kanun patrika-Jestha 2066 · 179 lg0f{o g+= )^ h]7, @)^^;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo...

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lg0f{o g+= *)^* lg0f{o g+= *)^* lg0f{o g+= *)^* lg0f{o g+= *)^* lg0f{o g+= *)^* h]7, @)^^

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L cg"k/fh zdf{dfggLo GofofwLz >L uf}/L 9sfndfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tL

l/6 g+= – @)^#–WS–))$@cfb]z ldltM @)^%.!!.@(.%ljifo M pTk|]if0f ;d]t .

lgj]bsM sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !^afnfh' a:g] clwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7

lj?4ljkIfLM dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no ;d]t

§ nfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiff / nfu" cf}ifwnfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiff / nfu" cf}ifwnfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiff / nfu" cf}ifwnfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiff / nfu" cf}ifwnfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiff / nfu" cf}ifw

lgoGq0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;do ;fk]IflgoGq0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;do ;fk]IflgoGq0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;do ;fk]IflgoGq0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;do ;fk]IflgoGq0fsf] ljifonfO{ ;do ;fk]If

¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ghfg] xf]¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ghfg] xf]¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ghfg] xf]¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ghfg] xf]¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ghfg] xf]

/ Psk6s cf}ifwLsf ?kdf dfGotf/ Psk6s cf}ifwLsf ?kdf dfGotf/ Psk6s cf}ifwLsf ?kdf dfGotf/ Psk6s cf}ifwLsf ?kdf dfGotf/ Psk6s cf}ifwLsf ?kdf dfGotflbOPsf] kbfy{nfO{ ;b}j ;f]xL ?kdflbOPsf] kbfy{nfO{ ;b}j ;f]xL ?kdflbOPsf] kbfy{nfO{ ;b}j ;f]xL ?kdflbOPsf] kbfy{nfO{ ;b}j ;f]xL ?kdflbOPsf] kbfy{nfO{ ;b}j ;f]xL ?kdf

5fl8lbg ] xf ] eg ] To;n ] nfu "5f l8lbg ] xf ] eg ] To;n ] nfu "5f l8lbg ] xf ] eg ] To;n ] nfu "5f l8lbg ] xf ] eg ] To;n ] nfu "5f l8lbg ] xf ] eg ] To;n ] nfu "

cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–

laqmL, ;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jglaqmL, ;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jglaqmL, ;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jglaqmL, ;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jglaqmL, ;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jg

tyf lgsf;L k }7 f/ L ;d ]tdftyf lgsf;L k }7 f/ L ;d ]tdftyf lgsf;L k }7 f/ L ;d ]tdftyf lgsf;L k }7 f/ L ;d ]tdftyf lgsf;L k }7 f/ L ;d ]tdf

lgoGq0f xf ]Og, k |f ] T;fxg ldNglgoGq0f xf ]Og, k |f ] T;fxg ldNglgoGq0f xf ]Og, k |f ] T;fxg ldNglgoGq0f xf ]Og, k |f ] T;fxg ldNglgoGq0f xf ]Og, k |f ] T;fxg ldNghfg] .hfg] .hfg] .hfg] .hfg] .

§ dgf]l2ks kbfy{ -dgf]l2ks kbfy{ -dgf]l2ks kbfy{ -dgf]l2ks kbfy{ -dgf]l2ks kbfy{ -pschycotropicssubstances_ cGtu {t kfg ' { kg ] {_ cGtu {t kfg ' { kg ] {_ cGtu {t kfg ' { kg ] {_ cGtu {t kfg ' { kg ] {_ cGtu {t kfg ' { kg ] {

kbfy{nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;"rLdfkbfy{nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;"rLdfkbfy{nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;"rLdfkbfy{nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;"rLdfkbfy{nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;"rLdf

;dfj]z ul/Psf] jf cf}ifwL P]g,;dfj]z ul/Psf] jf cf}ifwL P]g,;dfj]z ul/Psf] jf cf}ifwL P]g,;dfj]z ul/Psf] jf cf}ifwL P]g,;dfj]z ul/Psf] jf cf}ifwL P]g,

@)#% sf ] ;6 [ fdf nfu " cf } i fw@)#% sf ] ;6 [ fdf nfu " cf } i fw@)#% sf ] ;6 [ fdf nfu " cf } i fw@)#% sf ] ;6 [ fdf nfu " cf } i fw@)#% sf ] ;6 [ fdf nfu " cf } i fw

-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## nfu" x'g] eGg] P]g, @)## nfu" x'g] eGg] P]g, @)## nfu" x'g] eGg] P]g, @)## nfu" x'g] eGg] P]g, @)## nfu" x'g] eGg]

s'/fn] s;}sf ] df } lns clwsf/dfs'/fn] s;}sf ] df } lns clwsf/dfs'/fn] s;}sf ] df } lns clwsf/dfs'/fn] s;}sf ] df } lns clwsf/dfs'/fn] s;}sf ] df } lns clwsf/df

cg'lrt aGb]h nfUg] cj:yf gx'Fg] /cg'lrt aGb]h nfUg] cj:yf gx'Fg] /cg'lrt aGb]h nfUg] cj:yf gx'Fg] /cg'lrt aGb]h nfUg] cj:yf gx'Fg] /cg'lrt aGb]h nfUg] cj:yf gx'Fg] /

;+ljwfg k|lts"n klg gx'g] .;+ljwfg k|lts"n klg gx'g] .;+ljwfg k|lts"n klg gx'g] .;+ljwfg k|lts"n klg gx'g] .;+ljwfg k|lts"n klg gx'g] .-k|s/0f g+=#_

lgj]bstkm{af6MljkIfLtkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf >L ls/0f

kf}8]ncjnlDjt ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]

wf/f !)& -!_§ nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf]

bkmf #-s_-&_,@#-s_

cfb]z

Gof=cg"k/fh zdf{Gof=cg"k/fh zdf{Gof=cg"k/fh zdf{Gof=cg"k/fh zdf{Gof=cg"k/fh zdf{M– g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf !)& cGtu{tbfo/eO{ Ohnf;;dIf k]; x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tlgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o;k|sf/ 5 M

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f#@ tyf !)& n] ;+ljwfg;Fu jflemPsf] sfg"gaflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ug{]c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]q ;jf{]Rr cbfntnfO{ ePsf]/ lgj]bs g]kfnL gful/s ePsf] x'gfn] nfu" cf}ifwlgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @#s sf] k|ltaGwfTdsjfSof+zsf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg tyf g]kfnn] x:tfIf/u/ ]sf ] Convention on psychycotropicssubstances - 1971 ;lGwsf] ;d]t k|fjwfg ljk/Lt/x]sf]n] ab/ u/fpg] ;DaGwdf lgj]bg lbg] xsb}of/x]sf] 5 .

g]kfng]kfng]kfng]kfng]kfn sfg"gsfg"gsfg"gsfg"gsfg"g klqsf,klqsf,klqsf,klqsf,klqsf, @)^^@)^^@)^^@)^^@)^^, h]7, h]7, h]7, h]7, h]7

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nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf]bkmf#-s_-&_ cg';f/ nfu" cf}ifw eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n]/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflztu/L tf]lslbPsf k|fs[ltsjf s[lqd nfu" cf}ifw tyf dgf]l2ks kbfy{ /ltgsf] nj0fx¿ tyf cGo kbfy{;d]t ;Demg'k5{ eGg] pNn]v ePsf] 5 . To:t} cf}ifwL ;DaGwLu|Gy -kmdf{sf]lkof_ x¿df tf]lsPsf] gfd /kl/df0fsf 6\ofAn]6, SofK;'n, OGh]S;g h:tfkmdf{:o"l6sn agf]6sf cf}ifwLsf] pTkfbg, ljt/0f,lgsf;L k}7f/L, ;~ro / ;]jg cf}ifwL P]g, @)#%adf]lhd x'g]5 . t/ To:tf nfu" cf}ifw / dgf]l2kskbfy{x¿sf sRrf kbfy{ -sf]/f /;fog_ x¿sf]pTkfbg, laqmL ljt/0f, lgsf;L k}7f/L, ;~ro /;]jgsf] ;DaGwdf o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 egLpNn]v ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnn] Convention on psychycotropicssubstances - 1971 df x:tfIf/ ul/;s]sf]cj:yfdf ldlt @)%!.@.@ sf] /fhkqdf Lysergide,methaquolone, Buprenorphine cflbnfO{ nfu"cf}ifwsf] ;"rLdf /flvPsf] 5 . t/ ;f] Conventionn] tL j:t'x¿nfO{ pschycotropics substancescGtu{t /fv]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf /fhkqsf]pQm ;"rgf ab/efuL /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;f]xL;"rgfsf] cfwf/df nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)##sf] bkmf @#s= sf] k|ltaGwfTds afSof+zdfplNnlvt æt/ To:tf nfu" cf}ifw / dgf]l2kskbfy{x¿sf sRrf kbfy{ -sf]/f /;fog_ x¿sf]pTkfbg, laqmL ljt/0f, lgsf;L k}7f/L, ;~ro /;]jgsf] ;DaGwdf o;} P]g adf]lhd x'g]5Æ eGg]k|fawfg ;d]t :jtM vf/]h x'g] :ki6 g} 5 . cf}ifwLP]g, @)#% nfO{ gh/cGbfh u/L k|foM ;a} o:tf

k|s[ltsf] d'2fdf nfu" g} gx'g] nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0fP]g, @)## cGtu{t cg';Gwfg cleof]hg x'g] /;f]xL cg';f/ k"k{If eO/x]sf] x'Fbf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!%^, ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] wf/f ( ;d]tsf] k|lts"n/x]sf] nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf@#-!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+z ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!)&-@_ ;d]tsf] k|lts"n x'Fbf pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/fpQm Joj:yf vf/]h ul/kfpFm . ;fy} k|:t't lgj]bgsf]clGtd 6'Ëf ] gnfu];Dd Convention onpschycotropics substances 1971 df pNn]vePsf cf}ifwLsf] ;DaGwdf nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0fP]g, @)## adf]lhd sf/jfxL grnfO{ cf}ifwL P]g,@)#% cGtu{t sf/jfxL rnfpg" egL k|ToyL{sf]gfpFdf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L u/L k]zLdf cu|flwsf/;d]t lbnfOkfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bg .o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g' gkg{] xf] <ljkIfLx¿;Fu lnlvt hjfkm dufO{ k]z ug{' egLo; cbfnt Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ldlt@)^$.@.!) df ePsf] cfb]z .

nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf# sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -&_ df ePsf] k|fjwfgadf]lhd g]kfn /fhkqdf ldlt @)%!.@.@ df;"rgf k|sflzt u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgf]l2kskbfy{ / ltgLx¿sf] nj0fx¿sf] ;DaGwdf pTkfbg,laqmL ljt/0f, lgsf;L, k}7f/L, ;~ro / ;]jgsf];DaGwdf u/]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf ;+ljwfg / sfg"gcg's"n g} /x]sf] x'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'kg{] xf] .;fy} k|:t't sfg"gL Joj:yfn] lgj]bssf] ;+j}wflgs/ sfg"gL xsclwsf/df s] s;/L cf3ft k/]sf] xf]eGg] v'nfpg g;s]sf] ;d]taf6 k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg

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*)^* *)^* *)^* *)^* *)^* - clwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]t

vf/ ]h ul/kfp F m eGg ] ;d]t Joxf ]/fsf ]dxfGofoflwjQmf o1d'lt{ j~hf8]sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'g] cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwcle;lGwsf ljk/Lt nfu" cf}ifwsf cg';Gwfgstf{n]sf/jfxL ug{], d'2f rnfpg] sfo{x¿ ;DdfgLtcbfnts} cfb]zaf6 /f]Sg] eGg] s'/f 5 . To;sfnflu ;DdfgLt cbfntsf] 5'§} cfb]zsf]cfjZostf g} kg{] ljifo xf]Og . klxn] t cleof]hgkIfn] o:tf] cleof]u g} nufpFb}g eg] nufO{xfn]sf]v08df klg ;flwsf/ cbfntn] OG;fkmsf] /f]xdfTo:tf] cj:yfdf ;'g'jfO{ g} ub{}g . cleof]hgkIf jf ;DalGwt cbfnt k|rlnt sfg"gsf;DaGwdf cgle1 /xG5g\ eg]/ cg'dfg ug{] /cg'dflgt cfwf/df l/6 lgj]bg lbg] xsb}oflgj]bsnfO{ 5}g . To:tf] cg'dfgsf] cfwf/dful/Psf] of] lgj]bg dfu bfjL tYodf cfwfl/tg/x]sf]n] vf/]h u/LkfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]Joj:yflksf ;++;b ;+lrjfnosf]tkm{af6 P]=sf ;x–;lrj 6]sk|;fb 9'Ëfgfsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ u}/sfg"gL eGg;Sg] s'g} sfg"gLcfwf/ gePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg cf}lrToxLg5 . vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn;/sf/ u[x dGqfnosf ;lrj pd]zk|;fbd}gfnLsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf#-s_-&_ df ePsf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd g]kfn;/sf/n] ldlt @)%!.@.@ sf] /fhkqdf ;"rgfk|sflzt u/L tf]lsPsf] jlu{s/0f cg';f/ ;DalGwtIf]qflwsf/ /x]sf] clwsf/Ln] P]= P]g adf]lhdcg';Gwfg txlssft u/L cleof]ukq bfo/ x'g]

ljifoj:t'nfO{ df}h"bf sfg"g ljk/Lt ePsf] egLeGg ldNg] xf]Og / k|x/L k|wfg sfof{noaf6 d}h"bfsfg"g ljk/Lt x'g] u/L sfd sf/jfxL ePsf] egLl/6 lgj]bssf] lhls/ ePsf] ;d]t gx'Fbf o;sfof{no ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ ePsf]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nosf]tkm{af6 P]=sfk|x/L lg/LIfs ch{'gk|;fb ltldlN;gfsf] lnlvthjfkm .

nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf# sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -&_ df ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)%!.@.@ sf] g]kfn/fhkqdf nfu" cf}ifw egL tf]sL ;"rgf k|sfzgul/Psf] xf] . ;f] Joj:yfaf6 cf}ifwL P]g, @)#%adf]lhd kmdf{sf]lkofdf tf]lsPsf dgf]l2ks kbfy{;DaGwL cf}ifwLx¿ cf}ifwL P]g cGtu{t g} kg{] /To:tf] dgf]l2ks kbfy{sf] sRrf kbfy{, h'gcf}ifwLsf] ?kdf tof/ e} ;s]sf] x'Fb}g, nfO{ nfu"cf}ifw cGtu{t lng'kg{] b]lvG5 . sRrf kbfy{nfO{cf}ifwLsf] ?kdf lng ;lsg] gx'Fbf To:tf sRrfkbfy{sf] k|of]u cf}ifwLsf] ?kdf geO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf]?kdf ePsf]df ;f] sfo{nfO{ nfu" cf}ifw P]gcGtu{tsf] s;"/ dfgL b08gLo agfpg] u/L ePsf]sfg"gL Joj:yf / ;f]xL P]gsf cfwf/df g]kfn/fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;+emf}tf;d]t ljk/Lt gx'Fbf ljkIfLsf] lgj]bg bfjLcf}lrTok"0f{ / sfg"g;Ddt gx'Fbf vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] sfg"g Gofo tyf ;+ljwfg;efdGqfnosf]tkm{af6 P]=sf ;lrj 8f= s'n/Tge"t{]nsf] lnlvt hjfkm .


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lgodadf]lhd k]zL;'rLdf r9L k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO x'Fbf lgj]bsclwjQmf Ohnf; ;dIf cg'kl:yt /xg' ePsf] /ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sftkm{af6 pkl:yt x'g'ePsfljåfg ;x–GofoflwjQmf >L ls/0f kf}8]nn] k|:t'tlgj]bg ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljjfb g/x]sf] x'Fbflgj]bssf] xsb}of g} /x]sf] 5}g / o;n] s;}sf]df}lns xsdf cf3ft k'¥ofPsf] cj:yf klg 5}gegL jx; lhls/ k|:t't ug'{eof] . lgj]bsn] d'ntMg]kfnn] cg'df]bg u/]sf] Convention onpsychycotropics substances-1971 dfLysergide, methaquolone, Buprenorphine nfO{pschycotropics substances cGtu{t /fv]sf]cj:yfdf ;f] Convention sf] k|lts"n x'g] u/Lnfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @#s sf]k|ltaGwfTds afSof+zdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]x'Fbf ;f] Joj:yf ;lGw P]g, @)$& sf] bkmf ( tyfg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] dfu u/]sf]dfnfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #-s_-&_df ePsf] k|fjwfg adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt@)%!.@.@ sf] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/Ltf]lsPsf] jlu{s/0f cg';f/ ;DalGwt If]qflwsf//x]sf] clwsf/Ln] P]= P]g adf]lhd cg';Gwfgtxlssft u/L cleof]ukq bfo/ x'g] ljifoj:t'nfO{df}h'bf sfg"g ljk/Lt ePsf] egL k/]sf] k|:t'tlgj]bg vf/]hof]Uo /x]sf] 5 eGg] ;d]tsf] lhls/lnFb} lnlvt hjfkm k|:t't x'g cfPsf] b]lvG5 .

@= plNnlvt kl/k|]Iodf k|:t'tljjfbdf ldlt @)%!.@.@ sf] g]kfn /fhkqdfk|sflzt ;"rgf, nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)##

sf] bkmf #-s_-&_, P]= sf] bkmf @#s / cf}ifwL P]g,@)#% ;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L lgj]bsn] pNn]vu/]sf] ldlt @)%!.@.@ sf] g]kfn /fhkqdfk|sflzt ;"rgfdf Lysergide, methaquolone,Buprenorphine nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwdf /fVg] u/L u/]sf]Joj:yf / nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f P]g, @)## sf]bkmf @#-s_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds afSof+z ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] cj:yf 5 jf 5}g < eGg] k|Zgsf] lg?k0fx'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|ydtM g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt;"rgfnfO{ x]bf{ ;f] ;"rgf nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_P]g, @)## sf] bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08-&_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu k|sflzt ePsf] eGg]b]lvG5 . ;f] ;"rgfn] nfu" cf}ifwL, dgf]l2kscf}ifwLx¿sf] ljj/0f k|:t't u/L lgj]bsn] pNn]vu/]sf Lysergide, methaquolone, Buprenorphine;d]tnfO{ nfu" cf}ifwL cGtu{t ;dfj]z u/]sf]b]lvG5 . To;}u/L nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)##sf] bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -&_ n] u/]sf]sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ x]bf{ æg]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do;dodf g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/Ltf]lslbPsf k|fs[lts jf s[lqd nfu" cf}ifw tyfdgf]l2ks kbfy{ -;fOsf]6«lks ;A:6fG;_ / ltgsfnj0fx¿ tyf cGo kbfy{ ;d]t ;Demg' kb{5ÆeGg] pNn]v u/L nfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiff k|:t'tul/Psf] b]lvG5 . P]gsf] bkmf # n] ljleGgzAbx¿nfO{ kl/eflift u/]sf] / To;df ufFhf,cf}ifwf]kof]uL ufFhf, clkmd, t}of/L clkmd,cf}ifwf]kof]uL clkmd sf]sfsf] emf/ / kft / clkmdtyf sf]sfsf] ;f/tTj, ld>0f jf nj0f ;d]tld;fO{ tof/ ul/g] s'g} kbfy{;Fu} g]kfn ;/sf/n]tf]lslbPsf k|fs[lts jf s[lqd nfu" cf}ifw tyf

183183183183183

*)^* *)^* *)^* *)^* *)^* - clwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]tclwjQmf gf/fo0f >]i7 lj=dxfGofoflwjQmfsf ] sfof {no ;d]t

dgf]l2ks kbfy{ / ltgsf] nj0fx¿ tyf cGokbfy{nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/LP]gn] pschycotropics substances :jo+nfO{ g}nfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiffleq ;dfj]z u/]sf] / To:tfkbfy{x¿ lglZrt ug]{ clwsf/ sfg"gåf/f g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . h'g sfg"gn]g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;f] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] xf],To;nfO{ lgj]bsn] cGoyf eGg ;s]sf] cj:yfklg 5}g . ldlt @)%!.@.@ df g]kfn ;/sf/n]k|sfzg u/]sf] ;"rgf -g]kfn /fhkq, v08 $$,;+Vof %, efu #_ n] Lysergide, methaquolone,Buprenorphine ;d]tnfO{ pschycotropicssubstances cGtu{t g/fvL nfu" cf}ifwL cGtu{t/fv]sf] sf/0fn] ;f] ;"rgf ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf]eGg] lgj]bg bfjLnfO{ lgj]bs :jo+n] cfwf/agfPsf] nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf]bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -&_ n] g} vl08tu/]sf] cj:yf Psflt/ /x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ nfu"cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @#s n]k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] eGg] zLif{s cGtu{tP]gsf] bkmf # sf] v08 -s_ sf] pkv08 -&_adf]lhd tf]lslbPsf k|fs[lts jf s[lqd nfu" cf}ifwtyf dgf]l2ks kbfy{ / ltgsf nj0fx¿sf;DaGwdf cf}ifwL P]g, @)#% nfu" x'g] / To:tfnfu" cf}ifw / dgf]l2ks kbfy{x¿sf sRrf kbfy{-sf]/f /;fog_ x¿sf ;DaGwdf nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## g} nfu" x'g] egL u/]sf] Joj:yfdWo] kl5Nnf] cyf{t\ nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g,@)## g} nfu" x'g] egL u/]sf] Joj:yf s] s'gcfwf/df ;+ljwfgsf] s] s'g k|fawfg;Fu aflemPsf]xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf :ki6;Fu bfjL lng ;s]sf]

kfO{+b}g . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !)&-!_ cGtu{t k/]sf] k|:t't lgj]bgdf ;f]wf/fdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg';f/ ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQdf}lns xs pk/ cg'lrt aGb]h nufOPsf]n] jfcGo s'g} sf/0fn] s'g} sfg"g of] ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] x'Fbf ;f] sfg"g jf To;sf] s'g} efuab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm egL :ki6 ?kdf bfjL lng;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . t/ k|:t't ljjfbdf g]kfn /fhkqdfldlt @)%!.@.@ df k|sflzt ;"rgf / nfu" cf}ifw-lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @#s sf]k|ltaGwfTds afSof+z ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)&-!_adf]lhd vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] afx]s cGo s'g}s'/fsf] pNn]v u/]sf] kfO{+b}g . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!)&-!_ cGtu{t lgj]bg bfo/ ug]{ kIfn] s'g}sfg"g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] eGg] bfjL lng' dfqkof{Kt x'Fb}g, ;+ljwfgsf] s] s'g k|fjwfg;FuaflemPsf] xf] jf ;+ljwfg k|bQ s] s'g df}lnsxs pk/ cg'lrt aGb]h nfUg uPsf] xf] eGg];d]t v'nfpg' kb{5 .

#= ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;bfrf/,:jf:Yo, ;'ljwf / cfly{s lxt sfod /fVgsf]nflu nfu" cf}ifwsf] v]tL, pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–laqmL, ;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jg tyf lgsf;Lk}7f/L ;d]tdf lgoGq0f ug]{ p4]Zo /fvL ag]sf]nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf ;du|k|fawfgx¿ ToxL p4]Zo kl/k"lt{tkm{ kl/nlIft/x]sf] b]lvG5 . oltv]/ nfu" cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg,lgdf{0f, v/Lb–laqmL, ;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jgtyf lgsf;L k}7f/L h:tf ljifox¿ Pp6f b]zsf]dfq ;d:ofsf ?kdf ge} ljZjJofkL k|efj /r'gf}tLsf ljifo aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . o:tf lqmofx¿


184184184184184

;fdfGo ck/fwsf ?kdf eGbf klg u+eL/ ;Ful7tck/fwsf ?kdf lrlgg yfn]sf 5g\ . of] ;d:ofdfgj ;Eotf / dfgj hLjgs} nflu vt/fsf?kdf plePsf] 5 . :jf:Yo/Iffsf nflu ;]jg ug'{kg]{ hLjg/Ifs cf}ifwLsf] b'?kof]u u/L To;nfO{nfu" cf}ifwsf ?kdf k|of]u ug{ yflnPsf] 5, ljZjsfw]/} dflg;x¿ / ljz]if u/L o'jf ju{nfO{ To:tf]s'ntsf] lzsf/ agfOPsf] 5 . To;/L dflg;x¿nfO{s'nt / b'Jo{;gdf km;fpFb} hfg] / To;}sf cf8dfdfgj hLjgnfO{ g} ljs[t t'Nofpg] k|j[lQnfO{lg?T;flxt ub}{ nuL Pp6f ;'Gb/, ;bfrf/o'Qm,;';Eo, :j:y ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu klg nfu"cf}ifw lgoGq0fsf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 .k|efjsf/L sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f / To;sf] k|efjsf/Lsfof{Gjog eGg]s'/f hlxn] klg ;fk]lIft x'g] ub{5,;do / kl/l:yltsf] ;fk]Iftfdf To;nfO{ kl/dfh{gub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ x'G5 . To;}n] s] s:tf kbfy{nfO{nfu" cf}ifw cGtu{t /fVg], s] s:tf kbfy{nfO{dgf]l2ks kbfy{ cGtu{t /fVg] / s] s:tf kbfy{nfO{ljz'4 cf}ifwLsf ?kdf /fVg] eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0fklg To:tf kbfy{x¿sf] k|of]u jf b'?kof]usf] cj:yf/ ltgLx¿sf] k|efj ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L ug'{kg]{x'G5 . s]xL jif{ cl3;Dd ljz'4 ?kdf :jf:Yo/Iffsf nflu k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf] cf}ifwL kl5Nnf];dodf nfu" cf}ifwsf ?kdf k|of]u ul/Fb} yfn]sf]cj:yf klg b]lvPsf] 5 . To;/L nfu" cf}ifwsf]kl/efiff / nfu" cf}ifwsf] lgoGq0fsf] ljifonfO{;do ;fk]If ?kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ghfg] xf] /Psk6s cf}ifwLsf ?kdf dfGotf lbOPsf] kbfy{nfO{;b}j ;f]xL ?kdf 5fl8lbg] xf] eg] To;n] nfu"cf}ifwsf] pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–laqmL, ;~ro,

cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jg tyf lgsf;L k}7f/L ;d]tdflgoGq0f xf]Og, k|f]T;fxg ldNg hfG5 . t;y{ s'g}lj/fdLsf nflu :jf:Yo /Iffsf] cf}ifwL aGg ;Sg]kbfy{ b"Jo{;gLsfnflu nfu" cf}ifw aGg ghfcf];\eGg]tkm{sf] ;ts{tf / ;+j]bgzLntf ;d]tnfO{b[li6ut u/L nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf]bkmf #-s_-&_ n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodfg]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]lslbPsfk|fs[lts jf s[lqd nfu" cf}ifw tyf dgf]l2ks kbfy{-;fOsf]6«lks ;A:6fG;_ / ltgsf] nj0fx¿ tyfcGo kbfy{ ;d]tnfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf ?kdf kl/efliftul/Psf] dfGg ;lsG5 . t;y{ dgf]l2ks kbfy{ -pschycotropics substances_ cGtu{t kfg'{kg]{kbfy{nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf]jf cf}ifwL P]g, @)#% sf] ;6[fdf nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## nfu" x'g] eGg] s'/fn] s;}sf]df}lns clwsf/df cg'lrt aGb]h nfUg] cj:yfx'Fb}g, g t To:tf] ljifo ;+ljwfg k|lts"n g} x'ghfG5 . To:tf ljifonfO{ cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGwsfk|fjwfg;Fu aflemPsf] ?kdf a'em\g / cy{ ug{ ldNg]cj:yf klg b]lvFb}g .

$= lgj]bs cfkm" :jo+ jf cfkm\gfsfg"g Joj;foL dfkm{t ljjfbsf] ljifodfOhnf;nfO{ :ki6 ug]{ st{Josf] lgjf{x klg ul/Psf]5}g . lgj]bg cfkm}+df c:ki6 /x]sf], /fhkqdfk|sflzt ;"rgf / nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g,@)## sf] s] s'g k|fjwfg ;+ljwfgsf] s'gk|fjwfg;Fu s;/L aflemPsf] xf] eGg] pNn]v g}gul/Psf] / ;'g'jfOsf qmddf klg cfkm\gf] lgj]bgJoxf]/fsf] ;dy{gsf a'Fbfx¿ k|:t't ug]{;Ddsf]lhDd]jf/L jxg gu/L cfkm"af6 p7fOPsf] ljifonfO{

185185185185185

*)^(*)^(*)^(*)^(*)^(- g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktg]kfn ;/sf/ lj=k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktg]kfn ;/sf/ lj=k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktg]kfn ;/sf/ lj=k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktg]kfn ;/sf/ lj=k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt

tfls{s lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] k|lqmofaf6 lgj]bs :jo+g} ljd'v eO{ cbfntsf] cd"No ;dosf] ;b'kof]udf;xof]u gu/]sf] cj:yfnfO{ klg oxfF lj;{g ldNb}g .

%= t;y{ dfly ul/Psf] ljZn]if0f;d]tsf cfwf/df nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]gn] nfu"cf}ifwsf] kl/efiff k|:t't u/]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf]nfu" cf}ifwsf] v]tL, pTkfbg, lgdf{0f, v/Lb–laqmL,;~ro, cf];f/ k;f/, ;]jg tyf lgsf;L k}7f/L;d]tdf lgoGq0f ug]{ p4]Zo ;lxt nfu" cf}ifw /dgf]l2ks kbfy{x¿sf sRrf kbfy{ -sf]/f /;fog_x¿sf ;DaGwdf nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)##nfu" x'g] u/L ul/Psf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;+ljwfg ljk/Ltsf];+1f lbg ldNg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . To;df klg nfu"cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf] kl/efiff v08 -bkmf #_ df g} dgf]l2ks kbfy{ -;fOsf]6«lks;A:6fG;_ nfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf] kl/efiffleq /flvPsf]cj:yfdf ldlt @)%!.@.@ df g]kfn ;/sf/n]k|sfzg u/]sf] ;"rgf -g]kfn /fhkq, v08 $$,;+Vof %, efu #_ n] Lysergide, methaquolone,Buprenorphine ;d]tnfO{ pschycotropicssubstances cGtu{t g/fvL nfu" cf}ifwL cGtu{t/fv]sf] eGg] dfq} cfwf/df To;nfO{ ;d]t ;+ljwfg;FuaflemPsf] egL k/]sf] k|:t't lgj]bg lhls/;Fu ;xdtx'g ;lsPg . t;y{ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g]7x5{ . bfo/Lsf] nut s6[f u/L ldl;nx¿lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO{lbg" .pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .Gof=uf}/L 9sfnGof=k|sfz j:tLOlt ;+jt\ @)^% kmfu'g @( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ ==Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnf

lg0f{o g+= *)^(lg0f{o g+= *)^(lg0f{o g+= *)^(lg0f{o g+= *)^(lg0f{o g+= *)^( h]7 @)^^

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdLdfggLo GofofwLz >L an/fd s]=;L=dfggLo GofofwLz >L tkaxfb'/ du/

kmf}=k'=O=g+== @!km};nf ldltM @)^%.!!.@@.%

d'2fM st{Jo Hofg .k'g/fj]bs jfbLM k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/

:yflktsf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/lj?4

ljkIfL k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsf lrsdF'un a:g] k'ik/TgeGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt ;d]t

z'? km};nf ug]{Mdf=lh=Gof=>L lji0f'k|;fb kf}8]n

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug{]Mdf=Gof=>L sf]dngfy zdf{df=Gof=>L v]d/fh zdf{

;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df=Gof=bLlnks'df/ kf}8]ndf=Gof= >L /fh]Gb|s'df/ e08f/L

§ 36gfsf ] sf/0fsf ?kdf k |:t 't36gfsf ] sf/0fsf ?kdf k |:t 't36gfsf ] sf/0fsf ?kdf k |:t 't36gfsf ] sf/0fsf ?kdf k |:t 't36gfsf ] sf/0fsf ?kdf k |:t 't

ul/Psf ] tYo cGo :jtGqul/Psf ] tYo cGo :jtGqul/Psf ] tYo cGo :jtGqul/Psf ] tYo cGo :jtGqul/Psf ] tYo cGo :jtGq

k|df0fx¿af6 klg k|dfl0ft ePaf6k|df0fx¿af6 klg k|dfl0ft ePaf6k|df0fx¿af6 klg k|dfl0ft ePaf6k|df0fx¿af6 klg k|dfl0ft ePaf6k|df0fx¿af6 klg k|dfl0ft ePaf6

;f] jofg :j]R5f k|lts"nsf] egL;f] jofg :j]R5f k|lts"nsf] egL;f] jofg :j]R5f k|lts"nsf] egL;f] jofg :j]R5f k|lts"nsf] egL;f] jofg :j]R5f k|lts"nsf] egL

cbfnt ;dIf bfjL lnFb}df To:tf]cbfnt ;dIf bfjL lnFb}df To:tf]cbfnt ;dIf bfjL lnFb}df To:tf]cbfnt ;dIf bfjL lnFb}df To:tf]cbfnt ;dIf bfjL lnFb}df To:tf]


186186186186186

jofgsf] k |fdfl0fs d"Nodf k|Zgjofgsf] k |fdfl0fs d"Nodf k|Zgjofgsf] k |fdfl0fs d"Nodf k|Zgjofgsf] k |fdfl0fs d"Nodf k|Zgjofgsf] k |fdfl0fs d"Nodf k|Zg

p7fpg gldNg] .p7fpg gldNg] .p7fpg gldNg] .p7fpg gldNg] .p7fpg gldNg] .-k|s/0f g+=$_

§ nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfn] aflx/af6nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfn] aflx/af6nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfn] aflx/af6nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfn] aflx/af6nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfn] aflx/af6

b]lvg] nfzsf] cj:yfsf] ;fdfGob]lvg] nfzsf] cj:yfsf] ;fdfGob]lvg] nfzsf] cj:yfsf] ;fdfGob]lvg] nfzsf] cj:yfsf] ;fdfGob]lvg] nfzsf] cj:yfsf] ;fdfGo

lrq0f dfq} ug]{ / To;/L d'r'Nsflrq0f dfq} ug]{ / To;/L d'r'Nsflrq0f dfq} ug]{ / To;/L d'r'Nsflrq0f dfq} ug]{ / To;/L d'r'Nsflrq0f dfq} ug]{ / To;/L d'r'Nsf

tof/ ubf { ljz]if1sf ] pkl:ylttof/ ubf { ljz]if1sf ] pkl:ylttof/ ubf { ljz]if1sf ] pkl:ylttof/ ubf { ljz]if1sf ] pkl:ylttof/ ubf { ljz]if1sf ] pkl:ylt

g/xg ] oyfy {tfnfO { klg lj; {gg/xg ] oyfy {tfnfO { klg lj; {gg/xg ] oyfy {tfnfO { klg lj; {gg/xg ] oyfy {tfnfO { klg lj; {gg/xg ] oyfy {tfnfO { klg lj; {g

gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .§ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf aflx/af6 x]bf {;fdfGo cj:yfdf aflx/af6 x]bf {;fdfGo cj:yfdf aflx/af6 x]bf {;fdfGo cj:yfdf aflx/af6 x]bf {;fdfGo cj:yfdf aflx/af6 x]bf {

gb]lvg] sltko 3fp, rf]6, bfu jfgb]lvg] sltko 3fp, rf]6, bfu jfgb]lvg] sltko 3fp, rf]6, bfu jfgb]lvg] sltko 3fp, rf]6, bfu jfgb]lvg] sltko 3fp, rf]6, bfu jf

lrGx zj k/LI f0 fsf qmddflrGx zj k/LI f0 fsf qmddflrGx zj k/LI f0 fsf qmddflrGx zj k/LI f0 fsf qmddflrGx zj k/LI f0 fsf qmddf

b]lvg'nfO{ cGoyf dfGg g;lsg] ,b]lvg'nfO{ cGoyf dfGg g;lsg] ,b]lvg'nfO{ cGoyf dfGg g;lsg] ,b]lvg'nfO{ cGoyf dfGg g;lsg] ,b]lvg'nfO{ cGoyf dfGg g;lsg] ,

lsgeg] zj k/LIf0f eg]sf] zjsf]lsgeg] zj k/LIf0f eg]sf] zjsf]lsgeg] zj k/LIf0f eg]sf] zjsf]lsgeg] zj k/LIf0f eg]sf] zjsf]lsgeg] zj k/LIf0f eg]sf] zjsf]

aflx/L tyf leqL ;Dk"0f{ cj:yfsfaflx/L tyf leqL ;Dk"0f{ cj:yfsfaflx/L tyf leqL ;Dk"0f{ cj:yfsfaflx/L tyf leqL ;Dk"0f{ cj:yfsfaflx/L tyf leqL ;Dk"0f{ cj:yfsf

;DaGwdf ljz]if1åf/f ul/g] ljz]if;DaGwdf ljz]if1åf/f ul/g] ljz]if;DaGwdf ljz]if1åf/f ul/g] ljz]if;DaGwdf ljz]if1åf/f ul/g] ljz]if;DaGwdf ljz]if1åf/f ul/g] ljz]if

cWoog, cg';Gwfgo 'Qm k/LIf0fcWoog, cg';Gwfgo 'Qm k/LIf0fcWoog, cg';Gwfgo 'Qm k/LIf0fcWoog, cg';Gwfgo 'Qm k/LIf0fcWoog, cg';Gwfgo 'Qm k/LIf0f

ePsfn] To:tf] k/LIf0faf6 zjdfePsfn] To:tf] k/LIf0faf6 zjdfePsfn] To:tf] k/LIf0faf6 zjdfePsfn] To:tf] k/LIf0faf6 zjdfePsfn] To:tf] k/LIf0faf6 zjdf

/x]sf d[To'cl3 -/x]sf d[To'cl3 -/x]sf d[To'cl3 -/x]sf d[To'cl3 -/x]sf d[To'cl3 -ante-mortem_ /_ /_ /_ /_ /d[To'kl5 -d[To'kl5 -d[To'kl5 -d[To'kl5 -d[To'kl5 -post-mortem_ sf ;a}_ sf ;a}_ sf ;a}_ sf ;a}_ sf ;a}

nIf0fx¿sf ] klxrfg ul/g] x ' FbfnIf0fx¿sf ] klxrfg ul/g] x ' FbfnIf0fx¿sf ] klxrfg ul/g] x ' FbfnIf0fx¿sf ] klxrfg ul/g] x ' FbfnIf0fx¿sf ] klxrfg ul/g] x ' Fbf

To:tf] k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] lrGxTo:tf] k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] lrGxTo:tf] k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] lrGxTo:tf] k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] lrGxTo:tf] k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] lrGx

nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf gb]lvPsf]nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf gb]lvPsf]nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf gb]lvPsf]nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf gb]lvPsf]nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf gb]lvPsf]

cj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ k|df0fsf aLrdfcj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ k|df0fsf aLrdfcj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ k|df0fsf aLrdfcj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ k|df0fsf aLrdfcj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ k|df0fsf aLrdf

tfbfTDotf g/x]sf] egL ;+1f lbgtfbfTDotf g/x]sf] egL ;+1f lbgtfbfTDotf g/x]sf] egL ;+1f lbgtfbfTDotf g/x]sf] egL ;+1f lbgtfbfTDotf g/x]sf] egL ;+1f lbggldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=&_k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{jf6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf

>L 7f]sk|;fb lzjfsf]6LljkIfL k|ltjfbLtkm{jf6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfåo

>L ;j{1/Tg t'nfw/ / >L xl/x/ bfxfn

tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >L ne d}gfnL,>L uLtf kf7s, ;+u|f}nf, >L ljZjk|sfze08f/L, >L lx/f /]UdL / >L ;Gts'df/aFf:sf]6f

cjnlDjt ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf (-@_-s_, !*§ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_

km};nf

Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLM k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)%$.#.@% sf] km};nfpk/ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ( adf]lhdjfbL÷k|ltjfbL b'a}tkm{sf] k'g/fj]bg k/L k]z x'Fbf;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf aLrdt}So x'g g;sL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhd o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo/ 7x/ o;k|sf/ 5 M

ldlt @)$(.(.@$ ut]b]lv d cfˆgf]3/df sfhlqmofdf /x]sf]n] ;fgLcfdf -gfgLzf]efpbf;_ nfO{ e]63f6 ug{ ;s]sf] lyOg . pgL g} dsxfF j]nf j]nfdf cfpFblyg\ . ldlt @)$(.(.@&sf lbg d cfˆgf] ckmL;df uPsf] cj:yfdfsf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@ sf j8f;b:o dfl0fs/Tg :yflktn] ltd|f] ;fgLdf b"wlng klg cfPsL 5}gg\, # lbg b]lv st} b]lvPsL5}gg\ . 9f]sf jGb 5 egL lghn] eg] kl5 lghj8f ;b:o / d u} x]bf{ 9f]sf aGb lyof] . lghj8f ;b:os} ;Nnfx cg';f/ k'ln;nfO{ vj/u/L k'ln; lnO{ pQm :yfgdf u} r's'n gnfu]sf]

187187187187187


9f]sf vf]nL x]bf{ lgh ;fgLcfdfnfO{ v'§fdf afFwLst{Jo u/L df/]sf] / ;DklQ rf]/L nu]sf] x'Fbfcg';Gwfg u/L sfg"gL sf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktsf] ldlt@)$(.(.@& sf] hfx]/L bvf{:t .

blIf0ftkm{ ;+s6f dlGb/sf] sDkfp08,pQ/tkm{ d[tssf] 3/, k"j{tkm{ sdn lrqsf/sf]3/, klZrdtkm{ rt'//Tgsf] 3/ olt $ lsNnfleq kg]{ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf 6]jxfn l:yt gfgLzf]efpbf;sf] 3/ /x]sf], pQm 3/sf] e'O{+ tNnfsf]klZrdtkm{sf] sf]7fsf] k"j{ k§Lsf] ufx|f]df @ lkm6kl/lwsf] Kjfn kf/]sf] / dflyNnf] tNnfdf cfO{x]bf{ em\ofn v'nf /x]sf], cf]5\ofg nyflnË ePsf],;f] :yfgdf gfgLzf]ef d[ts cj:yfdf /x]sf],l6gsf] jfS;f v'nf cj:yfdf /x]sf], k"hf ug]{7fpFdf d"lt{ gePsf], b'j} uf]8fsf] lkF8f}nfdf ;]tf]sk8fn] jfFw]sf], ;f]xL sk8fn] b'j} xft k5fl8nuL jfFlwPsf], nf; 3f]K6f] /x]sf] eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] ldlt @)$(.(.@& sf] 36gf:yn tyfnfz hfFr k|s[lt d'r'Nsf .

ldlt @)$(.(.@& df lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{nodf d[tssf ;DaGwdf dfl0fs/Tg :yflkttyf k'?iff]Qd l;qmfsf/n] 36gf ;DaGwdful/lbPsf] sfuh .

gfgLzf]ef / d]/f] 3/sf] b"/L ! ldg]6dfq k5{ . lghsf] lktfsf] d[To' & jif{ hlt cufl8ePsf] lyof] . lgh klt;Fu 5f]8kq u/L lktf;Fu}al:yg\ . lghnfO{ b"w lbg] sfd d}n] ub{y] . ldlt@)$(.(.!* ut] lt/ sfnf] j0f{sf] dfG5] cfO{g]jf/L efiffdf lgh;Fu df]xL hUufsf] lsgj]r;DaGwdf s'/fsfgL ubf{ lghsf] dgl:ylt l7s

gePsf]n] cflZjgL s'df/;Fu s'/f u/ eg]sf] lyPF .o;} qmddf #,$ lbg x'Fbf klg lgh b"w lnggcfPsf]n] xfdLx¿ lghsf] 3/df uof}+, 3/df9f]sf hf]l8Psf] t/ r's'n gnfu]sf]n] ;f]af6 leqk|j]z u/L x]bf{ l5F8Lsf] ;fFrf] ;d]t v'nf cj:yf/x]5 . sf]7fsf] ;fFrf] d ;Fu} ePklg sf]7f v'nf,uf/f] kmf]/]sf] cj:yf b]lv lghsf] d[To'sf] z+sfnfuL ;DalGwt k|x/L sfof{nodf hfx]/ u¥of}+ .k|x/L sd{rf/L ;d]t e} pQm :yfgdf hfFbf jfS;fdfef8f jt{g nyflnË k/]sf], d"lt{ ;d]t gePsf]cGo sfuhx¿ nyflnË cj:yfdf /x]sf], lghd[tssf] b'j} uf]8f tyf xft ;]tf] sk8fn] afFwLpQfgf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]drfefO{ dxh{gn] u/]sf] sfuh .

d]/f] >LdtLsf] gftf kg]{ ePsf]n] / lghd[tssf] sf]xL gePsf]n] d}n] ;do ;dodfx]/ljrf/ ug]{, slxn] sfxL+ s]xL vr{ lbg] ub{y]+ .ldlt @)$(.(.@& ut] lgh gfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jou/L df/]5g\ eGg] k'?iff]Qdn] eg]sfn] yfxf kfPsf]x'+ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] bL3{dfg >]i7sf] sfuh .

d[ts gfgLzf]ef d]/L ;fgLcfdf x'g\ .lghsf] lktfsf] &÷* jif{ cufl8 d[To' ePsf] /lghsf] klt;Fu klg ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]n] d}n]x]/rfx u/L cfPsf] lyPF . lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf]gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;Lsf] ^/f]kgL hUuf d]/f] gfpFdf gfd;f/L ug]{ sfo{eO/x]sf] lyof] . ;f] hUufsf] ;DaGwdf gSsnLlx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ -pbf;_ v8f u/L lx/fsfhL,/fds[i0f kf7s, gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL ;d]tn] gSsnLlx/fsfhL agL nfnk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk lgsfNg] sfd


188188188188188

u/]sf 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfO{ lghx¿;Fu ;f]wk'5ubf{ of] hUuf lx/fsfhLsf] xf] ltdLn] kfpFb}gf}egL /fds[i0f kf7s ;d]tn] eg]sf / gfgLjfj'n]ldnfkq u/f}+ ?=#,)),))).– -tLg nfv ?k}of_lbG5' eg]sf]n] ;f] /sd lnO{ hUufsf] bfjL5fl8lbPsf] x'F . kl5 pQm sLt]{ sfd u/]sf] s'/fyfxf kfPdf gfgLzf]ef pbf;af6 xfdL ;j}sf/jfxLdf kl/G5 egL xTof ug]{ if8oGq u/]sfxf}+ . ;f] adf]lhd drfefO{ dxh{g, /fds[i0f kf7s,xl/axfb'/ /fpt ;d]t eO{ gfgLzf]efsf] 3/dfuof}+ / lgh ePsf] sf]7fdf leQf kmf]8L k;Llx/fsfhLn] lgh d[tssf] d'vdf ?dfn sf]rL3fF6L c7\ofO{ df/L 3/lt/ uof}+ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/sf] jofg sfuh .

s'g} ef}lts lrhaf6 3fF6Ldf sDk|]zgx'g u} pTkGg Pkm]S;Lofn] d[To' ePsf] xf] eGg]ldlt @)$(.(.@( sf] kf]i6df6{d l/kf]6{ .

d / gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL e} sf7df8f}+ lhNnfl8NnLjhf/df n]vfk9L ;]G6/ vf]nL sfd ub{Yof}+ .kl5 gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL / /fds[i0f kf7sn] 5'§}kmd{ vf]nL j;] . sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;L uf=lj=;=j8f g+= * l:yt d]/f] hUuf glhs} lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] ^ /f]kgL hUuf ePsf]n] lghsf]xsjfnf sf] /x]5 egL j'em\b} hfFbf pQm hUufsf]xsjfnf gfgLzf]ef / k'ik/Tg /x]5g\ eGg] drfefO{dfkm{t yfxf x'g cfO{ lghn] d]/f] kmd{af6 hUufsf]gfd;f/L sfo{ ug{ dfnkf]t sfof{no hfFbf pQmhUufsf] hUufwgL lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/n] k|ltlnlkptf/sf nflu lgj]bg lbPsf] 5 eg]af6 ;f]hUufsf] sf/jfxL sLt]{ /x]5 eGg] yfxf kfO{gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL, /fds[i0f kf7s, lx/fsfhL

l;qmfsf/, 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/ ;d]t;Fu s'/f x'FbfpQm hUuf laqmL u/f}+, ;f] jfktsf] /sd ldnLlng] eGg] s'/f eO{ k'ik/Tgn] cfˆgf] xsbfjL5fl8lbP . hUufsf] ;DaGwdf pQm sf/jfxL ePsf]xf], t/ d[ts gfgLzf]efnfO{ dfg{ d uPsf] 5}geGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] xl/axfb'/ /fptsf] jofg .

@)$@ ;fndf lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf]d[To' ePkl5 lghsf] gfdsf] wfkf;L uf=lj=;=sf]^ /f]kgL hUufdf gSsnL lx/fsfhL v8f u/Lj]rljvg u/f}+ egL /fds[i0f kf7sn] eg]sfn]6]jxfn 3/ x'g] lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ tyf lghsf]gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq lnO{ /fds[i0f kf7s /gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sLnfO{ lbO{ sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@ af6 l;kmfl/;;d]t jgfO{ /fds[i0f kf7snfO{ lbPF . pQm sfo{xl/axfb'/ /fptsf] n kmd{af6 ePsf] xf] eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] jofgsfuh .

d[ts gfgLzf]efsf] lktf lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] ldlt @)$@ ;fndf d[To' ePsf] xf] .1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/n] d]/f] 3/df cfO{ ltd|f] /d[ts lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] gfd ldNg] ePsf]x'Fbf lgh d[ts lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] gfdsf]hUuf sLt]{ u/L j]r ljvg u/f}+ egL /fds[i0fkf7s / gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL ;d]t eO{ xfdLx¿s}ldnf]dtf]af6 pQm hUufsf] nfnk"hf{ kfpFm egLlgj]bg lbPsf] / xl/axfb'/ /fptsf] n kmd{af6k'ik/Tg :yflktn] pQm hUuf cfˆgf] gfpFdfgfd;f/L ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] x'Fbf pQm sfo{ sLt]{u/]sf] /x]5 eGg] yfxf eof] . b'j} kIf ldnf]dtf]u/L pQm hUufsf] hUufwgL k|df0f k"hf{ k|ltlnlk

189189189189189


k|fKt u/L ldlt @)$(.!.@! df 5'g'dfof kf7s;d]tnfO{ js; u/L lbPsf] xf] . /fds[i0f kf7sn]?=@),))).– lbP, d gSsnL lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/agL pQm sfo{ u/]sf] x'F . gfgLzf]ef pbf;nfO{st{Jo u/L dfg{ d uPsf] xf]Og, df/]sf] klgxf]Og eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lx/fsfhLsf] jofgsfuh .

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf rf/vfndf n]vfk9L;]G6/df cfh eGbf @ jif{ klxnf b]lv j;L n]vfk9Lub}{ cfPsf] 5' . gSsnL lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ jgfO{sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;L j8f g+= * sf] hUufldnf]dtf]af6 laqmL ug]{ sfo{df d ;d]t ;xefuL/x]sf] 5' . t/ lgh d[ts gfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jou/L dfg]{ sfo{df d uPsf] lyO{g eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] /fds[i0f kf7ssf] jofg sfuh .

@)$# ;fndf clestf{sf] k|df0f kq lnO{kl/lrt n kmd{ vf]nL ;~rfng u/L cfPsf] x'F .lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] hUuf ;DaGwdf sLt]{ u/LgSsnL lx/fsfhL v8f u/L hUuf gfd;f/L ug{lgj]bg n]vfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{nodf gfd;f/L;DaGwL sf/jfxL ePsf] / xl/axfb'/sf] n kmd{af6k'ik/Tgn] gfd;f/L ug]{ sfo{ u/]af6 xfdLx¿sfaLr ldnf]dtf] e} ?=# nfv k'ik/TgnfO{ lbO{ pQmhUuf ldlt @)$(.!.@! ut] d]/f] >ldtL gfgLd}ofj'9fyf]sLnfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf laqmL u/L lbPsf] xf] .gfgLzf]efnfO{ dfg]{ sfo{df s'g} if8oGq u/]sf]5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sLsf]jofg sfuh .

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf rf/vfndf ls/fgf k;nePsf] sf/0f d]/f] xl/axfb'/;Fu lrghfg ePsf]xf] . gfgLzf]ef pbf;sf] 3/sf] l58L tnf d}n]

pkef]u u/]sf] lyPF . ;do ;dodf d}n] pgnfO{b"w klg lbGy+] . pQm sf]7fsf] ;fFrf] d;Fu} x'G5 .;fFrf] s;}nfO{ lbPsf] 5}g . gfgLzf]efnfO{ dfg]{sfo{df d uPsf] xf]Og eGg] drfefO{ dxh{gsf]jofg sfuh .

drfefO{ dxh{g, gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL,xl/axfb'/ /fpt, lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ /cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt ;d]tn] gfgLzf]ef pbf;sf]lktfsf] gfddf btf{ /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;Lj8f g+= * -v_ sf] hUuf sLt]{ u/L laqmL u/]sf]dfpQm ck/fw gfgLzf]efn] yfxf kfO{ c•f cbfntdfph"/ ul5{g\ eGg] 8/, qf;n] gfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jou/L df/]sf x'g\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ;h{ldgd'r'Nsf .

k|:t't d'2fdf ;+nUg ePsf sfuhftcWoogjf6 k|ltjfbL dWo]sf k'ik/Tg eGg]cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt, lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/n]gfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jo u/L df/]sf]n] lghx¿nfO{d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhdtyf 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/, xl/axfb'/ /fpt,/fds[i0f kf7s, drfefO{ dxh{g / gfgLjfj'j'9fyf]sLn] lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ -pbf;_ sf] hUufsLt]{ u/L u/fO{ ;'qmL laqmL u/fPsf] s'/f yfxfkfO{ph"/ uln{g\ eGg] 8/n] lgh d[ts gfgL zf]efnfO{xTof ug]{ if8oGq u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] d'n'sL P]g,Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !^ g+= cg';f/sf] s;"/u/]sf] b]lvFbf ;f] cg';f/ g} ;hfo x'g' kg]{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no sf7df8f}+sf]/fo .

cg';Gwfgaf6 ;+slnt sfuhft Pj+k|df0fsf cfwf/df d[ts gfgLzf]ef -pbf;_ sf]


190190190190190

xTof u/]sf] b]lvPsf] xTof ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUgcflZjgs'df/ :yflkt, lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ pk/Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhd tyflgh gfgLzf]efnfO{ dfg]{ of]hgf tyf if8oGq ug]{gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL, xl/axfb'/ /fpt, /fds[i0fkf7s, 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/, drfefO{ dxh{g pk/;f]xL dxnsf] !^ g+= cg';f/sf] ;hfo x'g' kg]{dfu bfjL ;lxt hgf & nfO{ o;} ;fy k|:t'tul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cleof]u–kq .

lhNnf ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{no tyf k|x/L;dIf u/]sf] jofg d]/f] v';L/fhLaf6 ePsf]xf]Og . lghsf] 8/qf;df k/L sfuhdf ;lx5fku/]sf] x'F . pQm sfo{ ubf{ dnfO{ zfl//Ls tyfdfgl;s oftgf ;d]t lbOPsf] xf] . d[tsgfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jo u/L xTof u/] u/fPsf] 5}geGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cflZjgs'df/sf] sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntdf ePsf] jofg .

wfkf;Lsf] hUuf gfd;f/L ug{ egLcflZjgs'df/ :yflkt d]/f] kmd{df cfPsfn] ;f];DaGwL lgj]bg ;Dd n]lv lbPsf] x'F . gfgLzf]efsf]d[To' ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f yfxf 5}g eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] xl/axfb'/sf] cbfntdf ePsf] jofg .

lrghfgsf] gftfn] l8NnLjhf/ l:yt/fds[i0f kf7ssf] kmd{df lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/nfO{k'¥ofOlbPsf];Dd xf] . hUuf gfd;f/L ug]{ u/fpg];DaGwdf s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] xf]Og, gfgLzf]efsf]d[To' ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f yfxf 5}g, cleof]ucg';f/sf] s;"/ d}n] u/]sf] xf]Og eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] jofg .

d}n] s'g} sLt]{ sfo{ u/]sf] 5}g . d'2fdf;fIfL j:g egL d uPsf] / ljleGg sfuhdf

;lx5fk u/fOPsf] xf] . gfd;f/L ;DaGwdf s'g}sfd u/]sf] 5}g . gfgLzf]efsf] d[To' ;DaGwdfs'g} s'/f yfxf 5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] / drfefO{ dxh{gsf] Ps} ldnfgsf]jofg .

d}n] s'g} lsl;dsf] Hofg dfg]{ tyf dfg{nufpg] sfo{ u/] u/fPsf] 5}g, cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd dnfO{ ;hfo x'g' kg]{ xf]Og eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sLsf] jofg .

k|ltjfbLsf ;fIfLx¿ tyf ;h{ldgsfdflg;x¿sf] 36gf ePsf] xf], sf] af6 xTof eof]ls6fgL eGg ;lsFb}g, sfuhkq sLt]{ u/]sf] eGg];'g]sf xf}+ eGg] ;d]t Ps} ldnfgsf] cbfntdfePsf] jofg .

gfgLzf]ef pbf;sf] d[To' s'g} ef}ltslrhaf6 3fF6L sDk|];g x'g uO{ d[To' ePsf] xf]eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] kf]i6df6{d ug]{ 8f= ljhonfn>]i7sf] cbfntdf ePsf] jskq .

gfgL zf]efnfO{ st{Jo u/L Hofg df/]sf]cleof]u k|dfl0ft ePsf k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/nfO{d'n'sL P]g Hofg;DaGwLsf] !#-#_ g+= cg';f/;j{:j;lxt hGds}b / cGo k|ltjfbL pk/ cleof]uk|dfl0ft x'g g;s]sf]n] ;kmfO{ kfpg] 7x5{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] ldlt @)%!.!.!# sf] sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf .

j/fdbL d'r'NsfnfO{ km};nfn] dxTjk"0f{k|df0f lnPsf], pQm d'r'Nsf k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf]bkmf @% cg';f/sf] geO{ bkmf @& adf]lhd d]/f]lgbf]{liftf k|dfl0ft ug{ kof{Kt / ;Ifd 5, t;y{k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf (-@_ @%, %$ Pj+d'n'sL P]g c=j+= !*$ -s_ sf] ljkl/t kmf}hbf/L

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Gofosf ;j{dfGo l;4fGt / ;Ddflgt cbfntaf6k|ltkflbt l;4fGt k|lts"n ePsf]n] pQm km};nfab/ u/L k"0f{ ;kmfO{ kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL, xl/axfb'/ /fpt,1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/, drfefO{ dxh{g / /fds[i0fkf7s ;d]tn] lgh d[ts gfgLzf]efnfO{ dfg]{sfo{df of]hgf agfPsf], if8oGq u/]sf] k|i6 x'Fbfx'Fb};kmfO{ kfpg] u/L u/]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf ab/ u/L Hofg;DaGwLsf] !^ g+= adf]lhd;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] >L % sf];/sf/sf]tkm{af6 k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

z'? km};nfdf k|ToIf sfg"gL q'l6 ePsf]/ km};nf ;d]t km/s kg]{ x'Fbf c=j+= @)@ g+=adf]lhd ljkIfL lemsfpg' eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%!.*.!# sf]cfb]z .

36gf:yn nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdfk|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/sf] jofg;Fu d]n vfg gcfO{km/s km/s /x ]sf ] cj:yf ;d ]tdfclZjlgs'df/nfO{ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_g+= adf]lhd ;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfcbfntsf] km};nf gldnL pN6L x'g] 7x5{ . k|ltjfbL/fds[i0f kf7s ;d]tsf] xsdf ;/sf/L kIfaf6k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg lhls/ k'Ug ;Sb}g, lghx¿n];kmfO{ kfpg] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)%$.#.@% sf] km};nf .

36gf:yn nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsf / k|ltjfbLcflZjgs'df/sf] jofg d]n vfg gcfO{ km/skm/s /x]sf] eGg] cfTdlgi6 tj/af6 xr'jfsf]e/df ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ab/

efuL x'Fbf ab/ ul/kfpFm ;fy} cGo k|ltjfbLx¿sfxsdf ;/sf/L kIfaf6 k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg lhls/k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] ;d]t pNn]v ePsf] km};nfdfGoflos dgsf] ;j{yf cefj 5 . of] olt sf/0fn]k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;hfo x'g' kg]{ egL ;lj:tf/ul/Psf] k'g/fj]bg lhls/ s] slt sf/0fn] k'Ugg;Sg] xf] To;sf] ;lj:tf/ jofg gu/L ul/Psf]km};nf ab/ ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] g]kfn;/sf/sftkm{af6 o; cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgkq .

df}sfsf] 36gf:yn tyf nfz k|s[ltd'r'Nsf Pj+ nfz hfFrsf] k|ltj]bg ;d]tsf ldl;n;+nUg k|df0faf6 d[tssf] d[To' :jfefljs ge}st{Joaf6} ePsf] eGg] b]lvO/x]sf] l:yltdf z'?sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntn] k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhd ;hfoug]{ u/]sf] km};nf pN6L x'g] u/L u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfntsf] km};nf gldnL km/s kg{ ;Sg] b]lvFbfc=j+= @)@ g+= adf]lhd ljkIfL lemsfO{ lgodfg';f/k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfntsf]ldlt @)^).*.@( sf] cfb]z .

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;L uf=lj=;=sf] ls=g+=#$ ;d]tsf u/L hDdf ^ /f ]kgL hUufgfgLzf ]efnfO { yfxf glbO{ oL k|ltjfbLcflZjgs'df/n] cGo k|ltjfbL /fds[i0f kf7s;d]t;Fuaf6 ?=# nfv lnO{ cfkm"n] xsbfjL 5f8]sf],d[ts gfgLzf]ef jfx]s pSTf hUufsf] xsjfnfc? sf]xL gePsf], gfgLzf]efn] yfxf kfPdfcfkm"nfO{ sLt]{df sf/jfxL x'g] / ?k}of ;d]tlkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{ 8/n] cfˆgL ;fgLcfdf gfgLzf]efpbf;nfO{ oL k|ltjfbL k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/


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:yflktn] st{Jo u/L df/]sf] b]lvG5 . clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/L;dIfsf] lghsf] ;fljtL jofgnfO{ cGoyfk|df0fn] k'li6 u/]sf] cbfntdf ePsf] lghsf]OGsf/L jofgnfO{ cGo s'g} k|df0fn] k'li6 ug{g;s]s]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] cbfntdf ePsf]OGsf/L jofgnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] ePg .clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf cfk'mnfO{ s'6lk6u/L ;fljtL u/fOPsf] eGg] lghsf] egfO{ /x]sf]/ k|x/Ldf s'6lk6 u/]sf] egL ;Fu} y'gfdf /x]sfeg]sf Zofd jnfdLn] tLg tnf dfly s'6]sf]cfjfh ;'g]sf] eg]klg lghnfO{ 3fp hfFr ug]{8f= clgn >]i7n] cbfntdf cfO{ jskq ubf{ljdf/Ln] b'j} k}tfnf b'V5 eGYof] . d}n] hfFr ubf{To; 7fp+df s'g} k|sf/sf] ;'lgPsf] tyf 3fpx¿b]lvg egL jskq u/]sf] b]lvFbf k|x/Ldf cfk'mnfO{s'6lk6 u/]sf] eGg] k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/:yflktsf] egfO{ 3fp s]z kmf/d / s]; kmf/dubf{ hfFr ug]{ 8fS6/sf] jskqjf6 vl08t ePsf]b]lvFbf lghsf] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf ePsf]jofgnfO{ s'6lk6 u/L u/fOPsf] ;fljtL eGg;lsb}g . t;y{ pko'{Qm k|df0f cfwf/af6 k|ltjfbLk'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktn] cfˆgL;fgLcfdf gfgLzf]ef pbf;nfO{ st{Jo u/L df/]sf]7x5{ . To;f] x' Fbf lghnfO{ cleof]u dfubfjLadf]lhd d'n'sL P]g Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]!#-#_ g+= adf]lhd ;j{:j;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfox'G5 . oL k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{lbg] 7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)%$.#.@% sf] km};nf pN6L x'G5 . z'? sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)%!.!@.@@ sf] km};nf;b/ x'G5 .

ca, cGo k|ltjfbLx¿ xl/axfb'/ /fpt,1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/, lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/, /fd[si0fkf7s, drfefO{ dxh{g / gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sLsf]xsdf ljrf/ ubf{, pko'{Qm ̂ hgf k|ltjfbLx¿n]clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf jofg ubf{ s;"/dfOGsf/ /xL jofg u/]sf], ;fy} cbfntdf cfO{jofg ubf{ klg cleof]udf OGsf/ /xL jofgu/]sf] b]lvG5 . lghx¿af6 jf/bftdf k|of]uul/Psf] eGg] s'g} bzL k|df0f k|fKt x'g ;s]sf]kfO{b}g . k|ToIf b]Vg] s'g} ;fIfL k|df0f klg b]lvFb}g .s]jn k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/n] clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/L ;dIf jofg ubf{ oL k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]te} cfk"mn] gfgLzf]ef pbf;nfO{ df/]sf] egL kf]nu/]sf] eP klg lgh ;x–cleo'Qmsf] kf]nnfO{;dy{g x'g] cGo s'g} k|df0f cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g .cGo s'g} k|df0fn] ;dyg{ gu/]sf] cj:yfdf s]jn;x–cleo'Qmsf] kf]nsf] cfwf/df dfq Hofg h:tf]ulDe/ ck/fwdf z+sfsf] e/df oL k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{;hfo ug{ ldNg] b]lvPg . ;fy} z+sfsf] ;'ljwfcleo'Qmn] kfpF5 eGg] kmf}Hbf/L sfg"gsf] ;j{dfGol;4fGt ;d]tn] klg s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofpg ldNg]ePg . t;y{ oL k|ltjfbLx¿ lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/,1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/, drfefO{ dxh{g, xl/axfb'//fpt, /fds[i0f kf7s, gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sLn]cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpg] 7x/ u/]sf] sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)%!.@.@@ sf] km};nf;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)%$.#.@% sf] km};nf ;f] xb;Dd ;b/ x'G5 .k|ltjfbL k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktnfO{klg cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ x'g'k5{ eGg] ;xof]uLdfggLo GofofwLz >L /fh]Gb|s'df/ e08f/Lsf]

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/fo;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsPsf]n] ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhdlg0f{ofy{ k"0f{ Ohnf;df k]z ug'{ eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLz>L lbnLks'df/ kf}8]nsf] /fo .

oL k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/n] st{Jo u/LgfgLzf]efnfO{ df/]sf] eGg] k'li6 x'Fb}g . s]anclwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf ePsf] lghsf]jofgnfO{ cGo k|df0fn] ;dy{g gu/]sf] cj:yfdfdfq z+sfsf] e/df Hofg h:tf] ck/fwdf s;"/bf/3f]lift u/L ;hfo ug{ ldNb}g . kmf}hbf/L d'2fdfz+sfsf] ;'ljwf cleo'Qmn] kfpF5 eGg] ;j{dfGol;4fGt ;d]taf6 Hofg;DaGwLsf] !#-#_ g+=adf]lhd ;hfo ul/kfpFm eGg] jfbL >L % sf];/sf/sf] cleof]u bfjL k'Ug ;Sb}g, ;kmfO{ kfpg]7x5{ . To;f]x'Fbf lghnfO{ cleof]u bfjL adf]lhd;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]ldlt @)%!.!@.@@ sf] km};nf pN6L u/L cleof]ubfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ lbg] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] ldlt @)%$.#.@% sf] km};nf ;b/ x'G5 .

cGo k|ltjfbLx¿sf] xsdf ljrf/ ubf{,oL k|ltjfbLx¿n] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf /cbfntdf jofg ubf{ s;"/df OGsf/ /xL jofgu/]sf] b]lvG5 . oL k|ltjfbLaf6 s'g} bzL k|df0fkm]nf k/]sf] b]lvFb}g . d[ts;Fu oL k|ltjfbLx¿sf]s'g} k"j{ l/;Olj /x]sf] klg b]lvFb}g . ;fy}gfgLzf]efnfO{ df/]sf] eGg] 7f]; ;j"b k|df0f klgkfO{b}g . k|ltjfbL dWo]sf gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sLnfO{k |ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/n] kf ]n ubf{ klggfgLzf]efnfO{ dfg]{ if8oGqsf] jf/]df gfgLjfj'j'9fyf]sLnfO{ klg yfxf x'g' k5{ egL z+sf;Dd

b]vfO{ jofg u/]sf] kfOG5 . k|ltjfbL k'ik/TgeGg] cflZjgs'df/n] cGo k|ltjfbLx¿n] klgd[tsnfO{ dfg{df ;xof]u u/]sf x'g\ egLclwsf/k|fKt clwsf/;dIf jofg ubf{ kf]n u/]sf]kfOG5 . lghsf] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIfePsf] ;fljtL jofgnfO{ cGo k|df0fn] ;dy{ggu/]sf] egL lghn] ;d]t cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{kfpg] x7/ ePsf] cj:yfdf lghn] kf]n u/]sf oLk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ lghs} egfO{s} cfwf/df s;"/bf/7x/ ug{ ldNb}g .

t;y{ d[tssf] sf]7fdf /x]sf] d"lt{ ;d]tsfwgdfn x/fPsf] cj:yfdf wgdfn rf]g{s} nflu3/df ;'t]sL Psn dlxnf oL k|ltjfbL jfx]ssfJolQmn] klg dfg{ ;Sg] z+sfsf] cj:yf 36gf:ynk|s[lt d'r'Nsfaf6 b]lvPsf] / oL k|ltjfbLn] o;/Ldf/] jf dfg{df ;xof]u u/] eGg] s'g} k|ToIf k|df0fgcfO{ z+sf;Dd b]vfOPsf] cj:yfdf z+sfsf];'ljwf cleo'Qmn] kfpg] eGg] kmf}Hbf/L sfg"gsf];j{dfGo l;4fGt /x]sf] x'Fbf ;x–cleo'Qmsf]kf]nnfO{ cGo k|df0fn] ;dy{g u/]sf] gb]lvFbfk|ltjfbLx¿ lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/, 1fgsfhLl;qmfsf/, /fds[i0f kf7s, xl/axfb'/ /fpt,drfefO{ dxh{gn] cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ kfpg]b]lvG5 . t;y{ oL k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;kmfO{ lbg]7x/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)%$.#.@%.$ sf] km};nf ;b/ x'G5 . k|ltjfbLcflZjgs'df/ :yflktnfO{ ;Dd s;"/bf/ 7x/u/]sf] ;xof]uL dfggLo GofofwLz >L lbnLks'df/kf}8]nsf] /fo;Fu ;xdt x'g g;lsPsf] x'Fbf ;jf]{{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-!_-s_adf]lhd k|:t't d'2f k"0f{ Ohnf; ;dIf k]z ug'{


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eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] dfggLo GofofwLz >L/fh]Gb|s'df/ e08f/Lsf] /fo ;lxtsf] o; cbfnt;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^@.@.@) sf] cfb]z .

lgodadf]lhd b}lgs k]zL;"rLdf r9LOhnf; ;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdflg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/:yflkt -o;kl5 cflZjgs'df/ elgPsf]_ :jo+n]cfkm\gL ;fgLcfdf gfgLzf]efnfO{ v'§fdf afFwLst{Jo u/L df/]sf]n] cfjZos sf/jfxL ul/kfpFmegL lbPsf] hfx]/Laf6 k|:t't d'2fsf] p7fg ePsf]b]lvG5 . clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIfsf] jofgsfqmddf lgh hfx]/jfnf cflZjgs'df/ cfkm" ;d]te} gfgLzf]efsf] st{Jo u/L df/]sf] s'/fdf ;fljtePsf] b]lvG5 eg] cGo k|ltjfbLx¿n] OGsf/Ljofg lbPsf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/sf]pQm jofg Joxf]/f tyf ;f] jofgdf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf cGo tYox¿nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ lghk|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/ / csf{ k|ltjfbL lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/ pk/ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-#_ g+=adf]lhd / cGo k|ltjfbLx¿ gfgLafa' a'9fyf]sL,xl/axfb'/ /fpt, /fds[i0f kf7s, 1fgsfhLl;qmfsf/, drfefO{ dxh{g pk/ P]= !^ g+= adf]lhd;hfosf] dfubfjL lnO{ cleof]ukq bfo/ ePsf]dfcbfnt;dIfsf] jofgdf eg] ;a} k|ltjfbLx¿n]OGsf/L jofg lbPsf] cj:yf 5 . z'? sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntaf6 k | ltjfbL dWo ]sfcflZjgs'df/nfO{ cleof]u bfjL adf]lhd ;hfox'g] / cGo k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;kmfO lbg] 7x/Lkm};nf eP pk/ k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/sf] / jfbLg]kfn ;/sf/sftkm{af6 5'6[f5'6[} k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]dfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gaf6 k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/

:yflktnfO{ ;d]t ;kmfO lbg] 7x¥ofO{ km};nf ePsf]b ] lvG5 . ;f ] km };nf pk/ jfbL g ]kfn;/sf/sftkm{af6 o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgk/]sf]df o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLoGofofwLzx¿sf aLr k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/nfO{s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofpg] jf ;kmfO lbg] eGg] s'/fdfdt}So x'g g;sL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnLsf]lgod #-!_-s_ adf]lhd k|:t't d'2f o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] cj:yf 5 .

Ohnf; ;dIf k]z e} ;'g'jfO x'Fbfk'g/fj]bs jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg ;x–GofoflwjQmf >L 7f]sk|;fb lzjfsf]6Ln]d[ts gfgLzf]efsf] lktf lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf]gfddf /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;L j8f g+= *-v_ ls=g+= #$ ;d]tsf hUufx¿df k|ltjfbLcflZjgs'df/sf] k"0f{ xs clwsf/ :yflkt gePsf]sf/0faf6 tL hUufx¿df k"0f{ xs k|flKtsf nflug} oL k|ltjfbLx¿ ldnL gSsnL lx/fsfhL v8fu/L js;kq kf/Lt ul/lnPsf] / ;f] s'/f jf:tljsxsjfnf gfgLzf]efnfO{ yfxf ePsf] cj:yfdfcfk"mx¿nfO{ ;hfo x'g] b]vL k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/;d]t e} gfgLzf]efsf] 3fF6L lyrL sk8fn] 3fF6LafFwL df/]sf] eGg] s'/f lgh k|ltjfbLsf] clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/L ;dIfsf] jofgaf6 k'li6 e}/x]sf] 5 .clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf jofg x'Fbf lghnfO{s'g} lsl;dsf] bjfj lbOPsf] lyPg eGg] s'/fljz]if1sf] jskqaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . lghk|ltjfbLsf] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIfsf] jofg/ j:t'l:ylt d'r'NsfaLrdf ;fd~h:otf b]lvPsf]/ sLt]{ sfo{nfO{ n'sfpg / To;af6 aRgsf nfluxTof ul/Psf] eGg] :ki6 ePsf] cj:yfdf

195195195195195


36gf:ynaf6 d[tssf s] s'g sfuhft nluof] /s] s:tf sfuhft 5fl8of] eGg] s'/fn] 36gfnfO{cGoyf 7x¥ofpg ;lsg] x'Fb}g, t;y{ ;+o'QmOhnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLz >L lbnLks'df/kf}8]nsf] /fo ;b/ x'g' k5{ egL jx; lhls/k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . k|ltjfbLx¿tkm{af6pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfx¿ >L ;j{1/Tgt'nfw/ / >L xl/x/ bfxfn tyf ljåfg clwjQmfx¿>L ne d}gfnL, >L lutf kf7s ;+u|f}nf, >LljZjk|sfz e08f/L, >L lx/f /]UdL / >L ;Gts'df/jf:sf]6fn] 36gf:yn, nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsf /cleo'Qmsf] jofgnfO{ t'ngf u/]/ cWoog ug]{ xf]eg] ;a} tYo 5n{+u x'G5, gfgLzf]efsf] 3/af6rf]/L ePsf] eGg] s'/f 36gf:yn d'r'Nsfaf6 g}b]lvG5 . ljz]if1sf] jskqaf6 xftn] 3fF6Ldfc+7\ofP/ df/]sf] xf]Og eGg] b]lvG5, t/ cleo'Qmsf]clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf ePsf] jofgdf xftn]3fF6L lyrL df/]sf] eGg] pNn]v 5 . To;/LjofgnfO{ cGo k|df0fn] ;dy{g gu/]sf] cj:yfdfclwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIfsf] ;fljtL jofgnfO{cfwf/ agfP/ s;"/bf/ 7x¥ofpg ldNb}g, oftgflbP/ jofg u/fOPsf] eGg] s'/f klg ;fIfLsf]jskqaf6 b]lvPsf] 5, k|ltjfbLx¿n] gfgLzf]efnfO{df/]sf] eGg] s'/f st}af6 b]lvFb}g, 36gfsf af/]dfb]Vg] s'g} k|ToIfbzL{ ;fIfL 5}gg\ . k|ltjfbL gfgLjfj'j'9fyf]sLnfO{ kf]n ubf{ k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/sf]jofg ;lsPkl5 cGtdf gfgLzf]efnfO{ dfg]{if8oGqsf] af/]df gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sLnfO{ klg yfxfx'g' k5{ eGg] jfSo ykL gfgLjfj'nfO{ klg d'2frnfpg] p2]Zo /flvPsf] eGg] :ki6 ?kdf b]lvG5 .o;/L cflZjgs'df/sf] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L

;dIf ePsf] jofg :j]R5fn] gePsf] / cGo s'g}k |df0faf6 k |dfl0ft gePsf ] cj:yfdfk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ lbg]7x¥ofPsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLz>L /fh]Gb|s'df/ e08f/Lsf] /fo ;b/ x'g'kb{5egL jx; lhls/ k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] plNnlvtax; lhls/ ;'gL ;dofefjsf sf/0faf6 lg0f{o;'gfpgsf nflu cfhsf] tf/]v tf]lsPsf] k|:t'td'2fdf ljBdfg /x]sf] tYo, ;f] ;DaGwL sfg"gLJoj:yf / ;+o'Qm Ohnf;df dt}So x'g g;s]sfljifox¿ ;d]tsf ;Gbe{df ljrf/ ubf{ o;Ohnf;af6 d"ntM b]xfosf k|Zgx¿sf] lg?k0ful/g' kg]{ cj:yf b]lvG5 M!= d[ts gfgLzf]efsf] d[To'sf] sf/0f tyf 36gf:yn/ nfzsf] k|s[lt cg'¿ksf] 36gfsf] sf/0f ljBdfgb]lvG5 jf b]lvFb}g <@= 36gfsf] sf/0f / k|ltjfbLx¿sf] sfo{sf aLrdfs'g} tfbfTDotf 5 of 5}g < olb 5 eg] k|ltjfbL dWo]sf] s;sf] s] s'g sfo{ 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvG5< / ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf] /fodWo] s'g /fo dgfl;j 7xg]{ xf]<@= ;j{k|yd klxnf] k|Zgdf ljrf/ ubf{ d[tsgfgLzf]efsf] d[To'sf] sf/0f s'g} ef}lts lrhaf63fF6Ldf sDk|]zg x'g uO{ ePsf] :km]S;Lof -Deathis due to Asphyxia Because of Physical

Compression in neck) /x]sf] eGg] zj k/LIf0fk|ltj]bgaf6 b]lvG5 . ljz]if1sf] plNnlvt /fonfO{;dy{g ug]{ cGo k|df0fx¿sf] ljBdfgtftkm{ ljrf/ubf{ d[ts nfzsf] k|s[ltdf b'a} uf]8fsf] lkF8f}nfdf;]tf] sk8fn] afFw]sf], ;f]xL sk8fn] b'a} xft k5fl8


196196196196196

nuL afFlwPsf], nf; 3f]K6f] /x]sf], d'vdf ?dfnsf]lrPsf] / ;f] ?dfndf /ut ;d]t nfu]sf] eGg]s'/f nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}u/L36gf:yn k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf gfgLzf]ef pbf;sf]3/sf] e'O{+ tNnfsf] klZrdtkm{sf] sf]7fsf] k"j{k§Lsf] ufx|f]df @ lkm6 kl/lwsf] Kjfn kf/]sf] /dflyNnf] tNnfdf x]bf{ em\ofn v'nf /x]sf], cf]5\ofgnyflnË ePsf], ;f] :yfgdf gfgLzf]ef d[tscj:yfdf /x]sf], l6gsf] jfS;f v'nf cj:yfdf/x]sf], k"hf ug]{ 7fpFdf d"lt{ gePsf] egL36gf:ynsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] cj:yf 5 . nfz /36gf:ynsf] cj:yf bzf{pg] plNnlvt tYodfljjfb g/x]sf] / tL tYox¿n] gfgLzf]ef pbf;nfO{xft uf]8fdf sk8fn] afFwL xnrn ug{ g;Sg]cj:yfdf k'¥ofO{ d'vdf ?dfn sf]rL 3fF6L lyrLZjf; k|Zjf; ca?4 t'NofO{ cyf{t\ Asphyxia sf]cj:yf l;h{gf u/L ul/Psf] eGg] s'/f lglj{jfb?kdf k'li6 x'g uPsf] 5 .

#= Psflt/ d[tsnfO{ xft uf]8fdfsk8fn] afFwL 3f]K6f] kf/L 3fF6L lyrL xTof ul/Psf]eGg] b]lvG5 eg] csf]{tkm{ 3/sf] uf/f] -kvf{n_ dfdflg; l5g{ ldNg] Kjfn kfl/Psf], d[tssf] ;'Tg]sf]7fdf ljR5\of}gf nyfln+u cj:yfdf /x]sf], l6gsf]afS;f v'Nnf /x]sf], sfuhftx¿ oqtq 5l/Psf]cj:yf klg b]lvPsf] 5 . 36gf:ynsf] k|s[ltaf6}d[tssf] sf]7fdf /x]sf dxTjk"0f{ sfuhkqx¿kQf nufpg] sf]lz; ul/Psf] eGg] tYo klg :yflktePsf] 5 . oL :yflkt tYox¿sf] ;fk]Iftfdf36gfsf] sf/0fsf ?kdf k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/n]clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf u/]sf] jofgnfO{x]g'{ ;fGble{s x'g] b]lvG5 . lghn] clwsf/k|fKt

clwsf/L ;dIf u/]sf] jofgdf lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfwfkf;L l:yt ^ /f]kgL hUuf cfkm\gf gfpFdfgfd;f/L ug]{ sfo{ eO{ /x]sf], ;f] hUufsf] ;DaGwdfgSsnL lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ -pbf;_ v8f u/Llx/fsfhL, /fds[i0f kf7s, gfgLjfj' j'9fyf]sL;d]tn] gSsnL lx/fsfhL agL nfnk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlklgsfNg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfO{ lghx¿;Fu;f]wk'5 ubf{ of] hUuf lx/fsfhLsf] xf], ltdLn]kfpFb}gf} egL /fds[i0f kf7s ;d]tn] eg]sf /gfgLjfj'n] ldnfkq u/f}+ ?=#,)),))).– -tLg nfv?k}of_ lbG5' eg]sf]n] ;f] /sd lnO{ hUufsf] bfjL5f8L lbPsf] x'F, kl5 pQm sLt]{ sfd u/]sf] s'/fyfxf kfPdf gfgLzf]ef pbf;af6 sf/jfxLdfkl/G5 egL xTof ug]{ if8oGq u/]sf xf}+, ;f] adf]lhddrfefO{ dxh{g, /fds[i0f kf7s, xl/axfb'/ /fpt;d]t eO{ gfgLzf]efsf] 3/df uof}+ / lgh ePsf]sf]7fdf leQf kmf]8L k;L lgh d[tssf] d'vdf?dfn sf]rL 3fF6L c7\ofO{ df/L 3/lt/ uof}+ eg]sf5g\ . o;af6 36gfsf] d'Vo sf/0fsf ?kdf k|:t'tul/Psf] gfgLzf]ef pbf;sf] xs nfUg] sf7df8f}+lhNnf wfkf;L * -v_ l:yt lsQf g+= #$ ;d]tsfhUufaf6 gfgLzf]efnfO{ j]bvn u/L ;f] hUufcGo JolQmx¿sf gfddf btf{ u/]sf] / ;f] lqmofsf;DaGwdf gfgLzf]efn] yfxf kfPdf cfkm"nfO{sf/jfxL x'g] e} To;af6 aRg gfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jou/L df/]sf] cj:yf b]lvG5 . clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIf 36gfsf] sf/0fsf] ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf]pQm ;fljtL jofgsf] k|fdfl0fs dxTjsf ;DaGwdfx]bf{ k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf (-@_-s_ n] kmf}hbf/Ld'2fdf s'g} cleo'Qmn] lghnfO{ nufOPsf]

197197197197197


cleof]usf] ;DaGwdf cbfnt afx]s cGoq JoQmu/]sf] s'/f cbfntn] b]xfo adf]lhd 7x/fPdfk|df0fdf lng x'G5 elgPsf] kfOG5 M!= ;f] s'/f JoQm ubf{ cleo'Qm ;r]t cj:yfdf /

cfkm"n] eg]sf] / u/]sf] s'/f a'em\g ;Sg]cj:yfdf lyof] .

@= lghnfO{ afWo u/L jf lgh jf c? s;}nfO{oftgf lbO{ jf oftgf lbg] wDsL lbO{ jflghnfO{ cfkm\gf] OR5f lj?4 ;f] s'/f JoQmug]{ l:yltdf kf/L ;f] s'/f JoQm u/]sf] xf]Og .

#= ;f] cleof]uaf/] s'g} ;fj{hlgs clwsf/Ln] ug]{sf/jfO{sf] ;DaGwdf o:tf] wDsL jf ljZjf;kg]{ cfZjf;g lbPsf] lyPg, h;af6 lghn];f] s'/f c;To ?kdf JoQm ug]{ ;+efjgflyof] / h'g wDsL jf cfZjf;g sfof{lGjtug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ / zlQm ;f] clwsf/LnfO{lyof] eGg] s'/f lghn] o'lQm;+ut ?kdf ljZjf;u/]sf] lyof] .

$= plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yf /k|:t't 36gfdf b]lvPsf] cj:yfnfO{ Ps cfk;dfle8fP/ x]bf{ clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf jofglbg] qmddf lgh cflZjgs'df/ ;r]t cj:yfdfg} /x]sf] eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb b]lvFb}g . lghn]cfkm"nfO{ :j]R5f lj?4 jofg lbg afWo agfOPsf]egL cbfnt ;dIf lbPsf] jofgsf ;Gbe{df x]bf{3fp hfFr ug]{ lrsLt;s 8f= clgn >]i7n] cbfnt;dIf jskqsf qmddf k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/n]b'v]sf] egL atfPsf] z/L/sf] s'g} klg efudfs'g} 3fp, vt jf ;'lGgPsf] cj:yf g/x]sf] egLpNn]v ul/lbPaf6 klg lghnfO{ s'6lk6 u/L :j]R5fljkl/t clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf ;fljtL jofg

u/fOPsf] eGg] k'li6 x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]g . To;}n]klg ;f] jofgnfO{ k|fdfl0fs d"Nosf b[li6n] z"Godf/fVg' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . Tolt dfq geP/clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIfsf] jofgdf JoQmePsf hUuf ;DaGwL s'/f cGo k|df0faf6 klgk'li6 ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ljjflbt lsQf g+= #$;d]tsf hUuf gfgLzf]efsf afa' lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] d[To' e};s]sf] cj:yfdf klg gSsnLlx/fsfhL v8f e} lghsf] gfdaf6 cGo ljleGgJolQmx¿sf] gfddf btf{ u/L lghx¿af6 k'gMt];|f] JolQmsf] gfddf x:tfGt/0f e};s]sf] / To;k|s[ofdf k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/ klg ;+nUg /x]sf]eGg] tYo dfnkf]t sfof{no rfjlxnaf6 k|fKtkmfOnaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . jofgdf plNnlvt36gfsf] sf/0fsf ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] tYo cGo:jtGq k|df0fx¿af6 klg k|dfl0ft ePaf6 ;f]jofg :j]R5f k|lts"nsf] egL cbfnt ;dIf bfjLlnFb}df To:tf] jofgsf] k|fdfl0fs d"Nodf k|Zg p7fpgldNg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . o;/L d[ts gfgLzf]efsf] d[To'sf]sf/0fsf ?kdf ljz]if1åf/f JoQm /fo / d[tsnfzsf] k|s[lt Pj+ 36gf:yn k|s[ltsf aLrdf;fd~h:otf b]lvPsf], To;nfO{ ;DalGwtljz]if1åf/f cbfnt ;dIf pkl:yt eO{ k'gk'{i6Lul/Psf], 36gfsf] sf/0fsf ?kdf k|ltjfbLcflZjgs'df/n] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf JoQmu/]sf] sygnfO{ cGo k|df0fx¿n] ;d]t k'li6 u/]sf];d]tsf] cfwf/ sf/0faf6 d[To'sf] sf/0f tyf36gf:yn / nfzsf] k|s[lt cg'¿k g} 36gfsf]sf/0fsf] ljBdfgtf :yflkt x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

%= ca, bf];|f] cyf{t\ 36gfsf] sf/0f/ k|ltjfbLx¿sf] sfo{sf lardf s'g} tfbfTDotf


198198198198198

b]lvG5 of b]lvFb}g < eGg] k|Zgdf ljrf/ ubf{d[To'sf] sf/0fsf ?kdf :yflkt ePsf] tYo cyf{t\sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;L *-v_ l:yt lsQf g+= #$;d]tsf hUufdf d[ts gfgLzf]efsf] xs d]6fpg]sfo{n] k"0f{tf kfPsf] b]lvG5 . To; sfo{dfk|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf klg k'li6 ePs} 5 . t/k|:t't d'2f st{Jo Hofg d'2f ePsf] x'Fbf 36gfsf]sf/0fsf ?kdf b]lvPsf] tYonfO{ lg/k]If ?kdfk|:t't d'2fsf] ljifoj:t' agfpg ldNg] cj:yfgx'Fbf d[ts gfgLzf]ef pbf;sf] xTof / lghsf]xTofdf ;+nUg /x]sf JolQmnfO{ g} k|:t't d'2fdfljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ ljifosf ?kdf lnO{ ;f] ;DaGwLtYo / To;nfO{ k'li6 ug]{ cfwf/ k|df0fsf] d"Nof+sgPj+ ljZn]if0f ul/g' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . d[tsgfgLzf]efsf] d[To'sf ;DaGwdf cl3Nnf] k|Zgdfg} kof{Kt ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] x'Fbf To;sf] k'g/fj[lQgu/L k|ltjfbLx¿ dWo] sf] s;sf] s] s'g sfo{k|:t't 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvG5 < eGg] ;DaGwdfljj]rgf ug'{ oxfF ;fGble{s x'g] b]lvG5 .

=̂ k|ltjfbLx¿dWo] cflZjgs'df/clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf s;"/ u/]sf] s'/fdf;fljt e} jofg u/]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] lghsf] ;f]jofg cGo k|df0fx¿af6 klg k'li6 ePaf6 o;36gfdf lghsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .cleof]u z+sf/xLt tj/n] k'li6 ug'{kg]{ eGg]kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] dfGo l;4fGt /x]sf] kl/k|]Iodfx]bf{ lghn] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf JoQmu/]sf sygx¿ 36gf:ynsf] k|s[lt, nfzsf] k|s[lt,36gfdf k|of]u ePsf elgPsf lrhj:t' / j/fdbLd'r'Nsf, d[To'sf] sf/0fsf ?kdf JoQm ljz]if1sf]/fo / ljz]if1sf] jskq ;d]tsf k|df0fx¿af6

k'li6 ePsf 5g\ . ;f] ;Fu} 36gfsf] sf/0fsf ?kdfJoQm ePsf] lghsf] syg cg'¿k ljjflbt lsQfg+= #$ ;d]tsf hUufx¿ ;d]t cGo JolQmsf]gfddf xs x:tfGt/0f ePsf] / To;df lghsf]k|ToIf ;+nUgtf /x]sf] ;d]tsf kl/l:ylthGok|df0fn] klg k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/ cleof]u bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/df ;+nUg ePsf] k'li6 ePsf]kfOG5 .

&= hxfF;Dd 3fF6Ldf physicalcompression sf] sf/0fn] pTkGg ePsf] Asphyxiasf] cj:yfnfO{ d[To'sf] sf/0fsf ?kdf pNn]vePsf] / zj k/LIf0fsf qmddf 3fF6Ldf @ j6fligature mark /x]sf] egL pNn]v ePsf] s'/f;Funfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfsf] tfbfTDotf g/x]sf] eGg];Gbe{ 5, zj k/LIf0f ug]{ ljz]if1 8f= ljhonfn>]i7n] 8f]/L h:t} aflx/af6 afFlwg] jf lylrg]lrhsf] bjfj k/]/ To:tf] lrGx x'g ;Sg] egLjskqaf6 :ki6 u/]sf] cj:yf b]lvG5 . asphyxia/ ligature sf aLrsf] ;DaGwsf af/]df /x]sf]ljlwzf:qLo dfGotfnfO{ x]bf{ "In most cases,asphyxia is the most common cause of death.

The ligature is usually situated above the thyroid

cartilage, and the effect of its pressing the neck

in that situation is to force up the epiglottis and

the root of the tongue against the posterior wall

of the pharynx. Hence, the floor of the mouth is

jammed against its roof, and occludes the air

passage, also the uvula and soft palate are pushed

upwards and the laryngeal opening is blocked

by the depressed epiglottis." eGg] b]lvG5 (Modi'sMedical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, Twenty-

199199199199199


third Edition, p. 566). o;af6 klg d'vdf s'g}lrh j:t' sf]lrPsf] sf/0faf6 Zjf; k|Zjf;sf]dfu{ ca?4 eO{ asphyxia sf] l:ylt pTkGg x'g] /asphyxia sf] cj:yfdf ;fdfGotof ligature marksf] ljBdfgtf /xg] eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 . nfzk|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf d[tssf] 3fF6Ldf ligature markgb]lvPsf] eGg] lhls/sf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfn] aflx/af6 b]lvg] nfzsf]cj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lrq0f dfq} ug]{ / To;/L d'r'Nsftof/ ubf{ ljz]if1sf] pkl:ylt g/xg] oyfy{tfnfO{klg lj;{g ldNb}g . To;}n] ;fdfGo cj:yfdfaflx/af6 x]bf{ gb]lvg] sltko 3fp, rf]6, bfu jflrGx zj k/LIf0fsf qmddf b]lvg'nfO{ cGoyf dfGg;lsFb}g, lsgeg] zj k/LIf0f eg]sf] zjsf] aflx/Ltyf leqL ;Dk"0f{ cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf ljz]if1åf/ful/g] ljz]if cWoog, cg';Gwfgo'Qm k/LIf0f ePsfn]To:tf] k/LIf0faf6 zjdf /x]sf d[To' cl3 -ante-mortem_ / d[To' kl5 -post-mortem_ sf ;a}nIf0fx¿sf] klxrfg ul/G5 . To;}n] To:tf]k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf] lrGx nfz k|s[lt d'r'Nsfdfgb]lvPsf] cj:yfnfO{ tL b'O{ k|df0fsf aLrdftfbfTDotf g/x]sf] egL ;+1f lbg ldNg] x'Fb}g .

*= ljz]if1sf] egfO{sf] k|fdfl0fsdxTjsf ;DaGwdf k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf !*df elgPsf] 5M s'g} sfd, 36gf jf cj:yfsf;DaGwdf ePsf] txlssft jf hfFra'emsf]l;nl;nfdf k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gadf]lhd tof/ePsf] s'g} lnvtdf pNn]v ePsf] s'g} s'/f ;f]s'/f JoQm ug]{ JolQm ;fIfLsf] ?kdf cbfntdfpkl:yt e} jofg u/]df k|df0fdf lng x'G5 . zjk/LIf0f ug]{ ljz]if1 8f= ljhonfn >]i7n] cbfnt

;dIf pkl:yt eO{ u/]sf] jskqdf d[tsgfgLzf]efsf] d[To' s'g} ef}lts lrhaf6 3fF6LdfsDk|]zg x'g uO{ pTkGg P:km]lS;ofn] ePsf] egLpNn]v ug'{sf ;fy} 3fF6Ldf cufl8kl6[ /x]sf b'O{j6f ligature mark lylrg] lrhsf] bafa k/]/klg x'g ;Sg] egL pNn]v u/]sf] cj:yfn] nfzk|s[lt d'r'Nsfdf ul/Psf] nfz / 36gf:ynsf]lrq0fsf ;fy} k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/ :yflktn]clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf u/]sf] jofgsf];fGble{stf k'li6 x'g'sf ;fy} 36gf:yn tyf nfzk|s[lt d'r'Nsf, k|ltjfbLsf] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIfsf] jofg, zj k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg / To:tf]k/LIf0f ug]{ ljz]if1n] cbfnt ;dIf u/]sf]jskqsf aLrdf ;fd~h:otf :yflkt x'g k'u]sf]b]lvPsf] 5 . k|:t't d'2fdf ljBdfg /x]sf] tYonfO{lrsLt;f ljlwzf:qsf] ;fk]Iftfdf x]bf{ To;af6klg k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/ :yflktn] cfkm\gL;fgLcfdf gfgLzf]ef pbf;nfO{ d'vdf ?dfnsf]rL 3fF6L c7\ofO{ df/L st{Jo u/L df/]sf] eGg]cleof]u bfjL ;dly{t x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

(= cGo k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtfsf];Gbe{df ljrf/ ubf{ d[ts gfgLzf]efsf] xTofdfcGo k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]t ;+nUg /x]sf] egL k|ltjfbLcflZjgs'df/n] clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIf u/]sf]jofgdf jfx]s cGo s'g} ;|f]taf6 Tof] tYo phfu/ePsf] b]lvFb}g . cGo k|ltjfbLx¿n] clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/L / cbfntdf ;d]t cleof]u bfjLdfOGsf/ /xL jofg u/]sf 5g\ . lghx¿ pk/nufOPsf] cleof]u bfjLsf] k'i6\ofO{+df s'g}k|df0fx¿ k]z ePsf] klg kfOb}g . 36gfsf] d'Vosf/0fsf ?kdf /x]sf] hUuf ;DaGwL ljjfbsf]


200200200200200

ljifo dfq}n] Hofg h:tf] u+eL/ ck/fwdf ;+nUg/x]sf] eGg] tYonfO{ :yflkt ug{ ;Sb}g / s;"/sfod ug{ klg ;Sb}g . s;"/ x'gsf nflu cfjZostTjsf ?kdf /xg] cfk/flws sfo{ -Actus reus_/ cfk/flws dlitis -Mens rea_ dWo] cGok|ltjfbLx¿df k|:t't 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} klgtTjsf] ljBdfgtf /x]sf] b]lvFb}g . To;}u/L ck/fwsfr/0fx¿ cyf{t\ dg;fo -intention_, tof/L -preperation_, pBf]u -attempt_ / ck/fwn] k"0f{tfkfpg] cj:yf -commission_ dWo] d[ts gfgLzf]efsf]st{Jo u/L xTof ug]{ sfo{df cGo k|ltjfbLx¿ s'g}klg r/0fdf ;+nUg lyP egL g t cleof]ukqdf:ki6 ?kn] v'nfpg g} ;lsPsf] 5, g t To;nfO{k'li6 ug]{ cfwf/ k|df0f k]z ug{ g} ;lsPsf] 5 . t;y{d[ts gfgLzf]efsf] xTofdf k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/afx]ssf cGo k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] eGg]s'/fnfO{ z+sf/xLt tj/n] k'li6 ug{ ;Sg] cfwf/k|df0fsf] cefjdf s]an clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L ;dIfcleo'Qmn] nufPsf] kf]n / cleof]u bfjLdfcleof]hgkIfn] lnPsf] lhls/s} e/df s;"/bf/7x¥ofpg ldNg] cj:yf b]lvPg .

!)= t;y{ dfly ljleGg k|Zgx¿sf]lg?k0f ug]{ ;Gbe{df ul/Psf] ljZn]if0f ;d]taf6k|:t't d'2fsf k|ltjfbL cflZjgs'df/n] cfkm\g};fgLcfdf gfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jo u/L df/]sf] 7x5{ .;f] 7xgf{n] lghnfO{ cleof]u bfjL adf]lhd d'n'sLP]g, Hofg;DaGwLsf] dxnsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhd;j{:j;lxt hGds}b x'g] / cGo k|ltjfbLx¿xl/axfb'/ /fpt, 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/, lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/, /fds[i0f kf7s, drfefO{ dxh{g /gfgLjfj' a'9fyf]sLnfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{

kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLoGofofwLz >L lbnLks'df/ kf}8]nsf] /fo dgfl;j7x5{ . c?df tkl;nadf]lhd ug'{ .

tkl;ntkl;ntkl;ntkl;ntkl;ndfly OG;fkm v08df n]lvPadf]lhd

k|ltjfbL k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflktnfO{d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwLsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhd;j{:j;lxt hGds}b x'g] 7x/L km};nf ePsfn]lgh ldlt @)$(.!).!$ ut] b]lv ldlt @)%$.#.@%;Dd k|x/L lx/f;t tyf y'gfdf /x]sf] b]lvPsf]x'Fbf lx/f;tdf /x]sf] calw s6[f u/L s}b 7]Sg' /lghsf] c+z ;d]t ;j{:j u/L sfg"gadf]lhd c;"npk/ ug{ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntdf nut lbg"==!of] km};nfsf] hfgsf/L dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]sfof{nonfO{ lbg"======= @

k|:t't d'2fsf] bfo/Lsf] nut s6[fu/Lldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfO lbg" == #pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .Gof= an/fd s]=;L=Gof=tkaxfb'/ du/Olt ;+jt\ @)^% kmfu'g @@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ ==Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnf

lg0f{o g+= *)&),lg0f{o g+= *)&),lg0f{o g+= *)&),lg0f{o g+= *)&),lg0f{o g+= *)&), h]7 @)^^

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdLdfggLo GofofwLz >L an/fd s]=;L=dfggLo GofofwLz >L tkaxfb'/ du/kmf}=k'=O=g+= –@@, @#, @$, @% / @^

km};nf ldltM @)^%.!!.@@.%

201201201201201

*)&) *)&) *)&) *)&) *)&) - k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt lj= g]kfn ;/sf/ k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

d'2f M sLt{] hfn;fhL .k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+

dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @) a:g] k'ik/TgeGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt

lj?4k|ToyL{ jfbLM k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/

:yflktsf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM cf]vn9'+uf lhNnf l;+xb]jLuf=lj=;=j8f g+= ( 3/ e} xfn sf7df8f}+lhNnf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8fg+=#$ jfg]Zj/ a:g] jif{ #% sf] gfgLafa'a'9fyf]sL

lj?4k|ToyL{÷jfbLM k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/


k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= # dxf/fhu~ha:g] /fds[i0f kf7s



k'g/fj]bs÷k|ltjfbLM pbok'/ lhNnf cfFk6f/uf=lj=;=j8f g+= * 3/ e} xfn sf7df8f}+lhNnf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8fg+= ( /ftf]k'n a:g] xl/axfb'/ /fpt



k'g/fj]bs÷jfbLM k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/:yflktsf] hfx]/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/

lj?4k|ToyL{÷k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf7df8f}+

dxfgu/kflnsf lrsd'Fun a:g] k'ik/TgeGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt ;d]t

z'? km};nf ug{]Mdf=lh=Gof=>L Ps/fh cfrfo{

k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug{]Mdf=Gof=>L sf]dngfy zdf{df=Gof=>L v]d/fh zdf{

;+o'Qm Ohnf;Mdf=Gof=>L bLlnks'df/ kf}8]n,df=Gof=>L /fh]Gb|s'df/ e08f/L

§ cGo d'2f;Fu ghf]l8Psf] cj:yfdfcGo d'2f;Fu ghf]l8Psf] cj:yfdfcGo d'2f;Fu ghf]l8Psf] cj:yfdfcGo d'2f;Fu ghf]l8Psf] cj:yfdfcGo d'2f;Fu ghf]l8Psf] cj:yfdf

hfn;fhL d '2 fnfO { hlxn ] klghfn;fhL d '2 fnfO { hlxn ] klghfn;fhL d '2 fnfO { hlxn ] klghfn;fhL d '2 fnfO { hlxn ] klghfn;fhL d '2 fnfO { hlxn ] klg

JolQmjfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf ?kdfJolQmjfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf ?kdfJolQmjfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf ?kdfJolQmjfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf ?kdfJolQmjfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf ?kdfdfGotf lbOPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf To:tf]dfGotf lbOPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf To:tf]dfGotf lbOPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf To:tf]dfGotf lbOPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf To:tf]dfGotf lbOPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf To:tf]

hfn;fhL d'2fnfO{ ;/sf/L d'2fhfn;fhL d'2fnfO{ ;/sf/L d'2fhfn;fhL d'2fnfO{ ;/sf/L d'2fhfn;fhL d'2fnfO{ ;/sf/L d'2fhfn;fhL d'2fnfO{ ;/sf/L d'2f

;DaGwL P ]gsf ] c 'g;"rL– ! sf;DaGwL P ]gsf ] c 'g;"rL– ! sf;DaGwL P ]gsf ] c 'g;"rL– ! sf;DaGwL P ]gsf ] c 'g;"rL– ! sf;DaGwL P ]gsf ] c 'g;"rL– ! sf

cfwf/df egL ;/sf/ jfbL e }cfwf/df egL ;/sf/ jfbL e }cfwf/df egL ;/sf/ jfbL e }cfwf/df egL ;/sf/ jfbL e }cfwf/df egL ;/sf/ jfbL e }

rnfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvg] .rnfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvg] .rnfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvg] .rnfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvg] .rnfpg ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvg] .-k|s/0f g+=$_

§ c=a+ *@ g+= n] ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]c=a+ *@ g+= n] ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]c=a+ *@ g+= n] ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]c=a+ *@ g+= n] ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]c=a+ *@ g+= n] ;/sf/ jfbL x'g]

d'2f / 3"; vfg], dfUg] ;/sf/Ld'2f / 3"; vfg], dfUg] ;/sf/Ld'2f / 3"; vfg], dfUg] ;/sf/Ld'2f / 3"; vfg], dfUg] ;/sf/Ld'2f / 3"; vfg], dfUg] ;/sf/L

sd{rf/Ls} x:tfIf/sf ] lnlvtsf]sd{rf/Ls} x:tfIf/sf ] lnlvtsf]sd{rf/Ls} x:tfIf/sf ] lnlvtsf]sd{rf/Ls} x:tfIf/sf ] lnlvtsf]sd{rf/Ls} x:tfIf/sf ] lnlvtsf]

;a"b lnO{ gfln; u/]sf] 3"; d'2fdf;a"b lnO{ gfln; u/]sf] 3"; d'2fdf;a"b lnO{ gfln; u/]sf] 3"; d'2fdf;a"b lnO{ gfln; u/]sf] 3"; d'2fdf;a"b lnO{ gfln; u/]sf] 3"; d'2fdf

hf];'s}n] gfln; u/] klg x'g] /hf];'s}n] gfln; u/] klg x'g] /hf];'s}n] gfln; u/] klg x'g] /hf];'s}n] gfln; u/] klg x'g] /hf];'s}n] gfln; u/] klg x'g] /

cGo d'2fdf xsb}ofljxLg JolQmn]cGo d'2fdf xsb}ofljxLg JolQmn]cGo d'2fdf xsb}ofljxLg JolQmn]cGo d'2fdf xsb}ofljxLg JolQmn]cGo d'2fdf xsb}ofljxLg JolQmn]


202202202202202

lbPsf] gfln; nfUg g;Sg] sfg"gLlbPsf] gfln; nfUg g;Sg] sfg"gLlbPsf] gfln; nfUg g;Sg] sfg"gLlbPsf] gfln; nfUg g;Sg] sfg"gLlbPsf] gfln; nfUg g;Sg] sfg"gL

Joj:yfn] xsb}ofljxLg gfln;n]Joj:yfn] xsb}ofljxLg gfln;n]Joj:yfn] xsb}ofljxLg gfln;n]Joj:yfn] xsb}ofljxLg gfln;n]Joj:yfn] xsb}ofljxLg gfln;n]

d'2fsf] :j?k g} u|x0f ug{ g;Sg]d'2fsf] :j?k g} u|x0f ug{ g;Sg]d'2fsf] :j?k g} u|x0f ug{ g;Sg]d'2fsf] :j?k g} u|x0f ug{ g;Sg]d'2fsf] :j?k g} u|x0f ug{ g;Sg]

eGg] b]lvG5 . xsb}of eg]sf] s'g}eGg] b]lvG5 . xsb}of eg]sf] s'g}eGg] b]lvG5 . xsb}of eg]sf] s'g}eGg] b]lvG5 . xsb}of eg]sf] s'g}eGg] b]lvG5 . xsb}of eg]sf] s'g}

klg ljjfbsf] Goflos lg?k0fsfklg ljjfbsf] Goflos lg?k0fsfklg ljjfbsf] Goflos lg?k0fsfklg ljjfbsf] Goflos lg?k0fsfklg ljjfbsf] Goflos lg?k0fsf

nflu cbfntdf k|j]z u/fpg] cfwf/nflu cbfntdf k|j]z u/fpg] cfwf/nflu cbfntdf k|j]z u/fpg] cfwf/nflu cbfntdf k|j]z u/fpg] cfwf/nflu cbfntdf k|j]z u/fpg] cfwf/

xf ] . xsb}of ;DaGwL l;4fGtn]xf ] . xsb}of ;DaGwL l;4fGtn]xf ] . xsb}of ;DaGwL l;4fGtn]xf ] . xsb}of ;DaGwL l;4fGtn]xf ] . xsb}of ;DaGwL l;4fGtn]

Psfsf] xsdf csf{n] gfln; jfPsfsf] xsdf csf{n] gfln; jfPsfsf] xsdf csf{n] gfln; jfPsfsf] xsdf csf{n] gfln; jfPsfsf] xsdf csf{n] gfln; jf

ph"/ ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg gug{] .ph"/ ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg gug{] .ph"/ ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg gug{] .ph"/ ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg gug{] .ph"/ ug{ cg'dlt k|bfg gug{] .§ h;sf] xs k'Ug] xf] p;n] afx]sh;sf] xs k'Ug] xf] p;n] afx]sh;sf] xs k'Ug] xf] p;n] afx]sh;sf] xs k'Ug] xf] p;n] afx]sh;sf] xs k'Ug] xf] p;n] afx]s

cGo JolQm jf lgsfon] d'2f bfo/cGo JolQm jf lgsfon] d'2f bfo/cGo JolQm jf lgsfon] d'2f bfo/cGo JolQm jf lgsfon] d'2f bfo/cGo JolQm jf lgsfon] d'2f bfo/

ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf gx'g] x'bfF To;/Lug{ ;Sg] cj:yf gx'g] x'bfF To;/Lug{ ;Sg] cj:yf gx'g] x'bfF To;/Lug{ ;Sg] cj:yf gx'g] x'bfF To;/Lug{ ;Sg] cj:yf gx'g] x'bfF To;/L

xs k'Ug ] afx ]s cGo JolQm jfxs k'Ug ] afx ]s cGo JolQm jfxs k'Ug ] afx ]s cGo JolQm jfxs k'Ug ] afx ]s cGo JolQm jfxs k'Ug ] afx ]s cGo JolQm jf

lgsfon] bfo/ u/]sf] d'2f c=j+= *@lgsfon] bfo/ u/]sf] d'2f c=j+= *@lgsfon] bfo/ u/]sf] d'2f c=j+= *@lgsfon] bfo/ u/]sf] d'2f c=j+= *@lgsfon] bfo/ u/]sf] d'2f c=j+= *@

g+= sf cfwf/df vf/]h x'g] .g+= sf cfwf/df vf/]h x'g] .g+= sf cfwf/df vf/]h x'g] .g+= sf cfwf/df vf/]h x'g] .g+= sf cfwf/df vf/]h x'g] .-k|s/0f g+=%_

k'g/fj]bs jfbLtkm{jf6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf>L 7f]sk|;fb lzjfsf]6L

k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsftkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmfåo >L ;j{1/Tg t'nfw/ />L xl/x/ bfxfn tyf ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ >L nes'df/ d}gfnL, >LuLtf kf7s, ;Fu|f}nf, >L ljZjk|sfze08f/L, >L lx/f /]UdL / >L;Gts'df/ jf:sf]6f

cjnlDjt ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM§ d'n'sL P]g, c=a+= *@ g+=/ ( g+=§ ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf]

cg';"rL !, @, cg';"rL ! sf] b]xfo #,cg';"rL ! sf] b]xfo !(

§ sLt]{ sfuhsf] dxnsf] ! g+=, & g+= /!! g+=

km };nfkm};nfkm};nfkm};nfkm};nf

Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLMGof=lvn/fh /]UdLM k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)%$.#.@% sf] km};nfpk/ Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf ( adf]lhdjfbL÷k|ltjfbL b'a}tkm{sf] k'g/fj]bg k/L k]z x'Fbf;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLzx¿sf aLrdt}So x'g g;sL ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod #-!_ adf]lhd o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] ;+lIfKt tYo/ 7x/ o;k|sf/ 5 M

d]/L ;fgLcfdf gfgLzf]efsf] sf]xL gePsf]/ lgh PSnL ePsf sf/0f d}n] x]/rfx u/LcfPsf]df sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= @@sf j8f cWoIf dl0f/Tg :yflktn] ldlt @)$(.(.@&ut]sf lbg ltd|L ;fgLcfdf @,# lbgb]lv b]lvPsL5}gg\ / x/fO5g\ egL eg]sLn] lgh a:g] 6]axfnl:yt lghsf] 3/df u} x]bf{ 3/sf] l5+l8sf] sf]7fdfKjfn kfl/Psf], bf]>f] tNnfsf] sf]7fdf sfuhkqx¿nyflnË ePsf], t]>f] tNnfsf] sf]7fdf ;fgLcfdfsf]d'vdf ?dfn sf]lrPsf], xft v'§f jFflwPsf] / d[tcj:yfdf /x]sf], afs; v'nf /x]sf] x'Fbf lghgfgL zf]efnfO{ st{Jo u/L df/]5g\, sfg"gadf]lhd;hfo ul/kfp F m eGg ] ;d]t Joxf ]/fsf ]cflZjgs'df/sf] hfx]/L .

blIf0ftkm{ ;+s6f dlGb/sf] sDkfp08,pQ/tkm{ d[tssf] 3/, k"j{tkm{ sdn lrqsf/sf]3/, klZrdtkm{ rt'//Tgsf] 3/ olt $ lsNnfleq kg]{ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf 6]jxfn l:yt gfgLzf]efpbf;sf] 3/ /x]sf] . pQm 3/sf] e'O{+ tNnfsf]

203203203203203


klZrdtkm{sf] sf]7fsf] k"j{k§Lsf] ufx|f]df @ lkm6kl/lwsf] Kjfn kf/]sf] / dflyNnf] tNnfdf cfO{x]bf{ em\ofn v'nf /x]sf], cf]5\ofg nyflnË ePsf],;f] :yfgdf gfgLzf]ef d[ts cj:yfdf /x]sf],l6gsf] jfS;f v'nf cj:yfdf /x]sf], k"hf ug]{7fpFdf d"lt{ gePsf], b'j} uf]8fsf] lkF8f}nfdf ;]tf]sk8fn] jfFw]sf], ;f]xL sk8fn] b'j} xft k5fl8nuL jfFlwPsf], nf; 3f]K6f] /x]sf] eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] 36gf:yn k|s[lt d'r'Nsf .

gfgLzf]efnfO{ st{Jo u/L df/]sf] st{JoHofg d'2fdf hfx]/jfnf cflZjg s'df/ :yflktnfO{kqmfp u/L bflvn u/]sf] eGg] k|x/L k|ltj]bg .

d]/f] ;fgLcfdf gfgLzf]ef pbf;sf] lktflx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] & jif{ klxn] g} d[To' ePsf]/ lgh cfˆgf] klt;Fu ;DaGw ljR5]b u/L PSn}ePsLn] d}n] a]nf a]nfdf x]/rfx u/L cfPsf]lyPF . lghsf xsbf/ cGo sf]xL gePsf]n]xl/axfb'/ /fptsf] kmd{af6 sf7df8f}+ lhNnfwfkf;L j8f g+= * -v_ ls=g+= #$ ;d]tsf] sl/j^ /f]kgL hUuf d]/f] gfpFdf gfd;f/L ug{ sfd ub{}lyPF . otf ;f]xL hUufsf] ;DAfGwdf gSsnLlx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ v8f u/L lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/,/fds[i0f kf7s, gfgLafa' a'9fyf]sL ;d]tn] ;f]xLhUufsf] nfnk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlk lgsfNg] sfd dfnkf]tsfof{noaf6 ePsf] /x]5 . ;f] s'/f yfxf kfO{ ;f];DAfGwdf ;f]wk'5 ubf{ ;f] hUuf lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/ -gSsnL lx/fsfhL_ sf] xf], ltdLn]kfpgsf nflu c•faf6 lg0f{o x'g'k5{ egL /fds[i0fkf7s ;d]tn] eg]sf / gfgLafa'n] ;f] hUufsf]xsbfjL 5f8L b]p, ldnfkq u/f}+ ;f] afkt ltdLnfO{#,)),))).– -tLgnfv_ lbG5' eg]sfn] d[ts

lx/fsfhLsf gfdsf] pQm hUuf gSsnL lx/fsfhLs} xf] egL xsbfjL 5f8L lbPF . ;f] afkt /fhgjf:tf]nfaf6 ?=!,)),))).– -Psnfv_, xl/axfb'//fptaf6 ?=$&,%)).–, gfgLafa' a'9fyf]sL //fds[i0f kf7saf6 ?=!,)),))).– -Psnfv_lnPsf] xf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cflZjg s'df/:yflktn] df}sfdf u/]sf] aofg .

@)$@ ;fndf kl/ro n]vfk9L ;]G6/vf]nL a;]sf]df gfgLafa' a'9fyf]sLn] ;d]t ;f]xL;]G6/df sfd ub{} cfPsf lyP . kl5 gfgLafa'a'9fyf]sL / /fds[i0f kf7sn] 5'§} ;+o'Qm kmd{vf]n]/ a;] . @ jif{ cufl8 sf7df8f}+ lhNnfwfkf;Lsf] sl/j ^ /f]kgL hUuf lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] gfdaf6 cflZjgs'df/sf] gfpFdfgfd;f/L ug{] sfo{ ;f]xL kmd{af6 ug{nfUbf ;f]xLhUufsf] ;DaGwdf gSsnL lx/fsfhL v8f u/Ldfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 nfnk"hf{ lng] sfo{ ePsf]eGg] yfxfkfO{ a'‰bf ;f] hUufdf sLt{] sfo{ ug{]sfd gfgLafa' a'9fyf]sL nufotsf dflg;af6ePsf]n] ;a} ldnL ;f] hUufdf cflZjgs'df/n]xs bfjL 5f8\g], ;f] af6 cfPsf] /sd jfF8kmfF8u/L lng] s'/f ePkl5 pQm hUuf lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/n] d]/f] dflg; /fhg s'df/ jf:tf]nfnfO{as;kq u/L lbPsf x'g\, ;f] afkt cflZjgs'df/nfO{?=$&,%)).– lbPsf] xf] eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]xl/axfb'/ /fptsf] df}sfdf ePsf] aofg .

gSsnL lx/fsfhL v8fu/L hUufgfd;f/L ug{] sfo{df d}n] ;xof]u u/] afkt?=!@,))).– /fds[i0f kf7saf6 lnPsf] x'F eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] df}sfdfePsf] aofg .


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ldlt @)$@.%.* df lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/-pbf;_ sf] d[To' ePkl5 1fgsfhL d]/f] 3/dfcfO{ d[ts lx/fsfhL / ltd|f] gfd 7]ufgf ldNg]ePsf]n] d[ts lx/fsfhLsf] gfddf /x]sf] sf7df8f}+lhNnf wfkf;Lsf] sl/j ̂ /f]kgL hUuf sLt{] u/LtkfO{sf] gfpFdf nfnk"hf{ ptf/u/L laqmL u/f}+eg]sf]n] ;f] sfo{df /fds[i0f kf7s ;d]t e}dfnkf]t sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbO{ d]/f] gfpFdf cfPsf]pQm hUuf 5'g'd}of, /fhg s'df/, gfgLd}ofa'9fyf]sL, /flwsf 7s'/L ;d]tnfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdfas; u/L lbPsf] 5', ;f] afkt /fds[i0f kf7sn]dnfO{ ?=@),))).– -jL; xhf/_ lbPsf x'g\ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] lx/fsfhLsf] df}sfdf ePsf]aofg .

gSsnL lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/ v8f u/Ld[ts lx/fsfhLsf] gfpFsf] hUuf gfgL d}ofa'9fyf]sL ;d]tnfO{ as;kq u/L lbg] sfo{ d;d]taf6 ePsf] xf] / ;f] afkt 1fgsfhL /lx/fsfhLnfO{ qmdzM ?=!@,))).– / ?=@),))).–lbPsf] x'F eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] /fds[i0f kf7sf]k|x/Ldf ePsf] aofg .

clestf{sf] k|df0fkq k|fKt u/L l8NnLahf/df kl/lrt n kmd{ ;~rfng u/L cfPsf]dfsl/j # jif{ cufl8 /fds[i0f kf7sn] lx/fsfhLnfO{kmd{df NofO{ pQm wfkf;Lsf] hUuf sLt{] ug{] sfo{n]lvPsf] / ;f]xL hUufsf] ;DAfGwdf xl/axfb'//fptn] cflZjg s'df/sf] gfpFdf gfd;f/Lsf] nflusfo{ u/]sf] yfxf e} ;f] sfo{ /f]sL lgh cflZjgs'df/;Fu ldnfkq u/L ;f] afkt Psd'i6?=#,)),))).– -tLgnfv_ lghnfO{ lbO{ ;f] hUufd]/f] >LdtL gfgLd}of a'9fyf]sLsf gfpFdf gfd;f/L

u/L lbPsf x'g\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] gfgLafa'a'9fyf]sLsf] df}sfsf] sfuh .

k'ik/Tg eGg] cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt,/fds[i0f kf7s ;d]tn] gfgLzf]efsf] d[ts lktfsf]gfdsf] hUuf sLt{] u/L gfd;f/L ePsf] sfo{gfgL zf]efn] yfxf kfO{ ph"/ uln{g\ eGg] 8/n]lghnfO{ ldlt @)$(.(.@% ut] /ftL st{Jo u/Ldf/]sf] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf cflZjg s'df/ :yflkt;d]t hgf & nfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] eGg] ;d]tsf];h{ldg d'r'Nsf .

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;L uf=lj=;=j8f g+=*-v_ sf] lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] gfpFdf /x]sf]hUufsf] k|lt /f]kgL ?=, @,)),))).– -b'O{nfv_ /hDdf pQm hUufsf] ?=!@,&%,))).– kg{] eGg]Joxf]/fsf] dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] kq .

d[ts lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] gfddf/x]sf] pQm hUuf cflZjg s'df/ :yflktn]xl/axfb'/, gfgLafa', /fds[i0f kf7s ;d]t;Fu?=#,)),))).– lnO{ cfˆgf] xs bfjL 5f8L gSsnLlx/fsfhLaf6 >LdtL gfgL d}+of a'9fyf]sL ;d]tsfgfpFdf sLt{] gfd;f/L u/]sf] egL k|i6 x'g cfPsf]/ ;f] sfo{df afns[i0f dNnn] klg l;kmfl/; lbO{;xof]u u/]sf]n] pQm sfo{ sLt{] sfuhsf] dxnsf]! g+= ljk/Lt & g+= / !! g+=sf] s;"/ ck/fwug{]cflZjgs'df/ :yflkt, xl/axfb'/ /fpt, /fds[i0fkf7s, gfgLafa' a'9fyf]sL, lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/,1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/ / afns[i0f dNnnfO{ ;f]xLdxnsf] & g+= / !! g+= cg';f/ ;hfo ul/kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cleof]ukq .

;fgLcfdfsf] xsbf/ sf]xL gePsf]n]lghsf lktf lx/fsfhLsf] gfpFaf6 d}n] d]/f] gfpFdf

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pQm hUuf gfd;f/L ug{] sfo{ ubf{ gSsnLlx/fsfhL v8fu/L pQm hUuf gSsnL lx/fsfhLsf]xf] . ;f] hUuf ltd|f] ;fgLcfdf jf lx/fsfhLsf]xf]Og . To;}n] ltdLn] cfˆgf] xs bfjL 5f8Lb]pmegL /fds[i0f kf7sn] eg]sfn] d}n] ;f] hUufsf]xsbfjL 5f8L lbPsf] x'F . ;f] afkt s'g} /sdlnPsf] 5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] cflZjgs'df/sf]cbfntdf ePsf] aofg .

lx/fsfhLsf] hUufsf] nfnk"hf{ x/fof]eg]sfn] gfgLafa' a'9fyf]sLsf] kmd{df ;f] sf]k|ltlnlk lng egL k7fPsf] x'F . ;f] hUuf s;/Lgfd;f/L u/] yfxf 5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]/fds[i0f kf7sn] cbfntdf u/]sf] aofg .

pQm hUuf lx/fsfhLsf] gfpFaf6 d]/f]gfpFdf gfd;f/L ug{' k¥of] egL cflZjgs'df/d]/f] kl/lrt n]vfk9L ;]G6/df cfPsfn] ;f] hUufsf]gfd;f/L ug{ lgj]bg;Dd u/]sf] x'F . sLt{] hfn;fhx'g] jf s'g} nfe p7fpg] sfo{ u/]sf] xf]Og eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] xl/axfb'/ /fptsf] cbfntdfePsf] aofg .

s'g} hfn;fhL sLt{] u/]sf] xf]Og .lx/fsfhL / 1fgsfhL e} pQm hUufsf] nfnk"hf{x/fof] eg]sfn] ;f] hUufsf] nfnk"hf{sf] k|ltlnlklng lgj]bg;Dd d]/f] kmd{af6 n]lvPsf] xf] /pQm hUuf d]/f] >LdtL gfgLd}of a'9fyf]sL ;d]tsfgfddf kf; u/L lbPsf];Dd xf] . ;f] afkt?=!,@%,))).– lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/nfO{ d]/f]>LdtLn] lbPsL x'g\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] gfgLafa'a'9fyf]sLsf] cbfntdf ePsf] aofg .

pQm hUufsf] ;DaGwdff s'g} sLt{] sfo{u/]sf] 5}g . s;}nfO{ xfn}sf] as;kq u/L s'g} hUuf

lbPsf] klg yfxf 5}g . k|x/Ldf ePsf] sfuh klg:j]R5fn] ePsf] xf]Og eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lx/fsfhL,1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/n] cbfntdf u/]sf] aofg .

;h{ldg d'r'Nsf / lkmN8a'ssf ]kmf]6f]skLsf] cfwf/df pQm wfkf;Lsf] hUuflx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] xf] egL l;kmfl/; lbPsf]xf] . lx/fsfhL d/]sf] gd/]sf] yfxf ePg / d}n]s'g} sLt{] sfo{ u/]sf] xf]Og eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]afns[i0f dNnn] cbfntdf u/]sf] aofg .

lghx¿n] sLt{] hfn;fh u/]sf] yfxf 5}g .o:tf] ug{] dflg; klg xf]Ogg\ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]k|ltjfbLx¿sf ;fIfLn] cbfntdf u/]sf] askq .

ldlt @)$*.$.#) / ldlt @)$*.%.@%df dfnkf]t sfof{nodf lbPsf] lgj]bgdf ePsf];lx5fk NkfKr] d]/f] xf], bfh' 1fgsfhLn] d'2fxfNg' k¥of] eg]sfn] ljZjf;df k/L ;f] sfo{ u/]sf]x'F . d]/f] s'g} hUuf 5}g . ;f] hUuf ;DAfGwdf klgs'g} yfxf 5}g eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/n] / d]/f] bfh';Fu} o;} cbfntdf c+zd'2f bfo/ 5, pQm d'2fsf] sfddf /fds[i0fkf7snfO{ lhDdf nufPsf] lyP . ;f]xL d'2fdf;fIfL a:g' k¥of] egL ;xL u/fPsf] xf] . c? yfxfePg eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/n]c=j+= &* g+= adf]lhd u/]sf] ;gfvt .

k|x/Ldf ePsf] sfuh :j]R5fn] u/]sf]xf]Og . wfkf;Lsf] hUuf kf; u/L lnPsf] xf] eGg]gfgLd}of a'9fyf]sL, lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/af6 hUufkf;u/L lnPsf] xf] eGg] /flwsf 7s'/L, d]/f]/fhLv'l;n] pQm hUuf xfn}sf] as;kq u/L lnPsf]xf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] /fhg s'df/ jf:tf]nfsf]cbfntdf ePsf] askq .


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d[ts gfgLzf]efsf lktf lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] gfdsf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf wfkf;Luf=lj=;=j8f g+= * sf] hUufnfO{ gSsnL lx/fsfhLagL agfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{nodf u}x|sfg"gL ?kdfbtf{ u/]sf] s'/fdf ;+slnt ;a"b k|df0faf6 k|dfl0ftx'g cfof] . pQm hUufsf] xsjfnfnfO{ st{Jo u/Ldf/]sf] / pQm hUuf >LdtL 5'g'd}of kf7s,gfgLd}of a'9fyf]sL, /fhg s'df/ jf:tf]nf / /flwsf7s'/LnfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf as;kq ;d]t u/] u/fPsf]b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLx¿n] cleof]u–kq adf]lhdsf] s;"/u/]sf] b]lvg cfof] . ctM k|ltjfbLx¿ cflZjgs'df/:yflkt, xl/axfb'/ /fpt, 1fgsfhL l;qmfsf/,lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/, /fds[i0f kf7s, gfgLafa'a'9fyf]sLn] sLt{] sfuhsf] !) g+= sf] s;"/ u/LpQm hUuf sLt{] btf{ u/L sLt{] dflg;af6 laqmLas;kq ;d]t u/]sf] 7x5{ . k|ltjfbL afns[i0fdNnsf] xsdf lghn] uf=lj=;=sf] ;lrjsf]x}l;otn] l;kmfl/;;Dd u/]sf] b]lvFbf lghn] ;kmfO{kfpg] 7x5{ . cGo k|ltjfbLsf xsdf sLt{] sfuhsf]& g+= adf]lhd hgxL ?=!@,&%,))).– sf b/n]h/Ljfgf x'g] 7x/L pQm hUufsf] sLt{] btf{ ;d]tab/ e} lgh d[tssf] ck'tfnL vfg] xsjfnfsf]xL gx'Fbf ck'tfnLsf] !& g+= adf]lhd ;/sf/sf]x'g] 7x5{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] sf7df8f+} lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)%!.!!.@@ sf] km};nf .

cleof]u–kqsf] p7fgb]lv km};nf;Ddsf]cWoog ubf{ sLt{] hfn;fhLsf] hl/ofaf6 st{JoHofg p7fg ePsf] b]lvG5 . t/ cleof]u–kqdfHofg d'2fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL gfgLzf]efsf] d[To'ePsf]df ljjfb gePsf] eGg] cfwf/ lnPsf]b]lvG5 . ctM s'gsf] hl/ofaf6 d'2fsf] p7fg

ePsf] eGg] k|i6 ge} jfbL bfjL p7fg ePsf] x'Fbf>L % sf] ;/sf/ jfbL e} rnfpg ;lsg] d'2fxf]Og . ctM km};nf ab/efuL 5 . wfkf;Luf=lj=;=sf] ls=g+= #$ ;d]tsf] hUuf u}/sfg"gL?kdf btf{ u/]sf] s'/f ;a"b k|df0faf6 ;dly{tx'g cfPsf], t/ pQm hUufsf] xsb}of ddf ePsf]n]cfkm\gf] xs bfjL 5f8L 5f]8kq ug{;Sg] clwsf/d df g} ;'/lIft x'Fbf ddfly nufOPsf] cleof]usfg"g lak/Lt 5 . k|:t't d'2f km};nf ubf{gfgLzf]efsf] st{Jo u/L df/]sf] eGg] ls6fg 5 .o;} d'2fsf] hl/ofjf6 st{Jo u/L Hofg df/]sf];To g} eP tfklg dnfO{ ;hfo s] sf nflu eGg]k|i6 5}g . ctM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfab/ u/L GofokfpFm eGg] ;d]t Aoxf]/fsf] y'g'jfcflZjgs'df/sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

st{Jo Hofg d'2fsf] nufpsf] ?kdfhlGdPsf] of] sLt]{ hfn;fhL d'2fdf pQm hUufsf]gfd;f/L ug]{ sfo{df ldn]dtf] u/]sf] egL cf/f]lkts;"/df OGsf/L /xFbf/xFb} ck'i6, ck|dfl0fs Pj+;+lbUw k|df0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lg0f{oljGb"df k'u]sf]sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n]ab/ u/L OG;fkmkfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbLxl/axfb'/ /fptsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

sLt]{ hfn;fh d'2f :jo+df ;/sf/ jfbLx'g;Sg] cj:yf g} x'Fb}g, t/ jfbL kIfn] d'2f bfo/ubf{ ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] cg';"rLcGtu{t bfo/ ul/Psf] / pQm km};nfdf d ;d]tsf];xof]uaf6 pQm ljjflbt hUuf sLt]{ u/] u/fPsf]eGg] cleof]u k|dfl0ft x'g g;sL q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf

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Gofo kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] /fds[i0f kf7ssf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

dfu bfjLcg';f/ xb};Dd ;hfo ug]{ u/Lkm};nf ul/Fbf s] s'g cfwf/ k|df0f / sf/0fjf6s;"/ u/]sf] 7x/ ePsf] xf] < ljj]rgf g} gu/Lkm};nf ePsf] sLt]{ hfn;fhdf d]/f] s'g} ;+nUgtftyf ;Da4tf 5}g . km};nfdf d]/f] >LdtL gfgLd}ofj'9fyf]sL ;d]tsf gfpFdf ;+o'Qm 8f]/kf; u/]sf]elgPsf] 5, t/ pQm sfo{ dfnkf]t sfof{no;d]t lg0f{odf k'uL To; sfof{noaf6 ldlt@)$(.!.!* sf] lg0f{o ePsf] tyf uf=lj=;=sf]sfof{noaf6 l;kmfl/; tyf j8f g+= @@ af6d'r'Nsf ;d]t e} cfPsf]df pQm sfo{ u/]sf] xf] .djf6 ePsf] s'g} sfo{ sLt]{;Fu u/]sf] 5}g . ctMtYolxg lsl;daf6 ePsf] km};nf ab/ u/L GofokfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] gfgLjfj' a'9fyf]sLsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

ldlt @)$&.!!.% df k'ik/Tg / gfgLzf]efpbf;sf] gfddf ;+o'Qm btf{ug{ dfnkf]tsfof{nonfO{ l;kmfl/; lbPsf]df k'gM ldlt@)$*.%.!$ df lx/fsfhL / lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/Ps} JolQm x'g\ egL csf]{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] b]lvG5 .o;/L bf]xf]/f] l;kmfl/; lbg] afns[i0f dNnnfO{;kmfO{lbg] u/L u/]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf q'l6k"0f{ ePsf]n] dfubfjL adf]lhd g}sf/jfxL ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] >L % sf];/sf/sf]tkm{af6 k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k/]sf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

o;df bf]xf]/f] l;kmfl/;u/L d/]sf] JolQmlx/fsfhLnfO{ ldlt @)$*.%.!$ df hUuf btf{sf]l;kmfl/; ug]{ afns[i0f dNnnfO{ ;kmfO{ lbg] u/L

u/]sf] sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf gldnLkm/s kg{ ;Sg] b]lvFbf c=j+= @)@ g+= adf]lhd5nkmnsf] nflu emul8of lemsfpg] eGg] ;d]tJoxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] cfb]z .

o;df hUuf gfd;f/L ug'{ / gfgL zf]efsf]d[To' x'g' cnu cnu tYo ePklg jf/bftsf] ;"q;f] Hofg;DaGwL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfgsf] ;Gbe{dfhfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] x'Fbf / Hofg;DaGwL d'2fdf;Da4 elgPsf] k|ltjfbLx¿ g} o; jf/bftdf;Da4 ePsf] o; cj:yfdf k|:t't sLt]{ d'2f ;f]Hofg d'2fsf] jf/bftsf] laifo eGbf k[ys xf]eGg ldNb}g . k|:t't d'2f ;f] P]gsf] cg';"rL !cGtu{t plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL bfo/ePsf] s'/fnfO{ cGoyf ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf klg /x+b}g .

d[To' e} ;s]sf] lx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf]gfddf /x]sf] hUufdf k|ltjfbL lx/fsfhLl;qmfsf/sf] gfddf gfd;f/L btf{ u/]sf] lqmofnfO{lgh k|ltjfbLn] ljlwjt Jojxf/ gePsf] eg]kl5To;jf6 nfeflGjt x'g] hUuf js;kq lng]JolQmaf6 ;d]t ;f] hUufsf] ;DaGwdf cfkm"nfO{oyfy{ hfgsf/L ge} k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L/fVg] JolQmsf] ?kdf lrqLt u/]sf] o; cj:yfdf;f] hUuf gfd;f/L u/fpg] lqmofdf k|ltjfbLx¿sf];lqmo ;xeflutf /x]sf] dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . d[tslx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] gfdsf] hUuf k|ltjfbLlx/fsfhL l;qmfsf/sf] gfddf ;dfgtf ePsf]sf/0faf6 dfq gfd;f/L btf{ x'g] ePsf]

kanun patrika-Jestha 2066 · 179 lg0f{o g+= )^ h]7, @)^^;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo...

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Transcript of kanun patrika-Jestha 2066 · 179 lg0f{o g+= )^ h]7, @)^^;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo...

kanun patrika-Jestha 2066 · 179 lg0f{o g+= *)^* h]7, @)^^;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo...

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Transcript of kanun patrika-Jestha 2066 · 179 lg0f{o g+= *)^* h]7, @)^^;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo...

kanun patrika-Jestha 2066 · 179 lg0f{o g+= )^ h]7, @)^^;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo...

Transcript of kanun patrika-Jestha 2066 · 179 lg0f{o g+= )^ h]7, @)^^;jf{]Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf; dfggLo...