FM1011_Deluge & PreAction

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Approval Standard

for

Deluge Systems

andPreaction Systems

Class Number 1011 and 1012

November 1973

2002 FM Approvals LLC. All rights reserved.


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Foreword

FM Approvals are intended to verify that the products and services described will meet stated conditions ofperformance, safety and quality useful to the ends of property conservation. The purpose of FM ApprovalStandards is to present the criteria for FM Approval of various types of products and services, as guidance forFM Approvals personnel, manufacturers, users and authorities having jurisdiction.

Products submitted for Approval shall demonstrate that they meet the intent of the Approval Standard, and thatquality control in manufacturing and/or applications shall ensure a consistently uniform and reliable product orservice. FM Approval Standards strive to be performance-oriented and to facilitate technological development.

For examining equipment, materials and services, FM Approval Standards:

a) must be useful to the ends of property conservation by preventing, limiting or not causing damageunder the conditions stated by the Approval listing; and

b) must be readily identifiable.

Continuance of Approval and Listing depends on compliance with the Approval agreement, satisfactoryperformance in the field, on successful re-examinations of equipment, materials, and services as appropriate, andon periodic follow-up audits of the manufacturing facility or service/application.

FM Approvals LLC reserves the right in its sole judgement to change or revise its standards, criteria,methods, or procedures.


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TABLE OF CONTENTSI. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Basis for Approval ............................................................................................................................................................ 1

II. DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2

2.1 Automatic Water Control Valves ....................................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Release Mechanisms/Automatic Release ........................................................................................................................... 2

2.3 Fire Detection Devices/Actuating Mechanisms ................................................................................................................. 2

2.4 Supervisory Air Supply Systems ....................................................................................................................................... 2

2.5 Power and Control Units .................................................................................................................................................... 3

2.6 Auxiliary Equipment .......................................................................................................................................................... 3

III. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................................. 3

3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

3.2 Markings ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3

3.3 Sizes .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.4 Rated Working Pressure ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

3.5 Instructions and Test Equipment ........................................................................................................................................ 43.6 Serviceability ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4

3.7 Non-Electrical Fire Detection Devices .............................................................................................................................. 4

IV. DESIGN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................... 4

4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

4.2 Materials ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.3 Construction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5

4.4 Operation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

4.5 Power Supplies ................................................................................................................................................................... 5

4.6 Circuitry .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

V. TESTS ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................... 6

5.1 Operation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.2 Power Supply Back-Up ................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.3 Malfunction Tests ............................................................................................................................................................... 65.4 Solenoid Valves .................................................................................................................................................................. 6

5.5 Environmental Tests ........................................................................................................................................................... 6

5.6 Other ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

VI. DESIGN MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ............................................................................................................................. 7

6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

6.2 Materials ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.3 Construction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7

6.4 Operation ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.5 Alarm and Trouble Signals ................................................................................................................................................ 7

VII. TESTS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS .............................................................................................................................. 8

7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

7.2 System Operation ............................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.3 Hydrostatic Tests ................................................................................................................................................................ 87.4 Supervisory Air System ...................................................................................................................................................... 8

7.5 Environmental Tests ........................................................................................................................................................... 8

APPENDIX A: UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ........................................................................................................................... 9

APPENDIX B: APPROVAL MARKS ........................................................................................................................................ 10


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I. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 Deluge and Preaction Systems are approved as complete systems to be engineered and installed by themanufacturer or a qualified sprinkler system installer. Both systems are normally without water in thesystem piping and the water supply is controlled by an automatic valve operated by heat responsivedevices and manual devices independent of the sprinklers.

1.1.2 Deluge Systems have open sprinklers and are used where it is desirable to deliver water simultaneouslythrough all sprinklers in the system. These systems are used in such locations as aircraft hangars, pyroxylinstorage or working areas, and similar special hazard occupancies requiring the immediate application oflarge quantities of water over large areas.

1.1.3 Preaction Systems have many of the same components used in deluge systems. Two important differencesare that normally closed sprinklers are used, and that supervisory air pressure may be maintained in thesprinkler piping. These systems may be used wherever a wet- or dry-pipe system is applicable and where

it is desirable to have a dry-pipe system comparable in speed to a wet-pipe system. These systems normallyprovide an alarm before sprinklers operate, reduce the risk of water freezing, and minimize the waterdamage due to premature operation or mechanical injury.

1.2 Basis for Approval

1.2.1 FM Approval is based on examination and tests of production samples, inspection of manufacturing andquality control facilities, and satisfactory field experience. The following items are carefully evaluated inthe course of an examination: functional suitability, operational reliability, adequacy of design and work-manship, uniformity and dependability of production, effectiveness of quality control, and availability ofreplacement parts and service.

1.2.2 The requirements of this standard are intended as guidelines reflecting current FM Approval tests andpractices. Items which do not precisely conform to these requirements may be Approved if shown toperform as well as or superior to Approved items and to meet the intent of this standard. In the same way,items that do conform to each of these written requirements may not be Approved if other considerationsseriously affect the performance of the product.

1.2.3 Deluge and preaction systems are composed of many components, some or all of which may be Approvedas separate items for use in other fire protection applications. Examples include: release mechanisms usedfor closing fire doors; supervisory air supplies for dry-pipe systems; smoke, fire and heat detectors in alarmcircuits; pressure switches, water motor gongs, control valves, and pressure gages for use in manyapplications. Examination of each item will be based on the performance of the item as a component ofthe deluge or preaction system. Testing of previously approved components may not be performed at thediscretion of FM Approvals; however, additional testing may be required if it is felt necessary in order tojudge the system performance.

November 1973 1011 and 1012

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II. DESCRIPTION

2.1 Automatic Water Control Valves

Water control valves hold back water from the deluge or preaction system piping until automatically released bya system of electrical, pneumatic, or hydraulic signaling and releasing devices. These valves are usually singleor multiple clapper valves, with the clappers held on their seats by a series of latches and levers or by differentialwater pressure. Water control valves may be used for applications other than deluge and preaction systems (suchas special extinguishing systems of sprinklers, spray nozzles, or mechanical foam-making equipment) and areexamined in accordance with Approval Standard Class No. 1020 (Water Control Valves, Automatic).

2.2 Release Mechanisms/Automatic Releases

Release mechanisms act to trip the automatic water control valve after receiving a mechanical, pneumatic,hydraulic, or electrical signal from the fire detection device(s). Examples include a diaphragm connected to aseries of levers which releases a latched weight to trip the water control valve, and a solenoid which, when

energized or de-energized, acts on a series of levers to trip the water control valve. Release mechanismsassociated with differential type automatic control valves are simply diaphragm by-pass valves which vent thedifferential pressure chamber of the water control valve. Release mechanisms can also be used to perform avariety of other mechanical actions including operating fire doors, ventilation systems, dip tank covers, andmotor stops; however, the release mechanisms used for deluge and preaction systems are specifically matchedto the automatic water control valve used in that system.

2.3 Fire Detection Devices/Actuating Mechanisms

The component of a deluge or preaction system that actually detects and signals the presence of a fire is the firedetection device. Heat responsive devices may have either or both a fixed temperature release mode and arate-of-rise release mode which actuates the release mechanism electrically, pneumatically, or hydraulically. Fire

detection devices are distributed throughout the same area as the sprinklers. Those which are approved can bespaced so as to be at least as sensitive as an automatic sprinkler. Fire detection devices are examined inaccordance with Approval Standard Class No. 3210 (Thermostats for Automatic Fire Detection) or No. 3230-3250 (Smoke Actuated Detectors for Automatic Fire Alarm Signaling). Other types of fire detection devices, ifused in deluge and preaction systems, will be evaluated during the system examination in accordance withappropriate approval requirements.

2.4 Supervisory Air Supply Systems

Supervised air supplies are required for the pneumatic actuation systems used in some deluge and preactionsystems. Supervised air is also required for the sprinkler piping (when more than 20 sprinklers are installed) inpreaction systems. These systems use air pumps, compressors, reliable plant air systems, or nitrogen supplies.Typical components include dehydrators, check valves, pressure switches, gages, and regulating devices.

1011 and 1012 November 1973

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2.5 Power and Control Units

Power and control units are used on deluge and preaction systems with electrical signaling devices. Thesesystems have a power supply consisting of a normal current source with a reliable back-up system. The controlunit indicates a fire condition or electrical malfunction, operates various trouble and alarm systems, and trips thewater control valve.

2.6 Auxiliary Equipment

Each deluge and preaction system utilizes various pieces of auxiliary equipment depending on the type of systemand the specific conditions of installation. This may include: (1) trouble lights and horns to indicate low airsupply in pneumatic systems or loss of normal power in electrical systems, (2) position monitoring switches onvalves, (3) hydraulic and electrical alarms to indicate water flow, (4) anti-water columning devices and anti-flooding valves on hydraulic systems, (5) air filters, restrictions, and mercury check valves in pneumatic systems.

III. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

3.1 General

Deluge systems and preaction systems are installed as complete systems at a particular location by a specificmanufacturer or sprinkler system installer. Component parts of these systems may be examined and Approvedin accordance with other Approval standards, however, the intent of this standard is to provide requirements foreach system in terms of its overall performance. The design and test sections of this standard have been dividedinto two parts: Electrical Systems and Mechanical Systems. This division is for convenience of presentation and

does not indicate definitive boundaries; each system will be evaluated in accordance with applicable portions ofboth sections.

3.2 Markings

Each component of the system shall be permanently marked with the manufacturers name or trademark;applicable operating characteristics, such as rated working pressure, rated temperature and electrical ratings; size,type or model number; and year of manufacture. In addition, it is recommended that Approved items be markedwith the symbol of FM Approval.

3.3 Sizes

Standard sizes for automatic water control valves are: 1 12, 2, 212, 3, 4, and 6 in. NPS (25, 38, 51, 64, 76, 102,and 152 mm). Additional sizes may be Approved if there is a demonstrated need for them. Other systemcomponents are sized or rated in relation to the water control valve.

3.4 Rated Working Pressure

All deluge and preaction system components which came in contact with system water pressure shall have aminimum rated working pressure of 175 psig (1216 kPa).


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3.5 Instructions and Test Equipment

The following material shall be provided with each deluge or preaction system:

A wiring diagram for all electrical components and a schematic of the system with all components

properly identified.

A piping diagram showing the arrangement of all components, piping, and fittings used in themechanical system.

A description of the sequence of operation of all components under such conditions as fire, break in firedetection circuit, low supervisory air pressure, primary power failure, and other operations.

Complete installation, maintenance, and operating instructions for all components of the system.

A suitable test unit for simulating a fire condition under a fire detection device.

3.6 Serviceability

Deluge and preaction systems are complicated systems initially installed and set-up by the manufacturer orsprinkler system installer. The system shall be designed so that routine maintenance and tests can be performedeasily by one person without special knowledge of the system. Adequate provisions shall be made to preventunauthorized tampering with system components while maintaining the ability to service the system in case ofmalfunction.

3.7 Non-Electrical Fire Detection Devices

This category of detectors includes those that produce a non-electrical (mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic)signal when a fire condition is discovered. These detectors will be examined in accordance with applicableportions of Approval Standards 3210 and 3230-50, including the sections titled, Construction and Materials,Spacing, Operation and Marking. These devices will also: (1) be examined to applicable portions of thisstandard, (2) have all operating characteristics described by the manufacturer evaluated and verified and (3) be

subjected to specific tests applicable to the particular design and construction of the device.

IV. DESIGN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

4.1 General

The requirements of this section apply to all electrical components which are part of a deluge or preaction

sprinkler system. Some components used in deluge and preaction systems may be designed and used for otherapplications. It may not be necessary to retest such Approved components during system examination; however,particular emphasis will be given to their performance as a part of the deluge or preaction system.


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4.2 Materials

All electrical components shall be constructed of materials suitable to resist the ambient conditionscommon to industrial occupancies, and be able to withstand the abuse associated with normal installationand handling. Parts exposed to moisture shall be of corrosion resistant materials.

4.3 Construction

4.3.1 All electrical components shall be designed to accommodate conventional wiring and mountingmethods without placing undue strain on wiring, ducts, or piping systems. Electrical contacts,operating members, and setting adjustments shall be adequately protected from atmosphere ordamage by a suitable enclosure or housing (equivalent to NEMA Type 1, General-Purpose).

4.3.2 Electrical components mounted on or near the water control valve shall be enclosed in a housingequivalent to NEMA Type 4, watertight.

4.4 Operation

4.4.1 All components associated with the operation of any electrical or mechanical release, switch, orautomatically operated valve shall be of sufficient size and design to operate in a positive mannerwith no sluggishness. The system shall be capable of performing at least twice the work necessaryto perform a specific action or operation at the maximum rated conditions. A solenoid, for example,used to move a latch or lever should be able to move the same latch or lever if twice the resistanceof the normal movement is encountered.

4.4.2 Electrical systems shall exhibit no significant changes in operational characteristics through therange of input voltages from 85% to 110% of rated.

4.4.3 Each component shall be able to operate in an environment from 32F to 125F (273K to 324K)throughout its expected life without adverse effects.

4.4.4 Each system shall have means to manually test system components without flooding sprinklerpiping.

4.5 Power Supplies

4.5.1 The normal source of power shall be from a reliable electrical source. Adequate circuitry shall beprovided to automatically switch to the back-up power supply in case of loss of normal power.Alarms shall be provided to indicate any loss of power or malfunction in the normal power supply.

4.5.2 The back-up power supply shall be an independent and reliable system. Suitable equipment shall beprovided to maintain the back-up system in a constant state of readiness and to check the conditionof the system during periodic maintenance.

4.6 Circuitry

4.6.1 All current carrying components shall: (1) be of high quality, (2) be conservatively sized for theservice and rating, (3) be suitably insulated, covered or separated by at least 18 in. (3 mm) and (4)be provided with proper overcurrent protection.

4.6.2 The fire detecting circuitry shall be the closed, electrically supervised type arranged to give anaudible trouble signal when a break in the circuit occurs. In the event of a break in the circuit, meansshall be provided to manually or automatically rearrange the system and keep it operable on openunsupervised circuits until repairs are made. The trouble signal may be silenced when the system isrearranged as long as means are provided to clearly indicate that the system is in an abnormalcondition.


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4.6.3 The release circuitry shall be the closed, electrically supervised type arranged to give an audibletrouble signal when a break in the circuit occurs or the release operates. The trouble signal shall bewired to continue operating until the break is repaired or the release is reset.

V. TESTS ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

5.1 Operation

The system shall be operated with water pressures varied from 20 psig (138 kPa) to the maximum ratedworking pressure and power supply voltages varied from 85% to 110% of rated. The water control valveand all associated equipment shall operate satisfactorily for all conditions stated, both automatically andmanually, and using the primary power source and the back-up power source.

5.2 Power Supply Back-Up

With primary power supply disconnected, the back-up supply shall power the system for a total of 90 hourscontinuously. At the end of this period, the back-up supply shall be able to operate the system at themaximum rated pressure and provide a satisfactory alarm for at least 10 minutes.

5.3 Malfunction Tests

Breaks in power supply circuits, fire detection circuits, solenoid release circuits, general wiring, troublecircuits, and other areas will be simulated. All specified alarms and trouble indicators shall operatesatisfactorily. Audible trouble alarms shall be able to meet the sound level requirements stated in Approval

Standard Class 3151-3152, Section III (Tests).

5.4 Solenoid Valves

Solenoid operated valves shall be subjected to an endurance test of 20,000 operations against normalsystem pressure (up to maximum rated working pressure). No malfunction or leakage shall occur as aresult of this test.

5.5 Environmental Tests

System components which may be affected by extremes of temperature will be tested as follows:

The component will be maintained in its normal operating condition at an ambient temperature

of 32F (273K) for a minimum of 96 hrs. The component will then be maintained at an ambienttemperature of 125F (325K) for a minimum of 96 hrs. No impairment of component functionshall result from these tests.

5.6 Other

Other tests may be required at the discretion of FM Approvals.


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VI. DESIGN MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

6.1 General

Mechanical systems operate hydraulically, pneumatically or both. Some systems are designed to utilizeseveral methods of operation or combinations of electrical and mechanical actuations, depending on theconditions of the installation. Systems that utilize combinations of electrical and mechanical devices willbe evaluated on a case by case basis in accordance with applicable portions of the electrical and mechani-cal sections of this standard. Individual components may be designed and approved for uses other than indeluge and preaction systems; however, in all cases, performance as a component of the deluge andpreaction system will be evaluated.

6.2 Materials

6.2.1 All components will be manufactured from materials suitable for the intended purpose. All contactsurfaces between rotating or moving and stationary parts shall be corrosion resistant.

6.2.2 Rubber or rubber-like materials contained in system components may be subjected to a detailedinvestigation including evaluation of water absorption, hardness, aging and adhesion.

6.3 Construction

All components shall be able to withstand the normal conditions of vibration and atmospheres associatedwith manufacturing and storage facilities, and be able to withstand the abuse associated with normalinstallation and handling.

6.4 Operation

6.4.1 All components shall be designed so that all movements of level systems, diaphragms, valves andswitches are positive and repeatable with no sluggishness. The system shall be capable of perform-ing at least twice the work necessary to perform a specific action or operation at the maximum ratedconditions. A dropping weight, for example, used to trip a water control valve should exert at leasttwice the energy necessary to trip the valve against the rated working pressure.

6.4.2 Each component shall be able to operate in an environment of 32F to 125F (273K to 325K)throughout its expected life without adverse effects.

6.4.3 Each system shall have means to manually test system components without flooding sprinklerpiping.

6.5 Alarm and Trouble Signals

Components and component systems associated with deluge and preaction systems shall have alarms andtrouble signals to indicate operations and/or malfunctions. This will include:

waterflow indicators (water motor gong, pressure activated waterflow switches) to signal flowof water into the sprinkler piping.

low air pressure alarms on pneumatic signaling systems and on supervisory air systems.

position indicating devices to signal closed system supply valves.

other indications to monitor critical system parameters.


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VII. TESTS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

7.1 General

All system components shall be tested to ensure that actual operating characteristics correlate with themanufacturers specifications for the component. Trip and restoration values, temperature ratings, pressureratings and capacities will be verified during actual operation of the system.

7.2 System Operation

The system shall be operated with water supply pressures varied from 20 psig (138 kPa) to the maximumrated working pressure both automatically and manually. The water control valve and all associatedequipment shall operate satisfactorily for all conditions stated.

7.3 Hydrostatic Tests

7.3.1 All system components that come in contact with system water pressure shall be hydrostaticallytested to 700 psig (4.8 MPa) or 400% of rated working pressure, whichever is greater, for 5 minutes.No leakage, deformation, or function impairment shall result from this test.

7.3.2 Components with diaphragms shall have a strength of diaphragm test consisting of a differentialpressure equal to 200% of the maximum rated working pressure across the diaphragm for 5 minutes.No leakage or function impairment shall result from this test.

7.4 Supervisory Air System

Supervisory air system components will be tested for satisfactory operation during all modes of operation.In addition, individual components such as compressors, pumps, solenoid valves, and others will be givenan endurance test to ensure adequate operation after simulated service conditions.

7.5 Environmental Tests

System components which may be affected by extremes of temperature, will be tested as described inParagraph 5.5. Other tests to evaluate chemical and galvanic corrosion resistance; susceptibility to mal-function due to dust, dirt and foreign material, damage caused by vibration; and others will be performedas deemed necessary by FM Approvals.


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APPENDIX A

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

LENGTH: in. - inches; (mm - millimeters)mm = in. 25.4 ft - feet (m - meters)m = ft 0.3048

TEMPERATURE: F - degrees Fahrenheit (C - degrees Celsius)C = (F - 32) 59

PRESSURE: psi - pounds per square inch; (kPa - kilopascals)kPa = psi 6.895


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APPENDIX B

APPROVAL MARKS

REPRODUCTION ART: FM Approval Marks

For use on nameplates, in literature, advertisements,packaging and other graphics.

1) The FM Approvals diamond mark is acceptable

to FM Approvals as an Approval mark when

used with the word Approved.

2) The FM Approval logomark has no minimum

size requirement, but should always be large

enough to be readily identifiable.

3) Color should be black on a light background or a

reverse may be used on a dark background.

For Cast-On Marks

4) Where reproduction of the mark describedabove is impossible because of production

restrictions, a modified version of the diamond is

suggested. Minimum size specifications are the

same as for printed marks. Use of the word

Approved with this mark is optional.

NOTE: These Approval marks are to be used only in conjunction with products or services that have been

FM Approved. The FM Approval marks should never be used in any manner (including advertising, sales or promotional

purposes) that could suggest or imply FM Approval or endorsement of a specific manufacturer or distributor. Nor should

it be implied that Approval extends to a product or service not covered by written agreement with FM Approvals. The

Approval marks signify that products or services have met certain requirements as reported by FM Approvals.

Additional reproduction art is available through

FM Approvals

P.O. Box 9102,

Norwood, Massachusetts 02062

USA


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FM1011_Deluge & PreAction

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