Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg Provinciaal Onderzoeks- en Voorlichtingscentrum...

Landwirtschaftliches Technologiezentrum Augustenberg

Provinciaal Onderzoeks- enVoorlichtingscentrum voor Land- en Tuinbouw

Blue Mold in Blue Mold in EuropeEurope

AERETToulouse, 19-21 February Norbert Billenkamp

Lies Willaert



Outbreak 2007April: • Iran: seedbed• Tunisia: seedbed & field





Outbreak 2007

May: • Iran: seedbed• Italy (south): seedbed

April: • Iran: seedbed• Tunisia: seedbed & field





Outbreak 2007Beginning of June: • Italy (north): field (outbreak stopped due to fungicide treatments with metalaxyl and/or weather conditions not favorable for blue mold )






Midst of June: • Germany: field (In the whole area blue mold occured. Due to cold weather conditions and/or fungicide treatments the most outbreaks seem to be more or less under control)

• Bulgaria: seedbed (Due to very hot weather conditions without rainfall and/or treatments with dimethomorph, the outbreak was stopped immediately)

• Italy (south): field (infected seedlings were transplanted in the field)






Midst of June: • Germany: field • Bulgaria: seedbed • Italy (south): field

End of June: • France: field• Germany: field





Outbreak 2007Beginning of JulyNew outbreaks in:•France•Switzerland•Germany






Midst of July: • Germany• France• Poland






Midst of July: • Germany• France• Poland

End of June: • France: field• Germany: field





Outbreak 2007Beginning of August•Switzerland•Poland





Outbreak 2007Metalaxyl-resistance





Losses 2007

France:

± 30% of acreage

> 100 farmers

Switzerland:

50 000 kg

> 100 farmers

Poland:

0,01% of acreage

100 kg

2 farmers





Blue Mold - Registered Chemicals

a.i. Trade Name(s) Country(s) Rate

Ridomil Gold MZRidomil Gold Special

Fubol Gold

Metalaxyl – M &Mancozeb

Germany, Belgium, GreeceSwitzerland, Hungary,

Spain, Croatia, Poland, Bulgaria

2,0 – 3,0kg/ha

Bion MXMetalaxyl – M &

Acibencolar – S - methyl

France, Greece0,4 kg/ha0,2 – 0,3

kg/hl

Metalaxyl &Mancozeb

Ridomil MZ andothers

Spain, Croatia 1,5 – 4,0kg/ha

Benalaxyl &Mancozeb Galben Spain, Greece

2,0 – 4,0kg/ha





Acrobat MZAcrobat plus

Acrobat M DG

France, Germany, GreeceHungary, Croatia, Poland,

Bulgaria

Dimethomorph &Mancozeb

2,0 – 3,5kg/ha

Dimethomorph Forum Germany, Switzerland,Bulgaria

1,5 l/ha

Several commercial products

Maneb, Mancozeb,Propineb, Zineb

France, Germany, Belgium, Greece, Switzerland,

Spain

Zoxamide &Mancozeb

Unikat Pro Belgium 2,0 kg/ha




Iprovalicarb &Maconzeb

Melody Med WP Greece 0,3 kg /hl

Ranman GermanyCyazofamid 0,2 l/ha &0,15 l/ha

AzoxystrobinOrtiva

Amistar1,0 l/haGermany, Hungary

Iprovalicarb &Folpet

Melody CombiGermany

(only seedbeds)

2 g / 10 m²0,3 mg a.i./

plant





Fenamidone & Fosetyl-Al

Verita 2,0-2,5 kg/ha

Switzerland, Bulgaria


Fenamidone & Propamocarb

Consento Switzerland 2,0 l/ha

Cymoxanil &mancozeb

Corsate M FG Bulgaria 2,0 kg/ha

Metiram Polyram FG Bulgaria 2,5 kg/ha

Metiram KIF 230 FG Bulgaria 2,0 kg/ha



Blue Mold - Chemicals in Study


Mandipropamid Revus Germany, Bulgaria 0,6 l/ha

Cyazofamid FranceRanman0,2 l/ha &0,15 l/ha



Blue Mold - Management in seedbedsCountry Overhead Float water

France3 x Bion MX (2 g / 100 m²)Start 4 leave stage until tp

Spain 2-3 x Ridomil xx 0,2 – 0,3 %Start: 4 leave stage

Switzerl.3 x Mancozeb(2 g / 10 m²)

Start 4 leave stage

Germany 3 x Acrobat (4 g / 10 m²)3 x Melody C. (2 g / 10 m²)

Melody Combi(0,3 mg a.i./plant/100 ml H2O)



Blue Mold - Management in seedbeds

Hungary Acrobat (25 g / m³)Ridomil Gold (25 g / m³

Croatia Acrobat (10 g / m³)Ridomil xx (10 g / m³)

Not requiredPoland

Country Float waterOverhead

Bulgaria Acrobat MZ Ridomil Gold MZ



Blue Mold - Managment in the fieldCountry France

Early transplanting (1st to 10th of May): 2 weeks after transplanting 2 – 3 x Maneb every 7 daysor2 weeks after transplanting 2 x Acrobat every 10 days

In time transplanting (10th to 20th of May): 2 weeks after transplanting 1 – 2 x Maneb every 7 daysor2 weeks after transplanting 1 - 2 x Acrobat every 10 days

Late transplanting (later than 20th of May): no Maneb or2 weeks after transplanting 1 x Acrobat

After that: 3 x Bion MX every 2 weeks with an increasing rates: 0,3 kg/ha – 0,35 kg/ha – 0,4 kg/ha or 10 days if high risk of Blue Mold



Blue Mold - Managment in the fieldCountry Belgium

Early transplanting (1st to 10th of May): 2 weeks after transplanting 2 – 3 x Maneb or Mancozeb every 10 days

In time transplanting (10th to 20th of May): 2 weeks after transplanting 1 – 2 x Maneb or Mancozeb every 10 days

Late transplanting (later than 20th of May): no Maneb or Mancozeb

After that: 2 x Ridomil Gold in a 2 weeks interval



Blue Mold - Managment in the fieldCountry Germany

Depending on the blue mold situation a possibletreatment sequence in a 2 week interval can be:

1st: Acrobat plus WG, just before tobacco covers the ground (4 – 6 weeks after transplanting)

2nd: Ortiva (only preventive, not if blue mold is in the area)

3rd: Ranman

4th: Forum at topping time



Country Poland

1st: Ridomil 2nd: Acrobat

Blue Mold - Managment in the field

Low plant population (=> better ventilation)

Tolerant/resistant varieties

Preventive sprays recommended on the CORESTA Warning System and using information from weather forecasting system

Removal of bottom leaves (=>better ventilation)

Interval: ca. 10 days21 days pre-harvest interval must be maintained



Blue Mold - Managment in the fieldCountry Hungary

From 2 weeks after transplanting 2 treatments with a cadence of 10 days:

Acrobat / Amistar / Ridomil Gold

Country Spain

From 30 days after transplanting 1 - 2 treatments

Ridomil xx



Blue Mold - Managment in the fieldCountry Croatia

From 25 days after transplanting preventive

Country Switzerland

Preventive treatments in a 2 week intervalIf rain or water sprays > 20-25 mm: treat again

No spray 2 weeks before each harvest



Blue Mold - Managment in the fieldCountry Bulgaria

From 14 days after transplanting 2 treatments with a cadence of 10 days according to risk

Mix volume according to fungicides GAP

Verita/Acrobat MZ/Ridomil Gold MZ



Blue Mold - Forecasting systems

Country Germany

SIMPEROTA 1: Forecasting 1st appearenceSIMPEROTA 3: Recommendation of time of treatmentsDeveloped and operated by ZEPP(Central Institution for Decision Support Systems in Crop Protection)

2007:2nd year of validation

Country France

Forecasting system testin 5 cooperatives and in ITB

by B. Cailleteau2007:

End of validation



Blue Mold - Forecasting systemsCountry Poland

Joint programme of Universal Polandand Philip Moris Poland

Country Bulgaria

Tobacco and tobacco products institutePlovdiv

National service for plant protectionSofia



A monitoring system on Metalaxyl

resistance in: • France (B. Cailleteau, ITB-Altadis)

• Poland (in cooperation with N. Billenkamp)

• Bulgaria (Tobacco and tobacco products institute – Plovdiv)

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