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    26. Kallder, Perry, Eroupean and International Media Law: Liberal Democracy, Trade and The New Media, Axford University Press, 2001.

    27. Kendal, Vinrgina & Markos, Funkm, Child Exploition and Trafficking: Examining the Global Challenges and U.S Responses, Row Man and Little Filed Publishers, 2012.

    28. Levesque, Roger, Sexual Abuse of Children: A Human Rights Perspective, Indiana University Press, 1999.

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    31. Palusci, Vincent Current, Issues In Physical, Abuse, in Jill Korbin and Richard Krugman (eds), Handbook of Child Maltrea Cement, 2014.

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  • Judgment, No. 100, Winter 2020

    D

    Reflection on the Legislative Developments of Cyber Pornography; A Comparative Study of National Criminal Law

    and International Documents

    Saleh Ghaffari Cherati* Ismail Haditabar**

    Seyed Ibrahim Ghodsi*** Received: 15/09/2019 Accepted: 01/03/2020

    Abstract Pornography in cyberspace or computer is defined as the conduct of definitive and conditional blameable behaviors through computer or telecommunication systems. This phenomenon has been criminalized in domestic law as well as in the international arena and various approaches have been taken to it. In domestic law, the legislator has criminalized and punished all instances, forms and forms of computer pornography. In international documents, contrary to domestic law, child pornography is merely criminalized, and other species are considered deviant behavior. Finally, legislative criminal policymakers are advised to conform domestic (national) laws with international (transnational) instruments to merely criminalize and punish child pornography, and to combat these offenders through coercive tools and levers and criminal law. In contrast, combating and preventing other forms of computer pornography by participatory policymakers is accompanied by social responses to use all the tools and levers of policymaking to combat and prevent it.

    Key words: Cyber pornography, Criminal policy, Comparative law, Legislation.

    * PhD in Criminal Law and Criminology of Mazandaran University. [email protected]

    ** Assistant Professor at Law Faculty of Mazandaran University. [email protected]

    *** Associate Professor at Law Faculty of Mazandaran University. [email protected]