ghujpjhrd; gy;fiyf;fofk;: jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp-24

njhiyf; fy;tp ikak; KJfiyj; jkpo;

(2009-2010-Mk; fy;tpahz;L Kjy; Nru;f;fg;gLk; khztu;fSf;FupaJ)

tUlk; jhs; kjpg;ngz;fs; Kjy; jhs;-1 ,f;fhy ,yf;fpak; 100 jhs;-2 ,ilf;fhy ,yf;fpak; 100 jhs;-3 njhy;fhg;gpak; (vOj;J-,sk;G+uzk;) 100 jhs;-4 fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak; 100 jhs;-5 ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs; 100 jhs;-6 njhy;fhg;gpak; (nrhy;-Nrdhtiuau;) 100 jhs;-7 kf;fs; jfty; njhlu;gpay; 100 ,uz;L jhs;-8 gz;ila ,yf;fpak; 100 jhs;-9 njhy;fhg;gpak; (nghUs;-,sk;G+uzk;) 100 jhs;-10 xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs; 100 jhs;-11 ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T 100 jhs;-12 tpUg;gg; ghlk; jhs;-1 100 jhs;-13 tpUg;gg; ghlk; jhs;-2 100 jhs;-14 tpUg;gg; ghlk; jhs;-3 100 jhs;-15 nghJ nkhopapay; 100 tpUg;gg; ghlq;fshfg; gpd;tUk; MW jhs;fs;; itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. khztu;fs; vitNaDk; %d;W jhs;fisj; njupT nra;J nfhs;syhk;. jhs; : 1. jkpo;f; fzpdpapay; 2. ,jopay; 3. ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; 4. mwptpay; jkpo; 5. Nfhapw; fiyfs; 6. jw;fhyj; jkpopyf;fpa tuyhW

2

jhs; -1 ,f;fhy ,yf;fpak; Nehf;fk;: khztu;fspilNa etPd ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gbj;Jr; Ritf;Fk;

kdg;ghd;ikia tsu;g;gJk; mtu;fspilNa cs;s gilg;ghw;wiyj; J}z;LtJk;

MFk;.

gapw;Wtpf;Fk; Kiw: ghl E}y;fis tuptupahfg; gbf;fhky; jpwdha;T Nehf;fpy;

gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; tpthjpj;jy;- khztu;fisAk; tpthjpf;fr; nra;jy;.

myF-1 1. ghQ;rhyp rgjk; ghujpahu;

2. FLk;g tpsf;F ghujpjhrd;

3. khq;fdp fz;zjhrd;

myF-2 1. jz;zPu; Njrk; ituKj;J

2. Mfhaj;Jf;F mLj;j tPL K. Nkj;jh

myF-3 1. fs;Nsh fhtpaNkh K.tujuhrd;

2. rpWfijfs; (10) GJikg; gpj;jd;;

GJikg;gpj;jd; fijfs; KOj;njhFg;G

gjpg;ghrphpah;: M.,uh. Ntq;flhrygjp

fhyr;RtL gjpg;gfk; ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G [{d; 2001

1. ‘njUtpsf;F’ (gf;: 129)

2. ‘xU ehs; fope;jJ’ (gf;: 375)

3. ‘rpw;gpapd; eufk;’ (gf;: 325)

4. ‘nry;yk;khs;’ (gf;: 517)

5. ‘fhQ;rid’ (gf;: 507)

6. ‘kdpj ae;jpuk;’ (gf; 392)

7. ‘,J kp\pd; Afk;’ (gf;: 111)

8. ‘ed;ik gaf;Fnkdpd; (gf;: 143)

9. ‘fbjk;’ (gf;: 136)

10. ‘flTSk; fe;jrhkpg;gps;isAk; (gf;: 559)

myF-4 kNdhd;kzpak;

(fUzhfud;-epl;lhjud; ciuahly; ePq;fyhf)

3

myF-5 1. FwNshtpak; fiyQu;. K.

fUzhepjp

mjpfhuk;-7 - kf;fl;NgW - ghly; 66

mjpfhuk;-10 - ,dpait$wy; - ghly; 100

mjpfhuk;-20- gadpynrhy;yhik - ghly; 196

mjpfhuk;-67- tpidjpl;gk; - ghly; 664

mjpfhuk;-80 – el;ghuha;jy; - ghly; 799

mjpfhuk;-118 – fz;tpJg;gopjy; - ghly; 1176

mjpfhuk;-120 – jdpglh;kpFjp - ghly; 1200

2. t. Rg. khzpf;fk; fk;gu;

3. cq;fs; jkpioj; njupe;J nfhs;Sq;fs; jkpoz;zy;

4

jhs; 2 - ,ilf;fhy ,yf;fpak;

Nehf;fk;: jkpoh;fspd; ,ilf;fhy ,yf;fpar; nry;tq;fis khzth;fs; mwpe;J

Nghw;wy;> Muha;e;J kfpo;jy;> ,yf;fpa kuGfis ,dk; fhzr; nra;jy; Mfpad.

gapw;Wtpf;Fk;Kiw: kuGtop mZFKiwAk;> khzth;fspd; Ma;thw;wiyj;

J}z;Lk; tifapy; GJtif mZFKiwfisAk; ifahSjy;

myF 1 : jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; ,uz;lhk; jpUKiw – jpUePw;Wg;gjpfk; ‘ke;jpukhtJ

ePW thdth;NkyJ ePW’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; Kjy; 11 ghly;fs;.

jpUehTf;furh; - ehd;fhk; jpUKiw jpUth&h;g; gjpfk; - ‘nka;nayhk;

ntz;zPW rz;zpj;j Nkdpahd;’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; Kjy; 10

ghly;fs;.

Re;juh; Vohk; jpUKiw – jpUg;GfY}h;g; gjpfk; - ‘jk;ikNa Gfo;e;J

,r;ir NgrpDk;’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; Kjy; 11 ghly;fs;.

myF 2 : khzpf;fthrfh;- vl;lhk; jpUKiw

Fapy; gj;J – ‘fPjk; ,dpa FapNy’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; Kjy; 10

ghly;fs;.

Fioj;jgj;J – ‘Fioj;jhy; gz;ilf; nfhLtpid Neha;’ vdj;

njhlq;Fk; ghly; Kjy; 10 ghly;fs;

fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahh; - gjpNdhuhk; jpUKiw – mw;Gjj; jpUte;jhjp

‘gpwe;J nkhop gapd;w gpd;ndy;yhk; fhjy;;’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;

Kjy; 20 ghly;fs; tiu.

myF 3 : Mz;lhs; - jpUg;ghit – KOtJk;

ek;kho;thh; - jpUtha;nkhop – Vohk;gj;J – ‘fq;FYk;gfYk;

fz;Japywpahs;’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; Kjy; 11 ghly;fs;.

jpUkq;ifaho;thh; - nghpajpUnkhop – jpUnts;spaq;Fb ghRuk;.

‘Ma;r;rpah; miog;g ntz;nza; cz;L> xUfhy; My; ,iy tsh;e;j

vk; ngUkhd;’ vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghRuk; - 10 ghly;fs;

myF 4 : jpUf;Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp myF 5 : Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpo; - xt;nthU gUtj;jpYk; Kjy; 3 ghly;fs;

5

jhs; - 3 - njhy;fhg;gpak; - vOj;jjpfhuk; (,sk;g+uzk;) Nehf;fk;: ,yf;fpaq;fis mwptjw;F chpa mwptpay; fUtpahfpa

njhy;fhg;gpaj;ij KOikahf mwpar; nra;jy;.

vOJjy;> NgRjy;> gilj;jy; Mfpa %d;W epiyfspYk; gpio ePf;fj;jpw;F top tFj;jy; - nrhy;ypyf;fz kuGfis mwptpj;jy;

tpdhj;jhs; mikg;GKiw: khzth;fspd; epidthw;wiy kpfTk; Nrhjpg;gjhf

tpdhf;fs; ciufspd; cl;GFe;J mikjy; Ntz;lh. gapw;Wtpf;Fk; Kiw:: E}w;gh> ciutpsf;fk;> rhd;Wfs; vd;w Kiwapy;

er;rpdhh;fpdpah; ciutopf; fw;gpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. myF-1 ghapuk;> E}d;kuG> nkhopkuG myF-2 gpwg;gpay;> Gzhpay; myF-3 cUgpay;> njhifkuG myF-4 caph;kaq;fpay;> Gs;sp kaq;fpay; myF-5 Fw;wpaYfug; Gzhpay; - vOj;jpyf;fzf; Nfhl;ghLfs;> ntspg;ghl;L

cj;jp Kiwfs;.

6

jhs;: 4 - fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;

Nehf;fk;: kpfr; rpwe;j rpy fhg;gpaq;fis MokhfTk; mfykhfTk; khztu;

mwpe;J Nghw;wr; nra;jy;

gapw;Wtpf;Fk; Kiw: jz;bayq;fhug; ngUq;fhg;gpa ,yf;fz mwpKfk;-gy;NtW

Nfhl;ghLfis czu;j;jpj; jkpo;f; fhg;gpaq;fisf; fw;gpj;jy;

myF-1 rpyk;G –Gfhu;f;fhz;lk; > kzpNkfiy 11-15 fhijfs;

myF-2 rPtf rpe;jhkzp : Fzkhiyahu; ,yk;gfk;

ngUq;fij : KfntOj;Jf; fhij> kzk;;gLfhij

myF-3 fk;guhkhazk; : Fk;gfu;zd; tijg;glyk;

ngupaGuhzk; : ,isahd;Fb khwehadhu; Guhzk;

myF-4 jpUtpisahlw;Guhzk;: tpwFtpw;w glyk;

tpy;yp ghujk; : J}Jr; rUf;fk;

myF-5. VR fhtpak; : kiyg;nghopT (fz;zjhrd;)

rPwhg;Guhzk;- khDf;Fg; gpizepd;w glyk;

7

jhs; 5 - ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs;

Xh; ,yf;fpag; gilg;gpy; Mo-mfy ghpkhzq;fis Kw;wpYk; mwpa

mg;gilg;ghf;fk; gw;wpa nfhs;iffis mwpjy; mtrpak;. mt;tifapy; gy;NtW

,yf;fpa tbtq;fs; gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfis khzth;fs; mwpAkhW nra;jy;

gapw;Wtpf;Fk; Kiw:: jkpopay; kuG rhh;e;j ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs;> Nkiy

,yf;fpaj; jhf;fj;jhy; cUthd ,yf;fpa tbtq;fspd; mikg;G moF

Nghd;wtw;wpy; fpilf;Fk.; jkpo; - Mq;fpy E}y;fspd; cjtp nfhz;L gapw;Wtpj;jy;

myF: 1 ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs; vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;-,yf;fpa tuyhW>

,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;T> ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs; ,k;%d;wd; cwTk; njhlu;Gk;>

,yf;fpaj;jpd; mbg;gilf; $Wfs;: czu;r;rp> tbtk;> fw;gid Nghy;td.

njhy;fhg;gpaupd; ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs;-mfk;> Gwk;> jpiz> FiwghLfs;>

cs;Siw> ,iwr;rp> Nehf;F> nka;g;ghL

myF-2 fhg;gpa ,yf;fzk;-ngUq;fhg;gpak;-Nkiy> fPio ehl;Lf; fhg;gpa kuGfs;-

fhg;gpa khe;ju;fs;-%yf;fijfSk; fpisf;fijfSk;;

myF-3 gf;jpg;ghly;fs;- ghLnghUs;- gf;jpg; ghly;fspd; gy;NtW tbtq;fs;:

jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rp> ghit> me;jhjp> jhz;lfk;> Nghy;td. Guhzq;fs; Njhd;wpa

r%fr; #oy; Guhzq;fs; vd;gjd; nghUs;> Guhz mikg;G> kPtpaw;if

epfo;r;rpfSk; Guhzq;fSk;.

myF-4 ehtYk; rpWfijAk;-,tw;wpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;fhd r%fr; #oy;fs;-

fijg;gpd;dy; tiffs;-ghj;jpug; gilg;G-ghj;jpug; Ngr;R- gpd;dzpAk; #oYk;-

vLj;Jiug; gpd;dzp-Nehf;Fepiy-Gidfijg; gilg;gpy; GJik cj;jpfs;-ehlfk;-

Itif re;jpfs;-ehlf tiffs; Xuq;f ehlfk;> KOePs ehlfk;-Nrhjid

ehlfk;-thndhyp kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fs;

myF-5 kuGf; ftpijfs;-fijg;ghly;fs;-FWq;fhg;gpaq;fs;-fhg;gpak;-JZf;Ffs;-

GJf;ftpijapd; tbtq;fs;-gbkk;> FwpaPL Nghd;w cj;jpfs;> njhd;k Ml;rp>

gy;NtW ,yf;fpaq;fspd; ghjpg;Gfs;-ciueil –ciueil tiffs;-

ciueilapd; mzpeyd;fs;.

8

ghh;it E}y;fs;

1. jkpo;f;fhjy; - t.Rg. khzpf;fk;

2. jkpopy; fhg;gpaf; nfhs;if – J.rPdpr;rhkp

3. ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;tpay; - Qhd%h;j;jp> jh. V

4. ehty; ,yf;fpak; - kh. ,uhkypq;fk;

5. Gjpa ciueil - kh. ,uhkypq;fk;

6. ,yf;fpaf;nfhs;iffs; - cyfj;jkpohuha;r;rp epWtd ntspaPLfs;

7. gf;jp ,yf;fpak; - g. mUzhryk;

8. gd;dpUjpUKiw tuyhW – f. nts;isthuzk;

9. fhg;gpaj;jkpo; - ,uh. fhrpuhrd;

10. cyff;fhg;gpaq;fs; - ,uh. fhrpuhrd;

11. xg;gpyf;fpa Nehf;fpy; rq;f fhyk; - fjph; kfhNjtd;

12. GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk – ty;ypf;fz;zd;

13. njhd;kk; - fjph; kfhNjtd;

9

jhs; - 6 – njhy;fhg;gpak; - nrhy;yjpfhuk; (Nrdhtiuak;) Nehf;fk;: nrhy;ypyf;fz kuGfisAk;> gy;NtW njhluikg;GfisAk; khzth;fs;

czUkhW mwptpj;jy;. gapw;Wtpf;Fk; Kiw: E}w;gh> ciutpsf;fk;> rhd;Wfs; vd;w Kiwapy; Nrdhtiuah; ciutopf; fw;gpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

tpdhj;jhs;: tpdhf;fs; ciufspd; cl;GFe;J mikf;f Ntz;lh. myF–1 – fpstpahf;fk; myF–2 – Ntw;Wikapay;> Ntw;Wik kaq;fpay;> tpspkuG myF–3 – ngahpay;> tpidapay; myF–4 - ,ilapay; - chpapay; myF-5 – vr;rtpay;.

10

jhs; 7 - kf;fs; jfty; njhlu;gpay;

Nehf;fk;: jkpo; nkhoptsh;r;rpapy; GjpaNjhh; Jiwia mwpKfk; nra;jYk;>

mwptpay; tsh;r;rpia kf;fs; nkhoptop czUk; tif nra;jYk;> cyf xw;Wik>

xUikg;ghl;Lzh;it cUthf;Fk; rhjdj;ijg; gad;gLj;jYk;> r%f

Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; khztiug; gq;Fngwr; nra;jYk; fij> fl;Liu> JZf;F> ghly;

Mfpa cUthf;fj; Jiwfspy; J}z;LjYk; MFk;.

gapw;Wtpf;Fk; Kiw: fpl;Lk; jkpo; Mq;fpy E}y;fs;> elg;gpay; rhh;e;j nra;jpfs;

Kjypatw;iwf; nfhz;L tpsf;Fjy;

myF-1 kf;fs; jfty; njhlu;gpay; vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;-jftypay;-jftypay;

fUtpfspd; ghFghLfs;> kuGtop> mr;R top> kpd;topf; fUtpfs;-kf;fs;njhlu;G

mYtyu;> mtu;jk; gzpfs;> kf;fs; fUj;J

myF-2 ,e;jpa ,jopay; tuyhW-,jo;fspd; nghWg;Gfs;> rKjha Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy;

,jo;fspd; gq;F> mjd; newpKiwfs;-,jo;fs; njhlq;FKd; vLf;f Ntz;ba

eltbf;iffs;- ,jo;fspd; epu;thfk;-Mrpupau; gFjp> tzpfg;gFjp> ve;jpug;gFjp

Mfpatw;wpd; gzpfs;

myF-3 thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp tuyhW> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp mikg;Gfs;-

gy;NtW tifahd xypgug;Gfs;-xsp gug;Gfs;> nraw;iff; Nfhs;fs;-jdpahu;

njhiyf;fhl;rpfspd; guty;- thndhyp Rje;jpuk;-g;urhu; ghujp kNrhjh-kf;fs;

njhlu;G mYtyupd; gzpfs;- njhiyf;fhl;rpr; nra;jpfs;

myF-4 ,e;jpahtpy; jpiug;glj; Njhw;wk;- tsu;r;rp –tuyhW –jd;ikfs;-

r%fj;jpy; Vw;gLj;Jk; jhf;fk;-,d;iwa jkpo;j; jpiug;glj;jpd; Nghf;F- jpiug;glr;

rq;fq;fs;- fiyg;glq;fs;-kj;jpa khepy muRfSk;-jpiug;gl tsu;r;rpAk;-

jpiug;glj; jzpf;iffSk;

myF-5 jfty; njhlu;gpaypy; mwptpay; njhopy;El;gk; -gad;gLk; fUtpfs;-

FWtl;L-fzpg;nghwp-,izak;> Ng[u;- nraw;iff; Nfhs;-njhiytup mr;R-

njhlu;gpaypYk; ,jopaypYk; fzpdpapd; gad;fs;-Nfgps;-njhlu;gpay; rhjdq;fSk;

kf;fs; fUj;Jk;.

11

ghh;it E}y;fs;

1. Nfhjz;lghzp ,uh. ,jopay; fw;gf E}yfk; kJiu 1980

2. nry;iyah vk;.nra;jpfs;> godpag;gh gpujh;]; jpUr;rp 1975

3. rk;ge;jd; kh.R. mr;Rf;fiy> jkpoh; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 1875

4. ,sq;Nfhtd; kh.uh.. ,e;jpa ,jo;fs;> Nrfh; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id 1982

5. KDrhkpehAL rp.tp. mr;Rj;njhopy; ir.rp.E}.g.fofk; nrd;id 1985

6. nt.fpUl;bzrhkp> jfty; njhlh;gpay;> kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk; nrd;id – 1

7. M.gp.me;Njhzp,uhR> ,jopay; Xh; mwpKfk;> MNuhf;fpak; gjpg;gfk;>

ciwêh;> jpUr;rp– 3

8. m.Myp];> kf;fs; jfty; njhlh;gpay; fiyr;nrhy; mfuhjp> kJkjp

ntspaPL>jpUr;rp 21

9. Nfh.nrytk;> cq;fs; thndhyp

10. nt. ey;yjk;gp> njhiyf;fhl;rp

11. ng. RghR re;jpuNghR> juTk;> jftYk;> Rghypfh> jpUr;rp – 17

12. Ahuja, E.N. Theory and Practice of Journalism, Surjeet Publications, Delhi 1984

13. Krishnamurthy, Nadic, Indian Journalism, University of Mysore, 1966

14. Venkataramiah, E.S. Freedom of Press, B.R. Publishing Cor. Delhi 1987

15. Metha, D.S.. Mass Communication and Journalism in India, Allied Publishers

Pvt., Ltd., Delhi 1980

16. lhf;lh; m. rhe;jh> lhflh; tP.Nkhfd; (gjpg; Mrp) kf;fs; Clfj;njhlh;gpay;

mbg;gilfs;> kPbah gg;spNf~d;]; 52 tPuKj;J fhh;ld>; =efh; (tprhyk;)>

Mizêh; (mQry;) kJiu 625 077

17. lhf;lh; m. rhe;jh> lhf;lh; tP. Nkhfd; (gjpg;. Mrp.) kf;fs;

Clfj;njhlh;gpay; Gjpa

ghpkhzq;fs;> kPbah g g;spNf~d;]; 52 tPuKj;J fhh;ld;> =; efh; (tprhyk;)>

Mizêh; (mQry;) kJiu 625 077

jhs; 8 - gz;ila ,yf;fpak;

12

Nehf;fk;: ek; gz;ila ,yf;fpag; ngUikiaAk; ghuhk;ghpaj;ijAk; khzhf;fh;

epidT $Wk; tifapy; nra;jy;> gz;ila ,yf;fpaf;fy;tpapy; Moq;fhw;gl;l

Gyikia cUthf;Fjy;

gapw;Wtpf;Fk;Kiw: nghUs;$wy;> kuGg; gpd;dzpapy; tpsf;Fjy;> ,yf;fz>

,yf;fpa jpl;gEl;gq;fisf; fhl;Ljy;> xg;Gik fhzy; Kjypad.

myF-1 GwehD}W fgpyu; ghly;fs; 23 ghly;fs;

gjpw;Wg;gj;J-Ie;jhk; gj;J

myF-2 mfehD}W epj;jpyf;Nfhit -10 ghly;fs;

Iq;FWE}W nea;jy; -30 ghly;fs;

myF-3 ew;wpiz: FwpQ;rpj; jpiz: 1>36> 206> 228>379: Ky;iyj; jpiz:

21>59>139>221>371: kUjj;

jpiz> 40> 50> 70> 216> 310> nea;jy; jpiz> 4>54>149>172>358: ghiyj;

jpiz: 10>14>29>

284> 384

FWe;njhif –Kjy; 25 ghly;fs; (1-25)

myF-4 gj;Jg;ghl;L –rpWghzhw;Wg;gil

fypj;njhif (ghiyf;fyp 2>11: FwpQ;rpf;fyp 38>56: kUjf;fyp 86>89:

Ky;iyf;fyp 108>110>

nea;jy; fyp 118> 139

myF-5 jpUf;Fws; el;G-5 el;G> el;G Muha;jy;> jP el;G> $lh el;G> goik

fy;tp-5 ,iwkhl;rp> fy;tp> Nfs;tp> fy;yhik> mwpTilik

,dpait ehw;gJ

fypj;njhif fof ntspaPL %d;whk; gjpg;G nrg;. 1999

t.vz; ghly; vz; Kjw;Fwpg;G

ghiyf;fyp

1 2 njhlq;fw;fz; Njhd;wpa ………

2 11 mhpjha mwnda;jp ………..

FwpQ;rpf;fyp

3. 38 ,ikatpy; thq;fpa . . . . .

4. 51 Rlh;j;njhB, Nfsha; . . . . .

kUjf;fyp

13

5. 86 ikgL nrd;dp . . . .

6. 89 ahhptd; vd; $e;jy; . . . .

Ky;iyf;fyp

7 108 ,fy;Nte;jd;Nrid

,Wj;jtha;Nghy . .

8. 110 fbnfhs; ,Uq;fhg;gpy; . . . .

nea;jw;fyp

9. 118 nty;Gfo; kd;dtd; tpsq;fpa

xOf;fj;jjhy;

10. 139 rhd;wtph; thopNah . . . .

ew;wpiz

t.vz; ghly; vz; Mrphpah; ghl;LKjw;Fwpg;G

1. 1 fgpyh; epd;wnrhy;yh; ePLNjhd;wpdpah;

2. 36 rPj;jiyr;rhj;jdhh; FWq;if ,Uk;Gyp

3. 206 IA+h; Kltdhh; Ja;j;jiyg; Gdpw;Wf;

Fuy;

4. 228 Klj;jpUkhwdhh; vd;nddg;gLNkh Njhop

5. 379 Flthapw;fPh;j;jdhh; Gd;jiy ke;jpf;fy;yh td;gwo;

Ky;iyj;jpiz

6. 21 kUjdpsehfdhh; tpiug;ghp tUe;jpa

7. 59 fgpyh; cLk;G nfhhP, thpEzy;

8. 139 ngUq;nfsrpfdhh; cyfpw;F mzpahf

9. 221 ,sNtl;ldhh; kzpfz;ld;d khepwf;

10. 371 xsitahh; fhahq;Fd;wj;J kUjj;jpiz

11. 40 Nfhz;khneLq;Nfhl;ldhh; neLeh xz;kzp

12. 50 kUjk;ghba ,sq;fLq;Nfh mwpahikapd;

md;id

13. 70 nts;sptPjpahh; rpWnts;shq; FUNf

14. 216 kJiu kUjdps ehfdhh; Jsp$h; $l;lnkhL

15. 310 guzh; tpsf;fpd; md;d Rlh;tpL jhkiu

nea;jw;fyp

14

16. 4 mk;%tdhh; fhdy;mk; rpWFb

17. 54 Nre;jq;fz;zdhh; tisePh; Nka;e;J

18. 149 cNyhr;rdhh; rpyUk; gyUk; filf;fz;

19. 172 ngah;njhpahg;Gyth; tpisahL MankhL

20 358 ef;fPuh; ngUe;Njhs; nefpo

ghiyf;fyp

21. 10 ngah;njhpahg;Gyth; mz;zhe;J Ve;jpa

22. 14 kh%ydhh; njhy;ftpd; njhiya

23. 29 G+jdhh; epd;w Ntdpy; cte;j

fhe;js;

24. 284 Nja;Ghpg;goq;fapw;wpdhh; Gwe;jho;G,Uz;l $e;jy;

25. 384 ghiy ghba ngUq;fLq;Nfh tz;Gwg; Gwtpd;

jhs; - 9 – njhy;fhg;gpak; - nghUsjpfhuk; (,sk;G+uzk;);

15

Nehf;fk;: njhy;fhg;gpahpd; nghUspay; Nfhl;ghLfs; - gpw;fhy mfk;> Gwk;> mzp>cs;spl;ld tsh;r;rpailaj; njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUsjpfhuk; Kd;Ndhbahf tpsq;fpa jpwk; - ,yf;fpaf; fy;tpf;Fg; nghUsjpfhuj;jpd; gq;fspg;G – Mfpatw;iw mwpar; nra;jy;. myF–1 – mfj;jpizapay; - Gwj;jpizapay; myF–2 – fstpay; - fw;gpay; myF–3 – nka;g;ghl;bay;> ctktpay; myF–4 – nghUspay;> kugpay; myF-5 – nra;Aspay;. ghh;it E}y;fs;:

1. njhy;fhg;gpak; jkpopyf;fpa tuyhW> f. nts;isthuzk;> mz;zhkiyg; gy;fiyf;fof ntspaPL.

2. njhy;fhg;gpa Muha;r;rp – rp. ,yf;Ftdhh;. 3. jkpo;f;fhjy; - t.Rg. khzpf;fk; 4. njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUsjpfhu Muha;r;rp – K. ,uhfitaq;fhh; -

khdhkJiu. 5. njhy;fhg;gpak; Gwj;jpizf; Nfhl;ghLfs; - tpj;Jthd; eh. ,uhikahgps;is.

** E}w;gh tpsf;fk;> rhd;W Mfpatw;iwAk; ghh;itE}y; nra;jpfSld; ,izj;Jf;

fw;gpj;J> Ma;T mZFKiwia (Research Orientation) khzth;fsplk;

tsh;f;Fk; mbg;gilapy; gapw;Wtpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

jhs; 10 xg;gpyf;fpak;

(candidates admitted from the academic year 2007 -2008 onwards)

Nehf;fk;: xg;gpay; ,yf;fpa Ma;tpd; %yk; cyf xUikg;ghL Nehf;fp

khzth;fspd; rpe;jidiaj; jpUg;Gjy;> jha; nkhopastpy; khzth;fspd; rpe;jid

Njq;fptplhky;> gpw cyf ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; Muha;jy;

gapw;Wtpf;Fk; Kiw: xg;Gik> NtWghL> nry;thf;F> jhf;fk; Nghd;wtw;iw

vLj;Jf;fhl;Ljy;

myF-1 xg;gpyf;fpak; vd;w njhlupd; nghUs; tpsf;fk;- -xg;gpyf;fpaj;jpd; gz;Gk;

gaDk;- %tif ,yf;fpak; (Njrpa ,yf;fpak;> cyf ,yf;fpak;> nghJ

16

,yf;fpak;) gpnuQ;R xg;gha;T Kiw> mnkupf;f xg;gha;T Kiw-jkpo;ehl;bd;

xg;gpyf;fpa Ma;Tfs;;

myF-2 jhf;ff; nfhs;ifAk; Vw;wy; nfhs;iffSk;-Nghyr; nra;jy;> jOty;>

nkhopngau;g;G- nkhopngau;g;G tiffs;-nkhopngau;g;ghsu; jFjpfs;>

nkhopngau;g;Gf; Nfhl;ghLfs;

myF-3 nrk;nkhop-nrk;nkhopj; jFjpf; $Wfs;-,e;jpar; nrk;nkhop-rk];fpUjk;>

jkpo;-cyfr;nrk;nkhopfs;- P̀g;U> fpNuf;fk;> vfpg;jpak;> ,yj;jPd;> rPdk; -mwpKfk;

myF-4 rq;fg; ghly;fSk; tPuAfg; ghly;fSk;-rq;fg; ghly;fSk; fpNuf;fj;

jd;Dzu;r;rpg; ghly;fSk;- jpUf;FwSk; cyf mw ,yf;fpaq;fSk; (Fwpg;ghf

tlnkhop> ,yj;jPd;> rPd mwE}y;fs;)> ePjp E}y;fs;-Gytu; ehafk;> Mypg;Gytu;>

ngz;kjpkhiy-Ntjehafk; gps;is

myF-5 xg;gpay; Nehf;fpy; fk;gd;-thy;kPfp> fk;gd;-kpy;l;d;> ghujp-n\y;yp> ghujp-

tpl;kd;> ,sq;Nfh-N\f;];gpau;

ghh;it E}y;fs; (jkpo;):

1. xg;gpyf;fpa mwpKfk; - lhf;lh;. jkpoz;zy; 2. xg;gpay; ,yf;fpak; - lhf;lh;. f. ifyhrgjp 3. xg;gpyf;fpak; - Xh; mwpKfk; - lhf;lh;. it. rr;rpjhde;jk; 4. xg;gpyf;fpaf; nfhs;iffs; - lhf;lh;. k. jpUkiy 5. xg;gpyf;fpa kuGk; jpwDk; - lhf;lh;. ,uh. fhQ;rdh 6. fk;gUf;F fij nfhLj;jth; thy;kPfpah? – lhf;lh;. F. jpUNkdp 7. fk;gDk; kpy;lDk; - v];. ,uhkfpU\;zd; 8. fk;gDk; thy;kPfpAk; - ehkf;fy; ftpQh; 9. fhg;gpa fhyk; - v];. itahGhpg;gps;is 10. rq;f ,yf;fpa xg;gPL – (,uz;L ghfq;fs;) lhf;lh; jkpoz;zy; 11. jpUf;Fws; ePjp ,yf;fpak; - lhf;lh; f.j. jpUehTf;fuR 12. ghujpAk; fPl;Rk; - ghyh 13. ghujpAk; n\y;ypAk; - uFehjd; 14. GJf;ftpijj; jpwdha;T – mf;fpdp Gj;jpud; 15. GJf;ftpijapd; Njf;fepiy - ,. kiwkiy 16. GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; - ty;ypf;fz;zd; 17. GJf;ftpij Kw;Nghf;Fk; gpw;Nghf;Fk; - eh. thdkhkiy 18. fhg;gpa tpUe;J – nj. QhdRe;juk; 19. rq;ff;ftpijfSk; fpNuf;f yphpf; ftpijfSk; - nrz;gfk; uhkrhkp 20. ,yf;fpa tifik xg;gha;T – lhf;lh; fp. ,uhrh 21. ,yf;fpa tifj; jpwdha;T – lhf;lh; fp. ,uhrh 22. xg;gha;Tf; fsq;fs; - [hd; rhKNty; 23. xg;gpyf;fpa tuk;Gk; nraw;ghLk; - lhf;lh; rz;Kf nry;tfzgjp 24. xg;gpad; nkhop E}y; - jpuhtplk; – Kidth; mfj;jpaypq;fk;

17

Mq;fpy E}y;fs; 1. Bharathi and Walt Whitman – Dr. Sachidanandam

2. Studies in Comparative Literature – John Samuel

3. Kamban and Milton – Dr. S. Ramakrishnan

4. Tamil Heroic Poetry – Dr. K. Kailasapathy

5. The impacts of Western thought on Bharathiar- Dr. Sachidanandam

6. Shakespeare and Ilango as Tragedian – Dr. K. Chellappan.

18

jhs; 10 : “Xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs;” myF 1 :- cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs; tuyhW

(jkpo;> rkw;fpUjk;> ,yj;jPd;> fpNuf;fk;> rPdk;> mNugpak; kw;Wk; <GU)

myF 2 :- cyfr; nrk;nkhopfspd; ,yf;fpaq;fs;

(jkpo; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; Kjy; fhg;gpaq;fs;> mw ,yf;fpaq;fs;> rkw;fpUjk;> ,yj;jPd;> fpNuf;fk;> rPdk;> mNugpak; kw;Wk; <GU nkhopfspy; Nkw;Fwpj;j nrk;nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fSf;F ,izahd fhy mstpyhd E}y;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jy;)

myF 3 :- cyfr; nrk;nkhopfspy; njhifahf;fq;fs; fhy mbg;gilapy; cyfr;

nrk;nkhop njhifg;ghLfs; ,tw;iw xg;gPl;L mwpTj;jy;. myF 4 :- cyfr; nrk;nkhop ,yf;fpag; ghLnghUs; tpOkpaq;fs; -

jkpo; - (mfk;> Gwk;> mwnewp> tho;tpay; jifikfs;); rkw;fpUjk; - (,aw;if> gf;jp> ePjp> topghl;L Kiwfs;) fpnuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd; - (tPuk;> fhjy;> ,irg;ghly;> jd;Zzh;r;rpg; ghly;fs;) rPdk; - (murpay;> jj;Jtk;) mNugpak; - (tha;nkhopf; fij kuGfs;)

myF 5 :- xg;gPl;L Nehf;fpy; cyfr; nrk;nkhopfs; nghJg; gz;Gfs; (tha;nkhop

kuG jd;Zzh;T kuG> gjpTW kuG> Mw;Wg;gil kuG) tPuAfkuG njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUsjpfhuKk;> mhp];lhl;bypd; ftpijapaYk; fijkuGfs; - (N`hkhpd; ,ypal;> xbrp> th;[pypd; fhg;gpak;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy (jkpo;> rkw;fpUjk;> fpNuf;fk;) rPd fd;G+rpaR mwnewpfSk; jpUts;StuJ mwnewpfSk;).

ghl E}y;fs; :

1. r. mfj;jpaypq;fk;> rq;f ,yf;fpak; nrt;tpay; ,yf;fpaq;fNs – kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

2. f. ifyhrgjp jkpo; tPuAfg; ghly;fs; (F.nt.gh nkhop ngah;g;G) Fkud; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

3. nrz;gfk; ,uhkrhkp> fpNuf;f yphpf; ,yf;fpaq;fSk; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSk;> nrz;gfk; gjpg;gfk;> kJiu.

4. r. mfj;jpaypq;fk;> njhy;fhg;gpaf; ftpijapay;> kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

5. m.m. kzthsd;> mhp];lhl;bypd; ftpijapay;> epA+ nrQ;Rhp Gj;jf epWtdk;> nrd;id.

6. F. NkhfduhR> fd;G+rpaR> jpUts;StUk; nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;ffof ntspaPL.

19

ghh;it E}y;fs;

1. Nguhrphpah; Re;juk; rz;Kfdhh;> jkpo;E}y; njhFg;Gf;fsQ;rpak;> kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

2. jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk; tho;tpay; fsQ;rpaf; fl;Liufs; (4> 7> 8> 9) kl;Lk;

3. r. mfj;jpaypq;fk;> rq;f ,yf;fpak; - nrt;tpay; ghh;it – kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

4. th.nr. Foe;ijrhkp> cyfr; nrt;tpay; nkhopfspd; thpirapy; jkpo;> ghujp gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

5. jkpoz;zy; - rq;f ,yf;fpa xg;gPL 1> 2 rh;Nthjah ,yf;fpag; gz;iz> kJiu.

jhs;:11 ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T

20

Nehf;fk; 1. jkpopy; jpwdha;T mZFKiwapd; Njhw;wj;ijAk; tsu;r;rpapidAk; mwpjy;

2. jpwdha;T mZFKiwfSf;Fk; ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fSf;Fk; cs;s cwtpid mwpjy; 3. jpwdha;tpd; ,d;wpaikahikiag; gilg;ghsp-thrfd; Nehf;fpy; czu;jy;

myF1: jkpopy; jpwdha;T mZFKiwapd; Njhw;wk;: jpwdha;T vd;gjd;

tpsf;fk;-njhif E}y;fs; njhFg;G Kiw-njhy;fhg;gpau; Rl;Lk; ,yf;fpa tiffs;> E}y; tiffs;-njhy;fhg;gpa ciuahrpupau;fspd; ciug;Nghf;F

myF-2: gilg;Gk; jpwdha;Tk;: gilg;ghf;f epiyfs;-gilg;ghsp thrfd; cwT epiy-kjpg;gPL. jpwdha;T-Muha;r;rp NtWghLfs;-jpwdha;thsupd; jFjpfs;-jpwdha;tpd; Nehf;fk;-jpwdha;tpd; ,d;wpaikahik

myF-3 jpwdha;T tiffs;-gilg;G topj; jpwdha;T> kuGtopj; jpwdha;T- tpjpKiwj; jpwdha;T> KUfpay;Kiwj; jpwdha;T-tpsf;fKiwj; jpwdha;T-kjpg;gPl;LKiwj; jpwdha;T-tuyhw;WKiwj; jpwdha;T- tho;f;if tuyhw;WKiwj; jpwdha;T-xg;gPl;LKiwj; jpwdha;T

myF-4 jw;fhy ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;Tg; Nghf;Ffs;:;-cstpay; jpwdha;T-%y gbtj; jpwdha;T-mikg;gpay; jpwdha;T-khu;f;rpaj; jpwdha;T- ngz;zpaj;; jpwdha;T-,yf;fpa tifj; jpwdha;T

myF-5 jpwdha;Tk; ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fSk;: nrt;tpay;-Gidtpay;-elg;gpay;-

kpif elg;gpay; (ru;upayprk;) ,Uj;jypay; (vf;rp];nld;rpayprk;)-FwpaPl;bay;-gpd; mikg;gpay;-gpd; etPdj;Jtk;.

ghu;it E}y;fs; ,uhkypq;fk;. kh jpwdha;T newp

fUzhepjp. M jkpo; ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T tsu;r;rp-Xu; mwpKfk;> fupry; kz; ntspaPL> 2007> %d;whk; gjpg;G. Nfrtd;.Nfh ,yf;fpa tpku;rdk;> xU khu;f;rpag; ghu;it>

md;dk;> rptfq;if. ifyhrgjp. f ,yf;fpaKk; jpwdha;Tk;

rptj;jk;gp. fh jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhW> epA+ nrQ;Rup Gf; `T];> nrd;id> 1988

Rg;igah. muq;f ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T- ,rq;fs;-nfhs;iffs;> eyq;fps;sp gjpg;gfk;> jQ;rhT+u;> 2006 Qhd%u;j;jp.jh.V ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;tpay;> Ie;jpizg; gjpg;gfk;>

2006. gQ;rhq;fk;. f jkpo; ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T tuyhW> mfuk;>

jQ;rhT+u;> ghyr;re;jpud;.R ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T> vd;.rp.gp.vr;> nrd;id>

21

2006> %d;whk; gjpg;G ghyh ru;upayprk;

gpr;rKj;J. e ,yf;fpa ,af;fq;fs;> rf;jp ntspaPL> nrd;id>

gpr;rKj;J. e jpwdha;Tk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaf; nfhs;iffSk;> rf;jp ntspaPL> nrd;id.

kPdhl;rp KUfuj;jpdk; Nkiy ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;T Xu; mwpKfk;> vd;nd]; gg;spNf\d;];> kJiu

tujuhrd;. K ,yf;fpaj; jpwd;

22

tpUg;gg; ghlk; : 1 jkpo;f; fzpdpapay;;;; Nehf;fk;: 1. fzpdpiaAk; mjd; nray;ghLfisAk; mwpKfk; nra;jy; 2. fzpdpia ,af;fpj; jkpopy; nrhy; nrayhf;fk; nra;ag; gapw;rp mspj;jy; myF 1 fzpdp -fzpdpj; jiyKiwfs;> fzpdp tiffs;> fzpdpapd; tbtikg;G>- cs;sPl;Lg; gFjpfs;> ntspaPl;Lg; gFjpfs;> epidtfk;> fzf;ffk;> ikag;gFjp Mfpatw;wpd; nray;ghLfs;> fzpdpapd; nghJg; gad;ghLfs;. myF 2 ,af;f nkd;kk;- gadpiy nkd;kk;- fzpdp nkhopfs;;-,aw;if nkhopfs;> fzpdp nkhopfs; mwpKfk;-nghwp nkhop> ,ilepiy nkhop> cau;epiy nkhop-Ngrpf;> Nfhghy;> /Nghu;l;uhd;> Kjypa nkhopfs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs;- myF 3 jkpo; vOj;JUf;fs;> jkpopy; FwpaPl;L Kiwfs;> vOjpfs;> nrhy; nraypfs;(Word Processor) mwpKfk;-jkpopy; cs;s nrhy; nraypfs; myF 4. vk;. v]; ntu;L mwpKfk;> ,af;f Kiwfs;.- Gjpa Nfhg;ig cUthf;Fjy;> jpwj;jy;> Nrkpj;jy;> Mtzj;ijg; gbnaLj;jy;> gj;jp mikj;jy;> vOj;JU rPuikj;jy;> tupr;rPuikg;G nra;jy;> ml;ltiz ,Ljy;> vz;zply;> Gs;spaply;> Kjyhd nray;Kiwfis tpsf;Fjy; myF 5 fzpdpAk; jfty; njhlu;Gk;- kpd;dhSif> ,izak;> tiya jsk;> jkpo; tiy kidfs;> kpd;FO> ,yf;fpa kpd; gjpg;Gfs;> gy;Y}lfk;> kpd;dQ;ry;fs>. jkpo; kpd;dpjo;fs; ghu;it E}y;fs; 1. fzpg;nghwp xUq;Fk; Ngrpf; nkhopAk; - nry;yKj;J> jkpo;g;gy;fiyf;fofk;>

jQ;rhT+u;> 1985 2. fzpg;nghwp-Xu; mwpKfk; > ,uhk;Fkhu;> fof ntspaPL> 1986 3. fzpdpAk; jkpo; fw;gpj;jYk; R.g.jpz;zg;gd;> Ie;jpizg; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id1995 4. fzpg;nghwp jfty; njhopy; El;gk; r.gh];fud;> jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk;> 1998 5. tPl;Lf;Fs; tUk; xU cyfk;> b\;ndl; ypkpnll;> nrd;id> 1998 6. ,aw;if nkhopaha;T Kidtu; F.Rg;igah gps;is> cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp epWtdk;> nrd;id

1998 7. jkpopy; fzpg;nghwpapay;> fzpg;nghwpapy; jkpo;- r.gh];fud;> ckh gjpg;gfk;> jQ;rhT+u;> 2003.

23

tpUg;gg; ghlk;: 2 - ,jopay;

kf;fs; jfty; njhlh;gpay;> kf;fs; njhlh;G rhjdq;fs; gw;wpg; nghJthfTk; mr;Rtopr;rhjdq;fshfpa ehspjo;fs; ,jo;fs; gw;wp MokhfTk; fw;gpj;jy;> ,e;jpahtpYk; Fwpg;ghfj; jkpofj;jpYk; ,jopay; tsh;e;j tuyhW> nra;jpj;jhs; eph;thfk;> nra;jp Nrfhpg;G> nra;jp vOJjy;> gj;jphpf;ifr; Rje;jpuk;> jkpo; ,jo;fspy; mz;ikf;fhyg;Nghf;F Kjypad gw;wpj; njspthf khzth;fs; mwpar;nra;jy; myF-1 ,jopay; tpsf;fk;> ,e;jpa ,jo;fs;> jkpo;nkhop ,jo;fs;>- Kd;Ndhbfs;>

tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpy; jkpo; ,jo;fs;- ,af;fKk; ,jo;fSk;> ,jo;fspd;

tiffSk;-gzpfSk;> ,d;iwa ,jo;fspd; Nghf;F

myF-2- ,jopaypd; mZFKiwfs;-nra;jpj;jhs;-epu;thf mikg;G Kiw>

nra;jpahsu;-nra;jp Mrpupau;-Jiz Mrpupau;fs;-Mrpupau; FO-,e;jpar; nra;jp

epWtdq;fspd; gzpfs;;

myF-3 nra;jp Nrfupg;Gk;-nra;jp tpsf;fk;-$Wfs;-nra;jpahsUf;Fupa jFjpfs;-

gzpfs;- nghWg;Gfs;-nra;jp Nrfupf;Fk; Kiwfs;-nra;jp tiffs;-muR> murpay;>

ePjpkd;wk;> rl;l kd;wk;> nghJf; $l;lq;fs;> Fw;wtpay;> tpgj;J> ,wg;G> mwptpay;>

tu;j;jfk;> tpisahl;Lr; nra;jpfs;

myF-4 nra;jp vOJjy;-nra;jp cj;jpfs;-jiyg;G tiffs;-Kfg;G tiffs;>

jiyaq;fk;> fl;Liufs;> jdpr; rpwg;Gf; fl;Liufs;> tpku;rdk;> glj; JZf;Ffs;>

fUj;Jg;glq;fs;> Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs;> tpsk;guq;fs;-nra;jp nkhopeil-nrk;ikahf;fk;

myF-5 gj;jpupifr; rl;lq;fs;-gjpg;Gupik-mtJ}W-khdel;lk;- ePjpkd;w mtkjpg;G-

gj;jpupif Rje;jpuk;-[dehafj;jpy; gj;jpupiffspd; gq;F

ghu;it E}y;fs; 1. ,uh.Nfhjz;lghzp> ,jopay ;> fw;gfk; ntspaPL> kJiu. 2. kh.gh.FUrhkp> ,jopay; fiy> Njd;nkhopg; gjpg;gfk;> jpUr;nre;J}u; 3. kh.R.rk;ge;jd;> jkpo; ,jo;fs;> jkpou; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id. 4. rp.gh.Mjpj;jdhu ;. gj;jpupifahsu; ifNaL. 5. Nrh. fiythzp> gj;jpupiff; fiy> rhujh ntspaPL> NtY}u; 6. J.jkpourp> tp[ayl;Rkp. v]; uq;fehjd;> xU ehspjo; cUthfpwJ>

rq;fg;gyif ntspaPL> kJiu 7. jq;f kzpad;> gj;jpupif nkhopeil> khzpf;fk; gjpg;gfk;> Ngusk;>

jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp khtl;lk;. 8. m.tpehaf %u;j;jp> tpsk;guf; fiy> ghyKUfd; gjpg;gfk;> kJiu. 9. m.Myp]; kf;fs; jfty; njhlu;gpay;-fiyr;nrhy; mfuhjp> kJkjp

ntspaPL> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp 10. fp.,uhrh> ,jopay; El;gq;fs ;> ghu;j;jpgd; gjpg;gfk;> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp. 11. H.Westley Bruce, Quest for News, Macmillan Company, Chennai

12. K.M.Srivastava, News Reporting & Editing, Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi

13. Ramachandra Iyer, Quest for News, Macmillan Company , Chennai

24

tpUg;gg;ghlk;- 3 - ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; Nehf;fk;: ehl;Lg;Gwtpaypd; midj;Jg; gupkhzq;fisAk; khztu; fw;fr; nra;jy; myF: 1 ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; tiutpyf;fzk; (Definition of Folklore) ehl;Lg;Gwg;

ghly;fs;-fijfs;-fijg;ghly;fs;- gonkhopfs;-tpLfijfs;- Guhzf;fijfs;.

myF: 2 fs Ma;T Kiw-ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; gs;spfs;(Different Schools of Folklore)-

ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; Ma;Tf; Nfhl;ghLfs; (Current Theories of Folklore)

myF: 3 jkpof ehl;Lg;Gwtpaypd; tuyhW-ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; Ma;T-tsu;r;rp epiy myF: 4 ehl;Lg;Gwf; fiyfs;-ek;gpf;iffSk; gof;ftof;fq;fSk;-ehl;Lg;Gwj; nja;tq;fs;-ehl;Lg;Gw tpisahl;Lf;fs;. myF: 5 ehl;Lg;Gw kUj;Jtk;-iftpidf; fiyfs;;. ghu;it E}y;fs;. 1. R. rf;jpNty; ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; Ma;T> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> 1983 2. R.rz;Kf Re;juk;> ehl;Lg;Gwtpay ;> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> 1982 3. MW.,uhkehjd;> ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; fhl;Lk; jkpou; tho;tpay;>

kzpthrfu; E}yfk;> 1982 4. Y}u;J> ehl;;lhu; tof;fhWfs;> kzpthrfu; E}yfk;> 1988 5. ruRtjp NtZNfhghy;> ehl;Lg;Gwtpay; Nfhl;ghl;L Ma;Tfs ;> jhkiu

ntspaPL> kJiu> 1991 6. fUzhfud;>ghf;fpayl;Rkp> ehl;Lg;Gwtpayha;T newpKiwfs ;. 7. V.vd;. ngUkhs;> jkpof ehl;Lg;Gwf; fiyfs ;> cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp

epWtdk;> nrd;id 1980 8. mU. kUjJiu ehl;Lg;Gw tho;tpay ;> mUzh ntspaPL> Krpwp> 1995 9. mU. kUjJiu jkpof ehl;Lg;Gw topghl;Lf; $j;Jf;fs ; mUzh

ntspaPL> Krpwp> 1993. 10. mU. kUjJiu> jkpopy; nfhiyr;rpe;J mUzhg;gjpg;gfk;> Krpwp 1991. 11. j.fdfrig ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghly;fs;- xU jpUj;jg;gjpg;ghf;fk;> nrq;fhkpu;jk;

gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> 1998 12. Nrhkny jkpo; kf;fspd; kuGk; gz;ghLk; > Ne\dy; Gf; bu];L> 1975 13. r. NrhkRe;juk; ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ciog;Nghu; epiyAk;

cupikf;FuYk;> nropafk;> jpUr;rp 14. Richard Dorson, Folklore and Folklife an Introduction, The University of Chicago

Press, 1972 15. Alan Dundes, The Study of Folklore, Englewood cliffs NJ Prentice Hall. 16. Jawaharlal Handoo, Current Trends in Folklore, University of Mysore,1978 17. Marzrul Islam Folklore the Pulse of People in the context of Indian Folklore. 18. Karunakaran & Handoo Folklore of India, CIIL, Mysore.

25

19. Maria Leach, Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legends, New

English Library 1972 20. Propp Theory and History of Folklore, Manchester Univeristy Press, 1984 21. Saktivel, Folklore Study of Tamil Nadu. 22. Vanamamalai Studies in Tamil folk Literature, NCBH , Madras 1969 23. Lelvi Strauss, Claude Structural Anthropology, Penguin Books Ltd, USA 1977

24. Malisowski, B Mythy in primitive Psychology, Newyork 1924

25. Taylor. EB, Primitive Culture, Newyork 1958

tpUg;gg; ghlk;: 4 mwptpay; jkpo; Nehf;fk;: 1. jha;nkhop topf; fy;tpapd; Njitia mwpTWj;Jjy; 2. mwptpay; jkpopd; mikg;gpidg; Gyg;gLj;Jjy; 3. mwptpay; fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fj;jpy; <LghL Vw;gLj;Jjy;. myF: 1 mwptpay;; jkpo;-tiuaiw-,d;wpaikahik> mwptpay; jkpOk; ,yf;fpaj; jkpOk;> mwptpay; jkpo; tuyhW-Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;-jkpopy; mwptpay; E}y;fs;> mwptpay jkpo; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs; -mwptpay; ,af;fq;fs myF:2 jha;nkhop topf; fy;tp-gad;fs;-jkpo;topf; fy;tp- mwptpay;> njhopy;El;gk; -eilKiwr;rpf;fy;fs;-Nghjpa E}y;fs; ,d;ik> rKjha kdg;ghq;F-Mrpupau;fs;-khztu;fs;-ngw;Nwhu;fs;> jkpopy; mwptpay; E}y;fs;> jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mwptpay; -xU fz;Nzhl;lk;. myF: 3 fiyr;nrhy; tiuaiw> fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk;: xypngau;g;G-nkhopngau;g;G-GJr;nrhw; gilg;G> mwptpay; thf;fpa mikg;G Kiwfs;-fiyr;nrhy; jug;gLj;jk;. myF: 4 Ml;rpj; jkpo;- jkpo; Ml;rp nkhop tuyhW-rl;lj; jkpo;- rl;lj;jkpo;f; fiyr;nrhw;fs; myF: 5 mwptpay; E}y;fs;-nkhopngau;g;G-newpKiwfs;- mwptpay; ,jo;fs;- fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpaq;fs;> mfuhjpfs;> fiyr;nrhy; njhFjpfs; ghu;it E}y;fs; mk;gp kUj;Jtj; jkpo; Kd;Ndhb lhf;lu; fpwPd;> fof ntspaPL> 1995 mUs; jsgjp mwptpay; jkpo; tsKk; tsu;r;rpAk;> fhk;nlf; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> 2001 ,uhjh nry;yg;gd; fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk;> mwpTg; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id> 2006 ,uhjh nry;yg;gd; fiyr;nrhy;ypay;> jhkiu gg;spNf\d;];> nrd;id> 2006 ,uhkypq;fdhu;.fP Ml;rpj; Jiwj; jkpo;> fof ntspaPL> 1971 fUzhfud;. fp. (KjyhNdhu;) (gjp) mwptpay; cUthf;fj; jkpo; kzpthrfu; E}yfk;> 1989

26

fpUl;bd%u;j;jp.rh> cja#upad; mwptpay; jkpo; tsu;r;rp> midj;jpe;jpa mwptpay; jkpo;f; fofk;> jQ;ir> 1999 Nfhghy;. f ts;Stj;jpy; mwptpay;> ts;Stu; mwptpay; ikak;> jpUr;rp> 1992 Foe;ijrhkp> th.nr mwptpay; jkpo;> ghujp gjpg;gfk;> 1985 rz;Kf Re;juk;.Nfh rl;lj; jkpo;> fof ntspaPL rz;Kfg; gpufjk;> nfhLKb Njitf;Nfw;w jkpo;> kzpthrfu; gjpg;gfk;> 1990 rz;Kfk; nr. it mwptpay; jkpohf;fk;> vd;.rp.gp.vr; > 1994 Re;juk; ,uhk nghUs; GjpJ tsk; GjpJ> tre;jk; gjpg;gfk;> jQ;ir> 1999 [hdfpuhkd; mwptpay; fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk;> ,uhftd; gjpg;gfk;> tpUj;jhryk;> 2003 Nltpl; gpughfu;.g jkpopy; mwptpay; ghlkhf;fk;> fq;if Gj;jf epiyak;> nrd;id 1990 jhNkhjud;.[p.Mu; mwptpay; jkpo;> gp.v];.[p rd;];> Nfhak;Gj;J}u;> 1982 ghNte;jd;. ,uh. jkpopy; mwptpay; ,jo;fs;> rhKNty; /gp\;fpwPd; gjpg;gfk;> Nfhit> 1998 kiyakhd; jkpo; Ml;rp nkhop rpf;fy;fSk; jPu;TfSk;> md;Gg; gjpg;gfk;> 1994 Kj;J. R. ney;iy tsUk; mwptpay;> gj;kh Gf;]; Vn[d;rp> gg;sp\u;];> ehfu;Nfhtpy;> 1994 Kj;J. R. ney;iy mwptpay; jkpopay;> tp[ah gjpg;gfk;> 1993 Kj;Jf;Fkud; r Fws; fhl;Lk; Ml;rpKiw> fof ntspaPL> 2006 Kj;Jg; gps;is md;id nkhopAk; Ml;rpj;JiwAk;> fof ntspaPL> 1983 Kj;Jg; gps;is mupaizapy; moFj; jkpo;> Kj;jkpo; epiyak;> nrd;id> 1970

27

tpUg;gg;ghlk; 5 - Nfhapw;fiy Nehf;fk;: rkak; vd;gJ jhd; Njhd;wpa #oYf;Fj;jf kf;fis topfhl;Lk;

xsp tpsf;fhFk;. ,e;J rkak; vd;gJ xU kjk; my;y.; mJ thOk; top. mt;topfSs; xd;W gf;jpnewp. gf;jpnewpapy; Kf;fpa mq;fk; tfpg;gJ Nfhapy;fs;. ,iwj;jpU cUtq;fs;> rpw;gq;fs;> xtpaq;fs;> epiwe;j Nfhapy;fs; kdj;jpid xUKfg;gLj;jpg; gf;jp newpf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; rpwe;j fUtpfsha; tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,f;Nfhapy;fs; fhye;NjhWk;> kd;dh;fs;> ts;sy;fs;> Md;kPfthjpfs;> gf;jh;fs; Nghd;Nwhhpd; Kaw;rpahy; tsh;e;J te;j epiyapidAk;> mjd; mikg;G KiwapidAk; gw;wp> ,g;ghlq;fs; Ie;J myFfshfg; gphpj;J tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

,e;J rka mwepiya Ml;rpj;Jiwapd; fPo; ,aq;Fk; Nfhapy;fspy; eph;thf mYtyh;fshfg; (E.O) gjtp ngWtjw;F chpa Njh;T vOJk; tifapYk; ,g;ghlk; mikf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ

myF – 1 Nfhapy; tiffs; - Nfhapy; ,yf;fzk; - ,le;Njh;e;njLj;jy; - NfhGuq;fspd; mikg;G – Nfhapy; kz;lgq;fs; - J}z;fspd; mikg;G tuyhW. myF – 2 rq;f fhyf; Nfhapy;fs; (gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;njhif) – rq;fk; kUtpa fhyf; Nfhapy;fs; - (rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy> E}y;fspy; cs;sit) - gy;yth; fhyf; Nfhapy;fs; - Fil tiuf; Nfhapy;fs; - xw;iwf; fw;Nfhapy;fs; - fl;blf; Nfhapy;fs; - Nrhoh; fhyf; Nfhapy;fs; - tp[ahyaNrhod; - Mjpj;j Nrhod; - Kjy; guhe;jfd; - cj;jk Nrhod; - Kjyhk; ,uhruhrNrhod; - Kjyhk; ,uhNre;jpuNrhod; - ,uhz;lhk; ,uhruhrd-; %d;whk; FNyhj;Jq;fd; - gpw;fhyg; ghz;bah;fs; Nfhapy;fs; - tp[a efu ehaf;f kd;dh;fs; fhyf; Nfhapy;fs;. myF – 3 Nfhapy; njhlh;ghd fiyfs; - rpw;gf;fiy – gy;yth;> Nrhoh;> ghz;bah;> ehaf;fh; fhyr; rpw;gq;fs; - nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; - eluhrh; cUtKk; jj;JtKk;> Nkiyêh; ikj;jpNuah;> ehifg;gl;bdj;Jg;Gj;jh;> ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jj; jpUkhy;> rpq;fhey;Y}h; cyfse;j ngUkhs;> jpUthyq;fhl;Lr; Nrhkh];fe;jh;> gy;ytdPr;ruj;Jr; NrAilr;nry;tp> jpUf;fhiwthry; gpl;rhldh; - jpUkhy; tbtq;fs; - ehad;khh; cUtq;fs; gy;yth; fhy xtpaq;fs; - gidkiy> fhQ;rp – fapyhrehjh;> jpUkiyg;Guj;J xtpak; - rpj;jd;d thry; xtpak; - Nrhoh; fhy xtpak; - tp[aefukd;dh;fs; fhy xtpak; - Nfhapy;fspy; tsh;e;j ehl;bak; - ehlfk; - ,ir - ,yf;fpak; - gw;wpa nra;jpfs;

28

myF – 4 rpwg;ghfg; gapy Ntz;ba jpUTUtq;fs; - tpehafh;> KUfd; - gytpj mikg;G> jl;rpzh%h;j;jp> mh;j;jehhPRtuh;> re;jpuNrfuh;> gpl;rhldh;> Mly;ty;yhd;> fhyhhp> fhkjfdh;> ,ypq;Nfhw;g;gth; - jpUkhy; gj;J mtjhu %h;j;jq;fs; - epd;w> ,Ue;j> fple;j epiy %h;j;jpfs; myF – 5 rpwg;ghfg; gapy Ntz;ba Nfhapy;fs; - jpy;iy> jpUtuq;fk;> jQ;ir> jhuhRuk;> fq;if nfhz;l NrhoGuk;> fhQ;rp> jpUth&h;> kJiu> jpUr;nre;J}h; ghh;it E}y;fs;

1. jkpoff; Nfhapw;fiyfs; - njhy;nghUs; Jiw ntspaPL - ,uh. ehfrhkp> kh. re;jpu%h;j;jp

2. jkpoh; tsh;j;j moFf; fiyfs;> kNfe;jpu th;kd;> eurpk;k th;kd; - kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp.

3. rpw;gKk; fiytho;Tk; - N[.vk;. NrhkRe;juk;; 4. Myaq;fspd; cl;nghUs; tpsf;fk; - ,yQ;rp V. nrhf;fypq;fk; 5. Kw;fhyr; Nrhoh;fiyAk; rpw;gKk; - v];. Mh;. ghyRg;ukzpak; 6. gy;yth; tuyhW – lhf;lh kh. ,uhrkhzpf;fk; 7. Nrhoh; tuyhW – jp.it. rjhrptg; gz;lhuj;jhh; 8. ehaf;fh; tuyhW – m.fp gue;jhkdhh; 9. jkpof rpwg;G Xtpaf; fiyfs; - lhflh; Vfhk;guehju;

10. jkpoff; Nfhapy;fs; - lhf;lh; ,uh. ehfrhkp 11. nja;tj; jpUTUtq;fs; - Gyth; e. KUfNts; 12. njd;dpe;jpar; rpw;g tbtq;fs; - f. etuj;jpdk; 13. Nfhapw;fiyAk; rpw;gq;fSk; - fiyQd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id – Nf. Mh; rPdpthrd;

14. rpthya mikg;Gk; rpt topghl;L KiwAk; - ifyhrehjh; FUf;fs; 15. jpy;iyj; jpUf;Nfhapy;> kJiu kPdhl;rp> jpUr;nre;J}h; KUfd; - kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk; - lhf;lh; r. nka;ag;gd; 16. fzgjp> KUfd;> Mlty;yhd; - jpUthtLJiw MjPdk; - kfh tpj;Jthd; r. jz;lghzp Njrpfh; 17. ,e;J kj ,izg;G tpsf;fk; - Nf. MWKf ehtyh; 18. itzt rkak; Xh; mwpKfk; - jkpo;g;Gj;jfhyak; - g. mUzhryk; 19. ,e;jpaf; fiyr; nry;tk; - njh.K.gh];fuj; njhz;ilkhd; 20. Nfhapw; fsQ;rpak; mwpKfk; - jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk;> jQ;rhT+h; - Nfh.K. Kj;Jr;rhkp gps;is.

29

tpUg;gg;ghlk; 6 – jw;fhy ,yf;fpa tuyhW Nehf;fk;: kdpjDf;F Kfthp mspg;gJ nkhop. nkhopapy; Njhd;Wk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; mf; fhy kf;fspd; tho;f;ifia gpujpgypg;gd. mtw;wpd;Njhw;w tsh;r;rp tuyhw;wpid khzth;fs; gbg;gjd; thapyhf mtw;wpd; tbtk;> Rit> nghUs; ,twWld; mtw;iwg; gilf;Fk; Mw;wiyAk; ngwtpaYk;. ,t;tifapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ ,j;jhs; myF 1 – mwpKfk; njhopy; Gul;rp – Mq;fpyf;fy;tp – jfty; njhlh;Gr; rhjdq;fs; ngUf;fk; - ,jopay; tsh;r;rp – rKjhar; rPh;;jpUj;j ,af;fq;fs; vOr;rp – rpe;jidj;njspTk; khw;wKk; - gbj;Njhh; vz;zpf;if cah;T – fy;tpKiw – muRg;gzp - ,lxJf;fPL – tpspk;G epiy kf;fspd; vOr;rp – murpay; fl;rp cUthf;fk; – gy;NtW r%f ,af;fq;fs; - rhjpa vOr;rp myF 2 – ftpij ghujpf;F Kd; jkpo;f; ftpij – ghujpapd; ghLnghUl;fs; - topj;Njhd;wy;fs; - ghujpjhrd; gilg;Gfspd; cs;slf;fk; - topj;Njhd;wy;fs; - Njrpa> nkhop> ,d> kdpjNea> r%f rPh;jpUj;j czh;Tfspd; ntspg;ghL GJf;ftpij Njhw;wk; - tsh;r;rp – tsh;e;j ,af;fq;fs; - kzpf;nfhb – vOj;J – thdk;ghb – GJf;ftpijfspd; Nehf;Fk; Nghf;Fk; – cj;jpfs; - Njf;fepiy – Gjpa tbtq;fs; - i`f;$- nrd;bhpê – Ff;$ ftpijfs; - Nkiy ehl;Lr;rpe;jidfspd; jhf;fk; myF 3 – Gidfijfs; (Gjpdk;> rpWfij) Gjpdj;Njhw;wk; - tsh;r;rp – tiffs; - tuyhw;W – cstpay; - Jg;gwpAk; - nkhopngah;g;G – tl;lhu mwptpay; Gjpdq;fs;- ,af;fg; Gjpdq;fs;. nghJTilik –ngz;zpak; - jyPj;jpak; - tbtk; cj;jpapy; khw;wk; – Nghf;Ffs; - rpWfijj; Njhw;wk; - kzpf;nfhbf; fijfs; - tsh;r;rp – Kd;Ndhbfs; - ,f;fhyr; rpWfijapd; Nghf;Ffs; myF 4 – ehlfk; Njhw;wk; - ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; mjd; tsh;r;rp – tif gbf;Fk;-ebf;Fk; - ,UepiyfSf;Fk; chpait – ftpij- ciueil ehlfk; r%f rPh;j;jpUj;j ehlfq;fs; - ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; - gk;ky; rk;ge;jKjypahh; - ep[ ehlf ,af;fk; - etPd ehlf ,af;fk; - thndhyp – njhiyf;fhl;rp ehlfq;fs; - jpiug;glj;jpdhy; mjd; epiy – Nkiy ehl;Lj;jhf;fj;jhy; Vw;gl;l ehlfq;fs; - Nghf;F - ,d;iwa epiy myF 5 – ciueil ghujpf;Fg;gpd; ciueilapd; tsh;r;rp – gFg;G tiffSk; - kiwkiy mbfs; - jpU.tp.f. – ghthzd; - K.t. – uh.gp. NrJgps;is – mz;zh – t.Rg.kh. – gaz E}y;fs; - tho;f;if tuyhw;W E}y;fs;

30

ghh;it E}y;fs; ghujp fhyKk; fUj;Jk; - njh.K.rp. uFehjd; ghujpjhrd; gilg;Gf;fiy – r.R.,sq;Nfh GJf;ftpij Nehf;Fk; Nghf;Fk; - eh. Rg;Gnul;bahh; GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; - ty;ypf;fz;zd; GJf;ftpij GJg;ghh;it – ghyh GJf;ftpij Kg;ngUk; cj;jpfs; - rp.,.kiwkiy GJf;ftpijapd; Njf;fepiy – rp.,.kiwkiy tpLjiyf;Fg;gpd; jkpo; rpWfijfs; - kh. ,uhkypq;fk; r%f ehty;fs; - jh.Nt. tPuhrhkp jkpopy; tl;lhu ehty;fs; - j. rz;KfRe;juk; jkpo; ehty; ,yf;fpak; - f. ifyhrgjp jkpo; ehty; E}w;whz;L tuyhWk; tsh;r;rpAk; k. fh. gy;fiyfof ntspaPL ehtYk; r%fKk; - m. jj;ij godp jkpo;r;rpWfij tuyhWk; tsh;r;rpAk; - rpl;b rptghjRe;juk; jkpopy; rpWfij gpwf;fpwJ – rp.R. nry;yg;gh jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; cUtKk; cs;slf;fKk; - Nfh. Nfrtd; jkpo;r; rpWfij Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; - fh. rptj;jk;gp ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; jkpo; ehlfk; - V.vd;. ngUkhs; jkpo; ehlfk; Njhw;wKk;> tsh;r;rpAk; - MW. mofg;gd; jkpo; ehlff; fiy – jp.f. rz;Kfk; ehlff;fiy – K. ,uhkrhkp (nkh.ng.) jkpo; ehlfk; New;W-,d;W-ehis - K. ,uhkrhkp ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;Lj; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; - kh. ,uhkypq;fk; jw;fhyj; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; - V.tp. Rg;gpukzpa ma;ah; jw;fhyj; jkpo; ,yf;fpak; - uh. jz;lhAjk; ghujpf;Fg;gpd; jkpo; ciueil – ty;ypf;fz;zd; ciueilapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; - m.K. gukrpthde;jk; ,yf;fpa kzpkhiy – v];. itahGhpg;gps;is cyfj;jkpopyf;fpa tuyhW – fh. rptj;jk;gp (,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L;) gd;Kf Nehf;fpy; jkpopy; ,yf;fpa tuyhW – fh. thRNjtd;

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jhs; 15 – nghJ nkhopapay; Nehf;fk;

1) KJfiy khzth;fSf;F nkhopapay; gw;wp mwpKfk; nra;jy; 2) khzth;fs; nkhopapay; fw;gjd; gad;ghl;bid mwpar; nra;jy; 3) mwptpay; Nehf;fpy; nkhop> ,yf;fpa> ,yf;fzq;fis mZFk;

mZFKiwia tsh;j;jy;

myF – 1 nkhopAk; nkhopapaYk; - nkhopapay; - tiuaiw – gad;ghL nkhopapd; Kf;fpakhd ehd;F jd;ikfs; - nkhopapay; Jiwfs;> tpsf;f nkhopapay;> tuyhw;W nkhopapay;> xg;gpay; nkhopapay;> ,Unkhop nkhopapay;> nkhopapay; tuyhW

myF – 2 xypapay; - tiuaiw> xypapay; tiffs; - ngsjpf xypapay;> Nfl;nghypapay; (Auditory Phonetics)> cr;rhpg;nghypapay; (Articulatory Phonetics)

–xypAWg;Gf;fSk; (Organs of Speech) njhopYk;> xypg;gplk; (Points of

Articulation)> xypg;ghd;.> capnuhypfs;> nka;nahypfs;> gd;dhl;L xyp ml;ltiz (International Phonetic Chart), Ngr;nrhyp tifg;ghL> mir (Syllable), Nkw;$w;wpay;Gfs; (Suprasegmental features)> miraOj;jk; (Pitch), FuyOj;jk; (Pitch) Rutpir (Intonation), tpl;bir (Juncture)

myF – 3 xypadpay; - tiuaiw> xypapay;> xypadpay; ,uz;lDf;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfs; - xypad;fisf; fhz;gjw;F cjTk; nfhs;iffs;> xyp> xypad; khw;nwhyp> xypad; gFg;gha;T – jw;fhyj; jkpopy; fhzg;gLk; xypad;fs; myF – 4 cUnghypadpaYk; cUgdpaYk; - cUnghypadpay; tiuaiw – re;jp khw;wq;fs; - re;jp tiffs; - mfr;re;jp – Gwr;re;jp> cUgdpay; -tiuaiw – cUG> cUgd;> khw;WUG> cUgd;fisf; fz;lwpa ielh $Wk; tpjp Kiwfs;> cUgd; gFg;gha;T> jdpAUG> fl;LUG> NtUk; mbAk;> xl;Lf;fs;> cUGfspy; Vw;gLfpd;w NtWghLfSf;Ff; fhuzkhd xypar;#oypd; tiffs; - Xhpdkhjy;> Ntwpdkhjy;> xyp ,og;G> mz;z ,dkhjy;> xyp ,lk; ngauy;> vjpnuhyp> xyp nfLjy;> xyp cwo;T> njhlh; cUG> njhlh;gpyh cUG> Nrh;f;if cUgd;

32

myF 5 njhludpay; tiuKiw> mz;ik cWg;Gg; gFg;gha;T> cs;tl;lj;njhlh;> ntsptl;lj; njhlh;> khw;wpyf;fzk;- nrhw;nwhlh; ,yf;fz mikg;G - GijtbTk; GwtbTk;> Ngr;R nkhop – jdpahh; Ngr;R> tl;lhu tof;F> rhjpg; Ngr;Rj; jkpo>; vOj;Jj; jkpo;> Ngr;Rnkhop vy;iyf; NfhLfs; ghh;it E}y;fs; mfj;jpaypq;fk; r nkhopapay;- nrhy;ypay;> tpidapay; midj;jpe;jpa

nkhopapay; fofk>; mz;zhkiy efh; 1982 muq;fd;. fp khw;wpyf;fzf; Nfhl;ghL jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fofk; MNuhf;fpaehjd; v]; nkhopapay;> kzpthrfh; E}yfk; ,uhrhuhk; fh. xypapay; fUzhfud; f p nkhop tsh;r;rp - kzpthrfh; E}yfk; fUzhfud; fp n[ah. t nkhopapay; – ftpjh gjpg;gfk; 1997 rz;Kfk; nr. it vOj;jpyf;fzf; Nfhl;ghL> kzpthrfh; E}yfk; rPdpthrd; ,uh. nkhopapay; gukrptk; F ,f;fhy nkhopapay; nghw;Nfh nghJ nkhopapay>; G+k;nghopy; nrd;id 1997 Kj;Jr;rz;Kfk; gps;is nkhopapay;> kJiu 1929 tujuhrd; K nkhopE}y; Charles F. Hockett, 1958 A Course in Modern Linguistics, Oxford Publication

Gleason H.A An Introduction to Descriptive Linguistics Newyork (1955

Leonard Bloomfield Language, Newyork 1933)

Nida E.A Morphology

Noam Chomsky Aspects of the theory of Syntax, Cambridge, Mass

Pike K.L Phonemics, Ann. Arbour 1947 *****