I];]O [ hC[ZF .DFD[ DCNL sVP;Pf EFU o Z - s3-eu-west-1 ... · bpmL$_¡ cf‘yf àepf L$f¡ R>¡...

I];]O[ hC[ZF

.DFD[ DCNL sVP;Pf

EFU o Z

1. _pa¡gp (_dpT¡ ib), Tuepf[¡ Apiyfp, Tuepf[¡ ¯ d¡Ap ‘X$hp_u [pL$u]$ 2. 10 hjfi_p bpmL$_¡ riap dmu. 3. blŒ$g Ap¡gyd (A.f.)_¡ Bdpd A.k._u dygpL$p[ 4. dygpL$p[_p¡ ]$php¡ _ L$fhp¡ ¯ ¡BA¡. 5. dp-bp‘_¡ Myi fpMp¡. 6. A¡L$ Aprgd¡ q]$__¡ Bdpd A.k. _u dygpL$p[. 7. lTf[_u B_pe[\u ‘— _u_¡ riap dmu. 8. ]$pX$d_p¡ âk‹N 9. Bdpd¡ hL$[ dp¡Adu_p¡_u ‘_plNpl R>¡. 10. dyL$]$]„$k¡ A]fi$b¡gu (A.f.)_¡ Bdpd_u dygpL$p[. 11. i¡M dy[fiTp AÞkpfu (A.f.)_¡ Bdpd A.k._u dygpL$p[ 12. Tìhpf¡ Bdpd A.k._¡ ‘f¡ip_ L$f_pf Mp]$ud_p¡ A‹¯ d. 13. Ap‹M\u \[p Ny_pl\u bQhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Bdpd A.k. \u dygpL$p[. 14. Bdpd A.k._u kgpd[u dpV¡$ k]$L$p¡ L$pY$ep¡. 15. Aby dp¡lçd]$ A‹^ \B Nep¡. 16. Bb°plud Bå_¡ dl¡Tuepf_¡ Bdpd A.k._u dygpL$p[ 17. ‘r[-‘— _u_p d[c¡]$_y kdp^p_ 18. i¡M dyau]$ A.f._¡ Bdpd A.k._p¡ ‘Ó. 19. Bdpd A.k._¡ ]$f¡L$ hı[y_u dprl[u R>¡. 20. ‘N_p T¿ddp‹\u riap dmu. 21. lp˘ Agu bN]$p]$u_¡ Bdpd A.k._u dygpL$p[ 22. Neb[¡ Bdpd A. dp‹ Ap‘Zu S>hpb]$pfu : Bdpd lzk¥_ A. ‘f fX$hy‹ 23. Ap‘Zu Bdpd A. â— e¡_u afS>:Bdpd_p rhep¡N_p ] y$:Mdp‹ ip¡L$d`_ 24. b_hy‹. 25. Ap‘Zu Óu˘ S>hpb]$pfu : BÞ[¡Tpf 26. Bdpd¡ Aıf A._p riepAp¡ kp\¡ ]$p¡ı[u L$fhu A_¡ d]$]$Œ$‘ \hy‹. 27. Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k._u Myiu dpV¡$ MQfi L$fhp¡. 28. Bdpd A._¡ q]$g\u Qplhp A_¡ L$gpd \L$u Bdpd A._u d]$]$ L$fhu. 29. ‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡ A.dy.k._u âi‹kpdp‹ L$gpd fQhp. 30. Bdpd A.k.dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhu. 31. Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhp_p L¡$V$gpL$ ape]$pAp¡. 32. Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. dpV¡$ L¡$V$guL$ ] y$ApAp¡.

âı[ph_p

lpgdp‹ Ap‘Zp Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. Neb[dp‹ R>¡, [¡_p¡ d[gb A¡hp¡ _\u L¡$

Bdpd A.k. ApMu ] y$r_ep\u kph AgN \B A¡L$p‹[dp‹ L$p¡B Aop[ ı\m¡ ˘ ‹] $Nu

hu[ph¡ R>¡. Neb[_p¡ A\fi A¡ R>¡ L ¡$ gp¡L$p¡_¡ Bdpd A.k. _p fl¡W$pZ_y‹ op_ _\u.

ANf [¡Ap¡ Bdpd A.k. _¡ Sy>A¡ [p¡ ‘Z [¡d_¡ Ap¡mMu iL$[p _\u. Bdpd kpq]$L$

A.k. A¡L$ l]$ukdp‹ afdph¡ R>¡ : "" gp¡L$p ¡ [¡d_¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡ ‘Z [¡d_¡ Ap¡mMu iL$[p

_\u’’ (dyÞ[Mbyg Akf cpN-2, ‘p. 301)

Ap‘Z¡ Ap‘Zu Ny_¡lNpf _S>fp¡\u Bdpd_¡ [p¡ _\u ¯ ¡B iL$[p ‘f‹[y Bdpd

A.k. Ap‘Z_¡ S>Œ$f ¯ ¡B fü p R>¡. ANf L$p¡B_¡ Ap hp[_p¡ Al¡kpk \pe L¡$ ]$f¡L$

‘m¡ Bdpd A.k._u _S>fp¡_u kdn R>¡ [p¡ OZpb^p Ny_plp¡\u bQu S>i¡. aL$[ _¡L$

L$pep£S> Bdpd A.k._u _T]$uL$u_y‹ L$pfZ R>¡.

Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. A� pl_p¡ ]$fhp¯ ¡ (bpby� pl) R>¡ A_¡ AıdpD� pl

(A� pl_y‹_pd) ‘Z R>¡. ANf Ap‘Z¡ Ap dl—h‘|Zfi hkugp_u d]$]$\u ] y$Ap dpNuiy‹

[p¡ ] y$ApAp¡ L$byg \i¡.

B. f¡Tp A.k. afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ Bdpd A¡L$ d]$]$Npf R>¡, A¡L$ ]$p¡ı[ R>¡, A¡L$

hp—kºe cepfi r‘[p R>¡, A¡L$ Qpl_pfp cpB R>¡, A¡L$ A¡hu dp R>¡ S> ¡ ‘p¡[p_p _p_L$X$p

bpmL$_¡ cf‘yf àepf L$f¡ R>¡ (Dkyg¡ L$pau cpN - 1 ‘¡. 200)

eL$u__ Bdpd A.k. Ap‘Z_¡ kNp dp-bp‘ L$f[p ‘Z h^y Qpl¡ R>¡.

[L$guadp‹ Ap‘Z¡ Bdpd A.k. _¡ [L$gua S>Zphhu ¯ ¡BA¡. Bdpd A.k. _u is…[

A_¡ [pL$p[ D‘f A¡L$ _S>f L$fuA¡ [p¡ Bdpd A.k. Ap ] y$r_ep_p ‘V$ D‘f A� pl_u

lzS>S>[ R>¡. Ap‘Z_¡ A¡ hp[_p¡ rhï hpk lp¡hp¡ ¯ ¡BA¡ L¡$ Ap‘Zp Bdpd A.k. Ap‘Zu

d]$]$ L$fi¡ L$pfZ L¡$ A¡L$ dl¡fbp_ q‘[p_¡ ‘p¡[p_p ‘f¡ip_ ‘yÓ_u lpS>[p¡ ‘yfu

L$fhpdp‹ Ap_‹]$ \i¡.

qL$ıkp¡ - 1 _pa¡gp (_dpT¡ ib), rTepf[¡ Apiyfp, rTepf[¡ ¯ d¡Ap ‘X$hp_u

[pL$u]$ kpg¡l [L$u k¥. lpiud dykhu [pTuf kpL$u_ fí[\u qfhpe[ L$f¡g Ap ‘°k‹N_¡

_S>dyıkpL$ub _pd_u qL$[pbdp‹ gMhpdp‹ Apìep¡ R>¡. [¡Ap¡ hfA A_¡ [L$hpdp‹ blz

dilzf l[p. Bbp]$[NyTpf B[pA[NyTpf A_¡ Tuepf[ A_¡ lL$L$p¡_u A]$peNudp‹ ‘pb‹]$

l[p. [¡Ap¡ bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ rl. 1280 dp‹ lz‹ lS>S>¡ b¥[y� pl_p‹ Bfp]$p\u gbf¡T Apìep¡ l[p¡.

A_¡ lz‹ lp˘ kafAgu [p˘ f [bf¡˘ _p Of¡ dl¡dp_ [fuL¡$ fü p¡. Ap q]$hkp¡dp‹ lS> dpV¡$

L$p¡B L$pagp¡ S>hp_p¡ _ lp¡hp\u lz‹ \p¡X$p q]$hk —ep dl¡dp_ [fuL¡$ fü p¡. —ep kyû L¡$ lp

låbpf Sy>g|]$pf \p¡X$p¡ kpdp_ gB_¡ dL$pd¡ [fbyT S>[p l[p. lz‹ ‘Z [¡d_u kp\¡ khpfu

cpX¡$ L$fu_¡ Qpghp gpèp¡.

¿epg A¡ l[p¡ L¡$ L$p¡B L$pagp¡ ApNm S>B fü p¡ R>¡ A_¡ ce‹L$f (X$fpdZp¡) fı[p¡

Aphhp_p¡ R>¡. [¡\u Ad¡ S>g]$u fhp_p \hp_y‹ _L$L$u L$eyfi A_¡ kyål\u ÓZ L$gpL$ ‘l¡gp

fpÓ¡ fhp_p \ep. l˘ \p¡Xy‹$ A‹[f L$pàey l[y‹ —ep [p¡ Apkdp_dp‹\u k¿[ bfa_p¡ hfkp]$

iŒ$ \B Nep¡. dpfp kp\uAp¡A¡ Q¡lfp Y$p‹L$u ]$u^p A_¡ TX$‘\u ANm h^hp gpèp. d¡

L$p¡iuj L$fu. ‘f‹[y lz‹ kp\¡ flu i…ep¡ _lv, A_¡ ‘pR>m flu Nep¡. A¡V$g¡ ky uL¡$ lz‹ Op¡X$p

D‘f\u D[fu_¡ A¡L$ S>èpA¡ b¡ku Nep¡. [¡ kde¡ lz‹ A¡L$gp¡ A_¡ X$f¡gp¡ l[p¡. dpfu ‘pk¡

600 [ydp_ l[p. Oˇ rhQpepfi ‘R>u _L$L$u L$eyfi L¡$ khpf kyû Alv flui. ‘R>u dpfp ı\m¡

‘pR>p¡ afu S>Ci. A_¡ L¡$V$gpL$ kp\uAp¡_¡ luapT[ dpV¡$ kp\¡ gBi. Ap kp¡Q rhQpfdp‹ d¢

dpfu kpd¡ A¡L$ bpN (bNuQp¡) ¯ ¡ep¡, A_¡ ¯ ¡ey L¡$ [¡dp‹ A¡L$ kpl¡b h'n ‘f\u bfa kpa

L$fu fü p R>¡. d_¡ ¯ ¡B_¡ [¡Ap¡ dpfu ‘pk¡ Apìep A_¡ \p¡X$p ]y$f Dcp flu_¡ d_¡ ‘yR„>ey.

""[d¡ L$p¡Z R>p¡ $?’’ d¡ L$ü y ""dpfp kp\uAp¡ ApNm Qpºep Nep R>¡, A_¡ lz‹ A¡L$gp¡ ‘X$u

Nep¡ Ry>‹, A_¡ fı[p¡ d_¡ dm[p¡ _\u.’’ [¡dZ¡ apfku cpjpdp‹, d_¡ L$ü y, ""_pa¡gp

(_dpT¡ ib) ‘Y$p¡, fı[p¡ dmu S>i¡.’’ [¡d_y‹ afdp_ kp‹cmu_¡ lz‹ _pa¡gp (_dpT¡ ib)

‘Y$$hp gpèp¡. d¡ _dpT¡ [lS>Sy>]$ (_dpT¡ ib) ‘yfu L$fu, —ep [¡ kpl¡b afu dpfu ‘pk¡

Apìep, A_¡ afdpìey L¡$ ""[d¡ l˘ _\u Nep ?’’ d¡ L$ü y, ""fı[p¡ _\u ¯ Z[p¡, L$ep‹ ¯ D

?’’ afdpìey L¡$ ""¯ d¡Ap (Tuepf[¡ ¯ d¡Ap) ‘Y$p¡.’’ ‘f‹[y d_¡ Tuepf[¡ ¯ d¡Ap ep]$ _

l[u. ‘f‹[y lz‹ OZu hM[ Ap Tuepf[ ‘Y$[p¡ l[p¡. [¡\u d¡ Tuepf[ ‘Y$hp_y‹ iŒ$ L$eyfi A_¡

‘yfu Tuepf[ ‘Y$u guû. —epf¡ afu hM[ [¡ kpl¡b Apìep A_¡ L$ü y, ""[d¡ AluS> R>p¡,

Nep _\u.’’ [¡ kde¡ lz‹ b¡ B¿[¡epf fX$hp gpèp¡ A_¡ L$ü y L¡$ ""lz‹ iy‹ L$Œ$, lz‹ fı[p¡S> _\u

¯ Z[p¡’’ [¡dZ¡ afdpìey ""Tuepf[¡ Apiyfp ‘Y$p¡.’’ ‘f‹[y Tuepf[¡ Apiyfp ‘Z d_¡

Tbp_u ep]$ _ l[u. ‘f‹[y d¡ ‘X$hp_y‹ iŒ$ L$eyfi [p¡ d¡ ‘yfu Tuepf[ gpA_[, kgpd, A_¡

]y$Ap kp\¡ ‘Y$u guû. [p¡ afu hM[ [¡ byTyfiNhpf dpfu ‘pk¡ Apìep A_¡ L$ü y, ""[d¡ Nep

_\u, l˘ Alu S> dp¥Sy>]$ R>p¡ ?’’ d¡ dpfu dS>byfu_p¡ BTlpf L$ep£. —epf¡ [¡Ap¡A¡ afdpìey,

""kpŒ$, lz‹ [d_¡ [dpfp L$pagp kyû ‘lp¢QpX$u ]$D Ry>‹.’’ [¡Ap¡ khpfu ‘f khpf \ep A_¡

d_¡ L$ü y L¡$ ‘pR>m b¡ku ¯ Ap¡. lz‹ b¡ku Nep¡, A_¡ dpfp Op¡X$p_u gNpd M¢Qu, ‘f‹[y [¡

S>èp\u lfL$[ _ L$fu. [¡dZ¡ L$ü y L¡$ ""gNpd d_¡ ]$ep¡’’ d¡ gNpd [¡d_p lp\dp ]$uû,

Op¡X$p¡ [¡d_u ¯ [¡ Qpghp Nep¡ A_¡ Ad¡ fı[p D‘f Aphu Nep.

Qpg[p S> [¡Ap¡A¡ dpfp Tp_y (Np¡W$Z) D‘f lp\ fpMu_¡ lu]$pe[ L$fu, L¡$ [d¡

_pa¡gp (_dpT¡ ib) ip dpV¡$ _\u ‘Y$$[p ? _pa¡gp, _pa¡gp, _pa¡gp, ÓZ hM[

afdpìey. ‘R>u [¡S> fu[¡ lzL$d Apàep¡ L¡$ Tuepf[¡ Apiyfp ip dpV¡$ _\u ‘Y$[p. (Tuepf[¡)

Apiyfp, Apiyfp,Apiyfp ‘R>u lu]$pe[ L$fu L¡$ (Tuepf[¡) ¯ d¡Ap ip dpV¡$ _\u ‘Y$[p.

¯ d¡Ap, ¯ d¡Ap, ¯ d¡Ap. [¡ hM[¡ fı[p¡ TX$‘\u ‘kpf \B fü p¡ l[p¡, A¡L$pA¡L$

afdpìey L¡$ kpd¡ [dpfp kp\u]$pfp¡ R>¡. S>¡Ap¡ _]$u L$u_pf¡ _dpT¡ kyål dpV¡$ hyTy L$fu fü p

R>¡. ApV$gy L$lu_¡ [¡Ap¡A¡ d_¡ khpfu D‘f\u D[pfu ]$u^p¡. —epf ‘R>u lz‹ dpfp Op¡X$p D‘f

khpf \hp BˆR>[p¡ l[p¡, ‘f‹[y khpf _ \B i…ep¡. [¡Ap¡ My]$ D[epfi A_¡ d_¡ khpf

L$fu_¡ Op¡X$p_p Ql¡fp_¡ A¡ [fa L$fu ]$u^p¡ S>¡ [fa dpfp kp\uAp¡ l[p. [¡ kde¡ d_¡ ¿epg

Apìep¡ L¡$ Ap kpl¡b (byTyfiNhpf) L$p¡Z R>¡, S>¡Z¡ dpfu kp\¡ apfku dp‹ hp[ L$fu. ¯ ¡ L¡$ Ap

rhı[pfdp‹ Ap cpjp bp¡gp[u _\u. A_¡ L¡$V$gu dl¡fbp_u\u [¡Ap¡A¡ d_¡ dpfp ]$p¡ı[p¡

(kp\uAp¡) \u dygpL$p[ L$fphu ]$uû. lh¡ lz‹ ¯ ¡D Ry> [p¡ [¡ kplb (B. Tdp_p l. dl]$u

A.k.) NpA¡b \B Nep A_¡ L$p¡B r_ip_ ‘Z ]¡$Mp[y _ l[y. —epf ‘R>u lz‹ dpfp kp\uAp¡

‘pk¡ ‘lp¢Qu Nep¡ (Bfap_¡ Bdpd[, qL$ıkp¡ - 46)

qL$ıkp¡ - 2

10 hjfi_p bpmL$_¡ riap dmu hıkpA¡gyíiuAp A_¡ bu˘ L¡$V$guL$ Bºdu qL$[pbp¡_p g¡ML$ dlp_ Aprgd¡

]$u_ d. i¡M lzffif¡ Apd¡gu A.f. qL$[pb Aıbp[yg lp¡]$p dp‹ gM¡ R>¡ L¡$

""ly‹ gNcN 10 hjfi_p¡ l[p¡, —epf¡ A¡hp¡ rbdpf ‘X$u Nep¡ L¡$ lL$udp¡ A_¡

X$p¡L$V$fp¡ dpfp BgpS> L$fhp\u \pL$u Nep. dpfp ]$p¡ı[p¡ A_¡ kNp k‹b‹ûAp¡ dpfu

‘\pfu_u ApSy>bpSy> c¡Np \B Nep l[p,A_¡ dpfp dp¥[_p H[¡Tpfdp‹ l[p. [¡Ap¡_¡

eL$u_ \B Ney l[y L¡$ lz‹ dfu S>Bi. [¡Ap¡ fX$hpdp‹ diNyg l[p.

Ap fpÓ¡ d¡ ıhà_dp‹ l. fkyg¡ My]$p k.A.h. [\p bpf Bdpdp¡_u Tuepf[

L$fu. d¡ ¯ ¡ey L¡$ [¡Ap¡ dpfu ApSy>bpSy>dp‹ Dcp R>¡.

d¡ [¡Ap¡_u Mu]$d[dp‹ kgpd L$fu A_¡ ]$f¡L$_u kp\¡ dykpa¡lp¡ L$ep£. l. B.

¯ af¡ kpq]$L$ A.k. A_¡ dpfu hˆQ¡ hp[Qu[ \B, S>¡ d_¡ A—epf¡ ep]$ _\u. ‘f‹[y

d_¡ A¡V$gy ep]$ R>¡ L¡$ Ap‘ lTf[ A.k. A¡ dpfp lL$L$dp‹ ]y$Ap L$fu A_¡ ˜epf¡ d¢ l.

Bdpd¡ hguA¡ Aıf Afhplzg Apgdu_ glzg au]$p (Bdpd dl]$u A.k.) _u

kp\¡ dykpa¡lp¡ L$ep£, —epf¡ d¡ fX$[p fX$[p ATfi L$fu L¡$ d_¡ X$f gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ L$]$pQ lz‹ Ap

rbdpfudp‹ dfu S>Bi, A_¡ Bºd lp‹kug L$fhp_p¡ dpfp¡ Bfp]$p¡ ‘yfp¡ _lv \pe.

Ap‘ (Bdpd dl]$u A.k.) A¡ afdpìey, ""X$fp¡ _lv [d_¡ Ap rbdpfu\u

dp¥[ _lv Aph¡, A� pl ([.[.) [d_¡ iuap Ap‘i¡ [dpfu gp‹bu Tv]$Nu \i¡.’’

Bdpd A.k. _p lp\dp ‘pZu_y‹ A¡L$ hpkZ l[y‹. [¡Ap¡A¡ d_¡ ]$u^y A_¡ ‘pZu ‘uhp

L$ü y d¡ [f[S> [¡ ‘pZu ‘u^y. [p¡ [f[S> d_¡ riap ([‹]y$fı[u) dmu NB A_¡ dpfu

rbdpfu ‘yf¡ ‘yfu M—d \B NB. dpfp kNpk‹b‹ûAp¡ S>¡Ap¡ —ep b¡W$p l[p, [¡d_¡

Myb _hpB gpNu, A_¡ [¡Ap¡ AQ‹bpdp‹ ‘X$u Nep —ep kyû L¡$ d¡ AdyL$ q]$hkp¡ ‘R>u

âk‹N bep_ L$ep£.

(dygpL$p[¡ B. Tdp_p A.k. cp.-1 qL$ıkp¡ 52 ‘¡. 250)

qL$ıkp¡ - 3

blŒ$g Ap¡gyd A.f. _¡ Bdpd A.k. _u dygpL$p[

dilyf qL$[pb dyÞ[lzg AAdpgdp‹ dp¡lØ uk¡ Ly$çdu, A� pdp S>gugyg L$Ö

Aprgd Te_yg Apb¡]$u_ kgdpku A� pdp blŒ$g Dgyd (fl.) _p âb‹^ L$[pfi \u

d_Ly$g R>¡ L¡$ : S>¡ kde¡ A� pdp blŒ$g-Dgyd (f.) dL$L$pA¡ dp¡ATTdp‹ dp‹ fl¡[p

l[p, A_¡ l_au, ipa¡B, lçbgu, A_¡ dpg¡L$u, Apgudp¡_¡ ]kfi Ap‘u fü p l[p. [¡

hM[¡ Ap‘_u bnuk A_¡ A[pAp¡_p L$pfZ¡ Ap‘_p¡ MQfi blzS> hû Nep¡ l[p¡.

MQfi blzS> hû S>hp_p gu^¡ dpfu ‘pk¡ A¡L$ ‘¥kp¡ ‘Z _ l[p¡ d¡ k¥e]$_¡ ATfi L$fu L¡$

MQfi A¡V$gp¡ b^p¡ R>¡ ‘f‹[y dpfu ‘pk¡ A¡L$ ‘pB ‘Z _\u. Ap‘¡ L$p‹B S>hpb _

Apàep¡. Ap‘_p¡ r_—e¾$d A¡ l[p¡ L¡$ Ap‘ khpf¡ Mp_A¡ L$pbpdp‹ [hpa dpV¡$ [ifua

gB S>[p ‘R>u Of¡ ‘pR>p afu_¡ ‘p¡[p_p Mpk Ap¡fX$pdp‹ S>[p, —ep‹ S>B lzL$L$p¡ ‘u[p.

—epf ‘R>u —ep\u blpf Aphu_¡ bu¯ Ap¡fX$pdp‹ S>[p S>ep‹ rhrh^ ‘‹\_p

rhÛp\wAp¡ c¡Np \[p A_¡ [¡ ]$f¡L$_¡ [¡d_pS> ‘‹\ dyS>b [¡Ap¡_¡ ]$kfi Ap‘[p. lz‹

ApNgp q]$hk¡ [¡Ap¡_¡ [‹N]$ı[u_u afuep]$ L$fu Qy…ep¡ l[p¡, [¡ ‘R>u [hpa L$fu_¡

Apìep ‘R>u lSy> [p¡ d¡ [¡Ap¡_u Mu]$d[dp‹ lzL$L$p¡ fSy >S> L$ep£ l[p¡ —ep AQp_L$ L$p¡BL¡$

bpfZ¡ V$L$p¡fp¡ dpep£ d¡ ¯ ¡ey L¡$ V$L$p¡fp_p¡ AhpS> kp‹cmu_¡ k¥e]$ A¡L$]$d b¡Q¡_ \B

Nep A_¡ afdphey‹ : L¡$ Alu\u lzL$L$p¡ blpf gB ¯ h, A_¡ ‘p¡[¡ TX$‘\u Dcp \B_¡

bpfˇ Mp¡gu _p¿ey‹. d¡ ¯ ¡ey L¡$ Afb_p¡ ‘p¡ipL$ ‘qf^p_ L$f¡gp A¡L$ S>gugygL$Ö

i¿k ‘^pepfi, Ap¡fX$pdp‹ Aphu_¡ k¥e]$_p Ap¡fX$pdp‹ b¡ku Nep. k¥e]$ MybS>

ApS>¡Tu A_¡ _d°[p kp\¡ A]$b ‘yhfiL$ ]$fhp¯ ‘pk¡ Nep. [¡Ap¡A¡ d_¡ lzL$L$p¡ ‘pk¡ _

gphhp_p¡ Bipfp¡ L$ep£. k¥e]$ AdyL$ kde kyû [¡Ap¡ kp\¡ hp[Qu[dp‹ diNyg

b¡ku fü p. —epf ‘R>u [¡ i¿k Dcp \ep. k¥e]¡$ [yf‹[S> Dcp \B ]$fhp¯ ¡ Mp¡ºep¡,

[¡ i¿k_p lp\_¡ Qyçep A_¡ ]$fhp¯ ‘pk¡ Dcp fl¡g DV$ D‘f [¡Ap¡_¡ khpf L$epfi.

[¡ i¿k Qpºep Nep. k¥e]$ ‘pR>p aepfi —epf¡ [¡Ap¡_p Ql¡fp_p¡ f‹N b]$gpB Nep¡

l[p¡. [¡Ap¡A¡ dpfp lp\dp‹ A¡L$ QuÌ$u Ap‘u_¡ afdpìey L¡$ Ap lhpgp¡ R>¡ [¡_¡ kap

A_¡ dfhp_u ‘lpX$uAp¡_u hˆQ¡ fl¡[p ifpa_¡ Ap‘, A_¡ [¡_p b]$gpdp‹ [¡ S>¡ L$p‹B

Ap‘¡ [¡_¡ gB Aphp¡. d¡ [¡ QuÌ$u gB S>B _¡ ifpa_p lp\dp‹ Ap‘u. [¡ ifpa¡ [¡ QuÌ$u

lp\dp‹ gB_¡ Qy‹b_ L$eyfi A_¡ L$ü y : L¡$ ¯ h \p¡X$p dSy>f gB Aphp¡ lz‹ dSy>f _¡ gB

Apìep¡. dSy>fp¡A¡ i…e [¡V$gp äp‹kuku fuepg (äp‹k_p kuL$L$p) DW$phu gu^p. lz‹

dSy>fp¡_¡ gB ‘pR>p¡ aep¡fi lz‹ A¡L$ q]$hk [¡ ifua_¡ dmhp dpV¡$ kap_p ‘lpX$ D‘f Nep¡

—ep dL$p_ L¡$ L$p¡B ifpa_u ]y$L$p_ _ l[u. d¡ —ep ApSy>bpSy> fl¡[p gp¡L$p¡_¡ ‘yR>ey [p¡

¯ Zhp dþey L¡$ : [¡hp L$p¡B ifpa_¡ ¯ ¡ep¡ _\u L¡$ _ [p¡ [¡Ap¡ ifpa rhi¡ L$p‹B ¯ Z¡

R>¡.lz‹ kd˘ Nep¡ L¡$ My]$p_p flıep¡ ‘¥L$u_y‹ Ap A¡L$ flıe R>¡. (Bfap_¡ Bdpd[,

qL$ıkp¡ - 31)

qL$ıkp¡ - 4

dygpL$p[_p¡ ]$php¡ _ L$fhp¡ ¯ ¡BA¡

A� pdp blŒ$g Ap¡gyd_p¡ bu¯ ¡ A¡L$ dl—h_p¡ âk‹N R>¡. A� pdp dS>guku

(f.) _p¢^¡ R>¡ L¡$ : ApL$pA¡ T¥e_yg Apb¡]$u_ kgdpku_y‹ bep_ R>¡ L¡$ : lz‹ A� pdp

blŒ$g Ap¡gyd (f.) _u b¡W$L$dp‹ lpS>f l[p¡, —epf¡ A¡L$ dpZk¡ [¡Ap¡_¡ âí_ L$ep£ L¡$

Neb[¡ Ly$bfp_p Tdp_pdp‹ A.[.a.i. _p ]$u]$pf \hp i…e R>¡ ? [¡ hM[¡ blpŒ$g

Ap¡gyd (f.) _p lp\dp‹ lzL$L$p_u _mu l[u. [¡Ap¡A¡ dı[L$ TyL$phu ]$u^y A_¡ Ap

âdpZ¡ ^ud¡\u bp¡ºep, S>¡ d¡ kp‹cýey :

Ap dpZk_¡ lz‹ iy‹ S>hpb Ap‘y ? lLuL$[dp‹ [p¡ B. Tdp_p A.k. d_¡

ApgvN_ Ap‘u (R>p[u kfkp c¡V$u) Qy…ep R>¡. bu˘ bpSy> l]$ukdp‹ hpfu]$ \ey R>¡

L¡$ : S>¡ dpZk Neb[_p Tdp_pdp‹ ([¡Ap¡ A.k.) _¡ ¯ ¡hp_p¡ ]$php¡ L$f¡ [¡_¡ Sy>W$gphu

]$p¡. —epf ‘R>u Ap¡gdpA¡ Ap hp[ OZu hM[ DˆQpfu. —epf ‘R>u ‘|R>_pf_¡ S>hpb

Ap‘[p afdpìey : dpAkydu_ A.k._u l]$ukp¡dp‹ hpfu]$ \ey R>¡ L¡$ l. lzS>S>[

(A.[.a.i.) _¡ ¯ ¡hp_p¡ ]$php¡ L$f_pf_¡ Sy>W$gphu ]$p¡. A� pdpA¡ [¡ dpZk_p

S>hpbdp‹ D‘f_p hp…e rkhpe buSy> L$p‹B _ L$ley, A_¡ [¡_p S>hpbdp‹ Ap hp…e

‘yf[y kdS>ey. Ap b_ph\u A¡ hp[ ¯ Zhp dm¡ R>¡ L¡$ : l. Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (AS>.) _p

]$u]$pf \hp i…e R>¡, ‘f‹[y ([¡Ap¡ A._¡ ¯ ¡hp_p¡) ]$php¡ lfNuT _ L$fhp¡ ¯ ¡BA¡.

[¡_p\u L$p¡B Mp¡V$u ]$p_[hpmp_¡ ‘p¡[p_u ]y$L$p_ S>dphhp_u [L$ âpÆ \pe R>¡. (Ag

dyÞ[Tf ,lu.k. 1415 ‘¡. _‹. 18)

qL$ıkp¡ - 5

dp-bp‘ _¡ Myi fpMp¡

b¡lpf_p 53 dp‹ ‘yı[L$_p ‘p_p _‹bf 245 dp‹ A� pdp dS>guku _p¢^¡ R>¡ L¡$ :

i¡M bpL$f L$pTdu_y‹ bep_ R>¡ L¡$ : A¡L$ kpq]$L$ A_¡ kpg¡l i¿k l[p¡ S>¡ blzS> _¡L$

dpZk l[p¡. [¡_p r‘[p h'Ý^ l[p. [¡Z¡ ‘p¡[p_p h'Ý^ r‘[p_u k¡hp L$fhpdp‹ L$]$u

Nag[ L$fu _ l[u. [¡ [¡_p h'Ý^ r‘[p_u A¡V$gu bû k¡hp L$f[p¡ L¡$ [¡_p r‘[p

Ly$]$f[u lpS>[ dpV¡$ S>[p —epf¡ [¡ gp¡V$p_u S>èpA¡ gp¡V$p¡ dyL$u ]¡$[p¡. A_¡ ˜ep kyû [¡_p

r‘[p A‹]$f fl¡[p —ep kyû blpf BÞ[¡Tpf L$f[p¡. [¡ L$epf¡e ‘Z [¡_p r‘[p\u ]y$f

_ fl¡[p¡ A_¡ l‹d¡ip ‘p¡[p_p r‘[p_u Mu]$d[ L$fhp dpV¡$ [—‘f fl¡[p¡ l[p¡. [¡ dpZk

aL$[ d‹Nmhpf¡ kp‹S>¡ (A¡V$g¡ by^hpf_u ib) dı ]¡$ kl¡gpdp‹ S>[p¡ A_¡ [yf‹[S>

‘pR>p¡ afu S>[p¡ d¢ [¡_¡ dı ]$ S>º]$u R>p¡X$hp_y‹ L$pfZ ‘yR„>ey —epf¡ [¡Z¡ L$ü y : lz‹

Qpguk d‹Nmhpf (by^hpf_u ib kyû) dı ]$¡ kl¡gp Nep¡. ˜epf¡ 40 dp‹

d‹Nmhpf¡ S>hp dp‹N[p¡ l[p¡, —epf¡ dNfub_p kde¡ —ep S>hp_y‹ i…e _ bÞey. —ep

S>hp dpV¡$ A¡L$gp¡ fhp_p \ep¡. Qp‹]$_u fp[ l[u, lz‹ \p¡X$p¡L$ S> ApNm hÝep¡ l[p¡ A_¡

Óu¯ cpN_p¡ fı[p¡ lSy> bpL$u l[p¡, [¡hpdp‹ A¡L$ AAfpbu_¡ ¯ ¡ep. [¡Ap¡ Op¡X$p D‘f

khpf l[p. A_¡ dpfu [fa Aphu fü p l[p. d¡ dpfu ¯ [_¡ L$ü y L¡$ : Ap dpZk d_¡

(gyV$u_¡) r_hfiıÓ L$fu _pMi¡. [¡ dpfu ‘pk¡ ‘lp¢êp¡. [¡Z¡ dpfu kpd¡ NpdW$u

cpjpdp‹ hp[Qu[ L$fu A_¡ lz‹ L‹$B S>èpA¡ ¯ h Ry>‹ [¡ ‘yR„>ey. d¢ L$ü y L¡$ dı ]¡$

kl¡gpdp‹ S>B fü p¡ Ry>‹. [¡Z¡ ‘yR„>ey : [pfu ‘pk¡ Mphp ‘uhp_y‹ L‹$B R>¡ ? d¢ L$ü y _p. [¡Z¡

L$ü y L¡$ : [pfp Muıkpdp‹ lp\ [p¡ _pM. (Ap hp…e [¡Z¡ NpdW$u cpjpdp‹ L$ü y) d¡ L$ü y

: dpfp Muıkpdp‹ L$p‹BS> _\u. [¡Z¡ afuhpf [¡S> hp[ L$fu. d¡ dpfp Muıkpdp lp\

_p¿ep¡. S>¡dp \p¡X$p L$ukduk_p ]$pZp l[p. S>¡ d¡ dpfp bpmL$p¡ dpV¡$ Mfu]$ep l[p.

A_¡ [¡_¡ Muıkpdp‹ _pMu_¡ cygu Nep¡ l[p¡, S>¡ l˘ kyû Muıkpdp‹ ‘X$Øp l[p.

[¡ ‘R>u AAfpbuA¡ dpfu [fa dyM a¡fhu_¡ ÓZ hM[ Ap âdpZ¡ L$ü y :

DkuL$ bug Ah]$ (Afb b]$]y$_u NpdW$u cpjpdp‹ h'Ý^ r‘[p_¡ Ah]$ L$l¡hpe R>¡)

A¡V$g¡ L¡$ lz‹ [pfp h'Ý^ r‘[p rhi¡ hkue[ L$Œ$ R>y‹. ApV$gy L$lu_¡ dpfu _S>fp¡\u NpA¡b

\B Nep. —epf¡ d_¡ kdS>Z ‘X$u L¡$ [¡Ap¡ l. lzS>S>[ A.k. R>¡ A_¡ lz‹ dpfp h'Ý^

r‘[p\u Sy>]$p¡ \ph [¡ hp[\u [¡Ap¡ fp˘ _\u. A¡V$g¡ kyû L¡$ lz‹ d‹Nmhpf_u fpÓ¡

(by^hpf_u ib¡) ‘Z dpfp r‘[p\u Sy>]$p¡ \ph [¡ hp[ [¡Ap¡_¡ ‘k‹]$ _\u. (Bfap_¡

Bdpd[, qL$ıkp¡ - 15)

qL$ıkp¡ - 6

A¡L$ Aprgd¡ ]$u__¡ Bdpd A.k. _u dygpL$p[

qL$[pb¡ dkpbuldp‹ lp˘ ApL$p fTp ld]$p_u bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ : l. lzS>S>[

A.[.a.i. L$epf¡L$ ‘p¡[p_p Mpk riApAp¡ kdn ‘p¡[p_¡ ¯ l¡f L$f¡ R>¡. ]$p.[. 50

hjfi ‘l¡gp A¡L$ A—e‹[ ‘pL$uTp kuf[ hpmp Apgud A.flud ]$dph‹]$u kp\¡

dygpL$p[ L$fu l[u. [¡Ap¡_y‹ bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ lz‹ dpfp Ofdp‹ fpÓ¡ b¡W$p¡ l[p¡. [¡ ApV$gu

bû A‹^pfu fp[ l[u L¡$ lp\ ‘Z kyS>[p _ l[p. [¡ fp[¡ d¡ lTf[ A.k. _u

Tuepf[ L$fu. lTf[ L$ubgp [fa Dcp l[p. Ap‘_p [¡S>ıhu Ql¡fp ‘f\u _yf

a¡gp[y l[u. [¡ _yf A¡V$gy b^y âL$piu[ l[y L¡$ S>du_ D‘f buR>ph¡g ‘p\fZp ‘f

L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡gu ApL'$r[ ‘Z ¯ ¡B iL$p[u l[u.

(Ag dyÞ[Tf lu. 1415, ‘¡S> _‹. 19)

qL$ıkp¡ - 7

lTf[_u B_pe[\u ‘—_u_¡ riap dmu.

lzS>S>[yg Bıgpd hg dyıg¡du_ ApL$pA¡ lpS> i¡M dp¡lçd]$ dy—[L$u ld]$p_u,

S>¡Ap¡_p [L$hp A_¡ ‘fl¡TNpfu ¯ Zu[u l[u, [¡Ap¡A¡ _p¢Ýey R>¡ L¡$ : [¡Ap¡_u ‘—_u

A^fib¡lp¡iu_u lpg[dp‹ l[u BgpS> L$f_pfpAp¡ [¡Zu_u kpfhpf L$fu_¡ _ufpi \B

Qy…ep l[p. A¡V$g¡ kyû L¡$ 22 kaf 1397 _p fp¡S> ApL$pA¡ dyÑL$uA¡ AX$û fp[¡

bpfNpl¡ lTf[dp‹ afuep]$ L$fu. A_¡ [¡\u lTf[ A.k._u B_pe[p¡\u [¡d_u

‘—_uA¡ ‘y_: [‹]y$fı[u âpÆ L$fu. Ap âk‹N_y‹ ApL$pA¡ dyÑL$uA¡ ‘p¡[¡ rhN[hpf

hZfi_ L$eyfi R>¡.

(Ag dyÞ[Tf lu. 1415, ‘¡S> _‹. 19)

qL$ıkp¡ - 8

]$pX$d_p¡ âk‹N

AÓ¡ A¡L$ b_ph âı[y[ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ R>uA¡. S>¡_p\u Bdpd¡ (A.) b¡lf¥__p

riepAp¡_u d]$]$ L¡$hu fu[¡ L$fu l[u [¡ kd¯ e R>¡. b¡lf¥_ il¡f A‹N°¡¯ ¡ _p L$å dp‹

l[y. A‹N°¡¯ ¡ A¡ —ep‹_p lpqL$d [fuL¡$ A¡L$ dyıgud_u r_ey…[u L$fu l[u. b¡lf¥__p¡

lpqL$d _pkbu lTf[ Agu A._p¡ rhfp¡û l[p¡. [¡_p ]$fbpfdp‹ S>¡ hTuf l[p¡, [¡

[¡_u L$f[p ‘Z ‘n‘p[u hgZ ^fph[p¡ l[p¡. blf¥__p fl¡hpkuAp¡_u hı[u_p¡

dp¡V$p¡cpN A¡lg¡b¥[ (A.dy.k.)_p Qplhphpmp riepAp¡_p¡ l[p¡. hTuf [¡ gp¡L$p¡_p¡

k¿[ ]y$íd_ l[p¡. A_¡ A¡hy‹ BˆR>[p¡ l[p¡ L¡$ Nd¡ [¡d L$fu_¡ riepAp¡_u hı[u M—d

\B ¯ e. Ap dpV$¡ l‹d¡ip L‹$BL$_¡ L‹$BL$ blp_p ip¡Ýep L$f[p¡ l[p¡. A¡L$ hM[ hTuf

A¡L$ ]$pX$d gB_¡ ]$fbpfdp‹ Nep¡. A_¡ lpL$ud kdn ]$pX$d fSy> L$eyfi. ]$pX$d_u R>pg ‘f

gM¡gy l[y : " gpA¡gpl B� gpl dp¡lçd]y$f fkygy� pl AbybL$f, h Ddf h Dıdp_

h Agu Mp¡gapAp¡ fkygu� pl’ lpL$ud¡ [¡ ]$pX$d_¡ Ýep_\u ¯ ¡ey. [¡_¡ Ap Anfp¡

Ly$]$f[u fu[¡ S> gMpep lp¡hp_y‹ gpèy A_¡ Ap Anfp¡ L'$qÓd fu[¡ gMpep lp¡hp_p¡

AZkpf kyÝ^p _ Apìep¡. Ap ¯ ¡B_¡ lpL$ud¡ h˘ f_¡ L$ü y L¡$ Ap blzS> ı‘ô $ ]$gug

R>¡ L¡$ fpaTuAp¡_p¡ dTlb bpr[g R>¡. Ap bpb[dp‹ [dpfp¡ ip¡ Arcâpe R>¡ ? hTuf¡

[yf‹[S> S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ : Ap riepAp¡ (dTlbu bpb[p¡dp‹) ‘n‘p[u kdyl R>¡.

A_¡ ı‘ô $ ]$gugp¡_p¡ ‘Z BÞL$pf L$f¡ R>¡. Ap‘ lzL$d L$fp¡ [p¡ b^p riepAp¡_¡ Alv

c¡Np L$fu_¡ Ap ]$pX$d ]¡$MpX$uA¡. Ap ¯ ¡B_¡ [¡Ap¡ Ap‘Zp¡ (N¥f - riep) dTlb

ıhuL$pfu g¡i¡. [p¡ Ap‘Z_¡ b^p¡ S> khpb dmi¡. A_¡ ¯ ¡ [¡Ap¡ Ap‘Zp¡ dTlb

ıhuL$pfhp_p¡ BÞL$pf L$f¡ [p¡ [¡d_u kpd¡ ÓZ if[p¡ fSy> L$fhu. A_¡ lzL$d Ap‘hp¡ L¡$

Ap ÓZdp‹\u L$p¡B A¡L$ if[ L$byg L$fp¡.

‘l¡gu i[fi :- elz]$uAp¡ A_¡ BkpBAp¡_u S>¡d V¡$n (dp¡V$u fL$d L$fh¡fp Œ$‘¡)

Ap‘¡.

bu i[fi :- Ap ı‘ô $ ]$gugp¡_p¡ S>hpb gph¡, S>¡ [¡d_p N¯ blpf_u hp[

R>¡.

Óu˘ i[fi :- [¡Ap¡dp‹_p ‘yŒ$jp¡_¡ L$—g L$fu _pMhpdp‹ Aph¡, [¡d_u ıÓuAp¡

A_¡ bpmL$p¡_¡ L¥$]$u b_phhpdp‹ Aph¡ A_¡ [¡d_u rdºL$[ S>Æ L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡. lpL$ud¡

hTuf_u Ap hp[_¡ ıhuL$pfu guû A_¡ [yf[S> riep Apgudp¡ A_¡ byTyNp£_¡

]$fbpfdp‹ bp¡gphhpdp‹ Apìep. [¡Ap¡_¡ gMpZhpmy ]$pX$d ]¡$MpX$hpdp‹ Apìey‹ A¡_p¡

k‹[p¡jL$pfL$ S>hpb Ap‘hp_y‹ L$l¡hpdp‹ ApìeyA_¡ [¡Ap¡ S>hpb _ Ap‘u iL¡$ [p¡ ÓZ

if[p¡ fSy> L$fhpdp‹ Aphu. [¡ ]$pX$d ¯ ¡B_¡ iuep Apgudp¡ Apï Qefidp‹ NfL$ph \B

Nep. A_¡ [¡_p¡ S>hpb Ap‘u _ i…ep, [¡Ap¡_p Ql¡fp_p¡ f‹N DX$u Nep¡. [¡d_p

ifuf ^°yS>hp gpèp A_¡ [¡d_p ‘N _uQ¡\u ^f[u kfL$hp gpNu. riep byTyfiNp¡A¡

lpL$ud ‘pk¡\u ÓZ q]$hk_u dy]$[ dp‹Nu A_¡ L$ü y L¡$ ¯ ¡ [¡Ap¡ ÓZ q]$hkdp‹ L$p¡B

S>hpb gphu _ iL¡$ [p¡ lpL$ud_¡ ep¡ e gpN¡ [¡ L$fhp_p¡ Ar^L$pf R>¡. dy]$[ dmu NB.

[dpd riepAp¡_u duV$vN dmu. S>¡dp‹ [¡Ap¡dp‹\u ]$k dyÑL$u, ‘fl¡TNpf Apgudp¡_¡

‘k‹]$ L$fu [¡dp\u ÓZ Apgudp¡_¡ ‘k‹]$ L$fhpdp‹ Apìep A_¡ L$l¡hpdp‹ Apìey L¡$

¾$dp_ykpf ÓZ¡e Apgud¡ S>‹Ngdp‹ S>B_¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _p hkugp\u My]$p

‘pk¡ d]$]$ dp‹Nhu. [¡Ap¡dp‹_p A¡L¡$ S>‹Ngdp‹ S>B_¡ khpf ky^u Bbp]$[ dy_p¯ [ A_¡

]y$ApAp¡dp‹ fp[ NyTpfu. [¡dZ¡ khpf¡ ‘pR>p Aphu_¡ riep byTyNp£_¡ Mbf Ap‘u L¡$

L$p¡B DL$¡g _ dþep¡. bu fp[¡, bu¯ Apgud¡ S>B_¡ [¡Ap¡S> Adg L$ep£. [¡d_¡e

DL¡$g _ dþep¡. Óu˘ fp[¡ dp¡l‹d]$ bu_ Bkp _pd_p Óu¯ Apgud_p¡ hpfp¡ Apìep¡.

dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Bkp DOpX$p ‘N¡ A‹^pfu fp[dp‹ S>‹Ng [fa Qpºep. ApMu fp[

My]$p_u d]$]$ dp‹N[p fü p A_¡ riepAp¡ Ap Akp^pfZ dp¡V$u bgp V$mu ¯ e [¡ dpV¡$

]y$ApAp¡dp‹ díNyg fü p. [¡dZ¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.) _¡ afuep]$p¡ L$fu A_¡ d]$]$

dp‹Nhu iŒ$ L$fu. fpÓu_p R>¡� p ‘lp¡fdp‹ [¡d_u _S>f A¡L$pA¡L$ A¡L$ i¿k ‘f ‘X$u.

S>¡Ap¡A¡ [¡d_¡ k‹bp¡^u_¡ L$ü y : ""Ae dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Bkp iy‹ \ey ? lz‹ [dp¡_¡ L¡$hu

lpg[dp‹ ¯ ¡B fü p¡ Ry>‹. Aphp h¡fp_ S>‹Ngdp‹ ip dpV¡$ Apìep R>p¡ ? [¡dZ¡ S>hpb

Apàep¡. Ae cpB, [y d_¡ dpfu lpg[ ‘f R>p¡X$u ]¡$, lz‹ dp¡V$u dyíL¡$gudp‹ akpep¡ Ry>‹. lz‹

dpfu Ap dyíL¡$gu_¡ dpfp Bdpd (A.) rkhpe L$p¡B_¡ ‘Z _lv L$lz‹. [¡ i¿k¡ L$ü y.

Ae dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Bkp lz‹ S> "kpl¡byg Ad°’ Ry>‹, [dpfp q]$g_u hp[ d_¡ L$lp¡ [¡Z¡

L$ü y "Ae dpfp ApL$p, ¯ ¡ Ap‘ kpl¡byg Ad° R>p¡ [p¡ Ap‘ ¯ Zp¡ R>p¡ L¡$ lz‹ L¡$V$gu dp¡V$u

‘f¡ip_udp‹ O¡fpA¡g Ry>‹. Ap‘ Adpfp Bdpd R>p¡ A_¡ Ad_¡ dyíL¡$guAp¡dp‹\u dys…[

A‘ph_pfp R>p¡. Bdpd A. d¡ afdpìey, Ae dp¡l‹d]$ bu_ Bkp hTuf_p Ofdp‹ A¡L$

]$pX$d_y‹ h'n R>¡. hTuf¡ ]$pX$d_p ApL$pf_y‹ dpV$u_y‹ A¡L$ buby (ågp¡L$) b_ph¡g R>¡.

S>¡_p b¡ cpN R>¡. bß ¡ cpNp¡dp‹ [¡Z¡ A¡ Anfp¡ Y$pm¡gp R>¡, S>¡ bubp_¡ ]$pX$d kp\¡

gNpX$u ]$u^p l[p. ]$pX$d_y‹ am S>fp dp¡Vy$ \ey —epf¡ [¡ Anf [¡_u D‘f L$p¡[fpB Nep.

L$pg¡ [d¡ lpL$ud ‘pk¡ ¯ h —epf¡ L$l¡ ¡ L¡$ Ad¡ S>hpb gpìep R>uA¡. S>¡ Ad¡ hTuf_p

Of¡ S>B_¡ Ap‘uiy‹. [d¡ hTuf_p Of¡ ¯ h —epf¡ Of_p S>dZp cpNdp‹ D‘f A¡L$

Ap¡fX$p¡ R>¡. ˜epf¡ [¡ Ap¡fX$pdp‹ ‘lp¢Qp¡ —epf¡ lpL$ud_¡ L$l¡¯ ¡ L¡$ [dpfp¡ S>hpb Ap

Ap¡fX$pdp‹ R>¡. hTuf A¡hp âe—_p¡ L$fi¡ L¡$ lpL$ud [¡ SyA¡ _lu ‘Z [d¡ A¡ ]¡$MpX$hp

dpV¡$ ApN°l L$f¯ ¡. hTuf D‘f ¯ e —epf¡ [d¡ ‘Z kp\¡ S>¯ ¡ A_¡ [¡Ap¡_¡ A¡L$gp

dy…[p _lv. [d¡ S>¡hp [¡ Ap¡fX$pdp‹ ]$pMg \ip¡ L¡$ [yf[S> [d_¡ ]$uhpgdp‹ A¡L$ bpL$p¡Œ$

]¡$Mpi¡. [¡dp A¡L$ ka¡]$ \¡gu li¡. [¡dp‹S> ]$pX$d_p Anf L$p¡[fhp dpV¡$_p bubp R>¡. S>¡

L$pY$u_¡ lpL$ud_u kpd¡ fpMu ]¡$¯ ¡. —epf ‘R>u ]$pX$d_¡ lpL$ud kpd¡ fpMu_¡ L$l¡¯ ¡ L¡$

Ad¡ Ap‘_¡ A¡L$ bu¯ ¡ dp¡A˘ Tp¡ ‘Z ]¡$MpX$uA¡ R>uA¡. Ap ]$pX$d_u A‹]$f dpV$u A_¡

L$uX$pAp¡ rkhpe buSy> L‹$B _\u. ¯ ¡ Ap‘ Ap lL$uL$[ ¯ Zhp dp‹N[p lp¡ [p¡ hTuf_¡

Ap ]$pX$d Mp¡ghp_y‹ L$lp¡. hTuf Ap ]$pX$d_¡ [p¡X$i¡ L¡$ [f[S> [¡_p¡ Ql¡fp¡ dpV$u A_¡

L$uX$pAp¡\u R>hpB S>i¡.’’

dp¡lçd]$ bu_ BkpA¡ Bdpd A.k._p ‘rhÓ dyM¡\u Ap hp[ kp‹cmu_¡

MybS> fp˘ \[p \[p Of¡ ‘pR>p aepfi. khpf¡ gp¡L$p¡_u kp\¡ lpL$ud_p ]$fbpfdp‹ S>B

‘lp¢êp A_¡ Bdpd A.k._p kd¯ ìep dyS>b_u bû bpb[ ‘f Adg L$ep£.

lpL$ud Ap b^y ¯ ¡B, kp‹cmu _¡ Apï Qefidp‹ Xy$bu Nep¡. A_¡ [¡Z¡ dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Bkp

_¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ Ap bû dprl[u [d_¡ L$p¡Z¡ Ap‘u ? [¡Z¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$, Adpfp

Tdp_p_p Bdpd¡, S>¡Ap¡ My]$p_u lzS>S>[ R>¡. lpL$ud¡ ‘yR„>ey : [dpfp Bdpd L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

—epf¡ [¡Z¡ A¡L$ A¡L$ L$fu_¡ b^p _pdp¡_p¡ ‘qfQe L$fpìep¡. Ap ‘R>u lpL$ud¡ dp¡lçd]$

bu_ Bkp_¡ L$ü y L¡$ [dpfp¡ lp\ gphp¡, S>¡\u lz‹ Nhplu Ap‘y L¡$ My]$p rkhpe L$p¡B

A� pl _\u A_¡ dp¡lçd]$ k.A.h. [¡_p b‹]$p A_¡ ‘eNçbf R>¡. [¡_p ‘R>u l.

Agu A.k. rbgp aıg Mguap R>¡. A_¡ lz‹ [dpfp ABçdp (A.dy.k.) ‘f Bdp_

gphy Ry>‹. [¡ ‘R>u lpL$ud¡ hTuf_¡ L$—g L$fu _pMhp_p¡ lzL$d Apàep¡. ‘R>u [¡Z¡

b¡lf¥__p‹ gp¡L$p¡ (riepAp¡) _u dpau dp‹Nu A_¡ [¡d_u kp\¡ k]$ìehlpf L$fhp

dp‹X$ep¡.

Ap b_ph_y‹ hZfi_ L$f_pfp L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap b_ph b¡lf¥__p‹ r_hpkuAp¡ dp‹

dilzf R>¡. A_¡ dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Bkp_u L$b° ‘Z —ep dp¥Sy>]$ R>¡. A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ —ep‹

Tuepf[ dpV¡$ ‘Z ¯ e R>¡. (_S>dyıkpL$ub 314 b¡lpf 178/52)

qL$ıkp¡ - 9

Bdpd¡ hL$[ dp¡Adu_p¡_u ‘_plNpl R>¡.

S>_pb i¥M Aby Aå]$¡ºgplug lzk¥_ bu_ Aglk_ bug bpbhep

(f.A.) A¡ ‘p¡[p_p dp¡l[fd L$pL$p S>_pb S>Aaf dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Agu bu_

bpbhep (f.A.) \u _L$g L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ ‘rhÓ il¡f Ly$d_p dpfp byTyfiN Dı[p]p¡ dp‹\u

A¡L$ Dı[p]¡$ Ap ‘°k‹N_¡ _L$g L$ep£ R>¡ L¡$ :

dpfp D‘f A¡L$ A¡hu dykub[ Aphu ‘X$u L¡$ S>¡dp d_¡ Myb ]y$:M ‘lp¡êy. A_¡

lz‹ ‘f¡ip_u (dykub[) \u L‹$V$pmu Nep¡ d_¡ [¡ ep¡ e _ gpèy L¡$ lz‹ dpfp Ly$Vy‹$bu L¡$

]$p¡ı[p¡_¡ Ap dykub[_u hp[ L$Œ$.

A¡L$ hM[ lz‹ NdNu_ A_¡ ]$y:Mdp‹ kyB Nep¡. d¡ ıhà_dp‹ ¯ ¡ey [p¡ _yfp_u

byTyfiNhpf L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ Mybkyf[ ]¡$Mp[p l[p A_¡ Mybkyf[ ‘p¡ipL$ ‘l¡ep£ l[p¡. [¡d_p

ifufdp‹\u kfk Myíby Aph[u l[u. [¡Ap¡ dpfu kpd¡ Dcp l[p. d¡ [¡d_¡ Ap¡mMu

gu^p. [¡Ap¡ dpfp Dı[p]$p¡ dp\u A¡L$ Dı[p]$ l[p, S>¡_u ‘pk¡ d¡ Ly$ddp‹ rinZ gu^y

l[y. d¡ dpfp q]$g_¡ L$ü y, L$ep kyû dpfu dykub[_¡ Ry>‘phu_¡ fpMy. S>_pb [p¡ dpfp

Dı[p]$ R>¡. lz‹ dpfu dykub[ L$lu ]$D, L$]$pQ fı[p¡ dmu ¯ e. lz‹ l˘ [¡d_¡ hp[ L$Œ$ [¡

‘l¡gpS> [¡dZ¡ hp[ L$fhp_y‹ iŒ$ L$eyfi A_¡ afdpìey : ¯ Ap¡ A_¡ [dpfp Tdp_p_p

Bdpd ‘pk¡ d]$]$ dp‹Np¡ A_¡ lu]$pe[ dp‹Np¡. [¡d_u ‘pk¡ fnZ dp‹Np¡, L$pfZ L¡$ [¡Ap¡

DÑd d]$]$Npf R>¡. A_¡ dp¡Adu_p¡_u ‘_plNpl R>¡. [¡ ‘R>u [¡dZ¡ ‘rhÓ S>dZp¡ lp\

l\¡mu ‘f a¡fhu_¡ L$ü y "" ¯ Ap¡ A_¡ [¡d_u Tuepf[ ‘Y$p¡’’ [¡_u ‘f kgpd

dp¡L$gp¡, lz‹ ‘Z Bdpd A.k._¡ cgpdZ L$fui. L¡$ [¡Ap¡ [dpfp lzL$d ]y$r_epAp¡_p

‘pg_lpf ‘pk¡ iapA[ A_¡ cgpdZ L$f¡.

d¡ L$ü y, Ap‘ d_¡ b[php¡ L¡$ lz‹ L¡$hu Tuepf[ A_¡ kgpd ‘Yy$ ? A_¡ L¡$hu fu[¡

]y$Ap dp‹Np¡ $? L$pfZ L¡$ Ap dykub[ dp‹ lz‹ bûS> Tuepf[ A_¡ ]y$Ap cyguNep¡ Ry> Ap

kp‹cmu_¡ [¡dZ¡ A¡L$ gp‹bp¡ ï hpk gu^p¡ A_¡ L$ü y "gplìg hgp Lyìh[ B� p bu� pl’

A_¡ dpfu R>p[u D‘f lp\ fpMu ]$u^p¡, L$l¡hp gpèp L¡$ A� pl [dpfp dpV$¡ ‘yf[p¡ R>¡.

lh¡ [dpfp D‘f L$p¡B dykub[ _lu Aph¡. ¯ h, Nyıg L$fp¡ A_¡ b¡ fL$p[ _dpT ‘Y$p¡.

Apkdp__u _uQ¡ A_¡ L$uågp [fa dp¡Yy$ fpMu_¡ Tuepf[ kgpdy� plug L$pd¡gyÑpd

‘Y$p¡. ˜epf¡ ]y$Ap A_¡ Tuepf[ ‘yfu \B ¯ e ‘R>u S>¡ Qplp¡ [¡ dp‹Np¡.

Ap kp‹cm[pS> dpfu Ap‹M My� u NB L¡$ dpfu dyíL¡$gu_p¡ A‹[ lp\ h¡[dp‹ R>¡.

lh¡ d_¡ fp[ OZu gp‹bu gpNhp gpNu. S>¡ L$p‹B d_¡ ıhà__u lpg[dp‹ riMhhpdp‹

Apìey l[y‹. [¡ lz‹ cygu ¯ h [¡ ‘l¡gp d¢ gMu gu^y. —epf ‘R>u Nyıg L$eyfi. Apıdp__u

_uQ¡ b¡ fL$p[ _dpT ‘Y$Øp¡. ‘l¡gu fL$p[dp‹ kyf¡ lç]$ ‘R>u kyf¡ a—l ‘Y$Øp¡, S>¡hufu[¡

L¡$ [¡ ApMp¡ kyfp¡ dpfu _S>f kpd¡ R>¡. bu˘ fL$p[_p lç]$_p kyfp ‘R>u A¡Tp¯ A

_ıfy� pl ‘X$Øp¡. _dpT ‘yfu L$fu_¡ ‘R>u L$uågp Œ$M \B_¡ Ap Tuepf[ ‘X$Øp¡. A_¡

A‹[dp‹ dpfu lpS>[p¡ dp‹Nu, A_¡ dpfp dp¥gp A_¡ ApL$p (Bdpd kpl¡byT Tdp_

A.[.a.i.) ‘pk¡ ‘_pl Qplu. ‘R>u iy¾$_p¡ kS>]$p¡ b¯ hu gpìep¡ A_¡ A¡S>

lpg[dp‹ dpfu ]y$ApAp¡_¡ A¡ kde kyû g‹bphu L¡$ d_¡ A¡ X$f gpèp¡ L¡$ _dpT¡ ib

L$Tp \B S>i¡. _dpT¡ ib A_¡ [¡_u [AL$ubp[p¡ ‘yfu L$epfi ‘R>u _dpT¡ kyål ‘X$ep¡.

‘R>u dl¡fpbdp‹ b¡ku_¡ ]y$Ap dp‹N[p¡ l[p¡. My]$p_u L$kd ! lSy> kyfS> r_L$þep¡ ‘Z _

l[p¡ L¡$ dpfu dykub[ ]y$f \B NB. A_¡ ‘yfu ˘ ‹]$Nudp‹ L$epf¡e Ap âL$pf_u

dykub[p¡dp‹ lz‹ afu akpep¡ _\u. A_¡ d¢ ApS> kyû L$p¡B_¡ Ap dykub[_p bpfpdp‹

S>Zphey _\u. [dpd fl¡d[p¡ A_¡ lç]$p¡ k_pA dlp_ ‘fhfq]$Npf dpV¡$ R>¡.

_p¢^ : Nyıg L$fhy‹, Apkdp__u _uQ¡ Dcp fl¡hy‹, b¡ fL$p[ _dpT ‘Y$hu, Ap

b^y AaTg R>¡, ‘f‹[y L$p¡B ìes…[ L$p¡B L$pfZ _¡ gu^¡ Ap fu[¡ _ L$fu iL¡$ [p¡ ‘Z

Tuepf[_¡ R>p¡X$u ]¡$hu ¯ ¡BA¡ _lu. ¯ ¡ [¡ dpÓ Tuepf[ ‘X$¡ [p¡ ‘Z khpb_p¡ lL$]$pf

\i¡. Tuepf[¡ Bı[¡Npkp dap[ulzg ˘ _p_ [\p ]y$ApA¡ _y]$bpl_u qL$[pb_p‹

‘pR>m_p¡ ‘¡S> D‘f R>¡. (b¡lpf, dap[ulzg ˘ _p_)

qL$ıkp¡ - 10

dyL$]„$]$k¡ A]fi$b¡gu (A.f.) _¡ Bdpd_u dygpL$p[

Ap âk‹N A� pdp Aduf A� pd hZfih¡ R>¡. [¡Ap¡ S>gugygL$Ö Apgud,

dyS>[lu]$ S>. dyL$]„$]$k¡ A]fi$b¡gu (A.f.) _p‹ rhÛp\w l[p. [¡Ap¡ bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$

hM[ fpÓ¡ lz‹ dpŒ‹$ L$pd ‘yZfi L$fu AduŒ$g dp¡Ad¡_u_ A.k. _p‹ fp¡Tp_p‹ kl¡_dp‹

blpf r_L$þep¡. fp[ AX$û ‘kpf \B NB l[u. d¢ ¯ ¡ey L¡$ A¡L$ Apgud, AduŒ$g

dp¡Ad¡_u_ Agu A.k. _p fp¡Tp [fa S>B fü p R>¡. lz‹ [¡d_u ‘pR>m ‘pR>m Qpghp

gpèp¡. d¡ [¡d_¡ Ap¡mMu gu^p. [¡Ap¡ dpfp Dı[p]$ dyL$]$„]$k¡ A]fi$b¡gu (A.f.) l[p.

d¡ dpfu ¯ [_¡ [¡d_p\u Ry>‘phu fpMu. [¡Ap¡ fp¡Tp_p ]$fhp¯ ‘pk¡ ‘lp¢êp. ]$fhp¯

‘f [pmy dpf¡gy l[y. [¡d_p ‘lp¢Q[pS> [pmy Qphu hNf Mygu Ney. A_¡ _uQ¡ ‘X$u

Ney. A_¡ fp¡Tp_p ]$fhp¯ My� u Nep. dpfp Dı[p]$ fp¡Tpdp‹ ]$pMg \ep. ‘R>u d¡

hp[Qu[ \[u lp¡e [¡hp¡ AphpT kp‹cýep¡ ¯ Z¡ L¡$ [¡Ap¡ L$p¡B_u kp\¡ hp[Qu[ L$fu

fü p R>¡. \p¡X$uhpf ‘R>u [¡Ap¡ blpf _uL$þep. fp¡Tp_p¡ ]$fhp¯ ¡ Ap‘d¡m¡ b‹^ \B

Nep¡. [¡Ap¡ _S>a\u dı ]¡$ Ly$ap [fa_p fı[¡ Qpghp gpèp. lz‹ ‘Z [¡d_u ‘pR>m

‘pR>m Nep¡. [¡Ap¡ dı ]¡$ Ly$apdp‹ ]$pMg \ep. A_¡ dl¡fpbdp‹ L¡$ S>ep‹ dp¥gpA¡

L$pA¡_p[_¡ Tfb[ gpNu l[u A_¡ Ap‘_u ilp]$[ \B l[u. [¡ S>èpA¡ ‘lp¢êp.

—ep [¡Ap¡ OZp¡ kde kyû fp¡L$pep. ‘R>u Ap‘ _S>a [fa ‘pR>p hþep. lz‹ [¡d_u

‘pR>m l[p¡. [¡Ap¡ ˜epf¡ dı ]¡$ ˘ ß p[ ‘pk¡ ‘lp¢êp, —epf¡ AQp_L$ d_¡ D^fk

Aphu, S>¡_¡ lz‹ fp¡L$u _ i…ep¡. dpfp Dı[p]$ d_¡ Ap¡mMu Nep A_¡ L$ü y L¡$ Aduf

A� pd [d¡ Alv iy‹ L$fp¡ R>p¡ ? d¡ L$ü y L¡$ lz‹ [dpfu kp\¡ fp¡Tp\u Ry>‹. lz‹ Ap‘_¡

AduŒ$g dp¡Ad¡_u_ A.k. _p‹ lL$L$_u L$kd Ap‘y Ry> L¡$ S>¡ L$p‹B b_ph bÞep¡ [¡ d_¡

b[php¡. [¡Ap¡A¡ L$ü y L¡$ lz‹ [_¡ Ap bû hp[ L$Œ$ ‘Z dpfu A¡L$ i[fi R>¡, L¡$ ˜ep kyû lz‹

lep[ flz‹ —ep kyû [y L$p¡B_¡ Ap hp[_u ¯ Z _tlL$f¡. d¡ Ap i[fi ıhuL$pfu [¡Ap¡A¡

afdpìey, L¡$ dpf¡ L¡$V$gpL$ dkpA¡g l[p, S>¡_p bpfpdp‹ d_¡ tQ[p l[u. [¡_p S>hpbp¡

d_¡ dm[p _ l[p. d¡ Qpü y L¡$ lz‹ fp¡TA¡ dyL$]„$]$kdp‹ ¯ h A_¡ S>hpb d¡mh‹y. [¡\u lz‹

Ap fp¡Tpdp‹ Nep¡. S>¡d [¡ ¯ ¡ey [¡d fp¡Tp_p [dpd ]$fhp¯ _p‹ [pmp Qphu hNf My� u

Nep A_¡ ]$fhp¯ ‘p¡[p_u d¡m¡ My� u Nep. lz‹ dp¥gpA¡ L$pA¡_p[_p fp¡Tpdp‹ ]$pMg

\ep¡. A_¡ dkpA¡g_p S>hpb dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fu. lz‹ ]y$Apdp‹ diNyg l[p¡ —epf¡ L$b°¡

Agu A.k. \u AhpT Aphu. ""dp¥gp_p Al¡d]$ dı ]¡$ Ly$ap Qpºep ¯ h, A_¡

[dpfp dkAgp_p S>hpb L$pA¡d¡ Apg¡ dp¡lçd]$ (B. dl]$u A.) \u ‘yR>p¡. A_¡

[¡Ap¡ [d_¡ Ap dkAgp_p S>hpb Ap‘i¡, L$pfZ L¡$ [¡Ap¡ Ap Tdp_p_p Bdpd R>¡.

[dpdp L$pep£_u dıg¡l[ A_¡ dy_pk¡b[ [¡d_p\u k‹bû[ R>¡.’’ Ap kp‹cmu_¡ lz‹

dı ]¡$ Ly$ap ‘lp¢Qu Nep¡. —ep d¡ B. ApM¡Œ$TTdp_ _u rM]$d[\u dpfp khpgp¡_p

S>hpb d¡mìep, A_¡ lh¡ lz‹ Of [fa fhp_p \pD Ry>‹.

(Bfap_¡ Bdpd[ qL$ıkp¡ - 8)

qL$ıkp¡ - 11

i¥M dy[fiTp AÞkpfu (A.f.) _¡ Bdpd A.k. _u dygpL$p[

Ape[y� pl DTdp lp˘ i¥M dp¡lçd]$ lk_ kpl¡b S>hplf (f.A.) _u

hap[ ‘R>u gp¡L$p¡A¡ i¡M dy[fiTp AÞkpfu A.f. _¡ dfS>A¡ [L$gu]$ _L$L$u L$epfi A_¡

[¡d_p Adguep_p¡ fukpgp¡, [hTulzg dkpA¡g dp‹Nu. i¥M A_kpfuA¡ afdpìey

: k¥e]y$g Ap¡gdp‹ dpTÞ]$fp_u_u lpS>fu dp‹ dpfu ‘pk¡ [hTulzg dkpA¡g _\u. [¡

dpfp\u ""ApAgd’’ (h^y op_u) R>¡ A_¡ bpbugdp‹ fl¡ R>¡. lz‹ df˘ A[

ıhuL$pfui _lu.

i¥M A_kpfuA¡ k¥e]y$g Ap¡gdp_¡ bpbug A¡L$ ‘Ó g¿ep¡ [¡dp rh_‹[u L$fu

L¡$ Ap‘ _S>a¡ Aifa [ifua gphp¡ A_¡ iuepAp¡_p lhT¡ Bºduep_u ApN¡hp_u

ıhuL$pfp¡. k¥e]y$g Ap¡gdpA¡ i¥M A_kpfu_p ‘Ó_p¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ A¡ kpQy R>¡

L¡$ ˜epf¡ lz‹ _S>a¡ Aifadp‹ l[p¡ —epf¡ Ap‘_u kp\¡ dybpl¡kp (QQpfi) L$f[p¡ l[p¡,

auL$ldp‹ Ap‘\u h^y op_ ^fph[p¡ l[p¡, ‘f‹[y lh¡ gp‹bp kde\u bpbugdp‹ flz‹

Ry>‹. ]$kfi A_¡ ]$kfi Ap‘hp_p¡ kugkugp¡ _\u fü p¡. QQpfiAp¡_u b¡W$L$p¡ R>p¡X$u Qy…ep¡

Ry>‹. Ap L$pfZ \u lh¡ lz‹ My]$ Ap‘_¡ ApAgd Nˇ Ry>‹. [¡\u dfS>¡A[ Ap‘ My]$ L$byg

afdphp¡. i¥M A_kpfuA¡ [¡d R>[p L$ü y L¡$ lz‹ My]$ ‘p¡[p_¡ Ap ı\p_ A_¡ dÞkb_¡

gpeL$ _\u NZ[p¡. ¯ ¡ dpfp dp¥gp A_¡ ApL$p l. hguA¡ Aıf (AS>.) d_¡

BS>[¡lp]$_u ‘fhp_Nu B_pe[ afdph¡ A_¡ dpfu Ap ı\p_ A_¡ d_kb dpV¡$

r_d ‹L$ L$f¡ [p¡ lz‹ ıhuL$pf L$fui.

A¡L$ q]$hk i¥M A_kpfu rinZ Ap‘hp b¡W$p l[p. A_¡ [¡d_p

rhÛp\wAp¡ ‘Z [¡d_u ApSy>bpSy> b¡W$p l[p. A¡L$ ìes…[ ]$pMg \ep. [¡d_u

dlp_[p A_¡ q]$ìe[p_u Akfp¡ ¯ ¡hp dmu i¥M AÞkpfuA¡ [¡d_¡ Ap]$f ‘|hfiL$

AphL$pf Apàep¡. [¡ i¿k¡ rhÛp\wAp¡_u lpS>fudp‹ i¥M AÞkpfu [fa ¯ ¡B_¡ ‘yR„>ey

:

A¡L$ ıÓu L¡$ S>¡_p¡ ‘r[ dıM (d_yó e ıhŒ$‘ b]$gphy) \B Nep¡ lp¡e [¡_p

bpfpdp‹ Ap‘_p¡ iy‹ d[ R>¡ ? (Ap dkAgp¡ L$p¡B qL$[pbdp‹ ‘Z ]$ipfihhpdp‹ Apìep¡

_\u. L$pfZ L¡$ Ap Dçd[dp‹ dıM_y‹ Ası[—h _\u.)

Ap hp[ D‘f i¥M AÞkpfuA¡ L$ü y auL$l_u qL$[pbp¡dp‹ Ap dkAgp¡

gMhpdp‹S> _\u Apìep¡. [¡\u lz‹ S>hpb ]¡$hp dpV¡$ kd\fi _\u. [¡ i¿k¡ ‘yR„>ey : lh¡

Ap‘ ^pfu ºep¡ L¡$ Ap Dçd[dp‹ A¡L$ A¡hp¡ ‘°k‹N âL$pidp‹ Apìep¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$ ıÓu_p¡

‘r[ dıM \B Nep¡ R>¡ [p¡ [¡ ıÓu iy‹ L$f¡ ? i¡M AÞkpfuA¡ L$ü y dpfp d[ (a[hp)

dyS>b ¯ ¡ ‘yŒ$j âpZu_p ıhŒ$‘dp‹ b]$gpep¡ R>¡, [p¡ ıÓu dpV¡$ S>Œ$fu R>¡ L¡$ [¡ [gpL$_p¡

B]$„]$p¡ ‘pm¡ A_¡ A¡ dyØ $[ ‘R>u r_L$pl L$fu iL¡$ R>¡ L¡$dL¡$ [¡ ‘yŒ$j ˘ hu[ R>¡ A_¡ [¡_¡ Œ$l

‘Z R>¡. ‘f‹[y ¯ ¡ [¡ ‘yŒ$j h_ı‘r[_p ıhŒ$‘dp‹ b]$gpep¡ R>¡ [p¡ [¡_u ‘—_u d'—ey_p¡

B]$]$p¡ ‘kpf L$f¡ L$pfZ L¡$ [¡_p ‘r[A¡ dy]$pfi_y‹ ıhŒ$‘ B¿[¡epf L$eyfi R>¡. A¡V$g¡ A¡ dyØ [

‘R>u r_L$pl L$fu iL¡$ R>¡.

[¡ i¿k¡ ÓZ hM[ L$ü y : AÞ[g dyS>[l¡]$p¡, AÞ[g dyS>[l¡]$p¡, AÞ[g

dyS>[l¡]$p¡ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ ""[d¡ dyS>[l¡]$ R>p¡.’’

—epf ‘R>u [¡ i¿k rinZ_u b¡W$L$dp‹\u blpf Qpºep Nep. i¥M AÞkpfu

¯ Z[p l[p L¡$ [¡ l. Bdpd¡ hguA¡ Aıf (AS>.) l[p. A_¡ [¡dZ¡ BS>[¡lp]$_u

‘fhp_Nu Ap‘u R>¡. [¡\u [yf‹[S> ‘p¡[p_p rhÛp\wAp¡_¡ L$ü y L¡$ [¡ i¿k_u [‘pk

L$fp¡. rhÛp\wAp¡ [f[S> Dcp \ep. Alv [lv ]$p¡X$[p fü p ‘f‹[y L$p¡BA¡ ‘Z [¡d_¡ _

¯ ¡ep. [¡ ‘R>u i¥M AÞkpfu A¡ hp[ D‘f [¥epf \ep L¡$ gp¡L$p¡_¡ [hTulzg dkpA¡g

fSy> L$f¡, S>¡\u gp¡L$p¡ [¡d_u [L$gu]$ L$f¡.

(""NÞ˘ _uA¡ ]$p_uidÞ]$p_’’ cpN - 8)

qL$ıkp¡ - 12

Tìhpf¡ Bdpd A.k. _¡ ‘f¡ip_ L$f_pf Mp]$ud_p¡ A‹¯ d

S>ß [yg dAphp qL$[pb_p g¡ML$ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ d_¡ cfp¡kp‘pÓ A_¡ Adu_ ApNp

dp¡lçd]$ L$pTd¥_uA¡ Ap âk‹N bep_ L$ep£ R>¡.

ApNp dp¥lçd]$ L$pTd¥_u bep_ L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$ i¿k S>¡_y‹ _pd dyı[ap S>dy]$

l[y A_¡ [¡ fp¡Tp dybpfL$_p¡ Mp]$ud l[p¡. [¡_u Ap]$[ A¡ l[u L¡$ [¡ Tìhpfp¡ _¡ gyV$[p¡

A_¡ Tìhpfp¡_¡ Myb B¯ ‘lp¡‹QpX$[p¡ A_¡ OZu hM[ kf]$pb¡ dyL$]„$]$k _u A‹]$f

Tìhpfp¡_¡ Myb ‘f¡ip_ L$f[p¡ l[p¡. [¡ dpZk Apdpg¡ Tuepf[dp‹ fyL$phV$ L$f[p¡ A_¡

A¡hu lfL$[p¡ L$f[p¡ L¡$ Tìhpfp¡_u [h�>p¡ldp‹ Mgug ‘lp¢Q[u. Tìhpfp¡_u ]y$ApAp¡_y‹

‘Y$hy‹ [¡_¡ _ Nd[y‹ A_¡ [¡ [¡Ap¡_u AphpT _ kp‹cm[p¡.

A¡L$ fpÓ¡ Ap Mp]$ud¡ Bdpd¡ lz�>[ (Bdpd¡ Tdp_p) A.k. _¡ ıhà_dp‹ ¯ ¡ep.

Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. L$lu fü p l[p L¡$ L$ep‹ ky u [y‹ dpfp Tìhpfp¡_¡ ‘f¡ip_ L$f[p¡

flui ? [y‹ [¡Ap¡_¡ Tuepf[ ‘Y$$hp _\u ]¡$[p¡. [_¡ iy‹ d[gb R>¡ S>¡ L$p‹B [¡Ap¡ L$l¡ R>¡,

‘Y¡$$ R>¡, [y [¡Ap¡_¡ L$fhp ]¡$. —epf ‘R>u ˜epf¡ [¡ dpZk ıh‘_dp‹\u ¯ `ep¡ —epf¡

[¡_u kp‹cmhp_u is…[ Qpgu NB l[u. [¡_p L$p_ apV$u Nep l[p. [¡ L$p‹B ‘Z

kp‹cmu _lp¡[p¡ iL$[p¡. S>¡_p\u Tìhpfp¡_¡ fpl[ dmu NB, A_¡ Apdpg¡ Tuepf[_u

A]$pA¡Nu, ]y$Ap, afuep]$ A_¡ Bı[¡Npkpdp‹ Ap i¿k_u Œ$L$phV$ _ flu A¡V$g¡

ky^u L¡$ My]$ph‹]¡$ Apgd¡ [¡_¡ W$¡L$pZ¡ gNpX$u ]$u^p¡.

(Bfap_¡ Bdpd[, qL$ıkp¡ - 52)

qL$ıkp¡ - 13

Ap‹M\u \[p Ny_pl\u bQhp_¡ L$pfZ¡ Bdpd A.k. \u dygpL$p[

A¡L$ dT]y$f dpZk A¡L$ Apgud ‘pk¡ Nep¡ A_¡ L$ü y L¡$ lz‹ ApV$gp q]$hk ‘R>u

Ap q]$hk¡ A_¡ Ap kde¡ d'—ey ‘pdui. [d¡ d_¡ Nyıg, L$a_ Ap‘¯ ¡. A_¡ dpfu

_dpT¡ dŁe[ ‘Y$ph¯ ¡ [¡ Apgud¡ k‹d[u Ap‘u. ‘R>u S>¡ q]$hk_y‹ [¡ dpZk¡ L$ü y l[y

[¡ q]$hk¡ [¡ Aprgd¡ ]$u_ [¡_p Of¡ S>hp dpV¡$ _uL$þep fı[pdp‹ Apgud¡ ]$u__¡ rhQpf

Apìep¡ L¡$ Ap dpZk _¡ Mbf L¡$d ‘X$u L¡$ Ap q]$hk¡ A_¡ Ap kde¡ [¡_¡ dp¥[ Aphi¡

? Apgud¡ ]$u_ [¡ dS>]y$f dpZk_p Of¡ ‘lp¢ ep lSy> ]$fhp¯ ky^u ‘lp¢ˆep —epf¡

[¡Ap¡ A¡L$ _yf _¡ ¯ ¡ey. Ap _yf [¡ dS>]y$f dpZk_p Ofdp‹ ]$pMg \ey [¡ Aprgd¡ ]$u_

Ap _yf_p âcph\u —epS> Dcp flu Nep. A_¡ Ofdp‹ ]$pMg _ \ep. \p¡X$uhpf

‘R>u [¡ _yf Of_u blpf r_L$mu ¯ e R>¡. ‘R>u [¡ Apgud¡ ]u_ Ofdp‹ ]$pMg \ep.

A_¡ ‘l¡gp¡ khpg [¡ dT]y$f _¡ A¡ L$ep£ L¡$ [d_¡ Mbf L¡$d ‘X$u L¡$ Ap q]$hk¡ A_¡ Ap

kde¡ [dpŒ$ dp¥[ R>¡ ? A_¡ [dpfp Ofdp‹ S>¡ _yf ]$pMg \ey [¡_u lL$uL$[ iy‹ R>¡ ?

[¡ dT]y$f dpZk L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap_u ‘pR>m A¡L$ gp‹bu ]$pı[p_ R>¡. lz‹ A¡L$

kpdpÞe Ny_¡lNpf dpZk l[p¡. d¡ dS>gukdp‹ kp‹cþey l[y L¡$ Ap‘Zp h…[_p

Bdpd dp¥Sy>]$ R>¡ ˘ h‹[ R>¡. [p¡ ‘R>u d¡ rhQpeyfi L¡$ Bdpd A.k. _u dygpL$p[ ip dpV¡$

_\u \[u. ? —epf¡ d¡ rhQpeyfi Apdp hp‹L$ dpfp¡ R>¡. dpfp A¡ Ny_pl R>¡ S>¡ dpfu A_¡

Bdpd A.k._u hˆQ¡ ‘f]$p¡ b_u Nep R>¡. dpfu Ap Ap‹M S>¡ Ny_plp¡ L$f[u lp¡e [¡

_˘ k Ap‹M\u dpAkyd Bdpd A.k._u Tuepf[ L¡$hu fu[¡ \pe. —epf\u d¢

Ap‹M\u \[p Ny_pl R>p¡X$u ]$¡hp_p¡ dL$L$d r_Zfie L$ep£ A_¡ Ap hp[ D‘f Adg iŒ$

L$ep£. d¡ Ap‹M\u \[p Ny_plp¡ R>p¡X$u ]$u^p. Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k._¡ Ap L$pefi A¡V$gy

‘k‹]$ Apìey L¡$ [¡Ap¡ d_¡ dıg¡l[_ OZuhpf dygpL$p[ Ap‘[p. R>¡� ¡ d_¡ Bdpd

A.k.A¡ dpfp d'—ey_p bpfpdp‹ Mbf Ap‘u l[u.A_¡ [dpfu cgpdZ L$fu L¡$ [d¡

d_¡ Nyıgp¡ -L$a_ Ap‘p¡. A_¡ ldZp‹ [d¡ S>¡ _yf ¯ ¡ey‹ l[y. [¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. _y‹

_yf l[y A_¡ [¡Ap¡ d_¡ dmhp Apìep l[p. A_¡ [d_¡ kgpd Apàep R>¡. (S>ß [yg

dAphp)

qL$ıkp¡ - 14

Bdpd A.k._u kgpd[u dpV¡$ k]$L$p¡ L$pY$Øp¡.

Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. Ap‘Zp k]$L$p_p dp¡l[pS> _\u ‘f‹[y Bdpd¡ Tdp_p

A.k. dpV¡$ k]$L$p¡ L$pY$hp¡ [¡ Ap‘Zu Bdpd [fa_u dp¡låb[ _p¡ BTlpf R>¡. k]$L$p¡

‘Z [¡ Bdpd_u [hS>¯ ¡l A_¡ _T]$uL$u_y‹ L$pfZ b_¡ R>¡.

A¡L$ [pgub¡ Bºd L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$ fpÓ¡ dil]¡$ dyL$Ø kdp‹ Bdpd f¡Tp A.k. _p

dybpfL$ fp¡Tp_u A‹]$f d¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. dpV¡$ Myb ]y$Ap L$fu dp¡X$u fp[¡ lz‹ dpfu

lp¡ıV¡$g [fa S>hp gp`ep¡ fı[pdp‹ A¡L$ aL$uf dþep¡ S>¡Z¡ d_¡ khpg L$ep£. d¡ dpdygu

fL$d_p¡ k]$L$p¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k._u dp¡låb[dp‹ kgpd[u dpV¡$ Apàep¡. buS>¡

q]$hk¡ lz‹ [¡S> b¯ fdp‹ _uL$þep¡. A¡L$ ]y$L$p_]$pf¡ DQp AhpS>¡ d_¡ bp¡gpìep¡ A_¡ ‘yR„>ey

L¡$ NB L$pg¡ [¡ iy‹ _¡L$ L$pd L$eyfi l[y ? d¡ ‘yR„>ey hp[ iy R>¡ ? [d¡ d_¡ Aphy ip dpV¡$ ‘yR>p¡

R>p¡ ? ]y$L$p_ ]$pf¡ L$ü y, NB L$pg¡ l. bL$uŁe[y� pl Afhplz_p glzg au]$p _¡ d¡ ıhà_dp‹

¯ ¡ep. [¡Ap¡ ka¡]$ f‹N_p Op¡X$p ‘f Ap S>`epA¡ Ap b¯ fdp‹ [ifua gpìep A_¡

[pŒ$ _pd gB _¡ L$ü y L¡$ lz‹ [¡ [prgb¡ Bºd_p Al¡kp__p¡ b]$gp¡ QyL$hhp Apìep¡ Ry>‹. [¡

iy‹ Al¡kp_ L$ep£ l[p¡ ? [pgub¡ Bºd Tpfp¡L$[pf fX$hp gpN¡ R>¡. A_¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ d¡ [p¡

Bdpd A.k. _u dp¡låb[dp‹ dpdygu fL$d_p¡ k]$L$p¡ Apàep¡ l[p¡.

(Bdpd¡ Tdp_ A.k. A_¡ k¥e]$ Bå_¡ [pDk A.f. ‘¡S>-107,108)

qL$ıkp¡ - 15

Aby dp¡lçd]$ A‹^ \B Nep ¡

_S>dyıkpL$ub_p g¡ML$ Ap fuhpe[_¡ Ly$[yb¡ fph‹]$u A.f. _u qL$[pb

¿hpfuTdp‹\u gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ Aby dp¡lçd]$ AgTu _p b¡ ]$uL$fp l[p A¡L$ Abyg lk_ S>¡

‘fl¡TNpf A_¡ _¡L$ ]$u$L$fp¡ l[p¡, [¡ dŁe[_¡ Nyıg Ap‘hp_p L$pefidp‹ ‘Z d]$]$Œ$‘

\[p¡. ˜epf¡ bu¯ ¡ ]$uL$fp¡ Ny_plMp¡fudp‹ diNyg fl¡[p¡.

A¡L$ hM[ A¡L$ d]£$ dp¡Adu_¡ Aby dp¡lçd]$_¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. _u

r_epb[dp‹ lS> L$fhp dpV¡$ AdyL$ fL$d Ap‘u. Aby dp¡lçd]¡$ Ap fL$ddp‹\u AdyL$

fL$d [¡_p Ny_¡lNpf ]$u$L$fp_¡ Ap‘u A_¡ lS> A]$p L$fhp dpV¡$ ‘p¡[p_u kp\¡ gB Nep.

Aby dp¡lçd]$ ‘p¡[¡ Ap hp[ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ d¡ d¡]$p_¡ Afpap[dp‹ A¡L$ Mybkyf[

_hSy>hp__¡ ¯ ¡ep, S>¡Ap¡ ]y$Ap ‘Y$hpdp‹ díNyg l[p. ˜epf¡ lz‹ [¡d_u _S>]$uL$ ‘lp¢ˆep¡

[p¡ [¡Ap¡ dpfp [fa dy[h˜S>¡l \ep A_¡ afdpìey L¡$ A¡ i¡M [_¡ idfi _\u Aph[u

? d¢ ‘yR„>ey L$B hp[ \u ? Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. d¡ afdpìey lS> L$fhp_y‹ [_¡

kp¡‘hpdp‹ Apìey l[y A_¡ [¡ A¡L$ Ny_¡lNpf A_¡ ifpbMp¡f_¡ lhpg¡ (lS> L$fhp_y‹)

kp¢‘u ]$u^y. _S>]$uL$dp‹S> [y Ap Ap‹M\u Ap‹^mp¡ \B S>Bi. —epf ‘R>u ‘pR>p Apìep

‘R>u 40 q]$hk ‘Z ‘kpf _ \ep l[p L¡$ A¡ Ap‹M L¡$ S>¡_u [fa Bdpd A.k. d¡

Bipfp¡ L$ep£ l[p¡, [¡ Ap‹Mdp‹ A¡hy T¿d \ey L¡$ [¡_u Ap‹M Qpgu NB. A_¡ [¡ A¡L$

Ap‹M\u A‹^ \B Nep¡.

(Bfap_¡ Bdpd[ qL$ıkp¡ - 50)

qL$ıkp¡ - 16

Bb°plud Bå_¡ dlTuepf _¡ Bdpd A.k. _u dygpL$p[

l. dl]$u A.k. _p‹ A¡L$ ApiuL$_p¡ âk‹N R>¡. S>¡_y‹ _pd Bb°plud Bå_¡

dlTuepf l[y. S>¡ dl]$u A¡ Tl¡fp_u ]$u]$pf_u D—kyL$[pdp‹ ]y$r_ep_u bûhp[p¡_¡

cyguNep¡ l[p¡. A¡ âk‹N AÓ¡ [¡ ApiuL¡$ Bdpd A.k. _p ‘p¡[p_p iå]$p¡dp‹S>

âı[y[ R>¡.

""A¡L$ hfk d¡ l. Bdpd lk_ AkL$fu A.k. _u Ahgp]$ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p

A.k. rhj¡ Mp[fu L$fhp d]$u_p_p¡ âhpk M¡X$ep¡. ‘f‹[y d_¡ L$lu ¯ Zhp _ dþey

—ep\u dL$L$p Nep¡ —ep ‘Z dpfp Bdpd rhj¡ L‹$B ¯ Zhp _ dþey. A¡L$ r]$hk lz‹

Mp_A¡ L$pbp_p¡ [hpa L$fu fü p¡ l[p¡ —epf¡ A¡L$ Mybkyf[ eyhp__y‹ dpfu [fa Ýep_

M¡Qpey S>¡ d_¡ MybS> V$uL$uV$uL$u_¡ ¯ ¡B fü p¡ l[p¡. [¡ eyhp_ d_¡ L‹$BL$ d]$]$Œ$‘ \i¡ [¡d

dp_u_¡ lz‹ [¡d_u [fa Nep¡. [¡_¡ kgpd L$fu [¡Z¡ dpfu kgpd _p¡ S>hpb MybS>

kpfu fu[¡ Apàep¡ ‘R>u [¡Z¡ d_¡ ‘yR„>ey [d¡ L$ep_p fl¡hpku R>p¡ ? d¡ L$ü y

AlThpT>_p¡. Ap fu[¡ hp[Qu[ iŒ$ \B —epf ‘R>u [¡ eyhp_¡ L$ü y L¡$ ""lz‹ [dpfp dpV¡$

A¡L$ Mbf ‘Z gpìep¡ Ry>‹ ¯ ¡ [d¡ [dpfp Bdpd A.k. _u Tuepf[ kp\¡ A¡ BˆR>[p

lp¡ L¡$ [dpfu Ap‹Mp¡ A¡ lTf[_p _yfp_u âL$pi_p¡ TNdNpV$ Sy>A¡ [p¡ dpfu kp\¡

[pA¡a kyû Qpgp¡ ‘f‹[y dpfu kp\¡ Aphhp_u [dpfu kaf_¡ [dpfp rdÓp¡\u

Mp_Nu fpM¯ ¡’’ lz‹ [¡d_u kp\¡ [pA¡a [fa S>hp fhp_p \ep¡. ˜epf¡ Ad¡ A¡L$ dp¡V$p

fZdp‹\u ‘kpf \B fü p l[p —epf¡ ]y$f\u A¡L$ [‹by _S>f¡ ‘X$Øp¡. S>¡_p _yf\u ApMy

fZ Tmlmu fü y l[y.

[¡ eyhp_ [‹bydp‹ d_¡ A‹]$f S>hp dpV¡$_u ‘fhp_Nu d¡mhhp Nep¡. A¡V$gpdp‹ d¡

¯ ¡ey L¡$ [¡ [‹bydp‹\u A¯ ¡X$ âcphipmu A_¡ _yfp_u byTyNfihpf blpf ‘^pepfi. [¡d_u

Mybkyf[u AhZfi_ue l[u. lz‹ MybS> Aph¡i A_¡ A fi ‘pNg‘Zp_u lpg[dp‹

[¡d_u [fa ]$p¡X$ep¡ A_¡ [¡d_p lp\‘N Qydhp gpèp¡. [¡ byTyN£ afdpìey ""[pfy

ApNd_ dybpfL$ \pe Ap kde ‘l¡gp [pfu dygpL$p[_y‹ hQ_ Ap‘hpdp‹ Apìey

l[y. [pfu A_¡ dpfu hˆQ¡ Œ$lp_u k‹b^ ı\p‘u[ R>¡. Ap‘Zp bÞ_¡_u hˆQ¡

fı[p_y‹ gp‹by A‹[f A_¡ Ap‘Zu dygpL$p[dp‹ rhg‹b R>[p d¡ l‹d¡ip S> [_¡ dpfu

_S>fp¡ kdn fpM¡g R>¡’’ —epf ‘R>u Ap‘¡ A¡L$ gp‹bu hp[Qu[ L$f[p L$ü y, dpfp

r‘[p A¡ d_¡ L$ü y l[y A¡ afT‹]$ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ My]$p_u Bbp]$[ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ [¡_u ‘¥fhu

A_¡ [pb¡]$pfu L$fhp k[[ âe—_iug fl¡ R>¡. A� pl [.[. [¡_¡ b‹]$pAp¡ dpV¡$

_dy_pŒ$‘ b_u fl¡ A¡ dpV¡$ dpNfi]$ifiL$ hNf_p¡ fpM[p¡ _\u’’

Bb°plud bu_ dl¡Tuepf _y‹ L$l¡hy‹ R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$ kdeNpmp kyû lz‹ Bdpd dl]$u

A.k._u Mu]$d[dp‹ fü p¡. [¡S>ıhu k—ep¡, _yfp_u lzL$dp¡ A_¡ L¡$V$gue Bºd A_¡

luL$d[_u hp[p¡ ri¿ep¡ S>¡ bpb[p¡ My]$pA¡ [ApgpA¡ Ap‘_u R>p[udp‹ JX$pZ\u cfu

l[u. [¡_p¡ MybS> ape]$p¡ d¡mh[p¡ fü p¡.... A_¡ Apl .... ! ‘R>u S>hp dpV¡$ ‘fhp_Nu

dp‹Nu. R>¡hV¡$ ˜epf¡ Ry>V$p ‘X$hp_u [¥epfu L$fu —epf¡ lTf[ A.k. _u Mu]$d[dp‹

‘lp¢êp¡. Ap‘_u kp\¡ hap]$pfu_p hQ__¡ ]$p¡lfphu_¡ S>hp_u [¥epfudp‹ l[p¡ —epf¡

Ap‘¡ afdpìey ""My]$ph‹]¡$ A¨ThS>� ¡ S>¡ hı[y_¡ [pfp dpV¡$ Apkp_ A_¡ bfL$[ ‘yZfi

L$fu. [_¡ kpg¡l gp¡L$p¡_p î ¡ô $ khpb A_¡ ‘p¡[p_p Mpk b‹]$pAp¡_u S>Tp Ap‘u.

bû hı[yAp¡ [¡_p\u S> R>¡ A_¡ S>¡ L$p‹B ¯ ¡B[y lp¡e [¡ [¡S> Ap‘u iL¡$ [¡d R>¡. My]$ph‹]¡$

Apgd [_¡ [¡_u A‘pf _¡Ad[p¡ kgpd[u A_¡ Myilpgu kp\¡ [pfp rdÓp¡ kyû

‘lp¢QpX$¡, [_¡ fı[pdp‹ L$p¡B [L$gua _ ‘X¡$... lz‹ [_¡ My]$p_¡ lhpg¡ L$Œ$ Ry>‹ B.A.

My]$ph‹]$p_u L'$‘pmy R>pepdp‹ [_¡ L$p¡B Apa[ _lv Aph¡’’.

Bb°plud bu_ dl¡Tuepf L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ lz‹ l. dl]$u A.[.a.i. ‘pk¡\u rh]$pe

\ep¡. lz‹ My]$ph‹]¡$ [.[. _p¡ b¡l]$ iy¾$NyTpf Ry>‹. L¡$ [¡Z¡ dpfp kpQp l¡[y kyû ‘lp¢Qhpdp‹

dpfu d]$]$ L$fu A_¡ kp\p¡ kp\ A¡ hp[\u ‘Z hpL¡$a \B Nep¡ L¡$ My]$ph‹]¡$ Apgd

‘p¡[p_u Tdu__¡ L$p¡B‘Z kde¡ dpAkyd Bdpd A.k. hNf Mpgu _\u fpM[p¡. d¡

Ap ‘°kN‹ eL$u_ A_¡ Bdp_ ^fph[p gp¡L$p¡_u ¯ ZL$pfudp‹ rhi¡j h^pfp¡ \pe [¡

l¡[ykf fSy> L$f¡g R>¡.

(Bfap_¡ Bdpd[ L$uıkp¡ - 1)

qL$ıkp¡ - 17

‘r[-‘—_u_p d[c¡]$_y‹ kdp^p_

Ap [hL$uA_u hp[ L$fuA¡ [¡ ‘l¡gp [¡_p AdguL$fZ_p ‘pkpAp¡ D‘f_u

QQpfi bl¡[f R>¡. ‘eNçbf AL$fd (k.) A_¡ ABçdA¡ lp¡]$p (Agel¡dyıkgpd)

Dçd[_p hpguAp¡ R>¡. Ap bpb[ rhj¡ Ap g¡Mdp‹ D‘f gMpB Qy…ey‹ R>¡ L¡$ My]$p h‹]$¡

Apgd¡ [¡Ap¡_u cìe[p A_¡ dlp_[p Mp[f [¡Ap¡_¡ OZu is…[Ap¡ A‘fiZ L$fu R>¡.

Ap lTf[p¡ fp¡˘ Ap‘hp_u is…[ ^fph¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ [¡Ap¡ S>¡ hı[y_u My]$p ‘pk¡

dp‹NZu L$f¡ R>¡ [¡ _L$pf[p¡ _\u. Ap [hL$uAdp‹ Ap hp[ D‘f Bipfp¡ L$fhpdp‹

Apìep¡ R>¡.

Aby Npgub Ald]$ bu_ dp¡lçd]$ Tp¡fpfu L$l¡ R>¡ : dpfu A_¡ dpfu ‘s—_

hˆQ¡ dp¡V$p d[c¡]$p¡ A_¡ ]$yíd_u \B NB. Adpfu hˆQ¡ kdp^p__u bû

i…e[pAp¡ ‘|fu \B NB. Ap d[c¡]$ gp‹bp¡ Qpºep¡. [¡_p L$pfZ¡ lz‹ ^Zu dp_rkL$

[pZ A_ych[p¡ l[p¡. [¡\u d¡ A¡L$ ‘Ó S>_pb dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Dıdp_ (f.A.)

(bu¯ _pA¡b) _¡ Apàep¡ L¡$ [¡ [¡_¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.) _u k¡hpdp‹ ‘lp¢QpX$u Ap‘¡.

Ap ‘Ódp‹ d¢ ]$p¡Ap dpV¡$ ]$fMpı[ L$fu l[u. ‘Ó_p S>hpbdp‹ Oˇ dp¡Xy$ \ey. A¡L$

hM[ Aby S>Aaf (dp¡lçd]$ bu_ Dıdp_ (A.f.)) kp\¡ dygpL$p[ \B —epf¡

Ap‘¡ L$ü y : [dpfp ‘Ó_p¡ S>hpb Aphu Qy…ep¡ R>¡. ‘R>u [¡d_p Of¡ Nep¡. A¡L$ Qp¡‘X$p¡

L$pY$ep¡ A_¡ [¡_p ‘p_pAp¡ —ep kyû a¡fìep L¡$ A¡L$ ‘Ó dþep¡ A_¡ d_¡ ]¡$MpX$Øp¡.

S>¡dp gM¡gy l[y‹ : ‘r[ A_¡ ‘s—_ A‹N¡_p¡ S>¡ ‘°ï _ ‘|R„>ep¡ l[p¡ [p¡ My]$ph‹]¡$ Apgd¡

[¡Ap¡_u hˆQ¡ kyg¡l A_¡ ip‹r[ ı\pr‘[ L$fu ]$uû R>¡.

Aby Npgub Tp¡fpfu L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ dpfu ‘s—_ l‹d¡ip L$X$L$pB\u h[fi_ L$f[u l[u.

‘f‹[y Ap âk‹N ‘R>u c|[L$pm_p d[c¡]$p¡_u S>¡d L$p¡B ‘°k‹N bÞep¡ _lv. bºL¡$ l‹y

L$epf¡L$ ¯ Zuby˘ _¡ A¡hy‹ L$pd L$f[p¡ L¡$ [¡_¡ Nyık¡ L$Œ‹$, [p¡ ‘Z [¡_u [fa\u L$p¡B

âr[cph S>Zp[p¡ _ l[p¡. (‘T¡ hliuA¡ ‘ufpdy_¡ TuÞ]$Np_uA¡ _yìhpb¡ Mpk¡ Bdpd¡

Tdp_p (A.) (Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.) _p Mpk _ìhpbp¡_p ˘ h_ ‘p_p 176)

qL$ıkp¡ - 18

i¡M dyau]$ A.f. _¡ Bdpd A._p¡ ‘Ó

dlzfid [ÞL$pb_u afdph¡ R>¡ : A¡L$ q]$hk bN]$p]$_p L$ıbpdp‹\u A¡L$ dpZk

i¡M dyau]$ A.f. _u ‘pk¡ ifuA[_p¡ dkAgp¡ ‘|R>hp dpV¡$ Apìep¡. [¡Z¡ L$ü y

""kpl¡b A¡L$ Ncfih[u ıÓu d'—ey ‘pdu R>¡, ‘f‹[y ‘¡V$dp‹ [¡_y bpmL$ ˘ h[y A_¡

kgpd[ R>¡. Ap‘ iy‹ afdphp¡ R>p¡ ? Ap¡‘f¡i_\u bpmL$_¡ L$pY$u g¡hpdp‹ Aph¡ L¡$

ıÓu_¡ [¡_p bpmL$ kp\¡ ]$a_ L$fu ]¡$hpdp‹ Aph¡. ?

i¥M dyau]$ A.f. d¡ afdpìey : dp_¡ [¡_p ‘¡V$dp‹ dp¥Sy>]$ bpmL$_u kp\¡ ]$a_

L$fu ]¡$hpdp‹ Aph¡

[¡ dpZk ‘p¡[p_p Npd S>hp_p fı[¡ ‘pR>p¡ afu fü p¡ l[p¡, [¡hpdp‹ [¡_u kpd¡

A¡L$ Op¡X¡$ khpf Apìep [¡dZ¡ L$ü y Dcp flp¡. [¡ ‘R>u L$ü y i¥M dyau]$ A.f. A¡ L$ü y R>¡

L¡$ dp_p ‘¡V$dp‹\u bpmL$ Ap¡‘f¡i_ L$fu_¡ blpf L$pY$ug¡hy‹. ‘R>u dp‹_p ‘¡V$_¡ kuhu_¡

A¡L$gu ıÓu_¡ ]$a_ L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡.

[¡ dpZk¡ Ap hp[ _¡ ıhuL$pfu bu¯ a[hp D‘f Adg L$ep£.

\p¡X$p kde ‘R>u [¡ dpZk bN]$p]$ il¡fdp‹\u ‘kpf \ep¡ —epf¡ [¡Z¡ i¥M

dyau]$ A.f. _¡ Ap hp[ L$lu. i¥M dyau]$ A.f. A¡ afdpìey ""d¡ [p¡ Ap a[hp_u

kp\¡ L$p¡B_u dp¡L$ºep¡ _ l[p¡. A¡d gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ [¡ Op¡X¡$ khpf Bdpd¡ Aıf A.k.

l[p.’’ (S>¡dZ¡ Ap [bL$L¡$ d]$]$ L$fu) [¡ ‘R>u i¥M dyau]$ A.f. afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap

b_ph \u A¡d S>Zpe R>¡ L¡$ lz‹ a[hp Ap‘hp A_¡ dfS>BA[ S>¡hu S>hpb]$pfu_¡ ‘pÓ

_\u. [¡ q]$hk ‘R>u ‘p¡[p_p Of_p¡ ]$fhp¯ ¡ b‹ L$fu ]$u^p¡. A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$ü y lh¡ d_¡

dkAgpAp¡ ‘|R>hpdp‹ _ Aph¡.

lSy> kde ‘kpf \ep¡ _ l[p¡ L¡$ Bdpd Aıf A.k. [fa\u ‘Ó dybpfL$

Aphu ‘lp¢ˆep¡, S>¡dp‹ Bdpd A.k. A¡ afdpìey ""Ap‘ a[hp Ap‘p¡. Ad¡ Ap‘_¡

cygQyL$\u fnZ Ap‘uiy‹ A‘_¡ A¡L$gp _lu R>p¡X$uA¡ L¡$ if[ QyL$ \B ¯ e’’.

—epf ‘R>u i¥M dyau]$ A.f. A¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p _p lzL$d\u bu hM[

dfS>BA[_p¡ bp¡S> DW$pìep¡ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ dkAgp_p¡ S>hpb Ap‘hp_y‹ iŒ$ L$eyfi.

(L$kkyg Ap¡gdp‹ ‘p_p _‹. 44)

qL$ıkp¡ - 19

Bdpd A.k._¡ ]$f¡L$ hı[y_u dprl[u R>¡.

S>_pb dyaTTg¡ lTf[ Bdpd ¯ af¡ kpq]$L$ A.k. ATfi L$fu : lz‹ Ap‘ D‘f

Ly$bpfi_, i‹y A¡ i…e R>¡ L¡$ My]$ph‹]¡$ Apgd L$p¡B b‹]$p_u B[pA[ [dpd gp¡L$p¡ D‘f

hp˘ b L$fu ]¡$e. A_¡ Apıdp__u dprl[u [¡_p\u Ry>‘pA¡gu lp¡e ?

Bdpd A.k. A¡ afdpìey _lv. My]$ph‹]¡$ Apgd ‘p¡[p_p b‹]$pAp¡ D‘f [¡_p\u

h^y dl¡fbp_ Qpl_pf A_¡ ]$ephp_ R>¡, L$¡ ‘p¡[p_p L$p¡B b‹]$p_u B[pA[ hp˘ b

L$fu ]¡$e A_¡ Apkdp__u Mbfp¡ khpf kp‹S> [¡_p\u Ry>‘pA¡gu lp¡e (Dkyg¡ L$pau

cpN - 1 ‘p_p _‹. 251 l]$uk - 3)

Ap l]$ukp¡\u ı‘ô $ \pe R>¡ L¡$ Apkdp_ A_¡ S>du__u b^u Mbfp¡ ]$ffp¡S>

khpf kp‹S> Bdpd A.k._u ‘pk¡ fSy> L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡ R>¡. A_¡ Bdpd A.k. Ap‘Zu

A¡L$ A¡L$ hp[\u dplu[Npf R>¡.

ABdçdA¡ dpAkydu_ A.dy.k. _ dpÓ Ap‘Zu ‘qfsı\[u\u ¯ ZL$pf

R>¡. bgL¡$ [¡d_¡ Ap‘Zp ]y$:M ]$]$p£_u ‘Z Akf \pe R>¡. _uQ¡_p âk‹N ‘f\u [¡_p¡

A‹]$pS> Aphu iL$i¡.

fdugp_y bep_ R>¡, lz‹ l. Agu A.k._p Tdp_pdp‹ S>bfS>ı[ budpf ‘X$u

Nep¡ Sy>çAp_p q]$hk¡ S>fp fpl[ \B. d¡ rhQpeyfi L¡$ L¡$V$gy kpf¡ \[¡, ¯ ¡ lz‹ ApS>¡ Nyıg

L$fu_¡ l. Agu A.k. _u ‘pR>m _dpT A]$p L$Œ$ d¡ A¡dS> L$eyfi dı ]¡$ Nep¡ —epf¡

lTf[ My—bp¡ Ap‘u fü p l[p. dpfu lpg[ afu Mfpb \B _dpT ‘R>u ˜epf¡ lTf[

L$ıf _pd_u S>`ep D‘f Nep. [p¡ lz‹ ‘Z [¡d_u kp\¡ l[p¡. [¡dZ¡ d_¡ L$ü y A¡ fdugp

[d¡ L¡$d [X$‘u fü p l[p ? d¡ dpfu rbdpfu_u hp[ L$fu A_¡ dpfu lpg[ S>Zphu [¡

‘R>u lTf[¡ afdpìey ""A¡ fdugp ˜epf¡ L$p¡B dp¡Adu_ rbdpf lp¡e R>¡, —epf¡ Ad¡

[¡_u rbdpfudp‹ rbdpf lp¡BA¡ R>uA¡ ¯ ¡ L$p¡B ]y$:Mu L¡$ NdNu_ lp¡e R>¡ [p¡ Ad¡ ‘Z

[¡_u kp\¡ ]y$:Mu L¡$ NdNu_ lp¡BA¡ R>uA¡. ¯ ¡ L$p¡B ]y$Ap L$f¡ R>¡ [p¡ Ad¡ [¡_u ]y$Ap ‘f

Apdu_ L$luA¡ R>uA¡. A_¡ ¯ ¡ L$p¡B Qy‘ fl¡ R>¡ [p¡ Ad¡ [¡_p dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fuA¡ R>uA¡.

fdugpA¡ ATfi L$fu Ap‘_u Ap hp[Qu[ dpÓ A¡ gp¡L$p¡_u dpV¡$ R>¡, L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ Ap

L$ıf _pd_u S>`epdp‹ fl¡ R>¡. S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ ]y$r_ep_p bu¯ cpNdp‹ fl¡ R>¡. [¡Ap¡_p dpV¡$ iy‹

? Bdpd¡ A.k.d¡ afdpìey A¡ fdugp ! ]y$r_epdp‹ ‘|hfi\u ‘qï Qddp‹ L$p¡B‘Z

dp¡Adu_ Adpfu _S>f\u NpA¡b _\u. (MkpA¡ag ]$f¯ [ â. 16 l. 1)

Ap âk‹N\u S>Œ$f kd˘ iL$pi¡ L¡$ ABçdA¡ dpAkydu_ A.dy.k. ‘p¡[p_p

]$p¡ı[p¡_¡ L¡$V$gp Qpl¡ R>¡. A¡L$ bp‘ ‘Z ‘p¡[p_p q]$L$fp_¡ ApV$gp¡ _\u Qpl[p¡, ˜epf¡

ABçdp A.dy.k. Ap‘Zu kp\¡ ApV$gu dlp¡åb[ fpM¡ R>¡. [¡\u Ap dlp¡åb[_p

Ap¡R>pdp‹ Ap¡R>p b]$gpŒ$‘¡ Ap‘Z¡ A¡hp L$pep£ L$fuA¡, S>¡\u Ap dlp_ lı[uAp¡

Ap‘Zp\u Myi \pe A_¡ [¡ bpb[p¡\u ]y$f fluA¡ S>¡_p\u [¡Ap¡ _pfpT \pe.

qL$ıkp¡ - 20

‘N_p T¿ddp‹\u riap dmu.

duTpfi dp¡lçd]$ kB]_p ‘Ndp‹ ]$]fi$ iŒ$ \ey‹. ûf¡ uf¡ bß ¡ ‘N D‘f kp¡¯ QX$u

Nep. A¡ ]$]fi$ A¡V$g¡ b^y hû Ney l[y L¡$ [¡Ap¡ ku^p Qpgu iL$[p _ l[p. [¡\u

g‹NX$pB_¡ Qpg[p l[p. [¡Ap¡A¡ X$p¡L$V$fp¡ ‘pk¡ BgpS> L$fpìep¡ ‘Z \p¡X$p kde ‘yf[y

ape]$p¡ \ep¡. \p¡X$p q]$hk ‘R>u ‘pR>p¡ ]y$:Mphp¡ iŒ$ \B Nep¡. A¡V$gyS> _lu bß ¡ ‘Ndp‹

fku \B Nep. [¡dS> [¡_u Akf ApMp ifufdp‹ \B NB. ifufdp‹ S>èp

S>èpA¡\u fku r_L$m[u l[u. [¡_¡ L$p¡B‘Z ]$hp\u L$p¡B ape]$p¡ \[p¡ _ l[p¡. [¡_p

]$]$fidp‹ q]$hk¡ q]$hk¡ h^pfp¡ \[p¡ l[p¡ R>¡hV¡$ [¡_u lpg[ A¡hu \B NB L¡$ [¡ S>du_ ‘f

‘N dp‹X$u iL$[p¡ _ l[p¡. [¡_p ifufdp‹\u A¡V$gy b y gp¡lu hlu Qy…ey l[y. L¡$ ifuf

D‘f dpÓ QpdX$u A_¡ lpX$L$p bpL$u fü p l[p. [¡_¡ k[[ ]$]fi$ \[y lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ [¡_p¡

ıhcph QuX$ep¡ \B Nep¡ l[p¡. [¡_u Ap budpfu_¡ gu^¡ Ly$Vy‹$b_p b^pS> kæ ep¡

‘f¡ip_ \B Nep l[p. [¡_y‹ ApMy ifuf A¡V$gy b^y kX$u Qy…ey l[y L¡$ L$p¡B [¡_p

ifuf_p A¡L$ cpN D‘f lp\ dyL$[y [p¡ [¡ ifuf_p bu¯ cpNdp‹\u fku blpf

Aphu S>[u l[u. ep¡Np_yep¡N A¡hp¡ \ep¡ L¡$ A¡ q]$hkp¡dp‹ _pB_ ilfdp‹ hbp (àg¡N)

_u budpfu apV$u r_L$mu l[u. [¡\u àg¡N_p X$f\u [¡ gp¡L$p¡ bu¯ Npd Qpºep Nep.

—ep ApL$p eykya _pd_p A¡L$ r_ó Zp‹[ [bub l[p. [¡d_¡ duTpfi dp¡lçd]$_u [bue[

]¡$MpX$hpdp‹ Aphu. gp‹bpkde kyû ¯ ¡ep ‘R>u [¡Z¡ ]$]$w_p dpkp Aå]y$g hlpb_¡

MyZpdp‹ gB S>B_¡ L$p‹B L$ü y. S>¡_p\u A¡d S>ZpB Aph[y l[y L¡$ Ap r_ó Zp‹[ [bub

‘Z [¡_p D‘Qpf L$fhp dpV¡$ gpQpf R>¡. [¡ ‘R>u [p¡ [¡_p Of_p kæ ep¡_u r_fpipdp‹

h'Ýû \B NB. [¡Ap¡ l[pi \B Nep. A¡hpdp‹ A¡hu ¯ ZL$pfu dmu L¡$.

A¡L$ Npddp‹ duTpfi Aby[pgub _pd_p¡ A¡L$ dpZk S>¡ MybS> dyÑL$u A_¡

‘fl¡TNpf R>¡. [¡_u ‘pk¡ Bdpd¡ Aıf A.k. _u Mu]$d[dp‹ âı[y[ L$fhp dpV¡$ A¡L$

AfuTp A_¡ A¡L$ Bı[¡Npkp R>¡. S>¡ AfuTp MybS> AkfL$pfL$ A_¡ AL$kuf R>¡.

budpf dpZk_u dp[p duTpfi Aby[pgub_u ‘pk¡ ‘lp¢Qu. [¡Z¡ ‘p¡[p_p rbdpf

afT‹]$_u iap dpV¡$ AfuTp gMhp_u rh_‹[u L$fu. Sy>çAp_p q]$hk¡ [¡Ap¡A¡ A¡L$

AfuTp gMu Ap‘u. rbdpf dpZk_u dp[p [¡ AfuTp gB_¡ A¡L$ Ly$hp ‘pk¡ AfuTp

_pMhp dpV¡$ NB. ˜epf¡ [¡ZuA¡ [¡ AfuTp _pMu ]$u^u [p¡ [¡ AfuTp A^hˆQ¡S> flu

NB Ap ¯ ¡B_¡ [¡ ıÓu MybS> fX$hp gpNu. budpf_p cpBA¡ fp[_p A¡L$ ıhà_ ¯ ¡ey

L¡$ Bdpd Aıf A.k. [ifua gpìep R>¡. [¡Ap¡_p lp\ dybpfL$dp‹ A¡L$ _¡Tp¡ R>¡. S>¡

_¡Tp_u [¡Ap¡ (AS>.) A¡ dpfp cpB_p ‘X$Mp ‘f fp¿ep¡ A_¡ afdpìey, DW$p¡ [dpfp

dpkp_y‹ ıhpN[ L$fp¡ ([¡_p dpkp OZp kde\u âhpkdp‹ Nep l[p. [¡_p rhj¡ L$p¡B

kdpQpf _ l[p. [¡\u [¡d_p rhj¡ ‘Z Ly$Vy‹$buS>_p¡ Qv[u[ l[p) dpfp¡ cpB DW$Øp¡

A_¡ Dcp¡ \B_¡ ]$fhp¯ ky u dpkp_p ıhpN[ dpV¡$ Nep¡. Ap ıhà_ ¯ ¡ep ‘R>u

rbdpf_p cpB_u Ap‹Mp¡ My� u NB khpf_p¡ kde R>¡. Of_p b^p gp¡L$p¡ ky[p R>¡. [¡

[yf‹[S> ‘p¡[p_p rbdpf cpB_u ‘pk¡ Apìep¡ [¡_¡ S>NpX$Øp¡ A_¡ L$ü y, cpB DW$p¡

[d_¡ Bdpd¡ Aıf A.k. d¡ iap Ap‘u R>¡.Apd L$l¡[p [¡_p¡ lp\ ‘L$X$u_¡ [¡_¡

DW$pX$Øp¡. S>¡ rbdpf cpB fp[ ky^u S>du_ D‘f ‘N ‘Z dyL$u iL$[p¡ _ l[p¡ [¡ MybS>

kpfu fu[¡ ^fdp Qpgu fü p¡ l[p¡. [¡_p ApMp ifufdp‹ fp¡N_y‹ L$p¡B _pdp¡ r_ip_ _

l[y. [¡ AfuTp A_¡ Bı[¡Npkp _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡.

D‘f dyS>b_u AfuTp gMu_¡ hl¡[p ‘pZudp‹ A\hp Ly$hpdp‹ _pMu ]¡$hu A_¡

[¡ hM[¡ _uQ¡ dyS>b L$l¡hy ep Dıdp_ bu_ kB]$, h ep dp¡l‹d]$ bu_ Dıdp_,

Ahk¡gp qL$ık[ A¡gp kpl¡buTTdp_ kghp[y� pl¡ Agel.

(Bfap_ Bdpd[ qL$ıkp¡-109)

qL$ıkp¡ - 21

lp˘ Agu bN]$p]$u_¡ Bdpd (A.k.) _u dygpL$p[

A� pdp lp˘ dufTp lzk¡_ _yfu ‘p¡[p_u qL$[pb ""_S>dyıkpL$ubdp‹’’ gM¡

R>¡ hmu [¡S> b_ph_¡ lp i¡M Aåbpk Dçdu L$u[pb¡ ""dap[ulzg ˘ _p_ dp‹ _uQ¡

âdpZ¡ gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ :

lp˘ Agu bN]$p]$u L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ dpfu ‘pk¡ lL$L¡$ Bdpd_p 80 [ydp_ (kuL$L$p

‘¥kp_p) l[p. lz‹ _S>a Nep¡ _¡ [¡dp_p 20 lp i¡M dyf[y¯ AÞkpfu dyS>[l¡]$_¡

Apàep A_¡ bu¯ 20 lp i¥M dp¡lçd]¡$ lzk¥_¡ dyS>[l¡]¡$ L$pT¡d¥__¡ Apàep bu¯

20 i¡M dp¡lçd]¡$ lk_¡ kyfL$u dyS>[l¡]$_¡ Apàep ‘R>u lz‹ bN]$p]$\u L$pTd¥_

qTepf[ dpV¡$ Nep¡. A_¡ —ep i¡M dp¥lçd]$ lk_ L$pT¡d¥_u (S>¡ epku__u

Ap¡gp]$dp‹\u l[p.) [¡_u dygpL$p[ L$fu A_¡ bpL$u_p 20 dp\u \p¡X$p [¡d_¡ Apàep.

‘R>u qTepf[ L$fu lz‹ S>hp dp‹N[p¡ l[p¡ ‘Z i¥M dp¡lçd]$ lk_¡ L$pTd¥_uA¡ d_¡

fp¡L$php_y‹ L$u^y. ‘Z d¡ L$u^y L¡$ ApS> fp[¡ dpf¡ dpfp L$pfMp_p_p dSy>fp¡_¡ dSy>fu ]¡$hp_u

R>¡ .A¡V$g¡ d¢ bN]$p]$ [fa Qpghp dp‹X$Ø y‹.

ApNm S>[p‹ d¡ A¡L$ [¡S>ıhu ‘yŒ$j_¡ ¯ ¡ep. [¡Z¡ Aphu d_¡ kgpd L$fu,

dykpap¡ gu^p¡. A_¡ bNgNufu L$fu, [¡dZ¡ gugp¡ a¡V$p¡ dp\p ‘f bp‹Ýep¡ l[p¡. [¡d_p

S>dZp Npg ‘f [g_p¡ X$p^ l[p¡. [¡dZ¡ d_¡ ‘|R„>ey L¡$ [y‹ …ep‹ ¯ e R>¡? d¡ L$u^y L¡$ L$pd

lp¡hp\u qTepf[ L$fu lz‹ ‘pR>p¡ bN]$p]$ ¯ D Ry>‹. [¡dZ¡ L$ü y L¡$ [y‹ ‘pR>p¡ af A_¡ ApS>

Sy>çAp_u fp[ R>¡ dpV¡$ qTepf[ L$f. A_¡ lz‹ L$epd[dp‹ kpnu Ap‘ui L¡$ [y‹ dpfp ]$p]$p

lTf[¡ Agu A. _p¡ iuep,]$p¡ı[ R>¡. A_¡ [¡ i¡M ‘Z [pfp dpV¡$ kpnu ‘Z Ap‘i¡.

(Ap hM[¡ lp˘ Agu d_dp‹ rhQpf[p¡ l[p¡ L¡$ lz‹ [¡ i¡M dp¡lçd]$ lk_ ‘pk¡\u

QuÌ$u gMphui A_¡ dpfp L$a_dp‹ fpMui. [¡\uS> ‘¡gp _hp Aph_pf dpZk¡ L$ü y

L¡$ [¡ i¡M ‘Z [pfp dpV¡$ kpnu Ap‘i¡) —epf¡ lp˘ AguA¡ L$ü y L¡$ d¡ ‘yR„>ey [¡ dpZk

_¡ Ap‘¡ L¡$hufu[¡ ¯ ˛ey_¡,d_¡ L¡$hufu[¡ Ap¡m¿ep¡ ? —epf¡ [¡dZ¡ L$ü y L¡$ iy‹ [¡ dpZk L¡$

S>¡_p¡ lL$ bu¯ ¡ dpZk Ap‘¡ [¡_¡ [¡ _ Ap¡mMu iL¡$ ? —epf¡ d¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ L$ep¡ lL$ ? [p¡

[¡Ap¡A¡ L$ü y L¡$ [¡ lL$ L¡$ S>¡ [¢ Adpfp hL$ugp¡_¡ Apàep R>¡. d¢ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ L$ep hL$ugp¡ $?

[¡Ap¡A¡ L$ü y i¡M dp¡lçd]$ lk_ A_¡ hN¡f¡. d¢ d_dp L$ü y L¡$ Ap dpZk d_¡

Ap¡mM¡ R>¡. A_¡ lz‹ [¡_¡ cygu Nep¡ gpNy Ry>‹. dpfp d_dp‹ \ey L¡$ Ap dpZk_¡ Bdpd_p

lL$_u S>Œ$f R>¡. [¡\u d¡ [¡_¡ L$ü y L¡$ A¡ kf]$pf lz‹ i¥M dp¡lçd]$ lk__u f¯ \u [_¡

Bdpd_p¡ lL$ Ap‘ui [p¡ [¡Z¡ lku_¡ L$ü y L¡$ [¡ dpfp¡ lL$L$ Ap‘u]$u^p¡ R>¡. —epf¡ d¡ ‘|R„>ey

L¡$ iy‹ [¡ L$byg \ep¡ R>¡. [¡dZ¡ L$ü y lp. afu d¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ iy‹ Apgudp¡ [dpfp hL$ugp¡ R>¡?

[¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ ""lp’’.

‘R>u [¡d_p L$l¡hp\u lz‹ ‘pR>p¡ aep£ A_¡ Ad¡ L$pTd¥_ [fa S>hp gp`ep d¡ ¯ ¡ey

L¡$ S>¡ fı[p¡ ‘¡gp kyL$p¡ l[p¡. [¡ A—epf¡ azg amp]$u A_¡ h'np¡\u gugp¡ R>d \B Nep¡

R>¡. A_¡ h'np¡_¡ gu^p¡ fı[p ‘f R>pep¡ ‘X$[p¡ l[p¡. A¡L$ bpSy\u ka¡]$ ‘pZu_p¡ Tfp¡

hl¡[p¡ l[p¡. d¡ A¯ ebu\u [¡_¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ Ap b^y iy‹ R>¡ ? [¡dZ¡ L$u^y L¡$ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡

Adpfp ]$p]$p_u Tuepf[ L$f¡ R>¡ [¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ Ap b^p ape]$p dm¡ R>¡. [¡\u lz‹ OZp¡S> Myi

\ep¡. [¡dS> S>fp rhQpfhp ‘Z gp`ep¡ L¡$ Ap dpZk L$p¡Z R>¡? [¡\u Mp[fu Mp[f d¢

[¡d_¡ AdyL$ khpgp¡ ‘|R„>ep,[¡ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡.

(1) d¡ [¡d_¡ ‘yR„>e‹y L¡$ d¢ i¥M Aå]y$f fTTpL$ dlzfid\u kp‹cýey R¡ L¡ S>¡ dpZk

q]$hk¡ fp¡Tp¡ fpM¡,fp[ cf Bbp]$[ L$f¡,Qpguk lS> L$f¡ A_¡ kap A_¡ dfhp_u

hˆQ¡ dfZ ‘pd¡ A_¡ [¡ l. Agu A.k. _p¡ ]$p¡ı[ _ lp¡e [p¡ [¡ b^y _L$pdy R>¡. [p¡ d¡

[¡d_¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ iy‹ Ap kpQy R>¡. ? [p¡ [¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ "lp’

(2) d¡ ‘yR„>ey‹ L¡$ iy‹ A¡L$ dpZk L¡$ S>¡ dpfp¡ kNp¡ R>¡ [¡ l. Agu A.k. _p ]$p¡ı[

dp‹\u R>¡ L¡$ _lv. ? [¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ "lp’.

(3) Apgudp¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$ hM[ kyg¡dp_¡ AAdi L$p¡B_u ‘pk¡ Nep¡ A_¡

Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k. _u Tuepf[_p bpfpdp‹ ‘yR„>ey [p¡ [¡Z¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ [¡

bu]$A[ R>¡ —epf ‘R>u kyg¡dp_¡ ıhà_dp‹ A¡L$ ‘pgMu S>du_ A_¡ Apkdp__u

hˆQ¡ ¯ ¡B [¡dp S>_pb¡ ap[¡dp k.A. A_¡ S>_pb¡ M]$u¯ k.A. l[p A_¡ [¡Ap¡

Sy>çAp_u fp[ lp¡hp\u l. Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k._u Tuepf[ dpV¡$ S>[p l[p.

‘pgMudp‹\u _p_p _p_p L$pNm_p Vy$L$X$p a¡L$p[p l[p. A_¡ [¡dp gM¡gy l[y‹ L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ B.

lzk¥_ A.k._p Tìhpfp¡ R>¡, [¡Ap¡ L$epd[_p q]$hk¡ ]$p¡TM_u ApN\u bQu S>i¡. iy‹

$[¡ hp[ kpQu R>¡ ? [¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ "lp.’

(4) iy‹ l. Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k. _u Tuepf[ gp¡L$p¡_p dpV¡$ A¡L$ Adp_ R>¡,

[¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ "lp’, A_¡ [¡d_u Ap‹M dp‹\u Ap‹ky kfu ‘X$Øp.

(5) d¡ [¡d_¡ khpg L$ep£ L¡$ ]$fp¡]$ Npddp‹ d_¡ A¡L$ [yL$w Afb dþep¡ [¡ Bdpd¡

fTp A.k. _u qTepf[ L$fu ‘pR>p¡ Of¡ S>[p¡ l[p¡. d¡ [¡_¡ Apd‹ÓZ Apàey‹ A_¡ ‘|R„>ey

L¡$ Bdpd¡ fTp A.k. _y‹ il¡f L¡$hy‹ R>¡? [p¡ [¡Z¡ L$u^y L¡$ [¡ S>ß [ R>¡. A_¡ [¡Z¡ —ep‹ 15

q]$hk dp¥gp_y‹ A_pS> Mp^y l[‹y. A¡V$g¡ [¡_¡ L$bfdp‹ dyÞL$uf A_¡ _L$uf afuí[p

k[phi¡ _lu. L$pfZ L¡$ [¡_y Np¡í[ A_¡ gp¡lu Bdpd_p Mp¡fpL$\u kpa bÞep R>¡.

A_¡ Bdpd¡ fTp A.k. L$bfdp‹ Aphu bQphi¡. iy‹ Ap hp[ kpQu R>¡ $? [¡dZ¡

S>hpb Apàep¡ "lp’.

afu ‘pR>p d¡ [¡d_¡ khpgp¡ ‘|R>hp iŒ$ L$eyfi. d¡ [¡d_¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ d¡ ‘Z Bdpd¡

fTp A.k._u Tuepf[ L$fu R>¡,iy‹ [¡ L$byg \B R>¡? [¡dZ¡ L$u^y "lp’,iy‹ dpfp ]$p¡ı[

lp˘ dp¡lçd]$ b�>pS> bpiu S>¡ dpfu kp\¡ dykpafudp‹ l[p. [¡_u ‘Z qTepf[ L$byg

\B R>¡ ? [¡dZ¡ L$ü y "lp’. hmu bu¯ ¡ A¡L$ dpZk bN]$p]$u L¡$ S>¡ dpfu kp\¡ l[p¡ [¡_u

‘Z qTepf[ L$byg \B R>¡? —epf¡ [¡dZ¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ _lv,A¡V$g¡ lz‹ [f[S> kd˘

Nep¡ L¡$dL¡$ [¡ dpZk kpfp¡ _ l[p¡. hmu [¡Z¡ ‘p¡[p_u dp[p _¡ dpfu _pMu l[u.

[¡ ‘R>u Adp¡ Qpghp gp`ep A_¡ A¡L$ fı[p ‘f Apìep L¡$ S>¡ e[udp¡_p¡ fı[p¡

L$l¡hp[p¡ l[p¡. ¯ ¡ L¡$ [¡ fı[¡\u S>hp dpV¡$ lz‹ [p¡ _pfpT l[p¡ ‘Z ˜epf¡ [¡dZ¡ L$ü y L¡$ Ap

dpNfi dpfp ]$p]$p Aduf A.k. _p¡ R>¡. A_¡ l. Agu A.k. _p ]$p¡ı[p¡ dpV¡$ [¡ fı[p

‘f Qpghy‹ ¯ A¡T> R>¡. —epf¡ Ad¡ —ep‹\u Qpºep,[¡ fı[p ‘f A¡L$ bpN l[p¡. [¡_p

dprgL$ lp duTpfi lp]$u l[p¡. hmu [¡ AS>d_p¡ ‘¥kp]$pf l[p¡ —epf¡ d¡ [¡d_¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$

Ap bpN Bdpd¡ fTp A.k. _p¡ R>¡. A_¡ [¡d_p\u R>u_hpB g¡hpep¡ R>¡ ? [¡dZ¡ L$u^y L¡$

Qy‘ flp¡. —ep‹\u ApNm Qpg[p _p_u _]$u Aphu —ep ApNm b¡ fı[p l[p. A¡L$

fpl¡ kyg[p_u l[p¡. A_¡ bu¯ ¡ fpl¡ kp]$p[u l[p¡. Adp¡ fpl¡ kp]$p[u\u Nep. \p¡X$p

‘Ngp ‘R>u d¡ ¯ ¡ey L¡$ Adp¡ Bdpd¡ dykp A.k._p fp¡Tp_p kl¡_dp‹ l[p. ‘R>u

bpbyg dyfp]$_p ]$fhp¯ dp‹\u lfddp‹ ]$pMg \ep. —ep [¡dZ¡ d_¡ qTepf[ ‘X$hp_y‹

L$u^y. A_¡ dpfp dpV¡$ [¡dZ¡ qTepf[ ‘X$hu iŒ$ L$fu. qTepf[dp‹ [¡dZ¡ ANuepf

Bdpdp¡_p _pd gu^p. A_¡ ANuepfdp‹ Bdpd_p _pd hM[¡ L$u^y L¡$ Aıkgpdp¡

AgeL$yd ep Abp lk_ AıL$fu ‘R>u [¡dZ¡ d_¡ L$u y L¡$ iy‹ [‹y [pfp Tdp_p_p

Bdpd_¡ Ap¡mM¡ R>¡?

d¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ "lp’, [¡dZ¡ L$ü ‹y L¡$ [p¡ ‘R>u [‹y [pfp Tdp_p_p Bdpd ‘f kgpd L$f.

[¡\u d¡ L$u y Aıkgpdp¡ AgeLy$d ep lzS>S>[� pl¡ kpl¡byTTdp_ ep Abg lk_.

[¡Ap¡ lıep A_¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ AgŁL$$ıkgpd.‘R>u fp¡Tp_¡ Qyçep ‘R>u d¡ L$ü y L¡$

lh¡ bu˘ qTepf[ ‘X$p¡.[¡\u [¡dZ¡ qTepf[¡ Adu_y� pl ‘X$hp_u iŒ$ L$fu.

A¡V$gpdp‹[p¡ bÑuAp¡dp‹_u A¡L$ bÑu kyfS> S>¡hu âL$piu[ b_u.[¡ ‘R>u Bdpd lzk¥_

A.k._u qTepf[ L$fu.[¡hpdp‹ dNfub_u _dpT_u ATp_ \B NB. [¡\u Adp¡

bpSy>_u dı ]$dp‹ Nep. [¡dZ¡ d_¡ L$ü y L¡$ [‹y _dpT¡ S>dpA[dp‹ ifuL$ \B ¯ .[¡\u lz‹

_dpTdp‹ ipdug \B Nep¡ A_¡ ‘p¡[¡ Bdpd_u bpSy>dp‹ _dpT ‘X$hp gpèp.˜epf¡

_dpT ‘yfu \B [p¡ d_¡ ‘pR>p [¡Ap¡ _ S> ]¡$MpZp ‘R>u d¡ OZuS> ip¡^ L$fu. ‘f‹[y [¡Ap¡

d_¡ _ dþep. ‘R>u lz‹ rhQpf L$fhp gpèp¡ L¡$ [¡Ap¡ L$p¡Z li¡? L¡$ S>¡dZ¡ d_¡ ApV$gp

khpg_p S>hpb Apàep. dp¡A˘ Tp b[pìep.qTepf[ ‘X$[p d¡ kgpd L$fu [p¡ [¡Z¡

S>hpb Apàep¡. _pRy>V$L¡$ d¡ ApMu fp[ OZuS> b¡Q¡_udp‹ ‘kpf L$fu. khpf¡ lz‹ [¡ i¥M

dp¥lçd]$ lk_ ‘pk¡ Nep¡ A_¡ bû hp[ [¡_¡ L$lu k‹cmphu. [¡Z¡ d_¡ L$u^y L¡$ Qy‘

flp¡ A_¡ L$p‹B _ bp¡gp¡. [¡ ‘R>u A¡L$ drl_¡ [¡S> lfddp‹ d¡ A¡L$ k¥e]$_¡ ¯ ¡ep.[¡dZ¡

d_¡ ‘yR„>ey L¡$ A¡L$ dpk ‘l¡gp [pfu kp\¡ iy‹ b_ph \e¡gp¡. [y‹ d_¡ L$l¡ ‘Z lz‹ Qy‘

fü p¡, A¡V$gp dp‹ [p¡ ‘pR>p [¡ k¥e]$ NpA¡b \B Nep.(Bfap_ Bdpd[,qL$ıkp¡ : 78)

22 Neb[¡ Bdpd A.k. dp‹ Ap‘Zu S>hpb]$pfu :

Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k. D‘f fX$hy ‹.

Ap A¡L$ A¡hy L$pefi R>¡,L¡$ S>¡_p\u Bdpd A.k._p lL$L$p¡ A]$p \pe R>¡. A_¡ [¡dp‹

L$p¡B i‹L$p _\u L¡$ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. _p lL$L$ A]$p L$fhp¡ [¡ A� pl_u _T]$uL$u âpÆ

L$fhp_y‹ A¡L$ Mpk A_¡ dlp_ dpÝed R>¡.¯ Aaf Bå_¡ dp¡lçd]$ Bå_¡ L$p¡ghŁl¡ Ly$çdu

A.f.‘p¡[p_u qL$[pb L$pdugyT qTepf[dp‹ k_]$ kp\¡ Bdpd kpr]$L$ A.k. Bdpd

lzk¥_ A.k. D‘f fX$hp_u aTug[_u A¡L$ gp‹bu l]$uk_y‹ hZfi_ L$f¡ R>¡ ""L$p¡B Ap‹M

L¡$ L$p¡B Ap‹ky A� pl_u _Tfdp‹ [¡ Ap‹M\u h^pf¡ ‘k‹]$ L$fhp gpeL$ _\u, S>¡ Bdpd

lzk¥_ A.k. D‘f fX¡$ A_¡ Ap‹ky hlph¡ A_¡ L$p¡B fp¡hphpmp¡ Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k.

dpV¡$ _\u fX$[p¡,bºL¡$ [¡Z¡ S>_pb¡ ap[¡dp Tl¡fp k.A. _¡ A¡L$ c¡V$ Ap‘u. A_¡

[¡d_p rhgp‘dp‹ (Nddp‹) [¡d_u d]$]$ L$fu A_¡ fkyg¡ My]$p k.A.h. _¡ A¡L$ c¡V$

Ap‘u A_¡ dpfp lL$L$_¡ A]$p L$ep£ L$epd[_p q]$hk¡ ]$f¡L_¡ fp¡[u Ap‹Mp¡ kp\¡ Dcp

L$fhpdp‹ Aphi¡, rkhpe [¡_¡ L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ dpfp dTgyd ]$p]$p Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k. ‘f

fX$[p l[p. L¡$dL¡$ S>¡ [¡d_p ‘f fX$Øp li¡ [¡d_u Ap‹Mp¡ QdL$[u li¡. [¡d_¡ Myi

Mbfu Ap‘hpdp‹ Aphi¡ A_¡ [¡d_p Ql¡fp ‘f\u Myiu V$‘L$[u li¡. [dpd kS>fi_p¡

[¡d_p ‘qfZpd bpb[ cedp‹ li¡, rkhpe [¡Ap¡ L¡$ S¡>Ap¡¡ Bdpd¡ dTgyd A.k.

D‘f fX$hphpmp li¡. [¡Ap¡ k‹‘|Zfi kgpd[udp‹ li¡. b^p gp¡L$p¡ dl¡if_p d¡]$p_dp‹

c¡Np \i¡.˜epf¡ Ap gp¡L$p¡ Aifi_u _uQ¡ R>pepdp‹ Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k. kp\¡ hp[p¡

L$f[p li¡. [¡ gp¡L$p¡ rlkpb_p q]$hk_u L$X$L$pB\u X$fi¡ _lu. >[¡Ap¡_¡ S>ß [dp‹ ]$pMg

\hp_y‹ L$l¡hpdp‹ Aphi¡. ‘f‹[y [¡Ap¡ [¡d _lv L$f¡,[¡Ap¡ S>ß [ L$f[p Bdpd lzk¥_

A.k. _p¡ klhpk h^y ‘k‹]$ L$fi¡. S>ß [_u lzfp¡ [¡Ap¡_¡ k‹]¡$ip¡ dp¡L$g[u li¡ L¡$

[¡ZuAp¡ Ap gp¡L$p¡_u fpl ¯ ¡B flu R>¡.[¡d R>[p,[¡Ap¡ Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k._u

hp[Qu[\u A¡V$gp âkß li¡ L¡$ lzfp¡ [fa Ýep_ _lv Ap‘¡. (L$pd¡gyT Tuepf[

cpN-26, ‘¡. 81)

D‘f ]$ipfih¡g hp…ep¡ "dpfp lL$_¡ A]$p L$ep£’ kyQh¡R>¡ L¡$ Bdpd lzk¥_ A.k.

D‘f fX$hy‹ [¡ A¡L$ A¡hy L$pefi R>¡,L¡$ S>¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A.k. A_¡ bu¯ ‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡

A.k. _p lL$L$_¡ A]$p L$fhp_y‹ L$pfZ b_¡ R>¡.

(23) Ap‘Zu Bdpd A.â—e¡ _u afS>: Bdpd_p

rhep¡N_p ]y$:Mdp‹ ip¡L$d� b_hy‹.

Bdpd¡ kpq]$L$ A.k. A¡L$ gp‹bu l]$ukdp‹ afdph¡ R>¡,L¡$ : ]y$r_epdp‹ A¡L$ ‘Z

Ap‹M S>¡ Adpfu dykub[p¡ ‘f ]y$:Mu \i¡ [p¡ [¡Ap¡ ApM¡f[dp‹ Ad_¡ lìT¡ L$p¥kf

rkhpe bu˘ L$p¡B S>`epA¡ _lv dm¡. (b¡lpŒ$g AÞhpf cpN 8 ‘p.22 l]$uk

_‹.17) AÞe l]$ukdp‹ Bdpd A. afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : ¯ ¡ L$p¡B dpZk_y‹ q]$g Ap ]y$r_ep dp‹

Adpfp ‘f \[p‹ Tyºdp¡ b]$g ]y$:Mu \pe [p¡ [¡_p¡ ]f¡L$ ðpk "[ıbul’_p¡ khpb

fpM¡ R>¡. (Dkyg¡ L$pau l]uk _‹.3 ‘p_p _‹.320)

[ıbul_p¡ khpb L¡$V$gp¡? l.Agu A._u l]$uk âdpZ¡ [ıbul_p¡ khpb A¡ R>¡

L¡$ ""S>epf¡ BÞkp_ "kyålp_� pl’ L$l¡ R>¡ —epf¡ [dpd arfí[pAp¡ [¡_p ‘f fl¡d[

(âk‹ip) _prTg L$f¡ R>¡. ([hlu]¡$ k]y$L$ cpN 1 ‘p_p _‹.312) bu A¡L$ l]$ukdp‹

Bdpd¡ kpq]$L$ A. afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : ApMf Tdp_pdp‹ gp¡L$p¡ (Adpfp L$pA¡d - Bdpd¡

Tdp_p A. rhi¡) L$li¡ L¡$ [¡Ap¡ BÞ[L$pg L$fu Nep R>¡. L$¡V$gp‹L$ L$l¡i¡ L¡$ [¡Ap¡ L$p¡B

MuZdp‹ NpA¡b \B Nep R>¡. ‘f‹[y dp¡rd_p¡ [¡Ap¡_u Sy>]$pBdp‹ fX$u DW$i¡.(Neb[¡

_p¥dp_u ApMf Tdp_p rhi¡_p âL$fZdp‹ ‘p_p _‹.77)

Bdpd dykp L$pTud (A.) _u l]$uk d|S>b (Neb[_p) ApMf Tdp_pdp‹

S>epf¡ L$pA¡d (A.) _y‹ _pd g¡hpdp‹ Aphi¡ —epf¡ riepAp¡_u Ap‹Mp¡ Ap‹kyAp¡\u

cfpB S>i¡‹. A¡hp riepAp¡ L$epd[dp‹ Adpfu kp\¡ li¡.[¡Ap¡ Adpfp\u Myi li¡

A_¡ Ad¡ [¡d_p\u fp lp¡Biy‹.

(24) Ap‘Zu Óu˘ S>hpb]$pfu : BÞ[¡Tpf

BÞ[¡Tpf L$p¡B_¡ ‘Z Qplhp_y‹ ‘qfZpd A¡ lp¡e R>¡, L¡$ [¡_u N¡flpS>fudp‹ [¡d_¡

ep]$ L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡ A_¡ Ap[yf[p‘|hfiL$ [¡d_u fpl ¯ ¡hpdp‹ Aph¡.

Ap hp[_¡ A¡L$ ]$pMgp \L$u kd˘ A¡. S>epf¡ L$p¡B k‹[p_p¡_p r‘[p ‘p¡[p_p

h[_\u ]y$f L$p¡B Npddp‹ _p¡L$fu L$f[p lp¡e A_¡ [¡ S>epf¡ [¡_p bpmL$p¡ kp\¡ ap¡_ ‘f

hp[ L$f¡ —epf¡ ıhpcprhL$ fu[¡ S> ‘l¡gp¡ khpg A¡ lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ : ""‘à‘p,[d¡ Of¡ L$epf¡

Aphip¡? ’’Aphp¡ khpg ‘yR>hp_y‹ bpmL$_¡ iuMhhpdp‹ Aph[y‹ _\u.‘f‹[y Ap

Ap‹[fıLy$fZp A_¡ bpmL$_p r‘[p â—e¡_u Ly$]$f[u dp¡låb[_p L$pfZ¡ ‘yR>hpdp‹

Aph[p¡ lp¡e R>¡. ApV$gy‹S> _lv,bpmL$ ‘p¡[p_p r‘[p_¡ k[[ ep]$ L$f[p fl¡ R>¡ [¡dS>

[¡d_p rdÓp¡ kp\¡ fd[p‹ fd[p‹ A¡hy‹ L$l¡[p kp‹cmhp dm¡ R>¡ L¡$ : dpfp r‘[pA¡ L$ü y‹ R>¡

L¡$ : [¡Ap¡ Vy‹$L$ kdedp‹S> Aph_pf R>¡. Ap‘Zp¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A. â—e¡_p¡ â¡d ‘Z

_p_p bpmL$p¡_p¡ [¡_p r‘[p â—e¡_p â¡d_u S>¡d ıhcpqhL$, iy´^ A_¡ Ly$]$f[u lp¡e

[p¡ L¡$V$gy‹ kpŒ$ \pe!? b¡iL$ Bdpd (A) _p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$fhp¡ Bdpd â—e¡_u

dp¡låb[_u r_ip_u R>¡. S>¡ rhi¡ Bdpd kpq]$L$ (A.) afdph¡ R>¡. ""Bdpd_p Tlzf

dpV¡$ khpf A_¡ kp‹S BÞ[¡Tpf L$fp¡.’’A¡L$ ipef¡ blzS> ky‹]$f iå]$p¡dp‹ Bdpd A._p

BÞ[¡Tpf_u hp[ _¡ Ap fu[¡ fSy> L$fu R>¡:- A� pl Nhpl R>¡, L¡$ lz‹ Ap‘_¡ ep]$ L$f[p¡

_\u ‘f‹[y lz‹ Ap‘_¡ ep]$ L$B fu[¡ L$Œ‹$ ! S>epf¡ L¡$ lz‹ Ap‘_¡ cyºep¡ S> _\u !

(duL$uepgyg dL$pfud cpN-2 ‘p_p _‹.308)

b¡iL$ BÞ[¡Tpf_p¡ kpQp¡ A\fi A¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap‘Zp q]$gp¡dp‹\u Ap‘Zp Bdpd A.

_u ep]$ L$]$u cygphu _ ¯ ¡BA¡. Ap‘Zpdp‹\u S>¡ L$p¡B kpa q]$g, Mygyk r_Łe[ A_¡

dp¡låb[_u gpNZu kp\¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A. _p Tlzf_p¡ BÞ[Tpf L$f[p lp¡e [p¡

[¡Ap¡ A¡L$ Mpk ı\p_ A_¡ dl—h ^fph¡ R>¡ S>¡ hp[ _uQ¡ dyS>b_u l]$ukp¡\u ı‘ô $

\pe R>¡. (1) Bdpd¡ ¯ af kpq]$L$ A.k. afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : S>¡ L$p¡B Ap ]y$r_epdp‹\u

L$pA¡d A._p BÞ[¡Tpf (L$f[p lp¡hp_u) lpg[dp‹ rh]$pe g¡e [p¡ [¡ ¯ Z¡L¡$ Adpfp

kp\¡ Adpfp [‹bydp‹ l[p¡. (L$dpgy]„$u_ cpN 2 ‘p.644 l]$uk _‹.1.rdL$uepgyg

dL$pfud cpN f ‘p.206 ‘iwe_ Aph'rÑ).

(2) bu l]$ukdp‹ Bdpd¡ kpq]$L$ A.afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡ L$p¡B Adpfu lzLy$d[_p¡

BÞ[¡Tpf L$f¡, [p¡ [¡ A� pl (kyålp_lz h [Apgp) _u fpldp‹ ‘p¡[p_p gp¡lu\u

_lphp kdp_ R>¡ (L$dpgy]„$u_ cpN 2 ‘p.645,l]$uk _‹.6 A_¡

duL$uepgyg dL$pfud cpN f ‘p_p 2 _‹.207 ‘iwe_ Aph'rÑ)

(3) AÞe l]$ukdp‹ BÞ[¡Tpf_p L$pd_p dl—h ‘f cpf Ap‘u_¡ Bdpd¡

kpq]$L$ A. A¡ afdpìey‹ L¡$ : A¡ riepAp¡ Myi_kub R>¡,L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ Neb[_p Tdp_pdp‹

[¡d_p Bdpd A._p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$f¡. [¡hp gp¡L$p¡ A� pl_p ]$p¡ı[ R>¡. [¡hp gp¡L$p¡_¡ X$f _lv

lp¡e A_¡ _ [p¡ [¡Ap¡ ]y$:Mu \i¡.(L$dpgy]„$u_ cpN 2 ‘p.357,l]$uk _‹.54 A_¡

duL$uepgyg dL$pfud cpN f ‘p_p 2 _‹.207 ‘iwe_ Aph'rÑ).

(4) dyTaaf Bå_¡ Ddf L$l¡ R>¡ : A¡L$ hM[ d¢ Bdpd ¯ af kpq]$L$ A._u

lpS>fudp‹ lTf[ L$pA¡d A._¡ ep]$ L$epfi [¡dS> A¡hp gp¡L$p¡_¡ ep]$ L$epfi L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ Bdpd

A._p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$f[p L$f[p ]y$r_ep\u rh]$pe \B Nep l[p. —epf¡ Bdpd¡ kpq]$L$ A.

A¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ : S>epf¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p A. Tlzf afdphi¡ —epf¡ Bdpd A.k.

A¡hp gp¡L$p¡_u L$b°_u ‘pk¡ S>i¡ A_¡ [¡Ap¡_¡ [¡d_p _pd gB_¡ k‹bp¡^_ L$fi¡ A_¡

afdphi¡ L¡$ [dpfp Bdpd¡ Tlzf L$epfi¡ R>¡. ¯ ¡ [d¡ BˆR>p¡ [p¡ Aphp¡ A_¡ [¡d_u kp\¡

¯ ¡X$pB ¯ h. (N¥b[¡ i¥M [yku ‘p_p _‹.276A_¡ duL$uepgyg dL$pfud cpN f ‘p_p

2 _‹.7 ‘iwe_ Aph'rÑ).

(5) l.AduŒ$g dp¡Ad¡_u_ A.k. A¡ afdpìey‹ ""S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ Ap ]y$r_epdp‹

Adpfp lzL$dp¡_y‹ ‘pg_ L$fi¡ [¡Ap¡ ApM¡f[dp‹ Adpfu kp\¡ DˆQ ]$fS>¯ ‘f li¡,

A_¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ Adpfu lzLy$d[_p¡ BÞ[Tpf L$f¡ R>¡. [¡Ap¡ A¡hp R>¡ L¡$ [¡Ap¡A¡ ¯ Z¡ L¡$

A� pl ([Apgp) _u fpldp‹ ]$rfepdp‹ Xy$bL$u gNphu lp¡e. (b¡lpŒ$g A_hpf cpN-

55 ‘p_p _‹.123 l]$uk _‹.7 duL$uepgyg dL$pfud cpN f ‘p_p 2 _‹.210 ‘iwe_

Aph'rÑ)

(6)Bdpd¡ ¯ af kpq]$L$ A. A¡ afdpìey‹ "" S>¡ L$p¡B ‘p¡[p_p Tdp_p_p

Bdpd_p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$f[p L$f[p d'—ey ‘pd¡ [¡ Bdpd A.k. _p [‹bydp‹ [¡Ap¡ kp\¡

lpS>f lp¡e [¡hp gp¡L$p¡ kdp_ R>¡.’’ —epf ‘R>u Bdpd \p¡X$uhpf fp¡L$pB Nep A_¡

afdpìey‹ ""_p,[¡hp gp¡L$p¡_p¡ ]$fS>¯ ¡ Bdpd_u kp\¡ flu_¡ Bdpd A.k._p ]y$íd_p¡

kpd¡ [ghpf\u gX$_pf S>¡hp¡ R>¡.’’ —epf ‘R>u \p¡X$uhpf AV$L$u_¡ Bdpd¡ ApNm

afdpìey‹ ""_p,[¡hp gp¡L$p¡_p¡ ]$fS>¯ ¡ ‘eN‹bf¡ Bıgpd (k.A.h.) kp\¡ flu

gX$pBdp‹ ilu]$ \_pf S>¡hp¡ R>¡’’(b¡lpŒ$g AÞhpf cpN -56 ‘p_p _‹.126 l]$uk

_‹.18)

(7) Bdpd dp¡l‹d]$ bpqL$f A.k. A¡ afdpìey‹ ""Bdpd A._p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf

L$fhp_u lpg[dp‹ Ap ]y$r_ep\u rh]$pe$ g¡_pf dpV¡$ _yL$ip_ _\u L¡$dL¡$ [¡ A¡hp

k¥r_L$p¡_u S>¡d d'—ey ‘pd¡ R>¡,S>¡ l.L$pA¡d A.k._u kp\¡ [¡Ap¡_p [‹bydp‹ lpS>f

lp¡e’’(Dkyg¡ L$pau cpN 1 ‘p_p _‹.376 l]$uk _‹.1 A_¡ duL$uepgyg dL$pfud cpN

f ‘p_p _‹.213 ‘iwe_ Aph'rÑ)

(8) Bdpd dp¡l‹d]$ bpL$uf (A.k.) A¡ afdpìey‹ ""l.L$pA¡d A.k._p

Tlzf_p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$fhp_p¡ khpb [¡_p S>¡hp¡ R>¡ L¡$ L$p¡B q]$hk_p kdedp‹ fp¡Tp fpM¡

A_¡ fp[ Bbp]$[dp‹ rh[ph¡’’(Dkyg¡ L$pau cpN 2 ‘p_p _‹.222 l]$uk _‹.4 A_¡

duL$uepgyg dL$pfud cpN 2 ‘p_p _‹.213 ‘iwe_ Aph'rÑ) ìlpgp hp‹QL$p¡, ‘rhÓ

Bdpdp¡_u D‘fp¡L$[ l]$ukp¡ Ap‘Z_¡ Bdpd A.k._p BÞ[¡Tpf_y‹ dl—h A_¡ d|ºe

ı‘ô $ L$fhp dpV¡$ ‘|f[u R>¡.Ap b^u l]$ukp¡ Ap‘Z_¡ Bdpd A.k. â—e¡_u

dp¡låb[dp‹ h^pfp¡ L$fhp dpV¡$ A_¡ Bdpd A. _p Tlzf_p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$fhp dpV¡$_p

âe—_p¡ dpV¡$ ¯ N'[ L$fhp âp¡—kplu[ L$f¡ R>¡.

Ap rhjedp‹ ApNm h^[p Ap‘Z¡ Ap‘Zp �]$e_p JX$pZdp‹\u A¡

khpg_p¡ S>hpb d¡mhuA¡ L¡$""iy‹ Ap‘Z¡ Bdpd A._p Tlzf \hp rhi¡ ce

A_ychuA¡ R>uA¡?’’ ıhpcprhL$ fu[¡ A¡L$ dpZk A¡huS> ìeqL$[_p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$f¡ R>¡

S>¡_p\u [¡_¡ L$p¡B ]$l¡i[ L¡$ ^pı[u _ lp¡e [¡dS> A¡huS> ìeqL$[_p¡ BÞ[¡Tpf L$fhpdp‹

Aph¡ R>¡ S>¡_p¡ ‘p¡[p_u ‘f L$p¡B lL$ L¡$ ]$php¡ _ lp¡e.]$p.[.A¡L$ Qp¡f L$]$u ‘Z ‘p¡guk_p¡

BÞ[¡Tpf L$f[p¡ _\u L¡$ A¡L$ ifpbu dı ]$_p dp¥gp_p ‘p¡[p_u kpd¡ Aph¡ [¡hu

â[unp L$]$u L$f[p¡ _\u.Ap‘Z¡ kpQp A\fidp‹ BÞ[¡Tpf L$f_pf —epf¡ S> NZpiy‹,

S>epf¡ N¥b[_p Tdp_pdp‹ Ny_plp¡\u ]|$f fl¡hp_p N‹cuf[p‘|hfiL $âe—_ L$fuiy‹.

kp\p¡kp\ Bdpd_¡ l‹d¡ip �]$e‘|hfiL$ Qpl[p fluiy‹.Alv Ad¡ A¡L$ rhÜ p_

dpZk¡ kpdp˘ L$ ìehlpf L¡$ ]‹$c rhi¡ L$f¡gu hp[_¡ âı[y[ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. ]$p.[.

kdpS>_p AdyL$ hpguAp¡_u A¡hu aqfep]$ lp¡e R>¡, L¡$ ""Ad¡ iy‹ L$fuA¡? Adpfp

bpmL$p¡ A¡V$gp b^p ˘ ]$'u L¡$ lW$ugp R>¡ L$¡ Adpfu hp[ dp_[p _\u. [¡\u Adpf¡

af˘ ep[ V¡$guhuT_ ¯ ¡hy‹ ‘X¡$ R>¡.""A¡ gp¡L$p¡ bpmL$p¡\u [p¡ Xf¡ R>¡ ‘f‹[y Ny_pl L$fhpdp‹

A� pl A_¡ [¡_p Bdpd\u X$f[p _\u.Ap‘Z¡ A� pl [Apgp ‘pk¡ Ly$fAp_¡

d˘ ]$_u _uQ¡_u Ape[ Ap‘Zp q]$gp¡dp‹ l‹d¡ip fl¡ [¡ dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fuA¡ ""iy‹ [d¡

_\u ¯ Z[p L¡$ A� pl [d_¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡ ?’’

(25) Bdpd¡ Aıf (A.k) _p riepAp¡ kp\¡ ]$p¡ı[u L$fhu A_¡ d]$]$ Œ$‘

\hy‹.

(1) l. Bdpd Agu f¡Tp (A.k.) A¡ afdpìey‹ : ""¯ ¡ L$p¡B S>Œ$f[d‹]$ riep_¡

d]$]$ L$f¡ ([¡_p ‘f Al¡kp_ L$f¡ [¡_u kp\¡ k‹b‹^p¡ ¯ mh¡) [p¡ [¡ Ad_¡ d]$]$ L$fhp

[\p Adpfu kp\¡ k‹b‹^p¡ ¯ mhhp kdp_ R>¡.’’(L$prdgyT rTepf[ : ‘p_p

_‹.319).

(2) l.Bdpd dykp L$pTud (A.k.)afdph¡ R>¡ : ""¯ ¡ L$p¡B riep [dpfu ‘pk¡

[¡_u lpS>[ gB_¡ Aph¡ [p¡ A¡d kd¯ ¡ L¡$ A� pl¡ [dpfp ‘f ]$ep L$fu R>¡. A_¡ [dpfp

dpV¡$ [¡_u fl¡d[_p ]$fhp¯ Mp¡gu _p¿ep R¡. b¡iL$ ¯ ¡ [¡ S>Œ$[fd‹]$_u d]$]$ Lf¡ [p¡ [¡

‘p¡[p_¡ ([¡_p L$pefi \L$u) Adpfu _T]$uL$ L$fi¡. Ap L$pd kpQ¡ S> A� pl_u rhgpe[

d¡mhhp kdp_ R>¡.’’ (b¡lpŒ$g A_hpf : cpN-74 ‘p_p _‹.413)

(3) Bdpd S>Aaf¡ kpq]$L$ (A.k.) A¡L$ l]$ukdp‹ afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ My]$p_u

L$kd,¯ ¡ L$p¡B Adpfp riepAp¡dp‹\u aL$[ A¡L$ dpZk_¡ Myi L$f¡ [p¡ [¡ Ad_¡ Myi

L$fhp kdp_ R>¡. —epf¡ ‘R>u Bdpd ApNm afdpìey‹ : _p,[¡ ‘eNçbf (k.A.h.)

A_¡ A� pl_¡ Myi L$fhp kdp_ R>¡.

(4) Bdpd dykp Bå_¡ S>Aaf kpq]$L$ (A.k) A¡L$ l]$ukdp‹ afdph¡ R>¡.:

""S>¡ L$p¡B Adpfp A¡L$ riep_u lpS>[ ‘yfu L$f¡ [p¡ [¡ Adp¡ Alg¡b¥[ (A.k) _u

lpS>[ ‘yfu L$fhp kdp_ R>¡’’.

(5) ‘rhÓ ‘eNçbf (k.A.h.) A¡ afdpìey‹ : ""¯ ¡ L$p¡B dpZk ‘p¡[p_p

dp¡du_ cpB_u d]$]$_p¡ âe—_ A� pl_u Myiu dpV¡$ A_¡ ApM¡f[_u cgpB dpV¡$ Lf¡

[p¡ [¡ A¡L$ l¯ f hjfi ky^u A¡L$ ‘Z Ny_pl L$epfi rkhpe A_¡ Ap‹M_p¡ ‘gL$pfp¡ dpepfi

hNf A� pl_u d]$]$ L$fhp kdp_ R>¡. (L$dpgy]'u_ : ‘p_p _‹.541)

D‘fp¡L$[ l]$ukp¡\u A¡ hp[ ı‘ô $ \pe R>¡. L¡$ l.Agu (A.k.) _p

riepAp¡_¡¡ Bdpd_u N¥b[_p Tdp_pdp‹ d]$]$ L$fhu,[¡d_u lpS>[p¡_¡ ‘yfu L$fhp_p¡

b]$gp¡ ‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡_¡ d]$]$ L$fhp_p b]$gp kdp_ R>¡.

b¡iL$ ¯ ¡ L$p¡B bpmL$_¡ [¡_p dp bp‘_u N¡flpS>fudp‹ d]$]$ L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡ [p¡

[¡ bpmL$_p dp bp‘ S>epf¡ ‘pR>p af¡ —epf¡ [¡_p bpmL$_¡ L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡gu d]$]$_¡

‘p¡[p_p ‘f L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡gp A¡lkp_ kdp_ NZ¡ R>¡.

Bdpd lk_ AıL$fu (A.k.) _u l]$uk AÓ¡ âı[y[ L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡ R>¡,S>¡

[dpd hp[p¡_p¡ kpf A¡ R>¡ L¡$ N¥b[¡ Bdpd (A.k.)_p Tdp_pdp‹ L$p¡B ¯ rlg_¡

dTlb_u hp[ iuMhhu A¡-A¡lg¡b¥[ (A.k.)_p bpmL$_p dp\p

‘f â¡d\u lp\ a¡fìep kdp_ R>¡. (Bdpd A._u N¥b[_p S>dp_pdp‹ riepAp¡

e[ud/A_p\ R>¡.) Ap L$pefi_p¡ b]$gp¡A¡ R>¡ L¡$ bpmL$_p dp\p D‘f lp\

a¡fh[u hM[¡ [¡ bpmL$_p dp\p_p S>¡V$gp hpm D‘f lp\ af¡ [¡V$gu k‹¿ep âdpZ¡

[¡_p Ny_plp¡ dpa L$fu ]¡$hpdp‹ Aphi¡.

b¡lpŒ$g A_hpf_p bu¯ cpNdp‹\u rdfTp dp¡l‹d]$ bpL$uf aL$ul¡ Bdpd

(A.) _u A¡L$ l]$uk _p¢^u R>¡.[¡_p¡ kpf Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡. A¡L$ Aop_ dpZk_¡ Bdpd¡

Tdp_p (A.k.) rh¡i¡_y‹ dpNfi]$ifi_ Ap‘hy‹ [¡ 100 hjfi_u kpQu A_¡ L$byg \e¡gu

Bbp]$[ L$f[p‹ h^pf¡ kpŒ‹$ L$pd R>¡. A� pl_u _S>fp¡dp‹ A¡hp¡ dpZk (A¡V$g¡ L¡$ gp¡L$p¡_¡

Bdpd â—e¡ dpNfi]$ifi_ Ap‘_pf dpZk) _u lpS>fu 70 dp¡du_p¡ L$f[p h^pf¡ kpfu

R>¡. D‘fp¡L$[ l]$uk\u Ap‘Z¡ _uQ¡ dyS>b_p hp[_p [pfZ D‘f Aphu iL$uA¡.

(1) iL$e lp¡e —ep‹ ky^u Ap‘Zu iqL$[ A_¡ nd[p dyS>b A¡lg¡b¥[

(A.dy.k.)_p riepAp¡_u dyíL¡$guAp¡_y‹ r_hpfZ L$fhp_u A_¡ [¡d_¡ d]$]$

L$fhp_u ‘yfu L$p¡riip¡ L$fhu ¯ ¡BA¡.A� pl [Apgp A_¡ ABçdp (A.dy.k) Mpk

L$fu_¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.)_u Myiu d¡mhhp_p¡ Ap kp¥\u kpfp¡ fı[p¡ R>¡.

(2) riepAp¡_¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) â—e¡_u dp¡låb[_y‹ dpNfi]$ifi_

Ap‘hy‹ A¡ ‘Z riepAp¡_¡ d]$]$ L$fhp_p¡ A¡L$ fı[p¡ R>¡. ıhpcprhL$ fu[¡ dpNfi]$ifi_

Ap‘hp_p Ap L$pddp‹ Ap‘Zp bpmL$p¡,LyVy‹$buS>_p¡ kNpAp¡ A_¡ rdÓp¡_p¡ ‘Z

kdph¡i \B ¯ e R>¡.(3) Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _u dp¡låb[ [fa dpNfi]$ifi_

Ap‘hy‹ A¡ A¡L$kp¡ hjfi_u klul A_¡ L$byg \A¡gu Bbp]$[ kdp_ R>¡-S>¡ L$p¡B Ap

L$pd L$f¡ R>¡ [¡ A� pl_u _S>fp¡dp‹ rkÑ¡f dp¡du_p¡ L$f[p DˆQ[p ^fph¡ R>¡.

(4) Ap‘Zu b¡W$L$p¡ (dS>guk,duV$vN hN¡f¡) Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _u

ep]$\u Mpgu _ lp¡hu ¯ ¡BA¡.

(5) k¥e]$ Bå_¡ [pDk A.f. [¡d_u qL$[pb "BL$bpg’ _p cpN-1, ‘p_p

_‹.457D‘f kyfA¡ Aö _u [akufdp‹ kyfp_u R>¡� u Ape[ "h-[hp-kh-rbg-

lL$L¡$-h-[hp-kh-rbıkb°’’ _p A\fidp‹ afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$$ Ap‘Zp D‘f Bdpd¡ Tdp_p

(A.k.)_p S>¡ lL$L$p¡ R>¡,[¡¡_u ep]$u A¡L$ bu¯ _¡ ]¡$hfphhu ¯ ¡BA¡.

(26) Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _u Myiu dpV¡$ MQfi L$fhp¡.

(1) Bdpd¡ S>Aaf¡ kpq]$L$ (A.k.) afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ L$p¡B dp¡rd_ kpQp q]$g\u

A¡L$ ]$ufld Bdpd (A.k.) _u fpldp‹ MQfi L$f¡,[¡_p L$f[p h^y ‘k‹]$ L$fhp gpeL$

bu¯ ¡ L$p¡B Adg A� pl_u _S>fp¡dp‹ _\u.L$epd[_p q]$hk¡ A� pl [ApgpA¡

q]$fld_¡ kpnu b_phi¡. —epf ‘R>u Bdpd (A.k.)A¡ kyfA¡ bL$fl_u Ape_

_‹.245 _u r[gph[ L$fu.""R>¡ L$p¡B A¡hp¡ S>¡ A� pl_¡ L$T£ lk_p Ap‘¡ L¡$ S>¡\u A� pl

[¡_¡ Ak‹¿e Nˇ h^pfu Ap‘¡; A_¡ A� pl S> fp¡˘ [‹N L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ rhipm L$f¡

R>¡,A_¡ [¡_u S> [fa [dpŒ$‹ ‘pRy>‹ afhy‹ \i¡.’’ (kyfA¡ bL$fl : Ap.245) (Dkyg¡

L$pau cpN-2 ‘p_p _‹.156 l]$uk _‹.28)

(2) Bdpd ¯ af kpq]$L$ (A.k.) afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ Bdpd (A.k.) _u fpldp‹

A¡L$ ]$ufld MQfi L$fhp¡ A¡ [dpd dp¡du_p¡ dpV¡$ 20 gpM (b¡ rdrge_) ]$ufld MQfi

L$fhp bl¡[f R>¡.(Dkyg¡ L$pau,cpN-2 ‘p_p _‹.156 l]$uk _‹.28)

(3) "d_ gp elTŒ$g aL$ul’ _pd_u qL$[pbdp‹ Bdpd¡ ky.bL$fl_u Ape[

_‹.245 kd¯ h[p afdpìey‹ L$¡ : Bdpd (A.k.) _u fpldp‹ A¡L$ ]$ufld ]$k gpM

]$ufld MQfi L$fhp L$f[p bl¡[f R>¡. Ap‹ lTf[ (k.A.h) A¡ ApNm afdpìey‹ :

lS>S> dpV¡$ A¡L$ ]$ufld MQfi L$fhp¡ A¡ bu¯ L$pdp¡dp‹ ]$k gpM ]$ufld MQfi L$fhp L$f[p‹

bl¡[f R>¡. A_¡ A¡L¡$ A¡L$ ]$ufld S>¡ Bdpd (A.k.) _¡ ‘lp¢Q¡ [¡ lS> dpV¡$ MQfihpdp‹

Aph¡gp ]$k gpM ]$ufld L$f[p‹ bl¡[f R>¡. (Dkyg¡ L$pau cpN-2,‘p_p _‹.260

l]$uk _‹.31)

(4) Ape[y� pl k¥e]$ dp¡lçd]$ [L$u dykhu Bıalp_u "duL$uepgyg dL$pfud’

_pd_u qL$[pb_u apfku Aph'rÑ_p bu¯ cpN_p ‘p_p _‹.357 D‘f

gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ : Neb[_p Tdp_pdp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _u fpldp‹ MQfi L$fhp_p¡

A\fi A¡ R>¡ L¡$ A¡hp L$pdp¡dp‹ MQfi L$fhp¡ L¡$ S>¡ Bdpd (A.k.) _u Myiu,[pb¡]$pfu A_¡

dp¡låb[_y‹ L$pfZ lp¡e. (Mpk L$fu_¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) rhi¡_u qL$[pbp¡

âL$piu[ L$fhu) A\hp A¡hp L$pefi¾$dp¡_y‹ Apep¡S>_ L$fhy‹ S>¡dp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p

(A.k.) _¡ ep]$ L$fhpdp‹ Aph[p lp¡e. [dpd _¡L$ L$pdp¡dp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.)

_¡ AN°[p Ap‘hu.

k¥e]$ Bå_¡ [pDk [¡d_u qL$[pb L$iazg dp¡lS>l_p ‘p_p _‹.151/152 ‘f

[¡d_p afT‹]$_¡ hkue[ L$f[p kgpl Ap‘¡ R¡ L¡$ l‹d¡ip [dpfp L$pdp¡dp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p

(A.k.) _¡ AN°[p Ap‘p¡. [d¡ S>epf¡ _dpT¡ lpS>[ ‘X$p¡ L¡$ k]$L$p¡ Ap‘p¡ —epf¡ Bdpd¡

Tdp_p (A.k.) _u Myí_y]$u dpV¡$ A_¡ kgpd[u dpV¡$ _dpT ‘X$p¡ A_¡ [¡Ap¡

(A.k.) h[u k]$L$p¡ ‘Z Ap‘p¡. Vy‹L$dp‹ [dpfp ]$f¡L$ _¡L$ L$pdp¡dp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p

(A.k.) _¡ ep]$ L$fu_¡ [¡d_p h[u _¡L$ L$pefi L$fp¡. A¡ hp[dp‹ i‹L$p _\u L¡$ [dpfp Ap

L$pd\u [dpfp ‘f Bdpd A.k. _u Mpk _Tf¡ B_pe[ fli¡. A¡L dpZk_¡ Bdpd¡

kpq]$L$ (A.k.) _¡ ‘yR>ey‹ L¡$ : ¯ ¡ L$p¡B dpZk bu¯ L$p¡B dpZk h[u lS> b¯ hu gph¡

[p¡ [¡_p¡ b]$gp¡ iy‹ dmi¡? Bdpd¡ (A.k.) S>hpb Apàep¡ L¡$ [¡_¡ ]$k lS>S> kdp_

b]$gp¡ dmi¡. Br[lpk A¡ lL$uL$[ kpnu Ap‘¡ R>¡ L¡$ Bdpd (A.k.) ‘pk¡ S>epf¡

‘Z L$p¡B A¡ d]$]$ dpNu —epf¡ Bdpd¡ (A.k.) [¡_u A‘¡np L$f[p‹ Ap¡Ry>‹ L$epf¡e ‘Z

Apàey‹ _ l[y‹.(azŒ$A¡ L$pau,cpN -4,‘p_p _‹.312 l]$uk _‹.f)

k¥e]$ Bå_¡ [pDk_u D‘f S>Zphgu hkue[ A¡ hp[_u kprb[u Ap‘¡ R>¡ L¡$

Ap‘Z¡ Ap‘Zp [dpd _¡L$ L$pep£dp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _¡ AN°[p Ap‘hu

¯ ¡BA¡. Apd L$fhp\u Bdpd (A.k.) _u Myiu d¡mhu iL$pi¡. A¡V$gy‹ S> _lv ‘f‹[y

Ap‘Zp L$pdp¡ L$bygue[_p ]$fS>S>¡ ‘lp¡Qi¡ A_¡ dlp_ khpb dmhp_¡ ‘pÓ b_i¡.

(27) Bdpd (A.k.) _¡ q]$g\u Qplhp A_¡ L$gpd \L$u

Bdpd (A.k.) _u d]$]$ L$fhu

A¡lg¡b¥[ (A.k.) ‘f Ap‘Zu ¯ _ Ly$fbp_ \pe L¡$ S>¡Ap¡A¡ Ap‘Z_¡

S>ß [_p¡ Apkp_ fı[p¡ b[pìep¡ R>¡. Ap rhje_p ‘Z A_¡L$ ‘pkpAp¡ R>¡.

S>¡dp‹\u Ap _p_L$X$u ‘ysı[L$pdp‹ h^ydp‹ h^y ‘pkpAp¡ Aphfu g¡hp_p¡ âe—_

L$fhpdp‹ Aphi¡.

A¡lg¡b¥[ (A.k.)._p ]y$íd_p¡\u ]|$f fl¡hy‹.

(1) ‘eNçbf (k.A.h.) A¡ lTf[ AduŒ$g dp¡Ad¡_u_ (A.k.) _¡

afdpìey‹ L¡$ : ""Ae Agu, [d¡ dpfp ‘R>u [dpd dp¡du_p¡_p dp¥gp R>p¡, [dp¡ [dpd

d¿gyL$ ‘f A� pl_u lzS>S>[ R>p¡. b¡iL$ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ [dpfu rhgpe[_¡ L$byg L$fi¡ [¡Ap¡

dpV¡$ S>ß [ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ [dpfu rhgpe[_p¡ BÞL$pf L$fi¡ [¡d_p dpV¡$ S>lß d

hp˘ b R>¡.’’ (2) ""Ae Agu A¡ Tp[_u L$kd L¡$ S>¡Z¡ d_¡ ‘eNçbf b_phu_¡

dp¡L$º$ep¡ R>¡ L¡$ ¯ ¡ L$p¡B A¡L$ l¯ f hjfi kyû A� pl_u Bbp]$[ L$f¡ [p¡ ‘Z [¡_p¡ Adg

—ep‹ kyû L$byg L$fhpdp‹ _lv Aph¡ L¡$ S>ep‹ kyû [¡ [dpfu [\p [dpfp

A¡lg¡b¥[(A.k.)_u rhgpe[_p¡ sıhL$pf _ L$f¡ A_¡ [dpfp ]y$íd_p¡\u ]|$fu

B¿[¡epf _ L$f¡. Ae Agu,Ap l]$uk ˘ b°Bg dpfu ‘pk¡ hluŒ$‘¡ gpìep. lh¡ [d¡ S>¡

gp¡L$p¡_¡ ‘k‹]$ L$fp¡ [¡_¡ ıhuL$pfp¡ A_¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ _ Qpl[p lp¡ [¡_¡ ]|$f L$fp¡.(fkyg

k.A.h.)

(3) Bdpd ¯ af kpq]$L$ (A.k.) afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : S>¡ L$p¡B_¡ Adpfp iyÓyAp¡_p

Ly$ä rhi¡ A_¡ Adpfu D‘f Tyºd L$f_pfpAp¡ rhi¡ i‹L$p lp¡e [p¡ [¡hp gp¡L$p¡ ‘p¡[¡ S>

"L$pauf’ R>¡. (hkpA¡gyíiuep,cpN-18 ‘p.561)

(4) Ap rhje ‘f_u A¡L$ l]$ukdp‹ Bdpd dp¡lçd]$ bpL$uf (A.k.) [¡dp_p

riepAp¡_¡ lzL$d Ap‘[p afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : [dpfu hp˘ b _dpTp¡ ‘yfu \hp ‘R>u [dpfu

S>èpAp¡\u b_u DdŁep ‘f gp_[ L$fhp ‘l¡gp lV$ip¡ _lv (i¥M [yku L'$[

[¡lTubyg Bdpd cpN-2 ‘p.109 l]$uk _‹.109)

(5) Bdpd lk_ AıL$fu (A.k.) A¡ afdpìey‹ : Adpfp ]y$íd_p¡ ‘f gp_[

L$f_pfp gp¡L$p¡_p¡ AhpS> afuí[pAp¡ Apkdp_ ‘f gB ¯ e R>¡. —epf ‘R>u [¡

afuí[pAp¡ ‘Z Adpfp ]y$íd_p¡ ‘f gp_[ dp¡L$g¡ R>¡. ‘R>u A¡ afuí[pAp¡ A¡

dpZk_p hMpZ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ [¡_p dpV¡$ Bı[Napf L$fu_¡ [¡_p dpV$¡ A� pl_u

fld[_u ]y$Ap dp‹N¡ R>¡. afuí[pAp¡ A� pl ‘pk¡ A¡ dpZk D‘f fld[

dp¡L$ghhp_u ]y$Ap L$f[p L$l¡ R>¡. L¡$ : Ap b‹]$p A¡ [pfu lzS>S>[_u d]$]$ L$fhp dpV¡$

[¡_p\u b_[p âe—_p¡ L$epfi R>¡. ¯ ¡ [¡ Ap_p\u h^pf¡ L$p‹B L$fu iL$[p¡ lp¡e [p¡ [¡ ‘Z

L$f[. [¡ hM[¡ A� pl [Apgp afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : Ae afuí[pAp¡ ! d¢ Ap dpZk dpV¡$

[dpfu ]y$ApAp¡_¡ L$byg L$fu R>¡. dpfu _¡Ad[p¡ A_¡ fl¡d[p¡ [¡_p ‘f _pTug L$fu R>¡.

A_¡ lz‹ [¡_¡ dpfp dy—[L$u A_¡ dlp_ b‹]$pAp¡dp‹ ipdug L$fu ]$Bi.(b¡lpŒ$g A_hpf

: cpN: 50 ‘p.317)

(6) S>_pb Aby ldTp i¡dpgu Qp¡\p, ‘p‹Qdp‹ A_¡ R>Ì$p Bdpd (A.k.) _p

Tdp_pdp‹ Bdpd (A.k.) _p klpbu l[p.B.Te_yg Apb¡]$u_ (A.k.) _¡ A¡d

afdph[p kp‹cýey‹ L¡$ S>¡ L$p¡B q]$hkdp‹ A¡L$ hM["˘ å[ A_¡ [pNy[’ ‘f gp_[ L$f¡

[p¡ A� pl [Apgp [¡_p dpV¡$ 70,00,000 (rkÑ¡f gpM) _¡L$uAp¡ gM¡ R>¡. A_¡[¡_p

70,00,000 (rkÑ¡f gpM)Ny_pl dpa L$f¡ R>¡ [¡dS> [¡_p ]fS>¯ 70,00000$ NZp

h^pfu ]¡$ R>¡. ¯ ¡ [¡ fp[_p kde¡ A¡L$ hM[ gp_[ L$f ¡[p¡ ‘Z [¡_p dpV¡$ D‘f dyS>b_p¡

b]$gp¡ gMhpdp‹ Aphi¡. Aby ldTp i¡dpgu L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Bdpd¡ Te_yg Apb¡]$u_

(A.k.) _u ilp]$[ ‘R>u,d¢ Bdpd dp¡lçd]$ bpL$uf (A.k.) _u rM]$d[dp‹

D‘f_u l]$uk fSy> L$fu_¡ A¡ l]$uk_u R>ZphV$ L$fhp_u rh_‹[u L$fu. —epf¡ Bdpd

dp¡lçd]$ bpL$uf (A.k.) A¡ dpfu ‘pk¡\u Ap l]$uk kp‹cmu_¡ afdpìey‹ L¡$ : [d¡

BˆR>p¡ R>p¡ lz‹ Ap b]$gpdp‹ h^pfp¡ L$Œ‹$? [p¡ kp‹cmp¡ [d¡ L$p¡B [¡ (˘ å[ A_¡ [pNy[)_u

D‘f khpf_p kde¡ gp_[ L$fp¡ [p¡ [¡_p A¡ q]$hk_p Ny_plp¡_¡ gMhpdp‹ _lu Aph¡

A_¡ ¯ ¡ [¡ kp‹S>_p kde¡ gp_[ L$fi¡ [p¡ [¡_p fp[_p kde_p Ny_pl _p¢^hpdp‹

_lv Aph¡. Aby lçTp i¡dpgu L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ : Bdpd dp¡lçd]$ bpL$uf (A.k)_u ilp]$[

‘R>u lz‹ Bdpd ¯ af kpq]$L$ (A.k.)_u rM]$d[dp‹ fSy> \ep¡ A_¡ dpfp dpV¡$ Ap

l]$uk_y‹ rhhfZ L$fu Ap‘hp_u rh_‹[u L$fu. —epf¡ R>Ì$p Bdpd A.A¡ khpbdp‹

h^pfp¡ L$f[p afdpìey:b¡iL$ A� pl [Apgp Myb S> D]$pf R>¡. A_¡ dlp_ M|bS

dp¡V$p¡ b]$gp¡ Ap‘_pfp¡ R>¡. (i¡apA¡ ky]y$f cpN-2 ‘p.379)

D‘fp¡L$[ l]$ukdp‹\u _uQ¡ dyS>b_p AN—e_p [pfZp¡ _p¢^hp S>¡hp R>¡.

(1) dp¡V$p cpN_p riepAp¡ "˘ å[ A_¡ [pN|[’ \u ‘qfrQ[ R>¡. [\p Ap

iå]$p¡\u Ap¡mMp[u ìeqL$[Ap¡_¡ ¯ Z¡ R>¡. S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ Ap iå]$\u ‘qfrQ[ _ lp¡e

[¡Ap¡A¡ Aprgdp¡_p¡ k‹‘Lfi$ L$fhp¡ ¯ ¡BA¡.

(2) D‘f_u l]$ukdp‹ Ny_plp¡ dpa \hp_u S>¡ hp[ ]$ipfihhpdp‹ Aphu R>¡ [¡

A¡hp Ny_plp¡_u hp[ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡ c|g\u \ep lp¡e A\hp bmSbfu‘|hfiL$ L$fphhpdp‹

Apìep lp¡e. Ap‘Zpdp‹\u L$p¡BA¡ A¡d dp_u g¡hy‹ _ ¯ ¡BA¡ L¡$ "˘ å[ A_¡ [pNy[’

‘f_u gp_[ q]$hk A_¡ kp‹‹S>_p kde¡ d_aph¡ [¡hp Ny_plp¡ L$fhp_u ‘fhp_Nu

Ap‘¡ R>¡.A_¡ [¡ Ny_plp¡_u L$p¡B k¯ Ap‘hpdp‹ _lv Aph¡, [¡hy‹ ‘Z dp_u g¡hy‹ _

¯ ¡BA¡.

(3) Ap‘Zp bpmL$p¡_¡ Ap‘Z¡ A� pl A¡L$ lp¡hp rhi¡_u hp[ ([p¥lu]$)bpf

Bdpd (A.k.) A_¡ Qp¥]$ dpkydu_ (A.k.) rhi¡_u [pgud Ap‘uA¡ R>uA¡.[¡hu

S> fu[¡ Ap‘Z¡ bpmL$p¡_¡ A¡lg¡b¥[ (A.k.)_p ]y$íd_p¡\u ‘Z hpL¡$a L$fhp ¯ ¡BA¡.

A_¡ —epf¡ S> Ap‘ ‹ Bdp_ k‹‘|Zfi \i¡.

(28)‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡ (A.dy.k.) _u âi‹kpdp‹ L$gpd fQhp

(1) Bdpd¡ kpq]$L$ (A.k.) A¡ afdpìey‹ L¡$ S>¡ L$p¡B Bdpd (A.k.)_u

âi‹kpdp‹ AiApf ‘Y$¡$ [p¡ A� pl [¡_¡ S>ß [dp‹ A¡L$ Of A[p L$fi¡.

(hkpA¡gyíiuep cpN -10 ‘p.437 l]$uk 1)

(2) bu A¡ l]$ukdp‹ R>Ì$p Bdpd (A.k.) A¡ afdpìey‹ : L$p¡B‘Z dpZk

A¡ kde ky^u Bdpd_u âi‹kpdp‹ AL$u]$[ L$gpd L$lu iL$[p¡ _\u L¡$ S>ep‹ ky^u [¡_¡

([¡_pA¡ L$pefi dpV¡$) Œ$lzg Ly$]$k_u d]$]$ lp‹rkg _ \B lp¡e. (hkpA¡gyíiuep cpN-

10 ‘p_p _‹.467 l]$uk 2)

(3) Bdpd¡ f¡Tp (A.k.)A¡ afdpìey‹ L¡$ S>¡ L$p¡B Adpfu aTug[_¡ ‘p¡[p_p

L$gpd \L$u ìeL$[ L$f¡ [p¡ A� pl [¡_¡ S>ß [dp‹ A¡L$ dL$p_ A[p L$fi¡, S>¡_y‹ L$]$ Ap

]y$r_ep_p L$]$ L$f[p kp[ N ‹ dp¡Vy‹$ li¡.A� pl A_¡ [¡_p ‘eNçbfp¡_u _T]$uL$u

^fph[p [dpd afuí[pAp¡ Ap dL$p_dp‹ [¡ ipef_¡ dmhp dpV¡$ Aphi¡.

(hkpA¡gyíiuep cpN-7 ‘p_p.467 l]$uk _‹.3)

(4) Ly$d¥g Bå_¡ T¥]$g]$u L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ : lz‹ Bdpd dp¡lçd]$ bpL$uf (A.k.) _u

qM]$d[dp‹ lpS>f \ep¡. Ap‘¡ (A.) d_¡ k‹bp¡ u_¡ L$ü y‹ : Ae Ly$d¥g ¯ ¡ dpfu ‘pk¡

ApMu ]y$r_ep_p¡ M¯ _p¡ lp¡[ [p¡ [¡dp‹_p¡ dp¡V$p¡ rlıkp¡ lz‹ [d_¡ Ap‘u ]¡$[.Apd R>[p‹

lz‹ [dpfu ‘pk¡ A¡ iå]$p¡ ]$p¡lfphy‹ R>y‹,S>¡ Bdpd (A.k.) A¡ lıkp_ Bå_¡ kprb[_¡

L$ü p l[p L¡$ S>ep‹ ky^u [d¡ Adpfu aTug[dp‹ L$l¡gp AL$u]$[ L$gpd ‘Y$[p fl¡ip¡

Œ$lygLy$]y$k [d_¡ d]$]$ L$f[p fli¡. (fDTpA¡ L$pau cpN-8 ‘p 102)

Alv khpg A¡ \pe L¡$ ¯ ¡ L$p¡B ‘pk¡ AL$u]$[ L$gpd L$l¡hp_u AphX$[ L¡$ nd[p

_ lp¡e [p¡ [¡hp dpZk¡ iy‹ L$fhy‹ ¯ ¡BA¡? A¡ k‹ ¡Np¡dp‹ [¡ dpZk¡ Bdpd (A.k.) _u

ip_dp‹ Bdpd (A.k.) â—e¡_u dp¡låb[_p âr[L$Œ$‘¡ L$l¡hpA¡gp AL$u]$[ L$gpd

(L$pìep¡) A¡L$W$p L$fhp ¯ ¡BA¡.ipefp¡ A¡ hp[ kpfu fu[¡ kd˘ iL$i¡ [¡Ap¡ [¡d_p

L$gpd Œ$lzg Ly$]$„k_u d]$] \u S> fQu iL¡$ R>¡ gp¡L$p¡_p kd|l_u hˆQ¡-dyipefpdp‹

S>epf¡ ALu]$[ L$gpd_¡ ]$p]$ Ap‘hpdp‹ Aph¡ —epf¡ [¡dZ¡ A¡ d]$]$_p¡ iy¾$ A]$p L$fhp¡

¯ ¡BA¡. Ap fu[¡ iy¾$ A]$p L$fhp\u [¡ ipef_u âr[� $pdp‹ L$p¡B ^V$pX$$p¡ \[p¡ _\u.

bºL¡$ [¡_u [p¥auL$ A_¡A >$dp‹ h^pfp¡ \pe R>¡.

Ap [bLL¡$ [dpd ipef¡ A¡lg¡b¥[ (A.k.) rbfp]$fp¡_¡ rh_‹[u R>¡ L¡$ Bdpd¡

Tdp_p (A.k.) _u ip_dp‹ L$l¡hpA¡gp AL$u]$[ L$gpd_u S>¡ qL$[pbp¡ R>¡, [¡_¡ h ydp‹

h^y k‹¿epdp‹ ârkÙ L$fphu ,[¡_p¡ âQpf L$fhp_p h^ydp‹ h y âe—_p¡ L$fhp. Ap‘Z¡

A¡ hp[ kpfu fu[¡ ¯ ZuA¡ R>uA¡ L¡$ dTlb_p âQpfdp‹ A¡lg¡¡b¥[ (A.k.) _u

aTug[dp‹ AL$u]$[ L$gpd fQ_pfp ipefp¡A¡ AN—e_p¡ cpN cS>ìep¡ R>¡. [¡\u S>

[¡Ap¡ S> [¡Ap¡ gp¡L$p¡_p q]$gdp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p(A.k.) â—e¡_u dp¡låb[ ‘¥]$p L$fhp

dpV¡$ dl—h_p¡ cpN cS>hu iL¡$ R>¡. (Our duties towards imam a.s.)

(29)Bdpd (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhu

""duL$uepgyg dL$pfud au ahpA¡]$g ]y$Ap gug L$pA¡d’’ _pd_u [¡d_u

qL$[pbdp‹ Ape[y� pl k¥e]$ [L$u Bıalp_uA¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p(A.k.)dpV¡$ ]y$Ap

L$fhp_p L$pfZ¡ A_¡ [¡d_u \[p‹ ape]$pAp¡_y‹ rhN[hpf hZfi_ L$f¡g R>¡. duL$uepgyg

dL$pfud _pd_u Ap dp¡V$u qL$[pb_p b¡ cpN R>¡ S>¡dp‹ g¡ML¡$ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.)

dpV¡$ ]y$Ap ip dpV¡ L$fhu ¯ ¡BA¡? [¡ hp[_¡ Sy>]$p Sy>]$p 110 L$pfZp¡ Ap‘u_¡ fSy> L$fu R>¡.

A_¡ Bdpd (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhp S>Œ$f[ â—e¡ Ap‘Z_¡ ¯ N'[ L$epfi R>¡. [¡dS>

Bdpd (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhp\u ]y$r_ep A_¡ ApM¡f[_p 90 ape]$pAp¡_y‹ hZfi_

‘Z L$eyfl R>¡. My]$ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) A¡ afdpìey‹ R>¡ L¡$ : dpfp Tlzf dpV¡$ h^pf¡

]y$Ap L$fp¡. (L$dpgy]'u_ cpN-2,‘p.485 ‘p_p.284)

Bdpd¡ S>Aaf kpq]$L$ (A.k.) A¡L$ l]$ukdp‹ afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : S>epf¡ b_u

BıfpBg (_pd_u L$p¥d) _¡ aufAp¥__p Ty>ºd A_¡ A—epQpf\u bQhp_u A_¡

[¡d_u kdıepAp¡_p r_hpfZ_u L$p¡B Apip _ flu,—epf¡ [¡Ap¡ b^p S>‹Ngdp‹

A¡L$W$p dþep A_¡ A� pl[Apgp ‘pk¡ Œ$]$_ [\p Ap˘ ˘ > L$fu_¡ d]$]$ dpV¡$ ]y$Ap

L$fu.Ap ]y$Ap_y‹ ‘qfZpd A¡ Apìey‹ L¡$ : A� pl [ApgpA¡ ([¡ L$p¥d_¡ d]$]$Npf

b__pf) l.dykp (A.k.) _u rhgp]$[ 400 hjfi hl¡gu L$fu. Bdpd¡ (A.k.)

ApNm afdpìey‹ : dpfp¡ afT‹]$ ‘Z A¡ kde ky^u Tlzf _lv afdph¡ L¡$ S>ep‹ ky^u

(ApMfu T>dp_p_p) riepAp¡ [¡d_p dpV¡$ ]y$Ap _lv L$f¡.

(30)Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV$¡ ]y$Ap L$fhp_p L¡$V$gpL$ ape]$pAp¡.

(1) ]y$Ap L$f_pf [¡_p L$pep£_p rlkpb hNf S>ß [dp‹ âh¡i d¡mhi¡.

(2) [¡_¡ L$epd[_p q]$hk_u àepk\u fnZ dmi¡.

(3) [¡ A� pl kyålp_lz h [Apgp dpV¡$ NhfiŒ$‘ b_i¡.

(4) [¡ A� pl_p NTb\u kyfrn[ fl¡i¡.

(5) afuí[pAp¡ [¡_p dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fi¡.

(6) [¡_p dpV¡$ ‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡ (A.k.) ]y$Ap L$fi¡.

(7) Bdpd A. dpV¡$ [¡_u ]y$Ap L$fhp_p L$pfZ¡ $ [¡_u ‘p¡[p_u ]y$ApAp¡ L$byg \i¡.

(8) [¡ dpZk dpV¡$ Bdpd Tdp_p (A.k.) Mpk ]y$Ap L$fi¡.

(9) A� pl kyålp_lz h [Apgp [¡_p Bdp__¡ "k‹‘|Zfi Bdp_’ NZi¡.

(10) [¡_u NZÓu dlp_ ilu]$p¡dp‹ \i¡.

(11) [¡ ‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡ (A.k.) _u iapA[ d¡mh_pf b_i¡.

(12) [¡ Bdpd (A.k.) _p kp\u]$pfp¡_p kd|ldp‹ ipdug \i¡.

(13) [¡_¡ ‘eN‹bf (k.A.h.) _u kp\¡ flu_¡ Lf$hpdp‹ Aph[u S>¡lp]$dp‹

ilu]$ \_pf S>¡V$gp¡ b]$gp¡ (khpb) dmi¡.

(14) ]y$Ap L$fhp_u kp\¡ Bdpd A.k. â—e¡_u dp¡låb[dp‹ h^pfp¡ \i¡.

(15) [¡_u Apeyó e gp‹bu \i¡.

(16) [¡_p Ny_plp¡ _¡L$udp‹ b]$gpB S>i¡.

(17) [¡ ]y$r_ep_u A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_p _yL$ip_ (Mfpbu)\u bQu iL$i¡.

(18) [¡ ApMfu Tdp_p_p c°ô $pQpf\u bQu_¡ fl¡i¡.

(19) Ap ]y$r_ep_u dyíL¡$guAp¡\u [¡ kyfrn[ fl¡i¡.

(20) [¡_u fp¡Tudp‹ h^pfp¡ \i¡.

(21) ¯ ¡ [¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _u lzLy$d[ ‘l¡gp dy—ey ‘pdi¡ [p¡ [¡_¡

(Bdpd A.k._u lzLy$d[ ]$fçep_) h[p¡ L$fhpdp‹ Aphi¡.

(22) [¡_¡ ¯ N'[ L¡$ kyhp_u lpg[dp‹ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) _u dygpL$p[ _p¡ dp¥L$p¡

([L$) dmi¡.

(23) [¡_p Nyy_plp¡_¡ bnu ]¡$hpdp‹ Aphi¡.

(24) [¡ rlkpb_p q]$hk¡ (L$epd[dp‹) dp¡du_p¡_u iapA[ L$fu iL$i¡.

(25) Ap ]y$r_epdp‹ [¡_¡ ‘p¡[p_p dp-bp‘ kp\¡ _¡L$ h[fi_ L$fhp_p¡ b]$gp¡ dmi¡.

ìlpgp cpBAp¡,Alv Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhp_p aL$[

AdyL$ ape]$pAp¡ S> fSy> L$fhpdp‹ Apìep R>¡. Aphp A_¡L$ ape]$pAp¡_y‹ hZfi_ L$fhpdp‹

Apìey‹ R>¡. Ap b^p ape]$pAp¡_¡ Ly$fAp__u Ape[p¡ A_¡ ‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡ (A.k.)_u

l]$ukp¡_y‹ kd\fi_ dm¡gy‹ R>¡. lL$uL$[dp‹ Ap‘ ‹ k]„$ _kub R>¡ L¡$ dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhp_u

[p¥auL$ dmhp A_¡ [¡dp‹ h^pfp¡ \hp dpV¡$ r_� $p‘|hfiL$ ]y$Ap L$fhu ¯ ¡BA¡. [dpd

gp¡L$p¡_¡ Ap [p¥auL$ dm[u _\u. Qpgp¡, Ap‘Z¡ A� pl kyålp_lz h [Apgp ‘pk¡

dpAkyd Bdpdp¡ (A.) _¡ hkugp¡ b_phu_¡ ]y$Ap L$fuA¡ L¡$ [¡ Ap‘Z_¡ Bdpd¡

Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fhp_u [p¥auL$ A[p L$f¡. (Apdu_) lh¡ khpg A¡ \pe

L¡$ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$B fu[¡ L$fhu? Agb[,Ap‘Zp ‘p¡[p_p

iå]$p¡dp‹ ‘Z Bdpd (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]y$Ap L$fu

iL$uA¡ R>uA¡. A\hp [p¡ b¡l[f A¡ R>¡ L¡$ ‘rhÓ Bdpdp¡ (A.k.) dpV¡$ k|Qh¡gu

]y$ApAp¡ L$fuA¡. Alv Bdpdp¡ (A.k.) _u L¡$V$guL$ ]y$ApAp¡_p _pd A_¡ [¡_u

âp\rdL$ rhN[ âı[y[ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡. Ad¡ Apip fpMuA¡ R>uA¡ L¡$ Ap ]y$ApAp¡

‘X$hp\u ]y$ApAp¡_p¡ ape]$p¡ dmu iL$i¡. Ap D‘fp‹[ Ap ]y$ApAp¡ \L$u Œ$lp¡_¡ [pS>Nu

dmi¡. [¡dS> Bdpd (A.k.) _p hl¡gp Tlzf \hp dpV¡$ hpf‹hpf ]y$Ap L$fhp_p¡

D—kpl ¯ Ni¡.(Our duties towards Imam a.s.)

(31) Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV$¡ L ¡$V$guL$ ]y$ApAp¡.

(1) ]y$ApA¡ afS> A� plzçd Ly$� ¡ hguŁe¡L$.......... Ap ]y$Ap ]$ffp¡S>_u hp˘ b

_dpT_u Ly$_y[dp‹ ‘X$hu dyı[lb R>¡. i¥MAåbpk¡ Ly$çdu "dy_[lueyg AAdpg’

_pd_u qL$[pbdp‹ gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ : Óu ib¡ L$]$f A¡V$g¡ L¡$ 23 du dpl¡. dybpfL¡$ fdTp__u

fp[¡ A� pl_u lç]$ A_¡ ‘rhÓ Bdpd ‘f kghp[ dp¡L$ºep bp]$ Ap ]y$Ap

A� pllzçd Ly$� ¡ hguŁe¡L$....‘X$hp_y‹ QyL$hy‹ _ ¯ ¡BA¡. lL$uL$[dp‹ lpg[p‹-Qpg[p‹

k|[p‹-b¡k[p‹,ld¡ip Ap ]y$Ap ]$f¡L¡$ ‘X$hu A—e‹[ S>Œ$fu R>¡.

(2) ]y$ApA¡ NfuL$ : Bdpd¡ kpq]$L$ (A.k.) A¡ S>epf¡ Tp¡fpfl _pd_p

klpbu_¡ Bdp__p A‹r[d kde_u rhN[p¡ kd¯ hu —epf¡ Tp¡fpfl¡ Bdpd A._¡

‘yR>ey‹ L¡$ : ¯ ¡ L$p¡B_p ˘ h__p¡ A‹r[d kde lp¡e [p¡ [¡ lpg[dp‹ [¡Z¡ ‘p¡[p_y‹ Bdp_

L¡$hu fu[¡kgpd[ fpMhy‹ ¯ ¡BA¡ ? Bdpd¡ afdpìey‹ L¡$ : [¡Z¡ ‘p¡[p_u ˘ ‹]$Nudp‹

""]y$ApA¡ - NfuL$’’ k[[-A_¡ Ahpf_hpf ‘X$[p fl¡hu ¯ ¡BA¡. A¡ ]y$Ap Ap

âdpZ¡ R>¡. ]$yApA¡A¡ NfuL$ : ep A� plp¡ ep fldp_p¡ ep flud. ep dp¡L$� ¡bg L$p¡gyb.

kåbu[ L$ºbu Agp ]$u_¡L$. (dy_[rleyg AAdpg)

(3) ]y$ApA¡ Al]$ : Bdpd S>Aaf¡ kpq]$L$ (A.k.) afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ ¯ ¡ L$p¡B 40

r]$hk kyû _dpT¡ kyål ‘R>u Ap ]y$ApA¡ Al]$- ‘X¡$ [p¡ [¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.)

_u lzLy$d[_p Tdp_p kyû Ahíe ‘lp¢Qi¡. A_¡ L$]$pQ ¯ ¡ [¡ ‘l¡gp [¡_p¡ BÞ[¡L$pg

\B S>i¡ [p¡ Tlzf_p kde¡ Bdpd (A.k.) [¡_¡ L$b°dp‹\u Dcp¡ L$fi¡. Ap D‘fp‹[

Ap ]y$Ap_p ]$f¡L$ iå]$_p b]$gpdp‹ A� pl kyålp_lz h [Apgp ]y$Ap ‘X$_pf dpV¡$

1000 _¡L$uAp¡ gM¡ R>¡. A_¡ 1000 Ny_plp¡ dpa L$f¡ R>¡. (b¡lpŒ$g AÞhpf cpN -

102, ‘p.111)

Aphp¡,ApS>\u S> Ap‘Z¡ b^p kp\¡ dmu_¡ A¡ hp[_p¡ r_Zfie L$fuA¡ L¡$

]$ffp¡S> khpf¡ kyål_u _dpT bp]$ Ap ]y$Ap ‘X$uiy‹. Ap ]y$Ap ‘X$hpdp‹ ]$k rdr_V$

L$f[p‹ h^pf¡ kde gpN[p¡ _\u. Ap D‘fp‹[ _dpT¡ S>dpA[ \[u lp¡e [¡hu

dı ]$p¡dp‹ Ap ]y$Ap_u r[gph[ kpd|rlL$ fu[¡ L$fphhp_p âe—_p¡ L$fhp ¯ ¡BA¡.

(4) ]y$ApA¡ _y]$bl : ]$f iy¾$hpf¡ Ap ]y$Ap ‘X$hp_u Bdpd S>Aaf kpq]$L$

(A.k.) A¡ [pL$u]$ afdphu R>¡. _y]$bl iå]$_p¡ A\fi \pe R>¡¡ fX$hy‹.Sy>çAp_p¡ q]$hk

Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.)_p q]$hk¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.)_¡ Qpl_pfpAp¡ [¡d_p

ApL$p - Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.)_¡ ]y$ApA¡ _y]$bl \L$u k‹bp¡^_ L$fu bp¡gph¡ R>¡. Ap

]y$Ap_p iå]$p¡ ø]$e_¡ ı‘iw ¯ e [¡hp R>¡. â—en A_ych ]y$Ap_u r[gph[ (L$fu

[¡_p A_yhp]$ [fa Ýep_ Apàep ‘R>u S> \pe R>¡.)

(5) ]y$Ap ]$f N¥b[¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) : i¥M Aåbpk¡ Ly$çduA¡ Ap

]y$Ap_¡ Bdpd (A.k.) _p Mpk _pA¡bp¡_p lhpgp\u _p¢û R>¡. [¡Ap¡ afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ :

¯ ¡ [d_¡ Sy>çAp_p q]$hk¡ L$p¡B _¡L$ L$pd L$fhp_u [L$ _ dm¡ [p¡ Ap ]y$Ap_u r[gph[

[p¡ S>Œ$f L$f¯ ¡. Ap ]y$Ap dapr[lzg ˘ _p_ _pd_u qL$[pbdp‹ R>¡. S>¡_u iŒ$Ap[_p

iå]$p¡ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡. :A� plzçd Affua_u _akL$.....

(6) rTepf[¡ Apg¡ epku_ : Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) afdph¡ R>¡ L¡$ : S>epf¡

[d¡ bp¡ghhp Qplp¡ —epf¡ Ap rTepf[ ‘X$u_¡ d_¡ bp¡gphp¡. Ap ]y$Ap ‘Z dapr[lzg

˘ _p_dp‹ rTepf[_p rhcpNdp‹ kf]$pb_u rTepf[ _p d\pmp l¡W$m Ap‘hpdp‹

Aphu R>¡. S>¡_u iŒ$Ap[_p iå]$p¡ Ap âdpZ¡ R>¡..... kgpdy_ Agp Apg¡ epku_.

(7) Aby Tfb Bıalp_u_u kghp[ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) A¡ Ap

kghp[ ]$f Sy>çAp_u Aıf_u _dpT ‘R>u ‘X$hp_u cgpdZ L$fu R>¡. Bdpd¡ Tdp_p

(A.k.) A¡ ‘p¡[¡ Ap kghp[ Aby Tfb_¡ [prgd afdphu l[u. dapr[lzg

˘ _p_dp‹ Sy>çAp_p q]$hk¡ ‘X$hp_u rTepf[_p âL$fZdp‹ Ap‘hpdp‹ Aphu R>¡.

(8) Sy>çAp_p q]$hk¡ ‘X$hp_u Bdpd¡ Aıf_u rTepf[ : Ap rTepf[ ‘Z

dapr[lzg ˘ _p_dp‹ Ap‘hpdp‹ Aphu R>¡.A_¡ ]yApA¡ _y]$bp_u qL$[pb_p ‘pR>m_p

‘¡S> ‘f Ap‘¡g R>¡.

(9)Bdpd¡ fTp (A.k.) A¡ Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV¡$ afdph¡gu ]y$Ap:

Bdpd¡ fTp (A.k.) ‘Z Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) dpV¡$ ]$f Sy>çAp_p ]y$Ap L$f[p l[p.

Ap ]y$Ap dapr[lzg ˘ _p_dp‹ ]y$ApA¡ Al]$ ‘R>u Ap‘hpdp‹ A� plzçd A]$a¡l A_

hguŁe¡L$.....

(10) ]y$ApA¡ A� plzçd Aıg¡l...... Bdpd fTp (A.k.)A¡ A� plzçd

Aıg¡l.....iå]$p¡\u iŒ$ \[u ]y$Ap _dpT¡ Aıf_u Ly$_y[dp‹ ‘X$hp_u [pL$u]$

afdphu R>¡.

(11)]y$ApA¡ Bgplu ATp¡dg bgp..... L$aAdu L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap ]y$Ap A¡L$ L¥$]$u_¡

Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) A¡ [pgud L$fu l[u. Ap ]y$Ap ‘X$hp ‘R>u [¡ L$¥]$u_¡ Ry>V$L$pfp¡

dm¡g l[p¡.Qpgp¡, Ap‘Z¡ ‘Z ""N¥b[_p Tdp_pdp‹\u dyqL$[’’d¡mhhp dpV¡$ Ap

]y$Ap r_erd[ ‘X$uA¡. Ap ]y$Ap dapr[lzg ˘ _p_dp‹ Ap‘hpdp‹ Aph¡gu R>¡.S>¡_p

iŒ$Ap[_p iå]$p¡ Bgplu ATp¡dg bgp..... R>¡.

(12)AºgplzçdTfiyL$_p [p¥auL$[[p’A.........."duıbpl’ _pd_u qL$[pbdp‹

L$aAdu gM¡ R>¡ L¡$ : Bdpd¡ Tdp_p (A.k.) [fa\u [pgud L$fhpdp‹ Aph¡gu Ap

]y$Ap Ap‘Z¡ hpf‹hpf ‘X$hu ¯ ¡BA¡. dapr[lzg ˘ _p_dp‹ "Bgplu’ ATp¡dg

bgp....’ ]y$Ap ‘R>u Ap Ap‘hpdp‹ Aph¡gu R>¡. S>¡_p iŒ$Ap[_p iå]$p¡."A� plzçdf

TyL$_p [p¥auL$[ [pA......’ R>¡. D‘fp‹[ Ap ]y$Ap duL$epgyg dL$pfud kpfp‹i

(NyS>.)dp‹ ‘pR>m_p‹ ‘¡S> D‘f Ap‘hpdp‹ Aphu R>¡.

(13)kgpdy� pl¡ L$prdgyÑApd..........dapr[lzg ˘ _p_dp‹ A� plzçdTfiyL$_p

[p¥auL$[ [pA A¡ ]y$Ap ‘R>u Ap‘hpdp‹ Aph¡gu A_¡ kgpdy� pl¡

L$prdgyÑApd..........A¡ iå]$p¡\u iŒ$ \pe R>¡.]y$ApA¡ _y]bp_u L$u[pb _u ‘pR>m

_p ‘¡S>dp‹ Ap‘¡g R>¡.

_T>d

Ab [p¡ Neb[L$p ‘f]$p lV$p ]$u˘ A¡

Ab [p¡ S>ºhp _buL$p ]$uMp ]$u˘ A¡,

Ab [p¡ ]$u]$pf A‘_p L$fp ]$u˘ A¡,

ApBA¡ ApBA¡, hL$[¡ Bd]$p]$ l¥,

Ap‘k¡ ld aL$ufp¡L$u aqfep]$ l¥,

ld Nfubp¡L$p¡ Ab Apkfp ]$u˘ A¡,

ep Bdpd¡ Tdp‹, ep Bdpd¡ Tdp‹...

lL$ Ry>‘p_¡ ‘¡ ¯ ¡ cu fTp d‹]$ le,

]y$íd_¡ ap[¡dp L¡$ ¯ ¡ ld]$]fi$ le,

DÞL$u _ıgp¡L$p¡ dp¥gp duV$p ]$u˘ A¡,


Ap‘ hpfuk l¥ i¡lL¡$ ATp]$pf cu,

Ap¥f ATp]$pf i¡lL¡$ d]$]$Npf cu,

]y$íd_p_¡ ATp L$p¡ k¯ ]$u˘ A¡,


]y$íd_p_¡ Agu kf DW$p_¡ gN¡,

auf ATp]$pf¡ i¡lL$p¡ k[p_¡ gN¡,

D_ ‘¡ idiuf¡ l¥]$f Qgp ]$u A¡,


ep Bdpd¡ Tdp‹, ep Bdpd¡ Tdp‹,



kpfu ]y$r_ep L¡$ lpS>[ fhp Ap‘ l¥,

duıg l¥]$f L¡$ dyíL$ug Ly$ip Ap‘ l¥,

kbL$u buNX$u L$p¡ dp¥gp b_p ]$u˘ A¡,


by`T¡ l¥]$f d¡ fp¡i_ l¥ ˘ [_¡ rQfpN,

bpV$[¡ le ¯ ¡ Of Of A]$ph[L$u ApN,

D_ rQfpNp¡ L$p¡ Ap L¡$ byTp ]$u˘ A¡,


dıgl[ Nf ld¡ ApTdp_¡ d¡ lp¡,

Ap‘L$p¡ ]¥$f dp¥gp ¯ ¡ Ap_¡ d¡ lp¡,

¿hpb d¡ A‘_u kyf[ ]$uMp ]$u A¡,


le "afu]$’ Ap‘L¡ OfL$p A]$_p aL$uf,

Ap‘ Qpl¡ [p¡ ‘gcf d¡ L$f ]¡$ Aduf,

DıL$u L$uıd[L$p¡ cu S>Np ]$u˘ A¡,


_T>d

Ap¥f b¡L fpf lp¡ Ne¡, q]$gL$p¡ S>b L$fpf Ap Nep,

Ap‹M b‹^ L$u [p¡ e¡ gNp, ¯ _¡ BÞ[¡Tpf Ap Nep.

Dk OX$uL$p¡ ep]$ L$fL¡$ ld, dyÞ[Tuf fl¡ S>_d S>_d,

Ap‘_¡ L$lp \p Ape¡N¢, ldL$p¡ A¡[bpf Ap Nep.

azg Mug Ne¡ Qd_ Qd_, ipM ipM b_ NB ]y$ºl_,

Ab MuTp lzB l¥ b¡ h[_, lp‹kug¡ blpf Ap Nep.

kf ‘¡ [pS> l¥ N]$uf L$p, Tbfi Tbfi M¥bfu A]$p,

A¡L$ _ep _ep kp dy[fiTp, g¡ L¡$ TyºauL$pf Ap Nep.

]¡$ML$f S>]$u]$ Aıgl¡, Ap‘ ey lu dyıLy$fp ‘X¡$,

S>¥k¡ lzfdgp L¡$ Œ$bŒ$, L$p¡B rif¿hpf Ap Nep.

g¡ flp l¥ AguL$p d¡lTbu, BÞ[¡L$pd¡ My_¡ ipl¡]$u,

My]$ fkyg _¡ ]y$ApA¡ ]$u, ap[¡dp L$p¡ àepf Ap Nep.

lL$ L$p¡ kfbg‹]$ L$f q]$ep, Ap‘ L¡$ A¡L$ Nygpd _¡,

fyí]$uep¡ L$p lpg ]¡$ML$f, ¾y$a L$p¡ byMpf Ap Nep.

BÞ[¡L$pd¡ il¡ Aåfpf Acu bpL$u l¥....

A¡L$ dQg[u lzB [ghpf Acu bpL$u l¡....

dflb¡ Aıf L$p¡ dpgyd _lv l¥ ipe]$,

ApMfu l¥]$f¡ L$fpfif Acu bpL$u l¥,

S>‹N AåbpkL$u lp¡_u l¥ biL$g¡ L$pA¡d,

dyº[hu S>‹N¡ Agd]$pf Acu bpL$u l¥.

I];]O [ hC[ZF .DFD[ DCNL sVP;Pf EFU o Z - s3-eu-west-1 ... · bpmL$_¡ cf‘yf àepf L$f¡ R>¡...

Documents

Transcript of I];]O [ hC[ZF .DFD[ DCNL sVP;Pf EFU o Z - s3-eu-west-1 ... · bpmL$_¡ cf‘yf àepf L$f¡ R>¡...