Module no 4

8/2/2019 Module no 4

1/99

Bdjysz|bna Idfbdii|bdf ndj Idz|{|bsi \isgy|cis [anddbdf

C`n{zi| :$>

BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA

>$ Jiebdi Bduidzg|r ndj Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga7

Nds= BDUIDZG\R ndj BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA

BDUIDZG\R

Bduidzg|r bs jiznbaij absz ge z`gsi hgunlai bzihs v`bc` n|i dicissn|r zg

hndyenczy|i n {|gjycz ndj hnbdznbd zì i~yb{hidz ndj hnc`bdi|r bd

fggj vg|obdf g|ji|$

BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA

>$ Bduidzg|r CGDZ\GA bs zì zic`db~yis ge hnbdznbd zì sb}i ge zìbduidzg|r nz sghi jisb|ij aiuia oii{bdf bd zì ubiv zì lisz icgdghbc

bdzi|isz gee nd g|fndb}nzbgd$


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3$ Absz jgvd zì un|bgys zr{is ge bduidzg|bis ysij bd bdjysz|r7

Nds=CGH[GDIDZS GE BDUIDZG\BIS

Bduidzg|r cgdsbsz ge zì egaagvbdf

>$ \nv hnzi|bna

\nv hnzi|bna bs zì lnsbc bd{yz fiz cgdui|zij bdzg gyz{yz$

Ipnh{ai= Vggj bs zì lnsbc hnzi|bna eg| ey|dbzy|i eg| ey|dbzy|i hnobdf$


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9$ V`nz jg rgy odgv nlgyz zì Bduidzg|r cgsz |ianzbgds`b{7

Nds= BDUIDZG\R CGSZ \IANZBGDS@B[

Zì|i n|i zvg zr{is ge hnmg| cgsz |ianzij zg zì bduidzg|r

>$ Cgsz nssgcbnzij vbz` bduidzg|r$

$ [y|c`nsi {|bci

Bz bs n ui|r bh{g|zndz cgsz v`bc` bs ip{|issij bd zì zi|hs ge ydbz {|bci$

Bz bs n ui|r ysieya vìd {|bci jbscgydz n|i geei|ij$


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L$ BDUIDZG\R CN\\RBDF @GAJBDF CGSZ

>$ Zìsi n|i cgsz nssgcbnzij vbz `gajbdf fbuid aiuia ge bduidzg|r$

;) zg :;)$Zì lidiebzs ge bduidzg|r cgdz|ga n|i

>$ Bh{|guihidz bd cyszghi| |ianzbgds`b{ licnysi ge zì zbhiar jiabui|r

gee fggjs ndj si|ubcis$


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6$ Ip{anbd sghi ^ynabzr szndjn|js ge Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga

Nds= ^YNABZR SZNDJN\JS GE BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA

Ebfy|i= ^ynabzr szndjn|js ge Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga

>$ Hnpbhyh aiuia ge bduidzg|r

Bz |i{|isidzs z`i y{{i| abhbz lirgdj v`bc` z`i ~yndzbzr ge ndr bzih bs dgz

dg|hnaar naagvij zg |bsi$

Zg idsy|i z`nz yddicissn|r vg|obdf cn{bzna bs dgz lagcoij bd szg|is$

Hnpbhyh Szgco 8|icg|ji| aiuia / |icg|ji| ~yndzbzr hbdbhyh

cgdsyh{zbgd


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:$ \icg|ji| aiuia

\ig|ji| aiuia bs ebpij lizviid zì hbdbhyh ndj hnpbhyh aiuia$

Bz |i{|isidzs zì aiuia g| {gbdz nz v`bc` zì |i{aidbs`hidz nczbgd bs

bdbzbnzij$

\ig|ji| aiuia 8 ainj zbhi /sneizr szgco

9$ Ainj zbhi

n$ Bz bs zì zbhi fn{ lizviid ge nd g|ji| ndj zbhi ge nczyna sy{{ar

l$ Bz bs cgh{gsij ge z`|ii cgh{gdidz

Ainj zbhi 8 si|ubcbdf zbhi /jiabui|r zbhi /|icibubdf zbhi

Hgjyai Dg ;: 5 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


7/99


0$ Absz zì Bduidzg|r cgdz|ga zi|hbdgagfr7

Nds= BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA ZI\HBDGAGFR

>$ Jihndj

Bz bs zì dyhli| ge bzihs ({|gjyczs" |i~yb|ij {i| ydbz ge zbhi$

Zì jihndj hnr li ibzì| jizi|hbdbszbc g| {|glnlbabszbc bd dnzy|i$


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6$ \ig|ji| ~yndzbzr

Z`bs bs zì ~yndzbzr ge hnzi|bna (bzihs" zg li g|ji|ij nz zì |ig|ji|

aiuia$

Dg|hnaar z`bs ~yndzbzr i~ynas zg zì icgdghbc g|ji| ~yndzbzr$



9/99


0$ V|bzi jgvd zì eg|hyan ge IG^ eg| hgjia vbz` ydbeg|h jihndj$

Ip{anbd zì hindbdf ge inc` zi|h ysij zì|i bd7 Sznzi zì

nssyh{zbgd hnji eg| ji|bubdf zì eg|hyans7

Nds= ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR (IG^"

>" Bz bs zì ~yndzbzr v bc` {i|hbzs agv cgsz {i| ydbz$


10/99


2$ Ip{anbd IG^ vbz` ipnh{ai7

Nds=

ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR (IG^"

IG^ bs ip{anbdij lr z`i egaagvbdf ipnh{ai

Aiz

~ 8 icgdghbc agz sb}i g| IG^

c 8 cgsz eg| > bzih

b8 cgsz ge cn||rbdf bduidzg|r bd ) {i| {i|bgj$

{8{|gcy|ihidz cgsz nssgcbnzij vbz` gdi g|ji|$

y8 zgzna ~ynabzr ysij {i| {i|bgj$

n$ Zgzna {|gcy|ihidz cgsz8 Dg ge {y|c`nsij g|ji| {ancij bd n {in| p cgsz

bdugauij bd gdi {y|c`nsi

Hgjyai Dg ;: >; Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


11/99


l$ Nui|nfi nddyna bduidzg|r8~'> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


12/99


2= Ji|bui zì |ianzbgd eg| ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR IG^7

Nds= ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR IG^

ICGDGHBC G\JI\ ^YNDZBZR! IG^ bs z`nz g|ji| v`bc` vbaa hbdbhb}i zì zgzna

un|bnlai cgsz ge hndnfbdf bduidzg|r$

HIZ@GJS GE CNACYANZBDF GE IG^

Nssyhbdf z`nz zì bduidzg|r jic|insis nz n cgdszndz |nzi e|gh zì g|ji| ~ynabzr ~

zg }i|g ndj zìd |i{aidbsìj lr ndgzì| ~yndzbzr$

Srhlgas ysij=

Aiz!

S 8nddyna cgdsyh{zbgd ge zì {|gjycz (ydbzs"

C; 8 Cgsz ge {ancbdf nd g|ji|$

Cy 8 Ydbz cgsz ge nd bzih (ydbz {|bci \s"

~ 8 g|ji| ~yndzbzr (ydbzs"

B 8 bdzi|iszs |nzi c`n|fij {| ydbz {i| rin|

Dgv!

Zì zgzna un|bnlai cgsz ge hndnfbdf zì bduidzg|r {i| rin|8 Nddyna g|ji|bdf cgsz/

Nddyna cgsz ge cn||rbdf Bduidzg|r 8 I

Hgjyai Dg ;: >< Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


13/99


Zg jizi|hbdi Icgdghbc G|ji| ~yndzbzr (~G" z`nz hbdbhb}ij zì zgzna cgsz ge

hndnfbdf zì bduidzg|r! vi hysz jbeei|idzbnzi I vbz` |is{icz zg jicbsbgd

un|bnlai ~ ndj siz zì eb|sz ji|bunzbui zg }i|g b$i eg| hbdbhyh

Hgjyai Dg ;: >3 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


14/99


^$>;= Bduidzg|r bs n dicissn|r iuba Cghhidz7

Nds=Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga=

Bduidzg|r cgdz|ga hinds hnobdf zì jisb|ij bzih ge |i~yb|ij ~yndzbzr

nunbanlai zg un|bgys ji{n|zhidzs vìd diijij$ Zgg hyc` bduidzg|r

c|inzij n {|glaih ge zìb| szg|nfi! `yfi bduiszhidz ndj zì hnbdzidndci

ge szg|ij bzihs e|gh jizi|bg|nzbgd! {baei|nfi! jnhnfi izc$

@gviui| $agv bduidzg|r ainjs g c`ndci ge szg{{nfi ge {|gjyczbgd bdc|insi

bd gui|ìnjs ndj jbs|y{zbgd bd {|gjyczbgd scìjyais ndj jiabui|r

{|ghbsis$

Zì|ieg|i! g{zbhyh nhgydz ge bduidzg|r s`gyaj li hnbdznbdij bd szg|is$

Iui|r eb|h hysz hnbdznbd nji~ynzi szgco ge bduidzg|bis eg| zì egaagvbdf

|insgds=

6$ Zg idsy|i nfnbdsz jianrs bd Jiabui|bis=

Vìd nd g|ji| bs {ancis eg| e|is` szgco! zì hnzi|bnas n|i dgz

bhhijbnziar nunbanlai lyz sghizbhi ian{sis lieg|i bz n||buis$

Z`bs {i|bgj lizviid zì zbhi ge {ancbdf zì g|ji| ndj zbhi ge szgco

n||buna bs gezid sylmiczij zg un|bnzbgds$

N eb|h hysz zì|ieg|i `gaj sghi |iui|si szgco zg agv {|gjyczbgd

g{i|nzbgds zg cgdzbdyi bz jianr bd {|gcy|ihidz gccy|s$


C`ndfi bd hndyenczy|bdf {|gf|nhhi hnr gccy| licnysi ge zì

un|bnzbgd bd zì jihndj$

Zg hiiz zì bdc|insij jihndj ge zì ebdbsìj fggjs! zì cgh{ndr

s`gyaj `nui idgyf` szgco g| bduidzg|bis sg ns zg naagv {|gjyczbgd

vbz`gyz bdzi|ei|idci$


Vìd n cgh{ndr `ns abzzai bduidzg|r ndj |yd gyz ge szgco! szgco gyz ge

issidzbna hnzi|bna hinds bdzi||y{zbgd bd {|gjyczbgd v`bc` |nbsis zì

cgsz ge {|gjyczbgd$

Hgjyai Dg ;: >: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


15/99


>;$Zg oii{ lizzi| Cyszghi| |ianzbgds =

Szgco gyz hinds szg{{nfi g| bdzi||y{zbgds bd {|gjyczbgd! zì|ieg|i bz

hnr jianr |i jiabui|r ge ebdbsìj fggjs zg zì cyszghi|$

Nezi| n eiv syc` jianrs iuid n hgsz {nzbidz cyszghi| vbaa szn|z aggobdf

eg| sy{{abi| v`g vbaa fbui `bh lizzi| si|ubcis$

>>$Zg znoi njundznfi ge ^yndzbzr Jbscgydzs=

Hnzi|bna ndj cgh{gdidzs hnr li cìn{i| vìd {y|c`nsij bd an|fi

~yndzbzbis gvbdf zg an|fi| jbscgydzs ndj agvi| z|nds{g|znzbgd cgszs$

Ey|zì|hg|i! {n{i| vg|o ndj bds{iczbgd ge bdcghbdf hnzi|bna n|i nasg

sbh{abebij vìd an|fi| ~yndzbzbis$

>$ Zì|i bs dg s`g|znfi ge hnzi|bnas nz ndr sznfi ge {|gjyczbgd$


16/99


^$>>= Jisc|bli z`i un|bgys g|ji| anydc`bdf bduidzg|r cgdz|ga srszihs7

>$ Nds=N {|glaih v bc` navnrs |ihnbds bs z`nz `gv hyc` hnzi|bna hnr li g|ji|ij

nz nbhij$Nd icgdghbc g|ji| ~yndzbzr bs gdi v`bc` {i|hbzs z`i agvisz cgsz {i|

ydbz ndj bs hgsz njundznfigys$

5 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


17/99


^$>>= Sznzi zì |insgd eg| oii{bdf zì Bduidzg|bis7

Sgayzbgd=

\INSGDS EG\ OII[BDF BDUIDZG\BIS

>$ Zg sznlbab}i {|gjyczbgd=

Zì jihndj eg| nd bzih eayczynzis licnysi ge zì dyhli| ge enczg|s! i$f$!

sinsgdnabzr! {|gjyczbgd scìjyai izc$ Zì bduidzg|bis (|nv hnzi|bnas ndj

cgh{gdidzs" s`gyaj li hnji nunbanlai zg zì {|gjyczbgd ns {i| zì jihndj

enbabdf v`bc` |isyazs bd szgco gyz ndj zì {|gjyczbgd szg{{nfi znois {anci eg|

vndz ge hnzi|bnas$ @idci! zì bduidzg|r bs oi{z zg znoi cn|i ge z`bs eayczynzbgd

sg z`nz zì {|gjyczbgd bs shggz`$

;;

{i| cidz si|ubci aiuia! hinds zìr cnddgz neeg|j zg hbss zì jiabui|r

scìjyai v`bc` hnr |isyaz bd agss ge snais$

Zg nugbj zì g|fndb}nzbgds `nui zg hnbdznbd bduidzg|r$



18/99


9$ Zg oii{ {nci vbz` c`ndfbdf hn|oiz cgdjbzbgds=

Zì g|fndb}nzbgds `nui zg ndzbcb{nzi zì c`ndfbdf hn|oiz sidzbhidzs ndj

zìr `nui zg szgco hnzi|bnas bd ndzbcb{nzbgd ge dgdnunbanlbabzr ge hnzi|bnas g|

syjjid bdc|insi bd {|bcis$

Sghizbhis zì g|fndb}nzbgds `nui zg szgco hnzi|bnas jyi zg gzì| |insgds

aboi sy{{abi|s hbdbhyh ~yndzbzr cgdjbzbgd! sinsgdna nunbanlbabzr ge hnzi|bnas

g| syjjid bdc|insi bd {|bcis$



19/99


^$>>= Ip{anbd zì zic`db~yis ge Bduidzg|r Cgdz|ga7

Sgayzbgd=

ZIC@DB^YIS GE BDUIDZG\R CGDZ\GA

Bd ndr g|fndb}nzbgd! ji{idjbdf gd zì zr{i ge lysbdiss! bduidzg|r bs hnbdznbdij$

Vìd zì dyhli| ge bzihs bd bduidzg|r bs an|fi ndj zìd an|fi nhgydz ge hgdir

bs diijij zg c|inzi syc` bduidzg|r! bz licghis zì cgdci|d ge zì hndnfihidz

zg `nui n {|g{i| cgdz|ga gui| bzs g|ji|bdf! {|gcy|ihidz! hnbdzidndci ndj

cgdsyh{zbgd$

Zì cgdz|ga cnd li eg| g|ji| ~ynabzr ndj g|ji| e|i~yidcr$

Zì jbeei|idz zic`db~yis ge bduidzg|r cgdz|ga n|i=

>$ NLC ndnarsbs!

2 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


20/99


>$ NLC ndnarsbs=

n$ Bd z`bs ndnarsbs! zì canssbebcnzbgd ge ipbszbdf bduidzg|r bs lnsij gd nddyna

cgdsyh{zbgd ndj zì nddyna unayi ge zì bzihs$

l$ @idci vi glznbd zì ~yndzbzr ge bduidzg|r bzih cgdsyhij jy|bdf zì rin|

ndj hyazb{ar bz lr ydbz cgsz zg glznbd nddyna ysnfi cgsz$

c$ Zì bzihs n|i z id n||ndfij bd zì jiscidjbdf g|ji| ge syc` nddyna

ysnfi cgsz$

j$ Zì ndnarsbs bs cn||bij gyz lr j|nvbdf n f|n{` lnsij gd zì cyhyanzbui

dyhli| ge bzihs ndj cyhyanzbui ysnfi ge cgdsyh{zbgd cgsz$ Canssbebcnzbgd

bs jgdi ns egaagvs=

Cnzifg|r [i|cidznfi ge bzihs [i|cidznfi ge nddyna

cgdsyh{zbgd unayi

N >;


21/99


Zì canssbebcnzbgd ge NLC ndnarsbs bs s`gvd lr zì f|n{` fbuid ns egaagvs

Gdci NLC canssbebcnzbgd `ns liid nc`biuij! zì {gabcr cgdz|ga cnd lieg|hyanzij ns egaagvs=

NBzih= Ui|r zbf`z cgdz|ga! zì bzihs libdf ge `bf` unayi$ Zì cgdz|ga diij liipi|cbsij nz `bfì| aiuia ge nyz`g|bzr$

LBzih= Hgji|nzi cgdz|ga! zì bzihs libdf ge hgji|nzi unayi$ Zì cgdz|ga diijli ipi|cbsij nz hbjjai aiuia ge nyz`g|bzr$

CBzih= Zì bzihs libdf ge agv unayi! zì cgdz|ga cnd li ipi|cbsij nz f|gss |ggzaiuia ge nyz`g|bzr! b$i$! lr |is{iczbui ysi| ji{n|zhidz hndnfi|s$

Hgjyai Dg ;: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


22/99


C`n{zi| Dg :$" S`g|z dgzis

n$ anrgyz jisbfd zic`db~yisl$ Cgh{yzi| {nconfis eg| anrgyz ndnarsbs$

c$ [andz anrgyz

Hgjyai Dg ;:


23/99


;h

>$ Jiebdi [andz anrgyz7 V`nz n|i jbeei|idz zr{is ge anrgyz ysij bd bdjysz|r7

Fbui sybznlai ipnh{ai ge inc`7

Nds= [ANDZ ANRGYZ

[andz anrgyz bs jiebdij ns zic`db~yis ge agcnzbdf jbeei|idz hnc`bdis

ndj encbabzbis aboi {i|sgd! szg|nfi s{nci! hnzi|bna `ndjabdf i~yb{hidz ndj naa

gzì| sy{{g|zbdf si|ubcis vbz`bd bd zì enczg|r sg ns zg fiz hnpbhyh gyz{yz

vbz` jisb|ij ~ynabzr nz agvisz {gssblai cgsz$

ZR[IS GE [ANDZ ANRGYZ BD BDJYSZ\R

Zì un|bgys {andz anrgyz n|i ysij bd zì bdjysz|r n|i

Hgjyai Dg ;:


24/99


>$ [|gjycz anrgyz

Ipnh{ai= Syfn| {andz! lgzzabdf Bdjysz|r


25/99


:$ [|gubji vg|ohnd sneizr! cgduidbidci ndj cgheg|z$

9$ Hbdbhb}nzbgd ge hnzi|bna ndjabdf ndj hndyenczy|bdf crcai zbhi$

3$ Sznzi zì srh{zghs ge Lnj [andz Anrgyz7

Nds= Srh{zghs ge Lnj {andz anrgyz

Zì srh{zgh ge lnj {andz anrgyz n|i ns egaagvs=

>$ Agdf z|nds{g|znzbgd abdis

$ [|bdcb{ais ge gui|naa bdzif|nzbgd

N fggj anrgyz bs gdi z`nz bdzif|nzis hid! hnzi|bnas! hnc`bdis! si|ubcis bd

syc` n vnr z`nz zì lisz cgh{|bsi bs glznbdij$


26/99


N fggj anrgyz bs gdi bd v bc` zì zgzna jbszndci z|nuiaaij lr hid ndj

hnzi|bna bs hbdbhyh$

Sz|nbf`z abdi hguihidzs n|i {|iei||ij$

3$ [|bdcb{ais ge eagv

N fggj anrgyz bs gdi z`nz hnois zì hnzi|bna hguis gdar bd eg|vn|j

jb|iczbgd zgvn|js zì cgh{aizbgd sznfi vbz`gyz lncoz|ncobdf$

:$ [|bdcb{ais ge cylbc s{nci

N fggj anrgyz bs gdi z`nz hnoi ieeiczbui yzbab}nzbgd ge nunbanlai s{nci bd

z`|ii jbhidsbgd b$i$ aidfz`! l|injz` ndj ìbf`z$

9$ [|bdcb{ai ge snzbsenczbgd ndj sneizr

Z`bs {|bdcb{ai cgdsbji|s vg|oi|s sneizr ndj snzbsenczbgd ndj {|gziczbdf zì

{andz ndj hnc`bdi|r nfnbdsz zì eb|i! zìez izc$

5$ [|bdcb{ais ge eaipblbabzr$

Zì {andz hysz li eaipblai zg nlsg|l dicissn|r c`ndfis vìdiui|

|i~yb|ij vbz`gyz cgdsyhbdf hyc` cgsz ndj zbhi$

9$ V`nz n|i zì zic`db~yis ysij bd [andz Anrgyz7 Ip{anbd ndr zvg

G\

Sznzi zì {andz anrgyz zic`db~yis ysij bd ndj ip{anbd ndr gdi ge zìh7

Nds=

ZGGAS NDJ ZIC@DB^YIS YSIJ BD [ANDZ ANRGYZ

Zì un|bgys zggas ndj zic`db~yis ysij bd {andz anrgyz {anddbdf n|i

>$ G{i|nzbgdna {|gciss c`n|z$


27/99


9$ Zih{anzis

5$ Z`|ii jbhidsbgdna hgjias$

6$ \ianzbgds b{ c`n|z (\IA"

\ianzbgds`b{ c`n|z (\IA"

>$ Z`i |ianzbgds b{ c`n|z bs jiuiag{ij lr \GLI\ HYZ@I\$


28/99


9$ Inc` lagco bd zì c`n|z s`gis zì |ianzbgds`b{ lizviid zì zvg

vg|osznzbgds ndj |nzbdf bs fbuid bd zì njmncidz znlais$

Unayi CagsidissN Nlsgayzi Issidzbna

I IssidzbnaB Bh{g|zndzG G|jbdn|rY Ydbh{g|zndzP Dgz jisb|nlai

vì|i >! $ N z|nuia c`n|z bs n znlyan| |icg|j eg| {|isidzbdf ~yndzbznzbui jnzn nlgyz z i

hguihidz ge zì vg|oi|s! hnzi|bna g| i~yb{hidz lizviid ndr dyhli|s ge

{ancis gui| n fbuid {i|bgj ge zbhi$


29/99


Njundznfis

>$ Bz bs n ysieya zgga eg| hguihidz ndnarsbs$

$ Ji{n|zhidz g| vg|o cidz|is n|i abszij lgz` |gv vbsi ndj cgayhvbsi bd

zì snhi si~yidci$

$ Bz bs hgjbebcnzbgd ge zì zih{anzi hgjia$ @i|i bd {anci ge zih{anzis!3

jbhidsbgdna scnai hgjias ge vg|osznzbgd ndj gzì| encbabzbis n|i {|i{n|ij

ndj n|i {ancij gd zì enczg|r {and nz sybznlai {ancis$


30/99


5$ S`g|z dgzis gd Zr{is ge [andz Anrgyz7 Ip{anbd ndr zvg

Nds= [ANDZ ANRGYZ

[andz anrgyz bs jiebdij ns zic`db~yis ge agcnzbdf jbeei|idz hnc`bdis

ndj encbabzbis aboi {i|sgd! szg|nfi s{nci! hnzi|bna `ndjabdf i~yb{hidz ndj naa

gzì| sy{{g|zbdf si|ubcis vbz`bd bd zì enczg|r sg ns zg fiz hnpbhyh gyz{yz

vbz` jisb|ij ~ynabzr nz agvisz {gssblai cgsz$

ZR[IS GE [ANDZ ANRGYZ BD BDJYSZ\R

Zì un|bgys {andz anrgyz n|i ysij bd zì bdjysz|r n|i

>$ [|gjycz anrgyz

Ipnh{ai= Syfn| {andz! lgzzabdf Bdjysz|r


31/99


3$ Ebpij {gsbzbgd anrgyz

Ipnh{ai= S`b{ Lybajbdf Bdjysz|r! Nb| c|nez {|gjyczbgd$

>$ [|gjycz anrgyz

n$ Bz bs nasg odgvd ns abdi anrgyz$ Bz bs ysij bd hnss {|gjyczbgd$

l$ Bd z`bs anrgyz! naa dicissn|r hnc`bdi|r ndj i~yb{hidz n|i siz gyz bd snhi

n|i bd zì si~yidci ge hndyenczy|bdf {|gciss$

c$ Z`bs anrgyz bs ysij vìd zì|i bs bf` jihndj ge gdi g| siui|na {|gjycz$

Ipnh{ai= Syfn| {andz! lgzzabdf Bdjysz|r! Nyzghglbai ndj ZU sizs$

Ebfy|i= [|gjycz Anrgyz

Njundznfi

Hgjyai Dg ;: 3> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


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n$ Agv cgsz {i| ydbz

l$ Lizzi| ysi ge cylbc s{nci$

c$ Vg|o bd n {|gciss bs bf`$

j$ Bz diijs aiss sobaaij vg|oi|s$

i$ [|gjyczbgd crcai {i| ydbz zbhi bs agv$

Jbsnjundznfi

n$ Hnc`bdis n|i dgz ysij zg eyaa cn{ncbzr$

l$ Aiss eaipblbabzr$

c$ @bf` cn{bzna bduiszhidz jyi zg S[H$

j$ Snhi obdj ge vg|o hnois z`i vg|oi| eiia lg|ijgh ndj hgdzgys$

i$ Eg| ip{ndsbgd {y|{gsi bs dgz {gssblai zg njj hnc`bdis


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n$ [|gciss anrgyz hnois zì lisz ysi ge hnd ndj hnc bdis$

l$ Agz ge eaipblbabzr$

c$ Agv cn{bzna bduiszhidz jyi zg F[H$

j$ Un|bizr ge mgl hnois zì mgl c`naaidfbdf ndj bdzi|iszbdf eg| vg|oi|s$

i$ Eg| ip{ndsbgd {y|{gsi! bz bs {gssblai zg njj hg|i hnc`bdis$

Jbsnjundznfi

n$ @bf` cgsz {i| ydbz$

l$ [gg| ysi ge nunbanlai s{nci

c$ Vg|o bd {|gciss bs agv$

j$ Bz diijs s{icbnaar sobaaij vg|oi|s$

i$ [|gjyczbgd crcai zbhi bs {i| ydbz bs hg|i$

3$ Ebpij [gsbzbgd anrgyz

n$Bz bs ysij eg| zì {|gjyczs v`bc` n|i ui|r hnssbui$

l$ Bz bs ui|r bdcgduidbidz g| bz bs dgz jisb|nlai zg hgui zìh

c$ Bd ebpij {gsbzbgd anrgyz! zì vg|os |ihnbds bd ebpij {gsbzbgds$

j$ Zì hnc`bdis! hnzi|bna! i~yb{hidz ndj vg|oi|s n|i diijij eg|

{|gjyczbgds n|i l|gyf`z zg zì sbzi ge zì vg|oi|s$



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Ebfy|i= Ebpij [gsbzbgd Anrgyz

Ipnh{ai= S`b{ Lybajbdf Bdjysz|r! Nb| c|nez {|gjyczbgd! Nssihlar g{i|nzbgd

Bdjysz|r!

Njundznfi

n$ Cn{bzna bduiszhidz bd zì {andz anrgyz bs hbdbhyh$

l$ @bfì| eaipblbabzr$

c$ Ieeiczbui ysij ge sobaaij vg|oi|s$

j$ Bz bs insr zg hinsy|i zì {|gf|iss ge vg|o

i$ Zì vg|oi| bjidzber zìhsiauis vbz` n {|gjycz bd v`bc` zìr zggo bdzi|isz

ndj {|bji bd jgbdf mgl$$

6$ Jisc|bli zì {|gcijy|na szi{ bdugauij bd hnobdf n {andz anrgyz7

Nds= [ANDZ ANRGYZ [\CGIJY\I

N szi{ lr szi{ {|gcijy|i eg| {anddbdf g| jisbfdbdf n {andz anrgyz bs

fbuid liagv$

>$ Cgaaicz zì jnzn |ifn|jbdf zì {|gjycz! {|gciss izc ndj |icg|j zì jnzn

srszihnzbcnaar$

Hgjyai Dg ;: 3: Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


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;$Cìco zì ebdna anrgyz ndj {|i{n|i hnszi| anrgyz$

>>$[|isidz zì anrgyz zg hndnfihidz ndj fiz n{{|guna$

>3$Egaagv y{$

0$ Absz zì enczg| zg li cgdsbji|ij v`bai jisbfdbdf anrgyz7

Nds= Zì enczg|s cgdsbji|ij v`bai jisbfdbdf anrgyz n|i

>$ Zr{is ge Bdjysz|r

$ G{i|nzbgd {|gciss c`n|z

Bz |i{|isidzs zì lnsbc nczbubzbis bdugauis bd {|gjycz$



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Bz fbuis z`i bdeg|hnzbgd |ifn|jbdf jbszndci hguij ndj zbhi |i~yb|ij eg|

un|bgys nczbubzbis$

;$ Cgh{n|i z`i {|gjycz anrgyz ndj [|gciss Anrgyz

Nds=

Dg [|gjycz anrgyz [|gciss anrgyz



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>

[|gjycz g|bidzij anrgyz [|gciss g|bidzij anrgyz

< Aiss eaipblai Hg|i eaipblai

3 Lizzi| ysi ge s{nci [gg| ysi ge s{nci

: Vg|o sznzbgds n|i n||ndfij ns {i|

si~yidci ge {|gjycz g{i|nzbgds$

Vg|o sznzbgds n|i n||ndfij

nccg|jbdf zg zì eydczbgd$

9 @bf` cn{bzna bduiszhidz bs

diijij$

Agv cn{bzna bduiszhidz bs diijij$

5 N{{abcnlai zg zì hnss

{|gjyczbgd$

N{{abcnlai zg zì mgl g| lnzc`

{|gjyczbgd$

6 Vg|o bd {|gciss bs bf`$ Vg|o bd {|gciss bs agv

0 Ugayhi ge {|gjyczbgd bs bf`$ Ugayhi ge {|gjyczbgd bs agv

2

[|gjyczbgd crcai zbhi {i| ydbz bs

aiss$

[|gjyczbgd crcai zbhi {i| ydbz bs

hg|i$

>; [i| ydbz cgsz bs aiss$ [i| ydbz cgsz bs hg|i

>>$Ip{anbd zì diij eg| fggj encbabzbis {anddbdf

Nds= Z@I DIIJ EG\ FGGJ ENCBABZBIS [ANDDBDFZì diij eg| fggj encbabzbis {anddbdf

>$ [andz encbabzbis bdeayidci zì cgszs ge g{i|nzbdf ndj z i|ieg|i {|gebzs$


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9$ Encbabzbis n|i bdeaipblai (b$i$ {`rsbcnaar ebpij ndj `nui abhbzij g{{g|zydbzbis

zg li c`ndfij"$

5$ Encbabzbis n|i agdf zi|h cghhbzhidzs vbz` {|gz|nczij {i|bgjs ge ebdndcbna

|izy|d$

6$ Encbabzbis {anddbdf! jisbfd ndj cgdsz|yczbgd |i~yb|i agdf ainj zbhis$

0$ Sgydj {ands eg| bh{aihidznzbgd cnd nugbj jbs|y{zbgds bd {|gjyczbgd! ndj

jbscgdzbdybzbis eg| s`b{{bdf g| jiabui|r$

2$ G{i|nzbgds gezid {|gjyci jiz|bhidzna vnszis z`nz neeicz idzb|i

cghhydbzbis$

>;$Zì sneizr! cgduidbidci! n{{in|ndci! ndj cgheg|z ge bdjysz|bna encbabzbis

bdeayidci zì nzzbzyjis ge ndj zì nlbabzr zg nzz|ncz sybznlai ih{agriis$

>>$Bdjysz|bna encbabzbis hysz li {anddij zg hiiz ndzbcb{nzij eyzy|i

|i~yb|ihidzs riz cgh{izi {|gebznlar zgjnr$

>3$Fggj {anddbdf lyrs zbhi eg| hnobdf cghhbzhidzs? bz hbdbhb}is libdf

znoid lr sy|{|bsi$

>:$ Be {ands n|i hnji! hndnfihidzs cnd |incz enszi| ndj znoi njundznfi ge

lysbdiss g{{g|zydbzbis z`nz n|bsi$

>9$Fggj {anddbdf! is{icbnaar be {|isidzij viaa ubsynaar! bs nd nbj zg glznbd

ebdndcbdf hgdbis$

>5$Zì sbdfai hgsz bh{g|zndz cnysi ge bf` hnzi|bnas ndjabdf cgszs bs nj

`gc ip{ndsbgd ge {andz encbabzbis bd zì nlsidci ge n sz|nzifbc sbzi

jiuiag{hidz {and$



39/99


C`n{zi| Dg :$3

SZNZBSZBCNA ^YNABZR CGDZ\GA

>$ Cgsz ge ~ynabzr


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3$ Diij ge S^C

:$ Cgdci{z ge un|bnzbgd

9$ Cidz|na zidjidcr zìg|ih

5$ Ncci{zndci Snh{abdf

6$ Cgdz|ga c`n|z eg| un|bnlai

0$ Cgdz|ga c`n|z eg| nzz|blyzis

2$ Z^H

S^C

>$ S`g|z dgzin$ Cgsz ge ~ynabzr ----l$ ^ynabzr ge jisbfdc$ ^ynabzr ge cgdeg|hndcij$ NÂi$ NGê$ AZ[Jf$ [|gciss cn{nlbabzr -- 9 h

Hgjyai Dg ;: :; Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


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; h

9$ V`nz bs zì {|gciss c`n|z7 Ip{anbd zì un|bgys zr{is 7>;h

5$ Ip{anbd zì jbeei|idz ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd l|bie7

6$ Jbscyss zì BSG YNABZR szndjn|j $sznzi bzs nz ainsz ge >; canysis7

0$ Jiebdi ~ynabzr szndjn|j$Jbsccyss zì un|bgys ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd jiznbas vbz`bzs cnysis7>;h

2$ Jiebdi cgdz|ga c`n|z7 Jbee|idz lizviid zì un|bnlai cgdz|ga c`n|z ndjnzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z bd jiznbas vbz` ipnh{ai7

>;$Ip{anbd zì jbeei|idz zr{i ge cgdz|ga c`n|z bd S^C

>>$Cghhidz gd cgdz|ga c`n|z ndj cgdz|ga abhbz7 Jbeei|idz lizviid zìun|bnlai cgdz|ga c`n|z ndj nzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z 7

>3$V|bzi n dgzi gd Z^H {gabcr ndj glmiczbuis7:h

^$>= S`g|z dgzis gd Cgsz ge ^ynabzr7

Sgayzbgd=

CGSZ GE ^YNAZBR

Zì ip{idjbzy|i bdcy||ij zg bh{|gui zì ~ynabzr ge zì {|gjycz bs fidi|naar

zi|hij ns Cgsz ge ^ynabzr$

Zì cgsz ge cn||rbdf gyz zì cgh{ndrs ~ynabzr eydczbgd b$i hiizbdf zì

~ynabzr diijs ge zì cyszghi|s n|i odgvd ns Cgsz ge ^ynabzr$

Hgjyai Dg ;: :> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


42/99


Z`isi bdcayjis

>$ Hn|oiz |isin|c` cgsz$


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Hnzi|bna s{icbebcnzbgd

[|gciss s{icbebcnzbgd

Hiz`gj ge ziszbdf

C|bzi|bn ge ncci{zndci ndj |imiczbgd$

Hiz`gj ge ysi$

9" Gdi s{icbebcnzbgd hnr g| hnr dgz li syeebcbidz zg jisc|bli z i {|gjycz$

5" Zì s{icbebcnzbgd n|i canssbebij ns

n$ Zì szndjn|j s{icbebcnzbgd =

Zì szndjn|j lgjbis eg|hyanzi zì s{icbebcnzbgd eg| szndjn|jb}nzbgd ge zì

cgh{gdidzs$ Ipnh{ai s{icbebcnzbgd lr LBS$

l$ Cgdsyhi| s{icbebcnzbgd=

Vìd LBS s{icbebcnzbgds n|i dgz nunbanlai g| dgz sybznlai eg| zì {n|zbcyan|

cyszghi| diij! zìd cgdsyhi| s{icbebcnzbgd n|i ysij$

c$ Cgh{ndr s{icbebcnzbgds =

Vìd n cgh{ndr v`bc` hndyenczy|i {|gjyci bzs gvd s{icbebcnzbgd !cnaaij ns

cgh{ndr s{icbebcnzbgds$

^$> Jisc|bli Jbeei|idz ^ynabzr S{icbebcnzbgd7

Sgayzbgd=

^ynabzr S{icbebcnzbgd

>$ ^ynabzr S{icbebcnzbgd bs zì {|gciss zg jiebdi zì |i~yb|ihidz ge ~ynabzr

c`n|nczi|bszbcs


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n$ Hnzi|bna s{icbebcnzbgd

l$ [|gciss s{icbebcnzbgd

c$ Hiz`gj ge ziszbdf

j$ C|bzi|bn ge ncci{zndci ndj |imiczbgd$

i$ Hiz`gj ge ysi$

e$ [|gf|nhhis$

Diij ge S{icbebcnzbgd

>$ @ia{s zì hndyenczy|bdf ji{n|zhidz zg jicbji v`nz ipnczar bs zg li {|gjycij$

$ Szndjn|j s{icbebcnzbgds$

$ Szndjn|j s{icbebcnzbgds$

n$ Hgsz ge zì cgydz|bis `nui zìb| gvd szndjn|j lgjbis$

l$ Zìsi szndjn|j lgjbis eg|hyanzi zì s{icbebcnzbgd eg| n un|bizr ge {|gjycz$

c$ Bd Bdjbn! LBS bs Dnzbgds Szndjn|j Lgjr$


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n$ Vìd zì LBS s{icbebcnzbgds n|i dgz nunbanlai g| sybznlai eg| {n|zbcyan|

cyszghi| diijs! zìd zì hndyenczy|i hndyenczy|is zì {|gjycz nccg|jbdf

zg zì cyszghi| diijs ndj s{icbebcnzbgds$

l$ Zìsi s{icbebcnzbgds n|i cnaaij Cgdsyhi| S{icbebcnzbgds$

3$ Cgh{ndr S{icbebcnzbgds$

n$ Vìd zì hndyenczy|i zì {|gjycz nccg|jbdf gvd s{icbebcnzbgds zg sybz zì

cyszghi| diijs! zìr n|i cnaaij ns zì cgh{ndr s{icbebcnzbgd$

:$ [|gciss S{icbebcnzbgds

n$ Bz bs issidzbna zg s{icber zì {|gciss zg hndyenczy|i zì {n|zbcyan| {|gjycz

vbz` s{icbebij ~ynabzr$

l$ Zì {|gciss s{icbebcnzbgd eyaebaahidz bs eyaebaahidz ge zì {|gjycz ~ynabzr$

c$ Bz bdcayjis

S{icbebcnzbgds bjidzbebcnzbgds$

Hnzi|bna |i~yb|ihidz$

Si~yidci ge g{i|nzbgd$

[|gciss sìiz

[|gciss cgdjbzbgd (zih{!{|issy|i ndj `yhbjbzr"

Bds{iczbgd ndj ziszbdf szndjn|js$

9$ Zisz S{icbebcnzbgds$

Zì zisz s{icbebcnzbgds bdcayjis

n$ Zì un|bgys s{icbebcnzbgds nlgyz z i ziszbdf hiz`gjs$

l$ Bdsz|yhidz ndj ziszbdf i~yb{hidz |i~yb|ij eg| ziszbdf vbz` s{icbebcnzbgd$

c$ Hiz`gj ge siaiczbgd zì ziszbdf hiz`gj ndj zì {|i{n|nzbgd ge snh{ai

s{icbhids$

j$ Ziszbdf {|gcijy|i$

^$>$Ip{anbd ^ynabzr ge Jisbfd7

Sgayzbgd=

^ynabzr ge Jisbfd

>$ Zì ~ynabzr ge jisbfd bs |ianzij vbz` zì zbf zdiss ge zì s{icbebcnzbgd v`bc` n|i ysij

eg| hndyenczy|bdf ge n {|gjycz$

Hgjyai Dg ;: :9 Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


46/99


hh bs `nubdf lizzi| ~ynabzr z`nd zì {|gjycz

`nubdf vg|o zgai|ndci ge ;$;;>hh$

Enczg| neeiczbdf 'cgdz|gaabdf zì ^ynabzr ge Jisbfd

>$ Zr{is ge cyszghi|s bd zì hn|oiz$


47/99



48/99


Zì z`|ii hnbd iaihidzs ge zì ~ynabzr eydczbgd

>$ Ncci{zndci eydczbgd

$ Ncci{zndci eydczbgd

n$ Z`bs bs zì jnr zg jnr mgl ge hinsy|bdf zì {|gjycz! myjfbdf zì {i|eg|hndci!

hnobdf jbs{gsbzbgd ndj |icgjbdf zì jnzn$

l$ Bz cnh bdcayji zì bdcbjidzna eydczbgd ns hnbdzbdf! hinsy|bdf i~yb{hidz

szg|nfi! snaunfi$

c$ Z`bs eydczbgd bs |ianzij zg zì ncci{znlbabzr ge zì {|gjycz vbz` |ifn|j zg zì siz

~ynabzr ge {|gf|nhhi$


49/99


Bz bs lnsij gd anv ge an|fi dyhli|s % Hnz`ihnzbcna z`ig|r ge {|glnlbabzbis$

Hgji|d zic`db~yis ge S^C % ncci{zndci snh{abdf `nui nd bh{g|zndz |gai bd

bh{|guihidz ge ~ynabzr! id`ndcihidz ge {|gjyczbubzr! c|inzbgd ge cgdsyhi| cgdebjidci %

jiuiag{hidz ge bdjysz|bna icgdghr ge cgydz|r$

Njundznfis'Lidiebzs ge S^C=

>" Ieebcbidcr % Cgsz |ijyczbgd


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S^C bs jiebdij ns zì zic`db~yis ge n{{arbdf sznzbszbcna hiz`gjs lnsij gd zìg|r ge

{|glnlbabzr zg isznlabsìj ~ynabzr szndjn|js ndj zg hnbdznbd bd zì hgsz icgdghbcna

hnddi|$

Bz bs n jnzn j|buid n{{|gnc` ndj bs n{{abcnlai zg gyzfgbdf {|gjyczs aboi jy|bdf s`b{{bdf$

[|nczbcna jiubcis ysij ns zgga bd S^C

>$ @bszgf|nh

Bz bs n |i{|isidznzbgd ge jbszy|lzbgd ge un|bnlai jnzn |i{|isidzij lr n si|bis ndj

i~yna vbjz` cgayhds ge un|rbdf ìbf`z$

Bz bs ysij eg| ubsyna cghhydbcnzbgd nlgyz zì {|gciss ndj eg| ìa{bdf bd hnobdf

jicbsbgd nlgyz vì|i zg egcys zì ieeg|z ge bh{|guihidzs$


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SZNZBSZBCNA ^YNABZR CGDZ\GA=

>" Bz bs zì l|ndc` ge ~ynabzr cgdz|ga v`bc` jinas vbz cgaaiczbgd! {|glaih ndnarsbs

ndj bdzi|{|iznzbgd ge jnzn zg sgaui zì {|glaih$

$ Aiss nhgydz ge bds{iczbgd

Jyi zg S^C! aiss nhgydz ge bds{iczbgd bs |i~yb|ij v`bc` snuis zì agz ge hnd

`gy| ge zì {|gjyczbgd


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Vìd zì hinsy|ihidz bs cn||bij gyz zg

ebdj zì ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs gecgh{gdidzs! zì ~ynabzr bs snbj zg li

ip{|issij bd un|lais$

Vìd n |icg|j s`gvs gdar zì dyhli| ge

n|zbcais cgdeb|h ndj dgd cgdeb|hbdf zgndr s{icbna |i~yb|ihidz bz bs snbj zg li

nzz|blyzi jnzn

< Bz bs jgdi vbz` zì ìa{ ge {|icbsbgd

hinsy|ihidz$

Bz bs |icg|jij vbz` zì ìa{ ge anbj jgvd

szndjn|j$3 Jnzn glznbdij bs cnaaij zì cgdzbdygys

jnzn$

Jnzn glznbdij bs cnaaij jbsc|izi jnzn

: Zì unayi cnddgz li e|nczbgds Zì unayi cnddgz li e|nczbgds

Ip= Jbhidsbgd ge n {n|zs hinsy|ij

Vibf`z bd of

Dg ge jieiczs egydj bd snh{ai

C|ncos bd sìiz lr s{gz viaj$

^$6$ V`nz bs Un|bnzbgd'Un|bnlbabzr7 V`nz n|i {gssblai cnysis ge un|bnzbgd7

Sgayzbgd=

UN\BNZBGD'UN\BNLBABZR

Dg {|gjyczbgd {|gciss cnd {|gjyci naa bzihs ipnczar naboi$

Hgjyai Dg ;: 9< Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


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[|gjyczbgd {|gciss cgdsbszs ge cghlbdnzbgd ge hid! hnzi|bnas ndj hnc`bdi$

Inc` ge zìsi iaihidzs ge cghlbdnzbgd `ns sghi bdì|idz g| dnzy|na

un|bnlbabzr! zì cnysis ge v`bc` cnddgz li bsganzij$

\insgd eg| un|bnzbgd

>" [gg| |nv hnzi|bna

" C`ndci un|bnzbgd '|ndjgh un|bnzbgd


54/99


i||g|$< Zì|i bs n hbdyzi nhgydz ge

un|bnzbgds$

Zì|i bs n shnaa ndj an|fi nhgydz

ge un|bnzbgds$

3 Zìr n|i jbeebcyaz zg z|nci ndj yd

icgdghbcna zg iabhbdnzi$

Zìr n|i insr zg z|nci'jizicz ndj

yd icgdghbcna zg iabhbdnzi$

: Vbz` zì |ndjgh un|bnzbgd !zì

{|gciss bs sznlai zg ysi zì

snh{abdf {|gcijy|i

Vbz` zì nssbfdnlai un|bnzbgd !zì

{|gciss bs dgz sznlai zg ysi zì

snh{abdf {|gcijy|i

9$ Zìsi cnysis eagvs z i sznzbszbcna

anvs ge un|bnzbgd$

Zìsi cnysis jg dgz egaagvs ndrsznzbszbcna anvs ge un|bnzbgds$

5Ipnh{ai

n$ ubl|nzbgd bd hnc bdi

l$ un|bnzbgd bd hnzi|bna

Ipnh{ain" Enyazr siz y{l" Enyaz mbfs ndj ebpzy|is

^$2=Jiebdi e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd$ Jisc|bli un|bgys vnrs ge f|n{`bcna|i{|isidznzbgd ge e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd$

Sgayzbgd =

E \I^YIDCR JBSZ\BLYZBGD=



55/99


>$ Vìd zì hinsy|ij sb}is ge naa z i {|gjyczs n|i {agzzij nfnbdsz zì e|i~yidcr

ge gccy||idcis ge inc` sb}i bd zì eg|h ge f|n{`! bz bs odgvd ns e|i~yidcr

jbsz|blyzbgd$

$ Eg| {|gjycbdf idzb|i agz c`n|nczi| e|gh snh{ai$

$ E|i~yidcr @bszgf|nh


56/99


>$ E|i~yidcr @bszgf|nh =

>" Bd zì f|n{` zì sbjis ge cgayhd |i{|isidzs zì y{{i| % agvi| ciaa lgydjn|bis

% ìbf`zs n|i {|g{g|zbgdna zg zì e|i~yidcbis ge gccy||idcis vbz`bd zì ciaas$


57/99


>" Ln| c`n|z bs n f|n{ bcna |i{|isidznzbgd ge zì e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd! bd v`bc`

zì ln|s n|i cidzi|ij nz zì hbj{gbdz ge zì ciaas$


58/99


>" Gfbui cy|ui n|i ysij zg {agz cyhyanzbui e|i~yidcbis ge unayi aiss z`nd g|

f|inzi| z`nd |is{iczbui ciaa lgydjij$

;= Jiebdi



59/99


>$ F|gy{ij E|i~yidcr

" Ciaa =

V`bai f|gy{bdf zì jnzn bdzg n e|i~yidcr jbsz|blyzbgd! zì ciaa lgydjn|bis s`gyaj

li c`gsid `nae vnr lizviid zvg {gssblai glsi|unzbgds ndj ciaa bdzi|unas s`gyaj

li i~yna$

Zì bdzi|una nagdf zì scnai ge hinsy|ihidz ge inc` g|ji|ij canss bs

zi|hij ciaa$

>= Jiebdi cidz|na zidjidcr



60/99


G\

Jiebdi

>$ Hind

$ N|bz`hizbc Hind= P

Zì n|bz`hizbc hind bs zì nui|nfi ge naa zì unayis ge zì un|bnlai bd zì snh{ai$

Be P>!P

n|bz`hizbc hind bs fbuid lr!

8> < 3 dP / P / P /$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$/ P

Pd

b$i$

8

P

P d

=

Be d bs gjj! zì glsi|unzbgds n|i n||ndfij bd nscidjbdf g|ji|! zìd hijbnd bs

fbuid lr! (d >

< d

< < $ P C`n|z= Bz s`gvs un|bnzbgd bd nui|nfi ge un|bnzbgd ge snh{ais b$i$ bz s`gvs

cidzi|bdf ge {|gciss


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^$>9= Jisc|bli zì hiz`gj ge cgdsz|yczbdf P % \ c`n|zs % ip{anbd `gv zìsi

c`n|zs ìa{ bd jizi|hbdbdf anco ge cgdz|gas$

Sgayzbgd=

Szi{ B

Cnacyanzi zì nui|nfi P % |ndfi eg| inc` snh{ai=

N fggj dyhli| ge snh{ais ge bzihs hndyenczy|ij n|i cgaaiczij |ndjghar nz jbeei|idz

bdzi|unas ge zbhi % zìb| ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs (i$f$ jbnhizi|! z`bcodiss! vz$! izc$" n|i

hinsy|ij$

Eg| Ipnh{ais=

Be n snh{ai cgdznbds ebui bzihs! v`gsi jbhidsbgds n|i P>! P

> < 3 : 9P / P / P / P / PP

98

% \ 8 an|fisz unayi shnaaisz unayi$

Szi{ BB

Cnacyanzi f|ndj nui|nfi P % nui|nfi |ndfi \ $

Bz bs glznbdij lr jbubjbdf zì syh ge P unayi lr dyhli| ge snh{ais b$i$ sylf|gy{s!

b$i$P

PD

8 ! Vì|i D8 Dyhli| ge snh{ais! ndj

\\

D8

Szi{ BBB

Cnacyanzbgd ge 3 abhbzs eg| P c`n|z!

Zì cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i fbuid lr!

Y{{i| cgdz|ga abhbz P 8 YCA P 8 P / 3 $ P

Agvi| cgdz|ga abhbz P 8 ACA P 8 P 3

$ P

Szi{BU

Cnacyanzbgd ge 3 abhbzs eg| \ c`n|z!

YCA \ 8 J: \

YCA \ 8 J3 \



67/99


vì|i zì unayis ge un|bgys enczg|s N! N>! N! J

jbsz|blyzbgd % cnd li egydj e|gh szndjn|j znlais eg| n {n|zbcyan| snh{ai sb}i$

Szi{ U

[agz P % \ c`n|z=

Eg| P c`n|z! zì cidz|na abdi gd P c`n|z s`gyaj li j|nvd ns sgabj `g|b}gdzna abdi ns P $

Zì y{{i| % agvi| cgdz|ga abhbzs s`gyaj li j|nvd ns jgzzij `g|b}gdzna abdis nz zì

cnacyanzij unayi$

Eg| \ c`n|z! cidz|na abdi vbaa li bdjbcnzis \ % cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i s`gvd lr jgzzij

`g|b}gdzna abdis$

Szi{ UB

[agz zì nui|nfi ge snh{ais bd P c`n|z bd zì g|ji| cgaaiczij % {gbdzs gyzsbji zì cgdz|gaabhbzs n|i bdjbcnzij lr c|gss$

[agz zì |ndfis bd \ c`n|z % {gbdzs gyzsbji zì cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i bdjbcnzij lr cb|cais$

Szi{ UBB

Bdzi|{|iznzbgd'{|iabhbdn|r cgdcaysbgds e|gh zì cgdz|ga c`n|zs$

Zì anco ge cgdz|ga bs bdjbcnzij lr {gbdzs enaabdf gyzsbji cgdz|ga abhbzs gd ibzì| P % \

c`n|z$

Vìd naa zì {gbdzs enaa bdsbji! bz hinds zì {|gciss bs bd cgdz|ga$

> gyz ge 39 g| < gyz ge >;; {gbdzs cnd li zgai|nzij % {|gciss bs snbj zg li bd cgdz|ga$

^$>5= Jbeei|idzbnzi lizviid n jieicz % jieiczbui$

Sgayzbgd=

N$ Jieiczbui=

>$ Nd bzih bs snbj zg li jieiczbui be bz enbas zg cgdeg|h zg zì s{icbebcnzbgds bd ndr ge zì

~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs$

L$ Jieicz=

>$ Inc` c`n|nczi|bszbc z`nz jgis dgz hiiz vbz` zì s{icbebcnzbgds bs cnaaij ns jieicz$


68/99


3$ Eg| i$f$ be n cnszbdf cgdznbds ydjisb|nlai n|j s{gzs! lagv`gais! c|ncos izc$! zì

cnszbdf bs jieiczbui ndj `n|j s{gzs! lagv`gais! c|ncos n|i cnaaij ns jieiczs$

^$>6= Jiebdi E|nczbgd Jieiczbui$ @gv vbaa rgy j|nv [ c`n|z7

Sgayzbgd=

E\NCZBGD JIEICZBUI=

Bz bs jiebdij ns zì |nzbg ge dyhli| ge jieiczbui n|zbcais zg zì zgzna dyhli| ge

n|zbcais nczynaar bds{iczij$ Bz bs navnrs ip{|issij ns jicbhna e|nczbgd$

[ C`n|z

Bz bs nd nzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z b$i$ eg| ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs z`nz cnd li

canssbebij ns ibzì| cgdeg|hbdf g| dgdcgdeg|hbdf zg zì s{icbebcnzbgds$

Eg| i$f$ jbhidsbgds cìcoij lr FG % DG FG fnyfis$

Szi{ zg j|nv [ C`n|z=

>" \icg|j zì jnzn eg| inc` sylf|gy{ gd dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij ndj dg$ ge

jieiczbuis

["YCA[ [

d

/ 8 /

[ (> ["ACA[ [d

/ 8

9" [agz inc` {gbdz ns glznbdij! {agz cgdz|ga abhbzs ns cnacyanzij$

Zì {gbdzs enaabdf gyzsbji cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i bjidzbebij! (Be ndr"$

5" Be zì {gbdzs enaa gyzsbji zì cgdz|ga abhbzs! zì|i hnr li zvg |insgds$

n" Nssbfdnlai cnysis ge un|bnzbgd hnr li {|isidz$



69/99


l" ^ynabzr aiuia bs jbeei|idz eg| nssyhij szndjn|j [$

$

^>0$ S`g|z Dgzi gd [ C`n|z7

Sgayzbgd=

[ C`n|z

Bz bs nd nzz|blyzi cgdz|ga c`n|z b$i$ eg| ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbcs z`nz cnd li

canssbebij ns ibzì| cgdeg|hbdf g| dgdcgdeg|hbdf zg zì s{icbebcnzbgds$

Eg| i$f$ jbhidsbgds cìcoij lr FG % DG FG fnyfis$

Szi{ zg j|nv [ C`n|z=

6" \icg|j zì jnzn eg| inc` sylf|gy{ gd dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij ndj dg$ ge

jieiczbuis

0" Cgh{yzi [ (e|nczbgd jieiczbui" eg| inc` sylf|gy{

Dg$ Ge jieiczbuis bd sylf|gy{[

Dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij bd sylf|gy{8

2" Cgh{yzi [ 8nui|nfi e|nczbgd jieiczbui

Zgzna Dg$ Ge jieiczbuis bd n {i|bgj[

Zgzna Dg$ ge n|zbcais bds{iczij bd n {i|bgj8

>;" Cgh{yzi Cgdz|ga abhbzs

[ (> ["YCA[ [d

/ 8 /

[ (> ["

ACA[ [d

/ 8

>>" [agz inc` {gbdz ns glznbdij! {agz cgdz|ga abhbzs ns cnacyanzij$

Zì {gbdzs enaabdf gyzsbji cgdz|ga abhbzs n|i bjidzbebij! (Be ndr"$

>


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^$>2= V`nz bs z`i {y|{gsi ge [C`n|z7

Sgayzbgd

[y|{gsi ge [C`n|z

Licnysi ge agvi| bds{iczbgd % hnbdzidndci cgszs ge {c`n|z! z`ir ysynaar `nui n f|inzi|

n|in ge icgdghbcna n{{abcnzbgds z`nd cgdz|ga c`n|zs eg| un|bnlai$

>$ Zg jbscgui| nuf$ {|g{g|zbgd ge jieiczbui n|zbcais sylhbzzij eg| bds{iczbgd! gui| n

{i|bgj ge zbhi$


71/99


3$ Dyhli| ge shnaa `gais bd fanss lgzzais$

:$ Dyhli| ge jieicz syc` ns lagv`gais! c|ncos bd n cnszbdf$

9$ Dyhli| ge bh{i|eiczbgds glsi|uij bd n cagz ge ydbz n|in$

^$= Jbeei|idzbnzi lizviid Un|bnlai % Nzz|blyzi C`n|z

G\

Jbeei|idzbnzi lizviid P % \ c`n|z vbz` C! [ c`n|z$

Hgjyai Dg ;: 6> Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo

Un|bnlai C`n|zs Nzz|blyzi C`n|zs

Ipnh{ais= P % \ Ipnh{ais= [! d{! C! Y c`n|zs$

Jnzn |i~yb|ij bs un|bnlai jnzn (b$i$

hinsy|ij ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbc"

Jnzn |i~yb|ij bs nzz|blyzi jnzn (b$i$

cgdeg|hndci g| dgdcgdeg|hndci ysbdf anbjjgvd szndjn|j FG % DG fnyfis"$

Ebiaj ge N{{abcnzbgd= Cgdz|ga ge

bdjbubjyna ~ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbc$

Ebiaj ge n{{abcnzbgd= Cgdz|ga ge {|g{g|zbgd ge

jieiczbuis g| jieicz bd n snh{ai ge cgdszndz

sb}i g| dyhli| ge jieiczs {i| ydbz$

[|gubjis hnpbhyh yzbab}nzbgd ge

bdeg|hnzbgd nunbanlai e|gh jnzn$

Jnzn |i~yb|ij n|i gezid na|injr nunbanlai

eg|h bds{iczbgd |icg|js$[|gubjis jiznbaij bdeg|hnzbgd gd {|gciss

nui|nfi % un|bnzbgd eg| cgdz|ga ge

bdjbubjyna jbhidsbgd$

Zìr jg dgz {|gubji jiznbaij bdeg|hnzbgd eg|

cgdz|ga ge bdjbubjyna jbhidsbgd$

Zìr n|i dgz insbar ydji|szggj ydaiss

z|nbdbdf bs {|gubjij$

Zìr n|i hg|i sbh{ai ns cgh{n|ij zg P! \

c`n|zs! sg cnd li insbar ydji|szndj

Zìr bdugaui hg|i zbhi eg| hinsy|bdf!

cnacyanzbgd % {agzzbdf$

Zìr bdugaui aiss cgsz % zbhi$

Snh{ai sb}i bs shnaa$ Snh{ai sb}i bs fidi|naar an|fi|$


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^$


73/99


" Vbz` ndr {gsbzbgd n!l g| c {|nczbcnaar naa z`i {|gjyczs hndyenczy|ij vbaa hiiz z`i

s{icbebcnzbgds


74/99



75/99


l$ \ijyci jbs{i|sbgd be bz bs icgdghbcna$

c$ Njubsnlai zg bdc|insi zgai|ndci$

^$" Ncci{zndci snh{abdf bs zì {|gciss ge iunaynzbdf n {g|zbgd ge zì

{|gjyczs bd agz eg| zì {y|{gsi ge ncci{zbdf g| |imiczbdf zì agz gd zì

lnsbs ge dyhli| ge jieiczbui {n|zs egydj bd n |ndjgh snh{ai j|nvd e|gh

zì agz$

;;) bds{iczbgd! naa zì {n|zs g| {|gjyczs n|i sylmiczij zg bds{iczbgd!

vì|i ns bd snh{abdf bds{iczbgd gdar n snh{ai bs j|nvd e|gh zì agz %

bds{iczij$

L$ Snh{abdf bds{iczbgd$



76/99


>" Bd snh{abdf bds{iczbgd! ci|znbd snh{ais n|i siaiczij e|gh n agz ndj z`ir n|i

c`icoij$


77/99


^$;;)

bds{iczbgds$

Sgayzbgd=

NJUNDZNFIS NDJ ABHBZNZBGDS GE SNH[ABDF BDS[ICZBGD GUI\ >;;)

BDS[ICZBGDS$

Njundznfis ge Ncci{zndci snh{abdf =

Z`i njundznfis ge snh{abdf bds{iczbgd gui| >;;) bds{iczbgds=

>" Cgsz % zbhi |inj bs ~ybzi aiss z`nd >;;) bds{iczbgd$


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c" Ncci{zndci c|bzi|bn$

j" ^ynabzr c`n|nczi|bszbc zg li hinsy|ij$

^$


79/99


d 8 Snh{ai sb}i

c 8 Ncci{zndci dyhli|

9$ Nd G$C$ cy|ui cnd li jbubjij bdzg z |ii |ifbgds$

n$ Ncci{zndci ~ynabzr |ifbgd$

l$ Bdjbeei|idci ~ynabzr |ifbgd

c$ Glmiczbgdnlai ~ynabzr |ifbgd$

[n|nhizi| ge nd GC cy|ui

>$ [|gjyci|s |bsos

zì G$C$ cy|ui eg| jbeei|idz unayis ge D n|i dgz

n{{|icbnlai jbeei|idz b$i$ bz bs zì nlsgayzi sb}i ge snh{ai b$i$ bh{g|zndz z`nd

bzs |ianzbui sb}i cgh{n|ij zg sb}i ge agz$

9" Vbz` ebpij unayi D ndj c 1 d> z`nd be d unayi bs an|fi|! lizzi| vbaa li

jbsc|bhbdnzbgd lizviid fggj agzs % lnj agzs$

5" Vbz` ebpij unayi ge C ndj d 1 D! z`nd be d bs an|fi|! zì sag{i ge G$C$ cy|ui vbaa

li szii{i|$

^$3;= Absz zì sbfdbebcndci ge nd G$ C$ Cy|ui$

Sgayzbgd=

Sbfdbebcndci ge nd G$ C$ Cy|ui



80/99


>$ Bz cgh{n|is zì {i|eg|hndci gui| n |ndfi ge {gssblai ~ynabzr aiuia ge

sylhbzzij {|gjycz$

= Ip{anbd zì egaagvbdf zi|hs$

N$ [|gjyci|s |bso

L$ Cgdsyhi|s |bso

C$ Ncci{zndci ynabzr Aiuia (NÂ"

J$ Agz zgai|ndci {i|cidz jieiczbui (AZ[J"

I$ Nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr (NG^"

E$ Nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr aiuia (NGÂ"

Sgayzbgd=

N$ [|gjyci|s |bso=

" Cgdsyhi|s |bso bs jiebdij ns zì {|glnlbabzr ge ncci{zbdf zì jieiczbui agzs

v`bc` gzì|vbsi vgyaj `nui liid |imiczij$


81/99


:" Snrbdf z`nz [n ;$> 8 " Bz cnd li cnaaij ns \^A b$i$ \imiczbgdnlai ^ynabzr Aiuia$

" Nd nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr ge n {|gjycz bs bh{g|zndz zg z`i cyszghi|$


82/99


3" Bz |i{|isidzs zì nui|nfi ) jieiczbui bd zì gyzfgbdf {|gjyczs nezi| bds{iczbgd!

bdcayjbdf naa ncci{zij % naa |imiczij agzs! v`bc` `nui liid>;;) bds{iczij %

jieiczbuis |i{ancij lr dgdjieiczbuis$

:" Sg eg| n fbuid e|nczbgd jieiczbuis! zì agz ncci{zij ns n |isyaz ge eb|sz snh{abdf

bds{iczbgd vbaa `nui n e|nczbgd jieiczbuis { zì |imiczij agzs n|i sylmiczij zg

>;;) bds{iczbgd % |iczbebcnzbgd (jieiczbui {n|zbcais n|i ibz i| |i{ancij g|

cg||iczij"! zì|ieg|i NÂ vbaa li aiss z`nd {$

F$ Nui|nfi Gyzfgbdf ynabzr Aiuia (NGÂ"=

>" Nui|nfi gyzfgbdf ~ynabzr aiuia bs zì hnpbhyh nui|nfi {i|cidz jieiczbui bd zì

gyzfgbdf {|gjycz$


83/99


>" Z`i agzs n|i sylmiczij zg snh{abdf bds{iczbgd % ge bz cgdznbds jieiczbuis aiss z`nd

c z`nd bz bs ncci{zij$


84/99


^$3:= Sznzi % ip{anbd zì jbeei|idz snh{abdf {ands vbz` |is{icz zg zìb|

ncci{zndci c|bzi|bn$

Sgayzbgd=

Snh{abdf {ands hnr li f|gy{ij bdzg z`|ii cnzifg|bis$

N$ Sbdfai snh{abdf {and =

>" Vìd n jicbsbgd |imiczbgd g| ncci{zndci ge agz bs hnji gd zì lnsbs ge gdar

gdi snh{ai! zì ncci{zndci {and bs odgvd ns sbdfai snh{abdf {and$


85/99


L$ Jgylai snh{abdf {and =

>" Vìd zì jicbsbgd bs hnji gd ncci{zndci g| |imiczbgd ge z i agzs gd zì lnsbs

gd zvg snh{ais cghlbdij bz bs cnaaij ns jgylai snh{abdf {and$


86/99


C$ Hyazb{ai snh{abdf {ands =

>" Zì hyazb{ai snh{abdf bs ysij vìd z`|ii g| hg|i snh{ais ge sznzij sb}i n|i

{i|hbzzij$

bs j|nvd! zì agz bs ncci{zij be zì|i n|i jieiczbuis aiss z`nd c>

% |imiczij be zì|i n|i jieiczbuis hg|i z`nd |>

:" Gzì|vbsi be c> 1 jie 1 |>! n sicgdj snh{ai ge d< bs j|nvd! zì agz bs ncci{zij be

zì|i n|i jieiczbuis aiss z`nd c< bd cghlbdij snh{ai ge d>/d< vì|ins agz bs

|imiczij be zì|i n|i jieiczbuis hg|i z`nd |


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5" Be lr zì idj ge egy|z` snh{ai! zì agz bs dibzì| ncci{zij dg| |imiczij! n snh{ai d9

bs j|nvd$

6" Zì agz bs ncci{zij be zì dyhli| ge jieiczbuis bd zì cghlbdij snh{ai ge d>! d

d:! d9 aiss z`nd c9 % |imiczij be hg|i z`nd c9/>$

^$39$ Cgh{n|i zì z`|ii snh{abdf {ands$

Sgayzbgd=

Dyhli| Einzy|iSbdfai

Snh{abdf {and

Jgylai snh{abdf

{and

Hyazb{ai snh{abdf

{and

>$

Nuf$ dyhli| ge

{bicis bds{iczij{i| agz

Fidi|naar an|fisz

Bd lizviid sbdfai %

hyazb{ai Agvisz


88/99


^$35$ V`nz bs zì [|gjycz \iabnlbabzr 7

Sgayzbgd=

[\GJYCZ \IABNLBABZR

>" Zì |iabnlbabzr ge n srszih g| jiubci bs zì {|glnlbabzr z`nz bz vbaa fbui

snzbsenczg|r {i|eg|hndci eg| n s{icbebij {i|bgj ge zbhi ydji| s{icbebij

g{i|nzbdf cgdjbzbgd$

" Jisbfd vinodiss


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^$36$ V`nz bs zì \iabnlbabzr7 V`nz n|i zì enczg|s zg li cgdsbji|s v`bai jisbfdbdf

n |iabnlai {|gjycz7

Sgayzbgd=

\iabnlbabzr

\iabnlbabzr cnd li jiebdis ns zì jif|ii ge nssy|ndci g| nlbabzr ge zì {n|z zg li eydczbgd

ydji| s{icbebij cgdjbzbgds eg| s{icbebij zbhi$

ENCZG\ ZG LI CGDSBJI\IJ V@BAI JISBFDBDF \IABNLBABZR$

Zì enczg|s zg li cgdsbji|ij v`bai jisbfdbdf |iabnlbabzr n|i

>$ Sbh{abcbzr ge {|gjycz =

Aiss zì dyhli| ge {|gjyz!zì hg|i bs |iabnlbabzr$


90/99


^$30$ Ip{anbd zì zi|h HZLE7

Sgayzbgd=

Hind zbhi lizviid enbay|i (HZLE"

>" HZLE bs jiebdij ns zì zgzna hinsy|ij g{i|nzbdf zbhi ge n {g{yanzbgd ge

i~yb{hidz jbubjij lr zgzna dyhli| ge enbay|is! cgy{aij vbz` nd nssyh{zbgd ge

nd ip{gdidzbna jbsz|blyzbgd ge bdzi|unas lizviid zì enbay|i$


91/99


ZGZNA ^YNABZR HNDNFIHIDZ Z^H

^$>= S`g|z dgzis gd ZGZNA ^YNABZR HNDNFIHIDZ (Z^H"7

Sgayzbgd=

ZGZNA ^YNABZR HNDNFIHIDZ (Z^H"

>$ Z^H bs jiebdis ns cgdz|ga ge naa zì z|ndseg|hnzbgd ge nd g|fndb}nzbgd zg snzbser

zì cyszghi|s diijs bd zì hgsz icgdghbcna vnrs$

$ Zinh vg|o$

Unbl`nu Ubz`gln Dnbo


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>$ Z|nbdbdf bd {|glaih jbnfdgsbs ndj sgayzbgd$


93/99


l$ Ndnar}i zì |isyaz$

:$ NCZ

n$ Z|r zg ncz eg| {|iuidzbdf ydjisb|ij ieeiczs$

l$ Hinsy|i zì bh{|guihidzs ndj jisbfd eg| zì eyzy|i$

Ip{anbd zì jbeei|idz ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd l|bie7

Jbscyss zì BSG ^YNABZR szndjn|j $sznzi bzs nz ainsz ge >; canysis7

Jiebdi ~ynabzr szndjn|j$Jbsccyss zì un|bgys ~ynabzr szndjn|j bd jiznbasvbz` bzs cnysis7>;h

V`nz jg rgy hind lr ~ynabzr szndjn|j 9h



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C`n{zi| Dg :$:

Vnszi hndnfihidz



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^$>= S`g|z dgzis gd MBZ7

Nds= MBZ Hndyenczy|bdf

>$ MBZ bs n {|gjyczbgd hiz gjgagfr v bc` nbhs zg bh{|gui gui|naa

{|gjyczbubzr z`|gyf` zì iabhbdnzbgd ge vnszi ndj v bc` ainjs zg

bh{|guij ~ynabzr$

$ Eagv Anrgyz=

Zì {`rsbcna anrgyz ge {|gjyczbgd encbabznzis n|i n||ndfij! sg z`nz zì

{|gciss eagv bs sz|inhabdij b$i$ eg| inc` cgh{gdidz! zì {|g{g|zbgd ge

unayi njjij zbhi s`gyaj li hg|i! zì|i s`gyaj li hg|i! zì s`gyaj li

hbdbhyh ~yiybdf ndj dgd unayi njjij zbhis$


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3$ Hbpij hgjia scìjyabdf

MBZ glmiczbui bs zg hnzc` zì {|gjyczbgd |nzi zg jihndj ns cagsiar

{gssblai$ Gdi vnr ge jgbdf z bs bs zg bdc|insi zì eaipblbabzr ge

{|gjyczbgd abdis zg naagv cgdcy||idz nssihlar ge jbeei|idz hgjias gd

zì snhi abdi$

:$ Lyeei| szgco |ihguna

Cgdszndz iabhbdnzbgd ge lyeei| szgco bs ih{`nsb}ij zg `bf abf z

{|gjyczbgd {|glaih scìjyaij lr `bf` bduidzg|r aiuia$

9$ ^ynabzr

Zì nc`biuihidz ge `bf` ~ynabzr aiuias bs {|i|i~ybsbzi ge syccisseya MBZ$

]i|g jieiczs! Sznzbszbcna {|gciss ~ynabzr! {|gciss jnzn cgaaiczbgd ndj

vg|oi| cidzi|ij ~ynabzr n|i cghhgdar ysij ~ynabzr {|gf|nhhis$

5$ [|gjycz ndj {|gciss sbh{abebcnzbgd

Z`bs bs nc`biuij z`|gyf`

n$ \nzbgdnab}nzbgd ge {|gjycz |ndfi$

l$ Sbh{abebcnzbgd ge hiz`gjs ge hndyenczy|i$

c$ Sbh{abebcnzbgd z`|gyf` zì cgh{gdidz bzih szndjn|jb}nzbgd$

6$ Szndjn|j cgdznbdi|s

MBZ ih{`nsb}i shnaa szndjn|j cgdznbdi|s$ Z`bs sbh{abebis zì hnzi|bna

hguihidz ndj ysi ge hnzi|bna `ndjabdf i~yb{hidz$

0$ [|iuidzbui hnbdzidndci



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MBZ |i~yb|is |ihguna ge cnysi ge ydci|znbdzr ndj vnszi$

L|inojgvd bs n hnmg| cnysi ge zì ydci|znbdzr$

\bfg|gys {|iuidzbui hnbdzidndci nzzih{zs zg |ihgui zì ydci|znbdzr$

2$ Eaipblai vg|o eg|ci

Eaipblai vg|o eg|ci bs c|bzbcna |i~yb|ihidz ge MBZ$

Eaipblai vg|oeg|ci bs jiuiag{ij z`g|gyf` c|ggs eydczbgdna z|nbdbdf$

Bz bs dicissn|r zg hnzc` {|gjyczbgd |nzi ndj jihndj |nzi cagsiar ns

{gssblai$

>;$ G|fndb}nzbgd bd hgjyais g| ciaas

Hndr MBZ enczg|bis n|i g|fndb}ij bd shnaa nyzgdghgys hgjyais g|

ciaas! inc` ciaa libdf zgznaar |is{gdsblai eg| bzs gvd {|gjyczbgd ndj

sy{{ar ge njmncidz hgjyai$

Zì ciaas n|i jisbfdij sg z`nz hnzi|bna eagv lizviid crcai bs

hbdbhb}ij$

>>$ Cgdzbdygys bh{|guihidz

MBZ bs dgz gdi zbhi ieeg|z$Bz bs n {`bagsg{`r ge cgdzbdygys bh{|guihidz $bz siios zì bdugauihidz

ge iui|rgdi bd zì cgdzbdygys bh{|guihidzs$



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Lidiebzs ge MBZ

Zì hgsz sbfdbebcndz lidiebz ge MBZ bs zg bh{|gui zì |is{gdsbuidiss ge zì eg|h

zg zì c`ndfis bd zì hn|oiz{anci z`ys {|gubjbdf nd njundznfi bd cgh{izbzbgd$

Zì lidiebzs n|i

>$ [|gjyczbgd Cgsz= bs f|inzar |ijycij jyi zg |ijyczbgd ge hndyenczy|bdf

crcai zbhi$ \ijyczbgd ge vnszi! bduidzg|bis ndj iabhbdnzbgd ge dgd unayi

njjij g{i|nzbgds$


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SIUID VNSZIS

>3$Vnszi ge vnbzbdf

>:$Vnszi ge z|nds{g|znzbgd

>9$Vnszi ge {|gcissbdf bzsia

>5$Vnszi ge szgcos

>6$Vnszi ge hgzbgd

>0$Vnszi ge hnobdf jieiczbui {|gjyczs=

Module no 4

Documents

Transcript of Module no 4