+1 jkpo; Kjy; jhs; - 3 kw;Wk; 5 kjpg;ngz; tpdh-tpilfs; · PDF file11- jkpo; jhs; 1 3 kw;Wk; 5...

11- jkpo; jhs; 1 3 kw;Wk; 5 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; ntw;wpf;F top

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+1 jkpo; Kjy; jhs; - 3 kw;Wk; 5 kjpg;ngz; tpdh-tpilfs; 1. Fwpg;G tiuf.

m) jhAkhdth; gpwe;j Ch; : jpUkiwf;fhL fhyk; : fp.gp 18Mk; E}w;whz;L ngw;Nwhh; : Nfbypag;g gps;is – nf[ty;yp mk;ikahh; ngah;f;fhuzk; : jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp jhAkhdtg; ngUkhd; mUshy; gpwe;jikahy; ,g;ngah; ngw;whh;. kidtp ngah; : kl;Lthh; Foyp (,tiu kze;Jk; ,y;yw tho;tpy; gw;wpd;wp ,Ue;jhh;) rpwg;G: jk;Kila Qhdhrphpah; nksdFU vd;ghhplk; cgNjrk; ngw;Wj; JwT G+z;lhh;. ,tUila ghly;fs; vspikAk; ,dpikAk; tha;e;jit. “jhAkhdth; ghly;fs;” vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if 1452 MFk;. ,tuJ ghly;fs; jkpo;nkhopapd; cgepljk; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

M) eP.fe;jrhkpg; Gyth; gpwe;j Ch; : gs;spafuk; gpwg;G : 09-06-1898 ngw;Nwhh; : ePyNkfk; gps;is - nrse;jputy;yp mk;ikahh; gbg;G : gs;sp ,Wjp tFg;G tiu fw;wwpe;j nkhopfs; : Mq;fpyk;> gpnuQ;R> ,yj;jPd;> tlnkhop. rpwg;Gfs;: gd;nkhopg; Gytuha; tpsq;fpdhh;. fue;ij jkpo;r;rq;fj;jpy; gy Mz;Lfs; mikr;ruha; ,Ue;jhh;. ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;: Mq;fpyj;jpYk; jkpopYk; gyE}y;fs; ,aw;wpAs;shh;. “gs;spafuk; goq;fij” vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ghly;fs; vOjpath;. jhk];fpNu vd;ghhpd; Mq;fpyf;ftpijia ,uq;fw;gh vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; jkpohf;fk; nra;jth;. ,wg;G : 18-06-1977

,) Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahh; gpwe;j Ch; : jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; vl;laGuk; gpwg;G : 11-12-1882 ngw;Nwhh; : rpd;drhkp Iah;-,yf;Fkp mk;ikahh; Mw;wpa gzpfs;: vl;laGu kd;dhpd; muritg;Gyth; kJiu NrJgjp cah;epiyg;gs;sp Mrphpah; rf;fth;j;jpdp gj;jphpf;if Mrphpah; ‘,e;jpah’ vd;Dk; thug;gj;jphpf;if Mrphpah; rpwg;Gfs;: ,th;jk; ghly;fs; tpLjiy Ntl;ifia kf;fs; kdjpy; Njhd;wr; nra;jd. jkpOf;F tsQ;Nrh;f;Fk; gy ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gilj;Js;shh;. fPijia nkhop ngah;j;Js;shh;. fz;zd; ghl;L> Fapy;ghl;L> ghQ;rhyp rgjk; Mfpa Kg;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fis ,aw;wpdhh;. ,wg;G : 11-09-1921

2. ,iwtd; ,ay;Gfshfj; jhAkhdth; njhptpj;Js;sd ahit? ,iwtd; ,ay;Gfshfj; jhAkhdth; $Wtd: ,iwtd; mUSUtha; gOj;Js;s goj;jpd; Ritahdtd;. fUk;ghfTk;> NjdhfTk;> mkph;jkhfTk; mbath;f;F ,dpg;gtd;. fz;izg;Nghy ,d;wpaikahjtd;. cyfpy; fpilj;jw;F mhpa nghUsidj;Jk; jUk; rpwe;j nghUshdtd;. fUiz ePq;fhky; vq;Fk; ePf;fkw epiwe;Js;s guk;nghUshdtd;.J}a;ikahd tho;f;ifahdtd;. epidf;f ,ayhj fUj;JfSf;Fs; fUj;jha; mike;jpUg;gtd;. fhyk;> ,lk;> epfo;r;rpfis tFj;J> kf;fs; tho;f;iff;Fhpa vy;yhf; fUtpfisAk; gilj;J

caph;$l;lj;ij ,af;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Nkyhd nghUshdtd;.

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3. eP. fe;jrhkpg; Gyth; mth;fs; jkpo;j;jhapd; ngUikia vq;qdk; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;Js;shh;? cyfpy; Njhd;wpa goq;fhy kf;fs; jk; cs;sf; fUj;ij kw;wth;f;Ff; ifr;iriffshy;

njhptpj;J te;jdh;. mf;fhyk; ePq;fpl> jkpo;kf;fs; nky;y ehitairj;Jg; NgRkhW nra;j jkpo;j;jhapd;

jpUtbfspy; jiyitj;J Vj;jpg;gzpNthk; vd eP. fe;jrhkpg;Gyth; mth;fs; jkpo;j;jhapd; ngUikiag; Nghw;wpg;Gfo;e;Js;shh;.

4. ghujj;jhapd; ngUikfisg; ghujpahh; vt;thW Gfo;e;Jiuj;Js;shh;? vq;fs; jhaha; tpsq;Fk; ghujj;jhNa! eP vy;yhr; nry;tq;fisAk; epuk;gg; ngw;Ws;sha;. cdf;F epfh; vtUk; ,yh;. eP vj;jifa jPq;Fkw;W tpsq;Ffpwha;. ePh;tsKk;> epy tsKk;> tay;tsKk; epuk;gg; ngw;Ws;sha;. tay; tsj;jhy; gRikaha; tpsq;Ffpwha;. kpf;f ,d;gKilaha;. ePq;fhj Gd;rphpg;G cilaha;. gytif mzpfisg; G+z;L mofha; tpsq;Ffpd;wha;. ,j;jifa eyd;fs; ahTk; ngw;W> ,t;Tyfpy; Njhd;wpa eP vk;Kapiuf; fhf;fpd;wha;. cd; ghjq;fis ehq;fs; vd;Wk; Jjpg;Nghk;. ,t;thW ghujj;jhapd; ngUikfisg; ghujpahh; Gfo;e;Jiuj;Js;shh;.

5. nryTzh;j;jpa Njhopf;Fj; jiykfs; nrhy;ypatw;iw tpsf;Ff.

gpltk;G+Tk;> Ntq;ifg;G+Tk; xU Nruj;Njhd;WtJ Nghd;w tbtj;ij nfhz;lJ FUisfs; ,f;FUisfs; jirg;gFjpapypUe;J ntsptuhj efq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,f;FUisfs; %d;iwAk; xU Nru <d;W> ghiwapd; gpstpD}Nl Nrhh;Tw;W typikaw;W

grpNahL ,Ue;jJ ngz; Gyp. ngz; Gypapd; grpiag;Nghf;f Mz;Gyp khdpd; elkhl;lj;ij Muha;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,j;jifa fpistopfis cila fhl;blj;Nj nts;sptPjp vd;gts; Nghy ehDk; nry;y

tpUk;gpNdd;. mt;thW nry;yhk;. Mly; Kjypatw;iw ntWj;Njd;. czTk; cz;ztpy;iy. tUe;jp clYk;

nkypTw;wJ. Njhspd; Kd;ida moFk; nfl;lJ. ,t;thW jiytdpd; gphpit Mw;w Kbahky; mOfpNwd;. vd; Mw;whikia Nghf;f xU kUe;Jkpd;wp

,q;Fr; nrayw;W ,Ue;Jtpl;Nld; vdr; nryTzh;j;jpa Njhopf;Fj; jiykfs; $wpdhs;.

6. mlf;fKilikapd; rpwg;gpid ts;Sth; vq;qdk; tphpj;Jiuf;fpwhh;? mlf;fk; cilath; mkuuha; ,d;GWth;. mlf;fkpy;yhjth; eufpy; Jd;GWth;. kf;fSf;F mlf;fNk Nkk;gl;lnry;tk;. Mifahy; ,ij mopahky; fhf;f Ntz;Lk;. mlq;fp tho;tdhapd; mJNt mtDf;F Nkd;ikiaj; jUk;. mlf;fKs;stdpd; cah;T kiyapDk; nghpaJ. vy;NyhUk; nrUf;fpd;wp tho;tJ ey;yJ. mJNt nry;tk; cilath;f;F kw;nwhU nry;tkhFk;.

7. xg;GuthsdJ nry;tk; gad;gL khw;wpid tpsf;Ff. xg;Guthsdplk; cs;s nry;tk; Ch; eLNt cs;s ePh;epiwe;j Fsk; Nghy ahth;f;Fk; gad;gLk;. gOj;Jg; gad;gLk; kuk; Ch; eLNt gOj;J tpsq;fpdhy; mJ vy;NyhUf;Fk; gad;gLk;. jd; vy;yh cWg;GfSk; kUe;jhfpg; gad;gLk; kuk;Nghy vy;NyhUf;Fk; vy;yh tifapYk; vspjpy;

ngw;Wg; gad;ngw cjTk;. 8. mlf;fKilik gw;wp ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

mlf;fk; cilahh; mkuuha; ,d;GWth;. mlf;fkpy;yhjth; eufpy; Jd;GWth;. mlf;fj;ij tpl Nkk;gl;l nry;tk; Ntwpy;iy. Mifahy; mij mopahky; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mlf;fk; ey;Nyhuhy; ghuhl;lg;ngWk;.


















mlq;fp tho;gtdpd; cah;T kiyia tplg;nghpaJ. nry;tuhapDk; mlf;fj;NjhL ,Ue;jhy;> mt;tlf;fNk kw;nwhU nry;tkhFk;. MikNghy; mlq;fp tho;e;jhy; mJ VO gpwtpf;Fk; fhtyha; mikAk;. ehtlf;fk; ,y;yhjth; nrhw;Fw;wj;jpy; mfg;gl;Lj; Jd;GWth;. jPanrhy; NgRtjhy;> gpw mwq;fshy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikAk; jPikaha; KbAk;. ehtpdhy; RLjyhdJ jPapdhy; RLjiytpl nfhbaJ. kd mlf;fk; cilatid mwk; jhdha;j; Njb te;jilAk;.

9. xg;Gutwpjy; gw;wpa fUj;Jfis vOJf.

“cyf eilia mwpe;J cjtp tho;jy; - xg;GuT” ifk;khW fUjhJ nga;Ak;. kio Nghy> gpwUf;F cjTk; xg;GuTfSk; kW cjtpfis

Ntz;Ltd my;y. xUth; Kaw;rp nra;J <l;ba nry;tk; KOtJk; jFjp cilath;f;F cjTtjw;Nf MFk;. Njth; cyfj;jpYk;> ,t;Tyfj;jpYk; xg;GuT Nghy ey;y gpw nray;fisg; ngWjy; mhpJ. gpwUf;F cjtp tho;gtNd caph; tho;gtd; Mthd;. mjid mwpahjth; capUld; tho;e;jhYk;

,we;jtuha;f; fUjg;gLth;. xg;Guthsdplk; cs;s nry;tk;> Ch; eLNt cs;s ePh;epiwe;j Fsk;Nghy ahth;f;Fk; gad;gLk;. Ch; eLNt cs;s gOj;jkuk; Nghy ahth;f;Fk; gad;gLk;. jd; vy;yh cWg;GfSk; kUe;jhfp gad;gLk; kuk;Nghy vy;NyhUf;Fk; vy;yh tifapYk;

gad;gLk;. xg;Guthsh; jd;dplk; cs;s nry;tk; RUq;fpa fhyj;jpYk; gpwUf;F cjt kdk; jsu khl;lhh.; gpwUf;F xg;GuT (cjtp) nra;Ak; Fzk; cilatDf;F> mq;qdk; nra;a Kbahky;

tUe;JtNj kpf;f tWikahFk;. gpwUf;F xg;GuT nra;tjhy; NfL Vw;gbd;. mf;Nfl;ilj; jd;id tpw;whtJ nfhs;sj;jf;fjhFk;.

10. fhykwpjy;-ts;Sth; ciug;gdtw;iw tpsf;Ff.

jd;id tpl typa Nfhl;lhid fhfk; gfypy; nty;Yk;. mJNghy typa giftiu fhyk; mwpe;J nty;y Ntz;Lk;.

fhyj;NjhL tpidnra;tNj nry;tj;ijg; gpzpf;Fk; fapwhFk;. fUtpAk; fhyKk; mwpe;J nra;jhy; Kbahj fhhpak; ,y;iy. fhyk; fUjpr; nra;jhy; Kbahj fhhpak; ,y;iy. fhyk; fUjpr; nra;jhy;> ,t;Tyfj;ij Msf; fUjpdhYk; if$Lk;. cyfk; KOtijAk; iff;nfhs;sf; fUJgth; mjw;Nfw;w fhyj;ij vjph;ghh;j;Jf; fhj;jpUg;gh;.. Ml;Lf;fplha; jd; gif Ml;Lf;fplha; kPJ ghag; gpd; thq;FtJ Nghy> giftiuj; jhf;f chpa

fhyk; tiu fhj;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mwpTilNahh; jk; giftiu nty;y> mjw;Nfw;w fhyk; tUk;tiu jk; kdj;jpNyNa Nfhgk;

nfhz;bUg;gh;. giftiu mopf;Fk; fhyk; tUk; tiu gzpe;njhOf Ntz;Lk;. Vw;wfhyk; tha;j;jJk; mtiu

mopf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vw;wfhyk; tha;j;j NghJ> nra;jw;F mhpa nray;fis vy;yhk; nra;JKbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,iuia vjph;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk; nfhf;F Nghy fhj;jpUe;J> jf;f ,iuiaf; fz;lTld; mJ

nray;gLtJ Nghy> tpiue;J nray;gl;Lr; nraiy Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

11. typawpjy; vd;Dk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ts;Sth; $Wk; fUj;Jfis tpsf;Ff. xUtd; nray;typik> jd; typik> khw;whd; typik> Jiztypik Mfpatw;iw Muha;e;J

mtw;wpy; jd;typik kpFe;jpUe;jhy; xU nraiyr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. nra;af;$baijj; njhpe;J> mjw;fhd topKiwfis mwpe;J nray;gl;lhy; mJ epr;rak; ntw;wp

ngWk;. jd; typikapd; msit mwpahky; xU nraiy Nkw;nfhz;lhy;> Njhy;tpAw;Wf; nflNth>

tpidiaf; iftplNth NeUk;. jd;Dila typik mwpahky; jw;ngUik nfhs;gtd; tpiutha;f; nfl;lopthd;. nky;ypa kapypwNf - MapDk; msTf;fjpfkha; Vw;wpdhy; tz;bapd; mr;R KwpAk;. mJNghy

vspah; gyh; $bdhy; typah; Mthh;.


















kuf;nfhk;gpd; Edptiu Vwpath; mjNdhL mikahJ> NkYk; Vw Kad;why; mk;Kaw;rpNa mtUf;F mopitj; jUk;.

jd;nghUs; itg;G Kiwapy; nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW mstwpe;J nfhLg;gNj Kiwahk;. nghUs; tuT FiwT MapDk; nryT kpfhJ ,Ug;gpd; mjdhy; NfL cz;lhfhJ. mstwpe;J thoNtz;Lk;. mg;gb ,y;iynadpy; tho;f;if cs;sJ Nghyj; Njhd;wp ,y;yhky;

mope;njhopAk;. jd;dplk; cs;s nghUspd; msit MuhahkNy xg;Guit Nkw;nfhz;ltdpd; nry;tk; tpiutpy;

mopAk;. 12. ehtlf;fk; gw;wp jpUts;Sth; $Wtd ahit?

xUtd; jd; ehtpid mlf;fp Ms Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iynadpy; nrhw;Fw;wk; Vw;gl;Lj; Jd;GWthd;. xUtd; $Wk; jPa nrhw;fshy; gpwh;f;Fj; Jd;gk; Vw;gLkhdhy; mtd; nra;j gpw mwq;fshy;

Vw;glf;$ba ed;ikAk; jPikaha; KbAk;. “jPapdhw; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk; MwhNj

ehtpdhw; Rl;l tL” vd;gjw;Nfw;g> neUg;gpdhy; Rl;lg;Gz; clypy; ,Ue;jhYk; kdj;jpy; MwptpLk;. Mdhy; ehtpdhy; Gz;gLk;gb

NgrpaJ vd;Wk; Mwhj; jOk;gha; ,Ue;J Jd;GWj;Jk;. 13. rPtfd; ed;nwdf; fz;l ahopd; rpwg;Gfs; ahit?

rPtfd; ed;nwdf; fz;l aho; nra;ag;gl;l kuj;ij mk;kuj;ij kz;kfs; ngw;whs; vd;Wk;> thdk; vd;Dk; tsh;g;Gj; jhahdts;> kpd;dy; vd;Dk; nghd; ehzpidAila Nkfj;jpd; mUshy;

,dpa ghiy Cl;bdhs; vd;Wk;> vdNt mk;kuk; Neha; ehd;Fk; ePq;fg;ngw;W moF eyk; tpsq;f tsh;e;jJ vd;Wk;> gpd;G ths; nfhz;L ntl;lg;gl;l mk;kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;l ,dpikahd aho; ,J vd;Wk; ahopd;

rpwg;Gfisf; $wpdhd;. 14. rPtfd; ahopd; ghy;fz;l Fw;wq;fs; vit?

,J ePhpy;yhky; nkype;JNghd kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J ePhpNy ,Ue;J mOfpa kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J Kiwaw;w thspdhy; ntl;lg;gl;l kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J ,b jhf;Fz;l kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J coth;fshy; Rlg;gl;L nte;j kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J Kiwaw;w Ntrpkfd; Nghy; rpwg;gpy;yhjJ. ,J Mz;ahid jOt Kwpe;j kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,Wjpahf ,e;j aho; euk;gpirahy; FiwghLilaJ ,itNa rPtfd; ahopd;ghy; fz;l

Fw;wq;fs; MFk;. 15. rPtfd; fhe;jUtjj;ijia aho;g;Nghl;bapy; ntd;w epfo;;r;rpia njhFj;J vOJf.

fYoNtfd; jd; kfs; fhe;jUtjj;ijia aho;g;NghhpNy nty;gth;f;F kzQ;nra;J nfhLf;f tpUk;Gfpwhd;.

jj;ijapd; Njhop tPzhgjp Fw;wq;fis cila gy tPizfisf; rPtfd; Kd; itf;fpwhs;. Mdhy; rPtfd; jd; gue;j mwpitf; nfhz;L Muha;e;J ghh;j;J Fw;wKila tPizia

fPo;f;fz;lthW xJf;fpdhd;. rPtfd; ahopd; ghy;fz;l Fw;wq;fs;: ,J ePhpy;yhky; nkype;JNghd kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J ePhpNy ,Ue;J mOfpa kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J Kiwaw;w thspdhy; ntl;lg;gl;l kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J ,b jhf;Fz;l kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J coth;fshy; Rlg;gl;L nte;j kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J Kiwaw;w Ntrpkfd; Nghy; rpwg;gpy;yhjJ. ,J Mz;ahid jOt Kwpe;j kuj;jhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ. rpwe;j ahioj; Njh;e;njLj;Jr; rpwg;Gfisf; $Wjy;: rPtfd; ed;nwdf; fz;l ahio kz;kfs; ngw;whs; vd;Wk;>


















mk;kuj;ij thdk; vd;Dk; tsh;g;Gj; jhahdts;> kpd;dy; vd;Dk; nghd; ehzpidAila Nkfj;jpd; mUshy; ,dpa ghiy Cl;bdhs;.

vdNt ,k;kuk; Neha; ehd;Fk; ePq;fg;ngw;W moF eyk; tpsq;f tsh;e;jJ. gpd;G ths; nfhz;L ntl;lg;gl;L mk;kuj;jhy; ,e;j aho; nra;ag;gl;lJ vd;Wk; $wpdhd;. gpd;dh; euk;gpd; KWf;if jsh;j;jp mjpy; ,Ue;j Kbia ePf;fp jd; jk;gp eGydplk; euk;G

thq;fp ahopy; mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhd;. jj;ijapd; Njhy;tp:

jj;ij rPtfd; Nky; nfhz;l fhjyhy; gz;Zk; ghlYk; NtWgl;L Gjikahfg; ghbdhs;. jj;ij ghba ghl;Lk; ,irAk; NtW Ntwha; ,Ue;jd. jj;ij rPtfd; Nky; nfhz;l fhjypdhy; vjph;g;ghl;L ghl Kad;W Fuy; eLq;fpj; Njhw;whs;. gpd;

rPtfDf;F khiy R+l;bdhs;. 16. ,lQ;Rl;b nghUs; tpsf;Ff. “euk;nghL tPiz ehtpd; ele;jNjh”

,lk; : rPtfrpe;jhkzpapy; fhe;jUtjj;ij aho;kPl;bg; ghLtijf; Nfl;Nlhh; $wpaJ. nghUs; : fhe;jUtjj;ij ghbaijf; Nfl;lg; gyUk; aho; jdf;Fhpa euk;Gld; ghlhky;> tPiz

jhd; ehthy; ghbaNjh vd;wdh;. tpsf;fk; : fhe;jUtjj;ij tha;jpwe;J ghLk;NghJ ,ir kuGf;Nfw;g ghbdhs;. mijf;Nfl;Nlhh;

mjprapj;J aho;jhd; jdf;Fhpa euk;Gld; ghlhky; tPizf;Fhpa ehitg; ngw;Wg; ghbaNjh vd murh; KjyhNdhh; $wpdh;.

17. ghk;gpd; nraYk; mG+gf;fhpd; nra;ifAk; ahit?

ghk;gpd; nray;: mz;zy; egpngUkhd; mG+gf;fh; kbapd; kPJ Japy; nfhz;lhh;. mg;NghJ mUfpypUe;j Gw;wpd; topNa ghk;G xd;W jiyia ePl;baJ. ,ijf;fz;l mG+gf;fh; egpapd; J}f;fk; fiyahJ ,Uf;f rpe;jpj;jhh;. mG+gf;fhpd; nra;if: jk; Nkyhilapd; xU gFjpiaf; fpopj;J> ghk;G ntspg;gLk; tisNjhWk; Jzpiar;RUl;b

itj;J milj;jhh;. ghk;G kPz;Lk; kw;nwhU tisapy; jiyia ePl;baJ. kPz;Lk; Jzpiaf;fpopj;J me;j tisiaAk; milj;jhh;. ,t;thW xt;nthU tisapYk; ghk;G jiyf;fhl;l vy;yhtw;iwAk; Jzpahy;

milj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhh;. 18. egpfs; ngUkhd; ghk;gpdplk; tpdtpaJk;> ghk;gpd; kWnkhopAk; ahit?

ghk;gpdplk; tpdtpaJ: “ghk;Ng! xU Jd;gKw;W ,k;kiyf;Fiff;F te;J jq;fpapUf;Fk; ehq;fNsh vk; Kd;Ndhh;fNsh VNjDk; jPq;F ,ioj;Js;Nshkh? ehq;fs; vf;Fw;wj;ijAk; nra;atpy;iy. mt;thW ,Uf;f eQ;R jiyf;Nfw eP jPz;baJ vf;fhuzj;jhy;?” vd;W ngUkhd; tpdtpdhh;. ghk;gpd; kWnkhop: mjw;Fg; ghk;G> ePz;l fhykha; vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;j gyd; neUq;fpf; fpl;Lk; rkaj;jpy;> mg;gyd; fpl;lhjthW jLg;gth; vtuhdhYk; jz;bg;gJ cyf ,ay;ghFk;. mjw;F khwha; ehd; vj;jtWk; nra;atpy;iy vd;W kWnkhop $wpaJ.

19. mG+gf;fUf;F ngUkhd; eQ;R jPh;;j;jUspaJ ahq;qdk;?

ngUkhdpd; tho;j;ijg; ngw;w ehfk; mt;tplj;ij tpl;L mfd;wJ. gpd; ngUkhdhh;> mG+gf;fhpd; ghjj;jpy;> ghk;G jPz;ba ,lj;jpy;> jk; ckpo;ePh;j;Jspapid vLj;J jltp tpl;lhh;. egp ngUkhdpd; ckpo;ePh; mG+gf;fhpd; clypy; gutpapUe;j eQ;R KOtijAk; mZ msTk;

,y;yhJ ePf;fpaJ. mth; clypd; khR ePq;FkhW nra;J J}a;ikahf;fp xspngwr;nra;jJ.


















20. N[!N[! vd gilQh; Mh;f;Fk;gbaha; [Ptfd; ciuj;jd ahit? Gfo; epiyj;J epw;Fk; [Ptfd; jd; giltPuh;fis Nehf;fp> ,g;Nghhpy; ePtph; rpe;Jk; xt;nthU Jsp ,uj;jKk; gy Afq;fs; tiu epiyj;J epd;W cq;fs;

Gfiof;$wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. caph; %r;rd;W> Rje;jpuNk. me;j ,uj;jj;Jspfs;> “,e;jg; ghz;b ehl;L kf;fs; Rje;jpuj;ijg; Nghw;Wgth;fs;. gifth;fNs mth;fis neUq;fhjPh;fs;! mth;fSf;F caph; %r;rd;W> Rje;jpuNk MFk;. ,ijf;fdtpYk; ed;wha;f; nfhs;Sq;fs;” vd;W vj;jpirapy; cs;sth;fl;Fk; giw rhw;WNk! Gfopd; fhak;: ,j;jdpg;Nghhpy; ePq;fs; Vw;Fk; fhak; ntw;wpj;jpUkfs; fspg;Gw;W cq;fSf;F Kj;jkpl;L mspj;j

Kj;jpiuahfp vj;jidNah jiyKiwfSf;Fg; Gfopd; rpd;dkhf tpsq;Fk;. Mjyhy; mJ Gfopd; rpd;dkhFk;.

21. gpwe;jhh; vdg;glhjhh; ahh;?

cyfpy; xt;nthU fzj;jpYk; vj;jidNah Ngh; gpwf;fpd;wdh;. vj;jidNah Ngh; ,wf;fpd;wdh;. mtnuy;yhk; cyfpy; gpwe;jth;fsha; mwpQh;fshy; fUjg;gl khl;lhh;.

,fOlk;G: ,t;Tyfpy; gpwe;jth;fSf;F ,U clk;Gfs; cs;sd. jir Kjypa nghUs;fshy; Mfp mopAk; jd;ikAilaJ. mjd; ,opepiy fUjp mwpQh;

mjid ,fo;th;. ,J ,fOlk;G vdg;gLk;. GfOlk;G:

kw;nwhd;W> mj;jifa cliyf;nfhz;L nra;j ew;nray;fshy; vd;Wk; mopahJ cyfpy; epiyj;J epw;gJ.

mj;jifa Gfo; clk;gpidNa mwpQh; Nghw;Wth;. mg;Gfo; clk;igg; ngwhjth; gpwe;jhh; vdg;glhjth; Mthh;.

22. ,lQ;Rl;b nghUs; $Wf. “nte;jow; ftNu ,e;jdk; MFf”

,lk; : kNdhd;kzPak; vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,t;tbfs; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,J [Ptfd; jd; giltPuh;fis Nehf;fp $wpajhFk;.

nghUs; : giltPuh;fNs> ek; kPJ gilnaLj;J te;Js;s Nru ehl;L fath;fs;> cq;fs; kdj;jpy; %l;ba Nfhgj;jPf;F mth;fNs tpwfhfp mopal;Lk; vd;W [Ptfd; $wpdhd;.

tpsf;fk; : Nru ehl;lth; kPJ jk;tPuh;fSf;F rpdk; nghq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf [Ptfd;. mth;fs; %l;ba Nfhgkhfpa neUg;Gf;F mth;fNs tpwfhf Mfl;Lk; vd;W $Wtjd; %yk; gifth;fisj; jhf;fpf; nfhd;W Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; Fwpg;ghy; czh;j;jpdhd;.

23. ehl;bdpYk; fhl;bdpYk; ehnsy;yhk; ed;nwhypf;Fk; ghl;Lfshfg; ghujpahh; vtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;?

fhl;Lg; gwitfs; fyfy vd vOg;Gk; Xir fhw;W kuq;fspilNa tPrp cz;lhFk; xyp Mw;WePh;Xl;lj;jpy; cz;lhFk; xyp fly; xypf;Fk; xyp ngz;fs; md;gpdhy; cly; cUfg; ghLk; ghl;L ePh; ,iwf;fpd;w Vw;wg;ghl;L ney; Fj;Jfpd;w tisay; mzpe;j kfsph; ‘Ff;F’ vd vOg;Gfpd;w xyp kzg;nghbapid ,bf;fpd;w kfsphpd; Rit kpFe;j ,ir ngz;fs; Fk;kp mbj;J ghLk; $l;Lg;ghly; Mlth; jk; tha;fshYk;. iffshYk; Gy;yhq;Foy;> tPiz Kjyhd ,irf;fUtpfs; vOg;Gfpd;w

,irg;ghl;L Mfpatw;iw ehl;bdpYk; fhl;bdpYk; ed;nwhypf;Fk; ghly;fs; vdg; ghujpahh; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.

24. J}J ,yf;fpaj;jpd; ,yf;fzk; vOJf.

jiytd; xUtd;ghy; fhjy; nfhz;l jiytp xUj;jp jd; fhjiyj; jiytDf;F ciuj;J> mtd; khiyiag; ngw;W tUkhW J}J mDg;Gtjhfg; ghlg;gLtJ J}J vd;Dk; ,yf;fpakhFk;.


















J}J jkpopy; toq;Fk; 96 tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;W. nja;tj;jplk; khdplg;ngz; fhjy;nfhz;L J}J tpLg;gjhfTk;> nja;tj;NjhL xg;g kjpf;fj;jf;f khdpld;ghy; khdplg;ngz; J}JtpLg;gjhfTk; ,Utifaha;

J}J mikAk;. J}JE}y; ghLk; Mrphpah; jk;ikNa jiytpaha;g; ghtpj;Jf; nfhz;L ghl;Lilj; jiytdpd;

gz;G eyq;fisAk; ngUikfisAk; gythW Gfo;e;J ghLtJ kughFk;. 25. mofh; jk; rpwg;Gfshf mofh; fps;is tpLJ}J $Wtd ahit?

eurpk;k mtjhukhf J}zpy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wp ,uzpaid mopj;jth;. fhf;Fk; njhopiy nra;j jpUkhy; G+kp KOtijAk; cz;lth;. ntz;nzAld;> G+jfp vd;w muf;fp je;j ghYk; Nghjhky; gpd;Dk; grpj;Jg; gpuk;kidg; ngw;wth;. vq;Fk; epiwe;J epd;wth;. cuYld; fl;lg;gl;lNghJ mjid ,Oj;Jr;nrd;W kUjkuq;fisr; rha;j;jth;. ,t;thW gps;isj;jd;ik ePq;fhj ,ay;Gilath;. ngz;fs; klNyw mofpa Gaq;fis nfhz;lth;. rhgj;jhy; fy;yha; ,Ue;j mfypifia kPz;Lk; cUg;ngwr; nra;j rpwe;j ghjq;fisf;

nfhz;lth;. ghk;G gLf;ifiaj; jiyapy; Rke;jth;. thdth;f;F mkpo;jk; file;j mofpa iffisf; nfhz;lth;. rPijAld; td;fhdfk; nrd;wth;. Ntld; mk;gpdhy; ,t;TyfpypUe;J tpLjiyg; ngw;wth;. vd; fhjy; flypy; %o;fpapUg;gth;. ghw;flypy; kpje;jpUg;gth;. xt;nthUth; cs;sj;jpYk; ,Ug;gth;. cyfj;jpw;F mg;ghYk; ,Ug;gth;. ahh; fz;Zf;Fk; Gyg;glhjth;. mUfpy; ,Ue;Jk; mfg;glhjth;. khad; vd;Dk; ngaUf;Nfw;g kiwe;jpUg;gth;. fz;zd; vd;Dk; ngaUf;Nfw;g vy;yhg;nghUl;fisAk; tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lgth;.

26. mkzh; vd;W $wpg;gpioj;jhhpd; nray;ahJ?

Nrhog;gilf;F mQ;rpa fypq;f tPuh;fs; gyh; jg;gpg; gpiof;f Gjh;fspy; GFe;J Xbdh;. mg;NghJ mth;fsJ jiykapUk;> cLj;jp ,Ue;j MilAk; Kl;Gjhpy; rpf;fpg; gwpf;fg;gl;ld. ,t;thW gwpf;fg;gl;l KbAk; Nghf> kPjKs;s KbfisAk; jhq;fNs gwpj;Jf;nfhz;L ehq;fs;> ‘mkzh;’ vd;W ngha;f;$wpj; jg;gpg;

gpioj;jdh;. 27. ghzh; vd;W $wpg; gpioj;jhhpd; nray; ahJ?

Nrhog;gilf;F mQ;rpa fypq;f tPuh;fs; gyh; ahidfspd; fOj;jpy; fple;j kzpfis vLj;Jf; ifapy; Ve;jpf;nfhz;ldh;.

ehq;fs; njYq;F ghzh;fs; vd;W nrhy;yp kzpfisj; jhsj;Jld; xypj;jdh;. NkYk;> Nridfs; kbe;J fplf;Fk; ,g;Nghh;f;fsj;jpidf; fz;L jpifg;Gw;W epw;fpNwhk;. ehq;fs; cq;fs; mbfspy; thOk; ghzh;fs; vd;W $wp Nrhoh;fspd; fhypy; tpOe;J tzq;fp

caph; jg;gpdh;. 28. fypq;f ehl;by; jg;gpg; gpioj;jd ahit?

Nrhog;giltPuh;fSf;F mQ;rpj; jg;gpf;Fk;NghJ jiyKbAk;> mzpe;j MilAk; ,oe;j fypq;f tPuh;fs; ‘mkzh;’ vd;W ngha;f;$wpj; jg;gpdh;.

tpy;ypd; ehzpidg; G+Z}y; Mf;fp ‘me;jzh;’ vd;W ngha;f;$wpj; jg;gpdh;> njYq;F ghzh; vd;Wk; ngha;f;$wpj; jg;gpdh;.

NkYk;> mth;fs; jtpu kw;w tPuh;fs; midtUNk NrhotPuh;fshy; mopf;fg;gl;ldh;. vdNt VO gphptpid cila me;ehl;bd;fz; Xtpah; vOjp itj;Js;s clk;GfNs jg;gpg;

gpioj;jd.


















29. MLf nrq;fPiu vd;W FkuFUguh; Ntz;LkhW ahq;qdk;? tpuy;fshy; Ritf;fg;gl;l nky;ypjo; twz;L tplhky; ,Uf;f nrq;fPiu Mb mUs;f! tpk;kpAk;> nghUkpAk; cd; nkd;ikahd Fuy; Fd;whky; nrq;fPiu Mb mUs;f! fiue;J tUk; fz;ikNahL fz;fs; rpte;J tplhky; nrq;fPiu Mb mUs;f! ikiaf;fiuj;JtUk; fyq;fy; fz;zPh; mUtp tope;J fUj;j cUtkha; fhl;lhjthW nrq;fPiu

Mb mUs;f! kzpfs; gjpj;j rpWnjhl;biy cijj;J cd; mofpa jpUtbfs; typAwhky; nrq;fPiu Mb

mUs;f! xU fhiy Cd;wp vOe;J ,U iffis xU Nru epyj;jpd; kPJ gjpj;J> jiyepkph;e;J Kfk;

mira mire;J> ,dpikaha; nrq;fPiu Mb mUs;f! goikahd itj;jPRtud; Nfhapy; vd;Dk; Chpy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; Kj;Jf;FkhuRthkpNa nrq;fPiu

Mb mUs;f!

30. Fwj;jp Vjd; kiyiag; gw;wp ciug;gd ahit? mk;ikNa! ehq;fs; tho;tjw;F Kjd;Kjypy; ,Ug;gplkha; mike;j kiy Vjd; vd;Dk; kiyahFk;. Mz;ltd; vq;fisg; gilj;jJ me;j kiyapy;jhd;. mk;ikNa! ePjp vd;w ehy;tuj;ijj; vq;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jNjhL moptw;w tho;T mike;jJk; mk;kiyapy;

jhd;. rhj;jhd; ngha;jidNa $wp vq;fs; mwpitf; nfLj;jJk; mk;kiyapy; jhd;. mij mwpe;J ,iwtd; vq;fisr; rhgkpl;lJk; mk;kiyapy;jhd;. vq;fs; jd;ik NtWgl;L ehq;fs; mk;kiyia tpl;L te;j gpd;G vq;fSf;Fg; ngj;jNyfNk

nghpa kiyaha; mike;jJ. 31. Vjd; kiyiag;gw;wp ePtph; mwptd ahit?

cyifg;gilj;j ,iwtd; G+kpapy; kdpjidg;gilj;J> caphf;;fhw;iw mspf;f kdpjd; caph; ngw;wtd; Mdhd;.

jhd; gilj;j midj;ijAk; gad;gLj;Jk; tpguq;fis khe;jh;fSf;F ,iwtd; toq;fpdhh;. VNjd; Njhl;lj;ij cUthf;fp> mq;F ,Ue;j kuj;jpd; fdpia cz;z Ntz;lhk; vd ,iwtd;

tpjpj;jpUe;jhh;. mf;fdpia cz;lhy; eP nja;tkhtha; vd rhj;jhd; VthisAk; MjhikAk; cz;z itj;jJ. ,iwtd; nrhy;iy kPwpajhy; mth;fs; ,iwtdhy; rgpf;fg;gl;ldh;. Mifahy; khe;jh; jk; ghtj;jhy; VNjd; Njhl;lj;ijAk; kiyiaAk; ,oe;jdh;.

32. jkpo;ehl;lhh; vj;jifa fPh;j;jpiag; ngw Ntz;Lk; vdf; ftpQh; fdT fhz;fpwhh;?

midtUk; fy;tp fw;f Ntz;Lk;. fiy mwpthYk;> tPuj;jhYk;> md;ghYk; kiy Nghd;w cah;e;j Gfiog; ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa cah;itg; ngw;W> jkpoh; ahtUk; ,d;gk; mile;jhh; vd kw;wth;fs; nrhy;ypg;Gfo>

mijf;Nfl;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W jkpo;ehl;lhh; mila Ntz;ba Gfo;Fwpj;J ghujpjhrd; fdT fhz;fpwhh;.

33. ftpQhpd; nrtpapy; te;J gha Ntz;ba nra;jp ahJ?

ek; ,dpikj;jkpo;j;jhapd; ftpijfisg; gpwehl;lhh; Mapuk; nkhopfspy; nkhopngah;j;jpl Mty; nfhs;fpd;wdh; vd;w nra;jp> NjdhW Nghy njhlh;e;J te;J vd; nrtpapy; gha Ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; ftpQh;.

34. itak; fyq;FkhW jkpoh; nra;aj;jf;fJ ahJ?

nts;sk; Nghd;w jkpoh; $l;lk;> mJ ngU tPuk; epiwe;j $l;lk;. clyhy; gyh;> cs;sj;jhy; xUtNu. mt;tsT xw;Wik cilath;fs; jkpoh;fs; mth;fis ea tQ;rfj;jhy; gphpj;jpl ,ayhJ vd ,t;itak; fyq;FkhW xw;Wikaha;

tho;tNj jkpoh; nra;aj;jf;fjhFk;.


















35. MltUk; kfspUk; rkhdj;jh; Mf Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;jpidf; ftpQh; vq;qdk; $wpAs;shh;? fz;fSk; mtw;wpd; xspNghy> kyUk; mtw;wpd; kzKk; Nghy> Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; md;ghy;

xUtiutpl;L xUth; gphpahky; rkkhdth;fsha; tho;fpd;wdh; vd;w nra;jp vd; fhjpy; xypf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ftpQh; tpUk;Gfpwhh;.

36. G+f;fl;Lk; GJik vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; mike;Js;s ftpij mofpid tpthp.

G+f;fpd;w G+f;fnsy;yhk; G+f;fs; my;y> cyfpy; Njhd;Wk; GJikfs; vy;yhk; GJik my;y. kdk; gug;Gk; G+f;fisj; jhd; kf;fs; G+f;fs; vd;gh;. kf;fSf;F ed;ik> ghJfhg;G toq;fpLk; GJikiaj;jhd; mth;fs; GJik vdg;Nghw;Wth;. fhfpjg;G+ Nghd;w kzkpy;yhj GJikf;F mbikahf Ntz;lhk;. ,j;jifa GJikia tpyf;FtNj mwpTilik. R+hpad; tUifahy; jhkiu kyUk;> epyT tUtjhy; my;yp kyUk;. kio tuthy; gaph; nropf;Fk;. cz;ik NgRk; jpUf;Fwshy; cyfk; rphpf;Fk;. J}atuhk; jpUts;Sth; topepd;W nghJTilikr; rKjhak; fhz Kad;why; cyfk; tpUk;Gk;

GJik G+f;Fk;. ,t;thW GJik> GJik my;yhjtw;iwAk;> fhyk; ntd;w GJikiaAk; ctikfs; thapyhf

Kbaurd; $WtJ ftpijf;F mo$l;LfpwJ. 37. jis vd;Dk; ghly;%yk; ftpQh; czh;j;j tpUk;Gk; fUj;Jfs; ahit?

Nrhisf;nfhy;iyapNy jl;ilapd; jiyg;gFjp NjhWk; Kj;Jfs; Kjph;e;J tsh;e;Js;sd. taypd; fjph;fs; jiyrhAk; tz;zk; jhs;NjhWk; ney;kzpfs; epiwe;jpUf;fpd;wd. ‘nfhO nfhO’ ntd;W nfhOf;fl;ilg;Gy; Njhl;lj;jpNy tsh;e;jpUf;fpwJ. gaph;fnsy;yhk; ed;F nropj;J tsh;e;j gpwF mtw;iwnay;yhk; mDgtpf;f ,ayhjthW fhis

fl;lg;gl;L ,Uf;fpd;wJ. MiyfspYk;> tay;ntspfspYk; cw;gj;jp ngUf Vio ciog;ghsp my;Yk; gfYk; jd;

ciog;ig mspf;fpwhd;. mg;nghUs;fisNah mtw;iw tpw;Wg; ngwg;gLk; nry;tj;ijNah ngWgth;fs; mt;Tiog;gpy;

rpwpJk; gq;Fngwhj cilikahsh;fs;. ciog;ig ey;fp nghUis cUthf;fpa Vio ciog;ghspfNsh cilikaw;wtd; vd;Dk;

jisahy; jLf;fg;gl;L Vf;fk; epuk;gpa ghh;itNahL tho;fpd;wdh;. 38. jz;zPh; tq;fpfs; vd;w jiyg;gpd; fPo; e.fUzhepjp ciug;gd ahit?

epyj;jb ePiunay;yhk; ,ae;jpuk; nfhz;L ,iwj;J ntspNa nfhz;L te;J gad;gLj;jp tpl;Nlhk;.

Ntshz;ikj;Jiwapy; gRikg;Gul;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; Njitf;F mjpfkhfNt jhdpaq;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Jtpl;Nlhk;.

,jdhy; epyj;jb ePh; twz;L Fbg;gjw;Ff; $l ePiuf; fhR nfhLj;J thq;FfpNwhk;. ehk; tq;fpapy; Nrkpj;j gzj;ij Njit Vw;gLk; NghJ nrytopg;gijg;Nghy jz;zPh;

tq;fpfSk; Ntz;Lk;. thdj;jpypUe;J kioePiur; Nrfhpf;f tPl;ilr;Rw;wp kz;jiufs; mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; vjph;fhy khdplr;re;jjpiaf; fhg;Nghk; vdf;$Wfpwhh;.

39. mg;gh; ngUkpjKk;> jd;ddk;gpf;ifAk; nghjpag; ghba ghly; fUj;ij tpsf;Ff.

rkz rkaj;jpypUe;J kPz;Lk; irt rkaj;jpw;F khwpajhy;> mg;giuj; jz;bf;Fk; Nehf;NfhL kd;dd; jd; gzpahsh;fis Vtpdhd;. mg;NghJ mg;gh;> ehk; Mh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk;: vy;yh caph;fSf;Fk; jiytdhd rptDf;Nf ehk; mbikaha; cs;Nshk;. mtd; jpUtbfisNa milf;fykha;f; nfhz;L tpl;Nlhk;. MfNt ,t;Tyfpy; vtUf;Fk; ahk; gzpNahk;. ekid mQ;Nrhk;: fhyidf; fhyhy; cijj;jth; rptd;. MfNt ehd; cq;fs; kd;dDf;F kl;Lky;y> vkDf;Fk; mQ;Nrhk;.


















eufj;jpy; ,lh;g;gNlhk;: ,Utpidfis Rl;nlhpf;Fk; rptngUkhdpd; ghjkyh;fisg; gw;wpa ahk; eufk; Fwpj;J mr;rk;

nfhs;sj; Njitapy;iy. eliy ,y;Nyhk;: ,t;thW ahk; $Wtijg; ngha; vdf;$w Ntz;lhk;. mr;rk; cilatNu ngha;f;$Wk; mtrpak; cilath;. nka;ahd xd;iw Nktpa ahk; ngha;Ak; ,y;yhjth; MNthk;. gzpNthk; my;Nyhk;: VNjDk; xd;iw Ntz;bg; ngWk; epiyapy; ,Ue;jhy; md;Nwh> xUtiug; gzpa Ntz;b NehpLk;. vy;yhr;nry;tq;fisAk; toq;ff;$ba rptngUkhidg; gw;wp tpl;Nlhk;. Mjyhy; mtiuj;jtpu

ahiuAk; gzpNthk; my;Nyhk;. MfNt tpUg;G ntWg;gw;w ,d;gJd;gq;fsw;w gpzp%g;gw;w rptngUkhd; jpUtbfisg; gw;wp

vkf;F ,dp mopahj> “,d;gNk ve;ehSk;> Jd;gkpy;iy ve;ehSk;” vd;whh;.

40. rpYitkpir fz;l ,iwtdJ gz;gha; vr;.V.fpU\;zgps;is $Wtd ahit? Njth;fSf;nfy;yhk; Njtdha; ,Ug;gth; ,NaR. mth; KbNt ,y;yhj ,iwth;. goikahd jpUkiwf;$Wk; nghUsha; ,Ug;gth;. rpwe;j gz;Gfisf; nfhz;lth;. xU gaDk; vjph;ghuhky; cjTgth;. cyfpy; cs;s kf;fs; Jd;gj;jhy; mope;J tplhjgb fhf;f> kdpj tbtk; nfhz;L tplhg;gpbaha; Kd;dpd;W elj;jpf; fhl;Lgth;.

41. tPuNrhopa Nkw;Nfhs; Gj;j ngUkhid topgLk; moif tpthp.

Nghjp kuj;jpd; jpUepoypy; vy;yh cz;ikfisAk; czh;e;j Gj;j khKdptNd! flyhy; R+og;gl;l ,t;Tyfpy; kf;fs; ahtUk; njhoj;jf;f tifapy; kdk; xUikg;gl;L

tho;thuhf! ey;tpid> jPtpid vd ,Ugpzpfs; mfy tho;thuhf! fhkk;> ntFsp> kaf;fkhfpa Kg;gif ntd;W tho;thuhf! mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL Mfpa ehy;tifg; nghUs;fis czh;e;J> ePq;fhj ,d;gj;NjhL neLq;fhyk; tho;thuhf vd;W cd;id tzq;FNthk;.

mzpiar; Rl;b tpsf;Ff: 1. Edpf;nfhk;gh; Vwpdhh; m/jpwe;J Cf;fpd; caph;f; fpWjpahfp tpLk;.

mzp : gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp mzp tpsf;fk; : ctikiaf; $wp> ctNkaj;ijg; ngw itg;gJ gpwpJnkhopjyzp MFk;.

nghUj;jk; : nfhk;gpd; Edptiu Vwpath;> mjNdhL epy;yhky; NkYk; Vw Kad;why; mk;Kaw;rp mth; capUf;F mopitj; jUk;. Mifahy; gifNky; nrd;w murd; jd; typikahy; nry;Yk; msT fle;Jk; mjNdhL ,y;yhky; nrUf;fhy; NkYk; Kad;why; mk;Kaw;rp mopitj;jUk;. ,t;thW ctikiaf; $wp ctNkaj;ijg; ngw itj;jjhy; gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp Mapw;W. 2. gPypnga; rhfhLk; mr;rpWk; mg;gz;lk; rhy kpFj;Jg; ngapd;

mzp: gpwpJ nkhopjyzp mzp tpsf;fk;: ctikiaf; $wp> ctNkaj;ijg; ngw itg;gJ gpwpJnkhopjyzp MFk;.

nghUj;jk;: nky;ypa kapypwF jhNd vd;W msTf;fjpfkhf tz;bapy; Vw;wpdhy; tz;bapd; mr;R KwpAk;. Mifahy; xUtd; typaNd MapDk; vspah; vd;W gifNky; nry;tuhapd; mth;fs; gyh; $bdhy; typik mope;J nfl NeUk;. ,t;thW ctikiaf;$wp ctNkaj;ijg; ngwitg;gJ gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp Mapw;W


















3. gfy;nty;Yk; $ifiaf; fhf;if ,fy;nty;Yk;

Nte;jh;f;F Ntz;Lk; nghOJ. mzp: vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp. mzp tpsf;fk; : ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; xUthf;fpakhfTk; mike;J> Nghy Nghd;w

ctk cUGfs; kiwe;J tUtJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp MFk;. ctik : gfy;nty;Yk; $ifiaf; fhf;if ctNkak; : ,fy;nty;Yk; Nte;jh;f;F Ntz;Lk; nghOJ. ctk cUG : (kiwe;J tUtJ) Nghy tpsf;fk; : gfw;nghOjpy; jd;id tpl typa Nfhl;lhid fhfk; ntd;WtpLk;. mJNghy jd;idf;fhl;bYk; typa giftiuf; fhykwpe;J Nghhpl;lhy; nty;yyhk;.

4. Ntw;Wikazpia tpsf;Ff. mzp tpsf;fk;: ,U nghUs;fSf;F xg;Gik $wp gpd;dh; NtWgLj;jp> xd;iw tpl xd;W cah;e;jjha; $WtJ Ntw;Wikazp. (v.L) jPapdhw; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk;; MwhNj

ehtpdhy; Rl;l tL. tpsf;fk;: jPapdhy; RLjYk; ehtpdhy; RLjYk; xg;Gik Njhd;wf; $wg;gl;ld. jPahy; Rl;lg;Gz; MWk;. ehtpdhy; Rl;lJ MwhJ vd NtWgLj;jpf; $wg;gl;likahy; Ntw;Wikazpf;Fg; nghUj;jk; Mapw;W.

5. nfhf;nfhf;f $k;Gk; gUtj;J kw;wjd; Fj;njhf;f rPh;j;j ,lj;J. mzp : njhopy; ctikazp. mzp tpsf;fk;: ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk;> ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk; mike;J Nghy vd;W ctk cUG ngw;W tUtJ ctikazpahFk;. nfhj;Jfpd;w njhopiyf; Fwpg;gjhy; ,J njhopy; ctikazp Mapw;W. ghly; nghUs;: jdf;Fhpa ,iuahfpa nghpa kPid vjph;ghh;j;J mikjpaha; fhj;jpUe;J> mk;kPd; te;jTld; jtwhky; Fj;jp vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; nfhf;F. mJNghy xU nraiyr; nra;tjw;F Vw;w fhyk; tha;f;fhj NghJ mikjpaha; ,Ue;J fhyk; tha;j;jJk; mr;nraiyj; jtwhky; nra;J Kbj;jy;.

6. ghlhz; jpiziar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff. ghlhz; jpiz: ghlhz;jpiz = ghL + Mz; + jpiz ghlg;gLk; Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs; xU kd;ddJ Gfo;> typik> ts;sd;ik> mUs; Kjyhdtw;iw Ma;e;J $WtJ ghlhz;

jpizahFk;. ghlg;gLfpd;w Mz;kfdJ xOfyhw;iwf; $WtJ ,j;jpizapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. rhd;W: “tiuah kugpd; khhp Nghyf;

flhm ahidf; fow;fhy; Ngfd; nfhilklk; gLj yy;yJ gilklk; glhd;gpwh; gilkaf; FwpNd”

rhd;W tpsf;fk;: kioahdJ tw;wpa Fsj;jpYk;> tpisepyj;jpYk; nga;Ak;. mt;thwpd;wp fsh;epyj;jpYk; nga;Ak; ,ay;GilaJ. mJNghy Ngfd; ,utyh;f;Ff; nfhLg;gjpy; mwpahik cs;stdha; ,Ug;ghd;. gpwh; gilnfhz;L Nghhpl;lhy; Nghh;newpf;Fr; rpwpJk; khwhky; mth;fNshL Nghhpl;L ntw;wp

ngWthd;.


















Gzh;r;rp tpjp

1. “cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ.

1. nghUsidj;Jk; = nghUs; + midj;Jk; 2. cWkplk; = cWk; + ,lk; 3. jhshw;wp = jhs; + Mw;wp 4. NtNyW = Nty; + VW 5. Njdpdk; = Njd; + ,dk; 6. cUNkW = cUk; + VW 7. GfOlk;G = Gfo; + clk;G 8. ,tnuy;yhk; = ,th; + vy;yhk; 9. ePNuhir = ePh; + Xir 10. rpj;jnuy;yhk; = rpj;jh; + vy;yhk; 11. <dKs;s = <dk; + cs;s 12. ePUw;W = ePh; + Cw;W 13. Jd;gkpy;iy = Jd;gk; + ,y;iy 14. ,ldw = ,ld; + mw

2. <WNghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ

1. nrk;kyh; = nrk;ik + kyh; 2. mUkiw = mUik + kiw 3. nkd;fhdfk; = nkd;ik + fhdfk; 4. ntz;Fio = ntz;ik + Fio 5. KJRUjp = KJik + RUjp 6. nrk;nghd; = nrk;ik + nghd;

3. <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ.

1. goe;jkpo; = goik + jkpo; 2. gRk; nghd; = gRik + nghd; 3. nrOk;Gfo; = nrOik + Gfo; 4. ngUq;fly; = ngUik + fly; 5. mUe;jtq;fs; = mUik + jtq;fs; 6. ngUe;jkpo; = ngUik + jkpo; 7. nfhLq;fz; = nfhLik + fz;

4. “G+g;ngah; Kd; ,dnkd;ikAe; Njhd;Wk;” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ.

1. g+q;nfhb = G+ + nfhb 2. G+e;njhil = G+ + njhil

5. jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W caph;thpd; ,ul;Lk; > cly; Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng vd;Dk;

tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ. 1. vk;Kaph; = vk; + caph; 2. gz;nzhd;W = gz; + xd;W 3. Gz;nzz;zp = Gz; + vz;zp

6. “,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph;Kd; frjg kpFk;” ; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ.

1. gyhg;gok; = gyh + gok; 2. Edpf;nfhk;gh; = Edp + nfhk;gh;


















3. jPr;nrhy; = jP + nrhy; 4. rpiyj;njhopy; = rpiy + njhopy; 5. Jisg;gy; = Jis + gy; 6. tisf;fuq;fs; = tis + fuq;fs; 7. Mlg;Nghe;J = Ml + Nghe;J 8. ifj;jpwk; = if + jpwk; 9. nkhopf;Fws; = nkhop + Fws; 10. nkhopg;nghUis = nkhop + nghUis

7. “caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk; ” “cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng” vd;Dk;

tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ. 1. fUj;jjDs; = fUj;J + mjDs; 2. mr;rpWk; = mr;R + ,Wk; 3. Ie;jlf;fy; = Ie;J + mlf;fy; 4. nfhf;nfhf;f = nfhf;F + xf;f 5. MfhW = MF + MW 6. mkpo;Jwo; = mkpo;J + cwo; 7. khrw = khR + mw 8. mth;f;Faph; = mth;f;F + caph; 9. ahh;f;fJ = ahh;f;F + mJ 10. KuriwANk = KuR +miwANk 11. $l;lKJk; = $l;L + mKJk; 12. ed;nwhypf;Fk; = ed;W + xypf;Fk; 13 cz;lUsp = cz;L + mUsp 14. mKJ}wpa = mKJ + Cwpa 15. cyfidj;Jk; = cyF + midj;Jk;

8. “ys Ntw;Wikapw; wlTk;” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ.

1. fow;fhy; = foy; + fhy; 2. fl;Flk; = fy; + Flk; 3. nghUl;gad; = nghUs; + gad; 4. thl;Gz; = ths; + Gz;

9. “Kw;Wk; mw;W xNuh top”> “cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng” vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ.

1. fjtilg;G = fjT + milg;G 2. nrytah;e;jprpd; = nryT + mah;e;jprpd; 3. nrwptwpe;J = nrwpT + mwpe;J

10. “kt;tPW xw;wope;J caphPW xg;gTk;”, “,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph; Kd; frjg kpFk;” vd;Dk;

tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ. 1. mfyj;njhl;b = mfyk; + njhl;b 2. Nrhsf;nfhy;iy = Nrhsk; + nfhy;iy 3. fhfpjg;G+ = fhfpjk; + G+ 4. epyj;jiyth; = epyk; + jiyth; 5. epyf;fhg;G = epyk; + fhg;G 6. fhdg;gwit = fhdk; + gwit 7. tyj;jhs; = tyk; + jhs;


















11. “,<I top at;Tk; Vid caph;top tt;Tk;> VKd; ,t;tpUikAk; caph;thpd; clk;gL nka;nad;whFk; vd;Dk; tpjpg;gb Gzh;e;jJ.”

1. epd;wnthd;Nw = epd;w + xd;Nw 2. ehitairj;j = ehit + mirj;j 3. typawpahh; = typ + mwpahh; 4. jPnahpe;J = jP + vhpe;J 5. NraOF = Nr + moF 6. mUtpnahyp =mUtp + xyp 7. NridaUe;jp = Nrid + mUe;jp 8. RitAz;L = Rit + cz;L 9. fPh;j;jpnaa;jp = fPh;j;jp + va;jp 10. gpzpawpNahk; = gpzp + mwpNahk;

jahupg;G jpU. j. nry;Nte;jpud; KJfiy gl;ljhup Mrpupau;

muR Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> %thD}u;> jpUr;rp

jahupg;gpy; cjtp jpUkjp. eh. Njtpfh RNu\; MA., B.Ed., P.G.D.C.A.,

ntw;wpf;F top Mrpupau; FO
















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