eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf · e"ldsf g]kfn Ps ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts, ax'hftLo / ax'wfld{s tyf ef}uf]lns...

eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf:yfgLo kf7\oqmd

@)&^

cfwf/e"t lzIff -sIff &_

k|:t'tstf{:yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f sfo{bn M

of]u]Gb|dfg lah'S5]+l;l4/Tg zfSop4j ;'hv'

/f]zg/fh t'Ot'O{+/fh]Gb|k|;fb >]i7

k|sfzs M eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf gu/ sfo{kflnsf eQmk'/

© ;jf{lwsf/ k|sfzsdf lglxt

klxnf] ;+:s/0f M lj=;+= @)&^ a}zfvd'b|0f k|lt Md'b|0f M OGb|]gL 5fkfvfgf, ldjf5]+, eQmk'/

e"ldsf g]kfn Ps ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts, ax'hftLo / ax'wfld{s tyf ef}uf]lns ljljwtfo'Qm b]z xf] . ljZjsf ljleGGf b]z / :yfg ljz]ifdf o:tf ljljwtfx¿ :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk, efiff, k/Dk/f / ;+:s[lt;F+u cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw x'G5g\ . oL /}yfg] 1fg, ;Lk, k/Dk/f / ;+:s[lt Ps lbgdf k|fKt ePsf cjZo xf]Ogg\ . dfgj ;Eotf ljsf;sf xhf/f}+ jif{sf] qmddf xfl;n u/]sf oL 1fg / ;Lk s'g} Ps b]z ljz]ifsf dfq geO{ ;Dk"0f{ dfgj hflts} ;DklQ dflgG5g\ . t/ ;f]x|f}F ;qfF}} ztfAbLb]lv klZrdf d'n'sx¿af6 Nofl6g cd]l/sL, Plzof / clk|msL b]zx¿nfO{ pklgj]z agfpg] qmd yflnP;F+u} :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk / ;+:s[lt df:g] sfd klg z'¿ eof] . cf}Bf]lus qmflGt, pQ/ ljZjo'4sfn / la;f}+ ztfAbLsf] pQ/f4{;F+u} z'¿ ePsf] e"d08nLs/0fsf] k|efjdf a]kjf{x;F+u ul/Psf cfw'lgsLs/0f / zx/Ls/0fn] :yfgLo 1fg / ;Lk yk cf]em]ndf kg{ uof] . t/ cfh ljZjsf ljleGg ljZjljBfnodf sfo{/t pQ/ cf}klgj]lzs ljåt ju{n] o:tf :yfgLo 1fg / ;Lksf] dxTjsf] af/]df vf]h cg';Gwfg u/L o;sf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{gsf] af/]df ax; rnfpg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 tyf o'g]:sf]sf] tTjfjwfgdf :yfgLo 1fg / ;Lkx¿sf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;sf] nflu ljleGg cle;lGw / dxf;lGwx¿sf] lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . cfh o:tf :yfgLo jf /}yfg] 1fg, ;Lk, k/Dk/f / ;+:s[ltnfO{ s'g} b]z ljz]ifsf] eGbf klg ljZjs} ;Dkbfsf] ¿kdf cª\uLsf/ ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zsf] ;Gbe{df klg o:tf /}yfg] 1fg, ;Lk / k/Dk/fsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g u/L gofF k':tfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug'{ :yfgLo, k|fGtLo / ;ª\3Lo tLg} txsf /fHosf] ;d]t bfloTj x'gcfPsf] 5 . oxL k[i7e"lddf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf] ;}4flGts cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;fy}, z}lIfs ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] cjwf/0ff tyf ljljwtfo'Qm b]zdf s]Gb|Lo txdf lgdf{0f ul/g] kf7\oqmdn] :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk, ljz]iftf / cfjZostfnfO{ ;d]t k|ltlglwTj / ;Daf]wg ug{ g;lsg] ePsf]n] :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] lgdf{0f :yfgLo 1fg, ;Lk / ;|f]tx¿sf] cfwf/d} lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;dfhsf] ;d'lrt / ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf] nflu :yfgLo cfjZostf tyf ¿lrsf] plrt ;Daf]wg ug{ :yfgLo kf7\oqmdn] ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5 . :yfgLo cfjZostf / rfxgfnfO{ ;d]6]/ :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfdf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] ul/G5 . g]kfnsf] ljBfno lzIffsf] ;'wf/ ug{ NofOPsf] /fli6«o kf7\\oqmd k|f¿kdf z}lIfs If]qdf b]lvPsf :yfgLo d'2f / r'gf}tLnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ :yfgLo cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t lzIffnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . h;sf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{sf] nflu :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ Hf:t} a'l4hLjL, lzIfs, lzIffljb\, ;dfh;]jL, cleefjs cflbsf] k|ToIf ;+nUgtfdf :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f u/L k7gkf7g ul/G5 . :yfgLo lgsfo ;~rfng P]g @)&$ n] dfWolds lzIff Joj:yfkgsf] lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo txnfO{ lbP cg';f/ oxfFsf] :yfgLo cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;DejtM g]kfndf g} klxnf] k6s :yfgLo txaf6 :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] kxn u¥of] . o;sf] nflu eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] @)&$ df3 @# ut] of]uGb|dfg lah'S5]sf] ;+of]hsTjdf k|f= l;l4/Tg zfSo, p4j ;'hv', /f]zg/fh t'Ot'O{ tyf /fh]Gb|k|;fb >]i7 ;lDdlnt kfFr ;b:oLo :yfgLo Kff7\oqmd lgdf{0f sfo{bn u7g u/L ;f] sfo{bnnfO{ sIff ! / ^ sf] nflu :yfgLo Kff7\oqmd lgdf{0f u/L z}lIfs ;q @)&%df eQmk'/ gu/ leqsf ;Dk"of{ ljBfnodf nfu' ul?psf] lyof] . o;} lg/Gt/tf :j?k sfo{bnn] kf7\oqmd jgdf{0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg}{ ljifonfO{ cfTd;ft u/L sfo{ cuf8L a9fOof] . eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf / sfo{bnsf] cfk;L 5nkmnaf6 @)&^ ;fndf sIff @ / & sf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd tof/Lsf] qmddf ;DaGwLt kIfx?, lj1 ;d"x tyf hgk|ltgLwLx?;+u sfo{xfnfx? ;+~rfng ul/of] . h;af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx? / sfo{bndf /x]sf ljifoj:t'x?nfO{ sIff @ / & nfO{ pko'Qm cfwf/df 5gf}6 u/L kf7\oqmdsf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L k]z ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{Gjog kIf cem dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] nflu ;a} kIfsf] ;fd'lxs k|of; / k|lta4tfsf] hlt cfjZos x'G5 o;sf] ckGfTjsf] u|x0f klg plts} vfFrf] x'G5 . kof{Kt ;dofefjsf] sf/0fn] o; d:of}bfnfO{ kl/is[t ug{ ;lsg] 7fpF cem} klg afFsL /x]sf] sfo{bnn] dx;'; u/]sf] 5 . csf]{ ;+:s/0fsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 /rgfTds ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff klg ul/Psf] 5 .

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f sfo{bneQmk'/ gu/kflnsf

@)&^

gu/ k|d'vsf] egfO{

eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] lzIffnfO{ ;w} klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVb} cfPsf]5 . gofF ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] ;d]t gu/kflnsfnfO{ dflj tx;Dd z}lIfs ljifodf ;a} lsl;dsf] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . lzIffnfO{ >d;+u ldnfpg], @! cf}+ ztfAbLsf] r'gf}tLnfO{ ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] Odfgbf/ / b]zeQm gful/sx¿ tof/ ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]/ ;+ljwfg / cGo lgod sfg"gsf] clwgdf /x]/ lzIff If]qnfO{ cem /fd|f] ug{ eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf cl3 a9\b}5 . eQmk'/ gu/leq /x]sf ;a} ljBfnox¿sf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ /fd|f] xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfnox¿nfO{ x/]s ultljlwdf ;+u} nfg] gLlt cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut ljBfnox¿aLr cGt/ ljBfno, v]ns'b, lrqsnf, lgaGw n]vg, jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutfx¿ u/]/ cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{df hf]8 lbO/x]sf] 5 . ;fy}, gu/kflnsfn] ;fd'bflos ljBfnox¿df g]kfnL, c+u|]hL, lj1fg, ul0ftnufot ljifosf lzIfsx¿sf] tflnd ;~rfng u/L z}lIfs :t/ p7fpg] k|of; ub}{5 . olx l;nl;nfdf :yfgLo lgsfon] :yfgLo kf7\os|d ;d]t lgdf0f{ u/L :yfgLo ljz]iftf / klxrfgsf af/]df cfwf/e"t tx;Dd cWoog cWofkg u/fpg ;Sg] Aoa:yf eP cg';f/ eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd nfu" u/]sf] of] bf];|f] jif{ xf] . @)&% ;fnb]lv sIff ! / ^ df :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] Joj:yf ul/of] . ljBfyL{x¿df :yfgLo snf–;+:s[lt, ;Dkbf, v]ns'b, e"uf]n, Oltxf; nufot ljljw ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] :yfgLo kf7\oqmd nfu' ul/Psf] xf] . gu/leq ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos / ;+:yfut u/L (@ j6f ljBfnox¿df Ps ;fy nfu" ul/Psf] of] kf7\oqmd clwsf+z ljBfnodf /fd|f] k9fO eO/x]sf] ;'Gg kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ v'zL nfUof] . ;Dejt :yfgLo kf7\os|dsf] lgdf0f{ u/L nfu' ug]{ gu/kflnsf b]zs} nflu klxnf] gd"gf gu/klfnsf x'guof] / o; sfo{sf] ;x|fgf / l;sf]u/L g]kfnsf cGo ljleGg :yfgLo lgsfox?n] klg :yfgLo kf7\os|d lgdf0f{u/L nfu' ug{yfn]sf] tYo cjut x'gcfpFbf xfdLnfO{ cem v'zLnfUg' :jefljs g} xf] . :yfgLo kf7\oqmdcGtu{t of] jif{ @)&^ b]lv sIff @ / & sf] kf7\oqmd ;'? ub}{5f}+ . ;DalGwt k|wfgfWofksx¿, ljifout lzIfsx¿sf] k6s k6ssf] e]nf ;DalGwt ljifo la1x? ;d]taf6 o;af/] hfgsf/L tyf cled'lv sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/;s]sf 5f}+ . ljutsf] jif{df em}+ of] jif{b]lv ;'? x'g] sIff @ / & sf] kf7\oqmd klg ;a} ljBfnox¿df k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'g] cfzf ub{5f}+ . gu/kflnsfn] lhDd]jf/L lbPcg';f/ :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f sfo{bnn] kf7\os|d lgdf0f{ ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] ;a} k|lsof / r/0fx? kf/ u/L ;DalGwt lj1x?;+usf] k/fdz{ ;d]t lnO{ ;dod} cfkm\gf] sfd ;DkGg u/L kf7\os|dsf] d:of}bf a'emfPsf]df sfo{bnsf ;+of]hs of]u]Gb|dfg lah'S5]F, ;b:ox¿ l;l4/Tg zfSo, p4j ;'hv', /fh]Gb| >]i7 / /f]zg/fh t'Ot'OnfO{ tyf cGo ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;xof]uLx? k|lt xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5f}+ .

;'lgn k|hfkltk|d'v

eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf

Vjksf] klxrfg :yfgLo kf7\oqmd sIff & :yfgLo kf7\oqmd sIff &

6 1

Vjksf] klxrfg

s[t1tf

o; kf7\oqmd lgdf{0fsf] qmddf ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofsx¿, lzIfsx¿, cleefjsx¿, :jtGq a'l4hLjLx¿, ;dfh;]jLx¿, ;]jflgj[Q lzIfs ;dfh, ljifolj1x¿ tYff cGo JolQmTjx¿n] sfo{bnnfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx ;'emfj / dfu{ lgb]{zg ug'{ePsf] 5 . Vjk-eQmk'/_ sf] Oltxf;, /fhgLlt, ;flxTo, snf / ;Dkbf tyf ;+:s[ltaf/] cfb/0fLo >L gf/fo0fdfg lah'S5]+Ho"n] sfo{bnnfO{ ljleGg tYox¿af/] cjut u/fpg'eof] . ljifj:t'x¿nfO{ kf7\oqmdsf] vfsf k|bfg ug{ ;xh agfpgsf] nflu ljifolj1sf] ¿kdf k|fljlws ;Nnfx / ;'emfj lbg'x'g] k|f= k[y'r/0f a}B, k|f=8f= ljBfgfy sf]O/fnf, k|f=8f=u0f]zaxfb'/ l;+x, 8f=nId0f 1jfnL, ;=k|f= ljZjdf]xg hf]zL, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|sf lgb]{zs s[i0fk|;fb sfk|L, pk–lgb]{zs v'aL/fd clwsf/L, cfo'j{]b lj1fgsf 1ftf ;Ktdfg a}B, g]kfnefiff lj1 ljdn tfd|fsf/ ;fy} eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf hgk|ltlglwx?k|lt o; sfo{bn s[t1tf JoQm ub{5 . cGtdf sfo{bnnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ eQmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf sd{rf/Lx¿, sfo{bnsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ cfkm\gf] sfof{no / ToxfFsf] kmf]6f]skL, lk|G6/h:tf pks/0fx¿ k|of]u ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ zf/bf df=lj, h]Go'Og :s"n Vjk sn]h tyf cGo k|ToIf / k/f]If ¿kdf ;xof]u ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿k|lt sfo{bn cfef/ JoQm ub{5 . o; sfo{bnn] cfufdL lbgx¿df klg pxfFx¿sf] ;xof]u / ;b\efj kfpg] ck]Iff ub{5 .

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f sfo{bneQmk'/ gu/kflnsf

@)&%


6 1

Vjksf] klxrfg

ljifo ;"rL!= :yfgLo kf7\oqmd !

@= Vjksf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt $

#= Vjksf] Oltxf; %

$= :yfgLo ljleGg hfthflt, JolQmTj / hg;ª\Vof &

s_ Vjksf :yfgLo hfthfltsf hg;fª\los ;"rs &

v_ Vjksf ljlzi6 JolQmTjx¿ &

%=:yfgLo ljljw ;+:s[lt *

s_ of]d¥xL k'GxL *

v_ a'/f+Hof (

u_ u'Fnf afh+ !)

^=k|rlnt :yfgLo ;+:sf/x¿ M !!

s_ h}lanL Ao+s]u' !!

&= :yfgLo af]nLrfnL / lnlk !@

s_ :yfgLo efiffdf s'/fsfgL !@

v_ k|rlnt lnlk / /~hgf lnlk !#

*=:yfgLo snf / ;Dkbf !#

s_ :yfgLo dlGb/x¿ !#

v_ :yfgLo kf]v/Lx¿ -k'v'_ !$

u_ :yfgLo 9'ª\u]wf/f !$

3_ :yfgLo lrqsnf !%

ª_ :yfgLo d"lt{snf !%

(= :yfgLo Joj;fo ;Lk / k|ljlwljs k]zf !^

v_ sf};L v]tL !&

u_ k|fª\ufl/sdn !&

:yfgLo :t/sf u}/s[lifhGo k]zfx¿ !*

nf]k x'g nfu]sf] :yfgLo j]ze"iffx¿ !*

sk8fsf] k'tnL !*

v_ :yfgLo k|ljlwM !(

df6f]af6 aGg] ;fdu|L !(

g]jf/L vfB kl/sf/ @)

!)= :yfgLo :jf:Yo k|a4{g ljlw @!

!!= :yfgLo v]n @!

!@= :yfgLo ko{6g @@


6 1

Vjksf] klxrfg

:yfgLo kf7\oqmd kf7\oqmd zLif{s M Vjksf] klxrfg k"0ff{ª\s M !)) kf7\oqmdsf] k|s[lt M ;}4flGts / k|of]ufTds pQL0ff{ª\s M tx M cfwf/e"t lzIff tx k|ltxKtf kf7306L M % hDdf kf7306L M !&%

kf7\oqmd kl/ro :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] cfjZostf, rfxgf / :yfgLo dxfg'efjx¿sf] /fo ;'emfacg';f/ :yfgLo ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]zu/L :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7\oqmdaf6 eQmk'/ gu/sf sIff ! b]lv * ;Ddsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] k':tf}+b]lv a:b} cfPsf] :yfgsf] ljleGg kIfx¿sf] 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ff lbg] lx;fan] æVjksf] klxrfgÆ gfds/0f u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . Vjksf] klxrfg k"0f{ ¿kdf x'g ;sf]; eGg] nIo lnO{ o; cGtu{t PsfOsf ljleGg If]qx¿M Vjksf] gfds/0f / e"–agf}6, Vjksf] Oltxf;, :yfgLo ljleGg hfthflt, JolQmTj / hg;ª\Vof, :yfgLo ljljw ;+:s[lt, k|rlnt :yfgLo ;+:sf/x¿, :yfgLo af]nLrfnL / lnlk, :yfgLo snf / ;Dkbf, :yfgLo Joj;fo, ;Lk / k|ljlw / ko{6g ;dfj]z u/L :yfgLo kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 . k|To]s If]qdf ;dfj]z u/LPsf kf7 zLif{sx¿nfO{ sIff ! af6 sIff * ;Dd cf7 z}lIfs jif{leq lzIf0f l;sfO{ u/fO{ cfkm\gf] :yfgdf /x]sf] ljljw kIfx¿sf] /fd|f] klxrfg u/fpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . o;df k/Dk/fut lzIf0f ljlw eGbf afns]lGb|t lzIf0f l;sfO{ lqmofsnfkdf hf]8 lbO{ ;}4flGts kIfdf eGbf Jofjxfl/s kIfnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

;fwf/0f p2]Zo o; kf7\oqmddf plNnlvt ;a} If]qx¿sf] lzIf0f l;sfO{ kl5 ljBfyL{x¿df lgDglnlvt s'/fx¿-:yfgLo kIfx¿_df ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M

!_ Vjksf] gfds/0f / e"–agf}6af/] JofVof ug{ .@_ Vjksf] Oltxf;sf] j0f{g ug{ .#_ :yfgLo ljleGg hfthflt, JolQmTj / hg;ª\Vof k|:t't ug{ .$_ :yfgLo k|rlnt ljljw ;+:s[ltsf] j0f{g ug{ .%_ k|rlnt :yfgLo ;+:sf/x¿sf] dxTj atfpg .^_ k|rlnt ljleGg :yfgLo af]nLrfnL k|of]u ug{ / k|rlnt lnlk / /~hgf lnlk lrGg &_ :yfgLo snf / ;Dkbf klxrfg ug{ .*_ :yfgLo Joj;fo, ;Lk / k|ljlwsf] klxrfg ug{ .(_ :yfgLo k/Dk/fut pkrf/ ljlw k|of]udf Nofpg .!)_ k/Dk/fut :yfgLo v]nx¿ v]Ng .!!_ ko{6g Joj;fonfO{ ljsf; ug{ cfjZos cfwf/x¿ tof/ ug{ .


2 3

Vjksf] klxrfg

zLif{s M Vjksf] klxrfg k"0ff{Í M !))

kf7\of+zsf] k|s[lt M z}4flGts / k|of]ufTds ptL0ff{Í M

sIff M ;ft k|ltxKtf M % lk/Lo8

kl/ro

k|:t't kf7\oqmd cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–*_ df sIff & sf] nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] :yfgLo kf7\oqmdsf] xf] . o; kf7\oqmdaf6 ljBfyL{x?df k/Dk/fut k|rlnt :yfgLo 1fg ;Lk / wf/0ffnfO{ hf]ufO/fVg / k|rngdf Nofpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} cfˆgf] k|frLg ;dob]lv a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf] hGd:yfgsf] dfof, df]x / cfˆgf] klxrfg arfO{ /fVg] k|of; ul/g] 5 .

o; kf7\oqmdsf] ljz]iftf eGg' g} z}4flGts kIf ;Fu;Fu} Jofjxfl/s kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbO{ s'g} klg -;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/ cflb_ k|rngdf Nofpg'sf] sf/0f / dxTjsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt u/fpg' xf] . o; kf7\oqmddf lbOPsf kf7\of+zx? lzIf0f ubf{ cGtlqm{of ljlw, 5n˚n ljlw, vf]lhgLlt ljlw cyjf afn s]lGb|t lqmofsnfkdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . o; kf7\of+zsf] lzIf0f l;sfO kZrft ljBfyL{x?df lgDg lnlvt lqmofsnfkdf ;Ifd x'g]5g\ M

sIffut p2]Zox? (Grade wise Objectives)

!_ Vjk gu/sf] e":j?k, vf]nfgfnf / jl/kl/ cjl:yt 8fF8f, kxf8 / h+unsf] af/] j0f{g ug{ .

@_ Vjk b]sf] dWosfnLg jf dNnsfnLg Oltxf;sf] ;dofjlw cGo zf;gsfnsf] ;dofjlw;Fu t'ngf ug{ .

#_ dWosfnLg Vjk b]sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts / /fhgLlts cj:yfaf/] JofVof ug{ .

$_ Vjksf :yfgLo a;f]af; hfthfltsf hg;fªlVos ;"rs / To;df cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf] sf/0f atfpg .

%_ Vjksf ljlzi6 JolQmx? af;'b]jk|;fb hf]zL, gu]Gb| xf8f, lji0f'eQm e'h' / cfzfsfhL af;'snfsf] ljlzi6fsf] If]q ;lxt kl/ro lbg .

^_ of]d/L k"l0f{sf] cy{, dgfpg] ltlyldlt / dgfpg] tl/sf atfpg .

&_ of]d/L k"l0f{sf ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts / wfld{s dxTj atfpg .

*_ a'/f+Hof sfo{qmd, xfs'jf agfpg] k|lqmof, jfvf:o sfo{qmd / xs'jf rfdn kf}li6s tTj ;DaGwL JofVof ug{ .

(_ u'nfF afh+ ahfpg] ltlyldlt / sfo{qmd, / ahfOg] ljleGg af]nx?sf] gfd atfpg .

!)_ u'Fnf afh+df k|of]udf cfpg] ljleGg afhfx? / xfn eQmk'/df u'nfF afh+ lgsfNg] :yfgx?sf] gfd atfpg .

!!_ h}lanL rf]Vofpg' kg]{ sf/0f, h}lanL rf]VofpFbf ul/g] ljleGg sfo{qmdx? ;/;kmfO{, k"hfcfhf / o; cj;/df k|of]u ul/g] ljz]if k"hfcfhfsf] j0f{g ug{ .

!@_ ;'Ts]/LnfO{ k|of]u ug]{ ljz]if ef8fFs'8fF, lzz'nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ ljz]if n'ufkmf6f] / lb/L c+hL -;'l8gL_ sfd ;DaGwL atfpg .

!#_ :yfgLo efiff k|of]u u/L :yfgLo ahf/df cfjZos ;fdu|L lsgd]n ug{ .

!$_ k|rlnt lnkL / /~hgf lnkLsf] :j/ j0f{ / ;+o'Qm cIf/x? n]Vg / k9\g .

!%_ bz}sf] a]nf gj/ft cGtu{t bz{g ug]{ zlQmkL7x?sf] kl/ro lbO ltgsf wfld{s, ;fF:s[lts / ;fdflhs kIfx?af/] j0f{g ug{ .

!^_ d'lg laxf/sf] kl/ro lbO, laxf/df k|lt:yflkt d"lt{x? / laxf/sf] agf}6 / ToxfF ul/g wfld{s ls|ofsnfk


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!*_ Vjksf] k"j{t˚{ ˚s]{sf gf} j6f 9'Ë]wf/fx?sf] :yfg ;lxtsf] kl/ro, jf:tljs xfnsf] l:ylt tyf ltgLx?sf] ;fF:s[lts kIfaf/] j0f{g ug{ .

!(_ ufOhfqfdf k|of]u ul/g] lrq / gfuk~rdLsf lbg 3/3/df 6f:g] gfusf] lrq agfpg, ltgLx?sf] wfld{s tyf ;fF:s[lts dxTjaf/] JofVof ug{ .

@)_ b/jf/ If]q leq /x]sf 9'Ëfsf d"lt{, wft'sf d"lt{, sf7sf d"lt{x? klxrfg u/L snfkIfsf] lx;fan] To;df s'8LPsf a'§fx? / xfn tL d"lt{x?sf] cj:yfaf/] j0f{g ug{ .

@!_ :yfgLo t/sf/L, ˚n˚"n, cGg tyf t]nxg pAhfpg] k]zfsf] kl/ro, tL k]zfx?af6 x'g] ˚fObf / tL k]zfx?df cfw'lgs k|efjaf/] atfpg .

@@_ sf};L v]tLsf] kl/ro, o;af6 x'g] ˚fObf tyf sf};L v]tLubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? atfpg .

@#_ k|fªufl/s dnsf] kl/ro, dn agfpg] tl/sf tyf k|fªufl/s dnaf6 x'g] ˚fObfx? atfpg .

@$_ ˚lg{r/ lgdf{0f sfo{ / ls/fgf k;n sfo{af/] kl/ro, dxTj tyf tL k]zfdf b]vfk/]sf ;d:ofx? af/] atfpg .

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@^_ sk8fsf] k'tnL agfpg] lgdf{0f k|ls|of k|b{zg ljlw ckgfO b]vfpg .

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#)_ rf}nfgL kfgL / /fhj[Ifaf6 lgsf]kfg{ ;Sg] /f]ux? ;DaGwL atfpg / xft v'§f ds{bf k|of]u ug]{ kfM af; k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf atfpg .

#!_ ttfdfsf] -808Llaof]_ / kfFo\ v]n lgodfg';f/ v]n v]Ng .

#@_ ko{6snfO{ cfsif{0f ug]{ P]ltxfl;s If]qx?sf] klxrfg ug{ / xf]d:t]sf] kl/ro lbg .


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5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

sfFo

af6f,

drfc

f+u',

Nxfl;

vrf,

drfs

l5 O

Rrf,

nMk';f ;Da

GwL lr

q ag

fO{ g

fd /

sfd

sf] hfg

sf/L lbg]

.

Ø

lxhf] /

cfh

sf] ;Gb

e{df lb/L c

lhsf]

dxT

j ;Da

GwL 5nkmn u

/L P

p6f—

Pp6f n

]v n

]Vg n

ufpg]

.

¡

sfFo

af6f,

¡

drfs

l5,

¡

nfj;f

¡

dRr

f cf+u

'

¡

Nxfl;

vrfs

f]

¡

lrq

.

¡ t

kfO{Fs

f] 3/d

f h}lanL slt

lbgd

f rf]Vof

Oof] <

¡ To;

a]nf s'g

b]jL

b]jtf

sf] k"h

f s;n]

u/] <

¡ o;

a]nf k|o

f]udf

cfp

g] ljz]if

r9fpg]

vfB

fGg

3/s

f] ah

} afh

] cfd

fa'jf;Fu

;f]w

L Pp

6f n

]v n

]Vg

nuf

O{ sIffd

f ePs

f] a'n

]l6g

af]8{d

f /fVg

] .

¡ s

foFaf

6f,

drfs

l5,

nfj;f,

drfc

f+u'

Nxfl;

vrf,

;'s'gf

sf]

/fd|f] lr

q ag

fpg

nuf

pg]

.

%


12 13

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

^= :yf

gLo

af]nLr

fnL /

lnlk

s_ :y

fgLo

efiffd

f s'/fsfg

L

@(= c

fkm\g

f] lbgr

of{sf]

nflu

cfjZo

s ;

fdu|L

sf

lglDt

:yf

gLo

ahf/df

:yfg

Lo e

fifL;

Fu s'/fsfg

L ug

{ / lsgd

]n u

g{ .

l l5

ugf

emfo

fu' <

l k;

n] e

mfo\u'n

f <

l 5' g

]ª lbof

n] <

l Yj

t/s

f/L -;

fv]rf,

t's+rf,

r+;'kn

fFrf_

5y'o

f u'l

ny]+

<l 5y'o

f lxsf{ hsM

l Yj

of+ e

fltrf ly

s]

h'nsM

l pln

dl5

+ cKj

wfo

]lbo\

dt]

.l a'a

-d':o

f, so\u

', e'lt

_ s'l5

g+ to

f] lb;F .

l Yj

s]/f k

fs]h'u'

vMn

f <

l kfs] h

'n .d

v';f 5k'

elkof

] lb;

F .l uy

] ofª lao

f] lbof

n] <

l eM u

'ln y

]+ <l bh

{g+ ;l5

hs <

l Yj

e'tL

5' e

n] <

l ls

nf]+ lkM t

Ssf hs .

l u

gfg+

xoM l

bofu

' <l le

mu'x]

lsaf

o\ ;Mu' .

o+s lb;

F .l gf

w]Aa

f sfo

M lb;

Fl rfg

r'g

d¿nf <

l bM g

f , s

fo\ lb;

F .l ln

kf g

+ emf;

F Gx]

.

Ø

:yfg

Lo t

/sf/L a

hf/, k

mnk"mn k

;n

/ ls

/fgf

k;ndf :y

fgLo

dflg

;x¿

/

k;n] aL

r s'/fsfg

L xF'b

f ePs

f] s'/fsfg

L lr

q;lxts

f] ;+jfb

rf6{

af]8{d

f 6fF:g

] / :

yfgL

o efiffs

f zAb

/

jfSo

sf] cy{a

f/] 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

b'O{–b

'O{ hgf

nfO{ c

ufl8

af]n

fO{ k

;n]

/ u|f

xssf] cle

go u

g{ nuf

pg]

.

Ø

cK7]/f] d

x;'; u

/]sf] 7fpFdf lz

Ifsn]

;xh

stf

{sf] e"ld

sf lgefp

g] .

Ø

:yfg

Lo

t/sf/L

ahf/,

kmnkm"n

k;n /

ls/fgf

k;

nsf

k;n] jf

;fx"x¿

;Fu

Ø

:yfg

Lo af

]nLr

fnL

efiffd

f ls

gd]n

ug{ n

ufpg]

.

Ø

ljBfy

L{x¿nfO{ ;d"x

agfO{ :y

fgLo

ah

f/df

k7fp

g] /

k;n]aL

r e

Psf]

s'/fsfg

L ;b[Z

o /]s

8{ u/

L No

fpg

nuf

pg]

. sIffd

f ;'gf

pg]

jf b

]vfp

g nuf

pg]

.

Ø

ljBfy

L{ /

/ k;

n]

eP/

u/

]sf]

s'/fsfg

L k'g

M cle

go ug

{ nuf

pg]

/ To

;sf]

/]s8{

u/L

k'gM

sIffd

f b]v

fpg]

. ldn]÷g

ldn]sf] ;fy

Lx¿nfO{

l6Kk0fL u

g{ nuf

pg]

jf c

fTdk|ltl

aDa

u/fp

g] .

Ø

lzIfsn] k

[i7kf]if0

f lbg]

.

¡

df]a

fOn, k

m\nf;

sf8

{, ;+jfb, r

f6{, /

]s8{/

¡ cjn

f]sg

^


12 13

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

v_ k|r

lnt

lnlk /

/~h

gf

lnlk

#)= k

|rln

t ln

lk /

/~

hgf

lnlksf] :j

/ j0

f{ /

;+o'Q

m cIf/

n]Vg

/ k

9\g .

l k|r

lnt

lnlk /

/~h

gf

lnlksf :j

/ j0

f{x¿

l k|r

lnt

lnlk /

/~h

gf

lnlksf ;+o'Q

m cIf/x

¿

Ø

k|rln

t ln

lk / /~

hgf ln

lk ;

fy –;

fydf

/x

]sf] rf6{ k

mf]6f]s

kL u

/L ljB

fyL{x¿sf]

;d"x

–;d"x

df

afF8\g

] .Psk|lt

7"nf]

rf6{ a

f]8{df 6

fF:g] .

Ø

tL

lnlkx¿

sf]

leGg

tfaf

/] 5nkmn

ug]{ .

Ø

k|rln

t ln

lk /

/~h

gf lnlksf] >Jo

b[io

b]vfO{ n

]Vg k

|]l/t

ug]{ .

Ø

k|rln

t ln

lk

/ /~

hgf

ln

lksf

hfg

sf/ u

'?x¿nfO{ a

f]nfO{ s

Iff ln

g nuf

pg]

.Ø

k|rln

t ln

lk / /~h

gf ln

lksf ;

+o'Qm

cIf/x

¿ n

]Vg c

Eof;

u/fpg]

.

¡

k|rln

t ln

lk /

/~h

gf

lnlksf :j

/ j0

f{ /

;+o'Q

m cIf/s

f rf6{

¡

>Jo

b[Zo

;fd

u|L

¡ cjn

f]sg

u/L

d"No

fª\sg

ug]{ .

¡ b'j

} lnlksf s]xL

cg'R

5]bx

¿ n

]Vg

nuf

pg]

.!)

&= :yfg

Lo s

nf

/ ;Dk

bf

s_ :y

fgLo

dlGb

/x¿

#!= :yf

gLo

dlGb

/x¿

-bz}+sf] gj

/ftc

Gtu{t

bz

{g ug

]{ dlGb

/x¿M

-a|Xd

fo0fL,

dfx]Zj

/L,

s'df/L,

eb|s

fnL,

af/fxL,

OGb|fo0

fL,lqk'/

f;'Gb

/L_t

yfd'gL

lax

f/sf]

kl/r

o lbO{

ltgs

f wf

ld{s,

;f+:s[lt

s t

yf ;

fdflh

s

kIfx¿Jff

/] j0

f{g u

g{ .

l bz

}sf] gj

/ft

cGt

u{t

hfg

] dlGb

/x¿ M

l a|X

dfo

0fL

l

dfx]Zj

/Ll s'df/L

l eb|s

fnL

l af

/fxL

l OG

b|fo0

fLl dxfsfn

L,l dxfnId

L,l lqk'/

f;'Gb

/L

tyf

l d'gL

ljx

f/

Ø

bz}+df

sf]xL

ljBfy

L{nfO{ a

'jf c

fdf;

Fu gj

/ft

hfg

'ePs

f] 5 < e

gL k

|Zg u

g]{ .

Ø

gj/ftc

Gtu{t

s'g—

s'g

dlGb

/df

uOG5

< e

gL k

|Zg u

g]{ /

cfPsf] hjfkm

;]tf

]kf6Ldf l6Kb} h

fg] .

Ø

tL d

lGb/x

¿df

/x]s

f lz

nfn

]vx¿

l6k

f]6

ug{

nufO{

To;sf]

P]ltx

fl;s

Pjd\

;fd

flhs d

xTja

f/] h

fgsf/L l

bg] .

Ø

b;}sf] gj

/ft

cGt

u{t h

fg] d

lGb/x

¿M

a|X

dfo

0fL,

dfx]Zj

/L,

s'df/L,

eb|s

fnL,

af/fxL,

OGb|fo0

fL, d

xfsfn

L, dxfnId

L, lqk'/

f;'Gb

/L t

yf d

'gL lj

xf/d

f cjn

f]sg

e|d0f u

/fO{

5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

tL ;

Dkbfx¿

s'g

wd{;Fu

;Da

lGwt

5g\

ltgLx¿

sf] cj:

yfaf

/] k|ltj

]bg k

]; u

g{ nuf

pg]

.Ø

dlGb

/x¿sf]

kl/r

o ty

f kmf]6f]

6fF;L

kmf]6f] PN

ad a

gfpg

lbg]

¡

dlGb

/sf] lr

q ,

lznfn

]vsf] kmf]6f] ,

dlGb

/sf] le

qsf] b]j

tfsf]

kmf]6f]

¡

ls+jb

GtLx¿af

/] n]lv

Psf

l6kf]6x

¿

¡ 5nkmndf :k

i6

k|:t'l

t, ¡ k|Z

gpQ/

¡ k|ltj

]bg k

|:t'lt

^


14 15

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

v_ :y

fgLo

kf]v/Lx¿

-k'v'_

#@= t

M k'v' -kf]v/L_,g

M k'v

', afxf/] k

'v'sf]w

fld{s,

;f+:s[lt

s t

yf ;

fdflh

s

kIfx¿af

/] j0

f{g u

g{ .

l tM k

'v', g

M k'v',

afxf/]

k'v'sf] wf

ld{s,

;f+:s[lt

s t

yf

;fd

flhs k

Ifx¿

Ø

ljBfy

L{x¿nfO{ t

M k'v

', gMk'v

' / a

fxf/]

k'v'af

/] s] y

fxf 5 < e

gL k

|Zg u

g]{ .

Ø

tM k

'v', gMk'v

' / a

fxf/] k

'v'sf] wf

ld{s,

;f+:s[lt

s

tyf

;fd

flhs

kIfx¿af

/] j0

f{g u

g{ .

Ø

tL k

f]v/Lx¿

sf] lgd

f{0f t

yf ls

+jbGt

Laf/]

cfkm\g

f cle

efjs,

6f]nsf

hfg

sf/

JolQ

mx¿;Fu

e]63

f6 /

5nkmn u/

L sIffd

f k|:

t't u

g{ nuf

pg]

.Ø

tL

kf]v/Lx¿

sf]

pko

f]lutf

sf]

af/]d

f ;d"x

sfo

{ ug{

nuf

pg]

/ kf]v/L ;

'wf/,

;+/I

f0f ty

f ;Da

4{gaf

/] 5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

tM k

'v', gMk'v

' / a

fxf/] k

'v' c

jnf]s

g e|d0f u

/fO{

s'g}

Pssf] k|ltj

]bg k

|:t't

ug{ n

ufpg]

.

¡

Kff]v/Lsf lr

qx¿

¡ 5nkmndf

;xe

flutf

k|Z

gpQ/

/ k|ltj

]bg k

|:t'lt

%

u_ :yf

gLo

9'ª\u]w

f/f

##= V

jksf] k"j

{tkm{

kms]{sf gf

} j6f

9'ª\u]w

f/fx¿sf] kl/r

o ty

f ;f+:s[lt

s k

Ifaf

/] at

fpg

.

l Vj

ksf] k"j

{tkm{ kms]{sf

gf} j

6f 9

'ª\u]wf

/fx¿

M

!_ e

'n'e'n' lxlt,

@_ t

rkfn lel;

FBf]

lxlt

,

#_ e

fjf{r

f] alhuf

+rf

lxlt

,

$_ gf

;dgf

ba'

lxlt

,

%_ O

gf/]

BM l

ysRj

+u' lxlt

^_ O

gf/]

n'vflx

lt

&_ 6

f}d9L w

f}e8]n

rf]s

lxlt

Ø

Vjks

f] k"j

{tkm{

kms]{sf

gf}

j6f

9'ª\u]w

f/fx¿af

/] s—s;nfO{

s]s]

yfxf 5

< e

gL s

Iffd

f ;f]Wg

] .

Ø

Vjks

f] k"j

{tkm{

kms]{sf

gf}

j6f

9'ª\u]w

f/fx¿ /x]s

f] :y

fg t

yf To;

sf]

P]ltx

fl;s d

xTja

f/] 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

gf} j

6} 9'Ë

]wf/fx¿

M

!_ e

'n'e'n' lxlt,

@_ t

rkfn lel;

Bf] lxlt

,

#_ e

fjf{r

f] alhuf

+rf lxlt

,

¡

k"j{tk

m{ kms]{sf gf

} j6f

9'ª\u]w

f/fs

f] lr

q¡ 5nkmndf

;xe

flutf

/

k|:t'l

t

$


14 15

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

*_l6

a'S5]+ lxlt

(_

eWj

fsf lxlt

$_g

f;dgf

ba'

lxlt

,

%_Og

f/] B

M lys

Rj+u'

lxlt

^_ O

gf/]

n'vflx

lt

&_6f}d9L w

f}e8]n

rf]s

lxlt

*_l6

a'S5]+ lxlt

(_

eWj

fsf lxlt

Ø

cjn

f]sg

u/fO{ k

|ltj]b

g k|:

t't u

g{ nuf

pg]

.Ø

tL

9'ª\u]w

f/fx¿sf]

xfnsf]

l:ylt

s:t

f] 5 j

0f{g

ug{ n

ufpg]

3_ :y

fgLo

lr

qsnf

#$= u

fO{hfqfs

f] Vj

kfsf]

lrq

sf]g

{ .#%

= g

fuk~

rdLs

f] gf

usf]

lrq

sf]g

{ .

l uf

O{hfqfs

f] Vj

kfsf]

lrq

l ty

f gf

uk~r

dLs

f] gf

usf] lr

q .

Ø

;f+:s[lt

s÷

wfld

{s lrqx

¿sxfF—sxfF

s'g

a]nf

cfkm"n

] b]v

]sf]

xf] ;d"x

agfO{ 5

nkmn u

g{ nuf

pg]

.Ø

ufO{h

fqf

tyf

gfuk

~rdLs

f] lr

q b]v

fO{ o

;sf] wf

ld{s t

yf ;

f+:s[lt

s

dxT

jaf/] 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

;De

j eP

tL lrqx

¿ a

gfpFb}

u/]sf]

7fpFdf

cjn

f]sg

u/fO{

k|ltj

]bg

k|:t't

ug{

nuf

pg]

.Ø

tL lr

qx¿ ;d"x

—;d"x

ag

fO{ sf]g{

nuf

pg]

.Ø

ljBfy

L{x¿n] a

gfPs

f lr

qx¿ k

|bz{g

kf6Ldf 6fF;L k|f]T;

fxg

ug]{ .

¡

ufO{h

fqf ty

f gf

uk~r

dLs

f] j

f:tl

js

lrqx

¿

¡

5nkmn /

cjn

f]sgd

f

;xe

flutf

, k|ltj

]bgsf]

k|:t'l

taf/] d

"Nofª\

sg

$

ª_ :yf

gLo

d"lt

{snf

#^= b

/af/ I

f]qle

q /x

]sf

9'ª\uf

sf d"lt

{,wft

'sf d"lt

{ /

sf7sf d"lt

{x¿sf] 5f]6f]

kl/r

o lbg

.

#&= ltg

Lx¿sf] cjl:y

lt

atfp

g .

l b/

af/

If]qleq

/x]sf

9'ª

\ufsf d"lt

{,wft

'sf

d"lt

{ / s

f7sf

d"lt

{x¿sf] kl/r

o ty

f lt

gLx¿

sf] cjl:y

lt

Ø

b/af

/ If]qd

f e|d0f u

/L Tox

fF ePs

f 9'ª

\ufsf

d"lt

{,wft

'sf

d"lt

{ / s

f7sf

d"lt

{x¿ c

jnf]s

g ug

{ nuf

pg]

/ tL

d"lt

{sf] kl/r

o ty

f dxT

j at

fpg]

.Ø

tL d

"lt{sf s

nf k

If –s]sf] d

"lt{, d

"lt{df

/x]sf

a'6\6fx¿

/

clxn]sf]

cj:

yf

af/] cjn

f]sg

u/L s

Iffd

f k|:t

't ug

{ nuf

pg]

/ To

;df

/x]sf

efjeª\u

Lx¿ a

'em\g

lzIfs lj

Bfy

L{x¿

aLr 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

¡

9'ª\uf

, sf7 /

wft

'sf

d"lt

{x¿ e

Psf] a|;

/ ,kmf]6

f] /

Visu

al fi

le

¡ 5nkmn /

cjn

f]sgd

f ;xe

flutf

k|:t

'lt

^


16 17

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

Ø

b/af

/ If]qleq

/x]sf

9'ª\uf

sf

d"lt

{, wf

t'sf d"lt

{ / s

f7sf d"lt

{x¿ b

]vfO{

tL d

"lt{x¿

s]af

6 ag

]sf,

s'g

b]jtf

sf

tyf

sxfF cjl:y

t 5\g

< h:t

f s'/fx¿

;dfj]z u/

L 5f]6f]

kl/r

o lbg

nuf

pg]

.

Ø

ltgL

x¿ lsg

lgdf{0f ul

/P e

Gg] a

f/]

rrf{ ug

{ nuf

pg]

.

Ø

9'ª\uf

sf d"lt

{, wf

t'sf d"lt

{ / s

f7sf

d"lt

{ agf

pg]

:yfg

x¿df

e|d0f u

/L

d"lt

{ agf

pg]

k|lqmof

af/]

;f]w

k'5 u

g{ nuf

pg]

.

*=

:yfg

LoJo

j;fo

;Lk

/ k|ljlwljs

k]z

f

#*= s

[lifhGo

k]z

fcGt

u{t t

/sf/L

pAh

fpg]

k]zf,k

mnkm"n

pAh

fpg]

k]zf,

cGg

pAh

fpg]

k]zf ty

f t]n

xg

pAh

fpg]

k]zfs

f] kl/r

o lbg

.

#(= t

L k]z

fx¿sf] kmfObf

tyf o;

sf] cfw

'lgstf

af

/] at

fpg

.

l t/

sf/L pAh

fpg]

k]zf,

l kmnkm"n p

Ahfp

g] k]z

f,

l cGg

pAh

fpg]

k]zf

tyf t]n

xg p

Ahfp

g] k]z

fsf] kl/r

o, k

mfObf

tyf oL

k]zfx¿sf]

cfw

'lgstf

.

Ø

:yfg

Lo ¿

kdf pTk

fbg

x'g] s

[lifhGo

k]z

fx¿df

cGg

pAh

fpg]

k]zf,

t/sf/L

pAh

fpg]

k]zf,

kmnkm"n

pAh

fpg]

k]zf

/ t]n

xg pAh

fpg]

k]zfs

f] kl/r

o lbg]

.

Ø

cGg

pAh

fpg]

k]zf,

t/sf/L p

Ahfp

g] k]z

f, kmnkm"n p

Ahfp

g] k]z

f / t

]nxg

pAh

fpg]

k]zfs

f] dxT

jaf/] 5nkmn

ug]{

Ø

cGg

pAh

fpg]

k]zf,

t/sf/L p

Ahfp

g] k]z

f, kmnkm"n p

Ahfp

g] k]z

f / t

]nxg

pAh

fpg]

k]zfs

f] kmfObf ty

f o;

k]z

fsf]

cfw

'lgstf

af

/]df

lzIfsn]

lj:t

[t Jo

fVof

ug]{

.

¡

cGg

u]8f

u'8L,t

f]/L,

;'s]sf ;fu

x¿ /

fv]sf]

Knfl:

6ssf kfs]6x

¿

kmnkm"nsf lr

q zAb

kQ

L /

visu

al fi

le

¡ 5

nkmn,c

jnf]s

gdf

;xe

flutf

,k|lt

j]bg

/ k|Z

gf]Q/

%


16 17

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

v_ sf};

L v]tL

$)=

sf};

L v]tL

sf] kl/r

o,

o;sf] kmfObf t

yf s

f};L

v]tL

ug{

.

l sf};

L v]tL

sf] kl/r

o,

l sf};

L v]tL

df Wo

fg

lbg'k

g]{ s'/fx¿

l sf};

L v]tL

sf

kmfObfx¿

Ø sf};

L v]tL

eg]s

f] s] xf] <

egL

ljBfy

L{x¿;Fu

k|Zg

ug]{ .

Ø

;fd

fGoto

f s'g}

klg

3/ ty

f ejg

sf]

5t,

a/0

8fdf pko

'Qm efF8

f], ud

nf,

af]/fh:t

f ;fd

u|Ldf af

]6la¿

jf t

yf

t/sf/L pdfg

]{ k|ljlwnfO{ s

f};L v]tL

elgG5

egL

atf

pg]

.Ø

ljBfy

L{x¿n] c

f–cfkm\g

f] 3/d

f sf};

L v]tL

u/]

gu/]s

faf/] 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

sf};

L v]tL

sf] kmfObf t

yf s

f};L v]tL

ug

]{ ljlwa

f/] a

tfpg]

.Ø

;De

j eP

ljBfn

osf]

s'g}

7fpFdf

sf};

L v]tL

ug]{

.

¡

lel8

of] lSn

K;, l

rq

jf

t:jL/

¡ sf};

L v]tL e

g]sf]

s] x

f] < o

;sf

kmfObfx¿

at

fpg'x

f];\ .

%

u_ k|fª\u

fl/sdn

$!= efG5

faf6 lg:

sg]

kmf]x/n

fO{ s

'lxg]

/ gs

'lxg]d

f 5'6\o

fO{ s

'lxg]

kmf]x/n

fO{ k

|fª\uf

l/sdn

agfp

g .

l k|fª\u

fl/sdnsf] kl/r

o l k|fª\u

fl/s d

n a

gfpg]

tl/s

f

l k|fª\u

fl/sdnsf

kmfObfx¿

Ø

k|fª\u

fl/sdn e

g]sf] s

] xf]< e

gL k

|Zg

ug]{ .

Ø

k|fª\u

fl/sdn s

–s;sf]

3/d

f 5 <

egL

k|Zg

ug]{

.

Ø

cfkm\g

f] 3/,

efG5

faf6

lg:s

]sf

h}ljs k

mf]x/n

fO{ s

Dkf]:6

ljgd

f /fv

L sDk

f]:6

dn

agfp

g ;ls

g] s'/f

atfp

g] .

Ø

k|fª\u

fl/sdn a

gfpg]

ljlwx¿

tyf

kmfObfx¿

af/]

atfp

g] .

Ø

;De

j eP

ljBfn

osf]

efG5

faf6

lg:s

]sf] h}ljs k

mf]x/a

f6 ljB

fnos

f] s'g}

7fpFdf

sDk

f]:6

dn a

gfpg

/ ljBfy

L{x¿nfO{ c

jnf]s

g u/

fpg]

.

¡

lel8

of] lSn

K;, k

mf]6f]x¿

¡ k|fª\u

fl/s d

n

eg]s

f] s] x

f] <

o;sf kmfObfx¿

at

fpg'x

f];\ .

%


18 19

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

:yfg

Lo

:t/s

f u}/

s[lifhGo

k]z

fx¿

$@= :y

fgLo

:t/

sf

u}/s[lifhGo

k]zfx¿dWo

] kmlg{r/, j

s{zk, ls/fgf

k;

nsf] kl/r

o, d

xTj,

kmfObf t

yf ;

d:o

fx¿

atfp

g .

l kmlg{r/, j

s{zk,

ls/fgf

k;n

Øs[lifhGo

sfd

x¿af

x]s c

fly{s n

fesf

lglDt

cfkm\g

f kl/j

f/sf

;b:

ox¿

s]s]df nfu

]sf 5g\, 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø ljBfy

L{af6 k

|:t't

ePs

f u}/

s[lifhGo

k]z

fx¿sf] ;fd

fGo h

fgsf/L lbg]

.Ø

ljB

fyL{x¿nfO{

jf:t

ljs s

fo{If]qd

f cjn

f]sg

e|d0f u

/fpg]

/ Jo

j;fo

L;Fu

5nkmn

u/]/

l6k]s

f] a'Fb

fx¿sf]

cfw

f/df k|ltj

]bg t

of/

ug{ n

ufpg]

¡

t:jL/

tyf

visu

al

file

¡ k|ltj

]bg /

k|Z

gf]Q/

#

nf]k x

'g nfu

]sf] :

yfgL

o j]z

e"iffx¿

$#= nf]k x

'g nfu

]sf]

:yfg

Lo j

]ze"iffx¿

dWo

] k'y

' lDx

rf -;

's]{ y

}nL_

sf]

lgdf{0f k|lqmof

atf

pg

.

l k/

Dk/fut

k'y'

lDxrf

-;'s]{ y

}nL_

Ø

nf]k x'g

nfu

]sf] :

yfgL

o j]z

e"iffx¿

sf]

;"rL to

f/ u

g{ nuf

pg]

.Ø

;'s]{ y}n

Lsf]

kl/r

o, o;

sf]

dxT

j,

k|of]u

, df}ln

stf

cflb

af/]

sIffd

f 5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø ;

's]{ y

}nL

lgdf{0f

ug]{ 7

fpFdf

cyj

f ;'s]{ y}n

L lgdf{0f

ug]{ ;"rLs

f/nfO{

sIffd

f af

]nfO o

;sf] lgdf{0f k|lqmof

at

fpg

nuf

pg]

/ lgdf{0f

k|lqmof

sf]

k|ltj

]bg t

of/

ug{ n

ufpg]

.

¡

k/Dk

/fut

;'s]{ y

}nL

¡

lel8

of] lSn

K;\ .

¡ k

|:t'tL

/

k|ltj

]bgsf]

cfw

f/df d"No

fª\

sg

ug]{ .

%

sk8

fsf]

k'tnL

$$= s

tfd/L -sk8

fsf]

k'tnL_

agfp

g] tl

/sf

atfp

g .

l stf

d/L -k't

nL_

Ø s

k8fs

f] k't

nL

agfP/

s–s

;n]

v]Ng

'ePs

f] 5<

egL

sIffd

f ;a}n

fO{

k|Zg

ug]{ .

Ø s

k8fs

f] k't

nL

agfp

g] k|lqmof

af/]

sIffd

f 5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø 3

/df t

yf l5

d]sdf s

;}nfO{ s

k8fs

f] k't

nL a

gfpg

cfp

F5 e

g] l;

s]/ cfp

g k|]l/t

ug]{

.

¡

sk8

fsf] k't

nL ty

f le

l8of

] lSn

K;\ .

¡ cjn

f]sg

%


18 19

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

Ø

sk8

fsf] k

'tnL a

gfpg]

:yfg

df n

u]/

jf k't

nL

agfp

g cfp

g] Jo

lQmn

fO{

sIffd

f af

]nfP/

k'tnL

lgdf{0f

ug]{

k|lqmof

atf

pg]

.

Ø

k|To]s

ljBfy

L{nfO{

k'tnL

agfp

g nuf

O{ pgL

x¿n] ag

fPsf

k'tnLx¿

k|bz{g

ug]{ .

v_ :y

fgLo

k|ljlwM

df6f]a

f6 a

Gg]

;fd

u|L

$%=

df6f]a

f6 a

Gg]

udnf,

lgdf{0f ug

]{ k|lqmo

f at

fpg

tyf d''s'G8

f] lgdf{0f ug

{ .

l df]6fs

f] ud

nf lgdf{0f

k|lqmof

l d's'G8

f] lgdf{0f ljlw

Ø

udnf

b]vfp

Fb} o;

sf]

dxT

j ty

f lgdf{0f k|lqmof

sf] af

/] 5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

udnf ag

fpg]

:yfg

df e|d0f u

/fO{

o;sf] lgdf{0f k|lqmof

af/]

k|:t't

ug{

nuf

pg]

.

Ø

df6fs

f] ;–;

fgf

d's'08

f] ag

fpg]

tl/s

f at

fpg]

/ lgd

f{0f ug

{ k|l/t

ug]{ . -;

j{k|yd

s]xL d

f6f] lnP/

cfkm"n

] ag

fpg

rfx]sf]

d's'G8

f]df

6fF:g

] .

/fd|/L ;

a}lt/

lyRg

] . df6f]n

fO{ la

:tf/}

lgsfNg]

. 5fk]sf]

df6f]

;'Sg

lbg

] .

pQm ;'s]sf] df6f]d

f csf]{,

sfn

f]df6f]

6fF:g

] / la

:tf/} lg

sfNg]

.ca

tkfOF{sf]

d's'G8

f] to

f/ e

of] .

cGt

df cfjZo

s

lkmlg

l;ª

ug]{ ._

-d's'08

f]sf]

;fFr

f] ag

fpg]

/ ;fFr

f]af6 d

's'08

f] ag

fpg]_

Ø

ljBfy

L{n]

agfPsf

d's'G8

f]df

/ª\u

e/L k

|bz{g

ug]{ .

¡

df6fs

f] ud

nf /

visu

al fo

otag

e x?

¡ k|:

t'tLs

/0f ty

f lgdf{0f u/

]sf]

;fd

u|Lsf] cfw

f/df

d"No

fª\sg

ug]{

%


20 21

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

g]jf/L vfB

kl/s

f/$^= of

]d/L, d

'6'd/L /

Nx

f]+rfd

/L a

gfpg

l of

]d/L, d

'6'd/L

Nxf]r

fd/L

Ø t

kfOF{x

¿dWo

] s–s

;n]

of]d/L,

d'6'd

/L,

Nxf]r

fd/L

vfg

'ePs

f] 5<

of] s

lxn] a

gfpF5<

of] s

'g hflt

n]

agfp

F5<

o;sf kmfObfx¿

s]s] 5

g\ h:t

f ljle

Gg

k|Zg

u/]/

sIffd

f 5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø ;

a} ljBfy

L{x¿sf]

;xe

flutf

df

-;De

j_

eP

lzIfs

klg_

of

]d/L,

d'6'd

/L

tyf

Nxf]+r

fd/L

agfp

g nuf

pg]

.Ø

ljB

fyL{n

] ag

fPsf]

of]d/L,

d'6'd

/L

tyf

Nxf]r

fd/Lsf]

cfs

f/–k

|sf/,

agf}6, rfs

' tyf

ltn

/fv

]sf]

cflb

cjn

f]sg

ug]{ .

Ø g

ldn]sf] 7fpFdf lz

Ifsn] l;sfp

g] .

Ø p

Qm

agfPsf]

of]d/L,

d'6'd

/L ty

f Nx

f]rfd

/Lx¿

jfkmd

f ks

fpg]

.Ø

kfls

;s]sf]

of]d/L,

d'6'd

/L

tyf

Nxf]r

fd/L a

fF8]/

v'jfpg]

.

¡

of]d/L,d

'6'd/L, N

xf]rfd

/L

agfp

g cfjZo

s

efF8

fs'F8f

,

¡

lel8

of] lSn

K;\

¡ of

]d/L,d

'6'd/L

Nxf]r

fd/L ag

fpg]

k|of]u

fTds s

Iffd

f ;xe

flutf

,

%

$&= k':

6sf/L ag

fpg

l k':

6sf/Ls

f kmfObfx¿

ty

f k':

6sf/L ag

fpg

cfjZo

s ;

fdu|L

x¿

Ø

k':6s

f/L b]v

fpFb}

k':6s

f/L s] x

f]< o

f] s;/L ag

fOG5

<

o;sf

kmfObfx¿

s]s] 5

g\ < rsn]6e

Gbf k

':6sf/L l

sg

kmfObf 5

g\< h

:tf k|Z

g u/

L 5nkmn

ug]{ .

Ø

k':6s

f/L a

gfpg

cfjZo

s ;

fdu|L

x¿

-rfs

', b"w

, l3

p,

efF8

fs'F8f

, Uo

fF;_

hDd

f u/

L ag

fpg]

k|lqmof

af/]

hfg

sf/L lbg]

.

Ø

;a}n

fO{ k

':6sf/L ag

fpg

lbg]

.

¡

k':6s

f/L ag

fpg

rflx

g] ;fd

u|Lx¿

¡

tyf le

l8of

] lSn

K;\ .

¡ k':

6sf/L ag

fpg]

k|of]u

fTds s

Iffd

f ;xe

flutf

%


20 21

Vjksf] klxrfg

If]q

l;sfO p

knAw

L÷

ljlz

i6 p

2]Zo

laifo

lj:

t[[tLs

/0f

;De

fljt

lzIf0f l;sfO lqmof

snfk

;De

fljt

z}lIfs

;fd

u|Lx¿

;De

fljt

d"No

fª\sg

k|lqmof

kf7\o

ef/

(= :yfg

Lo

:jf:Yo

k|a4

{g ljlw

$*= ;

fwf/0f :yf

gLo

pkr

f/ ljlws

f] k|o

f]u u

g{ l ;fw

f/0f p

krf/

ljlwx¿

h:t

}M

l rf}n

fgLkfg

L /

/fhj[I

f

l xft

v'§f d

s+{bf k

|of]u

ug]{ k

fMjf;

Ø

cf–cfkm\g

f] 3/d

f ;fw

f/0f l

a/fd

L x'Fb

f 3/d

f g}

pkr

f/ u

g]{ 3/fo;

L tl

/sfx¿

ljBfy

L{x¿;Fu

;f]Wg

] / 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

s'g}

/f]u

jf

rf]6k6

s

nfUb

f 3/}d

f pkr

f/ u

g{ nuf

Psf] s'g}

h8L

a'6Lx¿sf]

gfd j

f pkr

f/ l

jlw

5 e

g] ;f]Wg

] /

;]tf

]kf6Ldf n]Vg

] .Ø

ljBfy

L{x¿af

6 cfPsf

gfdx¿

af/]

5nkmn u

/L h

l8a'l6s

f] gf

d /

pkr

f/

ljlwsf]

pko

f]lutf

sf]

5nkmnkl5

3/fo;

L pkr

f/ ljlwx

¿sf] 5nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

ljBfy

L{x¿;Fu

yfxf e

Psf] yk

3/fo;

L pkr

f/ l

jlw

;f]Wg

] / T

o;nfO{ q

mdzM

l6Kb} 5

nkmn u

g]{ .

Ø

yk p

krf/ ljlwa

f/] 5

nkmn u

g]{, h

:t}M

Ø

rf}n

fgL k

fgL /

/fh

j[Ifs

f] k|of

]u, a

gfpg]

ljlw t

yf p

krf/ x

'g] /f]us

f] hfg

sf/L

Ø

xft

v'§f d

s{bf k

|of]u

ug]{

Ø

kfMjf;

agf

pg]

tl/s

f /

k|of]u

ljlw

¡

rfd

n,

¡

/fhj[I

f ¡

n]k-kfMjf;

_ sf] nflu

cfjZo

s ;

fdu|L

x¿

¡ rf}n

fgLkfg

L /

/fhj[I

f ;fd

fGoto

fM s'g

/f]us

f] nflu

k|of

]u ul

/G5<

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22 23

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23 24

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22 23


23 24


24 25

Vjksf] klxrfg

sIff & sf] nflu d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofk|of]ufTds sfo{ of] k|of]hgsf nflu s"n kf7\o3G6Lsf %) k|ltzt ;do lbg' clgjfo{ 5 . sIffleq, sfo{zfnfdf jf :ynut kl/of]hgf sfo{;d]tdf lbOPsf] ;donfO{ k|of]ufTds ef/leq lng ;lsg]5 . k|of]ufTds sfo{sf nflu :yfgLo :t/df pknAw x'g] ;|f]t JolStx¿sf] ;d]t ;xof]u lng' kg]{5 .

d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof Vjksf] klxrfg ljifosf] l;sfO pknlAw d"Nofªsgsf nflu ;}4flGts k/LIff / k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;}4flGts kIfsf] d"Nofª\sgsf nflu sIffdf ljBfyL{x¿sf] ljifout 5nkmndf ;xeflutf, u[xsfo{, k|Zgf]Q/, k|of]ufTds lj|mofsnfkx¿df ;xeflutf, k|of]ufTds lj|mofsnfksf clen]vx¿ / ljleGg lsl;dsf k/LIffx¿ cflbsf] k|of]u ug'{k5{ . sIff & sf] o; ljifodf %) k"0ff{ª\ssf ;}4flGts k/LIff / %) k"0ff{ª\ssf] k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g]5 .

%) k"0ff{ª\ssf] ;}4flGts k/LIffsf nflu cª\sef/ lgDgfg';f/ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M

qm=;+= ljifo If]q cª\sef/

! Vjksf] gfds/0f / ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt $

@ Vjksf] Oltxf; %

# :yfgLo ljleGg hfthflt, JolQmTj / hg;ª\Vof $

$ :yfgLo ljljw ;+:s[lt ^

% k|rlnt :yfgLo ;+:sf/x¿ #

^ :yfgLo af]nLrfnL / lnlk #

& :yfgLo snf / ;Dkbf *

* :yfgLo Joj;fo ;Lk / k|ljlw *

( :yfgLo pkrf/ ljlw #

!) :yfgLo v]nx¿ #

!! :yfgLo ko{6g #

hDdf %)

To;} u/L k|of]ufTds kIfsf] d"Nofª\sgsf nflu lgDgfg';f/sf cfwf/x¿ lng'kb{5 M t ;f]wvf]h u/L k|ltj]bg k|:t'lt t k|of]ufTds sfo{sf] clen]v t ;fdu|L lgdf{0f / k|of]u t n3' kl/of]hgf sfo{ -of]hgfsf] vfsf lgdf{0f_t df}lvs k/LIff

%) k"0ff{ª\ssf] k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf nflu cª\sef/ lgDgfg';f/ ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M

qm=;+= ljj/0f cª\sef/

! ;f]wvf]h u/L k|ltj]bg k|:t'lt !)

@ k|of]ufTds sfo{sf] clen]v %

# ;fdu|L lgdf{0f / k|of]u @)

$ n3' kl/of]hgf sfo{ of]hgfsf vfsf lgdf{0f !)

% df}lvs k/LIff %

hDdf %)


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24 25

Vjksf] klxrfg

kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z u/LPsf ljlzi6 p2]Zox¿ / ltgsf ljifoj:t'x¿sf] cfwf/df ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfO pknlAwx¿sf] d"Nofª\sg ul/g'kb{5 . pknlAw d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/x¿ lgDgfg';f/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf 5g\ M

!= ljlzi6 p2]Zox¿cg'¿k ljBfyL{x¿n] ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ eGg] ;DaGwdf lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg ul//xg'k5{ .

@= x/]s PsfOsf] cWofkg ;dfKt ePkl5 pSt PsfOsf a'Fbfut ¿kdf pQ/ lbg ;Ifd eP gePsf] kQf nufO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . To;kl5 dfq csf]{ PsfO ;'¿ ug'{kb{5 .

#= o;/L ul/Psf d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df lzIf0f l;sfOdf cfjZos ;'wf/ u/L cWofkgnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg'kb{5 .

$= ljBfyLx¿n] l;s]sf 1fg, ;Lk / Jojxf/sf s'/fx¿ cleefjsnfO{ klg hfgsf/L u/fO{{ / ljBfno tyf 3/df ljBfyL{n] ug]{ lj|mofsnfksf af/]df lzIfs–cleefjsaLr cGt/lj|mof u/]/ l;sfOdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsG5 .

%= Vjksf] klxrfg ljifosf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿n] ;d'bfodf ;f]w–vf]h u/]sf ljifoj:t'x¿ pgLx¿sf] cfkm\gf l;h{gfx¿, k|ltj]bgx¿h:tf ljleGg sfo{x¿sf] lzIfsåf/f cjnf]sg u/L pgLx¿sf] l;sfO pknlAwsf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 / d"Nofª\sgsf] clen]v klg /fVg'kb{5 .

^= d"Nofª\sg sfo{sf nflu 1fg / af]w, k|of]ufTds tyf vf]hd"ns ;Lk, ;dfnf]rgfTds lrGtg ;Lk / clej[lQ kIfnfO{ ;Fu;Fu} ;d]6]sf] x'g'kb{5 .

d"Nofª\sgsf] k|sf/ s_ lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg – cjnf]sg – u[xsfo{ – ;fKtflxs k/LIff – dfl;s k/LIff – PsfO k/LIff – sIff k/LIff cflb v_ lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sg – klxnf] q}dfl;s k/LIff— !) k|ltzt – bf];|f] q}dfl;s k/LIff— #) k|ltzt – clGtd k/LIff— ^) k|ltzt

lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sgsf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ cfwf/x¿ to ul/Psf 5g\ M

lsl;d k|sf/ cª\sef/

lnlvt d"Nofª\sg clt ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg !)

;ª\lIfKt pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg @)

nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg @)

k|of]ufTds d"Nofª\sg %)

hDdf !))


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Vjksf] klxrfg

eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf · e"ldsf g]kfn Ps ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts, ax'hftLo / ax'wfld{s tyf ef}uf]lns...

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Transcript of eQmk'/ gu/kflnsf · e"ldsf g]kfn Ps ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts, ax'hftLo / ax'wfld{s tyf ef}uf]lns...