IELTS Task 1 Tips (P2)

7/25/2019 IELTS Task 1 Tips (P2)

1/42

]ert Jl`1 Jpnlnjls

nltj el `x`rgns`.

@x`rgns`

Ijjk et jur cjjtbeii giubs elsw`r jl` fjr` tnf`. Nt ns ljw perehrepo`d eld cjrfeiiy

wrntt`l, but woet ns wrjlh wnto to` iest perehrepo: Dj w` gjlgiud` nl Tesk Jl`:

tons cnlei s`lt`lg` b`tt`r:


2/42


3/42

Nl to` cnrst s`lt`lg` to` wjrd

tjj

hnv`s e l`hetnv` jpnlnjl

tj

to` s`lt`lg`. Es cjr to` s`gjld

p`roeps tè wongo oes to` ijw`st p`rg`lteh` gjuid b` fjr` nfpjrtelt cjr g`rtenl rèsjls. Nl to`

l`xt twj s`lt`lg`s p`roeps to` stetnjl eld gnty g`ltr` er` v`ry bnh eld sj l`v`r grjwd`d eld

sj jl. B`tt`r s`lt`lg`s wongo er`

d`cnlntìy

tru` cegtuei eld gjrr`gt er 1

5 To` prjcnt cjr Ljbi` ]erk ns

rìetnvìy

ijw.

2. Hjid ns to` bnhh`st `xpjrt.

7. To` stetnjl ns busn`st nl to` fjrlnlh.

4. To` gnty g`ltr` ns to` fjst d`lsìy pjpuiet`d erè.

0.

Ijgei hjv`rlf`lt jpt`d

tj

ljt d`vìjp to` w`st.

3. F`l gjlstntut` to` feajrnty jc to` `fpijy``s

nl

to` gjfpely.

8.

^julh p`jpi` sojw`d gjlsnd`rebiy fjr` nlt`r`st

nl

to` gnl`fe.

?. To`

`lvnrjlf`lteiiy crn`ldiy

sjier `l`rhy wnii b`gjf` to` fenlstrèf.*

>. Gjlgjrdelt wnto to` fet`rneinstng `tojs fjst p`jpi` gojjs` fjl`y.

5=.

l

k``pnlh wnto e oèito-gjlsgnjus eh` hyfs er` fjr` vnsnt`d.

* W`` eisj Tnp 8 Nlgiud` e Cjr`st-Sn`w Rèi Xjrid: wo`r` nt ns

`xpienl`d toet s`lt`lg`s eld ljuls gel b` fjdncn`d wnto edv`rbnei

jr eda`gtnvei pores`s tous

d`sgrn nlh

wonist ljt `xpienlnlh geus` eld

`cc`gt.

Curto`rfjr` b`geus` Tesk Jl` ns ljt el `ssey snlg` nt ns cegtuei eld d`sgrnptnv`

w`

dj

ljt

gjlgiu

d`. Fely bjjks eld tègo`rs fey sey to` jppjsnt` but to`y sey toet wntojut gjlsnd`rnlh

to` letur` jcTesk Jl`. O`r` er` eljto`r twj rèsjls woy yju sojuid ljt gjlgiud`.

5. Gjlgiusnjls jct`l ièd stud`lts tj wrnt` fèlnlhi`ss s`lt`lg`s, sugo es

nl

@x`rgns` 4,

]ert B, jr nrrì`velt `ssey-styi` eddntnjls, sugo es1

2 . e .

b.

Tj gjlgiud` eitojuho Deld`ljlh

ns

hjjd nt l``ds tj wjrk oerd`r tj fenltenl

toet sugg`ss woni` to` jto`r giubs sojuid s`` ojw to`y gel nfprjv`.

Nc stud`lts oev` eirèdy hnv`l

el

'jv`rvn`w' èrin`r

nl

to` elsw`r, wrntnlh

j

gjl

giud`, ... ' et to` `ld jct`l ièds to`f tj r`pètnlh tons. Tons ns e v`ry gjffjl

prjbi`f eld gel r`suit

nl el

N@ITW Cnv` cjr Gjo`r`lg` Gjo`snjl ('iegk jc jv`reii

prjhr`ssnjl' eld 'fey

b`

r`p`tntnv`').

Nc stud`lts oev`

jt

eirèdy wrntt`l tons 'jv`rvn`w', to`l wrntnlh, 'Tj gjlgiud`,

[Jv`rvn`wV' et to` `ld ns l`g`ssery, but nt ns et to` `ld. Es Tnp

?,

@x`rgns` 57 wnii

sojw, ièvnlh to` jv`rvn`w cjr to` `ld jc yjur elsw`r ns delh`rjus.


4/42

Wnfnier tj nl gjlgiusnjl , @x`rgns` 4, ]ert G sojws jto`r Tesk Twj cjrfs jc ielhueh` wongo

dj ljt bìjlh nl Tesk

Jl`. Xjrds sugo es fjr`jv`r eld curto`rfjr` er` ljrfeiiy us`d cjr

ajnlnlh erhuf`ltetnv`

ndès

ljt to` feto`fetngei cegts nl Tesk Jl`s. To` pores` jl to` jto`r

oeld ns spjk`l @lhinso, gjltrestnlh sugo ndès, woni` cnrst

jc

eii eld s`gjldiy es us`d nl tons

`xefpi` er` cjr piegnlh tojs` ndès nl jrd`r. Eld sj jl eld cjr `xefpi` er` `ssey ielhueh`,

eld N bìn`v` ,

N

tonlk , eld

nl

fy jpnlnjl eii suhh`st el jpnlnjl eld sojuid ljt b` us`d.

B`geus` (jc) sojuid eiweys b` evjnd`d.

]ert

Twj

eturei Règtnjls

Tons ièds tj to` nssu` jc leturei règtnjls . Wjf` Tesk Jl`s gjlg`rl gjlg`pts (sugo es

ebs`lt``nsf jr sojppnlh), ijgetnjls (sugo es reniwey stetnjls jr lef`d gjultrn`s), jr jba`gts

(sugo es sgojjibjjks) ebjut wongo w` fey oev` sjf` rèi-wjrid kljwi`dh` eld ewer`l`s

s

Tons fey fek` yju welt tj hnv` sjf` tojuhots, c`ìnlhs, jr nfpr`ssnjls ebjut to` nlcjrfetnjl N

nl to` tesk. Cjr `xefpi`, nc e dèto ret` nlgrès`s, gel w` edd to` edv`rb sediy

tj

el elsw`r:

To` pubing v`rsnjl jc to` N@ITW d`sgrnptjrs seys toet yju er` r`werd`d eggjrdnlh

tj

yjur wjrd

relh`, ci`xnbninty, eld styi`. Xrntnlh djwl epprjprnet` règtnjls gel edd tj tons. To` d`sgrnptjrs

pulnso yju cjr to` nlepprjprnet` cjrfet eld nrrì`velt d`teni , but N@ITW `xefnl`rs er` ljt

N@ITW

rjbjts

jr N@ITW

pjing`.

c sjf`tonlh s sed tj `v`ryjl` jr gel v`ry letureiiy nlvnt` e

r`spjls` jr `xtre nlcjrfetnjl, eld jur wjrds er` rèsjlebi`, nltìinh`lt, eld wìi-wrntt`l, to`l

to`y gel b` gjlsnd`r`d snfpiy pert jc e cuii`r d`sgrnptnjl.

Wj, leturei règtnjls gel nlgrès` jur I`xngei R`sjurg` sgjr`, eld ljt ecc`gt to` jto`r get`hjrn`

s

But, nc yju dj nltrjdug` leturei règtnjls, dj nt

5 wnto ojl`sty;

2

wnto geutnjl eld l yjur jwl vjng`;

7

jliy e intti`.

Rui` 5 wnii oìp fek` sur` toet to` cètur` ns nl cegt, surprnsnlh jr nlt`r`stnlh jr nlvnt`s

sp`guietnjl. Rui` 2 fèls toet yju sojuid ljt wrnt` leturei règtnjls

es

cegts. Cjr `xefpi`, dj

ljt wrnt`1

To` prjcnt prjcni` cjr Ljbi` ]erk ns ljt hjjd d`grèsnlh crjf ...

Nlstèd, fek` sur` nt ns nl yjur jwl vjng`, eld tons ns jct`l djl` by usnlh edv`rbs.

To` prjcnt prjcni` cjr Ljbi` ]erk

ns

surìy ljt hjjd d`grèsnlh crjf ...

Tons fek`s nt gièr toet yju er`

ljt

fnsrèdnlh to` nt`f, but nlstèd règtnlh nltìinh`ltiy

(wongo ns ljt to` sef` es hnvnlh jpnlnjl). Rui` 7 wnii fek` sur` toet yjur Tesk Egon`v`f`lt

@

=

u


5/42

sgjr`

ns

ljt ecc`gt`d. Wj cjiijwnlh to`s` rui`s s`lt`lg`s sugo es nl to` cjiijwnlh `x`rgns` er`

pjssnbi`.

@x`rgns`

]ut to` wjrds eld pores`s jl to` rnhot nltj to` s`lt`lg`s jl to` i`ct.

5

Règtnjls Psnlh dv`rbs

, p`jpi` w`r` k``l jl to` gnl`fes, sojwl

E

Gjnlgnd`lteiiy

by to` onho eld rnsnlh ...

2

, eii tor`` prjcni`s grjss et tons pjnlt.

B nrjlngeiiy

7

, to` lufb`r

jc

tjurnsts crjf Aepel sojws

g

eljfeijusiy

lj vernetnjl et eii.

4

Ljbi` ]erk b`hnls, sjf`woet , et to` onho-

D

sediy

N

ulcjrtuletìy

`st pjnlt [but ceiis tj to` ijw`stV.

0

Hjid ns to` onho`st, eld

`xpjrt.

fjst nfpjrtelt,

@

Epper`ltiy

3

To` dèto ret` ,

, rns`s gjlsnst`ltiy nl tons

C

Nlt`r`stnlhiy

pert

jc

to` wjrid.

8

To` prng` cjr gonidr`l s bjjks, sjf`woet

H

surprnsnlhiy

r`fenls i`vì [woni` eii to` jto`rs rns`V.

Wjf`woet

, to` prjcnt piuff`ts nl 2==?

pr`sufebiy

O

[ect`r rnsnlh stèdniyV.

2 Règtnjls Psnlh da`gtnv`s

To` lufb`r jc vnsntjrs sojws e nlgrès`.

r E

usuei

N

Ert heii`rn`s sojw to` ijw ett`ldelg`

eierfnlh N wjrrynlh

B

cnhur`s.

7

Ojw`v`r,

hrjwto ns nl fjl`tery sp`ldnlh.

g

oèitoy

4

Tons inl` ns

cjr nts stèdy hrjwto.

D

ulnlspnrnlh

To`l, to`r` ns qunt` e(l)

rns` [nl urbel

djubti`ssiy

0

@

grnf`V .

dnseppjnltnlh

3

Ect`r el

stert, to` prjcnt rns`s gjlsnd`rebiy.

C

to` fjst nfpr`ssnv`


6/42

8

... sojwnlh el

hrjwto gjlsnd`rnlh to`

ijlh tnf`

p

rnjd nlvjiv`d).

?

... ièdnlh tj e ijw eld

cnlnso jc cnv` [nl

elluei prjcntV.

7

Règtnjls Psnlh Rèi Xjrid Kljwi`dh`

2

7

4

0

3

8

?

To` tjwl sojws e reto`r

trelsntnjl.

F`l,

, dj gjlsnd`rebi` efjults jc

sojppnlh.

To` prng`,

, r`fenls gjlstelt.

, to` inc` `xp`gtelgy

nl

@urjp` ns cer onho`r

[toel EcrngeV .

, Aepel sp`lds cer fjr` jl `dugetnjl

[toel Nldjl`sneV.

To`

PWE cevjurs gjiiebjretnv`* gjffuln-

getnjl styi`s.

Onho`r giess snz`s jggur

nl

Aepel.

To` prjcnt nlgrès`s

4

Règtnjls Psnlh H`jhrepong Rèi Xjrid Kljwi`dh`

H

ulprjfnsnlh

O

r`ferkebi`

l

d`cnelg` jc

E

nlcietnjlery tr`lds

B

Ljt surprnsnlhiy N

Plsurprnsnlhiy

g

typngei N pr`dngtebi`

D

to` fjr` guitureiiy

dnv`rs`

gjltrery

tj

st`r`j-

@

typngei essufp-

tnjls

C

]r`dngtebiy N Es

`xp`gt`d

nl e f ll`r wongo

H

wjuid pi` s` ly

stekòjid`r

O

d`lsìy pjpuiet`d

Fely N@ITW Tesk Jl`s nlvjiv` gjultrn`s j to` wjrid, eiijwnlh sjf` h`jhrepong rèi-

wjrid kljwi`dh`

tj

b` nltrjdug`d

s

edv`rbnei jr eda`gtnvei fjdncn`rs, pertnguieriy wo`l

hrjupnlh gjultrn`s tjh`to`r jr pereporesnlh to`nr lef`s.

Fjvnlh jltj , ... [EcrngeV

E

twj Esnel letnjls

to` h`jhr pong iiy

2

Es cjr nts , ... [@urjp`V

B

s`peret`

To`s` ièd to` cnìd. [Aepel eld Wjuto

hnv`l to` `xt`lt

7

g

jc to` gjestinl`

KjrèV

eveniebi`

@

=

g

,

-

9


7/42

4

..

. y`t

`rfely soer`s snfnier

wjrknlh

D

ljrto rl l`nhobjur

tnf`s.

0

Tons

sojws intti` prjhr`ss. [F`xngjV

@

guitureiiy eld

h`j

hrepongeiiy dnstelt

To`

djfnlet`s tjurnst r`v`lu`. [gjestei

tons sjuto`rl

3

C

L`w Wjuto Xei`s eld Uu``lsieldV

gjltnl`lt

ljrto-èst`rl

8

Cnsonlh ns

surprnsnlh

ijw,

[nl EustreineV .

H

sèbjerd

?

To`s` twj

gjultrn`s l`v`rtoì`ss oev`

g`ltrei Ef`rngel

O

snfnierntn`s. [Crelg` eld GonleV

letnjl

Ljt`

nto `v`ry sefpi` Tesk Jl` elsw`r, jr perts jc el elsw`r (es nl tons `x`rgns`), dnccnguit wjrds

nl

to` t`xt er` est`rnsk`d - toet ns, ferk`d wnto

e .

D`cnlntnjls tj to`s` wjrds er` hnv`l et to`

`ld es e fetgonlh `x`rgns`, tnti`d Xjrd-Ièrlnlh Tnf` . Dj to`s` `x`rgns`s, eld study eld

r`f`fb`r to` wjrds,

es

tons ns el jlhjnlh eld v`ry nfpjrtelt pert nl d`vìjpnlh yjur @lhinso

skniis. Eii to` elsw`rs er` hnv`l et to` `ld

jc

to` bjjk.

jrd Ièrlnlh Tnf`

Fetgo to` wjrds jl to` i`ct(* nl to` pr`vnjus s`lt`lg`s) wnto to`nr fèlnlh jl to` rnhot.

gjnlgnd`lteiiy edv)

s``fnlh tj b` sj eggjrdnlh tj eppèrelg` jr nlntnei `vnd`lg`

2

n

rjl

ngeiiy edv)

e r`cusei tj jb`y sb./sto

.,

sjf`tnf`s nl el ehhr`ssnv` wey

7

eljfeijusiy

edv)

rìetnlh tj e cnx`d ndè/nfeh` jc e typ` jc p`rsjl jr tonlh

4

epper`ltiy edv)

b`nlh strelh`/efusnlh b`geus` nt ns dncc`r`lt crjf `xp`gt`d

0

pr`sufebiy edv)

e c`ìnlh toet sto. ns tru` jr wnii oepp`l, but wntojut prjjc

3 d`cnelg`

l)

jl` jc to` ierh` ieldfess`s jc to` èrto

8 st`r`jtypngei eda)

rìetnlh tj twj jr fjr` `v`lts teknlh pieg` et to` sef` tnf`

?

essufptnjl

l) nlvjivnlh, jr djl` by, p`jpi` jr hrjups wjrknlh tjh`to`r

>

gjiiebjretnv` eda)

to` pert jc e gjultry toet ns eijlh to` gjest

5=

stekòjid`r l) rìetnlh tj sto. toet yju tonlk

ns

tru , eitojuho to`r` ns lj prjjc

gjlt nl`lt l) e p`rsjl/gjfpely nlvjiv`d nl sto. , `sp. torjuho nlv`stf`lt

52

sèbjerd l)

rìetnlh tj e dncc`r`lg` crjf woet ns ljrfei jr `xp`gt`d


8/42

`

jl`st

Dnd yju oev` to` cjiijwnlh elsw`rs cjr to` pr`vnjus `x`rgns`:

Wugo gjrr`gt elsw`rs er` egon`v`d by cjiijwnlh Rui`

1

b`nlh ojl`st. Tons ns v`ry nfpjrtelt.

Aust usnlh to` wjrd nlt`r`stnlhiy wo`l to` cètur` yju er` d`sgrnbnlh ns

jc

lj nlt`r`st et eii ns e

b d

us`

jc

wjrds. Tous, . ..

5 Wurprnsnlhiy wjf`l dj fjr` dnso wesonlh toel f`l .

2

Nl sterk gjltrest to` prjcnt nlgrès`s sinhotiy.

7

E hielg` et to` goert sojws toet tègo`r lufb`rs er` onho`r.

4 Nt ns grystei gièr toet to` prjcnt rjs`.

0 Jl` jc to` cnrst tonlhs toet sojuid b` ljt`d

ns toet

3

El

nlt`r`stnlh pjnlt toet sojuid b` jbs`rv`d

Deld`ljlh ns 0=.

8

Nt ns g`rtenliy wjrto f`ltnjlnlh toet

... er` typngei fnstek`s. To` cnrst ns egtueiiy ulsurprnsnlh (jr

pr`dngtebi` .

Xnto to` s`gjld,

ljtonlh gel b` sterk nc nt ns sinhot. Xnto to` tonrd, nt wjuid l``d e ger`cui study , ljt e hielg`,

tj cnld to` nlcjrfetnjl. Xnto to` cjurto, ljtonlh ns `v`r to t gièr nl e Tesk Jl` (eld to`

pores` ns spjk`l @lhinso, us`d fjstiy nl sp``go`s). To` iest tor`` (wongo er`, ulcjrtuletìy,

v`ry gjffjl) er` westnlh wjrds toet er` l``d`d tj hnv` to` rèi f`sseh`, eld to` cegt toet

Deld`ljlh ns 0= ns

ljt

wjrto ljtnlh,

ljt

nlt`r`stnlh, eld

ljt

wjrto f`ltnjlnlh et eii.

Wj, to`s` s`lt`lg`s er` f`goelngei, fnldi`ss, eld f`fjrns`d. Tons ns e bnh prjbi`f. To`y

snfpiy tìi to` N@ITW `xefnl`r toet to` stud`lts `nto`r dj ljt kljw to`s` snfpi` wjrds jr er`

usnlh f`fjrnsetnjl. Ns toet e hjjd ndè: Tons ièds us tj to` l`xt tnp.

@

=

v

(


9/42

@x`rgns` 3

5. Xoet

ns

wrjlh wnto to` cjiijwnlh perts jc el elsw`r:

2 Ojw gjuid yju cnx to`f:

7. Ojw fely wjrds gjuid yju tek` jut eld stnii ièv` to` fenl f`sseh`:

Elsw`rs []ertsV

e

Nt gel s`` èsniy crjf to` tojs` suppin`d nlcjrfetnjls tj dnsgus.

b

To` h`l`rei suppiynlh gjfpernsjls fek`s dete `vnd`lteiy.

Elsw`rs 2 []ertsV

e X` gel kljw v`ry fugo nlcjrfetnjl crjf tons goert .

b Nt ns

`xg``dnlhiy epper`lt toet to` goelh`s jc to` dete er` r`vèi`d nl to` cnhur`s.

g

Crjf to` nlcjrfetnjl hnv`l

nl

to` goert, jv`r to` p`rnjd es e woji`, by eld ierh`, nt

gel b` gièriy s``l toet, fjr` jr i`ss, to`r` er` substeltnei eld snhlncngelt goelh`s

Eggjrdnlh tj to` goert , nt gel eisj b` s``l toet to`r` er` fely

vernetnjls nl

to`

cnhur`s.

Elsw`rs 7 []ertsV

e Nt ns strnknlhiy epper`lt toet Deld`ljlh s prjcnt nlgrès`s by 5 .

b

Nt ns `xg``dnlhiy jbvnjus toet to` prjcnt d`grès`s e intti` .

g. Nt

ns

surprnsnlh tj s`` toet to` sei`s cnhur`s nlgrès`.


10/42

Elsw`r []ertV

Nt ns `vnd`lt crjf to` nlcjrfetnjl suppi n`d toet, jv`reii, cnrstiy, nc w` gjfper` to` prjcnt cjr

Ljbi` ]erk jv`r to` cjur quert`rs, to` cnhur`s sojw toet Ljbi` ]erks prjcnt nl eii quert`rs

d`grès`s; eld s`gjldiy,

nc

w` fek` e gjfpernsjl

jc

to` tor`` giubs, to` lufb`rs

h`l`reiiy nldnget` toet to` prjcnts cjr Deld`ljlh eld H`ìjlh er` onho`r.

Elsw`rs 0 []ertsV

e. Crjf to` goert, w` gel s`` toet.

b

Eggjrdnlh tj to` hrepongei dete, w` gel dnsg`rl toet.

g Nt ns v`ry `vnd`lt crjf to` nlcjrfetnjl suppin`d toet.

d

Nt gel b` èsniy s``l crjf to` hnv`l stetnstngs wongo

l``d tj

b`

dnsguss`d toet. ..

[sfeii pn`g` jc to` rèi

f`sseh`V.

^ju

gel prjbebiy hu`ss toet to`s` elsw`rs er` fjdì s`lt`lg`s hnv`l crjf fely sjurg`s cjr

yju tj wrnt`, but gel hjjd wrntnlh b` prjdug`d by aust usnlh f`fjrns`d fet`rnei: Tons ns woet

fely p`jpi` er` ièdnlh yju tj bìn`v`. Geldndet`s welt èsy elsw`rs; fely p`jpi` welt èsy

fjl`y but dj`s to` f`fjrnsetnjl epprjego wjrk: O`r` er` s`v`l rèsjls woy nt dj`s ljt.

Rèsjl

1

Aulk Nlput

Xoy sojuid elyjl` trust sugo fet`rnei: Nt ns jct`l

v`ry

bediy wrntt`l, wnto fely fnstek`s

nl hreffer, ijhng, eld epprjprnet`l`ss. Xnto sj fugo aulk erjuld, nt ns v`ry rnsky egg`ptnlh

fet`rnei crjf p`jpi` yju kljw ljtonlh ebjut.

Rèsjl

21

Fnsr`f`fb`rnlh

F`fjrns`d s`lt`lg`s er` jct`l r`f`fb`r`d wrjlhiy, pertnguieriy uld`r to` pr`ssur`

jc

to`

egtuei N@ITW t`st, r`suitnlh nl to` s`lt`lg`s nl Elsw`rs

5

wongo fek` lj s`ls` et eii. To`y

hnv` lj f`sseh`. Xoet beld sgjr` dj yju tonlk tons gjuid egon`v`:

Rèsjl

71

Fèlnlhi`ssl`ss

Elsw`rs 2 sojw eljto`r prjbi`f. F`fjrns`d s`lt`lg`s er` jct`l sj h`l`rei toet to`y oev`

intti` fèlnlh eld intti` vjng` jc to` wrnt`r. To`y er` aust ijlh s`lt`lg`s jc ljtonlh . To`y

@

=

u

.

(

.

.

..

g

er` ciucc - s`lt`lg`s wongo gel b` wrntt`l ebjut elytonlh eld `v`rytonlh eld toet ns woy

sjf` sjurg`s hnv` to`f tj yju. But nc to`s` s`lt`lg`s hnv` lj f`sseh` et eii, er` to`y hjj

wrntnlh: Dj to`y oìp egon`v` to` tesk :


11/42

Rèsjl 1 Pltrutos

To`r` ns eljto`r prjbi`f, es sojwl nl Elsw`rs 7 Es w` dnsguss`d nl to` pr`vnjus tnp, sugo

leturei règtnjls er`

ljt

tru`. Xo`l stud`lts wrnt`,

Nt

ns r`ferkebiy `vnd`lt toet. .. ,

ns

nt

r`ferkebiy `vnd`lt: Xo`l to`y wrnt`, Wurprnsnlhiy, to` prjcnt hrjws ... , ns nt surprnsnlh:

Jct`l

nt

ns ljt. Wugo ultru` s`lt`lg`s snfpiy prjv` to` f`fjrnsetnjl: Dj yju tonlk tons ns

e hjjd f`sseh` tj hnv`:

Rèsjl

01

nsojl`sty

Xo`l stud`lts wrnt`,

Nt

ns grystei gièr toet. . . jr

Nt

gel b` èsniy s``l crjf to` suppin`d

nlcjrfetnjl... jr Jl` nlt`r`stnlh cètur` ns ... ,

dj

to`y egtueiiy bìn`v` nt ns grystei gièr,

èsniy s``l, jr nlt`r`stnlh: Dj yju tonlk sugo dnsojl`sty ns

e hjjd f`sseh`

tj

hnv`:

Rèsjl 31 nsr`herd`d ]esseh`s

N@ITW `xefnl`rs gel r`gjhlns` ciucc. Xo`l to` stud`lts r` i wrntnlh skniis er` sojwl nl to`

r`st jc to` elsw`r, wongo pn`g`s dj yju tonlk `xefnl`rs us` tj d`gnd` upjl to` sgjr`:

Rèsjl 81 lgjo`r`lg`

Xnto e ierh` efjult

jc

f`fjrns`d fet`rnei, to` d`sgrnptnjl ns ljt wrntt`l crjf e snlhi`

fnld, but crjf fely p`jpi`. Dj yju tonlk to`s` perts cnt tjh`to`r es e woji`: Ijjk et to`

Gjo`r`lg` Gjo`snjl d`sgrnptjrs et to` b`hnllnlh

jc

Tnp >, ]ert Twj.

c

to` wrntnlh ns

nlegguret` jr stet`s to` jbvnjus tjj jct`l, woet beld sgjr` dj`s to` stud`lt r`g`nv`:

Ojw gel N prjv` eii tons: Xìi, usnlh gjffjl s`ls`, yju oev`

aust

2= fnlut`s , eld

jl`

ett`fpt, tj wrnt` e uii suffery gjv`rnlh ii cètur`s jc to` tesk. Wp`gncngeiiy, yju er` esk`d tj

sufferns` to` nlcjrfetnjl by sì`gtnlh eld r`pjrtnlh to` fenl cètur`s, eld fek` gjfpernsjls

wo`r` rì`velt. Gel ciucc oìp dj tons: Ljt et eii.

To` pubing v`rsnjl jc to` N@ITW beld d`sgrnptjrs tìis us toet yjur sgjr` hj`s onho`r wo`l yju1


12/42

Dj`s ciucc dj tons: Lj , nt dj`s ljt dj ely jc tons et eii Wj, Tnp 3 ns tj gut to` ciucc. R

`f`fb`r

- yjur hjei ns ljt tj règo 50= wjrds by eddnlh ciucc.

El

elsw`r jc 50= wjrds gel stnii r`g`nv`

N@ITW

4 By

cjiijwnlh tons edvng`,

w` gel

goelh`

Elsw

`r 4 tj1

Nt

ns `vnd`lt crjf to` nlcjrfetnjl suppin`d toet, jv`reii , cnrstiy,

nc

L` gjfper`

to`

prjcnt

cjr Ljbi`

]erk

jv`r

to`

cjur quert`rs,

to`

cnhur`s

sojvv

toet Ljbi`

]erk

's prjcnt

nl

eii

quert`rs d`grès`s; eld s`gjldiy, nc L` fek` e

gjfpernsjl

jc to` tor`` giubs ,

to`

lufb`rs h`l`reiiy nldnget` toet to` prjcnts cjr Deld`ljlh eld H`ìjlh er` onho`r.

By

guttnlh to` ciucc, N oev` hnv`l to` sef` f`sseh` nl i`ss toel jl` tonrd jc to` wjrds

Ljw

N

oev` tnf` tj f`ltnjl eld `xpienl k`y cètur`s eld nfpjrtelt nlcjrfetnjl nl e lel-f`goelngei

wey, wongo ns

woet N ef

esk`d

tj j

nl to` cnrst pieg` [W`` eisj Tnp 5=, @x`rgns` 5?, ]ert Tor``V.

o`

X`

g l

s`` crjf to` goert ]rjbi`f

I`t us

ijjk et Elsw`rs 0,

wongo

eii r`c`r tj

5.

s``nlh '

eld

2. to` goert/tesk. Eii to`s` 'ciuccy'

b`hnllnlhs er`

gjffjl

efjlh stud`lts eld bed N@ITW fet`rnei, us`d ehenl eld ehenl (eld

ehenl) nl e snlhi` elsw`r.

@v`l

N@ITW bjjks crjf w`st`rl pubinso`rs wnii us` to`s`. O`r` er`

tor`` rèsjls woy to`y dj ljt oìp.

To`s` b`hnllnlhs ...

5.

. ..

stet` to`

jbvnjus,

eld sey

ljtonlh.

Ojw

gel

toet

b`

hjjd wrntnlh: To` rèi f`sseh` ns

et

to` `ld.

2. .. . er` v`ry r`p`tntnv`.

To` goert oes b``l

nltrjdug`d

eirèdy

nl

to`

nltrjdugtnjl. Xoy dj

w`

l``d tj k``p r`c`rrnlh tj nt:

7. ...

er`

LJT ijhngei

jr

epprjprnet` tj t

o`

tesk.

To`s` b`hnllnlhs bìjlh nl e bjerdrjjf, wo`l e

pr`s`lt`r

ns pjnltnlh tj

e goert b`cjr` el eudn`lg` . To`y essuf` to`

tesk

ns b`nlh studn`d by

jto`rs. Ojw`v`r, N@ITW Tesk

Jl`

ns nlcjrfetnjl trelsc`r trelsc`rrnlh nl

cjrfetnjl crjf jl` pn`g` jc

pep`r

tj eljto`r. To`

elsw`r

sojuid to`r`cjr`

b` nld`p`ld`lt jc to` egtuei tesk, es nc to` rèd`r ns ljt studynlh nt. Nt

gjuid r`c`r jliy tj yjur jbs`rvetnjl ('To` goert

sojws

..

, g

ièriy

',

'by cer',

`tg .).

@

=

u

..

N


13/42


14/42

@x`rgns`

Ijjk et jur sefpi` cjjtbeii giubs hrepo et to` b`hnllnlh

j

Tnp 0.

5 Gut to` gjlgiusnjl jpnlnjl jut jc nt

2

Gut to` ciucc jut jc

nt

To` ciucc-i`ss v`rsnjl ns sojwl nl @x`rgns` ? ]ert 2 j to` l`xt tnp.

11

u

w


15/42

]rìnfnlery

I`t us ijjk et to` qu`stnjl r`qunr`f`lts nl hrèt`r d`teni. To` qu`stnjl seys1

K``p tons

nl

fnld wo`l djnlh to` cjiijwnlh `x`rgns`.

@x`rgns` ?

]ert

l`

Ijjk et to` cjiijwnlh twj 0= wjrd d`sgrnptnjls E eld

B

5. Ojw er` to`y dncc`r`lt:

2

Xoet dj yju tonlk to`y er` d`sgrnbnlh:

7. Xongo jl`

4.

0

3

8

?

D`sgrnptnjl E

- fek`s tons gièr`r:

- tìis yju fjr`:

- ns fjst us`cui:

- us`s b`tt`r vjgebuiery eld hreffer:

- oes sjf` styi`

nl

to` wrntnlh:

- dj yju pr`c`r:


16/42

D`sgrnptnjl

]ert Twj

Jur cjjtbeii giubs elsw`r ns ljw ciucc-i`ss eld règo`s to` pjnlt qungk`r, but to`r` er` stnii

s`v`rei prjbi`fs wnto nt. Tonlk ebjut to` tesk r`qunr`f`lts eld ]ert Jl`

jc

tons `x`rgns`. Xoet

ns

to` fjst jbvnjus prjbi`f:

Crjf ]ert Jl`, nt sojuid b` jbvnjus toet D`sgrnptnjl B ns to` jl` w` wjuid pngk cjr Uu`stnjls

7

tj

?. Tons d`sgrnptnjl fek`s nt gièr w` er` ijjknlh et

ecjr`st,

hnvnlh to` cjr`st vn`w (to` bnh

pngtur`). Tons d`sgrnptnjl gel steld eijl`, wntojut elytonlh ìs`, eld ns gièr eld nlcjrfetnv`.

Nl gjltrest, D`sgrnptnjl E aust ijjks et to` tr``s (to` sfeii pngtur`), eld jl nts jwl, wjuid b`

sjf`woet gjlcusnlh eld

gjfpi`tìy

ulsetnscegtjry. Tons d`sgrnptnjl oes ijst to` cjr`st by

ijjknlh jliy et to` tr``s .

Jc gjurs`, e gjfpi`t` d`sgrnptnjl l``ds bjto cjr`st eld tr``s, but tons cjr`st-vn`w ns g`rtenliy

nfpjrtelt eld to` fjst nlt`r`stnlh, fjr` vern`d eld nlcjrfetnv` pert, eld tous nt sojuid cjrf e

gjlsnd`rebi` pert jc ely Tesk Jl` wrntnlh.

^`t

jur cjjtbeii giubs elsw`r sojwl nl @x`rgns`

?

]ert

Twj

, oes lj cjr`st-vn`w et eii. t ijjks jliy et d`teni, eld ljtonlh ìs`, eld g`rtenliy ljt

to`

wnd`r

vn`w jr to` vn`w

jc

to` hrepo

es

e

woji`.

Es ]ert Jl` sojws us, w` fust to`r`cjr`

gjlsnd`r tons elsw`r eisj gjfpi`tìy ulsetnscegtjry.

@

=

u

...

V


17/42

X`

gel eisj rèins` tons crjf to` tesk ntsìc. t esks us tj 'sufferns`', 'sì`gt fenl cètur`s',

eld fek` gjfpernsjls', wongo suhh`sts e gièr ì`f`lt jc cjr`st. Cnleiiy, to` N@ITW beld

d`sgrnptjrs to`fsìv`s er` v`ry sp`gncng jl tons nssu`. To`y us` to` t`rf 'jv`rvn`w', eld to`

pubing v`rsnjl jc to`s` d`sgrnptjrs rèds1

Tesk Egon`v`f`lt1 2.

Hnv`s el jv`rvn`w

@xtregt`d crjf to` gjfpi`t` N@ITW Xrntnlh Tesk Jl` Beld D`sgrnptjrs (pubing v`rsnjl).

Gièriy to`l, tj egon`v` e beld sgjr` 3 jr onho`r, yju fust oev` tons 'jv`rvn`w', eld to` gièr`r

nt

ns, to` b`tt`r. Ljt oevnlh tons 'jv`rvn`w' wnii infnt yjur Tesk Egon`v`f`lt sgjr` tj 0 Wj, w`

l``d tj tonlk ger`cuiiy ebjut ojw tj dèi wnto tons.

Wjf` bjjks suhh`st brèknlh up tons jv`rvn`w nltj pn`g`s, cjiijwnlh e fjdì1

[]ert jc jv`rvn`wV

~ [ W f e i i ` r

vn`wV ~ [ e r t jc jv`rvn`wV

~ [ W f e i i ` r

vn`wV

But ns tons

r` iiy

gièr: Ns nt N@ITW 8 (jr onho`r) gièr: N wjuid sey tons ns gjfpinget`d eld fnx`d

up, eld gjuid èsniy b`gjf` gjlcusnlh. Jbvnjusiy, to` snfpi`st eld gièr`st f`tojd wjuid b` tj

hreb ii to` jv`rvn`w perts, puttnlh to`f ii tjh`to`r es jl` eld feknlh nt e s`p r t` perehrepo

- to` jv`rvn`w perehrepo - eld wrntnlh e c`w wjrds et to` b`hnllnlh jc tons perehrepo hnvnlh

to` f`sseh`, 'Tons

ns

el jv`rvn`w ' Ljw, toet wjuid b` gièr nld``d. Toet wjuid b` N@ITW 8 (jr

onho`r) gièr, eld toet

ns

to` epprjego N r`gjff`ld.

o` Jv`rvn`w Cjr`st-Sn`w)

Nl @x`rgns` ? ]ert Jl`, to` 'cjr`st' ns to` 'jv`rvn`w', eld N wnii us` tons fjr` gjijurcui t`rf,

' cjr`st-vn`w', crjf ljw jl. Tesk Jl`s gel eii oev` tons, eld yju sojuid cjiijw to`s` tor`` st`ps

tj wjrk nt jut.


18/42

]rjg`dur`

5. Nhljr` to` ex`s, wjrds, eld nlcjrfe

tnjl. Aust ijjk et to` nt`f, eld tonlk

snfpiy

Tonlk ebjut ojw yju d`sgrnb` e

cjr`st. Ijjk et to` tesk h`l`reiiy, eld

s`` woet cètur`s* 'ont yju

nl

to`

ceg`'.

Hrjup to`s` cètur`s* ijhngeiiy, trynlh

tj nlgiud` to` woji` tesk.

2

Ijjk et to` ex`s eld/jr nlcjrfetnjl

tj s`` woet to`s` cètur`s* fèls.

@xefpi`

Gnl`fe Snsnts cjr

Twj Eh`-Hrjups

Cnif Typ`s

l

=

D

U.

9

^julh`r

; e

=

7

DN

11N

l

GD

4 Jbs`rvetnjls cjr

to` Goerts1

Jl` inl` ns eiweys

onho`r toel to`

jto`r.

Bjto inl`s hj

up

To` hep b`tw``l to`

inl`s wnd`ls.

To`r` er` twj

bn

h

eld tor`` sfeii bers

[Ljtng` ojw to`s`

jbs`rvetnjls gjv`r

ii

inl`s eld ii bers jv`r

to`

woji`

p`rnjd.

To`y er` nld``d

cjr`st-vn`ws.V

Fjr` yjulh`r

p`jpi` toel jid`r

p`jpi` hj

tj

to`

gf`fe.

Bjto yjulh`r eld

jid`r p`jpi` hj

to`r` nl nlgrèsnlh

lufb`rs ... but. ..

... sp`gneiiy

yjulh`r p`jpi`

Egtnjl eld celtesy

fjvn`s er` cer

onho`r toel to` tor``

jto`r typ`s.

G

l

u


19/42

7. D`gnd` nc sjf` jr eii

jc

tons gel b`

`xpr`ss`d l rèi-wjrid ielhueh`,

toet

ns, ljrfei

`v`rydey ielhueh`

eld ljt to` sp`gnei ielhueh` us`d l

d`sgrnbnlh hrepos.

Rèi Xjrid

Gnl`fes Cjr`st-Sn`w

To`s` `stebinsof`lts `xp`rn`lg` e hrjwnlh

pjpuiernty efjlh eii eh`s, but nt ns to` yjulh`r

h`l`retnjl woj eiweys oev` to` hr` t`st

pr`dni`gtnjl

cjr

tons cjrf

jc

`lt`rtenlf`lt.

Eddntnjleiiy, to` invìn`r

ld

cest`r-fj vnlh

egtnjl ld celtesy h`lr`s oev`, by cer, to`

hr

èt`st puiinlh pjw`r , g`rtenliy h`l`retnlh

t

` onho`st bjx-jccng` ett`ltnjl .

... jr ...

Gnl`fe-hj`rs

jc

eii eh`s, but pertnguieriy to`

yjuto, sojw el egtnv` eld nlgrèsnlh pr`dni`g

tnjl

cjr

tons cjrf jc `lt`rtenlf`lt. Eddntnjl

eiiy, to` drewnlh pjw`r

jc

egtnjl eld celtesy

gièriy pr`venis jv`r to` jto`r h`lr`s, s``nlh

to` cjrf`r herl`r e fugo hrèt`r prjpjrtnjl

jcvn`w`rs.

R`herdnlh Wt`p 7, sjf` tesks rìet` tj nlt`r`stnlh eld `v`rydey `xp`rn`lg`s (sugo es

jur

gnl`fes tesk), eiijwnlh fely èsn`r rèi-wjrid p`rsp`gtnv`s. Jto`r tesks er` eged`fng eld

dry (sugo

es

jur cjjtbeii giubs prjcnt tesk), infntnlh sugo goelg`s. Xoet`v`r to` ges`, nc eii w`

dj nl to` cjr`st-vn`w

ns

d`sgrnb` f`goelngeiiy, nt gel ièd

tj

e infnt`d relh`

jc

wjrds (snlg` to`s`

wjrds er` inkìy

tj

b` r`pèt`d nl to` tr``-vn`ws). Fjst hrepos (nlgiudnlh to` jl`s nl tons bjjk)

dj ljt eiijw fely rèi-wjrid p`rsp`gtnv`s, but to`r` gel usueiiy b` sjf`. Aust try yjur b`st, eld

eiweys b` ojl`st.

jtng` nl to` gnl`fes cjr`st-vn`w, N dnd ljt wrnt b`geus` .

t

wjuid b` e fnstek` tj wrnt`1

... snlg` tons

ns

sp`guietnjl, wongo yju w`r`

ljt

esk`d tj hnv`, eld nt fey b` wrjlh elywey.

r, N feleh`d tj nlgiud` to` pores`

invìn`r

eld cest`r-fjvnlh es el nlgnd`ltei*

njl

jc

to` fjvn` typ`s, ljt es e geus`-eld-`cc`gt rìetnjlsonp. Nl to` sef` wey, N dnd ljt

eld

tons r`suits

nl hrèt`r bjx-jccng`* ett`ltnjl , wongo

ns

ehenl fjvnlh jutsnd` to`

lstèd, N f`ltnjl`d nt nlgnd`lteiiy* wnto el edv`rb (r`vèinlh nt ns fy vjng`) eld us`d e

i pores` (`xpienl`d nl Tnp 52 ]ert W`v`l) [W`` eisj Tnp 53 Onlt

0

XerlnlhsV.


20/42

Xjrd Ièrlnlh Tnf`

Fetgo to` wjrds jl to` i`ct * nl to` pr`vnjus s`lt`lg`s) wnto to`nr fèlnlh jl to` rnhot.

5 cètur` (l)

bunidnlhs, s`rvng`s, `qunpf`lt, `tg . toet er` prjvnd`d cjr e

purpjs`

2 gjei (l)

rìetnlh tj e h`l`rei rns` nl to` prng`s jc hjjds eld s`rvng`s

7 cegninty (l)

b`nlh strjlh, oèitoy, jr sugg`sscui

4

celtesy

(l)

tj gjltrji

jr

oev` e ijt

jc

nlciu`lg` jv`r sb./sto.

0 nlcietnjlery (eda)

e oerd biegk fnl`rei toet ns burlt tj prjdug` oèt

3 tj djfnlet` (v)

gjll`gt`d wnto jr ink` to` gjultrysnd`

8 rurei

(eda)

sjf`tonlh nfpjrtelt, nlt`r`stnlh,

jr

typngei

jc

e pieg` jr tonlh

? tornvnlh (eda) ebninty tj ettregt gustjf`rs jr nlt`r`st

>

pr`dni`gtnjl

(l)

e prjdugt

jc

nfehnletnjl jr sto . ulinkìy jr nfpjssnbi`

5= h`lr` (l) oepp`lnlh nl gjll`gtnjl wnto sto. ìs`, but ljt es nfpjrtelt

puiinlh pjw`r to` pieg` et to` gnl`fe wo`r` to` tngk`ts er` sjid

(l)

drewnlh pjw`r e v`ry hrèt inknlh cjr sjf`tonlh

52

bjx jccng` (l) e pertnguier typ` jr styi` jc int`retur`, ert, cnif , jr fusng

57 tj

herl`r

(v) tj jbtenl jr gjii`gt sto., sugo es nlcjrfetnjl jr suppjrt

54 nlgnd`ltei (eda)

Tonlk jto Xeys

Es jur twj dncc`r`lt cjr`st-vn`ws cjr jur gnl`fes tesk sojws, to`r` gel jct`l b` dncc`r`lt weys

j `xpr`ssnlh to` sef` gjlg`pt, ijjknlh nl `nto`r dnr`gtnjl (E/B). B`cjr` wrntnlh, tonlk ebjut

wongo sjulds fjr` styinso. Wjf` snfpi` `xefpi`s er`1

E Fjst jc to` cnrf s gustjf`rs er` c`fei`s.

B C`fei`s gjlstntut` fjst jc to` cnrfs gustjf`rs.

E Ebs`lt``nsf wes onho`r et Fìsnd`.

B Fìsnd` sew e hrèt`r d`hr`` jc ebs`lt``nsf.

c

=

I


21/42

E

Fjst p`jpi` gjfpienl`d ebjut to` s`rvng`.

B To` s`rvng` erè ns to` jl` wongo h`l`ret`d fjst gjfpienlts.

E Cet Cr`d s Oefburh`rs sìi fjst jc to`nr prjdugts nl to` suff`r sèsjl.

B. Cet Cr`d s oefburh`rs er` fjst pjpuier

nl

to` suff`r sèsjl.

G. Nt ns nl to` suff`r sèsjl toet fjst jc Cet Cr`d s oefburh`rs er` sjid .

E Tjurnsts w`r` h`l`reiiy setnscn`d wnto to`nr vnsnts tj Eustreine.

B

Snsnts tj Eustreine prjfpt`d h`l`reiiy pjsntnv` r`spjls`s.

E. To` feajrnty jc gnl`fe-hj`rs jpt`d cjr to` egtnjl eld celtesy h`lr`s.

B

To` egtnjl eld celtesy h`lr`s prjv`d cer fjr` pjpuier efjlh gnl`fe-hj`rs.

,

@x`rgns` >

ehenl et to` cjjtbeii giubs inl` hrepo et to` stert jc Tnp 4 Try tj wjrk jut to` jv`reii

jr cjr`st-vn`w. Try tj pores`

nt

nl rèi-wjrid t`rfs.

to` pr`vnjus `x`rgns` gjuid hnv` el jbs`rvetnjl sugo es1

Ijjknlh cnrst es

e

woji`

Deld`ljlh s prjcnt

ns

onho`r toel to` prjcnt jc nts twj rnveis.

Nt ns ljt onho`r nl to` b`hnllnlh. Deld`ljlh cjjtbeii giub h`l`ret`s nlgrèsnlhiy

onho`r èrlnlhs torjuhojut to` yèr. Tons fek`s Deld`ljlh cjjtbeii giub to` jst

cnlelgneiiy sugg`sscui giub.

ons ns ljt sj wìi wrntt`l (snlg` N oev` put nl fnstek`s toet wnii b` gjrr`gt`d by curto`r tnps),

dj`s ijjk et to` hrepo es e woji` eld feleh`s tj us` sjf` rèi-wjrid wjrds. To` t`rfs

rnveis eld fjst cnlelgneiiy sugg`sscui dj ljt eppèr jl to` hrepo et eii, but toet ns woet to`

repo sojws nl rèi-wjrid @lhinso .

.

@x`rgns` 5

er` 7 Tesk Jl`s nl tons `x`rgns`. Try tj tonlk

jc

jl` jr twj s`lt`lg`s tj d`sgrnb` to`nr

f`sseh`. Tonlk ebjut ojw to`s` f`sseh`s gjuid b` `xpr`ss`d fjr` fèlnlhcuiiy nl rèi

d wjrds. Wefpi` elsw`rs er` sojwl nl Epp`ldnx

7


22/42

Tesk

Tesk B

Ebs`lt``nsf et Twj Onho Wgojjis

( )

]`jpi`

@lt`rnlh

Ljbi`

]erk

Reniwey Wtetnjl jv`r e 50-Ojur ]`rnjd

4

7

2

Tesk G

3=

4=

2=

=

F`isnd`

7==

2==

Wtretobuf

5==

4to

T`rfs

3

>

Fjrlnlh

Wei`s

jc Goulky

Gojgjiet`

Bers

nl ulnts) nl 2=5=

5st

Utr

2ld

Utr 7rd Utr 4to Utr

52

7 3

@v`lnlh

A Wlezzi`

Wfjjtoijw

D Wlntgo

>

Wj r`f`fb`r, to` l``d cjr e cjr`st-vn`w

ns

sp`gncngeiiy f`ltnjl`d nl to` d`sgrnptjrs, sj fek`

sur` yju wrnt` nt But ojw, eld wo`r`: R`ed jl.


23/42

]ert Jl`1 Nlsnd` to` Cjr`st Sn`w

ii

w` kljw toet w` l``d to` cjr`st-vn`w but ojw dj w` jrhelns` nt:

ry

to` l`xt `x`rgns`.

@x`rgns`

Ijjk et to` cjiijwnlh cjr`st-vn`ws.

Cjr`st Sn`w E

5.

Ns tons cjr`st-vn`w egtueiiy e cjr`st-vn`w: Ojw dj yju kljw:

2.

Wojuid nt oev` cnhur`s: Ojw sojuid yju jrhelns` nt:

7. Er` to` cjiijwnlh

(B

eld G b`tt`r:

Cjr`st Sn`w B

Cjr`st Sn`w G

O`r` er` snx onlts ebjut cjr`st-vn`ws.


24/42

Onlt

t ns v`ry nfpjrtelt tj nltrjdug` to` cjr`st-vn`w s e cjr`st-vn`w. ^ju l``d tj tìi to` rèd`rs

(eld N@ITW `xefnl`rs)

wo t

to`y er` rèdnlh. Nl @x`rgns`

55

Cjr`st-Sn`w E, to` rèd`rs wjuid

oev` lj ndè toet to`y er` rèdnlh e cjr`st-vn`w, eld to` Tesk Egon`v`f`lt beld sgjr` gjuid b`

ecc`gt`d. O`r` er` sjf` weys tj nltrjdug` e cjr`st-vn`w. To`y er` eii snfnier `ljuho tj b` us`d

wntojut ely prjbi`f, eitojuho sjf` `xpieletnjl ns prjvnd`d.

5.

2.

7

4.

0.

3.

8.

H`l`reiiy spèknlh,

5

Nl h`l`rei,

5

Jv`reii,

2

.

Jl to` woji`,

5

To` fenl f`sseh` ns [toetV7...

Ijjknlh [cnrst4V es e

woji`, .

Jv`r to` woji` p`rnjd,

0

[Cjr`st-vn`wV

[... `h . Deld`ljlh ns to` fjst cnlelgneiiy

sugg`sscui giub, egon`vnlh e gjlsnst`lt

rns` ... V

5. Fèlnlh ljt eiweys, but fjstiy eld b`st us`d wo`l to` tr`lds er` ljt tjteiiy gièr.

2. Cjr gjfpernlh to` b`hnllnlh wnto to` `ld, eld us`d es ebjv`.

7. Tons ns b`st us`d wo`l to` nltrjdugtnjl f`ltnjls to` tesk (`h. To` hrepo sojws . .. ) .

4 . N c yju us` tons, to` l`xt perehrepo - toet ns, to` cnrst tr``-perehrepo - gjuid to`l us` to` tjpng por s` Ijjk

nlh ljw et [TjpngV. .. es Tnp > ]ert Jl` wnii sojw [W`` Epp`ldnx 54 cjr el `xefpi`V.

0. Tons dj`s ljt oev` to` h`l`rei fèlnlh

jc

to` cnrst snx eld ns b`st us`d cjr gièr tr`lds - toet ns , tr`lds

wongo er` gjlsnst`lt torjuhojut to` tnf` p`rnjd. Cjr jur cjjtbeii giubs tesk, yju gelljt sey, Jv`r to`

woji` p`rnjd, Deld`ljlh ns fjr` prjcntebi` toel to` jto`r twj giubs [snlg` nt ns egtueiiy ijw`r toel Ljbi`

]erk nl to` cnrst c`w fjltosV. Ojw`v`r, cjr @x`rgns` 5=, Tesk E, yju g l sey, Jv`r to` woji` p`rnjd,

Fìsnd` succ`rs crjf onho`r ebs`lt``nsf [snlg` tons tr`ld ns nld``d tru` jv`r to` woji` p`rnjdV.

Onlt 2

Try

ljt

tj us` cnhur`s nl cjr`st-vn`ws snlg` to` delh`r ns toet yjur cjr`st-vn`w wnii egtueiiy

goelh` nltj e tr`` -vn`w. Wp`gncng cnhur`s gel hj nl to` tr``-vn`w perehrepos wongo cjiijw. ^ju

sojuid `v`l ljt f`ltnjl det s, eiijwnlh jliy yjur

wjrds

tj hnv` to` f`sseh`.


25/42

nlt

k` sur` toet tons cjr`st-vn`w ns, nl cegt, e cjr`st-vn`w. Nl @x`rgns`

55

Cjr`st-Sn`w E ns ljt e

cjr`st et eii. Nt

ns

aust e d`teni`d d`sgrnptnjl cjiijwnlh to` prjcni` jc e hrepo inl`. Tons jbvnjusiy

ljt b` wrntt`l nl rèi-wjrid @lhinso, eld tons nlcjrfetnjl wnii b` r`pèt`d elywey nl to`

-v

n`w.

N@ITW 0

ns

to` r`suit.

c

yju

aust

wrnt` , H`l`reiiy spèknlh eld to`l wrnt`

elytonlh

yju er`

ljt

wrntnlh e cjr`st

ld

ljt

cjjinlh to` N@ITW `xefnl`r, snlg` to` d`sgrnptjrs sey toet to` Tesk Egon`v`f`lt 3

n`w oes nlcjrfetnjl epprjprnetìy sì`gt`d . Xntojut tons, to` Tesk Egon`v`f`lt beld

enl gel jliy b` 0 jr ijw`r.

Onlt 4

riy

fek` sur` toet tons cjr`st-vn`w oes

fèlnlhcui

nlcjrfetnjl. Nl @x`rgns`

55

Cjr`st

B tìis us toet to`r` er` goelh`s , dncc`r`lg`s , eld vernetnjls . Tons ns vehu` eld

i`ss eld sojuid ljt trngk el (`xp`rn`lg`d) `xefnl`r. Tons sjrt jc ciucc `xnsts nl

bjjks cjr f`fjrnsetnjl. Tnp 3, @x`rgns` 3, Elsw`rs 2 sojw snfnier `xefpi`s. Wugo

nlhi`ssl`ss jliy prjv`s toet to` wrnt`r gel jt cnld el jv`reii f`sseh`, sj to` Tesk

f`lt beld sgjr` ehenl gel jliy b`

0

jr ijw`r. To` I`xngei R`sjurg` beld sgjr` gel

b` ecc`gt`d.

Onlt 0

x`rgns` , Cjr`st-Sn`w G trn`s tj oev` fèlnlh but aust sì`gts e c`w pjnlts

jc

to` hrepo. Nt

j`s ljt gjv`r to` woji` tesk, sj ojw gel nt b` e cjr`st: c yju welt tj sey Inl` E

ns

to` onho`st,

jfper` nt tj to`

jto`r

inl`s.

Fjst p`jpi` pr`c`r Wlezzi` gojgjiet`

bers jv`r Wfjjto/jw

eld

Wlntgo.

c yju ljtng` Inl` B rns`s , s`` nc to` jto`r inl`s eisj dj sj.

ii

to` gjfpeln`s h`l`ret` nlgrèsnlh prjcnts.

c yju ljtng` e tr`ld nl to` cnrst pert

jc

to` tnf` exns, gjfper`

t

tj to r st

jc to` tnf` p`rnjd

Cr`lgo trevìi`rs h`l`reiiy tek` djf`stng

ojindeys, epert crjf to` iest c`w yèrs

wo`l to`y pr`c`r @urjpèl pegkeh` tjurs.

Cjr`st

J Tr``s

E

cj

r`st

ns

e cjr`st eld sojuid b` es brjed es pjssnbi`, es nldnget`d by to` dnehref.


26/42

Onlt 3

c

o`r` er` twj jr fjr` tr`lds wongo ont yju nl to` ceg` ,

ld

to`y l``d s`v`rei s`lt`lg`s

tj

b`

d`sgrnb`d, to`l jl` epprjego ns

tj

elljulg` to` gjult eld to`l hnv` to` tr`lds. O`r` er` tor``

fjdìs

tj dj tons1

5.

2.

Jv`reii, to`r` er`

twj/tor`` tr`lds.

Cnrstiy,

Jl` ns

To` s`gjld tr`ld ns

[5st Tr`ldV.

To` jto`r (tr`ld) ns

[2 d Tr`ldV.

7. [5" Tr`ldV.

Nl

eddntnjl/Eddntnjleiiy,

Tons fjdì ns us`d nl to` sefpi` Tesk Jl` elsw`rs nl Epp`ldnx 52 eld 2=. Xo`l usnlh tons , N

nt fnhot b` b`tt`r ljt tj us` to` ijlh`r cjr `st-vn`w nltrjdugtjry snhlpjsts 4,

0 3

eld 8 [Cjr

`xefpi`, Ijjknlh cnrst es e woji`, to`r` er` twj tr`lds. V snlg` to`s` snhlpjsts er` qunt` ijlh.

N

Ps` snhlpjsts 5 2, eld 7 nlstèd.

@x`rgns` 2

Ijjk et to` cjiijwnlh 3 Tesk Jl` nt`fs1

E-C.

Tonlk jc to`nr cjr`st-vn`ws, eld try wrntnlh to`f

usnlh eii jc to` onlts nl ]ert Jl` jc tons tnp. Wefpi` elsw`rs er` sojwl nl Epp`ldnx 7.

Tesk E

Tègo`r

Lufb`rs

et

FT Plnv`rsnty

2==4 2==3

2==? 2=5=

D fei`s

D c`fei`s

Tesk B

EEE @fpijyf`lt Eh`lgy1 ]`rg`lteh`s jc

R`gruntf`lt

by ]rjc`ssnjl Typ`

Tègo`rs

=

u

9


27/42

Tesk G

Lufb`rs jc Tjurnsts tj Sngtjrne

eld

Wetnscegtnjl Retnlhs cjr 2=5=

Hjjd

=5

5=

Wetnscegtnjl Tjurnst

Wurv`y R`suits Lufb`rs

Tesk D

Lufb`rs jc Wtud`lts JJJs) @lrjii`d et

Cjur

Eustreinel

Plnv`rsntn`s (=3 tj 5=)

5=

?

3

4

Z. . @estiek`

jwburl

2

GFT

=

=3 =8 =? => 5=

Tesk @ Tesk C

Ev`reh` ]rng`s jc Huls ( ==s)

Wjid et Ajolsjl s

Hul

Wojp

Od

WN

Od 6 Oeldhuls

WN

6 Wiuh huls

Rc Wo

Rc 6 Rnci`s

=2==3

=2==8

=2==?

2==>

2=5=

Wo 6 Wojthuls

]ert Twj Nlsnd` to` lsw`r

Lufb`rs jc Snsntjrs tj Byrjl Bey's

Cegnintn`s nl e Typngei Dey by Eh`


28/42

@x`rgns` 7

Twj pjssnbi` Tesk Jl` strugtur`s gjuid b`1

Wtrugtur` E Wtrugtur` B

Gjlsnd`r

Xongo strugtur` - E jr B - wjuid prjdug` e b`tt`r elsw`r n yju rel jut j tnf` et ]jnlt 5 s

sojwl: Xoet ebjut n yju rel jut j tnf` et ]jnlt 2:

Bjto j to`s` strugtur`s er` hjjd eld gel b` us`d, eld to`r` ns e ijhng tj usnlh Wtrugtur` B,

wo`r` to` cjr`st-vn`w et to` `ld gjlgiud`s to` d`sgrnptnjl. Ojw`v`r, r`f`fb`r toet tons cjr`st

vn`w ns prjbebiy to` fjst nfpjrtelt pert

j

to` elsw`r snlg` nt gjv`rs to` hrepo gjfpi`tìy,

hnv`s to` fenl f`sseh`, eld jct`l hnv`s el jppjrtulnty tj us` dncc`r`lt (rèi-wjrid) hreffer

eld wjrds. Tons fèls toet, s e t`st stret`hy, Wtrugtur` E ns prjbebiy to` b`st fjdì tj cjiijw,

snlg` `v`l n yju rul jut j tnf`, tons nfpjrtelt cjr`st-vn`w stnii eppèrs nl to` elsw`r.

Ljw, w` kljw `ljuho ebjut to` cjr`st-vn`w. I`t s fjv` jl

tj

to` tr``-vn`ws.

i

=

u


29/42

]ert Jl`1 To`

nh

]ngtur` Tjpng ]ores`s)

I`t us ljw hj e intti` d``p`r nltj ojw tj strugtur` el elsw`r by ijjknlh et to` cjiijwnlh

`x`rgns`.

.

@x`rgns` 54

5. Ijjk et tons inl` hrepo eld to` twj elsw`rs1 E eld

B

Ojw er` to`y dncc`r`lt:

Lufb`rs

jc

Gojgjiet` Bers Wjid

5==

/

Wfjjto jw

0=

/

/

Wlntgo

. . /

/

Wlezzi`

Uuert`rs

Elsw`r E

Elsw`r B


30/42

2 Xongo jc to`s` elsw`rs b`tt`r cjiijws to` pubing v`rsnjl jc to`s` N@ITW beld d`sgrnptjrs:

@xtregt`d crjf to` gjfpi`t` N@ITW Xrntnlh Tesk Jl` Beld D`sgrnptjrs (pubing v`rsnjl).

Elsw`r E ijjks et jl` tnf` p`rnjd eld to`l d`sgrnb`s to` tr`lds jc ii tor`` inl`s cjr toet

p`rnjd. Tons gel b` dnccnguit. Cjr e i`ss sknii`d wrnt`r, tons jct`l r`suits nl elsw`rs wnto ulgièr

prjhr`ssnjl , wongo nl tuf suhh`sts e Gjo`r`lg` Gjo`snjl beld sgjr` 0 (jr ijw`r).

Nl gjltrest, Elsw`r B ijjks et jl` jc to` inl`s eld cjiijws nt jv`r to` woji` p`rnjd jc to` hrepo.

Tons usueiiy hnv`s gièr jrhelnsetnjl eld prjhr`ssnjl , wongo suhh`sts e Gjo`r`lg` Gjo`snjl

beld sgjr` 3 (jr onho`r). Tons ns b`geus` to` jrhelnsetnjl eiijws e snlhi` eld strenhotcjrwerd

tjpng cjr ègo perehrepo. Tous, to` jrhelnsetnjl jcElsw`r B ns prjbebiy b`tt`r.

Tons jrhelnsetnjl eisj eiijws us tj us` tjpng jr trelsntnjl pores`s tj fek` to` prjhr`ssnjl

`v`l gièr`r. E pores` ns e hrjup jc wjrds wntojut e cnlnt` v`rb. Ijjk et Elsw`r B jl` fjr`

tnf`, eld ljtng` ojw to` iest tor`` perehrepos b`hnl. To`y us` to` pores`s1

Xnto r`sp`gt tj Wlezzi` , . ..

Es cjr

5

Wlntgo, ...

R`herdnlh Wfjjtoijw, ...

. .

[Wuba`gt+ S`rbV ...

To`r` er` lj cnlnt` v`rbs nl to`s` tjpng pores`s, aust wjrds nltrjdugnlh e l`w suba`gt. E gieus`

[Wuba`gt+ S`rbV cjiijws. Jto`r `xefpi`s

jc

tons sjrt

jc

pores`s er`1

Ijjknlh (ljw) et [Inl` EV,

Ijjknlh (ljw) et

@xefnlnlh

Gjlsnd`rnlh [Inl` GA

[Inl` BA

Fjvnlh (jl) tj

5

[Inl` DA

Gjfpernlh tons tj

5

[Inl` @V

Cjgussnlh jl [Inl`

CV

Turlnlh tj [Inl` HV,

(fjr` sp`gncngeiiy) 2

(nl fjr` d`teni},

2

... [Wuba`gt+ S`rbV ...

To`s` gelljt b`hnl to` cnrst tr``

perehrepo to`y fust gjf`

ct`r

eljto`r tjpng oes b``l dnsguss`d.

To`s` eddntnjls gel jliy b` us`d nc

to` ièdnlh ljul [Inl`

BV

oes eirèdy

b``l dnsguss`d nl e pr`vnjus pere

hrepo (`.h. to` cjr`st-vn`w).

g

=

u

..

e


31/42

`

gjuid stnii us` tjpng s`lt`lg`s sugo

es1

[Inl` EV oes e v`ry dncc`r`lt prjcni` .

. . . jr (us` e tjpng pores` tj b`hnl) to` s`lt`lg`1

Es cjr [Inl` EV, nt oes e v`ry dncc`r`lt prjcni`.

er` setnscegtjry, but sojrt`r tjpng pores`s er` usueiiy b`tt`r cjr Tesk Jl`, snlg` tons tesk ns

ojrt eld fust jliy d`sgrnb` stetnstngei cegts. Tous , tons tnp - Tnp > - ns1 wo`l dèinlh wnto tr``

repos (ect`r to` cjr`st-vn`w), yju sojuid

5. fek` sur` toet ègo perehrepo oes e gjlsnst`lt to`f` (sugo es Inl` B , 5>?2 , jr

Eustreinel f`l );

2. b`hnl toet to`f` usnlh tjpng pores`s, sugo es to` jl`s hnv`l

nl

tons tnp;

7. sì`gt to` tjpng pores`s eiijwnlh el jrhelnsetnjl j jliy twj jr tor tr``-perehrepos.

jjk

nlh et

]jnlt

7,

r`f`fb`r

toet Tesk

Jl`

ns reto`r sojrt, sj nt gelljt oev` tjj fely

erehrepo

s

y`t w` stnii l``d e snlhi` to`f` nl ègo tr``-perehrepo. Tons fèls w` oev` tj tonlk

er`cuiiy ebjut wongo tjpng pores`s tj us`.

@x`rgns` 0

jjk ehenl et to` snx Tesk Jl`s nl Tnp

?

@x`rgns`

52

. Ijjk eisj et Tnp

8

@x`rgns`

5=

Tesk B.

jw wjuid yju jrhelns` to` tr``-perehrepos cjr ègo jl`:

ry

tj Dnvnd` to` Tesk Nt`f

I`t us gjlsnd`r ojw tj jrhelns` to` 'tr``s ' . Nl @x`rgns` 52 Tesk E w` gjuid jrhelns` ègo tr``

erehrepo wnto e yèr, wrntnlh, 'Ijjknlh et 2==4, ... ', 'R`herdnlh 2==3, ... ' eld sj jl, but tons

juid r`suit nl jur perehrepos. Tjj fely Eisj, nt ns ljt ijhngei,

es

w` kljw crjf ]ert Jl`

jc

tons tnp. Wj , nt wjuid b` b`tt`r tj us`1

R`herdnlh fei`s, ...

Es cjr c`fei`s, .

... snlg` tons hnv`s twj perehrepos, wongo ns fjr` epprjprnet` cjr to` sojrt letur` jc Tesk Jl`.

Nt ns eisj fjr` ijhngei b`geus` to` ber goert ns to` sef` es twj hrepo inl`s, jl` cjr f`l, eld jl`

jr wjf`l.

Nl @x`rgns`

52

,

Tesk B

w` gjuid try 'Ijjknlh cnrst et djgtjrs, .. . , 'Fjvnlh jl tj lurs`s, ... '

eld sj jl, but tons ehenl wjuid r`suit nl

cjur

perehrepos.

Tjj

fely Nt wjuid b` b`tt`r

tj

us` to`

tjpng pores`s1


32/42

Ijjknlh cnrst et 2==8 et to` cnrst yèr ...

Fjvnlh jl tj 2=5= eoèd cjur yèrs ...

Tons hnv`s twj perehrepos, wongo ns fugo b`tt`

r

eld nt eisj cjiijws to` leturei dnvnsnjl toet to`

tesk oes eirèdy grèt`d.

N@ITW Tesk Jl`s er` sjf`tnf`s twj sfeii`r nt`fs, es nl @x`rgns` 52, Tesk G. ^ju sojuid

d`cnlntìy us` tons tj yjur edvelteh`. Gièriy, to` snfpi`st epprjego cjr to` tr``-perehrepos nl

Tesk G ns 1

Gjlsnd`rnlh to` pn` goert setnscegtnjl j tjurnsts ...

Xnto r`sp`gt tj to` inl` hrepo to`nr lufb`rs

l

tons stet` ...

Ljtng`, N oev` ljt r`pèt`d 2==8 , 2=5= ,

pn`

goert' eld inl` hrepo' (eii sojwl grjss`d

jut). R`f`fb`r fy rui`1 to` hrepo/goert/dnehref ns jliy f`ltnjl`d jlg`,

nc

yju welt, nl to`

nltrjdugtnjl, eld r`p`tntnjl sojuid b` r`dug`d [W`` Tnp 3, To` 'X` gel s`` crjf to` goert '

]rjbi`fV.

Wj r`f`fb`r, nc yju oev` twj perts cjr ely tes

k1

twj pn` goerts, twj hrepos, twj feps, e hrepo

eld e cijw goert, jr twj hrjups

jc

nlcjrfetnjl, us` tons twj-l`ss tj yjur edvelteh`, eld fek`

to`f to` tjpngs

jc

yjur tjpng pores`s.

I`t

us

aufp

tj

to` hrepo nl @x`rgns` 5=, Tesk

B

e inl` hrepo wnto e snlhi` inl`. Ojw gel w`

fek` twj-l`ss crjf jl` inl`:

t

ns èsy Wnfpiy brèk up to` tnf` exns nltj twj ijhngei p`rnjds.

Cjr `xefpi`1

R`herdnlh to` nlntnei pert jc to` dey ...

Es cjr to` r`fenlnlh tnf` ...

To` sef` t`golnqu` gel b` us`d cjr prjg`ss dnehrefs (es nl Tnp 53), wongo er` eisj 'inlèr' (6

ink` e inl`). Wj, nl h`l`rei, try tj dnvnd` to` tesk nltj twj (jr p`roeps tor``) perts.

rjup

jr

wj

Nl @x`rgns` 52,

Tesk D

w` gjuid try, 'Ijjknlh cnrst et ]`t`rshi`l, ... ', 'Fjvnlh jl tj @estiek`,

. .. ' eld sj jl, but tons ehenl wjuid r`suit nl

jur

perehrepos. X` gjuid try, 'R`herdnlh 2==3, ... ,

'Es cjr 2==8, .. . , but w` eirèdy kljw tons ns bed. Wj woet dj w` dj: To` elsw`r ns tj hrjup

to` inl`s tj grèt` c`w`r perehrepos, pr`c`rebiy twj. Cjr `xefpi`, snlg` ]`t`rshi`l eld Rjwburl

bjto nlgrès` snhlncngeltiy jv`reii, to`y gjuid b` hrjup`d tjh`to`r nl jl` perehrepo, ièvnlh

@estiek` eld GFT tj b` hrjup`d tjh`to`r nl eljto`r.

r

=

u

U


33/42

@xefnlnlh ]`t`rshi`l eld Rjwburl, ...

Gjfpernlh to`s` tj @estiek` eld

GFT

...

Xo`l hrjupnlh f ly tjpngs nltj jl` perehrepo, yju gel cjiijw to` fjdì1

[Tjpng ]ores`V [Hrjup F`fb`rsV, to` cnrst jl` [Tr`ldV, wo`rès) to` [W`gjld Hrjup

F`fb`rV [Tr`ldV . To` [Tonrd Hrjup F`fb`rV [Tr`ldV.

Cjr `xefpi`1

Nl @x`rgns` 2 , Tesk @, ehenl, w` oev` tjj fely yèrs (cnv` j to`f) eld tjj fely s`ts

j

bers

(cjur j to `f). Wj , es wnto Tesk D, w` ehenl l``d tj

hrjup

sjf` s`ts tjh`to`r sj es tj

r`dug`

to` lufb`r j perehrepos, pr`c`rebiy twj. ^ju gjuid hrjup rnci`s wnto sojthuls (snlg` to`y er`

bjto onho), eld oeldhuls wnto siuh huls (snlg` to`y er` bjto ijw). ^ju gjuid eisj put rnci`s nl

jl` perehrepo eld hrjup to` jto`rs nl eljto`r, snlg` to` cjrf`r ns fjr` nlt`r`stnlh. ^jur tjpng

pores`s gjuid to`l

b`1

Ijjknlh cnrst et rnci`s,

nl

2==3, to`nr ev`reh` prng` wes ...

Cjgussnlh jl to` jto`r typ`s jc wèpjls, oeldhuls b`hel et. ..

Es cjr @x`rgns` 2 , Tesk C, nt eisj oes fely suba`gts. Wj, ehenl, w` l``d

tj

hrjup to`f tjh`to`r.

To` fjst ij hngei tjpng pores`s wjuid prjbebiy b` 1

Gjlsnd`rnlh cnrst bègo`s eld bers, .. .

Fjvnlh jl tj to` jto`r tor`` v`lu`s

..

.

Ljtng` to` us` j to` wjrd v`lu`s (6 pieg`s wo`r` p`jpi` f``t). Hrjupnlh gel sjf`tnf`s

(but ljt j t`l) eiijw to` nltrjdugtnjl j l`w jr rèi-wjrid vjgebuiery. Tons cjiijws Tnp

[W`` @x`rgns` 2 V, wo`r` to` pjnlt ns fed` toet nl e dry Tesk Jl`, yju l``d tj tek` `v`ry

jppjrtulnty tj put sjf` vern`ty nl yjur vjgebuiery. Et nts snfpi`st, e tjpng pores` gjuid b`1


34/42

Fjvnlh jl tj to`

jto`r twj giubs

jto`r nlstntut`s

r`st j to` tnf` p`rnjd

r`fenld`r j to` dey

r`fenlnlh yèrs

, [Wuba`gtV

+

[S`rbV ...

Tous, to`r` er` twj f`tojds jc hrjupnlh det

e

sojwl es cjiijws.

5 Xnto r`sp`gt tj [_V eld [^V

`.h. Xnto r`sp`gt tj rnci`s eld sojthuls

2 @xefnlnlh

h`l`rei/rèi-wjrid

t`rf cjr [_V & [^V

`.h. @xefnlnlh to` oèvy wèpjlry

to` cnrsP[_V

(wo`rès) To` s`gjld/[^V

to` cnrst sterts et jv`r tor``, . . .

To` s`gjld sojws e snfnier tr`ld, ...

[_V ... [^V ...

rnci`s stert et jv`r tor``,

Wojthuls sojw e snfnier tr`ld,

Nl to` Wuffernsnlh @x`rgns`, to` Cnlei S`rsnjl jc to` elsw`r us`s

jto

to`s` f`tojds nl to` jl`

elsw`r (]erehrepos Tor`` eld Cjur), woni` to` Xrntnlh Tesk Jl` ]regtng` NS elsw`r us`s to`

s`gjld f`tojd.

Wj , wo`l wjrknlh jut to` tjpng pores`s cjr to` tr``-perehrepos,

try tj dnvnd`

to` tesk nltj twj (jr

p`roeps tor``) perts, eld

hrjup

to` dete, nc l`g`ssery, tj dj tons.

]ert Twj To` Wfeii ]ngtur` (Tr`lds,

`qu`lg`

Jrd`r)

]rìnf

nl

ery

X` ljw kljw tj us` tjpng pores`s, but, es usuei, kljwnlh tons eijl` dj`s ljt fèl nt ns èsy tj

wrnt` tr``-perehrepos. X` l``d tj wrnt` to`f sj toet eii to`nr perts cnt tjh`to`r wìi, jr nl jto`r

wjrds, gjo`r` jr sojw gjo`snjl .

X` dj tons wnto e vern`ty jc sfeii`r snhlpjst eld pjnlt`r

wjrds eld f`tojds, kljwl es gjo`snv` d`vng`s . To` N@ITW beld d`sgrnptjrs er` sp`gncng ebjut

tons . To` pubing v`rsnjl seys1

Y

/ r


35/42

Wtret`hn`s Xrntnlh esk

l`

@xtregt`d crjf to` gjfpi`t` N@ITW Xrntnlh Tesk Jl` Beld D`sgrnptjrs pubing v`rsnjl) .

. @x`rgns` 3

5. Xoet

ns

to` prjbi`f wnto to` cjiijwnlh tr``-perehrepo:

Es cjr Ljbi` ]erk, torjuhojut to` `ltnr` p`rnjd, to`nr prjcnt d`ginl`d stèdniy, pertnguieriy

nl

to` s`gjld quert`r, crjf aust jv`r 0= tj `ld et ebjut 5J ojw`v`r Deld`ljlh nl-

grès`d to` fjst.

2

Xoet ns to` prjbi`f wnto to` cjiijwnlh tr``-perehrepo:

Xnto r`sp`gt tj Wlezzi`,

nl

to` cnrst oeic

j

to` cnrst quert`r, nt

rns`s

cenriy stèdniy.

l

to`

s`gjld oeic, nt gjltnlu`s tj

nlgrès`. l

to` cnrst oeic jc to` s`gjld quert`r, nt

hrjws

hred-

ueiiy.

l

to` fnddi`

j

to` s`gjld quert`r, nt steys to` sef`.

l

to` s`gjld oeic jc to`

s`gjld quert`r, nt

r`fenls gjlstelt. l

to` tonrd quert`r, nt

steys stebi`.

Cjr sjf` fjr`

fjltos, nt

k``ps steynlh et to` sef` i`vì.

Lèr to` `ld jc to` tonrd quert`r, nt b`hnls tj

ceii.

l

to` cjurto quert`r, nt d`grès`s hredueiiy. To`l nt ceiis stèdniy ultni to` v`ry `ld jc

to` yèr.

7. Xoet ns fnssnlh crjf tons t`xt:

4. Xoet ns to` prjbi`f wnto to` cjiijwnlh tr``-perehrepo:

Cnrstiy to` prjcnt rns`s. Fjr`jv`r

nl

to` s`gjld quert`r, nt gjltnlu`s tj rns`.

Curto`rfjr`

nt steys to` sef`.

l eddntnjl nl

to` iest quert`r, nt ceiis.


36/42

0

Xoet

ns ewkwerd ebjut to` cjiijwnlh twj s`lt`lg`s:

E

Crjf 2==7 tj 2==8, to` pjiiutnjl nl ]jield cìi repndiy tj 5==. Nt to`l stey`d to`

sef` cjr tor`` yèrs. Nt oed e ierh` efjult

nl

2==7.

?. L`xt,

nl

to` cjurto quert`r, nt d`ginl`d tj e v`ry ijw pjnlt; ojw`v`r,

nl

to` cnrst

quert`r, nt wes onho.

3 Xongo

jc

to` cjiijwnlh s`lt`lg`s rèds b`tt`r eld fjr` sfjjtoiy:

E To` prjcnt nlgrès`s stèdniy crjf ebjut 3= tj >0 b`tw``l to` s`gjld eld cjurto

quert`rs cjr Deld`ljlh.

?.

B`tw``l to` s`gjld eld cjurto quert`rs , to` prjcnt cjr Deld`ljlh nlgrès`s

stèdniy crjf ebjut 3= tj >0.

Xoet ns to` prjbi`f wnto to` cjiijwnlh s`lt`lg`:

G.

To` prng` rjs` crjf >= tj >> crjf >0 tj >3.

Onlt

1

K``p to` Tjpng to`

Wef`

To` cnrst `xefpi` nl to` pr`vnjus `x`rgns` us`s to` tjpng pores`

Es

cjr Ljbi` ]erk, ... . Tons

fèls toet

to`

tjpng

fust stey

Ljbi` ]erk

. Nl to` iest

pert

jc

to`

s`lt`lg`,

to`

stud`lt oes

nltrjdug`d Deld`ljlh es to`

fenl

tjpng,

eld

tons fek`s to` jrhelnsetnjl ulgièr. Es Tnp 57 wnii

sey, nt ns g`rtenliy hjjd tj fek` gjfpernsjls by nltrjdugnlh jto`r suba`gts,

but

to`y fust ljt b`

nltrjdug`d nl e ièdnlh wey. To` perehrepo ns fugo gièr`r wrntt`l es1

Es

cjr

jbi` ]erk,

torjuhojut

to` `ltnr` p`rnjd,

to`nr

prjcnt d`ginl`d stèdniy,

pertnguieriy nl to` s`gjld quert`r, crjf aust jv`r 0= tj `ld et ebjut 5=,

wongo wes jliy

e t`lto jc Deld`ljlh s prjcnt

t

toet tnf`.

Ljw

w` oev`

e rìetnv` gieus` [hjjdV, eld to`

suba`gt

jc

to` gieus`

[ wongo V

ns

Ljbi` ]erk s

prjcnt, k``pnlh to` suba`gt to` sef` es toet nl to` tjpng pores` [hjjd ehenlV.

Onlt 21 Goulk to` Tesk Nt`f nltj eajr Tr`lds

Nl

@x`rgns`

53,

@xefpi`

2, to` stud`lt oes d`sgrnb`d

`v`rytonlh

nl d`teni -

tjj

fugo

d`teni ,

l``dnlh 5== wjrds. Tons ièds tj r`p`tntnv`

hreffer

eld wjrds, eld dj`s ljt

f``t

to`

tesk

r`qunr`f`lts

[ sufferns`

to` nlcjrfetnjl V. ^ju l``d tj brèk to` inl` nltj

feajr

tr`lds. Wj, . . .

Wlezzi` gjuid b` d`sgrnb`d crjf

... to`l

..

.

... to`l .. .

[5

st

[Fnd 2ld

[4

5

o

quert`rV.

tj

tj

Fnd 2ld quert`rV,

@ld-7 d quert`rV,

[

=

u

J


37/42

gjuid hnv` to` fugo b`tt`r eld gjlgns` (4=-wjrd) d`sgrnptnjl1

Xnto r`sp`gt tj Wlezzi`, crjf to` stert jc to` yèr tj to` fnddi` jc to` s`gjld quert`r,

nts sei`s hredueiiy rns`, r`fenlnlh i`vì cjr to` l`xt jl` eld e oeic quert`rs. To`l, cjr

to` r`st jc to` yèr, nt d`ginl`s .

. . . eiijwnlh to` `xtre 3= wjrds tj b` b`tt`r us`d cjr hnvnlh to` cjr`st-vn`w eld k`y cètur`s .

jjk et to` hrepo inl` nl Tnp 52 , @x`rgns` 24. Ojw wjuid yju brèk up toet hrepo inl`: To`

lsw`r ns

nl

to` elsw`r tj toet `x`rgns`.

Onlt

71 Ps`

Gjrr`gt) W`qu`lg`rs

l @x`rgns` 53 , @xefp

i`

7, woet ns fnssnlh er` sjf` s`qu`lg`rs - toet ns , wjrds toet put `v`lts

nl jrd`r jc tnf` Nl @xefpi` 4, to` wrnt`r oes us`d gjlaulgtnv` dv`rbs nlstèd jc s`qu`lg`rs.

[W`` eisj Tnp 0, @x`rgns` 4, ]ert GV. To` wjrds yju sojuid us` er` tnf` s`qu`lg`rs.

X` gel us` fely

v`rbs

tj sojw tnf` s`qu`lg` ( tj stert/b`hnl, tj gjltnlu`, tj `ld/cnlnso ). X`

gel eisj dj tons wnto sp`gncng pores`s. O`r` er` cnv` fjdìs.

5.

Et to` stert/b`hnllnlh, nl

sp`gncng

pjnlt

j

tnf`V*

5

,

W`qu`lg`r

cnrst s`gjld

2 Nl to` l`xt subs`qu`lt

7

4.

0.*2

cjiijwnlh

cnlei/iest

Tr`ld

[Wuba`gt

S`rbV

Nt ciugtuet`s cjr twj yèrs

W`q u`lg`r

Ect`r

N

[Ljul ]ores`V ,

règonlh e pèk

e sfeii dnp

sjf` ciugtuetnjls

e prjfnsnlh stert

[Wuba`gt + S`rb + Jba`gtV ,

To`r` ns e snhlncngelt hrjwto

h`l`rei

tnf` p`rnjdV ,

tor`` yèrs

W`qu`lg`r

. L`xt, . To`l,

. Cjiijwnlh tons,

. Ect`r toet,

, ect`r wongo

cjiijw`d by

b`cjr`

[Wuba`gt

S`rbV ...

L`xt Tr`ld

[Wuba`gt

S`rbV ...

nt b`hnls tj rns`

.

[Wuba`gt + S`rbV ...

[Ljul ]ores`V ...

e

p`rnjd

j

nlstebninty.


38/42

r

*

i R`f`fb`r toet to` stert/b`hnllnlh r`c`rs tj e sp`gncng stertnlh pjnlt prjbebiy eirèdy f`ltnjl`d nl to`

nltrjdugtnjl, sj r`pètnlh nt o`r` ns usueiiy ull`g`ssery. Eisj, to` Wuba`gt + S`rb wongo cjiijws hnv`s e

stertnlh cnhur` - cjr `xefpi`, to` prjcnt wes 20 [W`` eisj Tnp 5>, Nt`f >eV.

2

Tons hreffer strugtur` wjrks b`st wo`l to`r` ns el jba`gt ( hrjwto nl to` `xefpi`, onho pjnlt, pèk , jr

djwlturl ) nl to` cnrst tr`ld

tj

gjltrest wnto to` ljul pores` jc to` s`gjld tr`ld. N

B` ger`cui toet yju us` to`s` wjrds jliy wo`l to`r` er` `v`lts jr p`rnjds toet l``d

tj

b` put

l

jrd`r j tnf` - toet ns , wo`l cjiijwnlh to` _ exns. Ber eld pn` goerts fey ljt oev` e tnf` exns,

but nlstèd r`c`r

tj

sp`gncng yèrs. Nl to`s` ges`s, yju wnii ljt l``d to`s` s`qu`lg`rs [W`` Tnp

54,

@x`rgns` 72V.

Cnleiiy, nl @x`rgns` 53, @xefpi` 0, w` oev` twj s`qu`lg`rs [ to`l eld l`x

t V,

but to`

prjbi`f ns nl to` s`qu`lgnlh ntsìc. H`l`reiiy, d`sgrnb` to` hrepo nl

jrd`r

j

tnf`

(kljwl es

gorjljijhngei jrd`r ). Wtert crjf to` èrin`st pjnlt, eld hj torjuho tj to` cnlei pjnlt -

nc

yju dj

ljt

yjur elsw`r gel b`gjf` v`ry gjlcusnlh. Wj, W`lt`lg`

WE

sojuid b` wrntt`l es1

Nl

2==7, ]jield oed e ierh` efjult

jc

pjiiutnjl. Crjf tons pjnlt tj 2==8, to` cnhur` cìi

repndiy tj 5==, ect`r wongo nt stey`d to` sef` cjr tor`` yèrs.

Onlt

1

Jrd`r Nlcjrfetnjl

Nl @x`rgns`

53

, @xefpi`

3,

wo`l w` rèd W`lt`lg` E, w` b`hel

tj

cjiijw to` d`sgrnptnjl

jc

e V

tr`ld. Ojw`v`r, yju prjbebiy b`hel wjld`rnlh

wongo jc

to` cjjtbeii giubs tons tr`ld eppin`d tj.

To` elsw`r wes ljt hnv`l ultni to` `ld

jc

to` s`lt`lg`, eld tons gel b` gjlcusnlh.

Nl W`lt`lg` B, to` tnf` p`rnjd eld to` cuii suba`gt er` hnv`l cnrst, eld tons ns b`tt`r b`geus`

5. to`s` er` to` fjst nfpjrtelt pn`g`s jc nlcjrfetnjl, b`st hnv`l et to` b`hnllnlh jc to`

s`lt`lg`;

2. tons tnf` p`rnjd ns s`peret`d crjf to` ^ dete (wongo ns et to` `ld), tous evjndnlh e

gjlcusnlh cnlnso ink` to` jl` sojwl nl @xefpi` 3, W`lt`lg` G.

Es e h`l`rei rui`, nl jrd`r tj oev` to` gièr`st elsw`r, hnv` nlcjrfetnjl nl to` cjiijwnlh jrd`r1

`qu`lg`rV, [Tnf`MrnjdA,GtrA [X`ld

V.

[6

W])^TV c

N^ju gel r`f`fb`r tons by to` wjrd (W])^T , prjljulg`d spnt . Aust tonlk ebjut ojw yju

wjuid rèiiy ink`

tj

spnt jl to` qu`stnjl. To` s`qu`lg`r eld to` tnf` p`rnjd er` jct`l wrntt`l es

jl`. Cjr `xefpi`1

Nl to` cnrst

cnv` yèrs

o 7 . ] r . g 1 < c n ~ nlgrès`d.


39/42

E hrjup

jc

s`lt`lg`s cjiijwnlh to` (W])^T jrd`r rèds v`ry gièriy. Cjr `xefpi`1

l to`

cnrst

jl` eld e o ic quert`rs ~ n i i ~ h ~ p r ) c n ~ d`grès`s crjf 0= tj ebjut 5=.

Ojw`v`r, to`l crjf tons pjnlt tj to` `ld jc to` tonrd quert`r

t ~

pr )cnt nlgrès`s

substeltneiiy tj eifjst 5==, wongo ns to` onho`st egon`v`d.

Ect`r

toet ~ ~ : c n h i a ~ ~ sojws

lj

goelh`.

Ojw`v`r, nt ns usueiiy b`tt`r tj ljt brèk up e ]r`pjsntnjl + Ljul pores` (cjr `xefpi`1

cj iijw`d

by

e

ceii , b`cjr`

e sfeii

nlgrès` ,

eld

ect`r sjf`.ciugtuetnjls ).

Nl tons ges`, to`

tnf` p`rnjd ns fjr` letureiiy wrntt`l et to` `ld (reto`r toel to` b`hnllnlh).

Ect`r rnsnlh

stèdniy

cjr e yèr to`

prjcnt `xp`rn`lg`d

e

tor`` fjlto

p`rnjd jc

nlstebninty, cjiijw`d by e ceii

l

to` iest twj yèrs.

Wnfn ieriy, pertngnpnei pores`s er` b`st ljt s`peret`d crjf to` fenl gieus` [W`` Tnp 52, ]ert

W`v`lV. Ljtng` eisj toet

nl

to` pr`vnjus W]^T s`lt`lg`s, N

vern`d

to` ièdnlh ljul, crjf Inl`

G s prjcnt tj to` prjcnt eld to`l tj to` cnhur` . N eisj vern`d to` hreffer nl to` tonrd s`lt`lg`,

gjfper`d tj to` cnrst twj. Tons ns v`ry nfpjrtelt eld ièds us tj to` l`xt twj tnps. Trevì jl, but

cnrst

dj

to` l`xt `x`rgns` .

.

t @x`rgns` 58

]ert

l`

R`wrnt` to` cjiijwnlh perehrepo usnlh to` (W])^T jrd`r, nl ijhngei tnf` jrd`r, eld usnlh

s`qu`lg`rs es r`qunr`d.

]ert Twj

O`r` ns e d`sgrnptnjl

jc

jur

G

ojgjiet` Bers inl` hrepo nl Tnp

>

]ert Jl`, @x`rgns`

54.

Cnii

nl

to` heps usnlh to` gjrr`gt tjpng pores`s jr s`qu`lg`rs.

tj to` ijw`st pjnlt. l to`

stèdy rns`.

, to` lufb`r r`fenls gjlstelt cjr eifjst tor`` quert`rs ,

to`r` jggurs e sinhot rns`.

, nl to`

tonrd jc to` yèr, sei`s ceii

c`w fjltos, to`y `xp`rn`lg` e prjljulg`d eld

, to`r` ns e p`rnjd jc stebninty.


40/42

jl` eld e oeic quert`rs.

, to` lufb`r sjid rns`s

si nhotiy

nl to`

, to`r` ns e cjur-fjlto p`rnjd jc

stebninty,

e snhlncngelt ceii.

]ert Tor``

Gjll`gt to` i`ct pn`g`s wnto to` rnhot jl`s tj fek` ijhngeiiy eld hreffetngeiiy gjrr`gt s`lt`lg`

s.

5.

Ect`r el ulprjfnsnlh stert,

E.

Cjiijwnlh tons, to`r` w`r` ciugtuetnjls.

2. t

to` b`hnll

nl

h

B. cjiijw`d by e p`rnjd jc stebninty.

7.

To` prjcnt rjs` substeltneiiy.

G.

to` prjcnt rns`s repndiy.

4.

To`r` ns e substeltnei rns` ,

D.

to` prjcnt ns 0=.

0. To` sei`s `xp`rn`lg`d e snhlncngelt ceii ,

@. to` cnhur` r`fenls to` sef`.

3.

Crjf =2 tj =0, nt nlgrès`d stèdniy tj 40, C. ect`r wongo , nt rjs` by cnv` ulnts .

8.

Nl

to` iest d`ged`, H.

et wongo pjnlt nt stebnins`d.

To` elsw`rs tj ]erts Jl` tj Tor`` er` sojwl nl Epp`ldnx 4.

]ert jur

Ijjk et jur cjjtbeii giubs elsw`r nl ]ert Twj jc Tnp

8.

Tons elsw`r l``ds e cjr`st-vn`w, wongo

w` wrjt` nl toet tnp. Ojw`v`r, to` tr``-vn`w perehrepo ns e dnsjrhelns`d f`ss.

Nt

l``ds tj b` brjk`l up eld r`jrhelns`d wnto gjlsnst`lt tjpngs, nltrjdug`d by tjpng pores`s, es

w` oev` dnsguss`d nl tons tnp.

5.

]ut

nl

to` cjr`st-vn`w

nl

to` r`gjff`ld`d pjsntnjl .

2.

X` kljw nt ns b`st tj dnvnd` to` tr``s nltj twj jr tor``) tr``-perehrepos. X` oev` tor

hrepo inl`s, sj w` gel p`roeps r`jrhelns` to` tr``-vn`ws nltj tor`` perehrepos, ègo

jl` ijjknlh et e cjjtbeii giub.

7. Nltrjdug` to` suba`gt jc to`s` perehrepos wnto e tjpng pores` .

X`

wnii eppiy to` (W])^T rui` iet`r. To` elsw`r ns sojwl nl Tnp

55

@x`rgns` 22.

@

=

u

U

IELTS Task 1 Tips (P2)

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