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;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3 -csf]/fa_ g]kfndf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0fsf lglDt sfo{ ug{] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] /fli6«o ;+u7g xf] . /]l8of] k|;f/0fsf] Ohfht k|flKtdf ;xh x'g'sf ;fy} ;+3n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] :yfkgfdf ;xhLs/0f u/]sf sf/0f /]l8of]sf] ;+Vof / k|;f/0f kx'Fr lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/0f yfngL ePsf] b'O{ bzssf] cjlwdf ef}uf]lns ?kdf k"j{–klZrd / pQ/–blIf0f Pj+ ;x/b]lv ufpF;Dd rf}tkmL{ ?kdf /]l8of] :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] ;+Vof j[l4;Fu} k|;f/0fdf ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf, :jfldTj / ;lqmotf a9fpg' cfjZos 5 . ;dfhsf] ljljwtf / ax'ntf cg'?k ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{] ljlw lgdf{0f ug{] bfloTj k|;f/sx?sf] sfFwdf 5 .

;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] xs, lxt / clwsf/sf ;fy} bfloTj / lhDd]jf/Lsf ljifodf ;r]t Pj+ ;hu u/fpg] e"ldsf csf]/fan] lgjf{x ub{} cfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fsf :yflkt d"No / dfGotfnfO{ ;fd'bflos k|;f/0f ;+:yfn] :jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . o;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{] sfd eg]sf] ;fd'bflos k|;f/sx?sf] g} xf] . ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fsf cfwf/e"t ljz]iftfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{] stf{ ;d'bfo g} x'g\ . ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fleq b'O{j6f dxTjk"0f{ kIf 5g\M klxnf] k|;f/0ftkm{sf] k|fljlws kIf / csf{] ;fd'bflos ;xeflutf . ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fsf s]xL lglZrt ljlw / k|lqmof 5g\ . o;nfO{ ;a} ;fd'bflos k|;f/sn] cjnDag ug{'sf] ljsNk 5}g . cGo k|;f/0feGbf ;fd'bflosnfO{ km/s / ;'Gb/ agfpg] s]xL ljz]iftfx? 5g\ . h;nfO{ o;sf cleoGtfn] k|;f/0f ;+:yfsf] :yfkgfb]lv g} cEof; ug{' cfjZos x'G5 .

csf]/fan] :yfkgfb]lv g} ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ljljwtfk"0f{ ;xeflutf, :jfldTj / ljifoj:t'df hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf ;DaGwdf ;fd'bflos ;+u7g, hgk|ltlglw / gful/s cfGbf]ngsf cu'jfx?sf] ljrf/

/ b[li6sf]0f a'em\g] k|of; ub{} cfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] cfkm\gf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf aLr gful/ssf] ;"rgfsf] xs, cleJolQm :jtGqtf, ;'zf;g, ;fd'bflos ljsf; / dfgjclwsf/sf If]qdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgaf/]df hfgsf/L lbFb} cfPsf] 5 .

csf]/fan] cf7f}+ ljZj /]l8of] lbj;sf] cj;/df s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;'v{]tdf @)&% kmfu'g !, @ / # ut] ;dfgtf / ;'zf;g k|a4{gsf nflu ;fd'bflos /]l8of] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf u¥of] . b]zel/sf # ;oeGbf a9L ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf k|ltlglw, ;fd'bflos ;+u7gsf cu'jf, hgk|ltlglw / gful/s cu'jfx?aLr ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf ljljw kIf / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf ljifodf k/fdz{ eof] . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf ljljw cfofdx?sf ljifodf ePsf] a[xt 5nkmnsf] d'Vo ;f/ o; k':tsdf ;d]6\g] sf]l;; ul/Psf] xf] .

;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/0f yfngL ePsf] b'O{ bzs gfl3;Sbf ;d]t o;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] sfg'g aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3n] :yfkgfb]lv g} sfg'g lgdf{0fsf lglDt ax; k}/jL ub{} cfPsf] 5 .

o;} ;Gbe{df ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf cleoGtf, ;~rf/lj1, ;fd'bflos ;+u7gsf cu'jf, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf, ;f+;b / ;~rf/ dGqfnosf k|ltlglw;lxtsf] pkl:yltdf csf]/fan] cfkm\gf] !* cf}+ :yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/]/ @)&% r}t ( ut] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] gLltut ax; sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u¥of] . sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLn] JoQm ug{'ePsf] ljrf/n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of];DaGwL gLlt Pj+ sfg'g lgdf{0fdf /rgfTds of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ljZjf;sf ;fy k':tsdf :yfg lbOPsf] 5 .

;fd'bflos /]l8of] && j6} lhNnfdf k|;f/0fdf 5g\ . :jefljs ?kdf ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] :jfldTj, ;xeflutf / ljifoj:t' pbfx/0fLo aGg'k5{ . To;sf lglDt clxn]sf] jf:tljs cj:yf klxrfg u/L cfufdL lbgsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{'kb{5 .

csf]/fan] @)&^ h]7 !) / !! ut] wgs'6fsf] lxn]df ;fdflhs ax'ntf / ljljwtf ;j4{g – ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf cflbjf;L hghflt ljifos /fli6«o k/fdz{ cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf JoQm ePsf ljrf/ ;Nnfx, ;'emfj / sltko ;jfnnfO{ k':tsdf ;d]l6Psf] 5 . o;n] ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf

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To;}u/L ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj / ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf d"Nof+sg / o;sf] ;+VofTds Pj+ u'0ffTds clej[l4sf nflu ug{'kg{] sfo{x?sf ;DaGwdf 7f]; of]hgf lgdf{0fsf nflu @)&^ k';sf] * / ( ut] wflbªsf] uN5L ufpFkflnsfl:yt a}/]gLdf ljljwtf, ax'ntf / n}lËs ;dfgtf ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ljifos /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] g]t[Tj txdf /xg' ePsf cu'jf dlxnf, hgk|ltlglw, dlxnf cfGbf]ngsf cu'jf, ;fd'bflos cleofgsf cu'jfx?;lxtsf] sfo{qmdaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjn] ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fnfO{ cfufdL lbgdf cem ;an agfpg d2t ug{] 5 . csf]/fan] Ps aif{sf] cjlwdf ;DkGg u/]sf] /fli6«o:t/sf oL rf/j6f sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLn] /fVg'ePsf] ljrf/, ;Nnfx / ;'emfjnfO{ ;+sng u/L k':tssf] cfsf/ lbO{ k|sf;gdf Nofpg kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ v';L nfu]sf] 5 . o;leq ;d]l6Psf ;fdu|L / xfd|f] k|of;af/] tkfO{sf] cd"No ;'emfjnfO{ xfdL :jLsf5f}+{, clg cfufdL lbgsf k|sfzgdf To;nfO{ ;d]6\g] 5f}+ . of] Ps b:tfj]hs} ?k t xf]Og t/ xfd|f] k|of;df ljifolj1sf dgg / ;xefuLsf ;'emfj of] cleofgsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ s8L x'G5 eGg] xfd|f] a'emfO xf] . cfzf 5, of] ;fdu|L pkof]uL x'g] g} 5 .

xfdLn] u/]sf oL rf/ 7fpFsf rf/j6f sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug{ ;xof]u ug{] ;fem]bf/ ;+3;+:yf Pj+ ;xof]uL ;a}nfO{ csf]/fasf] tkm{af6 xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . ;fy} d]xgt;fy k':ts k|sf;gdf h'6\g' x'g] ;a} ;xof]uL ;fyLx?nfO{ wGojfb lbG5' .

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g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhsf] Pp6f cleGg c+usf] ?kdf :yflkt ug{ ;kmn eO;s]sf 5g\ . :jR5, ljZjfl;nf] / ;d'bfok|lt pQ/bfoL ;dfrf/ / ;"rgf ;Dkfbg, pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] g]kfnsf] ljBdfg ;~rf/ If]qnfO{ 7"nf] km8\sf] dfg{ ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . b]zsf s'gf sGb/f;Dd kx'Fr ePsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] slxNo} klqsf gk'Ug] / k'u] klg xKtf nfUg] b'u{d 7fpFsf /]l8of] >f]tfx?;Dd tfhf :yfgLo, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;dfrf/ / ;"rgf ;lhn} k'¥ofpg ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;fdfGotof d"nwf/sf g]kfnL ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] kof{Kt Wofg glbPsf ;d;fdlos ljifoj:t'df sfd ug]{ g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] ;+;f/;dIf cfkm"x? g]kfnsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf ;+afxs ePsf] k|i6 kfl/lbPsf 5g\ .

g]kfndf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ;jfnx?df dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf 5g\\ . b'u{d ufpFsf >f]tfx?nfO{ ;';"lrt u/fpg] ;"rgf cfbfg–k|bfg, ;fd'blos kl/rfng, k|hftflGqs ljlwx?sf] k|j4{g, dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f, ;dfj]zL ljsf;, åGå Go"gLs/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, :jf:Yo lzIff, ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0f, k|sf]k Jojyfkg, zflGt lgdf{0f, ;d'bfox?aLr ;dfrf/ cfbfg–k|bfg / b]zsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; . ;~rf/ hut\df g]kfnL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmntfn] ;+;f/e/sf cGo ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;d'bfo, b]z / ;+;f/s} nflu s]xL ug]{ k]|/0ff ldn]sf] 5

;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] lxhf] nf]stGq :yfkgf ug{ clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu, nf]stGq cfO;s]kl5 ;fdflhs hfu/0f / dlxnf tyf k5fl8 k/]sf] ;d'bfosf] ;zQmLs/0f, :yfgLo efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0fdf e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . /fhgLlts bnx?n] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gsf] kIfdf cfGbf]ng ul//xFbf tL bnsf Ph]08fx?nfO{ ;d]t hgtfsf] aLr k'¥ofP/ ;fj{hlgs 9+un] jx;, k}/jL ug]{ sfddf /]l8of]sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5 .

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bnx?sf] Ph]G8fnfO{ /]l8of]x?n] nf]stGqsf] kIfdf p7fPsf x'g\ . ha;Dd nf]stGq alnof] x'Fb}g ta;Dd ;~rf/dfWodn] ;d]t lge{osf ;fy gful/snfO{ ;"rgf lbg ;Sg] cj:yf x'Fb}g .

oL / o:t} ljifox?df yk 5nkmn ug{ csf]/fan] k|To]s jif{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . @)&% kmfu'g ! b]lv # ut];Dd csf]/fan] s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;'v]{tdf sl/a #)) ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf ;fd'bflos /]l8of] /fli6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . ;dfgtf / ;'zf;g k|j4{gsf nflu ;fd'bflos /]l8of] eGg] d'Vo ljifodf s]lGb|t eP/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] o; sfo{qmddf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf gLltut ;jfn, sl7gfO tyf pknlAwx?sf ;fy} jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;dfhdf ljBdfg ljleGg ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ljsf;sf ljleGg ljifox?df 5nkmn tyf ax; ePsf] lyof] .

;xefuLx?n] k|:tfljt ljifox?df 5nkmn tyf ljrf/ ljdz{ u/L tL ;jfnx?sf eljiodf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsfsf ;DaGwdf lglb{i6 vfsf tof/ u/L ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] ;'v]{t 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .

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ljZj / ] l8of] lbj;sf] cj;/ kf/ ] / cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] ;Dd] ngsf] pb\3f6g ;df/ f] xcl3 ;'v{] tsf] jL/ ] Gb|gu/ df k|eftkm] / L ul/ of] . k|eftkm] / Ldf b] ze/ af6 ;'v] {tdf hDdf ePsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{, ;fd'bflos xs clwsf/ sf nflu : yflkt ;+3;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, gful/ s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw, s0ff{nL k|b] zsf kqsf/ x?sf] pkl: ylt lyof] . ;xefuLn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu 5'§} gLlt cfjZos / x] sf] , ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] 3/ 3/ df / dgdgdf / x] sf] Kn] sf8{ af] s] sf lyP .

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cf} krfl/ s sfo{qmd / nfdf] dGtJosf] k/ Dk/ f nf] 8\b} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] / fli6«o ;Dd] ng pb\3f6g ;qnfO{ klg ljifoj: t'df s] lGb|t ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;Dd] ngsf] pb\3f6g ;qsf] ljifo æ;ª\3Lo ;+/ rgf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / ;fem] bf/ LÆ / flvPsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf cfdlGqt ;a} cltlynfO{ o;af/ ] k"j{hfgsf/ L u/ fOPsfn] cltlyx?sf] dGtJo ljifoj: t' s] lGb|t eP . ;Dd] ngsf] k|d'v cltly ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL uf] s'nk|;fb afF: sf] 6f / ljz] if cltly s0ff{nL k|b] zsf d'VodGqL dx] Gb|axfb'/ zfxLn] kfg;df aQL afn] / k/ Dk/ fut ;~rf/ dfWodsf ?kdf / x] sf] bdfxf ;+o'Qm ?kdf ahfO{ pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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;/ sf/ n] ;a} ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ul/ / x] sf] 5, s'g} klg ldl8ofnfO{ kIfkft x'g] 5} g . ;/ sf/ n] ldl8of sfplG;n ljw] os Nofpg] tof/ L ul/ / x] sf] 5 . of] ;~rf/ dfWodx?s} ;lhnf] sf nflu xf] . ca aGg] sfg'g k|lt: kwf{df dfq} geP/ Gofodf cfwfl/ t x'g] 5g\ . : jtGq k|] ;sf] ljZjJofkL dfGotfnfO{ xfdLn] ;Ddfg u/ ] sf 5f} + . cfnf] rgf ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ , x/ ] s ljifodf k|Zg p7fpg kfpg] clwsf/ ;lxtsf] sfg'g cfpF5 . ;/ sf/ , ;~rf/ dfWodsf ljifodf pbf/ 5, o;df cfz+sf ul/ / xg' cfjZos 5} g . ldl8of sdhf] / agf] ;\ eGg] kIfdf ;/ sf/ 5} g . kqsf/ sf nflu Go"gtd kfl/ >lds clgjfo{ nfu" x'G5, ;/ sf/ kl5 x6\b} g, o;df ;a} sf] ;fy ;xof] usf] cfjZos 5 . h] i7 kqsf/ sf nflu sf] if ag] sf] 5 . sf] ifsf] / sd # s/ f] 8af6 a9fP/ !) s/ f] 8 k'¥ofpg] tof/ L eO/ x] sf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf/ ] ljljw k|Zg cfO/ x] sf 5g\, ;fdflhs ;~hfn g] kfndf btf{ x'g'k5{, s/ sf] bfo/ fdf Nofpg'k5{ . ;fj{ef} d b] zdf xfdL s;} nfO{ aGb] h t ub} {gf} + t/ b] zsf] lgod ;a} n] dfGg'k5{ . ;~rf/ dfWodx? klg ;fdflhs ;'/ Iffsf] ifdf cfa4 x'g cfjZos 5 . sltko ;fyLn] cfkm"n] dfq} kl/ jt{g NofPh: tf] u/ L af] Ng'ePsf] 5, xfdL ;a} ;fd] n eP/ kl/ jt{g ;Dej ePsf] xf] . ;d[l4 ;a} nfO{ rflxPsf] 5, k|ltkIf;Fu klg ;dGjo u/ ] / sfd ul/ G5 . xfdL u/ ] / b] vfpg] 7fpFdf 5f} +, ldn] / sfd u/ f} + . ldn] / cl3 a9f} + .

dx] Gb|axfb'/ zfxL, s0ff{nL k|b] zsf d'VodGqL, ljz] if cltly

s0ff{nL k|b] zdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / fli6«o ;Dd] ng cfof] hgf ug'{ePsf] df k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf tkm{af6 ljz] if wGojfb;lxt cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . b] ze/ af6 b'Mvsi6;fy s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] / fhwfgL ;'v{] t cfpg'ePsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{nfO{ : jfut ub{5f} + . of] sfo{qmdsf nflu s0ff{nL k|b] z 5flgPsf] ljifonfO{ d} n] cy{k"0f{?kdf lnPsf] 5' . s0ff{nLsf dfgj ljsf;sf ;"rsf+sx? lrGtfhgs cj: yfdf 5g\ . ;a} sf] ;xof] ulagf s0ff{nLsf] ljsf; ;Dej 5} g . s0ff{nL k'FhLkltsf] kl5 bf} l8g g;s] / ul/ a sxnfPsf] xf] . sf7df8f} +df dMd vfg] wgL clg s0ff{nLdf cUof{lgs cfn' vfg] ul/ a x'g ;Qm} g . s] s0ff{nLdf ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf 5} g t < xfdL clxn] s0ff{nLsf] ljsf;sf] ;Defjgfsf] vf] hLdf nfu] sf 5f} + . oxfF s] s] 5g\, slt 5g\ eGg] kQf nufPkl5 of] hgf lgdf{0f u/ ] / cl3 a9\g] tof/ L ul/ / x] sf 5f} + .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

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8

klxnf] jif{ cWoog, cg';Gwfg, / 0fgLlt / of] hgf lgdf{0f, sfg'g lgdf{0fdf clg sfof{Gjog z} nL lgdf{0fdf nfu] sf 5f} + . s0ff{nLsf ;a} o'jf / gful/ ssf] lbdfudf / x] sf] lrGtg, ;f] rnfO{ k"0f{kl/ jt{g ug{ h?/ L 5, clxn] sf] xfd|f] lbdfu ljs[t 5 . gofF ;Eotfsf] ljsf; ug{ h?/ L 5 . ;+: sf/ / ;+: s[ltdf klg ;d: of 5 . 5fpk8L, hftLo lje] b\ cGTo ug'{kg] {5 . s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] ;du| ljsf;sf] dfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ ;Dd] ngn] ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] ck] Iff u/ ] sf] 5' .

;"rgf lgs} dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . ;"rgfsf] ;xL k|of] u ug{ ;lsof] eg] ;lhnf] x'g] kSsf 5 . x/ ] s lhNnfdf vf] lnPsf / ] l8of] sf] p2] Zo ;dfhsf] ;sf/ fTds kl/ jt{gg g} xf] < s] ;a} / ] l8of] n] ;dfhsf] ljs[lt cGTosf nflu sfd u/ ] sf 5g\ < o;tkm{ klg x] / f} + . l;+uf] / fHonfO{ ;xL dfu{lgb] {z ug{sf nflu, ;dfhsf] jf: tljstf kQf nufpg] , tYo klxrfxg ug] { / ax; ;[hgf ug] { sfdsf nflu ;~rf/ dfWodsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . s0ff{nLsf] ?kfGt/ 0fsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . s0ff{nL ;Defjgfn] el/ Psf] k|b] z ePsfn] tLg} ;Defjgfsf] vf] hLdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? ;/ sf/ sf] ;xof] uL aGg] 5g\ eGg] d] / f] ck] Iff 5 . x/ ] s lhNnfdf vf] lnPsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? cfkm\gf] e"ldsfaf/ ] klg k|i6 x'g'k5{ . clxn] xfdL cljsf;, clzIff, c;'/ Iff / ul/ aLnfO{ k|ltkIfL dfgf} +, w'jfF w'nf] , cFWof/ f] nfO{ k|ltkIf dfgf} +,

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

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9

To;lj?4 ;a} nfuf} + . / fi6« lgdf{0fsf] cleofgdf nfuf} +, of] cleofgdf s] xL dflg;n] dfq} sfd u/ ] / x'Fb} g, ;a} nfUg'k5{ .

of] u] z e§/ fO{, g] tf, g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{, cltly

hgtfnfO{ ;''';"lrt ug{] , hfu?s agfpg] , cfkm\gf] clwsf/ k|lt ;r] t ug] {, ;/ sf/ nfO{ va/ bf/ L ug] {nufot sfddf / ] l8of] x? lg/ Gt/ lqmofzLn 5g\ . xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, oxfFx?sf w] / } b'Mv / si6 5g\, t/ klg oxfFx?n] ;] jf k|jfx ul/ / xg'ePsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] ;d'bfodf v] n] sf] e"ldsfk|lt v';L JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3sf cWoIfn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ;Gbe{df 5'§} P] gsf] cfjZostfsf] dx;'; u/ fpg'ePsf] 5, o;df xfd|f] kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 ;sf/ fTds kxn ug] { 5f} + . s'g} klg ;~rf/ u[xnfO{ sdhf] / agfpg] ;/ sf/ sf] p2] Zo 5} g .

;+ljwfgn] : yfgLo / k|b] z ;/ sf/ nfO{ klg clwsf/ k|bfg u/ ] sf] 5 . tLgj6} txsf ;/ sf/ n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ sf] cEof; ul/ / x] sf 5g\, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] casf lbgdf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ ;Fusf] ;xsfo{nfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ . x/ ] s : yfgLo txn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu ah] 6 ljlgof] hg ug{] Joj: yf ldnfpg kf6{L{sf] tkm{af6 kxn ug{] 5 . : yfgLo txsf] ah] 6df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ljsf;sf nflu zLif{s 5'6\ofOg'k5{ . s'g} klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] vr{ cefjdf aGb x'g'x'Fb} g . ;dfhdf hfu/ 0f Nofpg] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Ddfgsf] nfos 5g\, ;d'bfosf] kIfdf / x] sf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;/ sf/ n] k'/ : s[t ug'{k5{ .

;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3 cfj4 b] zx?sf] t'ngf ug] { xf] eg] b'lgofFsf ;a} eGbf a9L nf] stflGqs elgPsf ;/ sf/ eGbf g] kfnsf] jt{dfg ;/ sf/ x/ ] s : jtGqtf k|of] usf lx;fan] sd 5} g . sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;/ sf/ 5, xFl;of xyf} 8fsf] em08fk|lt slxn] sfxL+ e|d 5g] { u/ ] sf] klg kfOG5, of] em08faf6 cTofpg vf] h] sf] kfOG5 . d bfaLsf ;fy eG5', g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n] rnfPsf] ;/ sf/ n] cleJolQm : jtGqtf s'l07t x'g] sfg'g agfpFb} g, agfpg lbFb} gf} + . k'FhLjfbL b'lgofFn] dflg;nfO{ j: t' 7fG5, gfkmf / gf] S;fgdfq} x] 5{ . xfdL dfG5] nfO{ j: t'sf ?kdf a'em\b} gf} +, dfG5] nfO{ dfgjLo Jojxf/ u5f{} + .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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10

g] kfnsf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ eGb} cfPsf] s'/ f klg dfG5] nfO{ dfG5] sf] , ;dfrf/ nfO{ ;dfrf/ s} ?kdf a'em\g'xf] ;\, j: t'sf ?kdf ga'em\g'xf] ; . s'g} klg kqsf/ ;dfrf/ nfO{ j: t'sf ?kdf a] R5' eg] / cfpg' x'Gg h: tf] nfU5 . d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu ;/ sf/ n] sfd ul/ / x] sf] 5 . ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 cfPsf ;'emfj xfdL u|x0f u5f} {+ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf e"ldsfsf] xfdL ;Ddfg u5f} {+ . ;~rf/ dfWod Jofj;flos x'g'k5{ eGg] x? klg 5g\ . ltgLx? Jofj;flos xf] Og, ld;gdf sfd u5{g\ . xFl;of xyf} 8fsf] em08f af] s] / ;/ sf/ rnfPsf] x] g{ g;Sg] x?nfO{ vlkg;Sg' ePsf] 5 .

xfdL nf] stflGqs ljlw, ;+j} wflgs af6f] af6 oxfF cfOk'u] sf xf} + . xfdL ;r] ttfk"j{s … : jtGq / Jofj;flosÚ elgPsf ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 cfPsf l6sfl6Kk0fLnfO{ Vofn ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . s'g} klg ;~rf/ dfWodk|lt a} / efj 5} g . g] kfnL ;dfhnfO{, / fhgLlts bnnfO{ ljeflht ug] {, hftLo Pstfdfly wfjf af] Ng] , ;fDk|bflos ;b\efjdfly wfjf af] Ng] sfd ldl8ofaf6 x'G5 eg] xfdL ;r] t x'g} k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ of] cj: yf;Dd Nofpg ljleGg sfnv08df g] t[Tj / of] ubfg ug'{x'g] ;a} nfO{ awfO{, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cGt/ f{li6«o d~rdf g] kfnsf] uf} / jdo pkl: ylt agfpg ;kmn ;a} nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

;fd'bflos

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gLlt

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11

x[bo/ fd yfgL, k"j{dGqL Pj+ g] kfnL sfFu|] ;sf g] tf, cltly

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / fli6«o ;Dd] ng s0ff{nLsf] ;'v] {tdf cfof] hgf ug'{ePsf] df cfof] hsnfO{ wGojfb . tkfO{x? a'em\gs} nflu s0ff{nL cfpg'ePsf] xf] eGg] nfu] sf] 5 . s0ff{nL k|b] zsf b'O{ lhNNff 8f] Nkf / x'Dnfdf cem} ;Dd ;8s oftfoft k'Ug ;s] sf] 5} g . ;a} eGbf sfG5f] k|b] zdf b] zel/ sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{x? hDdf x'g' v';Lsf] s'/ f xf] . d ;f+;b 5Fbf ;'v] {tdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] lyPg, / ] l8of] : yfkgfdf kxn ul/ of] . d} n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ glhsaf6 a'em\g kfPsf] 5' . / fhfsf] zf;gsfndf, sdn yfkf ;~rf/ dGqL x'Fbf k|lts"n cj: yfdf klg / ] l8of] vf] lnPsf] lyof] . ca ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] aGb x'g] cj: yf ;[hgf gxf] ;\ eg] / ;r] t x'g'k5{ .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ Jofkfl/ snfO{ h: tf] ;lhnf] 5} g . cfjZostfcg';f/ sf] sd{rf/ L / fVg klg ;lsPsf] 5} g . cK7] / f] / fhgLlts kl/ l: yltdf : yfkgf ePsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? clxn] klg dsf{df 5g\ .sltko ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cfwf/ e"t cfjZostfsf nflu ;‹if{ ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . sltko aGb x'g] cj: yfdf 5g\ eGg] ;'lgG5 .

/ ] l8of] nfO{ PSnf] agfpg] k|of; ePsf 5g\, To;f] ul/ g' x'Fb} g . xfd|f] b] zdf aL;f} + jif{sf nflu / ] l8of] pQd ;~rf/ dfWod xf] . ;fd'bflos

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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ax

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12

/ ] l8of] gePsf] eP / fhgLlt olt rfF8} , olt ;lhnf] x'g] lyPg . xfdL g] tfx? h] nd} klg x'g ;SYof} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ ;lhnf] ;+Fu glnOof] ;\, vfg / nfpg xf] Og, b] zsf] kl/ jt{gsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] vf] lnPsf 5g\ . s'g} klg axfgfdf hgtfn] kfPsf] , / ] l8of] n] kfPsf] clwsf/ lkmtf{ ug{ ldNb} g . / fhf 1fg] Gb|n] / ] l8of] sf ;dfrf/ df k|ltaGw nufP . To;lj?4 ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf uOof] . s0ff{nL k|b] znfO{ ;d[l4sf] af6f] df lxF8fpg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . s'g} klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] aGb gx'g] jftfj/ 0f agfpg tLg} txsf ;/ sf/ lhDd] jf/ x'g'k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] kIfdf l;Ëf] k|ltkIf g} 5, To;sf] g] t[Tj ug{ d tof/ 5' .

g/ ] z e08f/ L, s0ff{nL k|b] z cfGtl/ s dfldnf tyf sfg'gdGqL, cltly

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf af/ ] df lax+ud 5nkmn ug] { u/ L of] P] ltxfl;s / uf} / jzfnL lbgdf cfof] lht sfo{qmdsf] ;fgbf/ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' . cfhsf] lbg ljZj / ] l8of] lbj; xf] , of] hgo'4sf] yfngL ePsf] lbg klg xf] . sfo{qmddf z'esfdgf lbFb} ubf{ d kqsf/ s[i0f;] g OR5'snfO{ ;Demg rfxG5' . g] kfnL ;dfhsf] o'ufGtsf/ L ?kfGt/ 0f, o'u kl/ jt{gsf nflu

kqsf/ x?sf tkm{af6 ePsf] pxfFsf] alnbfg oxfFx?sf lglDt pmhf{ ;fljt x'G5 eGg] d} n] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] b] ze/ cfjfhljxLgsf] cfjfhsf ?kdf : yflkt eO/ x] sf] 5 . ljZj / ] l8of] lbj;sf cj;/ df g] kfnL ;dfh ?kfGt/ 0fsf nflu yflnPsf] ;fdflhs / fhgLlts cfGbf] ngsf] ;xof] uL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] P] ltxfl;s ;Dd] ngn] ;"rgfsf] kx'Fraf6 6f9f / x] sf s0ff{nLsf hgtfsf nflu yk 6] jf k'Ug] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . s0ff{nLnfO{ ;d[4

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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agfpg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] 5 . s0ff{nLsf] ljsf;sf] ult a9fpg k|b] z ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;xof] u cfjZos 5 . cfufdL lbgdf ;xof] u / ;dGjo cem 3lge"t x'g] ljZjf; 5 . clxn] s0ff{nLnfO{ cefjsf] kof{osf ?kdf lrq0f ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 . xfdL s0ff{nLnfO{ ;d[l4sf] ;/ f] a/ sf ?kdf : yflkt ug{ vf] lh/ x] sf 5f} + . ;/ sf/ sf] of] nIodf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;xof] usf] ck] Iff u/ ] sf 5f} + . of] ;Dd] ngn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cfufdL af6f] to ug{ ;sf] ;\, oxL z'esfdgf .

;'jf; vltj8f, cWoIf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / fli6«o ;Dd] ngdf pkl: yt k|d'v cltly, ljz] if cltly, ;Dk"0f{ clyltHo"x?, b] zsf] && j6} lhNnfdf ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{} cfpg' ePsf ;a} df ljZj / ] l8of] lbj;sf cj;/ df z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . ;Dd] ngdf pkl: yt cltlyHo"x?nfO{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] lsg / s;sf nflu eg] / enLefFtL yfxf 5 . pxfFx?n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] : yfkgf / ;~rfngsf] bf} / fgdf ePsf ptf/ r9fjx?sf] cg'ej ;+ufNg'ePsf] 5 . d} n] elg/ xg' kb} {g . g] kfn, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cleofg / cfGbf] ngdf uf} / a ug] { d'n's xf] . blIf0f Pl;ofsf cGo b] zx?df ;fd'bflos PkmPd / ] l8of] sf] cEof; gx'Fb} / fHosf] : jfldTjdf / x] sf] / ] l8of] nfO{ gful/ ssf] xftdf k'¥ofpg] sfd g] kfnaf6 yfngL ePsf] lyof] , Tof] P] ltxfl;s sbd lyof] .

xfdLn] cfh eGg'k5{, ;~rf/ If] qnfO{ ;+/ If0f ug] { Pshgf cleefjs ;~rf/ dGqLHo" oxfF x'g'x'G5, xfdL g] kfndf eGg] u5f} {, !@ jif{df vf] nf] kms{G5, t/ k|;f/ 0f ;'? ePsf] @! jif{ eof] clxn] ;Dd vf] nf] kms] {sf] 5} g . oxfF vf] nf] eGg'sf] cy{ clxn] ;Dd ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] { gLlt aGg ;s] sf] 5} g . lsg gLlt eGg'xf] nf, w] / } ljifox? 5g\, xfdL #%) j6f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? ;~rfngdf 5f} + . &) eGbf a9L efiffdf sfo{qmd, ;dfrf/ pTkfbg, k|;f/ 0f u5f} {+, xhf/ f} sf] ;+Vofdf ;fyLx? / ] l8of] sdL{ x'g'x'G5 . xhf/ f} +sf] ;+Vofdf … ef] n] G6] o/ Ú ;fyLx? x'g'x'G5 . oBlk xfdLnfO{ lrGg] ;Gbe{df, clxn] klg xfdL / fHonfO{ plQg} s/ lt5f} {, c? snsf/ vfgf, pBf] un] ltg] { !# k|ltzt Eof6sf] , ;fdfGo

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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14

l6l8P;sf] s'/ f xf] Og, xfdL gjLs/ 0fsf] gfddf nfvf} + ?k} ofF ltl/ / x] sf 5f} + . / f] oN6Lsf] gfddf nfvf} + lt5f} {+, x'Fbfx'Fbf ca Go"gtd kfl/ >lds nfu" gug] { xf] eg] , a} +sdfkm{t Go"gtd kfl/ >lds lbPsf] k|df0f k] z gug] { xf] eg] / ] l8of] sf] nfO;] G; gjLs/ 0f gug] { ;+3f/ df ;/ sf/ k'u] sf] 5 . ToxL af6f] af6 g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?nfO{ Gofo xf] nf t < cfh dGqLHo"nfO{ d] / f] k|Zg 5 .

lj;+ @)^@÷)^# sf] cfGbf] ngdf g] kfnsf / ] l8of] n] v] n] sf] e"ldsf : d/ 0f u/ fpg rfxG5' . Toltdfq} xf] Og, xfdL h'g k/ Dk/ fut xfgLsf/ s ;+: sf/ / unt s"/ Lltx?sf] hGhfndf hsl8Psf 5f} + . xfd|f] aLrdf clxn] klg 5fpk8L 5, afnljjfx 5, 5'jf5"t 5, bx] hsf] gfddf xfd|f r] nLx?n] s: tf] k|tf8gf ef] Ug' k/ ] sf] 5 < lx+;fsf] sxfnLnfUbf] 36gfsf] lzsf/ xfd|f lbbLalxgLx? eO/ x] sf 5g\ . o: tf h+unL oftgflj?4 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] lg/ Gt/ cfjfh p7fO/ x] sf 5g\ . oL / ] l8of] n] ;fdflhs ?kfGt/ 0fdf ct'ngLo of] ubfg k'¥ofO/ x] sf 5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ k'/ : s[t ug] { xf] ls b08 lbg] < xfdLn] afWo eP/ of] k|Zg ug'{kg{] cj: yf pTkGg ePsf] 5 . ;sf/ fTds ;fdflhs ?kfGt/ 0fdf of] ubfg, k/ Dk/ fut ?kdf hsl8P/ / x] sf] ;dfhnfO{ gofF 9+uaf6 kl/ jt{gsf] lb;fdf cufl8 a9fpg] xfd|f] k|of;df ;/ sf/ n] klg ;fem] bf/ Lsf] k|: tfj Nofpnf eGg] ljZjf; 5 . xfd|f] cleefjssf] lx;fan] cfh dGqLHo";Fu xfdLn] s] xL u'gf;f / fVg} k5{ . : yfkgfsf] @! jif{k5fl8 of] txsf] #%) / ] l8of] sf em08} #)) / ] l8of] sdL{ hDdf ePsf 5f} + . xfdL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cleofgdf nfu] sf 5f} +, xfd|f] nfnLhf] jg xfdLn] ;d'bfosf] ;"rgf kfpg] / ;d'bfosf] cleJolQm : jtGqtfsf] lglDt vr{] sf 5f} + . xfdL ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf nfUbf nfUb} yk kl/ kSj ePsf 5f} + .

xfdLn] ;dfhnfO{ t w] / } s'/ f lbPsf 5f} + t/ xfd|f] eljioaf/ ] sltko ;Gbe{df cfkm} +nfO{ k|Zg ug{'kg{] cj: yf 5 . o; / fli6«o ;Dd] ngdf w] / } ;fyLx? ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cfGbf] ngnfO{ glhsaf6 a'em\g'ePsf JolQmTjx? x'g'x'G5 . oxfFx?sf] k|of;af6 ca Pp6f : ki6 gLlt, : ki6 b[li6sf] 0f cfcf] ;\ . g] kfnsf / ] l8of] cleofgaf6 blIf0f Pl;ofdf c? b] z k|efljt eP/ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rfng ul/ ;Sg'ePsf] 5 . t;y{ g] kfnsf] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cleofg P] ltxfl;s klg 5 .

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/ ] l8of]

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ca g] kfndf o: tf] gd'gf sfg'g agfOof] ;\, Tof] gd'gf sfg'gaf6 c? b] zn] klg clxn] eO/ x] sf sfg'gnfO{ ;+zf] wg u/ ] / g] kfnaf6 cg'z/ 0f u?g\ . o;kflnsf] ljZj / ] l8of] lbj;sf] … gf/ f …;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtÚ 5, ;dfhdf ;+jfbsf] cj: yf ;[hgf xf] ;\, ;+jfbdf km/ s ljrf/ x?n] klg : yfg kfpg, cfjfhljxLgx?sf] cfjfh / fVg] : yfg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ag'g\ eGg] cleofgdf xfdL 5f} + . ;dfhdf sof} + k/ Dk/ fut xflgsf/ s cEof;x? 5g\, ltgnfO{ h/ } b] lv pv] n] / kmfNg' kg] { xfd|f] klg bfloTj xf] , ;fob of] bfloTj ;/ sf/ sf] klg xf] . oxfFg] / p2] Zo ldN5 eg] xfdL : jtGq ?kdf o: tf d'2fdf ;xsfo{ / ;fem] bf/ L ug{ rfxG5f} + . sltko s'/ fdf clxn] klg ;fem] bf/ L eO/ x] sf] 5 . ;~rf/ dGqLHo"s} k|of;df ljleGg ;ftj6f efiffdf nf] s sNof0fsf/ L lj1fkgdfkm{t xfdLn] ;dfh ?KffGt/ 0f ;Gb] z k|;f/ 0f ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . pxfFn] / fd|f] ug'{ePsf] s'/ fdf xfdLn] k|z+;f ug'{k5{ .

csf] / fan] cf7 dlxgfcl3 u/ ] sf] Ps sfo{qmddf ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL uf] s'n afF: sf] 6fHo"n] … 9'Ss x'g'xf] ;\ Ps jif{leq ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] { sfg'g lbG5',Ú eGg'ePsf] 5, pxfFn] cfkm"n] af] n] sf] s'/ f sfof{Gjog ug'{x'G5 eGg] s'/ fdf d 9'Ss 5' . pxfF oxL If] qaf6 cfpg'ePsfn] klg xfdLn] csf] { ;~rf/ dGqLsxfF ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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gLlt agfOlbg';\ eg] / 1fkgkq lnP/ hfg'kb} {g eGg] ljZjf; csf] / fanfO{ 5 . xfdLleq klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] l;4fGt af] s] / ;d'bfodf k'Ug cg] sf} + hl6ntf 5g\, / fd|f] cEof;af6 xfdLn] l;Sg] xf] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cj;/ / r'gf} tLsf] ljifodf klg 5nkmn ub} {5f} +, lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox?sf] : yfgLos/ 0fsf] ljifodf klg ;Dd] ngdf 5nkmn ub} { 5f} + . dlxnf, cflbjf;L / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTjsf ljifodf klg 5nkmn x'Fb} 5 .

xfdL w] / } h: tf] sfo{qmdx? / fhwfgL / / fhwfgL cf;kf;sf If] qd} u5f} {+ . o;kfln ;'v] {t cfOk'Uof+} , of] e"uf] nnfO{ lrGg] cj;/ klg xf] . s0ff{nL k|b] zdf $! j6f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;] jf k|bfg ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . clwsf+z lhNnfdf ;~rf/ sf dfWodsf] ?kdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] dfq} 5g\ . ljB't\ gk'u] sf] 7fpFdf klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rfng ul/ Psf 5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf o;sf] klg ;dLIff u/ f} + . sfg'g agfpg] ;Gbe{df, oxfF ljwfosx? klg x'g'x'G5, oxfFx?n] … ;fd'bflos cfGbf] ngdf xfdL klg 5f} +Ú elglbg'eof] eg] xfdLnfO{ pmhf{ x'G5 . ;+3Lo, k|b] z / : yfgLo u/ L tLgj6} txsf ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;xsfo{ u/ ] / sfd ug{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf tkm{af6 k|lta4tf hgfpg rfxG5f} + .

z'esfdgf dGtJo

sfo{qmddf ;'v{] t If] q g+ ! sf ;f+;b w|'aaxfb'/ zfxL, kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;lrj / ] d ljZjsdf{, a|f] 8sfl: 6ª P;f] l;O;g ckm g] kfn afgsf dxf;lrj b'uf{ kf} 8] nnufotn] ;Dd] ngsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub} { ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] k'¥ofPsf] of] ubfgnfO{ ;+: yfut ug{ ;/ sf/ ;Fu cfu|x ug{'ePsf] lyof] . z'esfdgfsf qmddf pxfFx?n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ k/ ] sf] gLltut cK7] / f] af/ ] ;/ sf/ uDeL/ x'g'kg] { wf/ 0ff / fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

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17

ljifout ax;

ax; !

�n ljifo M cGt/ f{li6«o / ] l8of] lbj;, ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGt

�n ;xhstf{ M ch'{g lu/ L, jl/ i7 pkfWoIf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

�n jQmfx? M k|fWofks lr/ ~hLjL vgfn, k|d'v, kqsfl/ tf tyf cfd;~rf/ ljefu, lqlj

�n xl/ zdf{ M sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs, PnfPG; km/ ;f] ;n 8fOnu

�n lgh{gf zdf{ M ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ sfo{qmd ;+of] hs, o'g] : sf] , sf7df8f} +

;Dd] ngsf] klxnf] lbg pb\3f6g;qkl5 ljifout 5nkmn ;~rfng ul/ Psf lyP . h;cGtu{t cGt/ f{li6«o / ] l8of] lbj;nfO{ cfwf/ dfg] / klxnf] 5nkmn … ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtÚ ljifodf ePsf] lyof] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ sf jl/ i7 pkfWoIf ch'{g lu/ Ln] ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{ePsf] ax;df jQmfsf ?kdf PnfOG; km/ ;f] ;n 8fOnusf xl/ zdf{, kqsfl/ tf tyf cfd;~rf/ s] Gb|Lo ljefu lqljsf k|d'v k|fWofks lr/ GhLjL vgfn / o'g] : sf] sf7df8f} +af6 ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ sfo{qmd ;+of] hs lgh{gf zdf{ / xg'ePsf] lyof] . ;d'bfodf ;+jfbxLgtf clg ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtsf] jftfj/ 0f ;[hgf ug{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] s;/ L e"ldsf v] Ng ;S5g\ eGg] d"n k|Zgdf s] lGb|t 5nkmndf jQmfx?n] wf/ 0ff / fv] kl5 ;xefuLx?n] lh1f;f / cfkm\gf wf/ 0ff / fv] sf lyP .

xl/ zdf{ M nf] stGqsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / ;fd'bflos ;+3;+: yfx?n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] ln/ x] sf 5g\ . o;df ;fdflhs cfGbf] ng / ;d"xx? klg 5g\ . g] kfndf ePsf ;fdflhs åGåsf a] nf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n]

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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u/ ] sf sfd k|z+;gLo 5g\ . rnfodfg ;dfhdf lg/ Gt/ ;+jfb h?/ L 5 . nf] stGqdf dfq} lg/ Gt/ ;+jfb ;Dej 5, ;+jfb ePg eg] Tof] cnf] stflGqs x'G5 . ;+jfbdf cfkm\gf s'/ f ;'gfpg c?sf] s'/ f klg ;'Gg'kg] { x'G5 . ;fdflhs ;+jfbx? s] an ;+jfbsf nflu dfq} geP/ To;n] pmhf{ lbg'k5{, ;+jfbn] dfu{ k|z: t ug'{k5{ . ;+jfb a/ fa/ Lsf aLrdf x'G5, ;dfhdf c;dfgtf 5, s;/ L ;+jfb ;Dej 5 eGg] kg{ ;S5, of] Pp6f l;4fGt xf] . ;+jfbsf] klxnf] cfwf/ ;defj xf] , ;xefjn] ;+jfbsf] lgt/ Gt/ tf sfod u/ fpF5 . / fhgLlts clwsf/ sf] s'/ f gu/ ] Tof] nf] stGq x'Fb} g . nf] stGqdf ;a} sf] s'/ f ;'lgg'k5{ . ;lxi0f'tf / ;b\efjnfO{ slxn] sfxL+ Pp6} zAbdf k|of] u ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 . ;dfhdf ;b\efj e8\sfpg] sfd u/ ] sf ;~rf/ dfWodk|lt ;r] t / xg'k5{ . ;dfhdf s'g} 36gf x'G5, To;kl5 ;b\efj ¥ofnL lgsflnG5 . ;dfhdf vnan eof] eg] o: tf ;b\efj ¥ofnL lgsflnG5 . ;b\efj Pp6f ;sf/ fTdskg xf] . xfd|f] h: tf] hflt, efiff, wd{ / e"uf] nsf lx;fan] ljljwtf af] s] sf] b] zdf ;b\efj cfjZos 5 . ;d'bfosf nflu sfd ug] { csf] / fah: tf] ;+: yfn] ;b\efjsf] s'/ f ubf{ ;defj / ;xefjsf] s'/ f ug'{kg] { x'G5 . ;dfhdf ;+jfbxLgtf cfof] eg] To;n] g} / fZotf k} bf u5{ . ;+jfbsf dfWodaf6 cfGtl/ s låljwf / ;fdflhs låljwfnfO{ klg lrg{ ;Sg] x'g'k5{ . clxn] sf] g] kfnL ;dfh ;+jfbsf] lx;fan] yfs] sf] h: tf] cj: yfdf 5 . gLlt agfpg] ynf] ;+;b\df klg x'g'kg] { hlt ;+jfb eO/ x] sf] 5} g . g] tfnfO{ hgtfsf] s'/ f ;'Gg] km';{b sd 5 . ;fj{hlgs gLlt lgdf{0fsf qmddf ;+jfb eP÷gePsf] ljifodf rf;f] lbg] sfd ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ug'{k5{ .

lr/ GhLjL vgfn M o; jif{sf] ljZj / ] l8of] lbj;sf] gf/ f g} … ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtÚ 5, / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsfnfO{ lnP/ of] gf/ f to ul/ Psf] xf] nf . xfdL ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtsf ;+jfxsx? oxfF pkl: yt ePsf 5f} + . xfdLn] hlt klg / ] l8of] x? ;~rfng u/ ] sf 5f} +, ltg} / ] l8of] dfkm{t 5nkmn ug'{ g} ;+jfb xf] . sltko ljifoj: t' gkm's] sf x'G5g\, / ] l8of] sf] sfd g} ;+jfb ug'{ xf] . : yfgLo txdf p7] sf c;dembf/ L cGTosf nflu / ] l8of] df ;+jfb h?/ L 5 . ;dfhleqsf ;b: oaLrsf] ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg ug{, gofF of] hgf Nofpg ;+jfb ul/ G5 . / ] l8of] n] ha ;+jfb ;'? u5{, ToxfF lgsf; lg: sG5 .

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;+jfbsf qmddf Pscsf{sf] efjgfnfO{ sb/ ul/ g' ;lxi0f'tf xf] . ;dfhsf] ultzLntfnfO{ ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] sfd ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ug'{k5{ / ul/ / x] sf klg 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] z';f;gsf nflu x'g\, / ] l8of] sf] sfd ;d'bfodf ;+jfb u/ L zflGt Nofpg] xf] . ;d'bfodf czflGt x'g] cj: yf cfof] eg] / ] l8of] n] ;+jfbsf] yfngL ug'{k5{ . ;d'bfosf] cfly{s, ef} lts ;'/ Iffsf ljifodf klg / ] l8of] hf] l8G5g\ . ;fdflhs Pstfsf nflu klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] e"ldsf v] ln/ x] sf x'G5g\ . ;femf ;/ f] sf/ sf ljifodf ;+jfb rnfpg] , uNtL eP : jLsf/ ug] { sfd klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ug'{k5{ . / ] l8of] af6 k|jfx x'g] ;Gb] zn] ;dfhdf c;/ ug] { ePsfn] ;Gb] z k|jfx ubf{ Wofg k'¥ofpg'k5{ . Psk6s ;~rfl/ t s'/ f ;Rofpg ;lsFb} g t/ v08g ug{ ;lsG5 . sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf uNtL x'g ;S5, To;nfO{ dx;'; ug{, v08g ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . g] kfns} ;Gbe{df oxfFsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] åGåsf] ;dodf g} ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtsf] sfd ul/ ;s] sf pbfx/ 0fx? 5g\ . tTsfnLg dfcf] jfbLnfO{ ;/ sf/ n] cft+ssf/ L 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] ca: yfdf ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;/ sf/ åf/ f cft+ssf/ L 3f] lift eGg] zAb k|of] u u/ ] sf lyP, cft+ssf/ L eg] sf lyPgg\ .

lgh{gf zdf{ M of] jif{ o'g] : sf] n] g} ljZj / ] l8of] lbj;df … ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtÚ sf] gf/ f lbPsf] xf] . o'g] : sf] n] k|hftGqsf] ;'b[9Ls0f, ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGt : yfkgfsf nflu / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsfsf] sb/ ub} { cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!! df o'g] : s] sf] #^ cf} + dxf;efn] ] !# km] a|'c/ LnfO{ / ] l8of]

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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lbj; 3f] if0ff u/ ] sf] lyof] , To;nfO{ ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3sf] ^& cf} + dxf;efn] kfl/ t u/ ] kl5 / ] l8of] lbj; dgfpg yflnPsf] xf] . To;} cGtu{t cfh xfdL cf7f} + ljZj / ] l8of] lbj; dgfO/ x] sf 5f} + . d g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;Gbe{nfO{ hf] 8\b} of] jif{sf] ;a lyd … ;+jfb / ;xeflutfÚ sf ljifodf s] xL s'/ f / fV5' . ;+jfb ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] , ;d'bfosf nflu / ;d'bfos} ;xeflutfdf x'g'k5{, cy{k"0f{ x'g'k5{ / To;n] s] xL g s] xL k|ltkmn lgsfNg'k5{ eGg] 5 . csf] { … o'gfOl6ª c/ fp08 z] o8{ sG;g{Ú eGg] 5 . ;femf rf;f] sf ljifonfO{ klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] p7fO/ x] sf 5g\ . cem slt ;'b[9 u/ ] / p7fpg ;lsg] eGg] cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .

;~rf/ sf tLg vDaf lghL, ;fj{hlgs / ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdWo] o'g] : sf] n] ;fd'bflos ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf] 5 . d"nwf/ sf ;~rf/ dfWodn] p7fpg] ljifo ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo;Dd gk'Ug ;S5 . ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] kx'Fr d"nwf/ sf ;~rf/ dfWod;Dd 5} g . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? ;d'bfod} 5g\, pgLx? ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf dflg;sf] kx'Frdf 5g\ . pgLx?sf] cfjfh ;fd'bflos ;~rf/ dfWoddfkm{t a'nGb ePsf 5g\, pgLx?sf] efjgf ;+jfb eP/ aflx/ cfPsf] 5 . g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] : jtGqtf, : jfldTj, ;~rfngh: tf ljifonfO{ Vofn ub} { cfkm\gf] ;fd'bflos rl/ q sfod / fvL sfd u/ ] sf] df v';L nfu] sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] u/ ] sf sfd / k|of;n] ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtsf nflu ;d'bfo: t/ df yk 6] jf k'Ug] ljZjf; 5 .

;xhstf{ M g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / pgLx?n] ;d'bfodf v] ln/ x] sf] e"ldsf s: tf] 5 <

zdf{ M lxhf] åGåsf a] nf tkfO{x?n] / ] l8of] nfO{ Pp6f ;femf d~r agfpg'eof] . / fHo / åGå/ t kIf b'j} sf] cfjfh ahfpg'eof] . To;n] / ] l8of] sf] ljZj;gLotf a9fPsf] lyof] . clxn] cj: yf km/ s 5 . Psf] xf] / f] dfq ;'Gg rfxg] dflg; ;d'bfodf 5} gg\ . clg oxL ;d'bfodf v/ fa k|;f/ 0f ug] { / ] l8of] klg 5g\ . xfdLnfO{ jf: tljs j: t'l: ylt b] vfpg ljljwtf rflxPsf] 5 . k|: t'ltsf] ljljwtfn] ;+jfbnfO{ a9fpg ;S5 . / ] l8of] ljljwtfsf nflu xf] , k|hftGqsf nflu xf] , ax'ntfsf nflu xf] , cfjfhsf nflu xf] .

;fd'bflos

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vgfn M / ] l8of] cfkm} +df zlQmzfnL dfWod xf] . / ] l8of] klg cl8of] / lel8of] b'j} df cfO;Sof] , / ] l8of] ;a} eGbf w] / } ;'lgg] dfWod xf] eGg] tYo aflx/ cfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] / fd|f] sfd ul/ / x] sf 5g\, cem / fd|f] ug'{kg] { r'gf} tL klg cfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ;~rfnsn] o;tkm{ ;r] t x'g h?/ L 5 . clxn] / ] l8of] nfO{ ;dfrf/ … skL k] i6 w] / } ePsf] Ú cf/ f] k nfUg] u/ ] sf] 5 . Pp6f / ] l8of] n] uNtL ;dfrf/ ahfP ;a} n] uNtL ahfpF5g\, To: tf] cj: yfdf uNtL ;dfrf/ x?sf] g] 6js{ aGg] 8/ 5 . o: tf cf/ f] kaf6 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] d'Qm x'g'k5{ . / ] l8of] n] ;d'bfos} s'/ f Nofpg] , ;+jfb ug] {, Ps csf{sf] ;xof] usf nflu sfd ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] la;{g gx'g] s'/ f, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ljBfno klg xf] . of] k9\g] / k9fpg] 7fpF xf] , o;sf] : s'lnª g} / fd|f] eP/ hfg' k5{ .

lgh{gf M ljkb\sf a] nf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] v] n] sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . / ] l8of] df aHg] ;fdu|L tof/ ug'{cl3 cg';Gwfg eg] ug{ h?/ L 5 .

;xhstf{ M jt{dfg cj: yfdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf r'gf} tL s: tf 5g\ <

zdf{ M / ] l8of] / ;a} sf nflu r'gf} tL eg] s} / fhgLlts r'gf} tL xf] . xfdL ;a} pkef] Qmf ePsf 5f} +, ;dfrf/ df xfdL gfos x'g'kg] { xf] , ;] jfu|fxL xf] Ogf} + t/ ;] jfu|fxL ePsf 5f} + . xfdL >f] tf xf] Og, gful/ s aGg'k5{ . / ] l8of] ;w} + ;+jb] gzLn If] q ePsf] s'/ f Vofn ug'{k5{ . ;dfhdf ;+jfb, ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtsf nflu / ] l8of] ;d'bfodf k'Ug'k5{ . ;fdflhs ;b\efj sfod ug{ / ] l8of] n] ;d'bfo;Fu 5nkmn ug'{k5{ . ;d'bfosf] cfjfh af] Ng'k5{ . hgtfn] af] Ng kfpg'k5{, pgLx?nfO{ / ] l8of] n] ;xof] u ug'{k5{ .

km\nf] /

/ ] l8of] k|lt >f] tfsf] rfxgf 36\of] eg] ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod ug{ s] ug] { <

vgfn M ;d'bfosf] / ] l8of] ;Lw} + ;d'bfodf hfg] ePsfn] o;sf] qm] h;Fu t'ngf ug{ ldNb} g . lg/ Gt/ ;d'bfodf eg] hfg'k5{ . ;d'bfo klg kl/ jt{gzLn ePsfn] kl/ jt{gnfO{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] klg ;dfTg ;Sg'k5{ .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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km\nf] /

g} / fZotfdf ;+jfb cfjZos 5 ls 5} g < To: tf] cj: yfdf / ] l8of] n] s: tf] e"ldsf v] Ng ;S5 <

zdf{ M g} / fZotf cfpg glbg lg/ Gt/ ;+jfbsf] cfjZostf 5 . ;+jfbxLgtf eg] sf] lg;fl: ;g' xf] . ;+jfb cfkm"leq klg x'G5 . ;+jfbn] lgsf; lbG5 .

vgfn M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ sfg'gn] klg lrgfpg'k5{, ;xL sfg'g cfjZos 5 . xfd|f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ cem alnof] agfpg' h?/ L 5 . g] kfn aflx/ sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;fdflhs ljifoj: t'df dfq} ahfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ t/ g] kfndf eg] ;fdflhs ljifoj: t' / ;fdfrf/ b'j} ahfpg] ul/ Psf] 5 . of] xfd|f] km/ skg xf] .

lgh{gf M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] l;4fGt ;d'bfon] g} g] t[Tj ug'{k5{ eGg] xf] . Psn] dfq} rnfP lghL h: t} x'g hfG5 . g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? o'g] : sf] sf] kl/ efiff;Fu d] n gvfPh: tf] b] lvPsf] cj: yf klg 5 . xfdL g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu hf] l8Psf] gLltsf] kvf{Odf 5f} + .

lgisif{

g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;d'bfo: t/ df lg/ Gt/ ;+jfb rnfP/ ;lxi0f'tf / zflGtsf nflu sfd ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ;do / ] l8of] n] hlt ;d'bfodf hfg'kg] { xf] Tolt hfg g;s] sf] xf] ls eGg] k|Zg cfpg yfn] sf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] pTkfbgeGbf c?sf] sG6] G6df a9L e/ k/ ] sf] , k|: t'ltdf ljljwtf gx'Fbf >f] tfsf] ;+Vof 36\g k'u] sf] tyf ;a} / ] l8of] n] lbuf] kgfsf nflu af6f] ] klxNofpg g;s] sf] cj: yf 5 . g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] df} lnstf eg] s} ;xeflutf, ;~rfng, : jfldTj, sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ x'g\ . ;d'bfodf hfg] s'/ fnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf / fVg'k5{ . ;fd'bflos ;jfnx?df lg/ Gt/ ;+jfb ug'{k5{, ;fd'bflos rf;f] sf ljifodf 5nkmn eP gePsf] Vofn ug'{k5{, gful/ snfO{ ;'lgg'k5{ . d'Vo s'/ f ;fd'bflos efjgfnfO{ hf] ufO{ / fVg'k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu 5'§} gLlt cfjZos 5, To;sf nflu ;a} txdf ;+jfbdfkm{t bafa ;[hgf ul/ g'k5{ .

;fd'bflos

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�n ljifo M k/ Dk/ fut xfgLsf/ s ;+: sf/ / cEof;lj?4 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

�n ;xhstf{ M aGbgf bg'jf/ , ;lrj, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

�n jQmfx? M df] xgdfof e08f/ L 9sfn, jL/ ] Gb|gu/ gu/ kflnsf ;'v] {t

�n k': s/ vftL M k} / jL lgb] {zs, jN8{ lehg OG6/ g] zgn

�n c?0fsfGt kf} 8] n M 8] k'6L lkmN8 Dofg] h/ , ;] e b lrN8«] g

�n e"ld rfkfufO{F M n] vf ;ldlt ;+of] hs, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

5nkmnsf] bf] ;|f] ;qdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 csf] / fan] ax; k} / aL ub} { cfPsf] k/ Dk/ fut xfgLsf/ s ;+: sf/ / cEof;lj?4df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ljifodf ax; ePsf] lyof] . of] ax;sf] ;xhLs/ 0f csf] / fasf ;lrj aGbgf bg'jf/ n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ax;sf nflu jQmfsf ?kdf s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] ;b/ d'sfd ;'v] {tsf] jL/ ] Gb|gu/ gu/ kflnsfsL pkd] o/ df] xgdfof e08f/ L 9sfn, jN8{ lehg OG6/ g] zgnsf k} / jL lgb] {zs k': s/ vftL, ;] e b lrN8«] gsf 8] k'6L lkmN8 Dofg] h/ c?0fsfGt kf} 8] n, csf] / fa n] vf ;ldlt ;+of] hs e"ld rfkfufO{F / xg'ePsf] lyof] . ;xhstf{ bg'jf/ n] dlxgfjf/ L ePsL lbbLalxgLn] 6Lsf nufpFbf kfk nfU5 eGg] , tL lbbLalxgLnfO{ bfh'efOn] anfTsf/ ubf{ kfk nfUb} g < eGg] dd{: kzL{ k|Zgaf6 ;'? ug'{ePsf] ax;n] ;a} sf] dg lvr] sf] lyof] .

df] xgdfof e08f/ L 9sfn M ;'v] {t gu/ kflnsfn] of] jif{ ef} lts ljsf; %) k|ltzt, ;';+: s[t ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ %) k|ltzt ah] 6 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . ;';+: s[t ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] ah] 6 g} ;dfhdf / x] sf xfgLsf/ s k|yflj?4 k|of] u eO/ x] sf] 5 . gu/ kflnsfsf] klxnf] a} 7sb] lv g} ue{df 5f] / f5f] / L lrg] / ue{ktgsf] s'/ fsf] lj/ f] w ul/ Psf] lyof] . jL/ ] Gb|gu/ gu/ kflnsfn] 5f] / Lsf] hGdbtf{ ubf{ ? Ps xhf/ lbg] lg0f{o u/ ] sf] 5 . gu/ n] : jf: Yo ;+: yfdf ;'Ts] / L x'g cfpFbf PDa'n] G; ef8f ldgfxf ug] { k|of; ul/ / x] sf] 5 . gu/ leq JofKt hftLo lje] b\

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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Go"gLs/ 0fsf] k|of; klg hf/ L / flvPsf] 5 . ;dfhdf JofKt xfgLsf/ s cEof;x?, s"/ Llt / s';+: sf/ cGTosf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/ g] 5 .

k': s/ vftL M g] kfnLx?sf nflu ;a} eGbf pQd ;~rf/ dfWod / ] l8of] xf] . ;dfhdf h;nfO{ xfdLn] xfgLsf/ s cEof; eg] sf 5f} +, oL cEof;dfq} xf] Ogg\, sfg'gn] lgif] w u/ ] sf ljifo x'g\ . jN8{lehgn] afnljjfxlj?4df csf] / fa;Fu ldn] / sfd ul/ / x] sf] 5 . g] kfndf afnljjfx / f] Sg ;s] ;g @)#) ;Dddf !! va{ ?k} ofF hf] ufpg ;lsG5 . xfgLsf/ s cEof;;Fu hf] l8Psf sfg'gL s'/ fdfq} xf] Og, o;sf ;fdflhs cEof; / cGo kf6fx?af/ ] klg 5nkmn ug'{k5{, of] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] sfd xf] .

c?0fsfGt kf} 8] n M ljZjdf / f] syfd jf pkrf/ ug{ ;lsg] / f] usf sf/ 0f x/ ] s lbg kfFr jif{ k'Ug'cufl8 !^ xhf/ eGbf a9L afnaflnsfsf] d[To' x'G5 . kfFr jif{d'lgsf Ps rf} yfO afnaflnsfsf] -!% s/ f] 8 ^) nfv_ zf/ Ll/ s tyf dfgl;s ljsf; s'kf] if0fsf sf/ 0f pd] / cg';f/ ePsf] 5} g . ljZjdf ^ df Ps hgf afnaflnsf ljBfnoeGbf aflx/ 5g\ . åGåsf sf/ 0f *) df Ps afnaflnsf 3/ af/ ljxLg x'g'k/ ] sf] 5 . ljZjsf !^ s/ f] 8 *) nfv afnaflnsf afn>d ug{ afWo 5g\ . oLdWo] * s/ f] 8 %) nfv afnaflnsfn] hf] lvdk"0f{ sfd u5{g\ . of] ;+Vof o'/ f] ksf ;a}

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afnaflnsfsf] ;+Vof -!# s/ f] 8 *) nfv_ eGbf w] / } xf] . x/ ] s ;ft ;] s] G8df !% jif{d'lgsL Ps aflnsfsf] ljjfx x'G5 . x/ ] s b'O{ ;] s] 08df Ps aflnsfn] aRrf hGdfpFl5g\ . x/ ] s lbg ljZjdf @)) eGbf w] / } afnaflnsf dfl/ g] u/ ] sf] tYof+s 5 . ;] e b lrN8«] gn] afnljjfx / f] Sg ( lhNnfsf @@ j6f ufpF tyf gu/ kflnsfdf sfd ul/ / x] sf] 5 . xfdLn] sfd ;'? ug'{cl3 #& k|ltzt afnljjfx ePsf 7fpFdf clxn] 36] / @! k|ltztdf em/ ] sf] 5 . afnljjfxlj?4 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] ul/ / x] sf] sfd k|z+;gLo 5 .

e"ld rfkfufO{ M xfd|f] ;dfhdf / x] sf ;+: sf/ x? clnlvt ;+ljwfgh: t} ePsf 5g\ . ;dfhnfO{ o: t} clnlvt ;+: sf/ n] rnfO/ x] sf] x'G5 . clxn] klg xfdLn] a9L / fhgLlts, cfly{s ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf 5g\ . xfdLn] ;fdflhs ljifo / ;+: sf/ sf ljifodf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?df 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf 5f} +, t/ hlt ulxl/ P/ ug'{kg] { xf] Tolt k'u] sf] 5} g, cem} k|z: t 5nkmn ug'{k5{ . kqklqsf, 6] lnlehgx?sf] t'ngfdf ;dfhsf ;+: s[ltsf ljifodf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] af] n] sf 5g\ . ;d'bfodf / ] l8of] ;a} lx;fan] pQd ;~rf/ dfWodsf ?kdf / x] sf] 5 . ;+: s[lt, ;+: sf/ sf gfddf kL8f ef] lu/ x] sf dflg;sf] syf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] af6 cfpg h?/ L 5 .

xfd|f s';+: sf/ sf sf/ 0f ;dfhsf ljleGg ju{, ;d'bfon] ef] lu/ x] sf b'Mv, kL8f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] dfkm{t aflx/ Nofpg h?/ L 5 . xfd|f ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[ltn] s–s;n] b'Mv kL8f ef] lu/ ] sf 5g\ tLgsf] syf ;+sng u/ ] / / ] l8of] n] aflx/ Nofpg ;Sg'k5{ . xfdLn] 3/ 3/ af6 df] afOnsf e/ df tL s'/ f ;+sng ug{ ;S5f} + . s"/ Llt x6fpg, To: tf k|yfsf] gsf/ fTds c;/ sf syfufyf / ] l8of] dfkm{t aflx/ Nofpg] ljifodf Wofg lbg'k5{ .

;xhstf{ M ;'v] {t gu/ kflnsfn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?;Fu ;xsfo{ s;/ L ug] { of] hgf agfPsf] 5 < gu/ kflnsfleqsf gful/ sn] agfPsf 5fpuf] 7 eTsfpg] ls 5fpsf] ;f] r eTsfpg] tof/ Ldf x'g'x'G5 <

df] xgdfofM ;~rf/ dfWodx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{ : yfgLo txnfO{ ckl/ xfo{ b] lvPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfjfhljxLgx?sf] cfjfh af] ln/ x] sf

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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5g\ . : yfgLo tx / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?aLrsf] ;xsfo{af6 dfq} 5fpk8Lh: tf s"/ Llt, s'k|yflj?4 5nkmn rnfpg ;lsg] cj: yf 5 . / ] l8of] n] klg xfdLn] k|;f/ 0f u/ ] sf ljifon] : yfgLo tx, hgtfdf s: tf] c;/ k/ ] sf] 5 eg] / ;dLIff ug{'k5{ . casf] ofqfdf : yfgLo tx / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu;Fu} hfg h?/ L 5 . P] glgod geP/ afnljjfx ePsf] xf] Og, ul/ aLn] dfq} klg afnljjfx ePsf] xf] Og, lsg t < o;sf] sf/ 0f / ] l8of] n] vf] Hg'k5{ . xfd|f] gu/ df klg afnljjfxsf] tYof+s 8/ nfUbf] 5 . xfdL ldn] / sfd u/ f} + . / ] l8of] ;Fu xfdLn] ljutdf s] xL sfd u/ ] sf lyof} +, ca klg u5f} { . r] tgf km} nfpg] sfd ;~rf/ dfWodn] ul/ / x] sf 5g\, cem o;sf nflu w] / } ug'{kg] { 5 . ;fdflhs s"/ Lltlj?4 / ] l8of] ;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ xfdL tof/ 5f} + .

;xhstf{ M k/ Dk/ fut xfgLsf/ s cEof; cGTosf] cleofgdf ;] e b lrN8«] g, jN8{lehg h: tf ;+: yfn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / ;~rf/ dfWod;Fu s;/ L ;xsfo{ / ;"rgf k|jfxsf] tof/ L ul/ / x] sf 5g\ <

k': s/ M xfdL nfdf] ;dob] lv ;xsfo{d} 5f} + . ;dfhsf s"/ Llt, s';+: sf/ lj?4sf] cleofgsf nflu ;xsfo{ hf/ L / xg] 5 . ljjfx ubf{ sf8{df b'nfxf b'nxLsf] pd] / n] Vg] , bfOhf] lj?4sf] rng ;'? ePsf 5g\, o: tf ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf lbg ;lsG5 . xfdL cfufdL lbgdf klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;~rf/ sdL{x?;Fu ;dGjo u/ ] / sfd ug] { r/ 0fdf 5f} + .

c?0fsfGt M xfdL æsbd s0ff{nLÆsf] cleofg ;'? ug{ nflu/ x] sf 5f} + . cfufdL lbgdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu ;xsfo{ ug] { of] hgf 5, ;fem] bf/ Lsf nflu xfdL v'Nnf 5f} + . ;dfhdf JofKt k/ Dk/ fut xfgLsf/ s cEof;x?lj?4 ljljw ljifoj: t' / ;zQm ;"rgf k|jfx ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL ;g\ @)#) ;Dd afnljjfx d'Qm b] z agfpg] ;/ sf/ sf] / 0fgLltnfO{ ;xof] u ul/ / x] sf 5f} + .

;xhstf{ M k/ Dk/ fut xfgLsf/ s cEof;x? ;f] rs} sf/ 0f ;dfhdf h/ f uf8] / al;/ x] sf] ;Gbe{df ;f] r} kl/ jt{g ug] { s'/ fdf slQsf] r'gf} tL 5 <

;fd'bflos

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e"ldM ;docg';f/ ;+: sf/ x? klg kl/ : s[t x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . ;f] r kl/ jt{g gu/ L ;'v} 5} g, To;sf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] sfd ug'{k5{ .sfd r'gf} tLk"0f{ eP klg ca h?/ L eO;s] sf] 5 . jl~rtLs/ 0fdf k/ ] sf ;d'bfo, dflg;sf syf aflx/ Nofpg ;s] ;+jfbsf] 9f] sf v'N5g\ . ;dfhdf ;+: sf/ n] kf/ ] sf] gsf/ fTds c;/ af/ ] 5nkmn h?/ L 5 . ;fdflhs k/ Dk/ f, d"No dfGotfnfO{ / ] l8of] sdL{n] cln cfnf] rgfTds eP/ x] g{ h?/ L 5 .

/ ] l8of] zlQmzfnL dfWod xf] . b] zsf ;a} # ;o %) ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] lbgsf] Pp6f ;fdflhs s"/ Llt;Fu hf] l8Psf] ljifonfO{ ;dfrf/ , ljrf/ , sfo{qmd jf cGtjf{tf{;Fu hf] 8] / aflx/ Nofpg] xf] eg] jif{el/ df nfveGbf a9L ;jfndf 5nkmn, ax; x'g;S5 .

lgisif{

;dfhdf / x] sf] xfgLsf/ s cEof;lj?4sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] cem ;zQm eP/ nfUg'kg] { a] nf cfPsf] 5 . sfd r'gf} tLk"0f{ eP klg o;df sfd ug'{sf] ljsNk 5} g . : yfgLo tx / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] aLr ;xsfo{ u/ ] / ;fdflhs ljs[lt, lj;+ultlj?4 ;Fu} cl3 hfg ;lsG5 . o: tf ljifo / If] qdf sfd ul/ / x] sf / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yf, o'jf ;d"x, cGo ;fdflhs ;+: yf;Fu ldn] / hfg'k5{ . ;+: sf/ sf sf/ 0fn] kL8f ef] Ug afWo, ;d'bfo jf JolQm ljz] ifsf syf / ] l8of] af6 aHg h?/ L 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] sfo{qmd, ;dfrf/ jf ljrf/ d"ns sfo{qmddWo] Psdf o: tf ljifonfO{ b} lgs ?kdf p7fpg ;Sbf s"/ Llt, s';+: sf/ lj?4 b] z} e/ dfxf} n ;[hgf x'g;S5 . o: tf ljifodf sfd ul/ / x] sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? / ;a} kIfaLr nfdf] / lg/ Gt/ ;xsfo{n] dfq} ;kmntf ;Dej 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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ax; #

�n ljifo M ;fd'bflos cleofg / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] aLrsf] cGt/ ;DaGw

�n ;xhstf{ M nId0f v8\sf, sf] iffWoIf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

�n jQmfx? M ljdnf s] ;L, s[lif e"ld Joj: yf tyf ;xsf/ L dGqL Pj+ k|jQmf, s0ff{nL k|b] z

�n ef/ tL kf7s M cWoIf, ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf dxf;+3

�n / fh] Gb| cof{n M / fli6«o cWoIf, vfg] kfgL tyf ;/ ;kmfO pkef] Qmf dxf;+3

�n sjLGb| s] ;L M ufpFkflnsf dxf;+3, s0ff{nL

�n nfnaxfb'/ cf] nL M / ] l8of] afh'/ f

ljifout ax;df ;fd'bflos cleofg / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] aLrsf] cGt/ ;DaGwsf ljifodf ePsf] ax;sf] ;xhLs/ 0f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ sf sf] iffWoIf nId0f v8\sfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . of] ljifosf jQmfdf s0ff{nL k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf k|jQmf;d] t / xg'ePsL s[lif e"ld Joj: yf tyf ;xsf/ LdGqL ljdnf s] ;L, ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf dxf;+3sL cWoIf ef/ tL kf7s, vfg] kfgL tyf ;/ ;kmfO pkef] Qmf dxf;+3sf / fli6«o cWoIf / fh] Gb| cof{n, / ] l8of] afh'/ fsf nfnaxfb'/ cf] nL / ufpFkflnsf dxf;+3, s0ff{nLsf sjLGb| s] ;L / xg'ePsf] lyof] .

;xhstf{ M s[lif e"ld Joj: yf tyf ;xsf/ L dGqL ljdnf s] ;LHo", s0ff{nL k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf k|jQmf;d] t x'g'x'G5, s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] ljsf;sf nflu s: tf ;fd'bflos cleofg rnfpFb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 < s0ff{nLdf / x] sf $! ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?;Fu s;/ L ;xsfo{ ul/ / xg'ePsf] 5 <

ljdnf s] ;L M s0ff{nLdf ljljw ;fdflhs cleofg rln/ x] sf 5g\ . xfdL xfd|f cleofg / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ hf] 8\g] sfd ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . x/ ] s ;fdflhs cleofgdf k|rf/ sf] vfFrf] 5, Tof] vfFrf] nfO{ k"/ f ug] { sfd ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] u/ ] sf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax;

29

xfdL clxn] cfkm} +n] agfPsf] ;+oGqdf cEof; ul/ / x] sf 5f} +, cfufdL jif{ s: tf sfo{qmd ug] { eg] / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{;Fu ;'emfj / ;xof] usf] klg ck] Iff 5 . ;fd'bflos cleofg / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu ;fem] bf/ L b'j} ljifodf ;'emfjsf] ck] Iff ul/ Psf] 5 . s0ff{nLdf ;a} eGbf ;'lgg] / ] l8of] g} xf] , ;Fu} ldn] / hfcf} + .

sjLGb| s] ;L M g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ljleGg xsx?sf] Joj: yf u/ L To;nfO{ ;a} ;/ sf/ n] ;+/ If0f ug] { Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . ;d'bfosf] nufgL, ckgTj / ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutfdf g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] rln/ x] sf 5g\ . ;/ sf/ nfO{ hgtfk|lt pQ/ bfoL agfpg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] ln/ x] sf 5g\ . hgtfsf ;] jfdf ;dlk{t / ] l8of] hgtfk|lt pQ/ bfoL 5g\, To: tf / ] l8of] nfO{ ;d'bfoleqsf cfly{s ?kdf ljkGg, ;fdflhs ?kdf kl5 k/ ] sf ;d'bfosf cfjfh aflx/ Nofpg'xf] ;\ . ;d'bfodf ePsf r'gf} tL lrg{, ;DefjgfnfO{ klxNofpgsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] : yflkt ePsf 5g\ . xfdL ;xsfo{ ug{ tof/ 5f} + .

ef/ tL kf7s M ;d'bfosf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fpg] ;a} vfn] ;+u7gx?sf] cfjfh Pp6} 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3n] p7fPsf ljifo xfd|f klg ljifo x'g\ . ;fdflhs cfGbf] ng, gful/ s ;dfhsf] e"ldsfsf] ljifodf sltko k|Zg v8f ePsf 5g\ . gful/ s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf cfjZos k/ ] sf]

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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30

a] nf ;zQm b] lvG5, gq b] lvFb} g . cfjZostfcg';f/ ;zQm aGg] tkm{ cu|;/ 5f} + . ;fd'bflos ;+u7gn] bnx?sf Ph] 08fdf klg ;xof] u u/ ] sf] : d/ 0f ug{ rfxG5' . ;d'bfosf] clwsf/ sf nflu ;a} nfO{ ;xof] u ug'{k5{, ul/ G5 . gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;fd'bflos ;+u7gn] eg] h: tf] x'g ;s] sf] 5} g, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu o;cl3 s] slt sfd x'g ;s] eGg] ;dLIff ub} { cfufdL lbgdf ;fem] bf/ L u/ ] / cl3 al9G5 . gLlt lgdf{0fsf] sfd rln/ x] sf] of] a] nf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / gful/ s ;+u7g ldn] / hfg h?/ L 5, ;a} sf] 3/ k'Ug] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ sdhf] / 7flgg' x'Fb} g .

/ fh] Gb| cof{nM ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;fd'bflos cleofgdf hgtfsf] ;fyL ag] sf 5g\ . hxfF xfdL k'Ug ;s] sf 5} gf} +, ToxfF / ] l8of] k'u] sf 5g\ . ;/ ;kmfO cleofgsf s'/ f u5f+} {, o;sf] k|j4{gsf nflu / ] l8of] s} e"ldsf 5 . 5fpk8Lh: tf ljljw ljs[ltsf lj?4 cfjfh p7fpg] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x'g\ . vfg] kfgL, ;/ ;kmfO / : jR5tfsf] If] qsf] ;'vb'Mvsf] ;fyL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? g} x'g\ . pkef] Qmf ;ldltb] lv s] Gb|Lo tx;Ddsf] ;"rgf ;Dk|] 0f ug] {, cleofgdf ;fem] bf/ L ug] { sfddf xfdL ;Fu} 5f} +, ;fem] bf/ sf] ?kdf cl3 al9/ xg] 5f} + .

;xhstf{ M : yfgLo ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;fem] bf/ Lsf] 9f] sf v'Nof] <

nfnaxfb'/ cf] nL M ;fem] bf/ L s] xL xb;Dd ePsf] 5 t/ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] klg rflxg] hlt ;lqmo x'g ;ls/ x] sf 5} gg\ . ;fdflhs ;jfndf 5nkmn geP ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] klg sfd x'Fb} g .

;xhstf{ M ;fdflhs ;+jfbsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsf s: tf] x'G5 <

s] ;L M ;fd'bflos cleofgx? clxn] klg ;zQm 5g\, sdhf] / 5g\ h: tf] nfUb} g . sltko ;Gbe{df ;/ sf/ eGbf ;fd'bflos cleofgx? alnof] b] lvPsf 5g\ . ;/ sf/ , ;fd'bflos cleoGtf / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf aLrdf ;dGjo x'g h?/ L 5 . va/ bf/ L hf/ L / fVg' ePs} 5, xfdL ;d[l4sf] cleofgdf 5f} +, ;DaGwx? alnof] agfpg] cleofgdf nfUg'k5{ . / ] l8of] df af} l4s ax; ;~rfng x'g'k5{, / fHok|0ffnLdf Nofpg'kg] {

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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;'wf/ af/ ] 5nkmn xf] ;\, g] kfndf s;/ L ;d[l4 ;Dej 5 eg] / 5nkmn xf] ;\, ;fdflhs ;+jfbx?sf] yfngL u/ f} +, To;df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] ;'?cft u?g\, s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] lxtsf nflu klg ;f] rf} + . ;femf cleofg ;~rfng u/ f} +, ;/ sf/ / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu;Fu} cl3 a9f} + . ;/ sf/ n] sxfFg] / ;lhnf] agfpg ;S5, 5nkmn u/ f} + . ;a} nfu] / ul/ aL lr/ f} + . s0ff{nL k|b] znfO{ ;xof] u ug] { u/ L s] xL sfd u/ f} + .

km\nf] /

/ fh] z cof{n, / ] l8of] dbg kf] v/ f M ;fd'bflos ;+: yf / a'emfO{ clg ;/ sf/ sf wf/ 0ff / a'emfO{df Ps?ktf b] lvPg . cfdf ;d"x, o'jf ;d"x, s'nfogh: tf ;fd'bflos ;+u7gn] lagf: jfy{ sfd uy] { . ;fd'bflos ;+: yfx?sf] ;+/ If0f ePg, lrGg ;s] gg\ .

bL3{ vqL, / dfOnf] / ] l8of] M dGqLHo"n] nfda4 eP/ ;xsfo{ eGg'ePsf] 5, ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ } lkR5] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ljifodf km/ s km/ s wf/ 0ff cfPsf 5g\ .

ch'{g / fO{, pkfWoIf csf] / fa M dGqLHo", ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] : yfloTj, ljsf; / ;zQmLs/ 0fsf af/ ] df s] s: tf sfd ug'{ePsf] 5 <

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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;'jf; vltj8f, cWoIf, csf] / fa M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , jg, ;fd'bflos ;+3;+: yf aLrsf] cGt/ ;DaGw / Pp6} cleofgdf s;/ L sfd ug{ ;lsG5 <

gj/ fh dxt/ f, / ] l8of] s0ff{nL cfjfh M ufpFkflnsf dxf;+3nfO{ d] / f] lh1f;f, ufpFkflnsfn] / ] l8of] rnfpg] ls ;xsfo{ ug] {, : ki6 b[li6sf] 0f s] xf] < s0ff{nL k|b] z ;/ sf/ nfO{ k|Zg, ;xsfo{ s;/ L x'G5 < cGo gful/ s ;+u7g;Fu klg ;xsfo{af/ ] / fd|/ L a'em\g ;lsPg .

;xhstf{ M s0ff{nLdf / ] l8of] ;Fu ;dGjodf sxfF s] ;d: of b] lvof] <

cf] nL M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] ;d'bfosf] cfjfh af] Ng] , kL8f kbf{ af] Ng] dfq} xf] Og, ;'vb'Mvsf] ;fyL xf] . ;/ sf/ n] eL8 a9fpFb} 5 ls eGg] 8/ 5 . xfdLn] sfd ul/ / xFbf ;xhLs/ 0f ul/ g'k5{ . kLl8tsf] kIfdf / ] l8of] nfUg'k5{, nfluPsf] 5 . x'g nfu] sf] afnljjfx ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf sf/ 0f / f] lsPsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx? ;a} cleofgdf ldn] / hfg'k5{ . s;sf] e"ldsf sxfFg] / 5, Wofg lbg'k5{ . k} ;f nufgL u/ ] dfq} ;xsfo{ xf] Og, : jod\;] jL of] ubfgnfO{ klg Vofn u/ f} + . ;fd'bflos ;+u7gnfO{ hf] ufO/ fvf} + .

cof{n M gful/ s ;dfh ;/ sf/ sf] k|lt: kwL{ / ljsNk xf] Og . ;/ sf/ sf] g] t[Tj, gful/ s ;+u7gx?, ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?;Fusf] ;fem] bf/ L / pkef] Qmfsf] ckgTj ePdfq} ljsf; lbuf] x'G5 . ;/ sf/ n] sltko cj: yfdf gful/ s ;dfhnfO{ sdhf] / agfpg vf] H5 . g] kfndf pkef] Qmf ;ldltn] ;~rfng u/ ] sf vfg] kfgL;Fu hf] l8Psf ;"rgf ;~rf/ sf sfddf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu hf] l8Psf 5g\ . gLltlgdf{0fsf s'/ f, ;"rgf k|;f/ 0fsf s'/ fdf ;xofqf ub} { hfg] k|lta4tf 5 . ;d'bfosf] jf: tljs cfjfh phfu/ ug] { ;~rf/ dfWod ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] g} x'g\ .

kf7s M g] kfndf @@ xhf/ ;fd'bflos jg 5g\ . ;/ sf/ n] &) k|ltzt jg Joj: yfkg u/ ] sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos jg Joj: yfkgdf ;a} / fd|f] dfq} 5 eGg] klg xf] Og . jgsf sd{rf/ Ln] ;f] emf pkef] QmfnfO{ x} / fg kf/ ] sf 5g\ . wflbªsf] / ] l8of] sf] ejg elTsPsf] ljifodf xfdL;Fu} lyof} + .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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;+3;+: yfaLrdf ;dGjo cefj x'Fbf sltko lg/ +s'z sfg'gn] sfd ug{ afwf ;[hgf u/ ] sf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ dGqfnon] g} sfd ug{ / f] ls/ x] sf] 5 . ljsf;sf] kl/ sNkgf ug] {, gLlt gkm'sfpg] ug'{ePg . ;fd'bflos jgleqsf / fd|f s'/ f egf} + / g/ fd|f 5g\ eg] klg egf} +, b'j} s'/ f cfcf] ;. k|b] z ;/ sf/ n] sfg'g NofpFbf ;DalGwt ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu 5nkmn u/ ] / Nofpg'k5{ . s0ff{nLn] agfPsf] sfg'g c? 5 j6f k|b] zsf nflu l;sfOsf] ljifo xf] ;\ . csf] { k|b] zsf] sfg'g skLk] i6 gug'{xf] nf, ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ n] NofPsf] sfg'gsf] skLk] i6 gul/ lbg'xf] nf . tLg txsf] ;/ sf/ sf] ljjfbn] ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx? tx;gx; eP . ;+3Lotfn] hgtfnfO{ ;'v lbg] xf] ls b'Mv < ;fd'bflos jg s/ ltb} { x} / fg 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu ;fem] bf/ L cflwsfl/ s ePsf] 5} g, ;+ul7t eP/ ;fem] bf/ Ldf sfd ug{ cfjZos 5 .

s] ;L M ;fd'bflos cleofg eg] sf] cfd;xeflutf xf] . tLg txsf ;/ sf/ aLr ;xsfo{, ;dGjo / ;xcl: tTjsf] ;jfn Psflt/ 5 eg] gful/ ssf] ;du| ljsf;sf lglDt tLg txsf ;/ sf/ lhDd] jf/ 5g\ . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;fem] bf/ L / ;xsfo{ u/ ] / hfg h?/ L 5 . ;fem] bf/ L s] sf nflu, sxfFsf nflu eg] / ;f] lrg'k5{ . ;xsfo{sf] ;f] r, sfd, kl/ 0ffd / cfpg] ;[hgf x] l/ g'k5{ . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] jf ;fd'bflos ;+u7gaLrsf] ;fem] bf/ L gx'g'kg] { sf/ 0f 5} g . / ] l8of] , / ] l8of] aLrsf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo, : yfgLo tx / / ] l8of] aLrsf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo klg / fd|f] x'g'k5{ . a'emfOdf Ps?ktf

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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x'g h?/ L 5, ;fem] bf/ L h?/ L 5 . Pp6f / ] l8of] n] u/ ] sf] uNtLn] ;a} / ] l8of] d'5\g] , Pp6f : yfgLo txn] u/ ] sf] uNtLnfO{ ;a} : yfgLo tx d'5\g] sfd ul/ of] eg] ;xsfo{ gl6Sg ;S5 .

;xhstf{ M / ] l8of] nfO{ x] g] { b[li6sf] 0fdf s0ff{nL k|b] zsf dfggLoaLr s'/ f aflemPsf] xf] < cfkm} +n] ;~rf/ dfWod rnfpg vf] h] sf] xf] <

s] ;L M xfdLn] ;d'bfonfO{ g} cl3 a9fpg'k5{ . dGqL–dGqLaLrdf dt afFlemPsf] s'/ f cfPsf] 5, ev{/ } tLg txsf ;/ sf/ ag] sf 5g\ . cfkm} +n] ;~rf/ dfWod rnfpg] ljifo cfPsf lyP t/ xfdL clxn] ;xsfo{sf] sfg'g agfpFb} 5f} + . xfdLnfO{ ;'emfj lbg';\, / fHo ;a} sf] ;/ f] sf/ sf] ljifo xf] , / fHon] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nufot ;a} sf nflu sfd u5{ . ;fem] bf/ L gLltnfO{ j} 1flgs / Jojl: yt agfpg nfuf} + . k|b] zn] / ] l8of] jf 6] lnlehg rnfpg] xf] Og, ePsf ;~rf/ dfWod;Fu ;fem] bf/ Ldf hfgsf nflu sfg'g lgdf{0fdf nfu] sf 5f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ a] jf: tf jf afx] s ug] { eGg] x'Fb} g, sfg'gdf, gLltdf Ps?ktf Nofpg'k5{ . ;Dd] ngdfkm{t k|b] z / s] Gb|Lo ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;'emfa lbg'xf] ;\ . xfdLn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu s] ug] { eg] / cnUu} s] xL sfg'g NofPsf 5} gf} +, l;Sg tof/ 5f} +, ;Fu} cl3 a9f} + .

lgisif{

: yfgLo txx?n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nufotsf ;fd'bflos ;+3;+u7gx?;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{sf] ljsNk 5} g . ;/ sf/ n] / ] l8of] rnfpg] xf] Og, ;xsfo{ ug] { xf] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] klg cfkm"nfO{ gful/ ssf] ;'v / b'Mv b'j} df pEofpg'k5{ . ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; lhlt/ fVg' k5{ . ;+3Lob] lv k|b] z x'Fb} : yfgLo txx? sfg'g lgdf{0fdf nflu/ x] sfn] ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx?n] gofF sfg'gaf/ ] ;'emfj lbg'k5{, ;/ sf/ n] klg ;DalGwt ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?;Fu k|z: t 5nkmn u/ ] / dfq} sfg'g Nofpg'k5{ . ;fd'bflos cleofg eg] sf] ;a} sf] ;xeflutfdf x'g] s'/ f xf] . ;d[l4 / lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu tLg txsf ;/ sf/ , ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx? ldn] / hfg'sf] ljsNk 5} g . Psn] csf{nfO{ afx] s u/ ] / xf] Og, ;fem] bf/ Lsf nflu xft a9fPdfq} ;a} nfO{ ;xh x'G5 .

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ax; $

�n ljifo M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , cj;/ , r'gf} tL / casf] af6f]

�n ;xhstf{ M ljgo u'/ fufO{, sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs, PG6] gf kmfpG8] ;g

�n jQmfx? M uf] ljGb b] jsf] 6f, dxf;lrj, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

�n ;'dg a: g] t M lgb] {zs, cdfs{ Pl;of Kofl;lkms

�n pk] Gb| cof{n M sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs, OSj] n PS;] ;

�n dw' cfrfo{ M sfo{sf/ L k|d'v z] o/ sf: 6 Olgl;ol6e

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] jt{dfg cj: yf, cj;/ , r'gf} tL / casf] af6f] af/ ] ax;sf] ;xhLs/ 0f PG6] gf kmfpG8] ;gsf sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs ljgo u'/ fufO{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cj;/ , r'gf} tL / casf] af6f] df qmdzM csf] / fasf dxf;lrj uf] ljGb b] jsf] 6f, cdfs{sf lgb] {zs ;'dg a: g] t, z] o/ sf: 6 Olgl;ol6esf sfo{sf/ L k|d'v dw' cfrfo{ / OSj] n PS;] ;sf sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs pk] Gb| cof{n jQmfsf ?kdf x'g'x'GYof] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] ljljw r'gf} tL v] lk/ xFbf of] ljifosf] ax;n] ;xefuLx?sf] Wofg s] lGb|t u/ ] sf] lyof] .

;xhstf{ M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , cleofg / jt{dfg;Ddsf] ofqfaf/ ]

pk] Gb| cof{nM g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] : yfkgfsf a] nf ;sf/ af6 / ] l8of] ;~rfngsf] sfd hgtfdf Nofpg' lgs} r'gf} tLk"0f{ lyof] . aL; jif{kl5 klg ;"rgfsf] xs, tTsfnLg cfjZostf, Tof] a] nf nfluk/ ] sf / ] l8of] sdL{ ;a} nfO{ ;Demg rfxG5' . blIf0f Pl;ofsf] klxnf] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , / ] l8of] ;u/ dfyfsf] : yfkgfsf] ljifo hf] 8\g rfxG5', ;lhnf] u/ L / ] l8of] : yfkgf ePsf] xf] Og . Tof] a] nfsf] k|ljlw ToxL a] nfsf nflu lyof] . b'O{ bzs lalt;Sbf k|ljlw k'/ fgf] ePsf] 5 . xfnsf] k|ljlwn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?nfO{ r'gf} tL ylkPsf] 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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;'dg a: g] t M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] r'gf} tLnfO{ dl;gf] u/ L ljZn] if0f gu/ ] cfTd3ftL x'G5 . / ] l8of] sf Oltxf;;Fu hf] l8Psf, jt{dfg;Fu hf] l8Psf / gLltut z"Gotfsf sf/ 0f cl3 cfPsf u/ L tLgj6f r'gf} tL 5g\ . g] kfn jftfj/ 0f kqsf/ ;d"xnufot cleofgdf nfluk/ ] sfx?n] k|;f/ 0fsf] clwsf/ ;/ sf/ af6 hgtfdf nfg' k5{ eg] / k} / jL ub} { ;g\ !((& df / ] l8of] ;u/ dfyf ;'? u/ ] . tTsfnLg cj: yfdf / ] l8of] sf] : yfkgf ;fd'bfloseGbf klg : jtGq / ] l8of] sf nflu ax; ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] zfvf x'g', t/ c? ;fd'bflos ;+u7g gx'g'n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;fd'bfloskg dfly k|Zg p7] sf] 5 . ;d'bfo kqsf/ sf] dfq} xf] Og, kqsf/ ;d'bfosf] c+z xf] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] : jfldTj, d'Vo k|Zg xf] . o;sf] : jfldTj ;d'bfodf x'g'k5{, ;~rfns ;ldlt, af] 8{df ;d'bfo emNsg'k5{, w] / } / ] l8of] df b] lvPsf] 5} g .

;xhstf{ M ;fd'bflos k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ df a: bf / ] l8of] sf r'gf} tL s] b] Vg'x'G5 <

uf] ljGb b] jsf] 6f M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? s;sf nflu < eGg] k|Zgdf k|z: t ax; x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . xfd|f nlIft ;d"x sf] x'g\ < lsg / ] l8of] vf] lnof] < eGg] sf/ 0f s] nfpFb} hfFbf hfg] af6f] klxNofpg ;s] gf} + eg] uGtJo cGof] ntftkm{ ws] lnG5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] 5ftf ;+u7g csf] / fan] of] ljifonfO{ uDeL/ tfsf ;fy lnPsf] 5 . / ] l8of] sf]

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

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37

lbuf] kgf;Fu hf] l8Psf r'gf} tL, : yfgLo ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;fem] bf/ L ub} { va/ bf/ L ug'{kg] { r'gf} tL, gLltut z"Gotfsf sf/ 0f b] lvPsf r'gf} tLn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cK7] / f] df 5g\ .

dw' cfrfo{ M ut kfFr jif{df ePsf kfFrj6f ;j{] If0fn] / ] l8of] sf >f] tf hxfF lyP, ToxL+ 5g\ eGg] tYof+s cfPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;j] {If0faf6 %) k|ltzt g] kfnLn] / ] l8of] ;'Gg] u/ ] sf] kfOof] , h;dWo] @& k|ltzt 3/ w'/ Ln] dfq} / ] l8of] ;] 6 / fVg] u/ ] sf] kfOPsf] 5 . g] kfnsf %@ k|ltzt dlxnf;Fu : df6{ kmf] g 5, h;n] / ] l8of] ;'lGbg eg] sf 5g\, pgLx?n] cfkm";Fu / ] l8of] 5} g eg] sf 5g\ . ;do / ;Gbe{cg';f/ / ] l8of] sf >f] tf w] / yf] / x'g] u/ ] sf 5g\ . xfn ^) k|ltzt g] kfnLsf] 3/ df 6] lnlehg 5, pgLx?dWo] $) k|ltztsf 3/ df lgoldt l6eL x] l/ g] u/ ] sf] kfOof] . kqklqsf k9\g] g] kfnLsf] ;+Vofdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . b} lgs kqklqsf k9\g] hg;+Vof ^ k|ltztdfq} kfOof] . ;j] {If0fcg';f/ clxn] #% k|ltzt g] kfnLn] OG6/ g] 6 rnfpF5g\, h;dWo] ;a} n] km] ;a's d] ;] Gh/ rnfpF5g\ . tLdWo] sf %) k|ltztn] ;dfrf/ hGo s'/ f OG6/ g] 6af6} lng] u/ ] sf 5g\ . xfd|f / ] l8of] sfo{qmd Po/ kmf] g nfP/ ;'Gg] >f] tfsf nflu ls : kLs/ df / ] l8of] ;'Gg] sf nflu xf] eg] / 5'6\ofpg'kg] { cj: yf cfPsf] 5 . #% k|ltzt >f] tfn] d / ] l8of] d] / f] km';{bdf ;'G5' eGg'n] km';{bdf ;'Gg] u/ L / ] l8of] sf ;fdu|L pTkfbgtkm{ Wofg lbg l9nf eO;s] sf] 5 . / ] l8of] x?n] kf] 8sfi6 ;'? u/ ] >f] tfn] rfx] sf] sfo{qmd rfx] sf] a] nfdf ;'Gg ;S5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu s] Gb|Lo / ] l8of] k|lt: kwL{ xf] Ogg\, klqsf, l6eL klg k|lt: kwL{ xf] Ogg\, laxfg / ] l8of] sf k|lt: kwL{ 5} gg\, *) k|ltzt >f] tfn] ;dfrf/ laxfg / a] n'sfdfq} ;'g] sf] atfP . 5f] 6f] ;dod} yk >f] tf sdfpg ;lsG5 .

;'dg a: g] t M xfdLn] @))) jf6sfnfO{ klg / %)) jf6sfnfO{ klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] eg] sf 5f} + . kfFr lhNnf k/ sf] / ] l8of] af6 : yfgLotf eGg] x'Fb} g . >f] tfsf nflu ;fd'bflos / Jofkfl/ s / ] l8of] df s] km/ s eof] < s] Gb|Lo / : yfgLo / ] l8of] df s] km/ s eof] < eGg] k|Zg g} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf r'gf} tL x'g\ . ;xL cy{df ljZjn] dfg] sf] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] gLlt Nofpg] xf] eg] w] / } / ] l8of] cK7] / f] df k5{g\ . kqsfl/ tfsf] 3] / faf6 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ lgsfnf} +, o: tf ;Dd] ngdf / ] l8of] sf af/ ] df 5nkmn x'g] , ;d'bfosf] af/ ] df 5nkmn gx'g] cj: yf gxf] ;\ . g] kfndf

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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38

… of t Jofkfl/ s / ] l8of] aGg';\ of t csf] { k] zf ckgfpg';\Ú eGg] cj: yf cfpg ;S5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ;a} gLltx? ;~rf/ dGqfno;Fu ;DalGwt 5} gg\ . ;fdu|L Nofpg] s'/ f cnu, lk|mSjoG;Lsf] s'/ f cnu, dGqfno;Fu hf] l8Psf 5g\ . O08f] g] l;ofdf / ] l8of] sf] nfO;] G; lbFbf ef} uf] lns ;d'bfosf Go"gtd ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/ Psf] 5 . ;d'bfo / / ] l8of] aLrsf] b"/ L g} ;a} eGbf 7"nf] r'gf} tL xf] , xfd|f] jt{dfg cEof; klg r'gf} tL xf] .

;xhstf{ M bIf hgzlQm pTkfbgdf slQsf] r'gf} tL 5 <

dw' cfrfo{ M dfgj;|f] tsf] r'gf} tL 5 . ztk|ltzt ;do lbg] : 6] zg Dofg] h/ ePsf] / ] l8of] / fd|/ L rn] sf] 5 . … kf6{6fOdÚ : 6] zg Dofg] h/ ePsf] / ] l8of] sd rn] sf] , Ps} ;~rf/ sdL{n] l6eL, cgnfOg, / ] l8of] ;a} df sfd ubf{ ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . csf] { / ] l8of] sf] ;|f] t Joj: yfkg;DaGwL r'gf} tL 5, : yfgLo ;|f] t *) k|ltzt ePsf / ] l8of] ;lhn} rn] sf 5g\ . sf7df8f} +df lge{/ x'g] / ;|f] t vf] Hg] nfO{ ufx|f] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf hgzlQmn] ;dfrf/ df a9L ?lr b] vfPsf 5g\, … sG6] G6Ú pTkfbgdf ljz] if Wofg lbg'k5{ . klZrdf b] zx?df >f] tfn] syfdf a9L ?lr b] vfPsf 5g\ . / ] l8of] n] syf Nofpg] tkm{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . syf k: sg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5, To;nfO{ km';{bdf ;'Gg] >f] tfsf nflu kf] 8sfi6df hfg ;lsG5, To;nfO{ df] afOnn] ;xof] u u5{ .

km\nf] /

s[i0fxl/ l3ld/ ] , / ] l8of] l;Gw'nLu9L M lxhf] lx+8] / ;d'bfodf k'luof] , ;d'bfosf] hLjgofkgsf] ;xhLs/ 0fsf nflu sfd ul/ of] , cfh Tof] b'Mv ul/ / x] sf 5} gf} + . ;d'bfonfO{ rflxPsf] ;"rgf vf] lh/ x] sf 5} gf} + . >f] tfnfO{ ;'Gg ;a} eGbf ;: tf] eP klg ;~rfngsf nflu / ] l8of] dxFuf] 5 . s] Gb|af6} sfo{qmdsf] cfzf, ck] Iff ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df … Go"gtd kfl/ >ldsÚ nfUof] eg] rNg} ;lsFb} g .

/ ] l8of] ;fyL, 1fg]Gb| lg/f}nf M km] ;a's nfOedf hfg xfd|f : 6'l8of] tof/ 5g\ t < xfdL OG6/ g] 6df gkfpg] s'/ f vf] lh/ x] sf 5f} + ls 5} gf} + <

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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/ fh] z cof{n, / ] l8of] dbgkf] v/ f kfNkfM / ] l8of] n] k: sg] : jfb e'Q] ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] pTkfbg ug] { cj;/ kfPgf} +, / fli6«o g] 6js{ ;'Gg] afgL kl/ ;Sof] .

;f} hGo ;Tofn, / fd] 5fk M / fd|f sfo{qmd pTkfbg x'g} 5f] 8\of] . / fd|f kqsf/ pTkfbg x'g 5f] 8] sfn] hLjg, ;dfh / fi6«sf] ljZn] if0f ug{ ;Sg] kqsf/ pTkfbg x'g ;s] gg\ . csf] / fan] jflif{s gLlt agfP/ sDtLdf Ps lhNnfdf !) hgf kqsf/ pTkfbg ug'{k¥of] .

ls/ 0f yfkf, cfkm\gf] PkmPd 88] Nw'/ fM / ] l8of] sdL{n] hLljsf] kfh{g ug{ cfly{s kIf alnof] x'g'k¥of] . / ] l8of] df l6ls/ xg ;a} ;fyLx?nfO{ ufx|f] 5 . … jf6Ú cg';f/ sf] lj1fkgsf] s'/ f cfpg] u5{, sd jf6 ePsf / ] l8of] nfO{ df/ k/ ] sf] ljifonfO{ gLltn] ;lhnf] agfOlbP x'g] lyof] .

ci6dfg ls;L dxh{g, / ] l8of] kof{j/ 0f rq M g] kfnsf $) k|ltzt / ] l8of] b] vf;] lvdf vf] lnPsf 5g\, tL / ] l8of] aGb x'G5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] pTkfb ug] { ;fdu|Ln] ;dfhsf] dg lhTg ;Sg'k5{ . hgtfsf] 3/ b} nf] df hfg ;lsPg . : jfldTjsf sf/ 0f ljjfbdf / x] sf / ] l8of] klg aGb x'G5g\ . klxn] h: tf] u/ L b'Mv u/ ] / ;~rfng ug'{k/ ] () k|ltzt / ] l8of] aGb x'g] cj: yf 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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;lsn cxdb SjfbL{, / ] l8of] ?a? PkmPd, g] kfnu~hM b] zdf d'l: nd ;d'bfon] ;~rfng u/ ] sf] Psdfq / ] l8of] xf] ?a? . / ] l8of] n] &% k|ltzt sfo{qmd pb"{efiffdf pTkfbg ul/ / x] sf] 5 . klxn] xfd|f] sfo{qmdnfO{ ehg elgof] . xfdL ;a} ljifodf sfo{qmd ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . o: tf / ] l8of] nfO{ klg ;xof] usf] ck] Iff 5 .

aRr'gf/ fo0f >] i7, ;f] n' PkmPdM / ] l8of] ;~rfngsf nflu rflxg] kfFr s'/ f 5g\, : jtGtqtf, lgikIftf, ;|f] t Joj: yfkg, ;[hgzLntf / ;xeflutf .oL ;a} kIf x] l/ g'k5{ . hgtf;Fu} a;] / agfpg'kg] { sfo{qmddf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfUg'k5{ . csf] / fan] cfufdL gLltdf oL s'/ f ;dfj] z u/ f] ;\ .

aGbgf bg'jf/ , ;lrj, csf] / faM ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df sfd ug] {nfO{ kqsf/ eg] gg\ eg] / s] xL jif{cl3 kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] ;b: otf lnOof] . >dhLjL P] gsf] s'/ f cfPkl5 of] ljifonfO{ s;/ L x] g{] eGg] k|Zg cfPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ kqsfl/ tfsf] dfq} ynf] agfOg' x'Gg eGg] ;'dg a: g] tsf] s'/ fnfO{ dfGg ;Sg] ls g;Sg] t < o;df ax; u/ f} +, ;femf wf/ 0ff agfcf} + .

;xhstf{ M km\nf] / af6 cfPsf k|Zgx?nfO{ ;d] t ;Daf] wg ub} { .

a: g] t M / ] l8of] df lel8of] klg k|;f/ 0f ug{ ;lsG5 . hfkfgdf b'O{ bzscl3 b] lv … / ] l8of] –lel8of] Ú rn] sf] 5 . >f] tf;Fu dfWod 5 eg]

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 hfg ;lsG5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df >f] tfsf] kIfaf6 x] l/ g'k5{ . clxn] / ] l8of] l8lh6n x'g'k5{ eGg] ts{ klg 5 t/ g] kfn clxn] tof/ eO;] sf] 5} g . / ] l8of] nfO{ ;/ n agfcf} +, sfo{qmd pTkfbgnfO{ ;/ n agfcf} + . oxL lsl;dn] / ] l8of] cl3 a9fpg] xf] eg] xnf] hf] Tg] , cf/ fgdf sfd ug] {n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] af6 sfo{qmd pTkfbg ug{ g;Sg] cj: yf eO;Sof] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] kqsf/ sf] dfq} ynf] xf] ls xf] Og, ax; u/ f} + . c;n / ] l8of] sdL{ / c;n ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{ km/ s s'/ f x'g\ . … ;a} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] : jtGq / ] l8of] x'g'k5{, ;a} : jtGq / ] l8of] ;fd'bflos xf] Ogg\ .Ú ;a} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] d'gfkmf gsdfpg] x'g'k5{ t/ d'gfkmf gsdfpg] ;a} / ] l8of] klg ;fd'bflos xf] Ogg\ . ;a} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] : yfgLo x'g} k5{ t/ ;a} : yfgLo / ] l8of] x? ;fd'bflos xf] Ogg\ .Ú xfdLn] vf] h] sf] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] s] xf] , o;sf] pQ/ vf] hf} +, ax; u/ f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df z'4Ls/ 0fsf] cleofg ;~rfng u/ f} + .

cfrfo{ M ;d'bfonfO{ rflxPsf] s'/ f ;d'bfod} ;f] w] / yfxf kfOG5 . x/ ] s k|Zgsf pQ/ ;d'bfod} 5g\ . / ] l8of] sf] cfDbfgLn] hlt ;do ahfpg ;lsG5 Toltdfq} ahfpg'k5{ . laxfg # 306f clwstd >f] tf 5g\ eg] laxfgdfq} ahfpFbf x'G5 . / ] l8of] sf >f] tf 36] sf 5} gg\, ;'Gg] tf} / tl/ sf km/ s eof] . ;fdflhs ;~hfn km] ;a'ssf] k|fyldstfdf cl8of] 5} g . lel8of] df : 6'l8of] sf] Aofg/ / fv] / cl8of] / fVg ;lsG5 . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ ;Fu sfd ubf{ klg xf] ; ug'{k5{ . : yfgLo txaf6 k} ;f lnPkl5 ;Demf} tf ubf{ sfo{qmdsf] ;doafx] s … tkfO{sf] / fd|f] –g/ fd|f] eGg] clwsf/ 5Ú eg] / lgMzt{ lng'k5{ .

cof{n M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rfng ul/ / x] sf s] xL ;+: yf cfly{s ?kn] lgs} alnof] 5g\, s] xL lgs} sdhf] / 5g\ . klxn] / ] l8of] nfO{ lhNnf;Fu hf] 8] / x] l/ of] . ca kflnsf;Fu hf] 8] / l;Ugn Doflkª u/ f} + . klxn] cfkm\gf] / ] l8of] sf] l;Ugn Doflkª u/ f} + . xfdLleq OdfGbf/ Ltfsf] vfFrf] 5, / ] l8of] sdL{ OdfGbf/ x'g'k5{ .

b] jsf] 6f M csf] / fasf] g] t[Tj txdf a;] / ;'Gbf tkfO{x?n] p7fPsf ljifon] xfdLnfO{ v';L lbPsf] 5, xfdLn] vf] h] sf ljifo log} x'g\ . ;xeflutf, lh1f;f . ;'emfjsf nflu wGojfb . o: tf ax; lg/ Gt/ rnfpg'k5{ .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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csf] / fanfO{ ;|f] t vf] Hg] , ;|f] t afF8\g] bftfsf ?kdf a'lemg' x'Fb} g . csf] / fan] / ] l8of] nfO{ cK7] / f] k/ ] sf] a] nfdf gLltut k} / jLsf] kf6f] df sfd ug] { xf] . csf] / facGtu{t rn] sf] … ;fd'bflos ;"rgf g] 6js{Ú ;LcfO{PgnfO{ : jtGq ?kn] sfd ug] { cg'dlt ;fwf/ 0f;efn] lbO;s] sf] 5 . ;LcfO{Pg sf7df8f} +sf sG6] G6 ;d'bfodf / ;d'bfosf s'/ f sf7df8f} +df cfbfgk|bfg ug] { dfWodsf ?kdf : yflkt 5 .

cfkm} +n] ;dfrf/ pTkfbg ug] { / ] l8of] nfO{ csf] / fan] klxnf] k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf] 5 . hxfF >dhLjL kqsf/ x'G5, ToxfF Go"gtd kfl/ >ldssf] s'/ f cfpF5 . kqsfl/ tf k9] / cfPsf dfq} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df af] Ng] eGg] xf] Og . : jod\;] jL efjgfn] cfkm"leq ePsf] 1fg;Lk ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] dfkm{t afF8\g'k5{ eGg] s'/ fdf xfdL ljZjf; u5f{} + . xfdL : jod\;] jL kqsf/ pTkfbgdf nfu] sf 5f} + . ;d'bfo s] lGb|t sfo{qmd pTkfbg ul/ of] eg] afFRg] cfwf/ w] / } 5g\ . s] Gb|d'vLdfq} x'g] / ] l8of] bL3{hLjL x'Fb} g, : yfgLo ;|f] tdf lge{/ x'g;s] / ] l8of] x?sf] ;Defjgf hLljt} 5 . : yfgLo / ] l8of] n] : yfgLo ;|f] t vf] Hg'k5{ . csf] / fa, b] ze/ sf / ] l8of] x?nfO{ ToxL af6f] tkm{ 8f] ¥ofpg] k|of;df 5 .

lgisif{

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu k|ljlw, : yfgLo ;/ sf/ x?sf] cfkm} +n] / ] l8of] vf] Ng] tof/ L, gLlt gx'g'nufotsf r'gf} tL 5g\ . / ] l8of] n] cfkm"nfO{ l6sfpg] lbuf] ;|f] t km] nf kfg{ g;Sg', bIf hgzlQm l6sfO/ xg g;Sg' h: tf cK7] / f 5g\ . se/ ] hsf lx;fan] b"/ b/ fh;Dd k'Ug] , e"uf] n, efiff, ;+: s[lt ;a} lx;fan] ;d'bfosf nflu ;xL ;~rf/ dfWod ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] s] Gb|df ;|f] t vf] Hg] eGbf klg : yfgLo ;|f] tdf a9L s] lGb|t x'g'k5{ . cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;|f] tn] hlt ;do / ] l8of] ahfpg ;lsG5, Toltdfq} k|;f/ 0f u/ f} + . csf] / fa ;|f] t afF8\g] lgsfo geO{ gLltut cK7] / f] df k} / aL ug] { ;xof] uL xf] .

csf] / fan] ;~rfng u/ ] sf] ;LcfO{PgnfO{ cfkm\gf] 7fgf} + . cfkm\gf s'/ f k7fcf} + . bIf hgzlQm pTkfbgsf nflu / ] l8of] n] ] klg cfGtl/ s ?kdf kxn u/ f} + . / ] l8of] df aHg] sfo{qmd ;/ n agfcf} + . / ] l8of] df af] Ng] ;a} n]

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/ ] l8of]

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/ ] l8of] sf] Jofs/ 0f ;a} a'em] sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] xf] Og, 1fg;Lk afF8\g] ;/ n tl/ sf vf] hf} + . ;d'bfodf hfcf} +, : yfgLo txdf hfcf} +, jf6sf cfwf/ df / ] l8of] / ] l8of] aLr / x] sf] lje] b\ cGtsf nflu : ki6 gLlt cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu ;femf wf/ 0ff agfP/ cl3 a9f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df : jod\;] jL efjgfn] ;d'bfod} ePsf dflg;n] cfkm";Fu ePsf] 1fg;Lk wf/ 0ff afF8\g] xf] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ kqsf/ sf] dfq geO{ ;d'bfosf ;a} gful/ ssf] ;femf ynf] sf ?kdf a'em\g h?/ L 5 . / ] l8of] sf ;fdu|L km';{bdf ;'Gg] Joj: yfdf nfUg'k5{ . >f] tfn] ljljwtf vf] h] sf] ljifonfO{ / ] l8of] n] a] n} df a'em\g ;Sg'k5{ .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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ljifout dGtJo %

s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] cj: yf, cfufdL of] hgf / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fusf] ;fem] bf/ L

s0ff{nL k|b] zsf cfly{s dfldnf tyf of] hgfdGqL M k|sfz Hjfnf

s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] ;'v] {tdf sfo{qmd cfof] hgf ug'{ePsf] df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . r'gf} tL g} r'gf} tLsf] hlGh/ n] 3] l/ Psf] k|b] z s0ff{nLdf b] z/ e/ sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{ cfpg'ePsf] 5 . tkfO{sf] s0ff{nLsf] a'emfO{, ef] ufO{ / flvlbg'xf] nf . s0ff{nLsf syfJoyf w] / } 5g\ . s0ff{nL ef] sf] k|b] z xf] , oxfFsf s'g} klg ;"rs, s'g} klg tYof+s xfd|f] kIfdf 5} g . ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ af6 x'g] ;xof] u klg sdhf] / 5 . ;"rs tn ePcg';f/ / fHon] k|fyldstf lbg'kg] { xf] . s0ff{nLsf] cj: yfsf] s'/ f ubf{ cfly{s ?kdf ljkGg, ef} uf] lns ?kdf ljs6 / ;fdflhs ?kdf cg] sf} + s"/ Lltx?n] 3] l/ / x] sf] 5 . tdfd ;d: of;Fu h'Wg'kg] { 5 . oxfFsf] sf?l0fs lrqdfq eGg vf] h] sf] x'F . s0ff{nLsf] pHofnf] kf6f] klg 5 . s0ff{nLdf ax'd'vL ;Defjgf 5 . hn;|f] tdf ;a} eGbf wgL k|b] z s0ff{nL xf] . ;a} eGbf w] / } tfn klg oxL+ 5g\, kfgLsf] ax'pkof] usf] ;Defjgf 5 . s0ff{nLsf] ue{df ax'd"No vlgh 5g\ .

b} n] vdf Uof; 5, o'/ f] lgod;Dd s0ff{nLdf 5 . ;txdf hl8a'6L 5 . s0ff{nLnfO{ hl8a'6Lsf] / fhwfgLeGbf klg x'G5 . hl8a'6Lsf] jf: tljs ahf/ vf] Hg ;s] To;n] lgs} ;xof] u u5{ . lxhf] vfg] s'/ fdf s0ff{nL cfTdlge{/ lyof] . cUof{lgs pTkfbgdf ;a} eGbf 7"nf] ;Defjgf s0ff{nLd} 5 . oL ckf/ ;Defjgfsf nflu / ljsf;, ko{6g, Jofkf/ ;a} sf nflu ;8s g} klxnf] ePsfn] s0ff{nL k|b] zdf af6f] k|fyldsLs/ 0fsf] klxnf] gDa/ df / flvPsf] 5 . b] zs} 7"nf] / ;'Gb/ tfn d'u'sf] / f/ f / x] sf] : yfg;Dd k'Ug] af6f] sf] : t/ Ls/ 0f ug{ nfluk/ ] sf 5f} + . s0ff{nLsf] ko{6gsf nflu / f/ f tfn, lxN;f, dfg;/ f] j/ , h'DnfnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / flvPsf] 5 .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax;

45

oxfFsf] k|fs[lts ;|f] t ;fwgnfO{ k|of] u u/ ] s0ff{nL ;a} eGbf wgL x'g] 5, cGo k|b] zn] 8fx x} g, ;xof] u ug'{xf] nf . Pp6f k|b] z ljsl;t gx'Fbf s;/ L xfdLn] / fli6«o nIo k|fKt ug{ ;S5f} + / < k|b] z / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ alnof] agfPkl5 dfq} ;+3Lotfsf] dd{ sfof{Gjog x'G5 . ;a} eGbf a9L ;+3Lotf rflxPsf] s0ff{nLnfO{ xf] . ca sfd ug] { a] nf cfPsf] 5, cem} ;|f] t s] Gb|d} / x] sfn] rfx] h;/ L sfd ug{ ;lsPsf] 5} g . xfd|f] klxnf] k|fyldstf sg] G6Lle6L / On] S6«Ll;6L xf] .

;/ sf/ / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fusf] ;fem] bf/ L M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;xh kx'Frdf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] xfd|f] ;fyL xf] , cfwf/ e"t ju{sf hgtfsf] ;lhnf] ;~rf/ dfWod xf] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / fHosf] k|fyldstfdf kg'{k5{, s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] k|fyldstfdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] 5 . gLlt lgdf{0fsf s'/ fdf nfUg'k5{, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu gLlt agfpg] s'/ fdf nfuf} + . gLlt agfcf} +, sfg'g agfcf} +, sfo{qmd agfcf} +, ah] 6 agfcf} +, oL s'/ fdf ;sf/ fTds x: tIf] k u/ f} + . gLlt agfpFbf ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu 5nkmn u/ ] / dfq} 6'+uf] nufpF5f} + . s0ff{nLdf cfd;~rf/ k|lti7fg lgdf{0f u/ L ;/ sf/ / ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ hf] 8\g] k|of; ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . x/ ] s If] qsf] ;~rf/ ;DaGwL sfd Ps} 7fpFaf6 x'g] u/ L gLlt / sfo{ljlw agfpFb} 5f} + . s0ff{nLdf afnljjfxsf] bL3{/ f] u 5, 5fpk8L 5 . o: tf ;fdflhs ljs[lt cGTosf

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

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46

nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;xhLs/ 0f ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . clgoldttf / f] Sg] sfddf / ] l8of] ;Fu ;fem] bf/ Ldf hfg ;lsG5 . ;xsfo{sf] df] 8] n tof/ ug'{xf] ;\, xfdL ;xsfo{ ug{ tof/ 5f} + . ;/ sf/ nfO{ klg ;xof] u x'g] , ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ klg ;xof] u k'Ug] sfo{qmd tof/ u/ f} + . d ;xsfo{sf] k|lta4tfsf nflu oxfF cfPsf] x'F . a] lyltlj?4 ldn] / sfd u/ f} + . / ] l8of] , kqsf/ , k|b] z ;a} sf] lxt x'g] sfd ug] { k|lta4tf hgfpg rfxG5' .

ljifout k|: t'lt ^

�n ljifo M lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] : yfgLos/ 0f

�n k|: t'tstf{ M ofdgfy zdf{ M ;xfos / fli6«o lgb] {zs, o'Pg8LkL g] kfn

;Dd] ngdf ljifout k|: t'ltcGtu{t … lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] : yfgLos/ 0fÚ sf ljifodf o'Pg8LkL g] kfnsf ;xfos / fli6«o lgb] {zs ofdgfy zdf{n] k|: t'tLs/ 0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|: t'tLs/ 0fkl5 ;xefuLaLr 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . zdf{sf] k|: t'lt !& j6f lbuf] ljsf; nIoaf6 ;'? ePsf] lyof] .pxfFn] ;a} nIoaf/ ] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/ L u/ fpFb} tLgsf] : yfgLos/ 0faf/ ] lj: t[tdf atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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47

;g\ @)!^ b] lv @)#) sf nflu to ul/ Psf lbuf] ljsf; nIox?M

!= x/ ] s If] qdf / x] sf] ;a} : j?kx?sf] ul/ aLsf] cGTo ug] {

@= ef] sd/ L cGTo ug] {, vfB ;'/ Iff / pGgt kf] if0f k|fKt ug] { / lbuf] s[lifsf] k|j4{g ug] {

#= ;a} pd] / ;d"xsf JolQmsf nflu : j: y hLjgsf] ;'lglZrttf ub} { ;d[4 hLjg: t/ k|j4{g ug] {

$= ;dfj] zL tyf Gofof] lrt / u'0ffTds lzIff ;'lglZrt ub} { ;a} sf nflu hLjgko{Gt l;sfOsf cj;/ x? k|j4{g ug] {

%= n} lª\us ;dfgtf xfl;n ug] { / ;a} dlxnf, lszf] / L / aflnsfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg]

^= ;a} sf lglDt vfg] kfgL / ;/ ;kmfOsf] pknAwtfsf ;fy} o;sf] lbuf] Joj: yfkg ;'lglZrt ug] {

&= wfGg÷a] xf] g{ ;lsg] , e/ kbf] {, lbuf] / cfw'lgs pmhf{df ;a} sf] kxF'r ;'lglZrt ug] {

*= l: y/ , ;dfj] zL / lbuf] cfly{s j[l4, k"0f{ tyf pTkfbgzLn / f] huf/ L / dof{lbt sfdnfO{ k|j4{g ug] {

(= pTyfgzLn k"jf{wf/ x? lgdf{0f ug] {, ;dfj] zL tyf lbuf] cf} Bf] uLs/ 0fsf] k|j4{g ug] { / gjk|jt{gnfO{ k|] l/ t ug] {

!)= b] zleq tyf b] zx?aLrsf] c;dfgtf x6fpg]

!!= ;x/ x? / dfgj a: tLx?nfO{ ;dfj] zL, ;'/ lIft, pTyfgzLn / lbuf] agfpg]

!@= lbuf] pkef] u / pTkfbg 9fFrfx? ;'lglZrt ug] {

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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48

!#= hnjfo' kl/ jt{g / o;sf] k|efjx?;Fu h'e\mg tNsfn sfo{ cl3 a9fpg]

!$= lbuf] ljsf;sf lglDt dxf;fu/ , ;d'b| / ;fd'lb|s ;|f] tx? ;+/ If0f ug] { / lbuf] ?kdf k|of] u ug] {

!%= k[YjLsf] e"kl/ lw: t/ Lo kfl/ l: yltsLo k|0ffnLx?sf] lbuf] pkof] u, / Iff / k'g: yf{kg ug] {, jgsf] lbuf] ?kdf Joj: yfkg ug] {, d?e"dLs/ 0flj?4 n8\g] / hldgsf] IfoLs/ 0f / f] Sg'sf ;fy} o;nfO{ pN6\ofpg] ;fy} h} ljs ljljwtfsf] x|f;nfO{ / f] Sg]

!^= lbuf] ljsf;sf] lglDt zflGtk"0f{ / ;dfj] zL ;dfhx?sf] k|j4{g ug] {, Gofodf ;a} sf] kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug] { / ;a} txx?df k|efjsf/ L, hjfkmb] xL / ;dfj] zL ;+: yfx?sf] : yfkgf ug] {

!&= lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu sfof{Gjogsf pkfo÷;fwgx?nfO{ ;'b[9 ug] { / cGt/ f{li6«o ;fem] bf/ LnfO{ k'gM hLjGt t'Nofpg]

ofdgfy zdf{M !& j6f lbuf] ljsf; nIokl5 lbuf] ljsf; nIo cyf{t\ lbljnx?sf] : yfgLos/ 0f s] xf] < eGg] af/ ] df a'em\g h?/ L 5 . lbljnx?sf] : yfgLos/ 0fcGtu{t ;d'bfo;Dd k'Ug] dfWod, : yfgLo : t/ df lbljnnfO{ kl/ eflift ug] {, cjnDag ug] {, sfof{Gjog ug] { tyf cg'udg ug] { sfd k5{g\ . lbljnx? xfl;n ug] { ;Gbe{df : yfgLo j: t'l: yltnfO{ s] Gb|df / fVg] sfd k5{ . lbuf] ljsf; nIo -lbljn_ sf] : yfgLos/ 0fsf] cfjZostfaf/ ] s] xL rrf{ u/ f} +, x/ ] s s'/ f : yfgLo e"uf] ndf 3l6t x'g] , lbljnsf nflu x'g] 7"nf] nufgL : yfgLo : t/ df x'g] , : yfgLo cfjZostf / k|fyldstfnfO{ lbljn;Fu hf] 8\g, / fli6«o k|lta4tf k"/ f ug{, PsLs[t, ax'txsf] , ax';/ f] sf/ jfnf ;xeflutfsf] jsfnt ul/ Psf] xf] . : yfgLos/ 0fsf kIfx?df hgr] tgf, k} / jL, ;~hfnLs/ 0f, gLlt, of] hgf, ah] 6, th'{df, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg cfjZos 5g\ . lbljnx?sf] : yfgLos/ 0fdf g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] k|fyldstf, ;+3Lotf / clwsf/ tyf ;|f] tsf] lgIf] k0f / : yfgLos/ 0fsf] ;do, k|b] z / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] k|lta4tf / ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3sf] k|fyldstf / x] sf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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k|: t'ltkl5sf] 5nkmn

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{x?n] ul/ Psf sfdnfO{ lbljn;Fu hf] 8] / x] g{, bfFHg, ghflgPsf] , g;lsPsf] : jLsf/ u/ ] sf lyP . / ] l8of] sdL{n] : yfgLo / k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf] sfdnfO{ lbljnd} qL agfpg ;xhLs/ 0f ug] { k|lta4tf hgfpFb} ljifolj1tf / tf} / tl/ sfdf ;xof] usf] ck] Iff u/ ] sf lyP . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] u/ ] sf sfdnfO{ lbljnd} qL eP÷gePsf] , cfkm"x? lbljnd} qL eP÷gePsf] t'ngf ug{ cem} w] / } s'/ f l;Sg afFsL / x] sf] / ] l8of] sdL{x?sf] egfO lyof] . ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ wGojfb lbFb} k|: t'lt ;lsPsf] lyof] . k|: t'lt / 5nkmnsf nflu csf] / fasf sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs afns[i0f kf] v/ ] nn] ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

ax; &

�n ljifo M dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;xeflutf, kx'Fr

�n ;xhstf{ M ch'{g / fO{, pkfWoIf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

�n jQmfx? M ;+ljwfg;ef ;b: o Pj+ kmftLdf kmfp8] ;gsL ;+: yfks df] xDdb l;l4sL,

�n dLgf u'?ª M / ] l8of] d: of{ª\bL

�n cldsf / fhynf M cWoIf, 8An"8An"h]

�n / ] d ljZjsdf{ M ;lrj, g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3

dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;xeflutf, kx'Fr ljifos ax;sf] ;xhLs/ 0f csf] / fasf pkfWoIf ch'{g / fO{n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . of] ljifosf jQmfx?df ;+ljwfg;ef ;b: o Pj+ kmftLdf kmfp8] ;gsL ;+: yfks df] xDdb l;l4sL, / ] l8of] d: of{ª\bLsL dLgf u'?ª, o'g] : sf] sf nflu n} +lus k/ fdz{bftf;d] t / xg'ePsL 8An"8An"h] sL cWoIf cldsf / fhynf, g] kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf ;lrj / ] d ljZjsdf{ / xg'ePsf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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50

df] xDdb l;l4sLM dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;xeflutf, kx'Frsf ljifodf af] Ng] cj;/ sf nflu wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . nf] stGqsf] Pp6f cª\u / ] l8of] xf] . nf] stGqsf] dd{ dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfonfO{ s;/ L d"nwf/ df Nofpg] eGg] xf] . d dlxnfsf ;fy;fy} d'l: nd ;d'bfosf] klg k|ltlglwTj ul/ / x] sf] 5' . dnfO{ : yflkt ug{ ;~rf/ dfWodn] g} ;xof] u u/ ] sf] 5 . ;~rf/ dfWodn] cfjfhljxLgx?sf] cfjfh NofP/ tL cfjfhnfO{ s'gf sfKrfdf k'¥ofpg] sfd u/ ] sf] 5 . klxn] ;d'bfon] g} d'l: nd ;'dbfosf dlxnfnfO{ s] xL sfd ug{ glbg] cj: yf lyof] . Tof] a] nf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] dfkm{t g} xfdLn] d'l: nd dlxnfnfO{ : yflkt ug] { sfd u¥of} + . ;~rf/ n] d'l: nd ;d'bfosf dlxnfn] s] rfx] sf 5g\ eg] / k|fyldstf lbPsfn] dnufot ;d'bfosf dlxnf cl3 a9\g ;Sof} + .

kmftLdf kmfp08] ;gdfkm{t y'k|} vt/ f df] n] / klg kl5 k/ ] sf] / kfl/ Psfx?sf nflu sfd ul/ of] . ;sf/ fTds cfjfh p7fOlbg] sfd / ] l8of] ;~rf/ sdL{n] ul/ lbPsf] df cfef/ L 5' .

dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf nflu / ] l8of] af6 #) k|ltzt ;do lbg'eof] eg] pgLx?sf] ;'wf/ fTds hLjg: t/ df yk 6] jf k'Ug] 5 . / ] l8of] x?sf] csf] { e"ldsf ;b\efj a9fpg' klg xf] / a9fO/ x] sf

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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klg 5g\ . l5d] sL b] zx?sf] t'ngfdf g] kfndf ;b\efj a9fpg] sfd / ] l8of] x?n] a9L u/ ] sf 5g\ . dlxnfn] s] xL ug'{ x'Fb} g, a'sf{df a: g'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf] unt dfGotf lrg{ xfdLn] / ] l8of] s} ;xof] u lnof} + . d} n] g] kfndf PSn} lx+8\g slxNo} c;'/ lIft 7fGg' k/ ] g . l5d] sL ef/ tdf To: tf] cj: yf 5} g . ;'/ lIft jftfj/ 0f agfpg g] kfnsf ;~rf/ dfWodn] e"ldsf v] ln/ x] sf 5g\ .

cldsf / fhynf M d @# jif{b] lv kqsfl/ tfdf 5' . d} n] ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] lxtsf nflu nuftf/ sfd ul/ / x] sL 5' . ;~rf/ dfWodn] ;f] Rg] tl/ sf klg cfd;fdflhs ;f] r klg lkt[;QfTds g} 5 . ! ;o @# dft[efiff af] lng] g] kfndf ̂ ) eGbf a9L efiffdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;fdu|L k|;f/ 0f ug'{ uf} / jsf] s'/ f xf] . dfl6{g rf} tf/ Ldfkm{t j;Gt dxh{gn] ug'{ePsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 kqklqsfn] dfq} ;xL ;"rgf k|;f/ 0f ug{ ;Qm} gg\ eGg] tYo aflx/ cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] … UofkÚ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] k"lt{ u/ ] sf 5g\ . / ] l8of] df gLltut ?kdf n} +lusnufot cGo gLltsf] cefj, kof{Kt tflndsf] cefj 5 . ;+: s[lt, l/ ltl: yltsf s'/ f kqklqsfsf] t'ngfdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] w] / } ug{ ;S5g\ . / ] l8of] sf] ;'?cft ePkl5 … g] kfn efiffÚ sf] … hf] hf] nf] kfÚ zAb rlr{t ePsf] xf] . / ] l8of] n] uLt ahfpg ;'? u/ ] kl5 of] d/ L k"l0f{dfdf ufOg] uLtsf] dxTj a9] sf] 5 . v; efiffdf aHg] / ] l8of] sfo{qmdn] h'Dnfdf rrf{ kfPsf] 5 . oL ;a} s'/ fn] ;fd''bflos / ] l8of] n] ;d'bfodf ckgTj a9fPsf] k|i6 5 .

/ ] d ljZjsdf{ M g] kfnsf ;Gbe{df rl/ q, : jefj, ;+: sf/ s] 5 eg] / xfdL ;a} nfO{ w] / } s'/ f yfxf 5 . g] kfnL ;dfhsf ;a} vfn] e"uf] n x] l/ of] eg] , s0ff{nLb] lv sf7df8f} +;Ddsf dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] cj: yf p: t} 5 . ;d'bfosf] ljifo, ckgTj, ;xeflutfsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] rflxPsf] xf] . xfdLeGbf Pp6f eG5f} +, ubf{ csf] { u5f} { . ;sf/ fTds ;f] rn] dfq} k'u] g, sfd ;sf/ fTd x'g ;s] g . xfdLn] eg] sf w] / } 5f} +, u/ ] sf sd 5f} +, d'2fdf ;a} ;sf/ fTds 5f} + t/ sfddf 5} gf} + . ;fdflhs c;dfgtfx? cem al9/ x] sf] 5 . ;dfhnfO{ k"/ } abNg] s'/ f ug'{k5{ s0ff{nLsf] ljsf;sf s'/ f ubf{ ToxfFsf blnt, hghflt, k5fl8 kfl/ Psf] ju{sf ;fy;fy} ToxfFsf afx'gsf af/ ] df klg ;f] lrg'k5{ . xfdL;Fu / fd|f] gLlt x'g'k5{, xfdLn] p7fpg] ljifoj: t' s] s] x'G5g\ eg] /

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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/ ] l8of] n] g} tof/ L ug'{k5{ . xfdL ;d'bfodf : yflkt / ] l8of] n] ;d'bfon] eg] cg';f/ ;d'bfosf nflu sfd ug'{k¥of] . csf] / fan] of] Uotf, bIftf ePsf ;~rf/ sdL{ pTkfbg ug'{k5{ . x/ ] s ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df sfo{/ t hgzlQmn] … / ] l8of] nfO{ ;fFRr} d] / f] ;d'bfosf] agfpF5', ;'Gg nfos agfpF5'Ú eg] / ;f] Rg'k5{ .

;xhstf{ M ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df dlxnfsf] cj: yf s: tf] 5, dlxnfd} qL agfpg s] ug'{knf <

dLgf u'?ª M g] kfndf kqsf/ dlxnfsf] ;+Vof j[l4df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsf 5 . ;a} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df s'g} s'g} 9+un] dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf / x] sf] 5 . 5fkf ;~rf/ dfWodx?df eGbf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9L 5 . / ] l8of] df $) b] lv $% k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] g] t[Tj txdf sl/ a @% k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\ . k'?if g] t[Tjdf ePsf] / ] l8of] df n} +lus lx+;f jf dlxnfnfO{ s'g} g s'g} lx;fan] x] lkPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . dlxnf g] t[Tjdf ePsf] / ] l8of] df To: tf lx+;f sd kfOPsf] 5 . dlxnfn] kfpg] ;"rgf / k'?ifn] kfpg] ;"rgfdf km/ s x'G5 . hlt k'?ifn] ;"rgf kfpF5g\, v6\5g\, dlxnfn] ljljw sf/ 0fn] ;Qm} gg\ . csf] / fan] klg af] 8{df w] / } dlxnf Nofpg kxn ug'{k5{ . ;g\ @)!! Dff ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ n] n} ++lus gLlt NofPsf] lyof] . t/ Tof] gLlt sfof{Gjog s: tf] eof] eGg] s'/ f oxfFsf] pkl: yltn] klg b] vfpF5 . dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf sd 5 . g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?df dlxnf pkfWoIf;Dd x'G5g\ t/ cWoIfdf cfpg sl7g 5 . xfdLn] agfPsf gLltcg';f/ sfd lsg ePg eg] / x] g{ cfjZos 5 . dlxnfnfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] sf] 6fdf dlxnfnfO{ g} Nofpg'k5{ .

km\nf] /

nfnaxfb'/ cf] nL, / ] l8of] afh'/ f M dlxnf k|ltlglwTjsf] s'/ f s] xL jif{otf lgs} rrf{df / x] sf] 5 . o;n] ;xeflutf klg a9fPsf] 5, ;b\efj / ;defjsf lx;fan] ;+j} wflgs c+usf k|d'v dlxnfn] d'l: nd ;d'bfosf sfo{qmddf lsg hfFb} gg\ xf] nf < dlxnfsf] s'/ f dlxnfn] g} ug'{kg] {,

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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53

blntsf s'/ f blntn] g} af] Ng'kg] {, hflt ju{ If] qsf] d'2f ltg} n] af] Ng'kg] { cj: yf 5 . pRr ju{sf dlxnfn] cfddlxnfsf] g] t[Tj u?Gh] n dlxnfsf] ljsf; x'Fb} g . ;fdflhs lje] b\sf d'2fdf xft] dfnf] ug{ lsg ufx|f] <

lg/ ~hg xf8f, / ] l8of] b] j3f6 M df] xDdb l;l4sLHo", cfkm\gf] ;d'bfon] k|ltaGw u/ ] sf] sfd ubf{ slQsf] b'Mv kfOof] <

ldng ufxf M ?kGb] xL, du/ sf] 5f] / fn] klg / ] l8of] df af] Ng ;S5 / < eGg] dfGotf xfd|} ;dfhdf 5 .

;'/ hk|;fb ;} +h', hg;~rf/ PkmPd, eQmk'/ M gLlt aGg'k5{, ag] sf] t/ ;d'bfon] To;af6 nfe lng ;s] sf] 5} g .

u'0f/ fh df] Qmfg, / ] l8of] / f] zL sfe|] M g] kfnLx?sf] ;jfn, Oltxf; ljb] zLn] n] lvlbP, blntsf] Oltxf; pkNnf] hfltn] n] lvlbP, s;n] af] Nof] , s;n] n] Vof] eGg] s'/ fn] cy{ / fV5, cfkm\gf] ;jfn cfkm} +n] / fVg'k5{ . ;xeflutfdfq} xf] Og ;+nUgtfsf] ;jfn dxTjk"0f{ 5 . dlxnfn] rnfPsf] / ] l8of] / k'?ifn] rnfPsf] / ] l8of] df lje] b\ / x] sf] 5 .

cd/ dNn, b} n] v M b"/ b/ fhdf / x] sf ;d'bfosf JolQmx? / ] l8of] df ;xefuL ePsf] kfOFb} g, pgLx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] s;/ L ;xefuL u/ fpg] <

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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;

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lbk' kf] v/ ] n, / ] l8of] d'lQm, ?kGb] xL M ;+ljwfgn] g} ## k|ltzt ;xeflutf eg] sf] 5, csf] / fadf k'Uof] ls k'u] g < g] t[Tj txdf dlxnf k'¥ofpg s] ug'{knf{ <

lbndfof zfxL, / ] l8of] gf/ L cfjfh, h'Dnf M dlxnfn] rnfPsf / ] l8of] nfO{ ;xof] u / ;zQmLs/ 0fsf nflu csf] / fan] s] ub} { < ;fdflhs ?kdf dlxnf–k'?ifaLr / x] sf] vf8nn] k/ ] sf] cK7] / f] 5 . s0ff{nLdf kqsf/ dlxnf s;/ L l6sfpg] eGg] k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 . / ] l8of] df dlxnf, 5 dlxgfeGbf a9L l6Sb} gg\ . s;/ L l6sfpg] <

aGbgf bg'jf/ , ;lrj, csf] / fa M dlxnfsf s'/ f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] p7fP klg kof{Kt 5} g . Joj: yfkg / sG6] G6df klg cfpg'k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ dlxnf÷n} lª\usd} qL agfpg'k5{ . ckm cfj/ df sfd ug{ g;lsg] ÷gkfOg] sf/ 0f dlxnfnfO{ ;|f] t lgdf{0fdf ;d: of k/ ] sf] 5 . dlxnfn] ckm cfj/ df sfd ul/ xfn] cfpg ;Sg] cfIf] kn] klg cK7] / f] 5 . kqsf/ dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9fpg, l6sfO/ fVg ljz] if Vofn ug'{k5{ .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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55

/ fs] z ld>, g] kfnuGh M dw] zL / d'l: nd ;d'bfosf dlxnfsf nflu tflnd, sfo{qmd eP klg l6Sg ;s] sf] kfOPg . efiffefifLsf sfo{qmddf cfjfh lbg] dflg; kfpg;d] t ufx|f] x'G5 . s;/ L ;+Vof / bIftf a9fpg ;lsPnf <

;xhstf{ M km\nf] / af6 p7] sf k|Zgsf pQ/ ;lxt ;d'bfon] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] af6 u/ ] sf ck] Iff .

df] xDdb l;l4sL M u0ftGq / wd{lg/ k] If b] zdf / fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqLn] ;a} sfo{qmddf guPsf] ljifo uDeL/ 5 . xfd|f sfo{qmddf klg / fi6«klt cfOlbP x'GYof] h: tf] nfU5, gcfOlbFbf b'Mv nfU5 . ;dfg b[li6sf] 0fn] x] g'{xf] ;\ eGg] cfu|x u/ ] sf 5f} + . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf qmddf d'l: ndnfO{ dw] zL agfOkl5 b'Mv ylkPsf] 5 . k9\bf jf sfd ubf{, vf;u/ L kmfltdf kmfp08] zg vf] n] kl5 y'k} | r'gf} tL cfP ;+of] un] dfl/ Og\, TolQ egf} + . Pp6L d'l: nd dlxnf ;lqmo x'Fbf wfld{s u'?x?n] gfd} lnP/ ufnL u/ ] sf lyP, kmt'jf nufpg k|of; u/ ] , y'k|} ts{ u/ ] / kmt'jfaf6 alrof] . kmt'jf eg] sf] ;fdflhs alx: sf/ xf] . a'jf klg k9] n] v] sf] x'g'x'GYof] , d] / f] a'jfn] lzIff xfl;n ug{ k7fpg'eof] , o'jf k': tfn] dnfO{ ;xof] u u¥of] .nf] stGqn] lbPsf] pknlAwn] d o;/ L lx+8\g af] Ng ;ls/ x] sf] 5' . o;df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;xof] u u/ ] sf] 5 .

cldsf / fhynf M s'g} klg ljifo s;} sf] k] jf eGg] x'Fb} g, 3fp h;nfO{ nfu] sf] x'G5, p;} n] dnd nufpg] k|of; u5{ . h;nfO{ kL8f k/ ] sf] x'G5, ToxL ju{ cl3 a9\g' g/ fd|f] xf] Og . ;'v] {t ;Dd] ngsf] lyd g} o;} ;Fu hf] l8Psf] df v';L nfu] sf] 5 . n+} lustf eg] sf] ;a} sf] ljifo xf] , n} +lutstf eGg] lalQs} dlxnf / k'?ifdfq} h: tf] b] lvG5, dlxnf k'?ifaLr g} ;dfgtf g/ x] sfn] dlxnfsf] a9L s'/ f cfPsf] xf] . dlxnf / cflbjf;L dlxnfdf km/ s s] 5 eg] / ;f] lwPsf] lyof] . dlxnf / cflbjf;L dlxnfn] ef] Ug] kL8f km/ s 5 . ef} uf] lns, hftLo, If] qLo lx;fan] km/ s–km/ s 7fpFsf dlxnfn] ef] Ug] ;d: of km/ s–km/ s 5g\ . dlxnfn] kfpg] ;'ljwf g} km/ s–km/ s 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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ut

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;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;d'bfosf ;jfn cl3 a9fpFbf / ] l8of] / kqsf/ klg cl3 a9\g] ;Defjgf x'G5 . dlxnfn] kqsfl/ tf ug{ ;a} 7fpFdf ufx|f] 5 . ;+Vof, bIftf a9fpg] , gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf k'Ug] ljifodf xfdL nflu/ x] sf 5f} + . kqsf/ dlxnfdf klg ;a} eGbf 7"nf] s'/ f t cfkm} +df k] zfk|ltsf] ;dk{0f x'g'k5{ . xfdL !@ jif{b] lv kqsfl/ tfdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9fpg] , bIftf a9fpg] / gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf k'¥ofpg] p2] Zodf sfd ul/ / x] sf 5f} +, ul/ / xG5f} + .

;xhstf{ M lje] b cGtsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] s] ug'{k5{ <

/ ] d ljZjsdf{ M blnt, hghflt, cflbjf;L kl5 kfl/ Psf] ju{nfO{ ;xfg'e"lt b] vfpg] / ljr/ f eGg] wf/ 0ff x6fpg'k5{ . s0ff{nL eGg] lalQs} ;a} ul/ a, ;a} ljr/ f eGg] xf] Og, oxfF ePsf] km/ skgnfO{ km/ s 9+un] x] l/ g'k5{ . dlxnf k|ltlglwTjdfq} 7"nf] x'g] xf] Og, xfdLn] ;a} k|0ffnLdf ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ . s] xL k|ltlglw b] vfpg' km/ s s'/ f xf] , cg'e"lt x'g'k5{ . g] t[Tj, ljrf/ , JolQmTj / ;Dk"0f{ kIfn] dxTj / fV5 . k|ltlglwTj s;sf] x'g] eGg] s'/ fn] dxTj / fV5, sfd s: tf] u5{, s;sf nflu u5{ eGg] s'/ f dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 .

;+;f/ e/ g] t[Tjdf cfpg] eg] sf] 6f7f af7fdfq} x'g\ . s0ff{nL / sf7df8f} +nfO{ ;dfg dfGg' / blnt / u} / blntnfO{ ;dfg dfGg' Ps} xf] . ;DkGgtf / lzIffn] dfq} lje] b\ cGTo ub} {g, cf/ If0f cfjZos 5 . hftLo 5'jf5"t x6fpg x/ ] s ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] k|lta4tf;lxt sfd ug'{k5{ .

dLgf u'?ª M xfdLn] cflbjf;L, dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf s'/ f u/ ] sf 5f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] s} sf/ 0f cflbjf;L dlxnfsf ljifo cl3 cfPsf x'g\ . csf] / fadf ePsf] / fd|f] gLltsf] / fd|f] sfof{Gjog x'g] ljZjf; 5 .

lgisif{

xfdL ;fd'bflos 5f} +, ;w} + ;fd'bflos eO/ fvf} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / 5ftf ;+u7gnfO{ bL3{hLjL agfpg nfluk/ f} + . ;fd'bfloskg af] s] sf] / ] l8of] n] kl5 k/ ] sf] ju{, If] q, dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, e"uf] nsf gful/ ssf]

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

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cfjfh af] Ng ;S5 . pgLx?nfO{ cl3 Nofpg ;S5 . ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf, ;~rfng, ckgTjsf nflu xfdL ;d'bfod} hfg'k5{, ;d'bfon] rfx] sf s'/ f ahfpg'k5{ .

/ ] l8of] df ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf cfjZos 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] dlxnf, hghflt, cflbjf;L, d'l: nd, dw] zL, kl5 k/ ] sf, kfl/ Psf ju{, If] q, ln+u, ;d'bfosf cfjfh NofP/ , pgLx?sf] kL8f, rfxgf, cfjZostfnfO{ phfu/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . gLlt, lgod aGg' / To;sf] sfof{Gjog x'g' km/ s–km/ s s'/ f x'g\ . dlxnf ;~rf/ sdL{sf] ;+Vof a9fpg csf] / fan] klg kxn ug'{k5{ . ;+Vof a9fpg] , bIftf a9fpg] / pgLx?nfO{ k] zfdf l6sfO/ fVg] s'/ f r'gf} tLk"0f{ eP klg lg/ Gt/ sf] k|of;n] ;Dej 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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;Dd] ngsf pknlAw / lgisif{

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cleofgn] b'O{ bzs kf/ ul/ ;s] sf] , gofF ;+ljwfgcg';f/ ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf] r/ 0fdf / x] sf] / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;dGjo u/ L / ] l8of] x?sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu sfd ug'{kg] { 68\sf/ f] cfjZostf dx;'; ul/ Psf] a] nf ;a} ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu ePsf] 5nkmn dxTjk"0f{ / Xof] . ;+3Lob] lv k|fb] lzs / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf lhDd] jf/ clwsf/ L, gful/ s ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw / / ] l8of] sdL{ Ps} ynf] df a;] / ul/ Psf] ;3g ax;n] ;d'bfosf] cfjfh af] Ng] , ;d'bfon] g] t[Tj u/ ] sf] , ;d'bfos} ;xeflutfdf ;~rfngdf / x] sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ kl/ lrt u/ fpg] / ;/ sf/ n] ug] { Jojxf/ af/ ] : ki6 x'g bafa ;[hgf u/ ] sf] 5 . s0ff{nL k|b] zdf b] ze/ sf / ] l8ofsdL{ hDdf eP/ ax; ug'{, / ] l8of] sdL{;Fu} ;fd'bflos ;+u7gsf JolQmTjx?aLr 5nkmn ax; x'g', ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu 5'§} gLltsf] cfjZostfaf/ ] ;fd"lxs cfjfh p7fg x'g' ;Dd] ngsf pknlAw x'g\ . ljifout ax;x?df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fusf] ;xsfo{sf nflu ;+3Lo, k|fb] lzs / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ Pj+ gful/ s ;+u7gx?n] k|lta4tf hgfpg' ;Dd] ngn] xfl;n u/ ] sf pknlAw dflgPsf] 5 . h;df : yfgLo tx;Fusf] ;dGjo / ;fem] bf/ Laf/ ] k|z: t ax; ePsfn] dha'b ;xsfo{sf nflu k|lta4tf JoQm ul/ g' ;Dd] ngsf ;sf/ fTds kIfx? x'g\ . ;dfhdf JofKt xflgsf/ s cEof;x?sf lj?4 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3n] ;'? u/ ] sf] cleofgdf xft] dfnf] ub} { hfg] k|lta4tf ;Dd] ngsf] csf] { dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw dflgPsf] 5 .

;Dd] ngn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] { 5'§} gLlt gx'Fbf ef] Ug' k/ ] sf] cK7] / f] nfO{ d'Vo afwf dfg] / lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjsf ?kdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] ;'v{] t 3f] if0ff–kq @)&% hf/ L u/ ] sf] 5 . ;/ sf/ n] / ] l8of] rnfpg] geP/ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu ;xsfo{ ug'{kg] {df ljz] if hf] 8 lbFb} hf/ L ul/ Psf] ;'v] {t 3f] if0ffkqdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf tkm{af6 k|lta4tf / dfux? ;d] l6Psf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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;fd'bflos / ] l8of] M gLltut ax;

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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60

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/ ] l8of]

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k[i7e"ld

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ g] kfnn] cfkm\gf] !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj; @)&% r} q ( ut] Ps cf} krfl/ s sfo{qmd u/ L dgfPsf] 5 . @)%& ;fn r} q ( ut] : yfkgf ePsf] csf] / fan] sf7df8f} +df gLltut ax;;lxt : yfkgf lbj; dgfPsf] xf] . ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL uf] s'nk|;fb afF: sf] 6f, g] kfnL sf+u|] ; g] tf Pj+ k"j{ ;~rf/ dGqL ldg] Gb| l/ hfn, ;+;b\sf] sfg'g Gofo tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf ;efklt s[i0feQm kf] v/ ] n, ;f+;bx?, / fli6«o of] hgf cfof] usf ;b: o tyf csf] / fasf k"j{ cWoIf dLgaxfb'/ zfxL, ;+: yfks cWoIf / 3' d} gfnL, lqlj kqsfl/ tf ljefu k|d'v lr/ ~hLjL vgfn, g] skf g] tf ;"o{ yfkf, kqsf/ dxf;+3sf k"j{ cWoIf ;'/ ] z cfrfo{ ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx?sf cWoIf tyf k|ltlglw, csf] / fa sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/ L, ;b: o / ] l8of] sf k|ltlglw, ;~rf/ sdL{, csf] / fasf jt{dfg tyf k"j{ sd{rf/ L;lxtsf] pkl: yltdf gLltut ax;;lxt jflif{sf] T;j dgfOPsf] xf] .

sfo{qmdsf] : j?k tyf z'ef/De

-s_ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g

csf] / fasf] !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;sf cj;/ df cfof] lht … ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] M gLltut ax;Ú ljifos ;+jfb sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;/ f] sf/ jfnf ;+3;+: yfsf k|ltlglw, ;fd'bflos k|;f/ s Pj+ ljifo lj1x?;lxt *) hgfsf] pkl: ylt lyof] . sfo{qmdsf k|d'v cltly ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqL uf] s'n afF: sf] 6fn] kfg;df åLk afn] / pb\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

-v_ ;+: yfks cWoIfnfO{ ;Ddfg

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ g] kfnn] : yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ df csf] / fasf] : yfkgf tyf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cleofgdf dxTjk"0f{

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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of] ubfg k'¥ofPsf] df sb/ ub} { ;+: yfks cWoIf / 3' d} gfnLnfO{ ;Ddfg u/ ] sf] 5 . pxfFnfO{ bf] ;Nnf cf] 9fP/ ;Ddfg ul/ g'sf ;fy} csf] / fasf tkm{af6 ;Ddfgkq k|bfg ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;Ddfgkqdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3sf] : yfkgfdf d} gfnLn] k'¥ofpg' ePsf] of] ubfk|lt cfef/ JoQm ub} { cfufdL lbgdf klg pxfFsf] / rgfTds e"ldsfsf] ck] Iff ul/ Psf] 5 .

;+: yfks cWoIf d} gfnLsf] dGtJo

;a} eGbf klxn] d v';L JoQm ug{ rfxG5', ;Ddfgsf nflu cfef/ L 5' . ljutdf xfdLn] yf] / } af6 ;'? u/ ] sf] hdft, clxn] 7"nf] ePsf] 5 . 7"nf] km} nfj6n] ljut ;lDemPsf] 5 . : yfkgf lbj;df tLgj6f sfo{ ug'{ h?/ L x'G5, klxnf] ljutsf] ;Demgf ug] {, bf] ;|f] jt{dfgsf] ;dLIff ug] {, t] ;|f] eljiosf] uGtJo lg0ff{/ 0fsf nflu ax; ug] { . h;n] cfufdL af6f] to u/ f] ;\ . To; l;nl;nfdf cfhsf] 5nkmn a9\nf eGg] ck] Iff lnPsf] 5' . ljutnfO{ ;Demg' kbf{ M xfdLn] @)$( ;fnb] lv g] kfndf / ] l8of] k|ljlw leœofpg'k5{ eg] / ;+3if{ u¥of} + . To; a] nf y'k|} pQf/ r9fj cfP, lj: t[t ?kdf hfg rfxGg .

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@)%$ ;fn h] 7 % ut] b} lgs @ 306fsf] k|;f/ 0fsf nflu xfdLn] / ] l8of] ;u/ dfyf ;~rfngsf] cg'dlt kfof} + . xfdLn] Ohfhtlagf g} / ] l8of] k|;f/ 0f u/ ] sf lyof} + . ;/ sf/ sf nflu u} / sfg'gL lyof] xf] nf, xfd|f nflu Tof] j} w g} lyof] . sfg'gL / j} w km/ s s'/ f x'g\ . cem} klg xfd|f] df / ] l8of] cleofg, / ] l8of] sf k|sf/ x?sf af/ ] df xfd|f sfg'gn] w] / } s'/ f lrGg g;Snf, sfg'gL ?kdf o;nfO{ Joj: yfkg ug{ cem} klg xfdL lqmofzLn / xg'kg] { cj: yf xf] nf, t/ of] j} w eO;s] sf] 5 . ljutdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] , : jtGq / ] l8of] sf] cleofgdf dfq} pQf/ r9fj cfPsf] xf] Og, b] zd} w] / } pQf/ r9fj lyP . nfdf] ;do ;f] r] / s] xL lg0f{odf k'Ug ;Sg] ;/ sf/ g} xfdL;Fu lyPg . sf] xL tLg dlxgfdf, sf] xL 5 dlxgfdf, sf] xL gf} dlxgfdf ablnGy] . w] / } dGqLx?n] w} / } ;sf/ fTds ?kdf k|of; ubf{ub} { klg ck'/ f] eP/ a;] sf s'/ f x'g\ . sl/ a @% jif{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cleofgdf lg/ Gt/ nfUbf clxn] ;Dd s'g} klg dGqLHo"n] of] x'Fb} g, of] rflxFb} g eGg'ePsf] ;'g] sf] 5} g . o;nfO{ s;/ L l56f] ug] { eg] / nfUb} ubf{ pxfFx?sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf 36gf k|z: t 5g\ .

Ps÷b'O{hgfsf] k|of;n] ;dfh cufl8 a9\g] xf] Og, d cGt/ ljifok/ stfdf ljZjf; / fV5' . x/ ] s JolQmsf of] ubfgx? ldn] / dfq} ;fd"lxs ?kdf s'g}

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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sfd ;DkGg x'G5 . clxn] xfdL;Fu / fd|f] cj;/ cfPsf] 5 . kfFr jif{sf nflu : yfoL ;/ sf/ xfdL;Fu 5 . ;~rf/ If] q a'em] sf] ;~rf/ dGqLHo" xfdL;Fu x'g'x'G5 . d} n] JolQmut ?kdf pxfFsf] efjgf, hf] ;, pT;fx / h'emf?kg glhsaf6 lrg] sf] , b] v] sf] x'gfn] dGqLHo"s} kfnfdf of] ;DkGg x'G5 eGg] s'/ fdf ljZj: t 5' . d cfu|x klg ug{ rfxG5', otflt/ dGqLHo"sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg rfxG5' .

@)%& ;fndf ;fd'bflossf] gfddf ;'? ePsf xfdL hDdf kfFrj6f dfq} / ] l8of] x? lyof} + . c? #÷$ j6f Jofkfl/ s / ] l8of] lyP . To;/ L ;'? ePsf] Oltxf; cfh xfdL #%) gfl3;s] sf 5f} +, of] uj{ / pT;fxsf] ljifo xf] . of] xfdL / ] l8of] ;Fu dfq} hf] l8Psf] 5} g .

;"rgf / ;~rf/ nfO{ xfd|f ;+ljwfgn] df} lns xssf ?kdf : yflkt u/ ] sf 5g\ t/ xfdLn] df} lns xsnfO{ k|rngdf NofpFbf el§ pBf] usf] eGbf a9L s/ ltl/ / xg'k/ ] sf] 5 . ;fdfGotof / fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs ;+oGqn] a] nfdf ug'{kg] { lg0f{ox? gul/ lbFbf clxn] s] xL … qmfOl;;Ú ;[hgf ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f] dGqLHo" oxfF x'g'x'G5, clxn] 7"nf] cj;/ 5 . ljutsf dGqLn] rfx] / klg Eofpg'ePg, cjlw k'u] g . clxn] sf dGqLHo";Fu kof{Kt ;do 5, of] cleofgnfO{ a'em\g' klg ePsf] 5, dGqLHo"n] l56f] eGbf l56f] of] cleofgnfO{ cl3 a9fpg'x'G5 eg] / d ljZj: t klg 5' .

eljiotkm{ kms] {/ x] bf{ xfd|f bfloTjx? klg 5g\, xfdLn] : j3f] lift bfloTj ;'? u/ ] sf 5f} + . clxn] b'O{ bzsdf cfOk'Ubf cGof} ntfsf sf/ 0f pTk] |/ 0ffsf] ;+s6 klg cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s ;+s6 klg a] xf] l/ / x] sf 5f} + . oBlk xfdL j} w 5f} + eGof} +, ToxLdf klg ca ;+s6 ;'? ePsf] 5 . xfdL hgtfeGbf 6f9f, hgtfsf k|fyldstfeGbf km/ s ePsf 5f} +, lsg eg] ;/ sf/ nfO{ ltg'{kg] { s/ ;+sng ug'{kbf{ hgtfsf cfjZostfeGbf Jofkf/ L sf cfjZostfnfO{ Wofg lbg'kg] { afWotf a9\b} uPsf] 5 . hgtfsf k|fyldstfeGbf 6f9f x'g'sf] dtna, hgtfsf] ;xeflutf sd x'g yfn] sf] 5, hgtfsf] : jLsfo{tf klg sd x'Fb} uof] eg] j} wtfsf] ;+s6df klg k'luG5 . To;af6 hf] lugsf nflu klg xfdL lgs} xtfl/ g'kg] { cj: yf 5 .

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-u_ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;'v] {t 3f] if0ff–kq x: tfGt/ 0f

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ g] kfnsf cWoIf ;'jf; vltj8fn] ljZj / ] l8of] lbj; @)!( sf cj;/ df … ;dfgtf / ;'zf;g k|j4{gsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] Ú ljifodf @)&% kmfu'g ! / @ ut] s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] / fhwfgL ;'v{] tdf ;DkGg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / fli6«o ;Dd] ngaf6 hf/ L … ;'v{] t 3f] if0ffkq @)&%Ú sfo{qmddf k|d'v cltly ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqL uf] s'n afF: sf] 6fnfO{ x: tfGt/ 0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . !) a'Fb] … ;'v{] t 3f] if0ffkq @)&%Ú df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf tkm{af6 kfFrj6f k|lta4tf / kfFrj6f dfu ;d] l6Psf 5g\ .

gLltut ax;

csf] / fa : yfkgf lbj;df ul/ Psf] … ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] M gLltut ax;Ú sfo{qmdsf] ;'?df csf] / fa dxf;lrj uf] ljGb b] jsf] 6fsf] ;xhLs/ 0fdf 5f] 6f] cf} krfl/ s sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/ of] . dxf;lrj b] jsf] 6fn] g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;'? ePsf] @! jif{ k"/ f x'Fbf;d] t / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsf / of] ubfgcg';f/ sfg'g cfpg g;s] sf] tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg' eof] . jl/ i7 pkfWoIf ch'{g lu/ Ln] pkl: yt ;a} nfO{ : jfut ug'{eof] . cf} krfl/ s sfo{qmdkl5 sfo{qmdsf] cWoIftf ug'{ePsf csf] / fa cWoIf

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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;'jf; vltj8fn] : yfkgfsf] p2] Zo, !* jif] { ofqf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] cj: yf / gLltsf] cfjZostfaf/ ] wf/ 0ff / fVb} ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf ;xefuLn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu 5'§} gLlt Nofpg l9nf eO;s] sf] tkm{ ;DalGwt dGqL / ;f+;bsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fPsf lyP .

ax;df JoQm wf/ 0ff

uf] s'n afF: sf] 6f, ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwdGqL

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;sf] z'esfdgf . xfdL ;a} nfO{ yfxf 5, ;+ljwfgn] lbO;s] sf clwsf/ dfly k|Zg / z+sf ul/ / xg' cfjZos 5} g . ;/ sf/ n] ;+ljwfgn] … u/ Ú eg] sf sfd ug] { xf] , ;/ sf/ ;+ljwfgaflx/ hfg ;Qm} g . lj1fkg;DaGwL P] g cfof] , … lSng lkm6Ú sf] s'/ f v'a rn] sf] lyof] , NofOof] . of] If] qn] 7fpF kfof] , o;n] cfly{s ;|f] tdflysf] clwsf/ : yflkt u/ ] sf] 5 h: tf] nfU5 . ca lj1fkg;DaGwL cfrf/ ;+lxtf klg aGg'k5{, agfpg'k5{ . of] agfpg] sfd pTkfbssf] xf] , ldl8ofn] klg cfkm\gf] gLlt agfpg'k5{, Ph] G;Ln] klg gLlt agfpg'k5{ . oL s'/ f k|sfzg÷k|;f/ 0f ug] { of gug] { eg] / gLltdf x'g cfjZos 5 . : jtGqtfsf] gfddf … kmnfgf] dxf/ fh cfpg'ePsf] 5, pxfFnfO{ xft b] vfPkl5 r§} x'G5, kmnfgf] xf] 6ndf olt xhf/ lt/ ] / hfg ;lsG5Ú eg] / lj1fkg ug{ kfpg] ls gkfpg] < Tof] lj1fkgsf] xsdf k5{ ls 7uLdf < o: tf ljifonfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf lng'k5{ . cfkm} +n] agfPsf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf nfu" ePg eg] aNn P] g cfslif{t x'G5 .

lx+;fnfO{ clek|] l/ t ug] {, pQ] hgf / e|d l;h{gf ug] { lx;fan] ljifoj: t' k|: t't x'g yfln;s] sf 5g\ . To;f] xf] eg] xfdL;Fu b'O{j6f ljsNk x'G5, lx+;f ug{ klg kfOG5 eg] / To;nfO{ pS;fpg] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|] if0f ug{, k|sfzg ug{ kfOG5 ls kfOFb} g < Tof] dfgj clwsf/ leq k5{ ls kb} {g < To;dfly sf/ afxL ul/ of] eg] Tof] k|] ; : jtGqtfsf] xgg x'G5 ls x'Fb} g < xfdL s;/ L a'em\5f} + < s] JofVof u5f} {+, s] nfu" u5f} {+ < o: tf ljifo tkfO{x? cfkm} + klg x] g{ ;Sg'x'G5, d} n] / ] s8{ / flv/ x] sf] 5' . s] xL ldl8ofn] … lx+;fÚ ug{ kfpg'k5{{ eg] / jsfnt ul/ / x] sf 5g\ .

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hxfF;Dd ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] lk|mSjoG;Lsf] , / f] oN6Lsf] , gjLs/ 0fsf] s'/ f 5, xfdL 5nkmn u/ f} +nf . ca kof{Kt ;do 5, s/ sf] ljifodf … ;Dk"0f{ cfDbfgLÚ sf] eGg] x6\5 xf] nf, d} n] klxn] klg hfgsf/ L u/ fPsf] 5' . ldl8ofn] g} kqsf/ ;fyLx?nfO{ Go"gtd kfl/ >lds rflxof] eg] / ljifo p7fpg'eof] . gtf] s] sf] w] / } ;do ePsf] lyof] , tf] lsof] . sfof{Gjogsf] r/ 0fdf dflns / sfdbf/ aLr : jfefljs åGå x'Fbf] / x] 5 . To;kl5 ;fgf nufgLsf] ldl8ofsf] s'/ f cfof] . ;fgf nufgLsf] ldl8of eg] / sxL+ n] lvPsf] kfOPg . ;fgf nufgLsf eGg] kl/ eflift u/ ] / h;/ L 5'6 lng vf] Hg' ePsf] 5, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] xsdf klg ToxL xf] , ;fgf nufgLsf] kl/ efiff s;/ L ug] { < of t olt;Dd nufgL eg] / kl/ eflift x'g'k¥of] , of olt hgzlQm sfo{/ t of jflif{s sf/ f] af/ olt;Dd ePsf] eGg'k5{ . / ] l8of] sf] xsdf klg ;fd'bflos, sdl;{on / ;fj{hlgs eGg] kl/ efiff 5} g . ha kl/ efiff x'Fb} g eg] s'g ljlwaf6 hfg] eGg] ljifodf xfdLn] 5nkmn u/ ] / 6'+uf] nufpg'k5{ . o;df lxhf] sf] cfFvfn] dfq} g] x] / f} +, cfhsf] cEof; / ;dfhn] vf] lh/ x] sf] kl/ jt{g, To;n] lng vf] lh/ x] sf] af6f] nfO{ s;/ L ;+: yfut ug{ ;lsG5 eg] / 5nkmn u/ ] / hfg ;lsG5 .

sf7df8f} + pkTosfdf … lk|mSjoG;L xf] lN8ªÚ u/ ] / / fVg] s'/ f cTofrf/ k"0f{ 9+un] eO/ x] sf] 5 . s;} n] gofF kfpFb} g, s;} n] grnfP klg x'g] cj: yf 5 . … lk|mSjoG;LÚ ;fdflhs ;DklQ xf] . To;n] cfh{g u5{ . ;a} s'/ fnfO{ : jtGqtfdf ghf] 8f} +, s] xL s'/ fnfO{ st{Jodf klg hf] 8f} + . clwsf/ , st{Jo / : jtGqtf ;Fu;Fu} x'G5g\, To;nfO{ sfg'gåf/ f ldnfP/ hfcf} + . : jtGqtfsf] ;Ldf s} b ug{] ;/ sf/ sf] s'g} of] hgf 5} g . s'g} s'/ f c;Lldt eGg] x'Fb} g, st{Jo / clwsf/ sf] klg ;Ldf x'G5 . : jtGqtfnfO{ lgodg ug{ vf] lhPsf] xf] .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] klg If] q lgwf{/ 0f ug'{k5{ . s[lif xf] ls ko{6g < clg … ln+sÚ ug] { xf] ls xf] Og < %)) jf6, !))) jf6sf] PkmPd x'G5 ls x'Fb} g < ;/ sf/ n] klg t ;f] Wg kfpF5 lg < ;d'bflos xf] eg] e"uf] n tf] Sg] s'/ f klg x'G5 . sfg'g agfpg] qmdd} / x] sf] x'gfn] tkfO{x?;Fu klg 5nkmn hf/ L 5 . cfkm\gf] kmfObfsf nflu dfq} 7"nf] : j/ gu/ f} + . ;/ sf/ n] ;a} nfO{ ldnfP/ n} hfG5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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cg'dltkqsf] cjlwnufot ljifodf klg tkfO{x?;Fu 5nkmn u/ ] / 6'+uf] nufOg] 5 . sdfpg hfg] n] k|lt: kwf{ ug'{k5{, ;] jf ug] {n] ;'ljwf kfpg'k5{, oxL dfGotf xf] . : yfgLo txn] PkmPd rnfpg kfpg] ls gkfpg] eGg] k|Zg cfof] , ;+ljwfgn] lbO;s] sf] clwsf/ df w] / } ax; gu/ f} + . tkfO{x?sf dfudf, tkfO{x?n] dfGg ;Sg] , / fHon] wfGg ;Sg] u/ L, hgtf / b] znfO{ klg / fd|f] x'g] hlt u/ f} + .

s[i0feQm kf] v/ ] n, ;efklt, sfg'g Gofo tyf dfgjclwsf/ ;ldlt

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu cfa4 oxfFx?n] lgs} cK7] / f] sf aLrdf b] zsf] ;a} s'gfx?df k'u] / sl/ a #%) j6f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rfng u/ ] / , hgtfnfO{ ;';"lrt ug] { bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;kmn x'g'ePsf] 5 . d ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ d'/ L–d'/ L awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . of] ofqfdf sxfF sxfF cK7] / f 5g\, ca xfdL klg ;fy lbg] ofqLx? 5f} +, ;+o'Qm ?kdf xfd|f k|of;x? u/ f} +, oxfFx?n] vf] h] sf] nIo kl/ k"lt{ x'g] 5 eGg] ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5' .

d ;+ljwfg;efdf ;+ljwfg d: of} bf ;ldltsf] ;b: o klg lyPF, ;+ljwfg d: of} bf ul/ / xFbf xfdLn] k|: tfjgf n] Vg] s'/ fd} em08} @) lbg nufof} + . To;dWo] sf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f k|] ; : jtGqtf eGg] ljifo, … k"0f{ k] |; : jtGqtfÚ / fVg' knf{ ls … k|] ; : jtGqtfÚ dfq} n] v] k'Unf eGg] lyof] .clGtddf xfdL … k|] ; : jtGqtfÚ dfq} eGbf sxL+ g sxL+ ;+s'rg x'g;Snf, of] ;+s'rg x'g] ljifo xf] Og eg] / … k"0f{ k] |; : jtGqtfÚ n] v] / hfg] lgisif{df k'Uof} + . ;+ljwfgn] Tof] l: kl/ 6nfO{ ;d] 6] sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] , ;~rf/ sf] xsdf, k|sfzg tyf k|;f/ 0fsf] s'/ f… k"j{ k|ltalGwt xf] OgÚ , of] … k|ltaGwÚ ug] { ljifo klg xf] Og eGg] s'/ fsf] ;'lglZrttf ul/ Psf] 5 . clxn] sf] ;/ sf/ , ljlwsf] zf;g, dfgj clwsf/ sf] / Iffsf] If] qdf cu'jfO ul/ / x] sf] 5 .

clxn] ;+ljwfg k|bQ df} lns clwsf/ x?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu tf] lsPsf] ;do, Ps jif{leq !^ j6f df} lns clwsf/ sf sfg'g kfl/ t u/ ] / Tof] k|lta4tf hfx] / ul/ / x] sf] cj: yfdf csf] { z+sf ug'{kg] { 5} g . clxn] sf] ;/ sf/ , ;Qf?9 bn, ljlwsf] zf;g, dfgj clwsf/ , cfjlws

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lgjf{rg, : jtGq Gofokflnsf, k"0f{ k|] ; : jtGqtfh: tf ljifodf sxL+ st} klg ;Demf} tf ug] { kIfdf 5} g, o;df lgw{Ss x'gsf nflu ljgd|tfk"j{s cg'/ f] w ub{5' . gLltut ax; ePsfn] sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] ;Gbe{df s] xL s'/ f / fVg rfxG5' . sfg'g lgdf{0f Pp6f … k|fOe] 6 lanÚ sf] ?kdf, csf] { … ue/ d] {G6 lanÚ sf] ?kdf u/ L b'O{ tl/ sfn] x'G5 . b'lgofFe/ g} sl/ a sl/ a oxL k|lqmof xf] . g] kfnsf] ;+;bLo Oltxf;df, … k|fOe] 6 lanÚ sf] ?kdf hDdf tLgj6f landfq} kf; ePsf] 5 . Tof] ;fdYo{tf xfdLn] xfl;n ug{ ;s] sf 5} gf} + . kfls: tfgdf hfFbf d} n] yfxf kfPF, pgLx?sf] ;+;bLo Oltxf;df klg !%÷!^ j6f landfq} kf; ePsf] / x] 5 . hfkfg / a] nfotsf] km/ s 5 . hfkfgdf Pp6f ;f+;bsf] ;lrjfnodf ( hgfsf] ;lrjfno x'Fbf] / x] 5, : jsLo ;lrj klg k|To] s sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;+nUg x'Fbf / x] 5g\ . … k|fOe] 6 lanÚ tof/ ug{ ;S5g\, xfp;df To;sf nflu njL ug{ ;S5g\ . xfdLsxfF ;/ sf/ sf] tkm{af6 jf … k|fOe] 6 lanÚ sf] ?kdf b'O{ k|lqmofaf6 lan ;+;bdf cfpF5g\ .

lan lgdf{0fs} qmddf ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu slQsf] ;DaGw x'G5 < h'g ;d: of kl/ k"lt{sf nflu, h;sf] ;xhLs/ 0fsf nflu sfg'g, ljw] os aG5, tL ;/ f] sf/ jfnf ;d'bfox?;Fu k/ fdz{lagf sfg'g lgdf{0f ug] { s'/ f / fd|f] xf] Og, x'g'x'Fb} g . d: of} bfs} r/ 0fdf dGqLHo"n] o;df cj: o Wofg lbg'x'g] 5 . dGqLHo" t oxL ljifodf lj1 JolQmTj tkfO{+n] kfpg'ePsf] 5 . of] ;dodf ;~rf/ If] qdf gofF lrh cfpg ;s] g eg] kl5 ufx|f] x'G5 eGg] s'/ fdf d klg ;xdt 5' .

ha lan xfp;df ;} 4flGts 5nkmnkl5 ;ldltdf cfpF5, xfdL ##$ n] dfq} sfg'g lgdf{0f ug] { xf] Og . tkfO{x?n] rf;f] , ;/ f] sf/ / fVg'xf] nf . s] xL ;docl3 dfq} … af] g; PS6Ú kf; ePsf] lyof] . af] g; lbg] x? olt;Dd af] g; lbg tof/ 5' elg/ x] sf lyP, af] g; lng] dhb'/ ;fyLx? olt;Dd rflxG5 elg/ x] sf lyP, lng] / lbg] aLr ;xdlt lyof] , t/ ;/ sf/ n] cs} } {–cs} { 9+uaf6 … af] g; PS6Ú Nofof] . ;ldltdf pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3, ;LPgcfO{, dhb'/ , PS;k6{ / ;/ sf/ / fp08 6] andf / fv] / ToxL lbg ePsf] ;xdltcg';f/ sfg'g kf; u/ ] / k7fOof] , ;a} v';L eP . j} b] lzs / f] huf/ ;DaGwL ljw] os cfof] , To;df klg lgs} rrf{ kl/ rrf{ eof] , j} b] lzs / f] huf/ sf ;fyLx? … xfdLn] t s'/ f / fVg} kfOPgÚ eGg] lx;faaf6 ;ldltdf cfpg'eof] . tkfO{x?

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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cfpg';\, dGqL ;fydf a: g'x'G5, lj1 klg a: g'x'G5, Pp6f lgisif{ lgsfN5f} + eGof} + . ;/ sf/ n] NofPsf] eGbf ;sf/ fTds, ;Gt'lnt 9+uaf6 ;+;b\n] sfg'g agfof] . sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf tkfO{x? ;+nUg x'g'k5{ . of] ;a} k|lqmofdf xfd|f] ;xeflutf x'g;S5 .

ca xfdL gofF o'udf k|j] z u/ ] sf 5f} +, ljutsf] h: tf] / f] Onf] xf] Og, xfdL ;d[l4sf] ;xofqfdf 5f} + . of] ofqfdf kIfljkIf x'g klg h?/ L 5} g . d] / f] kfFr jif{sf] cg'ejdf, ;ldltdf !) k|ltztdf klg cNkdt–ax'dt ePsf] 5} g . kf6L{sf] kf] l;hgn] ToxfF sfd nfUb} g, ToxfF ts{sf] cfwf/ df x'G5, s] xL s] xL … g] zgn n] ensf O: o'Ú df slxn] sfxL+ kf] lh;g lnPsf] x'G5 / dtbfg x'G5 . xf] Og eg] , ;ldlt txdf Pp6f kf6L{sf] Pshgf x'g'x'G5, c? kf6L{sf bzhgf x'g'x'G5, / fd|f] ts{ Pshgfsf] 5 eg] ToxL s'/ f ;j{;Ddt kf; x'G5 . d] / } g] t[Tjdf / x] sf] sfg'g Gofo ;ldltn] !^% j6f sfg'g ;j{;Ddt kf; u/ ] sf] 5 . of] k|lqmofsf ljifodf oxfFx?n] hfgsf/ L / fVg'k5{, o;nfO{ Jofks ?kdf ;+k|] if0f klg ug'{k5{ . d] / f] ljz] if cg'/ f] w, df} lns clwsf/ , ;f+;b ;fyLx?n] slQsf] k9\g' ePsf] 5 < !^ j6f sfg'g, oxfFx?, cu'jf ldl8ofsf ;fyLx?n] ;/ sf/ n] k|lta4tf hgfPsf oL ljifo slQsf] k9\g'ePsf] 5 < cfdhgtfsf] aLrdf nfg'kg] { 5, cfwf/ e"t : jf: Yosf] clwsf/ , cfjf;sf] clwsf/ , ca 3/ 5} g eg] lbg} k5{, 5} g eGg kfOGg . vfg kfPsf] 5} g eg] , vfgf lbg} k5{, / f] huf/ L lbg} k5{, glbP %) lbgsf] tna lbg} k5{ . oL s'/ fnfO{ b"/ b/ fhdf nfg] s'/ fdf cWoog cfjZos 5 . of] kf6f] df ldl8ofaf6 ;r] ttfk"j{s va/ bf/ L ug{ h?/ L 5 . tkfO{x?;Fu hgtfsf] ;+ul7t cfjfh 5, hgtfsf] aLrdf tNnf] txsf hgtfn] a'em\g] efiffdf h'g 9+un] nfg'ePsf] 5, To;sf nflu ;Ddfg ug{ rfxG5' . xfdL PSnf] 5f} + ls eGg] g7fGg'xf] ;\, ;fylbg] xfdLh: tf ;f+;bx? ToxfF w] / } 5f} + . oxfFx?sf] ofqf gyflssg cl3 a9\gsf nflu z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' .

dLg] Gb| l/ hfn, g] tf, g] kfnL sf+u|] ; Pj+ k"j{ ;~rf/ dGqL

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ !* cf} + jif{ k|j] zdf awfO{ tyf z'esfdgf . of] dxTjk"0f{ 5nkmndf af] nfpg' eof] wGojfb . d ;~rf/ dGqL x'Fbf s'g} klg ;~rf/ u[x, ;~rf/ dfWoddf k|ltaGw nufpg] sfd ePg .

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/ ] l8of] sf] Ohfhtkq lhNnfaf6} gjLs/ 0f ug] { k|aGw d] / } kfnfdf ePsf] xf] . d} n] of] klg eGg'k5{, d dGqL 5Fbf dw] z cfGbf] ngsf qmddf dw] zsf / ] l8of] nfO{ aGb ug'{k¥of] eg] / ;/ sf/ df ;Fu} / xg] , ;+ljwfg;Fu} agfpg] / fhgLlts kf6L{sf dflg; cfP/ k6s–k6s eGg] ug'{x'GYof] , d} n] ul/ gF, To;df dnfO{ uj{ 5 . d] / f] l;4fGt;Fu hf] l8Psf] s'/ f xf] . jLkL sf] O/ fnfsf] ;+utdf al;of] , … : jtGqtfsf] ;Ldf : jR5GbtfnfO{ l5rf] Ng] vfnsf] x'G5,Ú eGg'x'GYof] . Tof] dfGotfeGbf aflx/ hfg' pko'Qm b] lvg . Psk6s kqsf/ dxf;+3af6 cgnfOgsf af/ ] df lgodg x'g'k¥of] eg] / cfpg'eof] , k|: t't ug'{eof] , dnfO{ sfuh lbg'eof] , d} n] / fv] + . b'O{÷rf/ j6f ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] … dLg] Gb| l/ hfnn] cgnfOgnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg nfu] Ú eg] / n] v] . d} n] kTof/ ug] { s] xL ldl8ofsf ;fyLx?n] … ;fdfGo nf] stflGqs d'n'ssf] kl/ efiffeGbf aflx/ kg] { d'n'ssf] 5fofF x] / ] / agfOPsf] 5, cl3 ga9fpg'xf] nfÚ eGg'eof] , d} n] sfo{sfnel/ cl3 a9fOg\ . Pp6f ljifon] dnfO{ ;w} + cK7] / f] kfg] { uYof] {, hlxn] klg bafa … lk|mSjoG;LÚ rflxof] eGg] x'GYof] . sf7df8f+} df t … lk|mSjoG;LÚ g} vfnL 5} g eGg] k|ltj] bg cfPsf] lyof] . hxfFaf6 dfu cfpFYof] , ToxfF / ] l8of] rnfpg ;Dej 5} g eGg] csf] { k|ltj] bg cfpFYof] . afF8\g] sfddf cfkm} + gkg{ kfP x'GYof] eGg] nfu] sf] lyof] .

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gj] {df lk|mSjoG;L ljt/ 0fsf] sfd aGb u/ ] / l8lh6n k|ljlwdfkm{t rnfOPsf] 5 . xfdLsxfF klg Tof] k|ljlw cfpg w] / } a] / gnfUg ;S5 . … lk|mSjoG;LÚ sf] ljifodf klg w] / } ghfcf} + . / 3' d} gfnLhLn] hlt eg] klg, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] klxrfxg t agfpg} k5{ . g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cfpFbf d w] / } v';L lyPF, cd] l/ sf a: bf Pp6f ;x/ af6 csf] { ;x/ df hfFbf cs} { ;d'bfosf] / ] l8of] ;'lgGYof] , d ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] af6 k|efljt eP/ cfPsf] lyPF . t/ g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] Tof] af6f] af6 cl3 a9] sf] 5} g . of] s'/ fnfO{ c: jLsf/ u/ ] / ;'wf/ x'g ;Qm} g . ;Demfpg] lhDdf dGqLHo"sf] xf] , d Tof] 7fpFdf 5} g . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] … ;fd'bflos rflxF gx'g] , afFsL ;a} x'g] Ú af6f] ;dfTg x'Fb} g . PghLcf] n] rnfPsf] klg x'g ;S5, j8fn] , gu/ kflnsfn] , ufpFkflnsfn] rnfPsf] klg x'g;S5, To;df ghfcf} + . ;+ljwfgdf oL ljifodf n] Vg] a] nfdf d: of} bf ;ldltdf lyPF, sfo{bndf lyPF, dGqL klg ePsf] x'gfn] of] ljifo d} n] x] 5'{ eg] sf] lyPF . … lk|mSjoG;LÚ ljt/ 0f ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ sf] xf] , PkmPd ;~rfng, k|b] z ;/ sf/ / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] xf] . oL s'/ f ;r] t dgd} ;+ljwfgdf / flvPsf] xf] , Tof] / fVg] a] nfdf d} n] ;+ljwfg agfpg] x?nfO{ JofVof u/ ] s} x'F . P] g, sfg'g agfpg] n] klg olt s'/ f rflxF a'em\g'k5{ . of] aflx/ uP/ sfg'g agfpg ldNb} g . jfs, k|sfzg : jtGqtfsf] clwsf/ nfO{ c+s'z nufpg ldNb} g . c+s'z nufpg] ;f] raf6 s;} n] klg lx+8\g x'Fb} g . dGqL x'Fbf nufpg dg nfUnf t/ Tof] nf] edf gnfUb} plrt xf] nf .

;fj{hlgs ;] jf k|;f/ 0fsf] s'/ f p7] sf] 5, xfdLsxfF / ] l8of] g] kfn / g] kfn 6] lnlehgnfO{ … klAns ;le{; a|f] 8sfl: 6ªÚ sf] af6f] df nfg] sfdsf] sfo{bn agfP/ ;'?cft u/ ] sf] lyPF . ;+;b dftxtdf Nofpg To;f] ul/ Psf] lyof] . xfdLn] cfkm\gf ;Ldfx?nfO{ a'em\g'k5{ . ;fdflhs ;~hfn lgoGq0f ;Dej 5} g . ;"rgf k|ljlw;Fu ldl;Fb} hfg] xf] . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljw] osdf uDeL/ 5nkmn x'g'k5{ . lj1fkg P] gsf ljifodf klg k|z: t} 5nkmn ug'{k5{ . jfs / k|sfzg : jtGqtfnfO{ c+s'z nufpg] xfd|f] ;+ljwfg xf] Og, ;"rgf ;~rf/ k|ljlwn] h;/ L xfdLnfO{ cufl8 lnP/ uO/ x] sf] 5, k|ljlwnfO{ k/ f: t u5'{ eGg] s'/ f s;} n] g;f] rf} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ljsf;sf nflu tLg} txsf ;/ sf/ pkof] uL xf] pg\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sfd nfUg] aGg ;sf] ;\, of] ;DefjgfnfO{ Wofgdf / fvf} + .

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o1/ fh ;'g'jf/ , ;+3Lo ;f+;b

!* cf} + jflif{sf] T;jsf ;Gbe{df tkfO{x? ;a} nfO{ xflb{s z'esfdgf / awfO{ . / 3' d} gfnLnfO{ vfbf cf] 9fP/ ;Ddfgkq lbP/ Oltxf;sf] ;Ddfg ug'{ePsf] 5 . dLgaxfb'/ zfxLn] eGg'ePh: t} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? lxhf] sf] lbgdf afFRgsf nflu ;+3if{sf] r/ 0fdf lyP, ca o;n] cfkm\gf] gf/ fnfO{ klg kl/ jt{g ug'{k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] casf] gf/ f … SoflDkPg km/ P8\efG;Ú x'Fbf / fd|f] xf] nf eGg] nfU5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3sf] g] t[Tjdf ;fd'bflos ;"rgf g] 6js{ ;LcfO{Pgn] ;dfrf/ ahfpF5, ;dfrf/ cl3 … ;of} + / ] l8of] , xHhf/ f} / ] l8of] sdL{ / s/ f] 8f} + g] kfnLsf] dfemdf, of] xf] ;fd'bflos ;"rgf g] 6js{ ;LcfO{PgÚ eg] / a8f] : jflbnf] , ;'gf+} ;'gf} + nfUg] lhª\un aH5, ;fx|} dg k5{.

d} n] ;'g] sf] lyPF, @))& ;fn kmfu'g & ut] sf7df8f} +df / f0ffzf;gsf] cGTo eof] , Tof] ;dfrf/ cf7 dlxgfkl5 s0ff{nLsf] h'Dnfdf k'u] 5, ToxL lbg h'Dnf, s0ff{nLaf;Ln] … / f0ffzf;g d"bf{jfb, k|hftGq lhGbfjfbÚ eg] / gf/ f nufP5g\ . t/ cfh, olta] nf cd] l/ sfdf s] eO/ x] sf] 5, sf7df8f} +df s] eO/ x] sf] 5, l;+xb/ af/ jf afn'jf6f/ n] s] lg0f{o u¥of] eGg] s'/ f Ps ldg] 6 glaTb} x'Dnfdf k'U5, tfKn] h'ª, clg bfr'{nfdf klg . of] ToxL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] of] ubfgsf] k|ltkmn xf] . hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] e/ kbf] { ;+oGq ePsf]df xflb{s awfO{ lbg rfxG5' .

g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@, gful/ snfO{ jf s'g} klg kf6f] / kIfnfO{ clwsf/ lbg] lx;fan] sdhf] / 5 h: tf] nfUb} g . Tof] ;+ljwfgdf x: tfIf/ ug] { ^)! hgfdWo] sf] Ps eP/ dfq} xf] Og, Pp6f ;fdfGo gful/ ssf] x} l;otn] o;df klg 5nkmn / ax; ug{ ;S5' . o;sf] sfof{Gjog s;/ L u5f} { eGg] ljifo xfd|f nflu r'gf} tL xf] . olb xfdLn] 7Ls 9+un] k|of] u u/ ] gf} + eg] , ghfGg] efG5] n] b'O{rf/ dlxgfd} … k|] ;/ s's/ nfO{ 8] SrLÚ agfPh: tf] sRofss'r's x'g;S5 . o;f] x'gaf6 / f] Sg] k|of; xfdL ;a} n] ug'{k5{ . ;/ sf/ lgofdsdfq} xf] Og, Joj: yfks klg xf] . ;/ sf/ n] Joj: yfksLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{k5{ . nf] stGq eg] sf] pb08tf xf] Og, c/ fhstf klg xf] Og . ;a} kf6f] / kIf lhDd] jf/ / pQ/ bfoL aGg'k5{ . cfdkqsfl/ tf hut\ … ;xL / ;ToÚ sf] hudf pleP cufl8 a9\of} + eg] xfdL ;a} sf] enf] x'G5 .

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/ fdaxfb'/ lai6, ;+3Lo ;f+;b

!* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 kl/ jf/ nfO{ z'esfdgf . gLltut ?kdf q'l6 gx'g] u/ ] / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3n] g} ax; u/ ] / s'g s'g ljifodf ;+zf] wg ug'{kg] { xf] eg] / xfdLnfO{ ;d] t hfgsf/ L u/ fOlbP yk an k'Ug] 5 . tkfO{x?sf] efjgfaf6 d k|efljt 5', ug'{kg] { d'Vo s'/ f s] s] x'g\ tof/ u/ ] / hfgsf/ L u/ fpg'xf] nf . tkfO{x?n] eg] sf ljifo ;Daf] wg ug{ kfP x'GYof] eGg] nfu] sf] 5 . kqsf/ g} dGqL ePsf] a] nf of] ljifoaf/ ] pxfFnfO{ l;sfpg' gknf{, o; If] qdf pxfF cg'ejL x'g'x'G5 . hgefjgfcg'?k xfdLn] rNg'k5{ . gjLs/ 0f z'Nssf af/ ] df klg s'/ f p7\of] , o;df ;/ sf/ n] ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{k5{ . s/ sf ljifodf / ] l8of] nfO{ pBf] uklt, Jofkf/ LnfO{ h: tf] ug'{ePg, sd ug'{k5{ . cfdhgtfn] dg k/ fPsf s'/ fnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg' x'Fb} g, jfs : jtGqtfsf] ljifodf Wofg lbg'k¥of] . kqsf/ nfO{ c+s'z nufpg] ljlw ;/ sf/ n] Nofof] eg] of] ufx|f] ljifo x'G5 . clxn] sf] ;/ sf/ kfFr jif{sf nflu xf] , dGqLHo"n] kfFr jif{ sfd ug] { cj;/ kfpg'ePsf] 5 .

-r_ OGb's'df/ L zdf{, ;+3Lo ;f+;b

!* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ df ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . u|fdL0f hgtfsf] dd{ / efjgfnfO{ lnP/ : yfkgf ePsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfh;Dd cfOk'Ubf ;dfhdf w] / } ;/ fxgLo sfd u/ ] sf 5g\ . u|fdL0f hgtfsf cfjfh p7fOlbg] , ljleGg cfGbf] ngnfO{ zflGtk"0f{ cjt/ 0f u/ fpg klg dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] n] sf 5g\ .

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;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] hgtfsf cfjfh ;DalGwt 7fpFdf k'¥ofpg] , hgtfsf] rfxgf, ;d[l4sf s'/ fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fv] sf 5g\ . hgr] tgf a9fpg] sfd ePsf 5g\ . : yfgLo hgtf;Fu hf] l8P/ cfjfh p7fpg] ljifodf cem} klg d] xgt ug'{kg] { 5 . gofF ag] sf sfg'gnfO{ gf6ssf] dfWoaf6 jf cGo tl/ sfn] k|;f/ 0f ug{ ;s] u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ a'emfpg ;lhnf] x'G5 . ufpFsf ul/ a, lk5l8Psf] ju{n] g} a9L / ] l8of] ;'Gg] u5{g\ . hxfF 6] lnlehg, ljB't\ / OG6/ g] 6 k'u] sf] 5} g, ToxfFsf ls;fgsf] 3/ 3/ df / ] l8of] em'l08Psf x'G5g\ . pgLx?sf] b} lgsL g} / ] l8of] sf] k|;f/ 0f;Fu hf] l8Psf] x'G5 .

pdfz+s/ c/ ul/ of, ;+3Lo ;f+;b

;a} eGbf klxn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;sf] z'esfdgf . hgtfsf] ldl8of ag] / cfjfh p7fOlbg'ePsf]df wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . / ] l8of] : yfkgf x'Fbf kf6L{ ljz] ifsf] , g] tf ljz] ifsf] / ] l8of] x'Gy] , ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] b] z} el/ oL s'/ fnfO{ lrg{ ;kmn ePsf] df x[bob] lv g} z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . w] / } h: tf] ljw] os kmf: 66«\ofssf lx;fan] cfpF5g\, ;a} ;f+;bn] ljw] os cWoog ug{ gkfPsf klg x'g ;S5g\ . ljw] osdf cfPsf ;a} s'/ f g/ fd|f 5g\ eGg] xf] Og . dw] zjfbL bnsf] k|d'v ;r] tssf] lx;fan] , ;~rf/ sdL{, ldl8ofsf] cfjfh s;} n] / f] Sg x'Fb} g, / f] Sg klg ;Qm} g . of] kIfdf sfFwdf sfFw ldnfP/ cl3 a9\g] k|lta4tf hgfpg rfxG5' . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] gLlt agfpg] qmddf jfs : jtGqtfsf] clwsf/ v'DRofOg' x'Fb} g .

dLgaxfb'/ zfxL, ;b: o / fli6«o of] hgf cfof] u tyf k"j{cWoIf, csf] / fa

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ g] kfnsf] !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;df / fli6«o of] hgf cfof] usf] ;b: o / csf] / fasf] k"j{ cWoIfsf] x} l;otn] b] z} e/ ;~rfngdf cfPsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , / ] l8of] sdL{, / ] l8of] cleoGtfx? ;a} k|lt z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . d} n] csf] / fasf] cWoIf / x] / b'O{ sfo{sfn g] t[Tj ug] { cj;/ k|fKt u/ ] + . csf] / fanfO{ oxfF;Dd Nofpg em] Ng' k/ ] sf ;d: ofx?sf af/ ] df oxfF rrf{ ug'{kbf{ pko'Qm ynf] xf] h: tf] nfUb} g . w] / } ;+: yfx?df d} n] g] t[Tj u/ ] sf] 5', tLdWo] ;a} eGbf uj{ nfUg] ;+: yfsf] ?kdf csf] / fanfO{ lnG5' . cfkm"n] d] xgt

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u/ ] / Pp6f ;+: yfsf] ?k u|x0f u¥of] , ;fyLx?sf] aLrdf pkl: yt x'g, ckgTj u|x0f ug{ dnfO{ ;w} F uj{ nfU5 . ev{/ } Pl;of Kofl;lkms If] qsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] OG8f] g] l;ofdf … Pl;of Kofl;lkms / ] l8of] ;Dd] ngÚ ePsf] lyof] . To;af6 csf] / fasf cWoIf ;'jf; vltj8f blIf0f Pl;ofsf] pkfWoIfdf lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] 5 . csf] / fanfO{ km] l/ klg awfO{ lbg rfxG5' . csf] / fan] cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ d} g] t[Tj u5{ . ;+;f/ sf o: tf ;+u7gx?dWo] csf] / fa ;'zf;g / Joj: yfkgsf lx;fan] ;a} eGbf Jojl: yt ;+u7gdf k5{ .

ut jif{ kf] v/ fdf ;DkGg jflif{s ;fwf/ 0f;efdf jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL s] kL zdf{ cf] nLHo" k|d'v cltly x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFn] … csf] / fasf] Oltxf; dnfO{ yfxf 5, o;df ;+nUg ;fyLx?n] / fli6«o, cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ df g] t[Tj ug'{ePsf] 5Ú eGg'ePsf] lyof] . csf] / fan] of] x} l;ot : yflkt u/ ] sf] ;Gbe{df, xfd|f dfggLo ;"rgf k|ljlw tyf ;~rf/ dGqLHo", ;~rf/ If] qaf6} cfkm\gf] JolQmTj ljsf; u/ ] / hfg'ePsf] 5 . gLlt lgdf{0fsf] bf} / fgdf o;n] p7fPsf ljifodf sdL x'G5 h: tf] dnfO{ nfUb} g . xfdLn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] : jtGqtfsf] ljifodf h'g s'/ f u/ ] sf 5f} +, d of] hgf cfof] uaf6 klg oxL ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ If] q x] 5'{ . dGqLHo";Fu !% cf} + of] hgfsf ljifodf k6sk6s 5nkmn ul/ ;s] sf] 5' . pxfF cfkm} +n] af] nfP/ oL s'/ f o;/ L / fVg'k5{ o;/ L cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg'ePsf] 5 . tkfO{x? ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df h'g sfo{qmd ;'Gg'x'G5, ToxL sfo{qmdsf cfwf/ df dfq} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] … xf] / x} gÚ eGg] s'/ f lgwf{/ 0f ug{ ;lsFb} g . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ljifodf cdfs{ / o'g] : sf] n] s] s] eg] sf] 5 eg] / ;'/ ] z cfrfo{n] s'/ f p7fpg'eof] , g] kfndf csf] / fa cfkm} +n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf lgwf{/ 0f u/ ] sf] 5 . g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfkm} + cfrf/ ;+lxtf lgdf{0f u/ ] / sfd ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?dfkm{t aHg] cfjfh / ;'zf;gdf ;xeflutfsf] ljifo x] l/ g'k5{ . ;xeflutf sdhf] / 5 eg] k|f] T;fxg ug] { ljifodf ;/ sf/ nfU5 . jfs : jtGqtf;Fu hf] l8P/ klg ljifox? cfPsf 5g\ . ;/ sf/ ;f+u7lgs : jtGqtf, cleJolQm : jtGqtfnufotsf cGo : jtGqtfdfly c+s'z nufpg] kIfdf 5 h: tf] nfUb} g . ;/ sf/ , cfdgful/ sn] ;+u7g vf] Ng kfpg] , ;+ul7t x'g] clwsf/ ;'/ lIft ug] { s'/ fdf k|lta4 5 . clxn] ;Ddsf] cj: yfdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? … afFRgsf nflu ;+3if{Ú ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . x's{g] jftfj/ 0f tof/ ug{ ;/ sf/ tof/ 5 .

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/ fli6«o of] hgf cfof] un] tof/ ul/ / x] sf] !% cf} + k~rjifL{o of] hgfdf … lk|mSjoG;LÚ Pnf] s] ;gsf] ljifo klg ;d] l6Psf] 5 . To;df … / fli6«o ?kdf lk|mSjoG;L Pnf] s] ;g KnfgÚ lgdf{0f u/ L oxL k~rjifL{o of] hgfleq sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] 5 eg] / n] lvPsf] 5 . oxL k~rjifL{o of] hgfleq … cla{6n : n6Ú : of6nfO6 l;: 6d xfd|} x'G5 eg] sf 5f} + . ;/ sf/ n] k|;f/ 0fsf tLgj6f lkn/ , ;fd'bflos, ;fj{hlgs / lghL k|;f/ sf] ljifonfO{ : jLsfl/ ;s] sf] 5 . P] g Nofpg] s'/ fdf, s] xL ljifo xfdLn] x] g'{k5{ . xfdLnfO{ tTsfn P] g rflxPsf] xf] eg] cfpg ;S5, xfdLnfO{ a+unfb] z, lxGb': yfgh: t} P] g rflxPsf] xf] < hxfF : jtGqtfnfO{ aGb] h nufOPsf] 5 . ;"rgf ahfpg] ljifonfO{ jl~rt ul/ Psf] 5 . a+unfb] zsf] x] g] { xf] eg] , ToxfF !)) jf6 eGbf a9Lsf] cg'dltkq kfOFb} g, ef} uf] lns sfo{If] q;d] t lgwf{/ 0f ul/ lbG5 . ;/ sf/ : jtGqtf;lxtsf] P] g NofP/ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?nfO{ Jojl: yt ug{ rfxG5 . dfgj clwsf/ sf cfwf/ e"t / fli6«o, cGt/ f{li6«o dfGotfk|lt ;/ sf/ ;r] t 5 . ;+ljwfgdf ePsf df} lns xsnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug] { ;Gbe{df sfg'g lgdf{0f eO/ x] sf 5g\ . clxn] xfdL;Fu k|fKt clwsf/ nfO{ Joj: yfkg / ;xL 9+un] pkof] u s;/ L ug] { eGg] k|Zg 5 . clwsf/ sf] ;xL pkof] u / Joj: yfkg ubf{ ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutf / ;xsfo{df ul/ G5, cgnfOg, / ] l8of] jf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf s'/ f u/ f} + Tof] ;/ sf/ cfkm} +n] ug] { 5} g . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu hf] l8Psf of] hgf, P] g / lgod cfpFbf, o;sf ;/f]sf/ jfnfx?;Fu k/ fdz{, ;xeflutf / ;xsfo{lagf cfpFb} g . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] d} qL P] g cfpg] s'/ fdf ;/ sf/ ;r] t 5 .

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gLlt lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df 5nkmn ubf{, ;+;b\sf] ;ldltsf lhDd] jf/ ;fyLx? oxfF x'g'x'G5 . sd{rf/ LtGqn] s: tf sfg'g d: of} bf ul/ lbG5 eGg] s'/ f Tolt dxTj / lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] Og . sd{rf/ LtGqn] Pp6f dgf] bzfdf sfg'g, ljw] osx?sf] d: of} bf u5{, t/ ;+;bLo ;ldltdf ePsf ;f+;b, tL sf] k|lt pQ/ bfoL x'G5g\ < ltgn] s: tf] sfg'g agfpF5g\ < eGg] s'/ f ltgsf] of] Uotfsf] k/ LIf0f tL k|: t't ePsf ljw] osx?nfO{ s'g ?kdf 6'+UofpF5g\ eGg] s'/ fn] lgwf{/ 0f u5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] xsdf, ;a} sfg'g lgdf{0fsf xsdf ;DalGwt ;ldltx?n] o; 9+un] g} sfd ug] { xf] . sd{rf/ LtGqn] a"9fgLns07 k'Ug ;"o{ljgfosdf xNnf u¥of] eg] / w] / } cft+lst x'g'kb} {g . a"9fgLns07df k'Ug] , k'¥ofpg] ;fdfYo{ xfd|f hgk|ltlglwn] / fVg'k5{ . xfdL ;+3Lotfsf] ax;df 5} gf} +, sfof{Gjogdf 5f} +, d t eG5', Rofp;/ L ;/ sf/ eP . clxn] sf] ;d: of gu/ kflnsf, ufpFkflnsf, k|b] z ;a} n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ xf] h: tf] u/ L / ] l8of] sf] nfO;] G; afF8\g] a'emfO 5 . ldl8of ;~rfng ug] { clwsf/ ltgnfO{ 5, cg'dltkq afF8\g] clwsf/ pgLx?nfO{ xf] h: tf] nfUb} g . lk|mSjoG;L t s] Gb|d} cfpg'kg] { xf] . of] kf6f] df klg ax; k'u] sf] 5} g . lk|mSjoG;L b'?kof] usf] s'/ fnfO{ / f] Sg] ;Fu;Fu} ljt/ 0fdf g} a9L Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/ fdf Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg rfxG5' .

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;fd'bflos xf] ls xf] Og eg] / d} n] eGbf tkfO{x? l/ ;fpg'xf] nf, cfkm"nfO{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] eg] / } ;~rfng u/ ] sf ;fyLx? x'g'x'G5, hlt;'s} l/ ;fP klg s'/ frflxF / fVg'k5{ . / ] l8of] s;s;n] rnfPsf 5g\ g] kfndf eg] / x] g] { xf] eg] , k|x/ Ln] rnfPsf] 5, gu/ kflnsfn] rnfPsf] 5, ;] gf klg k|lqmofdf 5 h: tf] nfU5 . ;xsf/ Lsf / ] l8of] 5g\, ;+: yf btf{ P] g @)#$ cGtu{t ag] sf ;+3;+: yfn] rnfPsf / ] l8of] sf] ax'ntf 5 . xfdLnfO{ 1fgsf lx;fan] cdfs{df s] cEof; 5, s] k"j{;t{, dfkb08, dfgs 5g\ eGg] s'/ fsf] yfxf gePsf] cj: yf 5} g . cdfs{s} g] t[Tj txdf xfd|f ;fyLx? 5g\ . t/ xfdLsxfF cfPsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf af/ ] df Psbd tLtf] s'/ f eGg'k5{ . !* jif{sf cEof;x?nfO{ sfg'gn] Jojl: yt ug] { xf] eg] cfh tLtf] s'/ f gu/ L x'Gg . h;nfO{ cf} iflwsf] ?kdf u|x0f ul/ of] eg] aNn oL tGb'?: t, : j: y x'g] 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] 5'§} efjgf, efj'stfsf sf/ 0fn] hlGdP . hGdbftfx? sf] xL / fhgLlts bn, ;xsf/ L, gu/ kflnsf, sf] xL k'ln; eP/ hlGdP t/ sfg'gn] ltgnfO{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] dfgsdf Jojl: yt ug] { sfd u/ ] sf] 5} g . cfhsf] ;d: of of] xf] , csf] / fasf ;fyLx?af6 d} n] ;'Gb} cfPsf] klg sfg'gn] Jofkfl/ s, ;fj{hlgs / ;fd'bflos 5'§} agfOb] cf] ;\, xfdLnfO{ Pp6} agfPsf] 5 eGg] xf] . t/ cfkm\gf] ;fd'bflos rl/ q Jojl: yt ug] {af/ ] cfkm} + klg 5nkmn ug'{k5{ .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ;fyLx?n] klg ;fd'bflos rl/ qdf d slt 5' jf 5} g eGg] s'/ f P] gf x] g'{ k¥of] . s'g / ] l8of] ;fFRr} ;fd'bflos xf] , ToxfF k"hf–cfhf ehg OToflbsf] ;"rgf eGg] cfwf/ df dfq ;fd'bflos x'Fb} g . / ] l8of] n] : yfkgf x'Fbf h'g efj'stfsf ;fy cfkm\gf] ;] jf yfngL u/ ] sf lyP, tkfO{x?n] x] g'{ eof] eg] !) jif{ cufl8 / cfhdf w] / } cGt/ 5 . oL clxn] a] jfl/ ;] af6fsf dfbnh: tf ag] sf 5g\ . lsg eg] h;n] efa'stfsf;fy lognfO{ hGdfPsf lyP, ltgsf] ;/ f] sf/ / k|fyldstfdf oL / ] l8of] ePgg\ . sf+u|] ;n] hGdfP, k"j{dfcf] jfbLn] hGdfP, k"j{ Pdfn] n] hGdfP . hGdfpg] x? sxfF k'lu;s] , / ] l8of] x?nfO{ sfg'gn] Jojl: yt u/ ] sf] eP x'GYof] , To;f] x'g ;s] g . tkfO{x?sf dfu w] / } 7"nf 5} gg\, tkfO{x?sf cfGtl/ s 5nkmnx?df d klg a;] sf] 5', gjLs/ 0fsf hl6ntf km'sfpg] af/ ] df tkfO{+x?n] cfkm\gf vfnsf c8fg / fVb} cfpg'ePsf] 5 . Tof] ;/ sf/ n] km'sfOlbg'k5{ . kfFr jif{df

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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Psrf] l6 gjLs/ 0f ug] {, s/ s] xL ltg'{ gkg] { dfu ug] {n] klg ug'{x'Gg, k"/f ug] {n] klg ul/lbg' x'Fb} g . Go"gtd j} wflgs ;Ldfleq ug'{k5{ . w] / } ef/ L af] Sg g;Sg] vfnsf z'Ns yf] kl/ lbg' x'Fb} g . cfhsf ;~rf/ sfg'gx? sxfF k'u] sf 5g\, 5nkmn ug] { 7fpFdf cfpnfg\ g} , 5nkmn u/ f} +nf . PsLs[t ;~rf/ sfg'g ;+zf] wgdfkm{t oL ;a} ;d: of ;dfwfg ul/ of] ;\ eg] / xfdLn] s] xLk6s dGqLHo";Fu s'/ f u/ ] sf 5f} + . logsf d: of} bf ;ldltdf hfFbf s;/ L 6'+luG5g\ eGg] ;Gbe{df ;/ f] sf/ jfnf ;fyLx?n] ;fFRr} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] d} qL agfpg] s'/ fdf Wofg lbg'xf] ;\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] h: tf] u/ ] / rnfcf} +, h;nfO{ h: tf] nfUof] , ;fd'bflos eO6f] kNg] vfnsf] gu/ f} +, ;fFRr} ;fd'bflos eP/ cufl8 a9f} + .

/ 3' d} gfnL, ;+: yfks cWoIf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

xfdLsxfF / ] l8of] x? ;fd'bflos eP ls ePgg\ eg] / h'g ukm cfPsf] 5, To;df @÷# j6f s'/ f u5'{ . ;fd'bflos x'g' eg] sf] sfo{qmddfq} xf] < klxnf] s'/ f oxfFaf6 ;'? x'G5, d tYof+s lbg rfxG5', hf] ;fyLx? cfkm"nfO{ Jofj;flos eGg'x'G5, pxfFx? @^÷@& lhNnfeGbf aflx/ hfg'ePsf] 5} g, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? && j6} lhNnf k'u] sf 5g\, s] efjgfn] uP xf] nfg\ < klxnf] s'/ f . bf] ;|f] s'/ f To;sf] k|zf;g, To;df ePsf ;xeflutf, To;sf] k|0ffnL / ;+r/ gf x] / f} +, Pp6f lrhn] dfq} ;fd'bflos aGb} g . sfo{qmdsf s'/ f cfpF5g\, / ] l8of] g] kfn, g] kfn 6] lnlehg, h;nfO{ / fHon] s/ f] 8f} + lbPsf] df o;n] s] u¥of] , s] k|efj k¥of] , xfdLn] 5nkmn ug'{kb} {g < t/ ;d'bfon] xfdL cfkm\gf s'/ f cfkm} + ldn] / u/ f} + g t eGbf t] / f] rflxF k|efj s] eGg] < of] cln a9L eof] . ltdLx?sf] 8f] ldg xf] Og, oxfF cfof} , ltdLx?nfO{ oxfFaf6 nv6\5f} +, eGg] ul/ Psf s'/ fx? klg d dx;'; ul/ / x] sf] 5', To; cy{df . csf] {lt/ u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yfx? ;fd'bflos x'g ls xf] Ogg\, ;d: o} ToxL 5 . clxn] sf] xfd|f] k|;f/ 0f P] gn] lk|mSjoG;L / sn ;fOgdfq} lbG5, btf{ ub} {g . xfdLn] ;'? b] lvg} elg/ fv] sf 5f} +, o;n] ;qlt/ btf{ x'g] xf] Og, Pp6f sfg'g cfcf] ;\, ToxfF xfdL o;/ L rN5f} +, xfd|f] cfrf/ ;+lxtf of] x'G5, xfd|f] sfo{z} nL of] x'G5, xfd|f sfo{qmd o: tf x'G5g\ eg] / h] lrh k|: t't u5f} {+, ;/ sf/ n] To;nfO{ : jLsf/ u/ ] kl5 Tof] cfkm} + ;+: yf xf] ;\ . To;f] eP, c?sf : jfy{df xfdL ?dlng' kg] { lyPg .

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clxn] xfdLn] ;/ sf/ nfO{ k} ;f a'emfpg'k5{, Jofkfl/ s lj>fd To;sf nflu rflxPsf] xf] . To;df olt;Dd 5 ls, Jofkfl/ s : 6] zgx?n] gfkmfsf] !) k|ltzt a'emfP k'U5, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfDbfgLsf] @ k|ltzt, cfDbfgL eg] sf] d} n] eG;f/ lt/ ] sf] s/ 5 eg] To;sf] klg @ k|ltzt a'emfpg'k5{ . x/ ] s s/ x?dfly klg s/ ylkO/ fv] sf] 5 . of] cj: yfdf s] ug] { t / ] l8of] x?n] < k} ;f t a'emfpg'k¥of] .

t] ;|f] , 5f] / f5f] / Ln] a'9] ;sfndf kfN5g\ eGg] cf;n] g} xfd|f] ;dfh rn] sf] 5, t/ hGd] sf] ef] lnkN6} sdfpg yfn, kfNg yfn eg] / x'Fb} g . To;n] sfv} df xU5 . clxn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? h'g cj: yfdf 5g\, gofF 5g\, l;Sb} 5g\ pgLx?sf] efjgf / OdfGbfl/ tfdf xfdLn] k|Zg ug{ ;Sg] 7fpF 5} g . uNtLn] , ghfg] / , em'lSsP/ s] xL ePsf 5g\ eg] To;sf nflu g} oL ;a} s'/ f rflxg] xf] , Jojl: yt ug'{kg] {, Tof] kf6f] klg x] / f} + . ;a} vfnsf sfg'g ufh] dfh] u/ ] / Ps} 7fpFdf nfpg vf] lhof] , PghLcf] klg nufOof] , ;xsf/ L klg nufOof] , sDkgL klg nufOof] clg / fli6«o k|;f/ 0f P] g klg nufOof] . x'Fbf x'Fbf ca t s] ;Dd cfof] eg] , Go"gtd kfl/ >lds lbPg eg] b] lv gjLs/ 0f gug] {, eGg'sf] cy{ d} n] rf] / L u/ ] + eg] dnfO{ rf] / L P] gcGtu{t xf] Og gful/ stf vf] ;\ eg] h: tf] cs} { P] g cfslif{t ug] { sfd eO/ fv] sf 5g\ . oL s'/ fdf xfdLn] Vofn ug'{k5{ .

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oxfF gLltut ?kdf ax;} rnfpg vf] h] sf] s'/ f, : yfgLo / k|b] zsf klg s'/ f cfP, ;f} efUo egf} +, tLgj6f k|b] zsf P] g ;dLIff ug{ k7fOPsf] lyof] . d} n] x] g] { df} sf kfPsf] lyPF, d tLg5s vfPF . klxnf] s'/ f, To;sf] gfd} … ;fj{hlgs k|;f/ 0f ljw] osÚ elgPsf] lyof] . k|;f/ 0f If] qdf ePsf] Pp6f wf/ xf] Tof] ;fj{hlgs k|;f/ 0f . ;fj{hlgs k|;f/ 0f, ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0f / Jofkfl/ s k|;f/ 0f u/ ] / dfq} ;du| k|;f/ 0f aG5 . tn, o;n] PkmPdsf] cg'dltkq lbg] , 6] lnlehgsf] cg'dltkq lbg] eGg'sf] cy{ t cfwf/ e"t cjwf/ 0ff g} k|i6 5} g . bf] ;|f] s'/ f, ;fj{hlgs k|;f/ 0fsf nflu ufpFkflnsf, gu/ kflnsfsf nflu dGqfnon] cg'dlt vf] n] sf] 5, s] Gb| ;/ sf/ n] t / ] l8of] / 6] lnlehg rnfpg' x'Fb} g . klAns ;le{;df nfg'k5{ eGg] dfu, ljZjel/ g} cEof; ePsf] a] nfdf, k|b] z, gu/ kflnsf, ufpFkflnsfdf cfkm\g} / ] l8of] x'Fbf Tof] … k|f] kf] ufG8f 6'nÚ eGbf afx] s s] xL x'Fb} g . ;/ sf/ km] l/ PlkR5] cf–cfkm\gf] s'/ fdf hfg] eGbf s] xL klg x'Fb} g . s] xL s'/ fx? s] Gb|Lo k|s[ltsf x'G5g\, h: tf] dfgj clwsf/ cfof] u x/ ] s k|b] zsf] cnu cnu x'Fb} g . k|] ; : jtGqtf x/ ] s k|b] zsf] cnu cnu x'Fb} g . k|b] zsf d: of} bf ljw] osdf t olt;Dd / flvPsf] 5 ls, Ohfht aGb ug] {, / f] Sg] ;Dd 5 . / dfOnf] slt;Dd 5 eg] , clxn] sf] / fli6«o k|;f/ 0f P] g @)$( sf] bkmf *, h;n] gjLs/ 0f / f] Sg ;Sg] eGg] 5, h;sf] @)^# ;fnd} gf/ fo0fbQ sF0f] nla?4 dlGqkl/ ifb\sf] d'2fdf ;jf] {Rr cbfntn] vf/ ] h ul/ ;s] sf] 5 . clxn] xfdL To: tf vfnsf a'Fbf klg / fv] / cufl8 cfO/ fv] sf 5f} + . k|;f/ 0f, k|] ; : jtGqtf, cGt/ f{li6«o ;lGw / cle;lGwåf/ f lgb] {lzt s'/ f xf] , o;sf] ljZjJofkL dfkb08 klg 5 .

cGt/ f{li6«o ;lGw / cle;lGwsf] kIf / fi6« ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ xf] . ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ n] ;d] t k|] ;nfO{ ;f] em} lgoGq0f ug'{x'Fb} g eg] / k|] ; sfplG;nsf] Joj: yf 5 . k|;f/ 0fsf nflu ljZjel/ / fli6«o k|;f/ 0f k|flws/ 0fsf cEof; 5g\ . oxfF t ufpFkflnsf, gu/ kflnsf, k|b] z ;a} n] tFnfO{ aGb u5'{, olt lbg aGb u5'{, of] sf/ afxL eg] / y/ L–y/ Lsf a'Fbf / fv] sf 5g\ . of] cfkm} +df cgf} 7f] 5 . lk|mSjoG;L cfO{l6o'n] ueg{ ug] { s'/ f xf] , of] ;/ sf/ sf] xftdf klg 5} g, cfO{l6o';Fu ;dGjo ug'{k5{ . b'ef{Uo, xfdLsxfF hlt klg Ohfht lbOPsf 5g\, cfO{l6o'df btf{ u/ ] / lbOPsf] 5} g . l5d] sL ef/ tn] cfO{l6o'df btf{ u/ ] / lbPsf] 5 . xfd|f ;Ldfdf 7"nf] ljjfb cfpFb} 5 . b'O{lt/ sf lk|mSjoG;L h'Wg yfln;Sof] , ha of] ljjfb

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cfO{l6o'df hfG5, p;sf] h'g btf{ 5, To;nfO{ dfGotf lbG5, csf] {nfO{ vf/ ] h u5{ . xfd|f w] / } / ] l8of] cdfGo x'g] vt/ f 5 . xfd|f gLltdf ;f] Rg'kg] { o: tf w] / } s'/ f 5g\ .

czf] s Jo~h', cWoIf, gu/ kflnsf ;+3

;a} eGbf klxn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ !* cf} + jif{ k|j] zsf cj;/ df z'esfdgf / ;Ddflgt JolQmTjnfO{ awfO{ lbg rfxG5' . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ljifodf hlt klg s'/ f cfPsf] 5, s] xL ljifodf : yfgLo ;/ sf/ klg hf] l8P/ cfPsf] x'gfn] : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf ljifodf k|i6 x'g cg'/ f] w ug{ rfxG5' . ;+ljwfgcg';f/ lk|mSjoG;L ;+3Lo ;/ sf/ n] g} lbg] xf] . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ nfO{ PkmPd / ] l8of] ;~rfngsf] Joj: yf u/ ] sf] 5 . o;y{ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] klg PkmPd / ] l8of] ;~rfng ug{ ;S5, t/ s] k|i6 x'g h?/ L 5 eg] , s'g} : yfgLo txn] / ] l8of] ;~rfng ubf{ ;fd'bflos jf lghL If] qsf / ] l8of] nfO{ s'g} cK7\of/ f] kb} {g . Tof] a'em\g] xf] eg] t ;/ sf/ n] ;~rfng u/ ] sf] / ] l8of] g] kfnsf] klg lj/ f] w ug} { k¥of] .

: yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] PkmPd ;~rfng ubf{ cfkm\gf gLlt, sfo{qmd, of] hgfdfq nfG5g\ eGg] a'emfO{ 5, Tof] x'g klg ;S5 . JolQmut ?kdf dnfO{ : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] / ] l8of] ;~rfng ug] { xf] Og, / ] l8of] ;d'bfon] , lghL If] qn] ;~rfng u/ ] sf] / fd|f] xf] eGg] nfU5 . : yfgLo txn] / ] l8of] ;~rfng ub} {df c? / ] l8of] sf] / f] lh/ f] 6L vf] l;G5 eGg] klg xf] Og . sf7df8f} + dxfgu/ kflnsfn] / ] l8of] rnfPsf] 5, To;sf/ 0fn] s'g} / ] l8of] t aGb ePsf 5} gg\ lg . xfdL cfhsf] ;dodf k|lt: kwf{Tds ?kdf s'/ f a'em\5f} + eg] xfd|f of] Uotf, Ifdtf, u'0f: t/ Lotf, kx'Fr s;/ L a9fpg] eGg] s'/ fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ . To;f] eof] eg] xfdL ;d'bfodf cfwfl/ t eP/ afFRg ;S5f} + . : yfgLo ;/ sf/ sf] PkmPd / ] l8of] ;~rfng P] g aGb} 5, gu/ kflnsf / gu/ kflnsf ;+3 sfddf Jojwfg Nofpg] vfnsf xf] Ogg\, xfdL ;fem] bf/ sf ?kdf ;dGjofTds ?kdf hfg ;S5f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] Jofj;flos Ifdtfsf ljifodf klg xfdLn] 5nkmn ug'{k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] eg] kl5 o;sf] d"No / dfGotf s] xf] , To;df xfdL 5f} + ls 5} gf} + < 5f} + eg] xfdL s;/ L hfg] eGg] 6'+uf] u/ f} + . JolQmut ?kdf d} n] klg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ glhsaf6 a'em] sf] 5' . xfd|f ldl8of tYo /

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;Tosf] cfwf/ df hfg] s'/ f, ljlwsf] zf;gdf / fHo Joj: yfnfO{ nfg] s'/ fdf xfd|f] e"ldsf x'g'k5{ ls kb} {g < h;n] h] klg eGg x'g] , af] Ng x'g] , sfo{qmd ug{ x'g] s'/ fn] : jtGqtfsf] gfddf c/ fhstf lgDTofpg ;S5, To;nfO{ / f] Sg xfdLn] : jcg'zfl;t eP/ hfg'k5{ . s;} n] k|Zg p7fpFb} df xfdL sdhf] / x'g] xf] Og, e"ldsf, Odfgbfl/ tf sdhf] / eof] eg] xfdL sdhf] / x'G5f} + . xfdL cfTdcg'zfl;t eP/ hfg] xf] eg] / ] l8of] sf r'gf} tLx? ;fdgf ug] { l: ylt klg aGg ;S5 . gu/ kflnsfx? ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu ;fem] bf/ L ug{ tof/ 5g\ . ;fem] bfl/ tf / ;dGjo ub} { cl3 a9f} + .

;'jf; vltj8f, cWoIf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ g] kfn

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;'? ePsf] @! jif{ ePsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ 0fdf cfpg'cl3sf ;+3if{sf syf klg y'k|} 5g\ . xfd|f cu|hx?n] w] / } d] xgt ug'{ePsf] 5 . g] kfndf / ] l8of] k|;f/ 0fnfO{ l;+xb/ af/ aflx/ hfg glbg] tfst;Fu ;+3if{ u/ ] / } ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] : yfkgf ePsf] xf] . PkmPkm / ] l8of] nfO{ htf;'s} v'Nnf ?kdf k|;f/ 0f ug{ lbFbf pl8/ x] sf x] lnsK6/ v: 5 eGg] e|d ;[hgf ul/ of] . To;sf afah'b cu|hx?sf] lg/ Gt/ sf] ;+3if{n] g] kfndf : jtGq ?kdf PkmPd / ] l8of] k|;f/ 0f yfngL eof] .

xfdL blIf0f Pl;ofdf PkmPd / ] l8of] k|;f/ 0f ug] { klxnf] d'n's aGg k'Uof} + . To;kl5 lghL PkmPd / ] l8of] klg : yfkgf eP . sf7df8f} + af6 ;'? ePsf] PkmPd / ] l8of] : yfkgfsf] nx/ ufpFufpF;Dd k'Uof] . ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/ 0fdf, ;d'bfosf] ljsf;df PkmPd / ] l8of] n] dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg lbP . oBlk, / ] l8of] sf] 7f] ; of] ubfgnfO{ : jLsfg{ sl7g eof] . cfhsf lbgdf klg PkmPd / ] l8of] sf sltko ;jfn lgSof} {n eO;s] sf 5} gg\ . clglZrttf / cGof} ntf clxn] klg 5g\ . xfdL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ sx?sf] kl/ jf/ ;+Vof al9/ x] sf] 5 . ;d'bfosf] : jfldTj, nufgL, ;lqmotf, cleJolQm : jtGqtf / ;d'bfosf] ;"rgfsf] xs;Fu hf] l8Psf] cfGbf] ngdf k|ToIf ?kdf hf] l8Psf xfdL t 5Fb} 5f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cleofgnfO{ oxfF;Dd Nofpg glhsaf6 z'e] R5f k|s6 ug'{ x'g] , ;xfge"lt / fVg' x'g] , sltko ;Gbe{df ;xof] u ug'{x'g] dxfg'efjsf] lgs} 7"nf] of] ubfg 5 .

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: yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ df d ;a} cu|h, ;xof] uL, z'elrGtsk|lt ;+3sf] tkm{af6 cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' . xfdL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3sf] g] t[Tj txdf 5f} +, oBlk xfdL klg olQs} g] t[Tj txdf cfPsf xf] Ogf} +, o;sf] k[i7e"lddf hfg'k5{, cfhsf] lbgdf d Tof] k[i7e"ld : d/ 0f ug{ rfxG5' . of] gful/ s : jtGqtfsf] , k|hftflGqs d"No / dfGotf;Fu hf] l8Psf] cleofg / cfGbf] ng klg xf] . d"nwf/ sf ;~rf/ dfWodn] sltkosf] cfjfh cfhsf] lbgdf klg ;d] 6\g ;s] sf 5} gf} +, pk] Iffdf k/ ] sf ljifoj: t'nfO{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfkm\gf] s] Gb|e"lddf / fVg'ePsf] 5 . o;f] elg/ xFbf sltko ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] / fd|f] ug{ ;s] sf 5} gg\, Sof;] 6 Kn] o/ h: tf] ePsf 5g\ eGg] s'/ f cfpnfg\, : jefljs ?kdf oL cfnf] rgf klg ;'Gg] w} o{tf xfdLn] / fVg'k5{ .

of] cfGbf] ngdf ;a} plQs} cAan, plQs} o;sf] d"No / dfGotfdf cl8s / x] / pleg ;s] sf 5g\ eGg] df xfdL klg 5} gf} + . o;sf lglDt xfd|f] tkm{af6 xfdLn] slt … Okmf] 6{Ú nufpg ;Sof} + t < xfdL;Fu o: tf] hgzlQm pTkfbg ug] { sltj6f ljBfno / ljZjljBfno 5g\ < / fHosf tkm{af6 Ifdtf / bIftf clej[l4sf nflu slt nufgL ul/ / x] sf 5f} + < xfdLn] h] s'/ f nufgL ul/ / x] sf 5f} +, To;s} k|ltkmn lg: s] xf] nf, Ogk'6 xfdLn] slt lbg ;s] sf 5f} + eGg] s'/ f klg cfpF5, ;fob xfdL of] ;} 4flGts ljifodf s] lGb|t x'g'k5{ . @)%$ ;fndf : jtGq PkmPd / ] l8of] sf] k|;f/ 0f ;'? eof] , @)&% ;fndf cfOk'Ubf;Dd lsg xfdLn] gLltut ?kdf ;Daf] wg ug{ ;s] gf} + t < ;/ sf/ x? ablnP, ;~rf/ dGqLx? ablng'eof] , ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3sf] tkm{af6 xfdLn] gd'gf sfg'g klg pxfFx?nfO{ k|: t't u¥of} + . xfdLn] sDtLdf klg ;fj{hlgs ;] jf k|;f/ 0f, lghL k|;f/ 0f / ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0f tLg} k|sf/ sf k|;f/ 0fnfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] {u/ L sfg'g NofpF eGof} +, tL s'/ f xfdL cfhsf lbgdf klg elg/ x] sf 5f} + . ha;Dd sfg'g cfpFb} g, Tof] a] nf;Dd xfdL s'/ f p7fO/ xG5f} + . xfdLn] j} 1flgs 9+uaf6 … lk|mSjoG;L Pnf] s] ;g KnfgÚ NofpF, tLg} k|sf/ sf k|;f/ 0fnfO{ lglZrt … lk|mSjoG;LÚ sf] c+z 5'6\ofpF, / fd|f] x'G5 eg] sf 5f} + .

xfdLleq ePsf / fd|f sfdnfO{ k|f] T;flxt klg ug'{kg] { 5 . Tof] kf6f] df xfdL r'ls/ x] sf 5f} + . cem} ;d'bfok|lt hjfkmb] xL aGg'kg] {, cem} ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / ;lqmotfnfO{ clej[l4 ug'{kg] { kf6f] df xfdL hfG5f} +, uO/ x] sf

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klg 5f} + . sfd ub} { hfFbf sdLsdhf] / L q'l6 cjZo ePsf 5g\ . q'l6af6 lzIff lnP/ u'0f: t/ Lo lx;faaf6 : yflkt ;d'bfosf] efjgfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub} { cufl8 a9\g] s'/ fdf k|lta4tf JoQm ug{ rfxG5f} + . xfdLn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu;Fu} ;fj{hlgs / lghL k|;f/ 0fnfO{ klg Jojl: yt x'g] u/ L sfg'gsf] ck] Iff u/ ] sf 5f} + . gofF 9+uaf6 cfd;~rf/ P] g cfpFb} u/ ] sf] cj: yfdf To;leq} o;nfO{ ;Daf] wg ubf{ xfdLnfO{ Gofo x'G5, csf] {tkm{ blIf0f Pl;ofdf Pp6f ;'gf} nf] Oltxf; ag] sf] 5, xfd|f] uf} / jk"0f{ ;+3if{ 5, c? d'n'sn] klg xfdLaf6 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cfGbf] ngsf ;Gbe{df pbfx/ 0f lbg] u/ ] sf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] {u/ L 5'§} gLlt, P] g cfof] eg] xfdL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;Gbe{df gd'gf b] zsf] ?kdf : yflkt x'g ;S5f} + . clxn] s;n] s] ul/ / x] sf] 5 eGg] cfwf/ df sfg'g aGg' x'Fb} g . xfdLn] s: tf] vfnsf] d"No dfGotfdf sfg'g agfpg] xf] , To;df : ki6 x'g'k5{ . xfd|f cu|hx? x'g'x'G5, / ] l8of] nfO{ dfof ug] { z'e] R5's klg x'g'x'G5 . ;fd'bflos ;+3;+: yfsf c? k|ltlglw klg oxfF x'g'x'G5 . xfdL ;'emfj ;+sng ug{ rfxG5f} + . xfdL ;Fu} 5f} +, gful/ s cfGbf] ngsf] cleofgnfO{ ;fF3'/ f] agfpg vf] lhof] eg] cGo ;fd'bflos cleofg km/ flsnf] x'g ;Qm} gg\ .

ch{'g lu/ L, jl/ i7 pkfWoIf, csf] / fa

csf] / fasf] !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;sf] cj;/ df ;Dk"0f{ cltly dxfg'efjx?nfO{ : jfut ug{ rfxG5' . P] g, sfg'gn] gaf] n] klg cGt/ f{li6«o cEof; lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf ;xsf/ L l8lehg sfof{nodf btf{, ljleGg ;fdflhs ;+3;+: yf;Fusf] ;fem] bf/ L, sfo{qmd / ljifoj: t'sf cfwf/ df g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cleofgn] / fli6«odfq} geP/ cGt/ f{li6«o : t/ df klg s] xL ;Gb] z lbPsf 5f} + . g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] ;fdflhs ?kfGt/ 0fsf ;jfndf v] n] sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf ljZj: t/ df cg's/ 0fLo 5 . g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rfng ljlwsf ;jfn cGo b] zx?n] ;d] t cg's/ 0f ul/ / x] sf] cj: yf 5 . lj8Dagf, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] @! jif{ kf/ ul/ / xFbf gLltut ;jfndf xfdL clNemPsf 5f+} . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cleofg?kL ofqf Ps k|sf/ n] u|fe] n af6f] d} cl3

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al9/ x] sf] 5 . ljutsf lbgdf klg k|of; gePsf xf] Ogg\, t/ gLltut ;jfndf xfdL clNemPsf 5f} + . sltko ;jfndf nHhfsf] cj: yf 5 . / f] oN6L / gjLs/ 0fsf bf} / fgdf xfdLnfO{ a|] s nfUg] u/ ] sf] 5, xfdL o: tf a|] saf6 pGd'lQm rfxG5f} + . xfnsf ;~rf/ dGqLHo"s} kfnfdf, b'O{ n] g xf] Og, rf/ n] g xf] Og, 5 n] gsf] ;'ljwf ;DkGg ;"rgfsf] / fhdfu{df b|'t ?kdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cleofgnfO{ Pp6f uGtJodf k'¥ofpg] ck] Iff 5 .

lr/ GhLjL vgfn, k|d'v, kqsfl/ tf tyf cfd;~rf/ ljefu, lqlj

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3nfO{ !* cf} + jif{ k|j] zsf cj;/ df awfO{ . of] cj;/ sf nflu wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;'?cft xfdLn] yfxf kfof} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] Oltxf; / 3' d} gfnL x'g'x'G5, pxfFn] eGg ;Sg'x'G5, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] k|ljlwsf] km8\sf] af/ ] pk] Gb| cof{n / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] gLltut of] hgfdf dLgaxfb'/ zfxLn] eGg ;Sg'x'G5 . w] / } x'g'x'G5, d} n] k|ltlglwsf ?kdf dfq} eg] sf] x'F . PkmPd / ] l8of] sf] ;'?cft ;~rf/ sf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{sf nflu ePsf] Oltxf; 5 . hgr] tgf, ;"rgf, lzIff / dgf] / ~hgsf nflu o;sf] k|of] u x'Fb} cfPsf] kfOG5 . / fhgLlts sf/ 0fn] km/ skm/ s tl/ sfn] ljsl;t klg x'Fb} cfP . xfd|f] of] e"lddf xfdLn] PkmPdsf] ;'?cft / k|of] u km/ s ?kdf u/ ] sf 5f} + . ;+;f/ sf c? b] zn] u/ ] sf] eGbf km/ s ePsf] x'gfn] cfh xfd|f] of] If] qnfO{ x] g] { b[li6sf] 0f klg km/ s 5 . sfg'gn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] oL x'g\ eg] / lrGg ;s] sf] 5} g . o;df ;+3if{ cem} sfod} 5 .

ljsl;t d'n'sdf xfdL klg hfG5f} +, oxfF ePsf clwsf+z ;fyLx? hfg'x'G5, d} n] x] bf{ cd] l/ sf, o'/ f] kh: tf 7fpFdf s[ifssf sfg'g s[ifsn] g} agfpF5g\, ldl8ofsf] sfg'g ldl8of ;Da4n] agfpF5g\ . ;/ sf/ n] ;xhLs/ 0f u5{, ;+;b\n] 5nkmn u/ ] / kfl/ t u5{ . xfd|f] df s] pN6f] ePsf] 5 eg] , sfg'g agfpg] sfg'g k9\g] n] u5{g\ eg] / b'ljwf NofOPsf] 5 . hf] h'g If] qdf 5, ToxL If] qsf dflg;n] ug'{k5{ . sfg'g k9\g] n] To;sf] JofVof u5{g\, ;+;f/ sf] lgod . xfdLn] xfd|f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf nflu s: tf] sfg'g agfpg] eg] / ax; rnfO/ xFbf To;df ;/ sf/ n] ;xhLs/ 0f u5{ . stf

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;

88

stf ;'lgG5, of] ;/ sf/ n] s8f vfnsf] sfg'g NofpFb} 5, : jtGqtfnfO{ xgg ub} {5, clxn] ;Dd rn] sf] jfs : jtGqtf g} of] ;/ sf/ n] vQd ul/ lbG5 eGg] vfnsf cfz+sf aflx/ cfpF5g\, d of] ljåt\ ;d"xnfO{ s] eG5' eg] , 9'Ss eP/ ;'Gg'xf] ;\, of] ;/ sf/ n] … lk|m8d ckm PS;k|] ;gÚ slxNo} ;+s'rg ug{ ;Qm} g . ub} {g klg, ug] { lgot klg 5} g xf] nf eG5' .

a9L jsfnt u¥of] eGg'xf] nf, xfd|f] ;+ljwfgn] g} xfdLnfO{ : jtGqtfsf] Uof/ ] G6L lbO;s] sf] 5 . of] ;/ sf/ klg ;+ljwfgcGtu{t g} ag] sf] / xfdL ;a} n] ;+ljwfg dfg] sf] x'gfn] 9'Ss ;fy xfdLn] eGg'k5{, s;} n] klg xfd|f] : jtGqtf vf] : g ;Qm} g . t/ o;nfO{ clnslt Jojl: yt ug'{k5{ . sfg'gljb\x?n] ldl8ofnfO{ / ] u'n] 6 ug'{k5{ eG5g\, xfdL ldl8ofnfO{ Jojl: yt ug'{k5{ eG5f} + . ldl8ofsf PS;k6{ / sfg'gaLrsf] km/ s ToxfFg] / 5 . sfg'gL P+undf hfg'eof] eg] ldl8ofnfO{ lgoGq0fsf] af6f] df hfg] ;Defjgf a9L x'g;S5 . ldl8ofsf] P+undf hfg'eof] eg] ;+ljwfgsf] l: kl/ 6 cufl8 a9\5 . ldl8ofnfO{ / ] u'n] 6 ug] { xf] Og Jojl: yt ug] { xf] . clxn] ldl8of, xfdLn] x] bf{ klg cln cJojl: yt x'g vf] h] sf x'g\ ls eGg] nfU5, t/ ;+ljwfgcg';f/ uof} + eg] ldl8of Jojl: yt x'g a] / nfUb} g . ldl8of P+unaf6 ;+;f/ sf / fd|f ;+ljwfgdf xfd|f] ;+ljwfg klg k5{ .

ldl8ofdf r'gf} tL 5, ldl8ofleq Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmd sd x'g yfn] sf 5g\ . bIftfsf s'/ f hlxNo} cl3 ;fl/ / xg'k5{ . gk9L / ga'emL ldl8ofdf sfd ug{ ;lsFb} g . ldl8ofsf ljkIfdf ;d"xx? w] / } 5g\ . xfd|f] ldl8ofn] cem} / fd|f] ug'{k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;d"x klg ;dfhsf] lhDd] jf/ txdf hfG5, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] : yfgLo / ] l8of] x? x'g\ . : yfgLo sG6] G6nfO{ cl3 a9fpg] ePsfn] lk|mSjoG;L slt;DdnfO{ : yfoL dfGg] , lgSof} {n u/ ] / Tolt;DdnfO{ sfg'gL ?kd} / f] oN6L lgMz'Ns ug{ ;lsG5 . lk|mSjoG;L slteGbf dfly / f] oN6L lng] eg] / tf] lsg'k5{ . / f] oN6L lng'k5{, lsg eg] : k] ; t ;Lldt 5 . Doflkª klg ug'{k5{ . xfd|f ljZjljBfnon] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ljifonfO{ kf7\oqmdd} / fv] / cl3 a9\g vf] lh/ fv] sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;d'bfosf] cfjZostfsf] ?kdf cl3 al9;s] sf] x'gfn] ljZjljBfno o; ljifodf Psbd} ;hs 9+un] cl3 al9/ fv] sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax;

89

ef/ tL kf7s, cWoIf, ;fd'bflos jg pkef] Qmf dxf;+3

csf] / fanfO{ !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;sf] z'esfdgf . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;'?cftsf ljifodf hfGg kfOof] . ;/ sf/ n] sltko sfg'g ;+zf] wg / gofF sfg'g lgdf{0f ul/ / x] sfn] of] 5nkmn dxTjk"0f{ x'g] ljZjf; 5 . g] kfndf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;fd'bflos ;+u7g cAan ?kdf cufl8 a9] sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;fd'bflos jg, ;xsf/ L / tNnf] txdf sfd ug] { ;+u7gx?n] cfkm"nfO{ cAan b] vfPsf 5g\ . b] zdf / fhgLlts lx;fan] sl7g kl/ l: yltsf a] nf ;fd'bflos ;+u7gn] v] n] sf e"ldsfaf/ ] ;/ sf/ cglj1 5 h: tf] nfUb} g . sfg'g / gLlt aGg] ;Gbe{df tL ;+u7gsf] dd{, pgLx?n] v] n] sf] e"ldsfnfO{ la;{g] eGg] x'Fb} g . ;fgf] cg'ej hf] 8\g rfxG5', @)%) ;fndf dsjfgk'/ sf] Pp6f ufpFdf lyof} + xfdL . Tolta] nf af9L cfpFbf g t s'g} ;"rgf k'UYof] , g t cfpg] cj: yf klg lyof] . xfdL cglj1 lyof} + . clxn] ufpFdf k|To] s ls;fgsf 3/ df / ] l8of] x'G5 .

;/ sf/ n] u/ ] sf lg0f{o, / fd|f sfdsf ljifodf ls;fgnfO{ ;"rgf lbg] , pgLx?sf lk/ dsf{ NofOlbg] sfd log} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] , ;fd'bflos ;+u7gn] u/ ] sf 5g\ . / fHon] ug] { sfddf 6] jf lbgsf nflu ;fd'bflos ;+u7gn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] n]sf x'g\ eGg] nfU5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] xf] ;\ jf ;fd'bflos jg jf ;xsf/ Lsf] , sfg'g agfpg] sfd ltg} ;+u7gsf k|ltlglwn] ug'{k5{ . ;/ sf/ n] ;xhLs/ 0f ul/ lbg'k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ h: t} dsf{ ;fd'bflos jgnfO{ klg 5 . ;] jf ug] { lx;fan] @@ xhf/ eGbf a9L ;fd'bflos jg cl3 al9/ fv] sf 5g\ . ;a} h;f] dGqfnosf cfFvf ;fd'bflos jgd} 5, xfdLn] ljleGg lgsfodf u/ L &) k|ltzt;Dd s/ ltg{'k/ ] sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfkm\gf] ;Fu;Fu} cGo ;fd'bflos ;+u7gsf ljifodf klg gLltut ax; ug] { ljZjf; 5 .

/ jLGb| e§/ fO{, clwjQmf

cfw'lgs dfgj clwsf/ d} qL / fHok|0ffnLsf rf/ j6f bfloTj x'G5g\, klxnf] k|] / 0ff / kl/ k"lt{sf] sfd, bf] ;|f] ;xhLs/ 0fsf] sfd, t] ;|f] lgodgsf] sfd, rf} yf] lgoGq0fsf] sfd ug'{k5{ . Psflwsf/ df ljZjf; ug] {n] dfq}

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

;

90

lgoGq0fnfO{ s] Gb|ljGb'df / fV5 / afFsL tLgj6f s'/ fnfO{ jf: tf ub} {g . xfd|f] ;/ sf/ To: tf] tl/ sfn] ghfg] ePsfn] k|] / 0ff / kl/ k"lt{ ug'{kg] { ljifodf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf s] s] 5g\, Tof] s'/ fnfO{ x] l/ g'k5{ . ;xhLs/ 0f ug] { csf] { dxTjk"0f{ s'/ f xf] . lgodgsf] s'/ fdf, x/ ] s jif{ gjLs/ 0f ug'{kg] { cj: yf 5 . xfd|f] ef] 6n] pxfFx?nfO{ kfFr jif{;Dd kbdf a: g lbg] , xfdLn] u/ ] sf] sfdsf] Ps–Ps jif{df lx;fa a'emfpg'kg] { < kfFr} jif{ zf;g ug{ rfxg'ePsfn] ca ljrf/ ug'{x'G5 eGg] 7fg] sf] 5' . lgoGq0f eg] sf] lrh ldl8ofdf sd} nfUg} / x] 5 . ;"rgfnfO{ c+s'z nfpg ;lsFb} g . cln a9L hf] 8 ;xhLs/ 0f / lgodgdf xf] ;\ eGg] cfu|x / fV5' . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfkm"nfO{ ;fd'bflos ;"rgf s] Gb|sf ?kdf ljsf; ug'{k5{ .

cf/ ;L nfld5fg] , k"j{ sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs, csf] / fa

@! cf} + ztfAbLdf b] znfO{ wgL agfpg' 5 eg] xfdLn] 1fgsf] bfo/ fnfO{ km/ flsnf] kfg'{k5{ . juL{o lx;fan] ;a} eGbf kl5 / x] sf gful/ ssf] ;"rgfsf] ;|f] t s] xf] < tL gful/ snfO{ / fHon] nufgL u/ ] / ;"rgf lbg] xf] eg] s;/ L lbG5 < olb d x'Dnfdf x'Gy] + eg] dnfO{ / fHon] s;/ L ;"rgf lbGYof] < ul/ aLsf] / ] vfd'lgsf hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] ;|f] t ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ / fHon] s] u5{ < lgjf{rg cfof] un] ut lgjf{rgsf] ab/ dtsf ljifodf Pp6f k|ltj] bg lgsfn] sf] 5 . p;n] kDNk] 6, kf] : 6/ k|sfzg u/ ] / b] ze/ k7fof] , of] Gofo xf] ls cGofo xf] < ;/ sf/ L tYof+scg';f/ g] kfndf ^% k|ltzt gful/ sdfq} ;fIf/ 5g\ clg s;/ L ztk|ltzt hgtfn] ;"rgf kfpg ;S5g\ < g] kfnL efiff a'em\g] g] kfnL %^ k|ltztdfq} 5g\ . d} n] g] kfnL efiff a'em\b} g lyPF eg] / fHon] s;/ L ;"rgf lbGYof] < ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] ^% eGbf a9L efiffdf ;"rgf k|;f/ 0f u/ ] / ;';"lrt u/ ] sf] s'/ fnfO{ la;{g' ePg . dfggLo dGqLHo"sf] s] xL u/ f} + eGg] x'6x'6Lk|lt d] / f] pRr ;Ddfg 5, ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf 5, t/ k|lqmof ldln/ x] sf] 5} g . tkfO{n] klg a] jf: tf ug'{eof] eg] csf] { @) jif{;Dd s] xL x'Fb} g . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Gyfnb] lv ljljw &@ efiffdf ;"rgf k|jfx u/ ] / cNk;+Vos gful/ snfO{ cfTd;Ddfg hufpg] dfWod ePsf] 5 . gLlt lgdf{0f txaf6 Psbd} e2f dhfs eO/ x] sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{ ;a} eGbf kl5 k/ ] sf gful/ snfO{ ;zQmLs/ 0f u5f} {+

;fd'bflos

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gLlt

ut

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91

elg/ x] sf 5g\, g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] xfdL ;dfhjfb pGd'v / fHo Joj: yf eG5 t/ xfd|f] lgod, gLlt sfg'g ldln/ x] sf] 5} g . tkfO{ cfzfsf] s] Gb| x'g'x'G5, o;nfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf lnOlbg'xf] nf .

kb\dk|;fb vltj8f, dxf;lrj, dfgj clwsf/ PnfOG;

xfdL / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 nfdf] ;dob] lv ;xsfo{ ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . ;fdflhs ;+: yfnfO{ lgodg ug] { sfg'g alg/ x] sf] 5 . o;df hlt ax; x'g'kg] { xf] , 3lge"t ax; x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . sfg'g ;DalGwt If] qaf6 d: of} bf ul/ g'k5{, t/ sd{rf/ Laf6 eO/ x] sf 5g\ . ;fdflhs ;+3;+: yf P] g @)&% df cGt/ ;/ sf/ L, låkIfLo, ax'kIfLo ;a} cGt/ f{li6«o u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yf x'g\ eGg] 9+uaf6 of] ljw] os alg/ x] sf] cj: yf 5 . xfdLn] uDeL/ ?kn] Wofgfsif{0f u / fO / x] sf 5f} + . ;fy} o;sf] lgodg ug] { lgsfosf] : jtGqtfsf] s'/ f xfdL p7fO/ x] sf 5f} +, clxn] Tof] : jtGqtf s'l07t x'g] xf] ls eGg] 8/ nflu/ x] sf] x'gfn] 3lge"t 5nkmn xf] ;\ eGg] xfd|f] cfu|x xf] .

hf] u/ fh lu/ L, cWoIf, kfl/ jfl/ s lghL jg ;+3

clxn] l;+xb/ af/ , ;+3 / k|b] zdf cl8\sPsf] 5 . : yfgLo txdf k'Ug ;s] sf] 5} g . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ljifodf / 3' d} gfnLsf] egfO;Fu ;xdt 5' . gLltsf] cefj / s/ k|0ffnLh: tf ljifon] no efsf kl/ jt{g ePsf 5g\ . no / efsf ljlhg] ; xfp;x?n] sAhf ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] l6Sgsf nflu Jofkfl/ s u[xnfO{ u'xfg'{ kg] { afWotf 5 . x/ ] s dGqfnodf gLlt lgdf{0fsf] ljifodf sd{rf/ LtGq xfjL ePsf] 5, sd{rf/ LtGqn] sfg'gdf kfj/ xf] N8 ug] { 7fpF vf] lh/ x] sf] k|lt hgk|ltlglw ;r] t x'g'k5{ .

zDe' b'nfn, dxf;lrj, l;+rfO, hn pkef] Qmf dxf;+3

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 / cfj4 ;b: ox?nfO{ !* cf} + : yfkgf lbj;df z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . ljleGg If] qsf] gLltsf ljifodf ax; eO/ xFbf ;DalGwt If] qn] g} gLltsf] d: of} bf agfpg'k5{ eGg] lr/ ~hLjL vgfnsf] ljrf/ nfO{ ;dy{g ug{ rfxG5' . ;/ sf/ n] … ;d[4 g] kfn, ;'vL g] kfnLÚ sf] gf/ f NofPsf] 5 . xfd|f ;|f] tsf] clwstd k|of] uaf6 dfq}

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

;

92

of] s'/ f ;Dej 5 . hldg, kfgL, l;+rfO Joj: yfkgsf ljifodf Wofg lbOg'k5{ . ;fd'bflos ;+u7gx?n] p7fPsf cfjfhnfO{ gLltdf / fVg ;/ sf/ n] sGh': ofOF ug{' x'Fb} g .

8f= ;'/ ] z cfrfo{, kqsf/

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ljifodf, sf] ;fd'bflos xf} + / sf] xf] Ogf} + eGg] k|Zg xfd|f;fd' v8f 5 . sfg'gL ?kdf xfdLnfO{ ;fd'bflossf] dfGotf lbnfOlbg' k¥of] eg] / dfu ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . t/ xfdLn] ;~rfng u/ ] sf cfkm\g} ldl8of ;fd'bflos x'g\ ls xf] Ogg\, s'g ?kdf 5g\ < eg] / kms] {/ cfkm} +nfO{ x] g'{kg] { cj: yf klg 5 . d ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ljBfyL{ x'F, d} n] u/ ] sf] cWoogn] To: tf] b] vfPg, d] / f] cWoog kfFr jif{ k'/ fgf] klg eO;Sof] .

To;df ;'wf/ cfPsf] ePb] lv d cBfjlws gePsf] x'g;S5' . g] kfndf h'g vfnsf PkmPdx? ;~rfngdf 5g\, tL PkmPdx?nfO{ juL{s/ 0f u/ ] / / fHon] s;/ L Jojxf/ ug] { eGg] s'/ f h?/ L 5 . sG6] G6sf lx;fan] , / fHon] lbg] ;] jf ;'ljwfsf] lx;fan] juL{s/ 0f h?/ L 5 . / ] l8of] sf] juL{s/ 0f ubf{ Jofkfl/ s, z} lIfs jf s'g} eg] / juL{s/ 0f ubf{ / fd|f] x'G5 . ;Fu} , nfO;] G;sf] cjlw klg tf] Sg'k5{ . Psk6s lbPkl5 ;lsof] eGg] cj: yf 5, To;sf] cGTo ug} { k5{ . of] s'/ f p7fpgsf

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax;

93

nflu p7fpg] , ;'gfpgsf nflu ;'gfpg] dfq} h: tf] eO/ fv] sf] 5 . oxfF xfdL hlt klg 5f} +, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ljifodf ga'em] / ;'gfpg' kl/ / fv] sf] xf] Og . dGqL, k"j{dGqLb] lv ljsf; ;ldltsf ;f+;bHo"x?, ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;Fu s'g} g s'g} ?kn] hf] l8Psfx? ;a} o; ljifodf hfgsf/ 5f} + . s] xL k|Zg cfP, Jofkfl/ s lj>fd ls nf] ssNof0fsf/ L ;"rgfsf nflu lj>fd eGg] 5 . csf] / fa cdfs{sf] klg ;b: o xf] , cdfs{ / o'g] : sf] n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] af/ ] : ki6 kl/ eflift u/ ] sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ;d'bfosf sfo{qmd ahfpg'k5{, t/ xfdL Tof] 9+uaf6 x's] {sf 5} gf} + .

ax;sf d'Vo pknlAw / lgisif{

g] kfn blIf0f Pl;ofdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rfng ug{] klxnf] b] z xf] . xfn b] ze/ # ;o $% ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] csf] / fadf cfa4 5g\ . d'n'ssf] gLltlgd{f0fdf cfjfh p7fpg] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cfkm\g} 5'§} gLlt gx'Fbf cK7\of/ f] df 5g\ . o: tf] cj: yfdf cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] gLltut ax;n] ;/ sf/ , ;+;b\ / ;a} ;/ f] sf/ jfnfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fPsf] 5 . gofF ;+ljwfg ag] kl5 ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf] r/ 0fdf tLg} txsf ;/ sf/ n] gLlt lgdf{0fsf sfd ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . sfg'gsf] d: of} bf ug{] ;dodf sfg'g lgdf{tfsf] ;d] t ;xeflutfdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;DaGwL ljifo s] lGb|t 5nkmn ;sf/ fTds / pknlAw d"ns eof] . ;/ f] sf/ jfnf ;a} kIfnfO{ / fv] / ul/ Psf] ax;n] cfufdL lbgdf cfd;~rf/ ;DaGwL P] g sfg'g lgdf{0f ubf{ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf cfwf/ e"t ;jfn ;dfj] z u/ fpg d2t k'Ug] ] ck] Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljefuLo dGqL, ;+;b\sf] sfg'g Gofo tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf ;efklt, ;f+;bx?, gful/ s ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, ;fd'bflos / ] l8ofsdL{ ;a} ;fd' ul/ Psf] ax;n] gLlt agfpg] ljifonfO{ uDeL/ tf;fy lnOg' / gLlt NofOg] k|lta4tf hgfOg' sfo{qmdsf] pknlAw dflgPsf] 5 . k|;f/ 0f P] g @)$( cg';f/ b] zsf ;a} / ] l8of] ;~rfng / lgodg eO/ x] sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] : yfkgf k|lqmof, nlIft ;d'bfo, ;xeflutfsf cfwf/ df ;sf/ fTds lje] b\ u/ L / fHon] 5'§} gLlt agfpg'kg{] dfusf]

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

;

94

;Daf] wg x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] cEof; ljZjn] cg';/ 0f ug{ yfln;s] sf] cj: yfdf g] kfndf 5'§} gLlt aGg g;s] sf] tkm{ ;/ sf/ sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fOPsf] 5 .

o;sf ;fy} csf]/fan] cfkm\gf] cleofgnfO{ d"t{?k lbgsf nflu cfufdL lbgdf k|ltlgklw;ef ljsf; ;ldlt tyf sfg'g ;ldltsf ;f+;b;Fu JolQmut tyf ;fd"lxs 5nkmnnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]5 . To;}u/L ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf cleoGtf tyf ;/ f] sf/ jfnf;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGt/ lqmof ug]{ / To;sf cfwf/df csf]/fasf] tkm{af6 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;DaGwL gLlt tyf P] gsf] d: of} bf tof/ kfg] { / g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf k]z ug]{ ;d]t csf]/fasf] of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax;

95

;fdflhs ax'ntf / ljljwtf ;+j4{g

;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf cflbjf;L hghflt

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

;

96

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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97

k[i7e"ld

g]kfn, efiff, ;+:s[lt, wd{, k/Dk/f / ef}uf]lns lx;fan] ljljwtf af]s]sf] d'n's xf] . of] !@% hftLo ;d"xsf] ;femf 3/ xf], hxfF !@# j6f efiff af]lnG5 . b]zsf] k"j{b]lv klZrd jf pQ/b]lv blIf0fsf] ofqfdf x/]s tLg 306fdf ;+:s[lt e"uf]n / efiffsf] km/skg kfOG5 . o; k|sf/sf] ljzfn ljljwtf / IfdtfnfO{ Ps} lsl;dsf] gLlt, efiff jf /0fgLltleq c6fpg ;Dej 5}g . kl5Nnf] tYof+scg';f/ b]zsf] s'n hg;+VofdWo] ^%=( k|ltzt gful/sdfq} ;fIf/ 5g\ . cem dlxnfsf] ;fIf/tf t k|ltzt %& k|ltztdfq} 5 . b]zdf ;~rflnt cGo ;~rf/dfWod zx/L / ljsl;t If]qeGbf aflx/ hfg g;ls/x]sf] a]nf lzIff / hgr]tgfdfkm{t ;fdflhs ;zQmLs/0fsf vflt/ :yfkgf ePsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] cfjfhn] b]zsf ;a} hg;+VofnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x? u|fdL0f e]udf lglj{sNk ;~rf/dfWodsf] ?kdf /x]sf 5g\, b'O{ bzsotf u|fdL0f hgtfnfO{ /fHo;Fu hf]8\g] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . b]zdf af]lng] &) eGbf a9L efiffdf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f u/]/ g]kfndf ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] oxfFsf] ax'ntf / ljljwtfnfO{ ljlzi6 ta/n] ;Daf]wg ul//x]sf 5g\ .

clwsf+z cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfodf lg/If/tfsf] b/ pRr /x]sfn] pgLx?nfO{ 5fkf dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ sl7g 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ef}uf]lns ?kn] kl5 k/]sf :yfgx?df ljleGg hfltut ;d"xx? / ljz]ifu/L h]i7 gful/sx?n] cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdfq} jf Psdfq} efiff af]Ng] / a'em\g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodn] cGo efiffdf k|;f/0f ug]{ dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgf Tof] hg;+Vof;Dd k'Ug d'l:sn 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] zlQm eg]s} o;sf] k|;f/0f ;a} u|fdL0f If]qx?df k'Ug' xf] . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/L :yfgLo:t/df af]lng] efiffdf sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ pTkfbg / k|;f/0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . o:t} ;d'bfo:t/af6} cfkm\g} efiffdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] ;'ljwf k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;d'bfosf] ;xh kx'Fr

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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;

98

/ cfkm\g} efiffdf sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;'ljwfn] pgLx?sf] ;+:s[lt, d"No, dfGotf / ljZjf; k|0ffnLnfO{ a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] Oltxf;d} klxnf]k6s, csf]/fan] ;fdflhs ax'ntf / ljljwtf k|j4{gsf] ljifo / To;df klg cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff, snf, ;+:s[ltsf] k|j4{gdfk{mt ;zQmLs/0f nflu of]ubfg ug]{ p2]Zon] k|b]z g+ ! sf] wgs'6f, lxn]df @)&^ ;fn h]7 !) / !! ut] -d] @$ / @%, @)!(_ /fli6«o:t/sf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf ljifo tyf ;xeflutf

cflbjf;Lx?sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL / fi6«;+3Lo 3f] if0ffkq @))& sf] wf/ f !^=! n] cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ cfkm\g} efiffdf cfkm\g} ;~rf/ dfWod : yfkgf ug] { clwsf/ / cGo ;~rf/ dfWoddf lagfe] b\efj kx'Frsf] clwsf/ sf] JofVof u/ ] sf] 5 . o: t} wf/ f !^=@ df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;f+: s[lts ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltljlDat ug] ] { sfd ;'lglZrt ug{ k|efjsf/ L pkfPx? ckgfpg] s'/ f pNn] v ul/ Psf] 5 . o: t} lagfk"jf{u|x jfs : jtGqtfsf] k|Tofe"lt ug] {, lghL: t/ af6 ;~rflnt ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;f+: s[lts ljljwtfnfO{ k|sfzg, k|;f/ 0f ug] { sfddf k|f] T;fxg ug] { ljifo ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5 .

;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3n] cflbjf;L hghfltn] af] Ng] efiffk|lt ljZjsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpFb} o;sf] ;+/ If0f, k|rf/ k|;f/ / nf] kf] Gd'v efiffx?nfO{ k'ghL{ljt ug{, … lbuf] ljsf;, zflGt / d] nldnfksf nflu efiffÚ eGg] gf/ f;lxt ;g\ @)!( nfO{ ;+;f/ e/ sf cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] cGt/ f{li6«o efiff jif{ 3f] if0ff u/ L dgfO/ xsf] 5 . p;n] cfkm\gf ;b: o / fi6«x?nfO{ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;+/ If0f, pgLx?sf] clwsf/ sf k|Tofe"lt ug{] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0fsf nflu / fli6«o, cGt/ f{li6«o txdf 3r3RofO/ x] sf] 5 .

g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cleJolQm : jtGqtf;DaGwL clwsf/ sf] / Iffy{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] ln/ x] sf 5g\ . cflbjf;L hghfltsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;a} eGbf kx'Frof] Uo d~r

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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99

xf] . w] / } cflbjf;L hghfltsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cfkm\gf] efiff, ;+: s[lt, e"ld, k|fs[lts / clwsf/ / Iffsf nflu pko'Qm ;fwg x'g\ .

clwsf+z cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfodf lg/ If/ tfsf] b/ pRr / x] sfn] pgLx?nfO{ 5fkf dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ sl7g 5 . b'u{d : yfgsf cflbjf;L hghflt, ljz] ifu/ L h] i7 gful/ sx?n] cfkm\gf] dft[efiffdfq} jf Psdfq} efiff af] Ng] / a'em\g] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . d"nwf/ sf ;~rf/ dfWodn] cGo efiffdf k|;f/ 0f ug] { dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgf Tof] hg;+Vof;Dd k'Ug d'l: sn 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] zlQm eg] s} o;sf] k|;f/ 0f ;a} u|fdL0f If] qx?df k'Ug' xf] . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/ L : yfgLo: t/ df af] lng] efiffdf sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ pTkfbg / k|;f/ 0f ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . o: t} ;d'bfo: t/ af6} cfkm\g} efiffdf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{] ;'ljwf k|bfg u/ ] sf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df ;d'bfosf] ;xh kx'Fr / cfkm\g} efiffdf sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf] ;'ljwfn] pgLx?sf] ;+: s[lt, d"NodfGotf / ljZjf; k|0ffnLnfO{ a9fpg] sfd u/ ] sf] 5 . b] zdf af] lng] ^% eGbf a9L efiffdf r] tgfd"ns sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ k|;f/ 0f u/ ] / g] kfndf ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] oxfFsf] ljljwtfnfO{ ljlzi6 tj/ n] ;Daf] wg ul/ / x] sf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf cflbjf;L hghflt / fli6«o k/ fdz{sf] cf} lrTo

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ g] kfnn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?;Fu hf] 8] / ljleGg ljifoj: t'df lgoldt 9+un] / fli6«o: t/ sf ;Dd] ng ub} { cfO/ x] sf] 5 . o: tf sfo{qmd ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ;d: of, gofF kl/ l: yltdf b] vf k/ ] sf ;jfnsf ljifodf 5nkmn ug] {, cfkm\gf ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg ug] {, gjLgtd\ pkfox?df ax; ug] { d~r x'g] u5{g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] Oltxf;d} klxnf] k6s, csf] / fan] … cflbjf;L hghfltsf] pTyfgsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsfÚ ljifonfO{ s] Gb|df / fv] / / fli6«o: t/ sf] sfo{qmd u/ ] sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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;

100

of] k/ fdz{n] ;xefuLnfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodaf6 k|;f/ 0f ul/ g] ;Gb] zx?sf] k|fyldsLs/ 0fnfO{ / fhgLlts Ph] 08faf6 ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs, ;f+: s[lts / cfly{s kIfdf kl/ jt{g ug{ k|] l/ t u/ ] sf] ck] Iff 5 . o: t} ;dfgtf j[l4sf nflu ul/ Psf sfdsf] pTs[i6 cEof; / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] tyf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodn] u/ ] sf c;n kxnsbdLsf ljifodf ePsf 5nkmnn] / ] l8of] / ] l8of] aLrsf] l;sfO klg ePsf] 5 . eljiodf ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fsf] k|fyldsLs/ 0f, gofF b[li6sf] 0f, ljrf/ / dfGotfsf ljifodf ePsf] ax; / ag] sf] sfo{of] hgf tyf lxn] 3f] if0ffkqn] dfu{lgb] {z u/ ] sf] 5 . ;xefuLx?aLr lsg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf / fVg'k5{ < s;/ L o: tf ;d"xsf] ;xeflutf / ckgTj a9fpg ;lsG5 < nufotsf ljifodf a'emfO km/ flsnf] ePsf] 5 . k|;fl/ t ;fdu|L, To;df ;+nUg hgzlQmsf] lbuf] kgf, >f] tfsf] ckgTjh: tf ljifodf ljx+ud ax; cfjZostf b] lvPkl5 sfo{qmd cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] xf] .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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101

pb\3f6g ;q

pb\3f6g;qdf JoQm wf/ 0ff

k|d'v cltly k|b] z g+ ! sf d'VodGqL z] / wg / fO{

ljljwtf af] s] sf] xfd|f] b] z g] kfnsf ;a} ;d'bfodf k|efjsf/ L 9+un] k'Ug] ;fdflhs pQ/ bflosTjsf] af] w u/ ] / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3n] olt dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/ ] sf] df v';L JoQm ug{ rfxG5', csf] / fanfO{ wGojfb . csf] / fasf w] / } sfo{qmdx?df d} n] efu lnFb} cfPsf] 5', ;~rf/ dGqL x'Fbf klg w] / } j6f sfo{qmddf ;fd] n ePF, To;kl5 klg d oxfFx?;Fu ;Fu;Fu} 5' .

cfd;~rf/ dfWodx?dWo] / ] l8of] ;a} eGbf k|efjsf/ L dfWod xf] eGg] s'/ fdf d} n] w] / } af] ln/ xg' kb} {g . of] gful/ ssf] kx'Frdf 5, ;/ n / ;a} eGbf l56f] clg e/ kbf] { klg 5 . xfd|f] h: tf] ax'ntf / ljljwtfo'Qm ;dfhdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf / xG5 . ;d'bfonfO{ s] Gb|efudf / fv] / gful/ snfO{ ;';"lrt u/ fpg] , hfu?s, ;zQmLs/ 0f ug] { lhDd] jf/ L af] wsf ;fy ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rflnt 5g\ .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

;

102

olta] nf d'n's ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] Ph] 08fdf s] lGb|t ePsf] 5 . ;d[4 g] kfn / ;'vL g] kfnLsf] / fli6«o Wo] o to ePsf] 5 . ToxL Wo] o / nIo k|fKt ug{ xfdL cf–cfkm\gf] 7fpFaf6 lhDd] jf/ L, st{Jo, bfloTj lgjf{x ug] { sfd ul/ / fv] sf 5f} + . lxhf] xfdL ljleGg af6f] x?df cndlnO/ fv] sf lyof} +, clxn] xfdL Pp6} d"naf6f] df cfOk'u] sf 5f} + . g] kfnL ;dfh / g] kfnL / fhgLlt Pp6} d"naf6f] df lx+l8/ fv] sf] 5 . Tof] d"naf6f] , ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] Ph] 08fdf s] lGb|t eP/ ;d[4 g] kfn / ;'vL g] kfnLsf] Wo] o k|fKt ug] { / fhdfu{ xf] . lxhf] sf lbgdf ljleGg ax;, 5nkmn eP klg clxn] ;a} n] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ag] sf] ;+ljwfg : jLsf/ ] sf] cj: yf 5 . ;+ljwfgdf s] xL c;Gt'li6x? x'g ;S5g\, oxL ;+ljwfgn] tf] lslbPsf] ljlw / k|lqmofaf6 of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ cem k"0f{ agfpgsf lglDt ToxL 9f] sfaf6 hfg'k5{ eGg] lgisif{df ;a} cfOk'U5g\, csf] { ljsNk 5} g . xfdLn] ;+ljwfgdfkm{t ;a} k|sf/ sf c;dfgtf / lje] b\ k'/ ] sf 5f} +, ;a} gful/ snfO{ clwsf/ ;DkGg / zlQmzfnL t'NofPsf 5f} + t/ clxn] klg Jofjxfl/ s lx;fan] ;dfhdf ljleGg vfn] vf8nx?, lje] b\sf c+zx? xfdL b] Vg, cg'ej ug{ ;S5f} + .

Jofjxfl/ s ?kdf tL vf8n k'g{, lje] b cGt ug{ ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/ t ;d[4 ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu xfdLn] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL / f] h] sf 5f} +, To;s} nflu tLg txsf] ;/ sf/ agfOPsf] xf] , l;+xb/ af/ sf] clwsf/ ufpF–ufpFdf nfg] elgPsf] xf] . ;+3Lotfdfkm{t hgtfnfO{ ;a} clwsf/ / ;] jf–;'ljwfx?n] hf] 8\g ;Sb5 . lxdfn, kxf8 t/ fO{nfO{, ;a} hft, efiff, wd{ / ;+: s[lt dfGg] g] kfnLx?nfO{ ;+3Lotfn] Pp6} dfnfdf pGg ;S5, ;a} sf] klxrfg, k|ltlglwTj, ;xeflutf, g] t[Tjsf] s'/ f ;'lglZrt ug{ ;S5 . xfdLn] gofF k|0ffnLnfO{ 6] sfpg] , pEofpg] / lx+8fpg] sfd ul/ / fv] sf 5f} +, of] xfd|f] nflu gofF af6f] xf] . xfdLn] ;+3Lotfsf] / y tLj| ultdf bf} 8fpg ;ls/ x] sf 5} gf} +, cfjZos k"jf{wf/ x?, sfg'gL / ;+/ rgfut cfwf/ x? tof/ eO/ x] sf 5g\, s] xL ;do nfU5 . b] z ca ;sf/ fTds af6f] df 5, xfdL ;sf/ fTds af6f] df lx+l8/ fv] sf 5f} + . xfdL gLlt, sfo{qmd, ah] 6sf] dfWodaf6 ;d[l4 k|fKt ug] { af6f] df nlDs/ x] sf 5f} + .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax;

103

csf] / fan] ;'?b] lv g} ;r] ttfsf ;fydf k|efjsf/ L 9+un] e"ldsf v] Nb} cfPsf] 5, d Tof] e"ldsfsf] k|z+;f u5'{, cfh ToxL lhDd] jf/ Laf] wsf ;fy oxfFx? b] zel/ af6 oxfF pkl: yt x'g'ePsf] 5 . oxfFsf] 5nkmnaf6 dxTjk"0f{ 3f] if0ffx? x'g] 5g\ . To;n] s] Gb|, k|b] z jf : yfgLo txdf aGg] gLlt, sfo{qmd, ah] 6x?nfO{ k|ToIf k|efj kfg'{kb{5 . xfdL of] k|b] zdf h] 7 @) ut] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / c;f/ ! ut] ah] 6 k|: t't ub} {5f} + . oxfFx?n] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg'ePsf] 5, d arg lbP/ hfG5', o; k|b] zdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?nfO{ hgtf;Fu k|ToIf hf] 8\gsf lglDt k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf] ;fem] bf/ Ldf k|efjsf/ L 9+un] cufl8 a9\g cfufdL gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / ah] 6df oL ljifo ;dfj] z x'g] 5g\, xfdL hgtf;Fu k|ToIf / lgoldt ?kdn] hf] 8\g] 5f} + . xfdL gLltx? agfpFb} 5f} +, sfg'g, sfo{qmd agfpg] qmddf tkfO{x?;Fu a;] / 5nkmn ug] { 5f} + . k/ fdz{ sfo{qmd k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ug{ rfxG5' .

;'jf; vltj8f, cWoIf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3

xfdL k|b] z gDa/ ! sf] lxn] df ;fdflhs ax'ntf / ljljwtf ;Da4{g, ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf cflbjf;L hghflt ljifodf / fli6«o k/ fdz{ ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . k|d'v cltlyb] lv ;a} cltlyHo"x?nfO{ : d/ 0f u/ fpg rfxG5', ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3n] tLg dlxgfcl3 dfq} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] / fli6«o ;Dd] ng s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] / fhwfgL ;'v] {tdf ;DkGg u/ ] sf] lyof] . s0ff{nL ef} uf] lns ljsf;sf lx;fan] , hg;+Vofsf] ;fIf/ tf, ljsf;sf] ;"rssf lx;fan] klg k5fl8 5 . xfdLn] s0ff{nLdf uP/ ;Dd] ng u¥of} + . ToxfF cGo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] kx'Fr / k|efj k'Ug ;s] sf] 5} g . ToxfF ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] dfq} lglj{sNk ;~rf/ dfWodsf ?kdf pkl: yt 5 . x'Dnf, 8f] Nkf, d'u'h: tf lhNnfdf clxn] klg ;fIf/ tfsf] Go"g cj: yf 5 . tL 7fpFdf gful/ ssf] kx'Frdf ;"rgf k'Ug] dfWod ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? x'g\, c? Jofj;flos / ] l8of] x? k'Ug ;s] sf 5} gg\ . ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/ gk'u] sf] 7fpFdf, gful/ ssf] ;zQmLs/ 0f / fd|f] ;Fu eOg;s] sf] 7fpFdf ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?;Fu cg] sf} + ;fdflhs bfloTj / lhDd] jf/ Lx? 5g\ . xfdLn] xfd|f] Ifdtf / zlQmn] wfg] ;Dd -cfly{s zlQm / hgzlQm_ ;] jf lbO/ x] sf 5f} + eGg] xfd|f] bfaL 5 . xfdLn] clxn] klg ^) eGbf a9L efiffdf ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmd k|;f/ 0f ul/ / x] sf 5f} + .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

;

104

b] zdf !@# efiff elgP klg !@ j6f efiff nf] k eO;s] sf 5g\, #& efiff nf] kf] Gd'v cj: yfdf 5g\, @( efiff Ps xhf/ eGbf sd hg;+Vofn] dfq} af] Ng'x'G5, afFsL efiffdfq} c? cj: yfdf 5g\ .

c? efiffnfO{ klg xfdLn] 5f] l8lbg] xf] eg] c? %÷!) jif{ k5fl8 ul/ g] hgu0fgfdf xfd|f] efiffsf] cj: yf s: tf] xf] nf < ljZjel/ sf] tYof+snfO{ x] g] { xf] eg] , ;+;f/ e/ clxn] & xhf/ j6f efiff af] lnG5g\, Pl;of Kofl;lkmsdf sl/ a @ xhf/ @ ;o efiffx? 5g\, clk|msfdf sl/ a @ xhf/ ! ;o efiff af] lnG5g\, Nofl6g cd] l/ sfdf ! xhf/ # ;o efiff af] lnG5g\ . oxfF ljljwtfx? 5g\ t/ ljZje/ sf efiffdWo] $) k|ltzt nf] kf] Gd'v cj: yfdf 5g\ . cfkm} +df of] d'2f slt ;+j] bgzLn xf] eGg] s'/ f xfdL ;a} n] dgg u/ ] / } of] sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/ ] sf xf} + . xfdL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] w] / } sfd u/ ] sf 5f} +, Pp6f : jod\;] jL cleofgdf xfdL ;+nUg 5f} +, oxfF ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df nfUg'ePsf ;fyLx? x'g'x'G5, xfdLn] s] xL ks] 6 dgL af] s] sf xf] nfpF, tna a'em\g kfPsf 5} gf} +, xfdL tna a'em\g] u/ L of] If] qdf nfu] sf xf] Ogf} + . tna vfg, sdfpgsf] lglDt nfu] sf] eP cGo If] q lyP . xfdL : jod\;] jL efjgfn] , ;dfhsf] kl/ jt{gsf] lglDt, ;dfhdf / x] sf ljljwtfx?nfO{ k|j4{gsf lglDt nfu] sf xf} + . cg] sf} + hl6ntf, cg] sf} + r'gf} tLx?sf] ;fdgf u/ ] / eP klg ;dfhsf] ljljwtfnfO{ k|j4{g ug] { lhDd] jf/ L xfdLn] lnO/ x] sf 5f} + .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax;

105

;d: ofx?af6 u'lh|P/ eP klg xfdLn] xfd|f] k|lta4tfnfO{ 5f] 8] sf 5} gf} + . o;sf nflu csf] / fasf tkm{af6 ;a} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?nfO{ cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' . xfdLn] cem} ;';+ul7t 9+un] sfd ug{ k'u] sf] 5} g ls eg] / of] sfo{qmd cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] xf] . cfufdL lbgdf 7f] ; sfd ug{sf nflu of] / fli6«o k/ fdz{af6 sfo{of] hgfx? lgdf{0f x'G5g\ . xfd|f] lxn] 3f] if0ffkq klg hf/ L x'G5 . xfdL;Fu g] kfnL efiff ga'em\g] ;d'bfo klg 5, pgLx?nfO{ cfkm\g} efiff / njhdf ;"rgf lbg] bfloTj / fHosf] xf] . xfdL k|b] z gDa/ ! df 5f} +, oxfF $@ j6f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] 5g\ . oxfFsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;/ sf/ sf] ;fydf 5g\ . oxfFsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;/ sf/ sf] gLlt, sfo{of] hgf, ah] 6 ;d'bfosf gful/ s;Dd k'¥ofpg] ;f/ yL x'g\ . ;/ sf/ ;fem] bf/ L ug{ tof/ 5 eg] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? / ftf] sfk] {6 la5\of/ ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;fem] bf/ L ug{ tof/ 5g\ . ;xsfo{sf lglDt ;a} ;Fu cfu|x ug{ rfxG5' . d'VodGqLHo"n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] gLltsf nflu kxn ul/ lbg'eof] eg] c? k|b] z ;/ sf/ sf nflu gd'gf x'g;S5 . o;sf nflu klg cfu|x ug{ rfxG5' .

ozf] bfb] jL ltlD;gf, cfo'Qm, / fli6«o ;"rgf cfof] u

xfdL / ] l8of] sf] 5nkmn ul/ / x] sf 5f} +, d] / f] a'emfOdf clxn] klg ul/ an] , wgLn] , k9\g hfGg] ÷ghfGg] ;a} n] ;lhn} Ps} lsl;dn] ;'Gg ;Sg] ;~rf/ dfWod / ] l8of] xf] . / ] l8of] lx+8\bf, v] tdf sfd ubf{, vfgf

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

ax

;

106

agfpFbf dlxnfn] , gk9] sf ;a} n] p;} u/ L ;'Gg ;S5g\ . cem} s] xL ;do g] kfnLx?nfO{ ;"rgf k|jfx ug] { ;a} eGbf pko'Qm / ;lhnf] dfWod / ] l8of] g} xf] . o;y{ csf] / fa / o;df cfa4 ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] 7"nf] dxTj 5 . oL / ] l8of] x?nfO{ hlt k|j4{g ug{ ;Sof] gofF g] kfn lgdf{0f ug] { ;fdfGo g] kfnLsf nflu Tolt g} kmnbfoL x'G5 eGg] nfU5 . d cfkm" klg k|b] z g+ ! sf] 5f] / L ePsfn] cflbjf;L hghflt / ;dfj] zLsf] d'2fdf : jod\ 5' h: tf] nfU5 .

xfdL hlt w] / } ax'njfbL oxfF a: 5f} +, ;a} n] o;nfO{ cGt: s/ 0fdf lnP/ , cfTd;ft ub} { of] xfd|f] d'2f xf] eGg] : jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . of] d'2fnfO{ 6'+uf] df k'¥ofpg ;lsof] eg] dfq} ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqLHo"n] eGg'ePh: tf] ;d[4 g] kfn ;'vL g] kfnsf] gf/ f sfof{Gjog x'g ;S5 . o; sfo{qmdsf] b'O{ d'Vo p2] Zo lnOPsf] 5, klxnf] , sfo{of] hgf agfpg] h;n] eljiosf] af6f] to u5{ / bf] ;|f] lxn] 3f] if0ffkq hf/ L ub} { x'g'x'G5, z'esfdgf 5 . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] 5nkmn ;~rfng ug] {, cflbjf;L, hghfltsf d'2f p7fpg] tkfO{x?nfO{ d] / f] ;'emfj 5, xfdL dlxnfsf] gfd clGtddf lnG5f} +, ca dlxnfsf] d'2f klxnf] agfOg'k5{, dlxnfleq klg ;dfj] zL eGg'k5{ . dlxnfleq klg ;a} Ps} y/ L 5} gg\, %! k|ltzt dlxnfsf cg'xf/ ljljwtfk"0f{ 5g\ . klZrd g] kfnsf] t'ngfdf k"jL{ g] kfndf dlxnfsf] ;dfj] lztf clws b] lvG5 . / ] l8of] x?n] dlxnf s] lGb|t sfo{qmd agfpg'k5{, efiff hf] 8\b} hfgsf/ Lx? lbg'k5{ .

;dfrf/ sIfdf ;dfj] zL ;dfrf/ lgdf{0fsf ljifodf 5nkmn x'g'k5{ . efiffsf ljifodf d} n] sfo{qmdx?df cfkm\gf] dt / fVg] u/ ] sf] 5', xfd|f efiffx? 5g\, ;Da4{g ug{'{k5{, ;+/ If0f ug'{k5{, k|rngdf Nofpg'k5{, t/ o;nfO{ hf] 8\g] Pp6f efiff rflxG5, Tof] g] kfnL efiff xf] . cf] nfªr'ªuf] nfsf z] kf{x?n] z] kf{ efiff af] N5g\, wg'iffsf ofbjx?n] d} lynL efiff af] N5g\, cfkm\gf] dfq} efiff af] Nbf csf] { efiff af] lng] 7fpFdf cg'jfbs vf] Hg'k5{, s] of] ;Dej s'/ f xf] < xfdL ;a} g] kfnLnfO{ hf] l8/ fVg] efiff rflxG5, Tof] g] kfnL efiff xf] . xfd|f : yfgLo efiffnfO{ ;Da4{g, ;+/ If0f ug'{k5{ .

;fd'bflos

/ ] l8of]

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107

8f= dx] Gb| nfjtL, d'Vo jQmf

sfo{qmddf jQmfsf ?kdf lgdGq0ff ug'{ePsf] df cfof] hsnfO{ wGojfb . g] kfn, blIf0f Pl;of / ljZjsf ljleGg b] zdf ul/ Psf] cg';Gwfgsf cfwf/ df d s] xL ljifoj: t' ;f/ df / fVg] k|of; ug] { 5' . g] kfn ljljwtfk"0f{ b] z xf] , o;nfO{ / fd|f] ;Fu Joj: yfkg ug{ ;lsof] eg] w] / } kmfObf 5 t/ ljljwtfnfO{ Joj: yfkg ug{ ;lsPg eg] y'k|} r'gf} tLx? cfOkg{ ;S5g\ . g] kfndf k|Zg ug] { ;+: s[lt gePsf] ljifonfO{ : jLsf/ ub} { g] kfnn] ckgfPsf ;+/ rgf / gLlt lgodsf ljifodf s] xL k|Zg ug] { 5' . g] kfnsf] ljljwtf, k5fl8 k/ ] sf] , kfl/ Psf] ;d"x÷;d'bfox?nfO{ s;/ L ;d] 6\g ;lsG5, cflbjf;L, hghflt, dw] zL, cNk;+Vos ;a} nfO{ ;d] 6] / s;/ L hfg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf d] / f] egfO s] lGb|t / xg] 5 . ;a} nfO{ ;d] 6] / hfg ;lsof] eg] dfq} ;d[l4 cfpg ;S5 . ljljwtf eg] sf] b] zsf] ;|f] t, ;DklQ xf] . sfo{qmdsf] ;'?df k|: t't ul/ Psf] tfdfª ;] nf] ;lxtsf] : jfut ufg To;sf] pbfx/ 0f xf] . g] kfndf k~rfotsfn / To;cl3 b] lv g} ljljwtfnfO{ ;d: ofsf ?kdf x] l/ GYof] . @)$^÷)$& ;fnkl5 ljljwtfnfO{ ;|f] tsf] ?kdf lng yflnP klg h'g ?kn] lng kg] { xf] lnOPsf] 5} g .

g] kfnsf cflbjf;L hghfltn] s] rfx] sf x'g\ t, juL{o ;d: ofdfq} ;d: of x'g t < xf] Og, ;DkGg b] zdf klg ToxfFsf hgtfn] klxrfg dfu] sf 5g\ . juL{o ;d: of ;Daf] wg u/ ] / dfq} k'Ub} g, of] b] zdf dw] zL,

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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108

cflbjf;L hghflt, blntx?n] klg s] xL ?kdf : jfoQtf vf] lh/ x] sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] lsg : jfoQtf vf] h] < : jfoQtfn] pgLx?nfO{ s;/ L ;Ifd agfpF5 < eGg] ljifonfO{ x] g{ h?/ L 5 . nf] stGqdf hf] ;'s} jo: s gful/ sn] r'gfjdf dtbfg ug{ kfpF5 . nf] stflGqs dfGotf s] xf] eg] … ;a} cf–cfkm\gf] af/ ] lg0f{o ug{ ;a} eGbf ;Ifd 5g\ .Ú a'af cfdfnfO{ d] / f] af/ ] ;fwf/ 0f 1fg xf] nf t/ ;Dk"0f{ s'/ f yfxf 5} g, ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ g} a9L yfxf x'g] ePsfn] p;} nfO{ lg0f{o ug{] cj;/ lbOg'k5{ . o;nfO{ nf] stflGqs l;4fGtdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ elgG5 . h;/ L Pp6f JolQmn] cfkm\gf] rfxgf, cfsf+Iffaf/ ] pQd lg0f{o ug{ ;S5, olb JolQm–JolQm ldn] / ag] sf] ;d'bfon] klg cfkm\gf] af/ ] cfkm} + pQd lg0f{o ug{ ;S5 . pgLx?sf] ;d: of, rfxgf, cfjZostf s] xf] eGg] pgLx?nfO{ g} a9L yfxf x'G5, pgLx?sf ;jfndf pgLx?nfO{ g} lg0f{o ug{ lbOg'k5{ . lnDa", / fO{ jf s;} nfO{ : jfoQtf lbOFbf pgLx? PSnfPSn} a: g] xf] t < xf] Og, juL{o gLltn] sltko ;d: of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Snfg\ . km/ s km/ s ;d'bfosf a'emfO{, b[li6sf] 0fsf ljifodf pgLx?nfO{ lg0f{o ug{ lbOFbf ;dfh / b] zsf] sNof0f u5{ .

g] kfndf : jfoQtfsf ljifodf w] / } e|dx? km} lnof] . cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ n] b] znfO{ 6'qmofpF5 elgof] , of] xf] Og, cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ n] b] znfO{ afFW5 . g] kfndf & k|b] zsf] ;+3Lotfsf] ;+/ rgf dflyaf6 nflbPsf] xf] . o;k|lt ;a} sf] : jLsf/ 5} g . g] kfndf nflbPsf ;+ljwfg l6s] sf] Oltxf; 5} gg\ . ;a} n] dfGg] ;+/ rgf agfOof] eg] st} lj/ f] w x'Fb} g . cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ n] ldn] / a: g l;sfpF5 . ljZjsf sltko b] z 6'lqmPsf klg 5g\ t/ g] kfndf o: tf gf/ f af] Sg] n] ;xof] u kfpg ;s] sf 5} gg\ .

g] kfnsf] ;ft k|b] zsf] vfsfaf/ ] s] xL k|Zg p7fpg rfxG5', ;ftj6f k|b] zsf] ljleGg hftLo hg;+Vofsf] ax'dt cNkdt x] / f} +, k|] bz g+ @ df dw] zLsf] afx'Notf 5, cGo 5 j6f k|b] zdf v;cfo{ ;d'bfosf] . o;n] klg km/ s kf5{ . k|b] z g+ ! df v; cfo{sf] hg;+Vof @* k|ltzt 5, / fO{–ls/ ft !# k|ltzt, lnDa" * k|ltzt 5 . g] kfnn] ckgfPsf] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLcGtu{t k|ToIf lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdf o;n] c;/ u5{ . g] kfndf ax'dt l;6 Nofpg] kf6L{n] ax'dt kfPsf 5} gg\, ljutdf ax'dt l;6 NofPsf bnn] #^ k|ltzt xf/ fxf/ L dt kfPsf lyP . kl5Nnf] lgjf{rg k|b] zg g+

;fd'bflos

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109

! af6 @* k|ltzt / x] sf v; cfo{ ;d'bfon] $# k|ltzt l;6 lht] sf] cj: yf 5 .

xfd|f] ;+/ rgfn] g} c;/ u/ ] sf] 5 . o;sf/ 0f xfd|f] ;+/ rgfsf ljifodf k|Zg p7fpg h?/ L 5 . g] kfndf o;cl3 5nkmn ul/ Psf] !)±! k|b] zsf] ;+/ rgf pQd lyof] . s'g} hflt ljz] if ax'dtdf x'g] lyPgg\, Ps csf{aLr ;dGjo ug'{kg] { x'GYof] t/ To;f] x'g lbOPg . g] kfndf NofOg'kg] { Ps lsl;dsf] ;+/ rgf, csf] { lsl;dsf] NofOof] . k|b] zsf] gfdsf ljifodf klg lj/ f] w eof] , t;{g' eof] , gfd l;Daf] lns xf] , To;n] s] xL dflg;nfO{ ;Gt'li6 b] nf t/ gfdn] ubf{ ;a} yf] s x'Fb} g . g] kfndf ;+3Lotfn] hftLo åGåsf] 8/ b] vfOof] , ?jf08fdf ePsf] hftLo åGåsf] v'a pbfx/ 0f lbOof] . ?jf08fdf ;+3Lotf lyPg, ToxfFsf] åGå ;+3Lotfn] NofPsf] lyPg . ToxfFsf] åGå PsfTds Joj: yflj?4 lyof] . ?jf08faf6 g] kfnn] l;Sg'kg] { s'/ f s] xf] eg] s'g} Pp6f hfltsf] x} sd / Xof] eg] ToxfF ljb|f] x x'G5 . g] kfnsf] & k|b] zdf klg Psn hftLo ;+3Lotf xf] .

g] kfndf w] / } k|b] z agfOof] eg] wfGg ;S5 < eGg] ul/ G5, ;+3Lotf ePsf wgL jf ul/ a b'O{ ltxfO b] zdf ( eGbf a9L ;+3 5g\ . ;a} k|b] zdf ;a} hfthflt c6fpF5g\ . csf] { ljifodf cflbjf;L hghflt pgLx?s} afgL Joxf] / f, vfgkfgn] lalu|Psf eGg] cf/ f] k 5, d] rLjfl/ h;/ L o: tf hflt 5g\, d] rLkfl/ klg To: tf hfthflt 5g\, t/ ToxfF ;Ifdx? dfly cfpF5g\ . g] kfnL g] kfnLaLr lje] b\ 5} g . clGtddf ljZjdf h'g b] zn] cfkm\gf gful/ ssf] Ifdtf ljsf; u/ ] sf 5g\ tL b] z wgL / ljsl;t ePsf 5g\, g] kfndf klg x/ ] s gful/ ssf] Ifdtf ljsf;df Wofg lbOg'k5{ .

lrGtg tfdfª, k|d'v wgs'6f gu/ kflnsf

sfo{qmddf cfpg'ePsf k|d'v cltly, cltlynufot ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLdf ;'Gb/ gu/ L lxn] df : jfut 5 . k/ fdz{ uf] i7Ln] / fd|f] of] hgf lgdf{0f u/ f] ;\, csf] / fadfkm{t sfo{qmd cl3 a9fpg'xf] ;\, h;n] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?nfO{ ;d'Ggt / k|efjsf/ L aGgsf nflu ;xof] u k'uf] ;\ eGg] z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' . wgs'6fdf rf/ j6f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / / ] l8of] g] kfnsf] If] qLo k|;f/ 0f s] Gb| 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

ut

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110

/ ] l8of] n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf efiff / ljifodf ;dfrf/ sfo{qmd lbPsf 5g\ . / ] l8of] x?df ljljwtf 5, oL / ] l8of] x?n] ljljwtfnfO{ Pstfdf afFWg ;xof] u u/ ] sf 5g\ . xfdL lgjf{lrt ePkl5 / ] l8of] x?nfO{ ;xof] u u/ ] sf 5f} + .

clxn] ;Dd / ] l8of] sfo{qmd;lxt cfpg'ePsf] 5} g, d cg'/ f] w ug{ rfxG5', wgs'6f gu/ kflnsfdf / x] sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? sfo{qmd;lxt cfpg'xf] ;\, xfdL ;xsfo{ ug{ tof/ 5f} + . cflbjf;L hghflt / / ] l8of] sf ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ lxn] cfpg'ePsf ;a} df z'esfdgf lbg rfxG5' .

;'dg a: g] t, ;+of] hs, cdfs{ Pl;of Kofl;lkms

cfh o; sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'Fbf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] / k|;f/ 0fl;t hf] l8Psf] df uf} / jflGjt cg'e"t ePsf] 5 . cflbjf;L / cNk;+Vos hghfltsf] ljifo ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ;'?jftl;t hf] l8Psf] ljifo xf] . To; cy{df of] / fli6«o k/ fdz{ sfo{qmd : jtGq / ] l8of] nfO{ ;d'bfol;t hf] 8\g] , cem egf} + ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df k|f0f k|lt: yfkgsf] klxnf] ;fy{s k|of; h: tf] nfU5 . wgs'6fsf] lxn] df hf/ L of] k/ fdz{ u} / cflbjf;L–hghfltx?n] klg rfx] , ca tkfO{x?sf d'2fnfO{ klg

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clnslt 7fpF lbG5f} + eg] / ug{ vf] ] lhPsf] xf] Og . To;/ L ul/ of] eg] of] ;kmn klg x'Fb} g . o;sf s] xL ;} 4flGts / afWofTds sf/ 0f 5g\, xfdL ;xefuL x'g} k5{, To;f] ul/ Pg eg] g] kfndf ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fsf] ulj{nf] Oltxf; vf] qmf] x'g hfG5 .

g] kfn cGt/ f{li6«o cle;lGwx?sf] kIf / fi6« xf] , xfdLn] cfO{Pncf] !^( b] lv / fi6«;+3sf y'k|} b: tfj] hx?df x: tfIf/ u/ ] / ;xdlt hgfPsf 5f} + . xfdL ;dfj] zL / ;xeflutfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] s'/ f ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . xfd|f ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x? / tLgsf k|;f/ 0f ;dfj] zL / ;xeflutfd"ns x'g'k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cNk;+Vosx?sf] dfWod xf] .

d"nwf/ sf dflg;x?sf] ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf h;/ L k|j] z eof] To;kl5 ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0f cNk;+Vox?sf] ;fwg / x] g . d"nwf/ sf] ;~rf/ dfWod;Fu ;+nUg dflg;x?sf] : yfg ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0f xf] Og . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ ldl8ofsf] c+usf ?kdf x] g{ 5f] 8\g'k5{ . of] uNtL gLlt lgdf{tf / xfdL cfkm} +n] u5f} +{ . of] !) k|ltzt ldl8of xf] afFsL ;d'bfo xf] .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

gLlt

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112

/ ] l8of] n] : j?k abln/ xG5, abln/ x] sf] 5, xfdLn] ;d'bfos} ljifodf 5nkmn ug'{k5{ . of] a} 7sn] sfo{of] hgf agfP/ cl3 a9\g'k5{ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] : jfldTj / ;xeflutfsf ljifodf tYof+s 5} g . k|f/ lDes ;j] {If0f cfjZos 5, h;n] n} +lus juL{s/ 0f;lxtsf] hgzlQmsf] pknAwtf / Ifdtf aflx/ Nofpg ;Sg'kb{5 .

;~ho ;Gtf] ifL / fO{, cWoIf, g] kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3, lhNnf ;dGjo kl/ ifb\ wgs'6f

g] kfnsf cflbjf;L hghfltsf zlbof} +b] lvsf] pTkL8g / u'gf;fn] el/ Psf ljifo 5g\ . ;fd'bflos ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;~rfng x'g] a] nfdf : yfgLo efiffsf ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmd ;d] l6g] t/ lbuf] x'g g;s] sf] cj: yf 5 . : yfgLo efiffefifLsf ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg k|b] z ;/ sf/ / : yfgLo ;/ sf/ n] kxn ug] { ljZjf; 5 .

xfd|f d'VodGqL klg cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfoaf6} x'g'ePsfn] xfdL yk cfzfjfbL 5f} + . wgs'6fdf / x] sf] / ] l8of] g] kfnsf] k|;f/ 0fnfO{ klg k|b] z s] lGb|t ul/ g'k5{ . ;+ljwfgn] : jfoQIf] q, ;+/ lIft If] q, ljz] if If] q, 3f] if0ff ug{sf nflu lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of] u x'g g;s] sf] ljifonfO{ klg of] sfo{qmddf 5nkmn ul/ of] ;\ . ;a} efiffefifLnfO{ ;d] 6\g] u/ L cl3

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a9\g'k5{ . wgs'6fdf : yflkt !% cflbjf;L hghfltsf tkm{af6 sfo{qmd ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .

ch'{g lu/ L, jl/ i7 pkfWoIf, csf] / fa

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 / b] ze/ sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf tkm{af6 k|b] z g+ ! sf d'VodGqL z] / wg / fO{Ho" k|lt cfef/ L 5f} + . pxfF ;~rf/ dGqL x'g'x'Fbf cfPsf] ;~rf/ gLltn] klxnf] k6s g] kfnsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ kl/ eflift u/ ] sf] 5 . To;cl3 xfdLn] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] d"No, dfGotfsf cfwf/ df : j3f] lift ?kdf cfkm"x?nfO{ ;fd'bflos elg/ x] sf lyof} + .

d'VodGqLHo"n] o; sfo{qmddf / fVg'ePsf] cleJolQm / ug'{ePsf] k|lta4tfk|lt v';L JoQm ug{ rfxG5f} + . ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] g] kfnsf ;fdflhs tyf / fhgLlts cfGbf] ngsf qmddf bnx?nfO{ ;fy lbPsf lyP, t/ bnx?n] xfn cfP/ vf] nf] t¥of] nf} / f] lal;{of] h: tf] u/ ] sf] dx;'; x'G5 . : yfgLo txsf k|ltlglw / ;ef;bHo"n] ;/ sf/ n] Nofpg nfu] sf] ldl8of sfplG;n ljw] osleqsf k|] ; lj/ f] wL ljifodf cfjfh p7fpg'x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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ch'{g / fO{, pkfWoIf, csf] / fa

g] kfndf ePsf / fhgLlts / ;fdflhs cfGbf] ngx?df ;dfj] zLs/ 0fsf] d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbP/ c;dfgt / lje] bx?sf] cGTo ub} { ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0fsf] ljifo p7fg ul/ Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ju{x?sf] cGTo ub} { ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgdf{0f ug] { p2] Zo lnPsf bnx?n] ju{ s;/ L lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/ fsf] lgSof} {n gu/ L ;dfgtfsf] s'/ f ug'{ ck'/ f] x'ghfG5 . ;x/ s] lGb|t dflg; e"uf] n, cflbjf;L hghflt, ;dfj] zL / ;dfgtfsf s'/ f ;'Gg rfxFb} gg\, oL ljifonfO{ kG5fP/ Gofok"0f{ ;dfh lgdf{0f x'g ;Qm} g .

e"uf] nsf sf/ 0fn] ePsf] c;dfgtf / lgdf{0f ePsf] ju{sf ljifodf / fhgLlts g] t[Tjn] Wofg lbg'kg] { b] lvG5 . oL ljifox?df ;/ sf/ / / fhgLlts g] t[Tjsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg] xfd|f] bfloTj xf] . xfdL ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{n] ju{x? s;/ L ljsf; ePsf 5g\, ;dfhdf ;dfgtf s;/ L cfpg ;S5 eg] / 5nkmnsf] ;'?cft u/ ] sf 5f} + . o; sfo{qmdaf6 cfPsf pknlAwx?nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f txdf / xg'ePsfn] dgg ug'{x'G5 eGg] ljZjf; lnPsf 5f} + . xfd|f] lgdGq0ffnfO{ : jLsf/ u/ ] / cfpg'ePsf

;a} nfO{ : jfut ub{5' .

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k/ fdz{ !

cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff ;+/ If0f M ePsf k|of; tyf ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?sf] e"ldsf

;xhstf{ M aGbgf bg'jf/ , ;lrj csf] / fa .

jQmfx? M

�n e/ t lqkf7L, pk;lrj, efiff cfof] u

�n OR5fk"0f{ / fO{, pkk|fWofks, wgs'6f ax'd'vL SofDk;

�n lgh{gf zdf{, sfo{qmd ;+of] hs, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ , o'g] : sf] , g] kfn

;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf cflbjf;L hghflt / fli6«o k/ fdz{sf] pb\3f6g ;qkl5 b'O{j6f dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf 5nkmn ax; ul/ Psf lyP . … cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff ;+/ If0f M ePsf k|of; tyf ;/ f] sf/ jfnfsf] e"ldsfÚ ljifodf ePsf] ax;df efiff cfof] usf pk;lrj e/ t lqkf7L, wgs'6f ax'd'vL SofDk;sf pkk|fWofks OR5fk"0f{ / fO{ / o'g] : sf] g] kfnsf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ sfo{qmd ;+of] hs lgh{gf zdf{ jQmfsf ?kdf / xg'ePsf] lyof] . ax;nfO{ csf] / fasf ;lrj aGbg bg'jf/ n] ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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lgh{gf zdf{, sfo{qmd ;+of] hs, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ , o'g] : sf] , g] kfn

o'g] : sf] n] efiffx?n] ;fdgf ul/ / x] sf uDeL/ hf] lvdx? / ;+: s[lt, 1fg k4lt / hLjgz} nLsf ?kdf ltgLx?sf] dxTjsf af/ ] df r] tgf hufpg ;g\ @)!( nfO{ cflbjf;L efiff cGt/ f{li6«o jif{sf ?kdf dgfO/ x] sf] 5 . ljZje/ & xhf/ efiffx? af] lnG5g\, h;dWo] @ xhf/ ^ ;o *) efiff nf] kf] Gd'v cj: yfdf 5g\ . ljZje/ () eGbf a9L b] zx?df cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf] a;f] af; 5, hxfF pgLx?;Fu} % xhf/ eGbf a9L ;+: s[lt afFlr/ x] sf 5g\ . g] kfndf !@# j6f efiff af] lnG5, h;dWo] !) j6f efiff ! nfveGbf w] / } hg;+Vofn] af] Ng] u/ ] sf 5g\, !( j6f efiff ! xhf/ eGbf sd hg;+Vofn] dfq} af] Ng] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 .

g] kfnsf] ;Gbe{df / fli6«o cfd;~rf/ gLlt @)!^ n] cfd;~rf/ dfWoddf ;a} ju{, If] q, hflt, efiff, lnË / ;d'bfosf] kx'Fr a9fO : jR5 hgdt lgdf{0f ug] { k|efjsf/ L dfWodsf] ?kdf ;~rf/ If] qsf] ljsf; ug] { pNn] v u/ ] sf] 5 . o: t} dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, ckfËtf, dw] zL, ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo / k5fl8 k/ ] sf If] q, ju{ / ;d'bfosf] cfd;~rf/ sf] If] qdf k|ltlglwTj a9fO{ lqmofzLn t'Nofpg k|f] T;flxt ug] { elgPsf] 5 .

cflbjf;L efiffx?sf] k|j4{gdf ldl8ofsf] e"ldsfnfO{ x] g] { xf] eg] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] &) efiffdf sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ pTkfbg / k|;f/ 0f ul/ / x] sf 5g\ . / ] l8of] n] s] an cflbjf;L hgtfnfO{ kl/ rfng ug{dfq xf] Og gLlt lgdf{0fdf k|efj kfg{ Pj+ ;/ sf/ nfO{ pQ/ bfoL;d] t agfpg ;S5g\ . pbfx/ 0fsf nflu / ] l8of] : 6] zgx?n] gu/ kflnsfn] cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf nflu vr{ u/ ] sf] ah] 6sf] ;fdflhs n] vf k/ LIf0f cfof] hgf ub{5g\, ;r] t

;fd'bflos

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dtbfgsf nflu cleofgx? ;~rfng ub{5g\ . lgjf{rgsf a] nf ;+jfb ;~rfng ug{ tyf ;j{;fwf/ 0fsf k|Zgx? lng pDd] b\jf/ x?nfO{ lgdGq0ff ub{5g\, pQ/ bfoL aGg / fhgLlt1x?sf nflu o: tf] k|sf/ sf] ;fj{hlgs : ynn] dtbfgdf 5nsk6 ug] { ;+efjgfnfO{ sd ub{5 .

g] kfnL ;~rf/ dfWodx?n] ljleGg efiffdf u/ ] sf] sfo{qmdx?nfO{ x] bf{, g] kfn 6] lnlehgn] yf?, d} lynL, ef] hk'/ L, tfdfª, lnDa" / g] jf/ L efiff k|;f/ 0f ePsf] kfOG5 . ljleGg efiffdf ljQlrq, nf] sefsfsf uLt, d} lynL efiffdf l;l/ on klg k|;f/ 0f x'g] u/ ] sf] 5 . / ] l8of] g] kfnn] o;sf] : yfkgfb] lv g} ljleGg efiffefifLsf nf] suLt ;+sngdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v] n] sf] 5 . / ] l8of] g] kfnn] klg yf?, d} yLnL, ef] hk'/ L, tfdfª, lnDa", g] jf/ L, lxGbL, pb"{, ;+: s[t, u'?ª, z] kf{, ls/ fFtnufot efiffdf sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ k|;f/ 0f ul/ / x] sf] 5 . uf] / vfkqn] gofF g] kfn k] hdfkm{t ;g\ @)!) b] lv ljljw efiffx?df ;dfrf/ tyf ljrf/ k|sfzg ul/ / x] sf] 5 . d"nwf/ sf ldl8ofn] lj6 l/ kf] 6{/ / fv] / cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+: s[ltsf ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf lbO/ x] sf 5g\ . cflbjf;L hgtfsf] clwsf/ k|lt/ Iffsf nflu ?rfOPsf] dfWodsf ?kdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] kb{5g\ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf efiffx?sf] k|j4{gdf ldl8ofsf] e"ldsf

�n dflg;sf] ;f] r ljrf/ ug] { Ifdtfdflysf] lgoGq0f x6fpg] tyf pgLx?df ;fF: s[lts Pj+ eflifs cfTd;Ddfg ;[hgf ug] { sfdsf nflu ;d'bfodf cfwfl/ t cflbjf;L ldl8ofx? zlQmzfnL dfWod x'g\ .

�n k'Vof} {nL ;+uLt Pj+ 1fg phfu/ ug{ tyf dflg;x?nfO{ : yfgLo k|sf/ sf ;+3;+: yfx? h'g cfh e"d08nLs/ 0f / d'Vo cGt/ f{li6«o ldl8of skf] {/ ] zgx?n] yf] k/ ] sf ljZj–b[li6sf] 0fx? sf/ 0f vt/ fdf kl/ / x] sf 5g\ ltgsf af/ ] df ;';"lrt ug{ / ] l8of] nfO{ k|efjsf/ L ?kdf k|of] u ug{ ;lsG5 .

�n cGTodf, cflbjf;L efiffx? hLljt / xg] s'/ f lgs} xb;Dd oxL efiff af] Ng] cflbjf;L jQmfx? / wf/ fk|jfx?kdf af] Ng ;Sg] pgLx?sf] Ifdtfdf lge{/ / xG5 . o; ;Gbe{df ldl8ofn] lg0ff{os e"ldsf v] Ng ;S5g\ / v] Ng' kb{5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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e/ t lqkf7L, pk;lrj, efiff cfof] u

g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/ f #@ df efiff tyf ;+: s[lt;DaGwL df} lns xssf] Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . o;df k|To] s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfkm\gf] efiff k|of] u ug] {, ;f+: s[lts hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] / cfkm\gf] efiff, lnlk, ;+: s[lt, ;f+: s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+j4{g / ;+/ If0f ug] { xs x'g] Joj: yf ul/ Psf] 5 . To;} u/ L / fHon] ax'eflifs gLlt cjnDag ub} { ljleGg efiffx?sf aLrdf kf/ : kfl/ s ;b\efj, ;lxi0f'tf / P] Soa4tf sfod u/ L ;ª\3Lo PsfOaLr k/ : k/ df ;xof] ufTds ;DaGw ljsf; ub} { / fli6«o Pstf k|j4{g ug] { / fHosf] gLlt / x] sf] 5 .

g] kfnleqsf efiffx?sf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cg'udg u/ L o;sf] ;+j4{g, ljsf; ug{ / ;/ sf/ L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf] ?kdf dfGotf kfpg k"/ f ug{'kg] { cfwf/ tof/ u/ L l;kmfl/ ; ug{ g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/ f @*& df ;+ljwfg k|f/ De ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq k|b] zx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/ L efiff cfof] usf] u7g, o;sf] ;+/ rgf, cWoIf tyf ;b: osf] kbfjlw, lgo'lQm k|lqmof, cfof] usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ pNn] v ul/ Psf] 5 . efiff cfof] usf] : yfkgf @)&# ;fn ebf} @# ut] ePsf] xf] .

;/ sf/ L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf ?kdf dfGotf kfpg k"/ f ug{'kg] { cfwf/ x?sf] lgwf{/ 0f ug{ k|f/ lDes r/ 0fsf] sfo{ ;'? ul/ Psf] 5 . ;fy} , efiff;DaGwL

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eP÷u/ ] sf sfdsf] clen] vg ug] {, nf] sjftf{ ;ª\sng ug] {, efiffx?sf] oflGqsLs/ 0f ug] { / eflifs cg'jfb k4lt ljsf; ug] { sfo{sf nflu efiff cfof] un] sfo{ k|f/ De u/ ] sf] 5 .

efiff;DaGwL sfdx?nfO{ ;dGjofTds 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg / gLlt lgdf{0f Pjd\ sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ ;an agfpg] lbzftkm{ ;d] t efiff cfof] un] cu|;/ tf lnPsf] 5 . g] kfn ;/ sf/ , efiff;DaGwL sfo{ ug] { lgsfox?, eflifs ;d'bfo, ;/ f] sf/ jfnf ;+: yf Pjd\ ;~rf/ sdL{x?l;t cGt/ ;DaGw ljsf; ug] { k|of; eO/ x] sf] 5 . ljz] ifu/ L ;DalGwt efiffsf jQmf Pjd\ eflifs ;d'bfol;t lgs6 ;Dks{df / xL pgLx?sf] ;xsfo{af6 dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] yfngL ul/ Psf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df efiffsf jQmfx? cfof] usf] ;jf] {kl/ k|] / 0ffsf ;|f] t / x] sf 5g\ .

O{R5fk"0f{ / fO{, pkk|fWofks, wgs'6f ax'd'vL SofDk;

dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmddf af] Ng] cj;/ sf nflu cfof] hsnfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . d cfkm\gf] ljifoj: t'sf If] qdf s] xL s'/ f / fVg rfxG5' . cflbjf;L hghflt zAb k|of] u u/ ] / sfo{qmd ug'{eof] , of] ;/ sf/ n] ug'{kg] { sfd xf] , csf] / fan] Ps sbd cl3 a9] / o: tf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmd u/ ] sf] 5, of] ;a} eGbf v';Lsf] s'/ f xf] . k|b] z g+ ! d} of] sfo{qmd ug'{ePsf] df oxL e"ldsf] / cflbjf;L hghflt k'q x'g'sf] gftfn] ljz] if wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . o'g] : sf] n] @)!( nfO{ cflbjf;L efiff jif{ eg] sf] 5 . g] kfnsf] ;Gbe{df of] cflbjf;L hghflt jif{ x'g'k5{ . …OlG8lhlgc;Ú zAbsf]

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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g] kfnLs/ 0f ug] { dWosf] d klg Ps x'F, ljb] zdf of] zAbsf] cy{ cnu 5, g] kfnLdf eg] OlG8lhlgc; zAbn] … cflbjf;L hghfltÚ nfO{ a'emfpg] dfGotf 5 . g] kfndf cflbjf;L hghflt sf] x'g\, sf] xf] Ogg\ eGg] ljifodf ax; hf/ L 5 . d efiffzf: qL ePsf] x'gfn] efiffd} a9L s] lGb|t x'G5' .

efiff ;fdfGo nfU5 t/ of] ljz] if s'/ f xf] . ljBfnob] lv ljZjljBfno;Dd k7gkf7gdf efiffn] lgs} dxTj / fV5 . d} n] u/ ] sf cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cWofkgsf qmddf yfxf kfPsf, efiffsf sf/ 0f cK7] / f] k/ ] sf] y'k|} pbfx/ 0f 5g\ . hlt;'s} hfGg] eP klg dft[efiff cnu ePsf] ljBfyL{n] csf] { efiff ;xL tl/ sfn] pRrf/ 0f ug{ ;Sb} g . vfhf jf emf] nfsf] sfo{qmd u/ ] / ljBfyL{ cfpg] xf] Ogg\, Tof] efiff;Fu ;DalGwt a9L 5g\ . sDtLdf dft[efiffdf k|fylds lzIff lbOg'k5{ . hxfF dft[efiffdf lzIff ;'? ul/ Psf] 5, ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xh ePsf] 5 . cflbjf;Lsf efiff;Fu hf] l8Psf] ljifoj: t' p7fOlbg'ePsf] 5, sfo{of] hgf;lxt a} 7fg klg ul/ lbg'xf] nf . efiff cj;/ ;Fu hf] l8Psf] ljifo xf] . cj;/ sf nflu g] kfnL o'jfn] sf] l/ og, hfkflgh, c+u|] hL jf cGo efiff kl9/ x] sf 5g\ . lnDa" efiff k9] sf] dflg;n] o: tf cj;/ kfpF5g\ eGg] cj: yf cfof] eg] c? efiffsf dflg;n] klg lnDa" efiff k9\5g\ . d cfkm} + cj;/ sf nflu c+u|] hL k9] sf] pbfx/ 0f x'F . xfdL ljb] zL efiff l;s] / klg k9fO/ x] sf 5f} + . cj;/ n] dfq} g] kfnsf nf] kf] Gd'v efiff arfpg ;S5 .

lnDa"sf] efiff lnDa'n] , / fO{sf] efiff / fO{n] dfq} ;+/ If0f ug'{k5{ eGg] xf] Og, ;a} nfUg'k5{ . g] kfnsf efiff !@# j6f elgPsf] 5, g] kfndf af] lng] / } yfg] efiff !)$ j6f dfq} xf] , h;dWo] OG8f] cfo{g efiff d"nsf #& j6f, l;gf] l6a] l6og d"nsf] ^# j6f 5g\, clg ;f+s] lts efiff 5 . kl/ efiffcg';f/ g] kfnLafx] s ;a} efiff nf] kf] Gd'v elgPsf] 5 . To;f] xf] Og, lxGbL, d} lynLh: tf efiff nf] kf] Gd'v xf] Ogg\ < … h'g efiff ca hGdg] k': tfn] af] Nb} g, Tof] nf] kf] Gd'v efiff xf] .Ú sltko efiffzf: qLsf] egfO dfGg] xf] eg] ljZjaf6 xKtfdf !) j6f efiff x/ fO/ x] sf 5g\, casf] &% jif{kl5 ljZjdf !) j6f d'Vo efiffdfq} afFsL / xG5g\ . To;/ L x] g] { xf] eg] g] kfnL efiffsf ljifodf klg lrGtf ug] { a] nf cfO;Sof] . w/ fgdf !) b] lv !% jif{sf afnaflnsf / $) b] lv %) dlxnfdf ul/ Psf] Ps cWoogn] g] kfnLafx] s s'g efiff af] Ng'x'G5 eGbf lxGbL eGg] b] vfPsf] 5 .

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afnaflnsfn] sf6'{gaf6 / cfdfx?n] l;l/ onaf6 lxGbL l;ls/ x] sf 5g\ . clxn] g} g] kfnL / fd|f] hfGg] dflg; kfpg d'l: sn x'g yfln;s] sf] 5 . xfdLn] afnaflnsfnfO{ c+u|] hLsf] nf] edf k9fO/ x] sf 5f} +, pgLx?n] c+u|] hL klg / fd|f] l;Sg ;ls/ x] sf 5} gg\ clg, g] kfnL klg / fd|f] aGg ;s] sf] 5} g . ca xfdL;Fu / fd|f] efiff of] hgf x'g h?/ L 5 . j} 1flgsx?sf cg';f/ …!# jif{leq afnaflnsfnfO{ l;sfpg] efiff l;sfO;Sg'k5{, clgdfq} pgLx?n] l;s] sf] efiffdf / fd|f] ug{ ;S5g\ . efiff ;+/ If0f tyf k|j4{gsf nflu cj;/ ;Fu;Fu} ;+: yfut ljsf; klg ul/ g'k5{ .Ú Pp6f g] kfnLn] sDtLdf # j6f efiff k9\g, af] Ng ;S5 eGg] s'/ f : yflkt ul/ g'k5{ .

km\nf] /

tLg} hgfsf] k|: t'ltkl5 km\nf] / af6 o;af/ ] lh1f;f, l6Kk0fL / cfkm\gf cg'ej k|: t't ul/ Psf] lyof] . km\nf] / af6 / ] l8of] kof{j/ 0f, nlntk'/ sf 8f= ci6dfg ls;L dxh{gn] efiff cfof] usf] sfd, st{Jo clwsf/ s] xf] , / fd] 5fk, eQmk'/ jf t] x|y'dsf g] jf/ sf efiff cnu 5g\, af] Ng cfpFb} g,

o;df efiff cfof] un] s] u5{ eg] / lh1f;f / fVg'ePsf] lyof] . o: t} / ] l8of] hg;~rf/ eQmk'/ sf ;'/ ] z ;} +h'n] efiff ;Fu;Fu} ;+: s[ltsf] klg ljsf; ul/ g'kg] { wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] . / ] l8of] ldtf l;/ fxfsf hLj5 rf} w/ Ln] cfkm" k"jL{o yf? ePsf] t/ efiff g} gePsf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] / fHo / cGo lgsfoaf6 klg 7luPsf] dx;'; ub} { b'v] ;f] kf] Vg'eof] . / ] l8of] afh'/ fsf nfnaxfb'/ cf] nLn] efiff cfof] uk|lt nlIft ub} { afx'g / cGo ;d'bfon] ufnL ubf{ v: of eGg] u/ ] sf] ,

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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em/ f] { g] kfnL efiffsf] ;+/ If0f x'g g;s] sf] tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpg'eof] . / ] l8of] lqo'uf pbok'/ sf sf} zn r] Dhf] ªn] k|: t'ltsf qmddf efiff cfof] usf e/ t lqkf7Ln] efiffsf] nlaª ug'{ kb} {g eGg'ePsf] k|lt u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . : yfgLo txx?df : yfgLo efiff a'em\g] dflg;nfO{ / f] huf/ L lbOg'kg] { pxfFsf] wf/ 0ff lyof] . efiffsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ug] { pQd dfWod ldl8of ePsf] tkm{ Wofgfsif{0f u/ fpFb} pxfFn] cGt/ f{li6«o efiff jif{ dgfpFb} ubf{ lsg cfkm\gf] dft[efiffk|lt ljt[i0ff eof] eGg] sf/ 0f kQf nufpg'kg] { ts{ / fVg'eof] .

/ ] l8of] ;fyL emfkfsf 1fg] Gb| lg/ f} nfn] ;Dks{ efiffsf] ?kdf g] kfnL af] n] klg 3/ df cfkm\gf] dft[efiff af] Ng] x?sf] efiffdf ;d: of gcfPsf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] . lg/ f} nfn] eGg'eof] , … pgLx?sf] efiff o'jfk': tfn] klg af] N5g\, / ] l8of] df efiffeflifsf sfo{qmd ug] { dflg; kfpg d'l: sn ePsf] 5 .Ú efiff cfof] utkm{ nlIft ub} { lg/ f} nfn] cfkm\gf] efiff ;+/ If0fsf nflu ;d'bfonfO{ s;/ L ;xof] u ug] { of] hgf 5 eGg] k|Zg ug'{eof] . / ] l8of] l;Gw'nLu9Lsf cWoIf tyf csf] / fa # gDa/ k|b] z cWoIf s[i0fxl/ l3ld/ ] lxn] sf] sfo{qmd / k|: t'ltn] ;a} efiffk|lt 6'6] sf] dg hf] l8Psf] atfpFb} cfkm\gf] efiff cK7] / f] df k/ ] sf] ljifonfO{ csf{df bf] iff/ f] k0f gug{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . / ] l8of] ;dfj] zL a'6jnsf dLng ufxfn] efiff cfof] un] l;kmfl/ ;dfq} ug] { sfd

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/ fd|f] gePsf] ts{ ug'{eof] . efiff cfof] usf] bfo/ f km/ flsnf] x'g'kg] { pxfFsf] ;'emfj lyof] . … efiff cfof] u agfpgsf nflu dfq} agfPsf] ls ;fFRr} sfd ug{ agfPsf] <Ú pxfFsf] lh1f;f lyof] . / ] l8of] k"jf{~rn df] / ªsL sdnf sF8] nn] efiff;Fu hf] l8Psf] ljz] if sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/ ] sf] df csf] / fanfO{ wGojfb lbFb} ;GyfnL efiffdf sfo{qmd agfpg g;lsPsf] ;'gfpg'eof] . of] efiffdf / ] l8of] df af] Ng] dflg; g} kfpg ;lsFb} g . clg s] ug] { < csf] / fasf pkfWoIf ch'{g / fO{n] g] kfnLx?n] efiff, ;flxTo, snf / ;+: s[lt b] zsf ;DklQ x'g eGg] s'/ f cfTdfaf] w ug{ g;s] sf] l6Kk0fL ug'{eof] . d'n's oxfF;Dd cfOk'Ug ;a} hfthflt, efiffefifLsf] plQs} / ut kl;gf au] sf] 5, pxfFn] eGg'eof] . efiff cfof] u / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] efiffnfO{ k'FhLsf ?kdf u|x0f ug{ ;Sg'kg] { pxfFsf] ;'emfj lyof] . / ] l8of] dsfn' wgs'6fsf dxf;lrj g} g ljZjsdf{n] efiffn] cflTdotf a9fpg] s'/ f cg'ejl;4 ePsf] atfpFb} h'g ;d'bfodf uof] ToxL ;d'bfosf] efiff af] Ng ;lsof] eg] ckgTj a9\g] ts{ pxfFsf] lyof] .

csf] / fa ;lrj;d] t / xg'ePsL ;xhstf{ aGbgf bg'jf/ n] cfkm" klg nf] kf] Gd'v efiffsf] Ps k|ltlglw ePsf] atfpg'eof] . pbok'/ df bg'jf/ x?n] cfkm\gf] efiff lal;{;s] , xfdL / ] l8of] pbok'/ df sfd ug] { *) k|ltzt bg'jf/ 5f} +, xfd|f] efiff af] Ng] , ;'Gg] sf] xL 5} gg\, pxfFn] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] sfe|] af6 bg'jf/ efiff af] Ng hfGg] dflg; af] nfP/ / ] l8of] sf] : 6] zg cfO{8L / ] s8{ u/ fPsf] : d/ 0f ug''{eof] . bg'jf/ n] / ] l8of] s} kxndf b'O{j6f bg'jf/ efiffsf uLt / ] s8{ u/ fPsf] hfgsf/ L;d] t lbg'eof] .

;xhstf{ M km\nf] / af6 cfPsf lh1f;f / ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] efiff ;+/ If0fdf v] Ng ;Sg] e"ldsf;Fu hf] 8] / k|: t'tstf{x?n] cfkm\gf ljifo / flvlbg'xf] nf .

O{R5fk"0f{ / fO{ M cfkm\gf] klxrfgsf] g] t[Tj cfkm} +n] ug] { xf] , uf] Nr] ;fsL{n] ;fsL{ g} n] v] , e} / ] sfdLn] sfdL g} n] v] . af] n] sf sf/ 0f lha|f] sfl6Psf] , ;fj{hlgs : yfgdf af] Nbf h] n hfg'k/ ] sf] Oltxf; klg 5 . Oltxf;nfO{ la;] {/ xfdL;Fu h] 5, To;nfO{ ljsf; / ;+/ If0f u/ f} + . efiff l;Sg cj;/ rflxof] , ;+: yfut ljsf; ul/ g'k5{ . efiff l;s] / s] xL lau|Fb} g .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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lgh{gf zdf{ M o'g] : sf] n] s;/ L @)!( nfO{ efiff jif{ dgfPsf] eGg] ljifodf lh1f;f lyof] , of] lg0f{o ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3n] ljZje/ sf nflu u/ ] sf] xf] . o'g] : sf] n] efiffsf] If] qdf sfd ul/ / x] sf] eP/ e"ldsf lbOPsf] 5 . o;sf cfwf/ x?df cfO{Pncf] cfl6{sn !^(, ;+o'Qm / fi6«;+3sf] @))^ df cfPsf] cflbjf;L hghflt;DaGwL 3f] if0ffkq, ;g\ @)!$ df … cf] N8{ kmf] / d ckm OlG8lhg; lkknÚ eg] / cfof] hgf ul/ Psf] lyof] , h;n] efiffsf] If] qdf 7f] ; sfd ug{sf nflu cfx\jfg u/ ] sf] lyof] . cGt/ f{li6«o ?kdf ljleGg ;/ f] sf/ jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn u/ ] / } efiff jif{ 3f] if0ff ul/ Psf] xf] . efiffsf sf/ 0f klg sf] xL JolQm kl5 gk?g\ eGg] p2] Zo 5 . o'g] : sf] n] g] kfndf ;a} efiffdf sfd ug{ ;s] sf] 5} g, / ] l8of] sfo{qmd ul/ / x] s} 5f} + . ljBfyL{n] dft[efiffdf k9\g kfpg'k5{ eg] / o'g] : sf] n] kxn ul/ / x] sf] 5 .

e/ t lqkf7L M efiff cfof] u u7g, sfd st{Jo clwsf/ sf ljifodf d} n] k|: t'ltdf klg eg] sf] lyPF, g] kfndf ePsf dft[efiffx? klxrfg ug] {, lnlk ljsf; ug] {, Jofs/ 0f lgdf{0f, cWoog cg';Gwfg, ax; rnfP/ g] kfn ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;'emfj lbg u7g ePsf] xf] . efiff;Fu ;+: sf/ cfPg eGg] lh1f;f cfPsf] 5, ;+: sf/ l;sfpg] ljifo kf7\oqmddf / flvg] xf] . d} n] efiffsf ljifodf jsfnt ug'{kb} {g eg] sf] xf] Og . ca g] kfndf af] lng] ;a} efiff g] kfnsf dft[efiff eO;s] sf 5g\ . jsfntdfq} xf] Og, sfd u/ ] / b] vfpg] a] nf cfPsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgd} efiffsf ljifodf : ki6 5 . g] kfnsf efiff Pscsf{sf k|lt: kwL{ geP/ kl/ k"/ s x'g\ . If] qLsf] efiffsf lnlk gePsf] s'/ f cfof] , cfof] un] s] u5{ eGg'ePsf] 5, efiff cfof] u klg k"0f{ eO;s] sf] 5} g . ;ft k|b] zdWo] s0ff{nL k|b] zaf6 dfq} ;b: o aGg'ePsf] 5 . afFsL ^ k|b] zaf6 ;b: o g} cfpg'ePsf] 5} g . km] l/ klg efiff cfof] usf] sfd cWoog, cg';Gwfg / ;/ sf/ nfO{ ;'emfj lbg] xf] .

lgisif{

efiff ;+/ If0fdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsf ljifodf s] lGb|t 5nkmndf efiff cfof] u / o;sf sfd, df[tefiff lal;{/ x] sf] cj: yfdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ug{ ;Sg] sfdx?, ;fy} efiffsf sf/ 0f a9\g] ckgTj clg o'g] : sf] n] of] jif{nfO{ efiff jif{sf ?kdf dgfO/ x] sf] ljifon] k|fyldstf kfof] .

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k/ fdz{ @

cflbjf;L hghfltsf] pTs[i6 ;xeflutf ePsf] ÷cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff, snf, ;+: s[lt ;Da4{gnufotsf cflbjf;L hghfltsf ljifodf / fd|f] sfo{qmd agfO{ of] ubfg ul/ / x] sf s] xL / ] l8of] sf] k|: t'tLs/ 0f

;xhstf{ M >L nId0f v8\sf, sf] iffWoIf csf] / fa

k|: tf] tfx?M

�n >L b] js'df/ ;'g'jf/ , / ] l8of] s} / g / fd] 5fk

�n >L dLgfs'df/ L u'?ª, / ] l8of] d: of{ª\bL, ndh'ª

�n >L Ps/ fh rf} w/ L, / ] l8of] u'?afaf alb{of

�n >L 6Lcf/ lnDa", / ] l8of] d] g5] ofd, t] x|y'd

;fd'bflos / ] l8of] cflbjf;L hghfltsf nflu, cj;/ / r'gf} tL, ul/ Psf k|of; / ef] Ug' k/ ] sf ;d: ofnufotsf ljifodf s] lGb|t 5nkmndf / ] l8of] s} / g / fd] 5fksf b] js'/ df ;'g'jf/ , / ] l8of] d: of{ª\bL, ndh'ªsL dLgfs'df/ L u'?ªn] k|: t'lt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o: t} / ] l8of] u'?afaf alb{ofsf Ps/ fh rf} w/ L / / ] l8of] d] g5] ofd t] Xy'dsf 6Lcf/ lnDa"n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf efiff / d'2fnfO{ s] Gb|df / fv] / / ] l8of] ;~rfng ubf{sf cg'ej;lxtsf]

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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k|: t'lt, / ] l8of] ;~rfng;Fu hf] l8Psf ljljw kf6fkIfsf af/ ] df wf/ 0ff / fVg'ePsf] lyof] .

ax;sf] ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{ePsf csf] / fasf sf] iffWoIf nId0f v8\sfn] cflbjf;L hghfltsf s: tf ljifoj: t'x? k|;f/ 0fdf ;d] 6\g' ePsf] 5 < cflbjf;L hghfltsf s'g s'g efiffdf sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ k|;f/ 0f ug'{ePsf] 5 < cflbjf;L hghflt;DaGwL s: tf sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ k|;f/ 0f ug'{ePsf] 5 < s'n k|;f/ 0fsf] slt k|ltzt ;dodf cflbjf;L hghflt / efiffefifLsf ;jfn p7fpg' ePsf] 5 < cflbjf;L hghfltsf ljifo / ] l8of] df p7fpFbf s] s] ;d: of cfOk/ ] sf 5g\ < cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;DaGwdf ;xeflutf, : jfldTj tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0fdf ul/ Psf sfddWo] pTs[i6 pbfx/ 0f tyf k|of;x? s] s] 5g\ < eljiodf o; ljifodf cem nfUg] ;DaGwdf sfo{of] hgf s] 5 < h: tf k|Zgdfkm{t / ] l8of] , efiff / cflbjf;L hghfltsf ljifonfO{ vf] tNg] k|of; ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

b] js'df/ ;'g'jf/ , / ] l8of] s} / g / fd] 5fk

;fd'bflos /]l8of]df sfo{/t /xFbf g]kfn aflx/sf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] klg e|d0f ug]{ / ToxfFsf cflbjf;L hghflt;Fu cGt/lqmof ug]{ df}sf ldNof] . oL ;a} s'/faf6 g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf kIfdf v]Ng'kg]{ e"ldsf v]Ng g;s]sf] cg'e"lt eof] . xfdL cem} w]/} ljifodf cNemgd} 5f}+, :ki6tf 5}g . g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWod;Fu hf]l8P/ ug'{kg]{ y'k|} ax; 5g\, …g]kfnL ;~rf/dfWodx? cfjfhljxLgx?sf] cfjfh ePsf 5g\ t <Ú ;fdflhs, eflifs, hftLo ljljwtf / ax'ntf ePsf] xfd|f] ;dfhsf …;fd'bflos /]l8of] ljljw ;d'bfosf] cfjfh ag]sf 5g\ t <Ú eGg] 68\sf/f] k|Zg xfdL;fd' 5 . Jff:tfljstf s]nfpg] xf] eg] g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghfltx?df ;fdflhs, cfly{s, eflifs, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs ljsf; qmddf ;dfgtf 5}g . s]xL ;d'bfo dfgj ljsf;s} qmddf cflbd 3'dGt] cj:yfdf 5g\ eg] s]xL k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Ifd 5g\, t/ cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ Ps} 8fnf]df /fv]/ gLlt agfpg] kl/kf6L 5, o;df ;'wf/ Nofpg'k5{ . Hffltleq klg ljljwtf x]l/g'kb{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6«o cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg P]g @)%* hf/L u/]/, %( hfthfltnfO{ g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghflt x'g\ eg]sf] 5 . tL ;d'bfoaLr ;dfgtf 5}g .

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;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] e"ldsf vf]h / cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t ;"rgf / lzIff k|bfg ug]{ lbzfdf x'g'kg]{ xf] t/ kfOFb}g . ;a} lhNnfx?df PkmPd /]l8of]x? k'u], pgLx?n] ;"rgf / lzIff g} d'Vo p2]Zo /fv] t/ clwsf+z /]l8of] ;b/d'sfddf 5g\, tL /]l8of] ufpFsf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] kx'Fr aflx/ 5g\ . cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;Gbe{df eg] a'em]/ jf ga'em]/ pgLx?sf d'2f cf]em]ndf kg]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;~rfngdf /x]sf /]l8of]df slt ;dfg'kfltstf 5 eg]/ x]g{ h?/L 5, xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf cleoGtf cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ ;f]Wg'kg]{ lh1f;f 5g\, /]l8of]sf] pTkflbt sfo{qmd, ;dfrf/, lj1fkg, uLtx? slt k|ltzt :yfgLo ;d'bfon] af]Ng] efiffdf pTkfbg x'G5g\ / k|;f/0f x'G5g\ < cflbjf;Lx?n] af]Ng] / a'em\g] efiffdf sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ lbg] ls glbg] < o:tf k|Zgsf] pQ/ xfdLn] g} lbg'kg]{ 5 . clg :yfgLo efiffsf] sfo{qmd ;'gfOG5, slt ;dfg'kfltstf 5 . !* 3G6f k|;f/0fdf slt 306f efiffsf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug]{ ul/Psf] 5, To:tf hgzlQmnfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f txdf, ;'ljwf lng] txdf /flvG5 < Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{, tflnd, j}b]lzs e|d0fdf k|fyldstf lbOG5 < oL klg xfd|f cl3 plePsf k|Zg x'g\ . /]l8of]sf] d'Vo cfsif{0f ;dfrf/ xf], tL ;dfrf/df / sfo{qmdx?sf] ljifoj:t'df slt k|ltzt :yfgLo cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;jfn, d'2f / ljifoj:t'x? ;d]l6G5g\, o;sf] d"Nof+sg ug{ h?/L 5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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dft[efiffdf lzIffsf] w]/} rrf{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . v; g]kfnL efifLnfO{ :yfgLo z]kf{ efiffdf lzIff lbP cj:yf s:tf] xf]nf < g]kfnsf !@# efifLdWo] s]xL efiff :yfgLo ;/sf/, :yfgLo lzIff, :yfgLo ldl8ofsf] dfWod lsg x'g g;Sg] < oL xfd|f 5nkmnsf ljifo x'g'k5{ . tYof+scg';f/ g]kfndf af]lng] !@# efiffdWo] () k|ltzt cflbjf;Ln] af]N5 . #& efiff nf]kf]Gd'v cj:yfdf 5g\, @( efiffsf] jQmf Ps xhf/eGbf sd 5g\ . bh{geGbf a9L efiff d[t eO;s] . Yff? sl/a ̂ k|ltzt, tfdfª ̂ k|ltzt, g]jf/L $ k|ltzt, du/ # k|ltzt, lnDa" / u'?ª @ k|ltzt 5 . dft[efiff cflbjf;L hghfltsf] klxrfgsf] cfwf/dfq xf]Og, cleJolQmsf] dfWod;d]t xf] . pgLx?sf] dfq xf]Og b]zs} ;DklQ / ;Dkbf xf] . o;df uj{ ug'{k5{, ;+/If0fsf nflu /fHosf] ;fy} /]l8of]sf] klg bfloTj xf] .

dft[efiffdf lzIff / ;~rf/ ;~rfng ug{ dft[efifL ;d'bfon] g} nufgL ug'{kg]{ < /fHo, ;/sf/ / xfdLn] eg]sf] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] bfloTj s] < cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] kIf/fi6« ePkl5, b]vfpgs} nflu eP klg dft[efiffdf lzIff /6fg ul/Psf] 5 . lzIfs ;d'bfosf] ;|f]tdf /flvPsf 5g\, /]l8of]df sfo{qmd pTkfbg ug]{ :jo+;]jssf ?kdf 5g\, slt l6Sg ;S5 t < of] ax;sf] ljifo xf] . …d"nwf/sf elgg] ;~rf/dfWodx?n] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cfjfh g;d]6]kl5, cflbjf;Lx?n] cfkm\g} ;~rf/dfWodx? :yfkgf x'g'k5{ eGg] dfu / cleofgdf 5g\ .Ú cflbjf;L hghflt kqsf/ dxf;+3n] ;g\ @)!$ df u/]sf] Ps cWoognfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] b]zsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]dWo] em08} @) k|ltzt /]l8of]df dfq} cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutf / Joj:yfkgdf :jfldTj /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;f]xL cWoogcg';f/ hftLo l:yltsf] k|ltztnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] cflbjf;L hghfltleqsf g]jf/, du/ cu|k+lQmdf 5g\ .

Ps/ fh rf} w/ L, / ] l8of] u'?afaf alb{of

d sd} of k[i7e"ldaf6 cfPsf] dflg; x'F . cfkm} + klg sd} of lyPF . sd} of k'g: yf{kgfsf nflu sfd u/ ] kl5 ToxL ;d'bfosf nflu / ] l8of] df sfd ug] {u/ L lhNnf kms] {F . tTsfnLg cj: yfdf sd} of a;] sfdWo] (( k|ltzt yf? lyP . / ] l8of] u'?afaf @)^% ;fndf btf{ ePsf] xf] . alb{ofdf yf? %@ k|ltzt 5g\, xfd|f] / ] l8of] sf] d'Vo efiff yf? xf] .

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of] efiffdf %) k|ltzt / v; efiffdf %) k|ltzt sfo{qmd ;~rflnt 5 . klxn] ;o jf6sf] / ] l8of] xfn %)) jf6 ag] sf] 5 . b} lgs !) 306f #) ldg] 6 k|;f/ 0f ;do 5 . xfdL b'O{j6f p2] Zodf sfd u5f} {+, klxnf] yf? efiff ;+: s[lt ;+/ If0f, ;Da4{g / k|a4{g ug] { / csf] { yf?nfO{ : yfgLo txdf ;xefuL u/ fpg] , ;|f] tdf kx'Fr a9fpg] , cfly{s ?kdf ;DkGg u/ fpg] 5g .

yf?;Fu hf] l8Psf ;+: s[lt ;+sng ug] {, / ] l8of] df sfo{qmd agfpg] , ahfpg] ug] { u/ ] sf 5f} +, o;} qmddf yf? ;d'bfon] ljjfxdf ufpg] uLtsf] ;+u|x k|sflzt ul/ Psf] 5 . yf?x?sf] dxfef/ t klg tLg jif{ nufP/ tof/ u/ ] sf 5f} + . klxn] ;+sng, / ] l8of] df k|;f/ 0f / k': tssf ?kdf k|sfzg ug] { ul/ Psf] 5 . yf?x?sf] ljleGg k|yf, h: tf] a83/ ;+: s[lt lbg k|ltlbg x/ fpFb} uO/ x] sf] 5 . o: tf k|yf / ;+: s[lt hf] ufO/ fVg jsfnt ul/ / x] sf 5f+} + . xfdL ufpFkflnsf, gu/ kflnsf: t/ Lo a83/ ;~hfn u7g ul/ / x] sf 5f+} . u7g;Fu} ;dfrf/ sf] cled'vLs/ 0f klg ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . ut jif{ k|b] z % sf yf? ;d'bfosf ;a} ;f+;bnfO{ af] nfP/ 5nkmn u/ ] sf lyof} + . ;+;b\ ;lrjfnon] g} cfof] hgf u/ ] / of] jif{ @ j6f sfo{qmd eO;s] . o: tf k|yf ;+/ If0fsf nflu ljw] ossf] d: of} bf tof/ eO/ x] sf] 5 . xfdLn] g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ nfO{ yf? efiffdf cg'jfb u/ ] sf 5f} + . ;+ljwfgnfO{ $# j6f efudf / ] l8of] sfo{qmd agfP/ ahfof} +, dWo / ;'b"/ klZrdsf #) eGbf a9L / ] l8of] n] sfo{qmd lgMz'Ns ahfOlbP . xfn : yfgLo tx;Fu ldn] / ;fj{hlgs ;'g'jfO, cGt/ lqmof sfo{qmdx? ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . : yfgLo txdf yf? efiffnfO{ ;/ sf/ L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf]

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?kdf dfGotf lbgsf nflu njL eO/ x] sf] 5 . xfd|f] / ] l8of] : 6] zg ePsf] gu/ kflnsfn] yf? efiffnfO{ ;/ sf/ L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf] dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . yf? efiffdf ;dfrf/ , sfo{qmd ahfpFbf >f] tf;Fu k'u] sf 5f} + .

dLgfs'df/ L u'?ª, / ] l8of] d: of{ª\bL, ndh'ª

xfdLn] @)^$ ;fn j} zfv ! ut] / ] l8of] ahfPsf lyof} + . xfd|f] / ] l8of] ndh'ª lhNnfsf] klxnf] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] xf] . xfdLn] / ] l8of] ;'? ubf{ ;"rgf xfd|} efiffdf eg] / / ] l8of] sf] gf/ f agfPsf lyof} + . s] Gb|af6 k|;f/ 0f x'g] ;dfrf/ , lj1fkg g] kfnL efiffdf x'Gy] . / ] l8of] g] kfnaf6 kf] v/ f k|;f/ 0fdfkm{t xKtfdf Psk6s u'?ª efiffdf ;dfrf/ ;'Gg] u/ ] sf lyof} + . ToxL eP/ ;"rgf xfd|} efiffdf eGg] gf/ f / fv] sf lyof} + . xfdL g] kfnL;lxt !) j6f efiffaf6 >f] tfnfO{ ;Daf] wg ug] { u5f} { . xfdLn] u'?ª efiffdf ;dfrf/ ahfPsf] Ps ;ftfdf : yfgLo dlxnfn] cfkm\gf] efiffdf ;dfrf/ ahfPsf] v';Ldf / ] l8of] d} cfP/ !) xhf/ cfly{s ;xof] u ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g] kfnL efiffdf ;dfrf/ eGbf : ki6 gx'g' : jfefljs lyof] .

;d'bfo, rf] sdf a;] / xfd|f] cfnf] rgf klg eof] , kl5 pgLx?n] / ] l8of] d} cfP/ ;xof] u u/ ] . xfd|f] lgoldt ;"rgf ;Gb] zdWo] !) k|ltzt : yfgLo u'?ª efiffd} ahfOlbg cg'/ f] w cfpF5 . u'?ª ;d'bfosf] ;dfrf/ / / ] l8of] l/ kf] 6{df a9L k|fyldstf lbPsf 5f} + . xfdL !) hgf sd{rf/ LdWo] cGo ;d'bfosf $ hgf / ^ hgf cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfoaf6 5f} + . xfdL u'?ªx?sf] ;fd'bflos ejgdf a: 5f} +, xfdLnfO{ u'?ªsf] / ] l8of] klg eGg] u5{g\ .

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6Lcf/ lnDa", / ] l8of] d] g5ofd, t] x|y'd

xfdLn] ] d] g5fofd ;~rf/ ;xsf/ L ;+: yfdfkm{t of] / ] l8of] ;~rfng u/ ] sf 5f} + . d] g5fofdsf] cy{ lnDa" efiffdf o'jtL plePsf] 8fF8f x'G5, clxn] : yfgLo txsf] gfd klg d] g5fofdf ufpFkflnsf ePsf] 5 . @)^$ ;fn df3 !! ut] af6 k|;f/ 0f ;'? ul/ Psf] lyof] . ;'?df !)) / xfn %)) jf6 k|;f/ 0f Ifdtf 5 . t] x|y'ddf $) k|ltzt lnDa" hfltsf] a;f] af; 5 . xfdLn] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/ df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . lnDa" efiffdf % j6f sfo{qmd rnfO/ x] sf 5f} + . z] kf{, du/ , tfdfª efiffdf klg sfo{qmd pTkfbg tyf k|;f/ 0f ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . xfdLsxfF aHg] ;"rgf ;Gb] z klg : yfgLo efiffdf w] / } 5g\ .

xfdL;Fu s] xL ;do klxn] sf] efiff;Fu hf] l8Psf] Pp6f k|;+u 5 . lhNnf : jf: Yo sfof{non] dlxnfx?sf] cfª v: g] ;d: ofsf] pkrf/ sf nflu sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/ ] sf] lyof] . g] kfnL efiffdf w] / } lbg ;"rgf ahfof} + t/ ;xeflutf lgs} sd eof] . klxnf] lbg lrlsT;sn] ;d: of sd / x] 5 eGg] k|ltlqmof lbP . xfdLn] tTsfn lnDa" efiffdf ;"rgf agfP/ ahfof} +, bf] ;|f] lbg ;d: of lnP/ cfpg] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof lgs} a9\of] . of] efiffsf sf/ 0f lyof] . sfo{qmdkl5 : jf: Yo sfof{nosf sd{rf/ Ln] klxn] g} lnDa" efiffdf klg ;"rgf ahfpg] s'/ f lsg gug'{ePsf] eg] sf lyP . xfdL / ] l8of] df c+u|] hL, lxGbL efiff ahfpFb} gf} + . kmf] g p8fpFbf klg x] nf] eGb} gf} + . ;] jf/ f] , gd: sf/ eG5f} + . sfo{qmd, ;dfrf/ , uLt ;+uLt klg

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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hg;+Vofsf] k|ltztsf] cfwf/ df ahfpF5f} + . xfdL !@ sd{rf/ LdWo] & hgf lnDa" 5f} + . afFsL c? 5g\ . / ] l8of] sf] cfkm\g} ejg 5 . / ] l8of] n] / l;b sf6\bf klg g] kfnL / lnDa"df n] lvPsf] / l;b lbG5f} + . lgjf{rgsf a] nf ahfpg] ;"rgf klg : yfgLo efiffdf ahfPsf lyof} + . xfdLnfO{ r'gf} tL of] lnDa"sf] / ] l8of] eGg] u5{g\ .

km\nf] /

k|: t'ltkl5 ;xefuLn] cfkm\gf / ] l8of] sf] cg'ej, ;'emfj, wf/ 0ff / lh1f;f / fv] sf lyP . km\nf] / af6 / ] l8of] s[i0f;f/ PkmPd g] kfnu~hsf t'nf clwsf/ Ln] / ] l8of] ;Fu s] lGb|t 5nkmn ls t clt{ lbg] ls t ck] Iff ug] { vfnsf x'g] u/ ] sf] eGb} ca af6f] abNg'kg] { a] nf cfO;s] sf] wf/ 0ff / fVg'eof] . pxfFn] efiffefifLsf sfo{qmd pTkfbg / k|;f/ 0f ul/ / x] sf 5f} + ls 5} gf} +, lg/ Gt/ tf lbg ;lsPsf] 5} gf} + eg] lsg 5} gf} + eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug'{k5{ . @)^# ;fndf vf] lnPsf] cfkm" ;Da4 s[i0f;f/ PkmPdn] klg ;'?df yf?, cjlw, pb"{ efiffdf ;dfrf/ ;'? u/ ] sf] lyof] . t/ tLgj6} ;dfrf/ nfO{ lg/ Gt/ tf lbg ;lsPg . pxfFx?nfO{ l6sfpg g;Sg' g] t[Tjsf] lx;fan] d] / f] sdhf] / L xf] nf t/ pxfFx?n] g} ckgTj

lng ;Sg'ePg . xfd|f sfo{of] hgf agfpFbf o: tf ;d: of ;dfwgsf nflu klg pkfo vf] hf} + . / ] l8of] aLrdf ;dGjo u/ ] / sfd ug{ kfPsf] eP lbuf] x'g] lyof] .

z'SnfkmfF6f PkmPd s~rgk'/ sf lji0f' cj: yLn] @)^# ;fnb] lv g} g] kfnL ;Fu;Fu} ;'b"/ klZrddf af] lng] 8f] 6] nL, / fgf yf? / rf} w/ L yf? efiffdf ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmd pTkfbg tyf k|;f/ 0f ul/ xFbf s;} n] klg xfd|f] efiffdf sfo{qmd u/ ] sf] df wGofjfb geg] sf] / efiffsf] hu] {gf ul/ lbg'ePsf] 5, ;"rgf ahfOb] p eGg klg sf] xL gcfPsf] ;'gfpg'eof] . / ] l8of] nfO{ kmfObf x'g] pkfP ;'emfOlbg' x'g cg'/ f] w 5 .

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/ ] l8of] a'4cfjfh slknj: t'sf Zofd rf} w/ Ln] efiffefifLsf sfo{qmd ug{ cfpg] l;Sg] / lx8\g] eO/ x] sf] 5, l6sfpg ;lsPsf] 5} g . yf? ;d'bfosf] ljljwtfh: t} efiffdf klg km/ s 5 .

cdfs{sf ;'dg a: g] tn] k|Zgstf{nfO{ lh1f;f / fVb} pb"{, yf? efiffsf ;dfrf/ lbg g;lsPsf] eGg'ePsf] 5, To;df pb"{efifLn] rnfPsf] / ] l8of] df pb"{ / yf? efifLn] rnfPsf] / ] l8of] df yf? efiffdf ;dfrf/ lbg ;d: of k/ ] sf] ls u} / pb"{ / u} / yf? efifLn] rnfPsf] / ] l8of] df ;d: of k/ ] sf] xf] < / ] l8of] lqo'uf pbok'/ sf sf} zn r] Dhf] ªn] efiffefifLsf sfo{qmd aGb x'g'sf sf/ 0f vf] Hg g;s] sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof] , xfdLn] efiff k|j4{g ug{sf nflu ckgfOPsf gLlt / pkfP j} 1flgs 5g\ ls 5} gg\ eGg] s'/ f klxn] x] g'{k5{ . cWooglag} cg'dfgsf cfwf/ df sfd ul/ / x] sf 5f} + . cj;/ sf] cefjsf sf/ 0f efiff eflifsfsf cleefjsn] g} ;GtfgnfO{ cfkm\gf] efiff gl;sfPsf] pxfFsf] bfaL lyof] . d'Vo s'/ f cj;/ ePsf] atfpFb} pxfFn] ;dfrf/ sIf slQsf] ;dfj] zL 5 eg] / Wofg lbg h?/ L / x] sf] df hf] 8 lbg'eof] .

csf] / fa s0ff{nL k|b] zsf cWoIf;d] t / xg'ePsf / ] l8of] / fKtL ;Nofgsf / d] z uf} tdn] ;DalGwt efiffdf sfo{qmd ul/ / x] sf / ] l8of] n] ;f] xL efiff;Fu hf] 8] / / ] l8of] sf] kl/ ro cfpFbf lsg cf/ f] k dflgPsf] xf] nf < uf} / a ug'{kg] { xf] Og / eg] / k|Zg ug'{eof] < pxfFn] / fli6«o efiff g] kfnL, cGt/ f{li6«o efiff c+u|] hL / To;kl5 c? efiffsf ljsf;sf] s'/ f ul/ g'kg] { ts{ ug'{eof] .

cdfs{sf ;'dg a: g] tsf] k|Zgsf] hjfkmdf s[i0f;f/ PkmPdsf t'nf clwsf/ Ln] h;sf nflu xf] p;} n] g] t[Tj ug'{kg] { tl/ sfn] x] bf{ ;d: of ;'? ePsf] xf] eGg'eof] , clwsf/ Ln] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] cfkm\gf] If] qsf ;a} efiffsf >f] tfsf nflu sfo{qmd k|;f/ 0f ug'{ bfloTj ePsfn] ljljw efiffdf sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ k|;f/ 0f u/ ] sf] atfpg'eof] . xfn / ] l8of] df sfd ul/ / x] sf sd{rf/ L ljleGg efiffefifLsf eP/ klg pxfFx?df leq} af6 x'6x'6L gb] lvPsf] pxfFsf] ts{ lyof] . cfkm"n] pxfFx?nfO{ hfu?s u/ fpg g;s] sf] n] ;'emfjsf nflu ljifoj: t' / fv] sf] clwsf/ Lsf] egfO lyof] .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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;xhstf{ M efiffefifLsf o'jfk': tfn] cfkm\gf] efiff gaf] n] sf] , cfTdLotf b] vfpg g;s] sf] cg'ej d;Fu klg 5, km\nf] / af6 p7] sf lh1f;sf] hjfkmsf nflu k|: t'tstf{x?nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' .

Ps/ fh rf} w/ LM ldl8ofsf] s'/ f ubf{ hlxn] klg d} n] ldl8of ;fd|fHosf] s'/ f p7fpg] u/ ] sf] 5', ldl8ofsf] ;~rfns sf] xf] , s'g p2] Zon] ;~rfng ePsf] 5 eGg] ljifo klxn] a'em\g h?/ L 5 . / ] l8of] ;~rfnsn] cfkm\gf] nf] slk|otf s;/ L a9\5 eGg] ljifo a'em\g'k5{ . cflbjf;Lx?n] clxn] ;Dd of] b] zsf nflu nufgL u/ ] To;sf] Ifltk"lt{sf nflu xfdLn] of] ubfg ug'{k5{ . Tof] s;/ L, s;n] ug] { xf] , t/ x'g'k5{ . efiffefifLsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ / ] l8of] / ] l8of] aLr ;dGjo ug{ ;lsG5 . : yfgLo txn] ;xof] u u/ ] afkt / ] l8of] dfly sAhf ug{ vf] lh/ x] sf 5g\, cfkm"lj?4 gaf] Ng ghflgFbf] tl/ sfn] wDSofO/ x] sf 5g\ . ldl8ofdf / fhgLlts nufgL ug] { kl/ kf6L klg aGb ul/ g'k5{ .

b] j ;'g'jf/ M efiffefifLsf] sfo{qmdnfO{ : yfloTj lbg] pkfPsf af/ ] df k|Zg cfPsf] 5, xfdLn] / ] l8of] / cflbjf;L hghflt l6eL rnfPsf 5f} + . cflbjf;L hghfltsf efiffleq klg ljljwtf 5 . / fO{ efiffleq dfq} ## j6f efiff af] lnG5 . xfdLn] 6] lnlehg sfo{qmd rnfpFbf s'g} hfltsf] sfo{qmd rnfpg'k¥of] eg] Tof] efiffsf nflu jsfnt ug] { ;+: yf, hftLo ;+u7g;Fu a;] / 5nkmn u5f} } +{ . sfo{qmd ;~rfng / ;dLIff eO/ xG5 . h'g lhNnf jf If] qdf xfdL 5f} +, Tof] 7fpFdf s'g efiffefifL af] Ng] ;d'bfo a9L 5g\, To;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg'k5{ . ljBfnodf g] kfnL, ldl8of g] kfnL, Gofofno g] kfnLdf 5, cGt/ f{li6«o efiff c+u|] hL 5, clg ufx|f] ePsf] 5 . o;df gLltut kxn ul/ g'k5{ . lzIff, ;"rgf klg dft[efiffdf x'g'k5{ . h;/ L xfdL dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf] pbfx/ 0fLo 5 eG5f+} , cflbjf;L hghfltsf] klg cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf nflu kxn ul/ g'k5{ .

dLgfs'df/ L u'?ªM efiffefifLsf sfo{qmd ug] { ;fyLx?nfO{ / ] l8of] df km'n6fOd sfddf ;xefuL u/ fpg ;lsof] eg] ;lhnf] x'G5 . cfkm" ;+nUg / ] l8of] nfO{ hflt jf efiff ljz] ifsf] eGg] cf/ f] ksf] s'/ f cfPsf] lyof] , xfdLn] klg ndh'ªsf] / ] l8of] d: of{ª\bL u'?ªsf nflu dfq} eg] / vf] n] sf lyPgf} +, efiffnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPsf] dfq} xf] . c? efiffdf klg sfo{qmd 5, t/ eGg] n] o: tf] klg eG5g\ eg] sf] dfq} xf] .

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6Lcf/ lnDa"M xfdLn] lnDa" efiffdf a9L sfo{qmd u/ ] sf xf} +, v;cfo{sf] klg sfo{qmd 5 . xfdLn] klg : jLsf/ u/ ] sf 5f} +, lnDa" / ] l8of] elgof] eg] : jfefljs xf] , cf/ f] k 7fGb} gf} + . efiff lauf/ ] sf] cf/ f] ksf ljifodf klg s'/ f cfof] , sfo{qmd k|: tf] tf klg efiffdf lj1 5 ls 5} g eGg] s'/ fn] dxTj / fV5 . c? / ] l8of] df s] 5 hfgsf/ L ePg, / ] l8of] d] g5] ofddf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug] { JolQmx? tL efiffdf lj1 x'g'x'G5 . ;fd'bflos cjwf/ 0ffn] vf] lnPsf] / ] l8of] df cflbjf;L hghfltsf sfo{qmd lg/ Gt/ tf lbg g;Sg' eg] sf] / ] l8of] g} nIodf k'Ug g;Sg' xf] . cfly{s hf] xf] s;/ L ug] { eGg] ljifo ;a} sf] ;d: of xf] , xfd|f] xsdf ;|f] tsf] cefj 5} g .

lgisif{ / ;'emfj

�n g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ df sltko ;jfnx? ;Daf]wg eP t/ sltko ljifox? k'gM ax;df n}hfg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]b jf cf/If0fsf] ljjfbdf yk ax; cfjZos 5 .

�n g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] Wff/f @& df ;fj{hflgs ;/f]sf/sf s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] / kfpg] gful/ssf] df}lns xssf] ?kdf ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . cflbjf;Lsf] ;Gbe{df pgLx?n] af]Ng] / a'em\g] efiffdf ;"rgf kfpg'k5{ .

�n /]l8of] sfo{qmd dft[efiffdf pTkfbg ug{, dft[efifL ;~rf/sdL{sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ ;|f]tsf] r'gf}tL 5 . o;sf nflu /fHon] nufgL ug'{k5{ .

�n g]kfnsf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cfkm\g} dft[efiff / lnlk 5 . of] pgLx?sf] dfq xf]Og b]zs} ;DklQ xf] . g]kfnsf] ;a} lgsfo / ;+/rgfdf ax'eflifs gLltdf dfq xf]Og ;fd'bflos /]l8of] klg ax'eflifs /]l8of] :6]zgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ul/g'k5{ .

�n ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf] l;4fGtsf sf/0f g]kfndf dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj x/]s If]qdf ljZjdf pbfx/0fLo ag]sf] 5 . dlxnfleq ljljwtf cem} r'gf}tL 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ax'ntf / ljljwtf k|j4{g ug{, /]l8of]sf] x/]s txdf -/]l8of]sf] lg0ff{os tx, Joj:yfkg / sd{rf/L egf{ ubf{_ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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;'lglZrttfsf] nflu cy{k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf] l;4fGt nfu" ul/g'k5{ .

�n ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] cfjfh ;d]6\g / ;xeflutf a9fpg, dft[efiffdf sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ pTkfbg ug{, dft[efifL ;~rf/sdL{sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 / sfo{qmd lgdf{0fdf nufgL a9fOg'k5{ . clgjfo{ ?kn] hg;f+lvs k|ltlglwTjsf] cfwf/df ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dft[efiffsf] sfo{qmd / ;drf/ pTkfbg ul/g'k5{ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;zQmLs/ 0fsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsf / casf] af6f] 5nkmn tyf ;'emfj ;+sng

;xhstf{ M

�n >L e"ld rfkfufO{F, k|d'v n] vf ;ldlt csf] / fa . �n >L afns[i0f kf] v/ ] n, sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs csf] / fa .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;zQmLs/ 0fsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] e"ldsf / casf] af6f] sf ljifodf ;xefuLx?af6 ;'emfj ;+sng ul/ Psf] lyof] . csf] / fasf n] vf ;ldlt k|d'v e"ld rfkfufO{ / csf] / fasf sfo{sf/ L lgb] {zs afns[i0f kf] v/ ] nn] ;xhLs/ 0f ug'{ePsf] 5nkmn tyf ;'emfj ;+sngsf qmddf / ] l8of] sdL{, cleoGtf, lj1, efiffljb\nufotn] cfcfkm\gf] wf/ 0ff / fVg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;q, ljifout k/ fdz{ / ;'emfjsf ?kdf cfPsf ljifox?nfO{ ;d] 6] / ;fd'bflos ax'ntf / ljljwtfsf] ;Da4{g, ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf sfo{of] hgf tof/ ul/ Psf] xf] .

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lgisif{ / pknlAw

/fli6«o ufgdf elgPh:t} g]kfn ax'n hflt, efiff / ljzfn ;+:s[lto'Qm b]z xf] . efiff / e"uf]nn] dflg;sf] ;fldKotfnfO{ a9fpF5 . g]kfndf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] :yfkgfkl5 cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutf / :yfgLo efiffefifLsf sfo{qmdnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOof] . /]l8of] g]kfn / g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf s]xL rNtLsf efiffdf ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmd k|;f/0f x'g] u/] klg ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] :yfkgfkl5 g]kfndf af]lng] !@# dWo] &) eGbf a9L efiffdf ;dfrf/, sfo{qmd, cGtjf{tf{ / cGo ljifoj:t' k|;f/0f ul/of] . ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutf al9/x]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] ;xeflutf tyf efiffsf] k|j4{g / ;Da4{gsf nflu k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfg, o; If]qdf ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/ / dxTjaf/] a[xQ/ 5nkmn ug{ csf]/fan] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df …;fdflhs ax'ntf / ljljwtfsf] ;Da4{g, ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf cflbjf;L hghfltÚ zLif{sdf wgs'6f lxn]df /fli6«o k/fdz{ cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] .

b]ze/af6 !%) eGbf a9L ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf cleoGtf Pj+ ;~rfns, lj1, efiffsf 1ftf, ;~rf/dfWoddf :yfgLo efiffsf] k|of]udf cEof;/t cg'ejLx?, k|fWofks / ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] pkl:yltdf /fli6«o k/fdz{ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . k/fdz{n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutf / efiffeflifsf ;dfrf/ tyf sfo{qmd aHg yfn]kl5 >f]tfdf a9]sf] ckgTjsf] k|z+;f ub}{ :yfgLo:t/df ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] :yfgLo / ToxfFsf] efiffnfO{ k|fyldstf lbPdfq} lbuf] x'g ;Sg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] :yfgLo efiff / ;xeflutfnfO{ ;d]6] klg hgzlQm cefjnufotsf ljljw ;d:of b]vfP/ efiffsf ;dfrf/ tyf sfo{qmd aGb x'g] u/]sf] ljifok|lt lrGtf hfx]/ ub}{ :yfgLotf emNsfpg] / efiff ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug{] ljifodf ;+j]bgzLn aGg ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ emSemsfPsf] 5 . lj1x?sf] ;'emfj, cEof;df /x]sf /]l8of]x?sf] cg'ej cfbfgk|bfgn] cfufdL af6f] to ug{ yk ;xh agfPsf] 5 .

u|fdL0f ;'dbfon] cfkm\g} efiff / njhdf ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L kfpg] clwsf/sf] /Iff ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbFb} sfo{qmdn] sfo{of]hgf / 3f]if0ffkq;d]t

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hf/L u/]sf] 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] cflbjf;L hghfltn] af]Ng] efiffk|lt ljZjsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} o;sf] ;+/If0f, k|rf/k|;f/ / nf]kf]Gd'v efiffx?nfO{ k'ghL{ljt ug{, …lbuf] ljsf;, zflGt / d]nldnfksf nflu efiffÚ eGg] gf/f;lxt ;g\ @)!( nfO{ ;+;f/e/sf cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o efiff jif{ 3f]if0ff u/L dgfO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df klg sfo{qmdn] dxTj kfPsf] 5 . ;DejtM g]kfndf ;~rf/dfWod / efiffnfO{ lnP/ ul/Psf] o; lsl;dsf] klxnf] j[xQ/ 5nkmnn] tof/ u/]sf sfo{of]hgf / 3f]if0ffkqsf k|lta4tfnfO{ d"n pknlAwsf ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 . ;Fu} ;/sf/ / ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ul/Psf] dfunfO{ klg cem w]/} ;'lgg] u/L k'¥ofpg] bfloTj sfo{qmdn] ;a} ;fd'bflos /]l8of]nfO{ ylklbPsf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df efiff;Fu hf]8]/ ul/Psf yfngL, cEof;, cK7]/f / ;kmntfsf syf cfbfgk|bfg ub}{ ;'emfj ;+sng u/L To;}sf cfwf/df sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/g' sfo{qmdsf] ;sf/fTds kf6f] xf] .

ljleGg cg';Gwfgx?n] cNk;+Von] af]Ng] efiffx? lj:tf/} nf]k x'Fb} uO/x]sf]] tYo ;fj{hlgs ul//xFbf cfof]lht sfo{qmddf ePsf] ljljwfo'Qm ;xeflutf, ljx+ud 5nkmn, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] cfltYo / ckgTjn] klg sfo{qmdsf] cf}lrTonfO{ k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] Oltxf;d} klxnf]k6s, csf]/fan] efiffnfO{ s]Gb|df /fv]/ /fli6«o:t/sf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf / ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg u/]sf] xf] . ;a} ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] g]t[Tj / lg0ff{os txdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hg;+Vof / ljljwtfsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrtf ug{ k|lta4tf hgfOg', pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f ;fdu|Ldf k|ltzt tf]s]/ ;'lglZrttfsf] k|lta4tf cfpg'h:tf ljifo lxn] sfo{qmdsf d'Vo pknlAw x'g\ . cfkm}+n] ul//x]sf] sfdsf] ;dLIff, cfkm\g} sfo{z}nLk|lt cfnf]rgf, cfkm}+nfO{ lh1f;f / ;dfwfgsf nflu cfkm\g} sfo{of]hgf agfpg] ljifodf ePsf] ;kmntfn] lxn] sfo{qmd ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] Oltxf;df sf];]9'+uf ;fljt ePsf] 5 .

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ljljwtf, ax'ntf / n}lËs ;dfgtf M ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf

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k[i7e"ld

g]kfndf ;~rfngdf /x]sf #%) eGbf a9L ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] b"/b/fhdf /x]sf cfjfhljxLg dlxnf tyf cGo k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf] cfjfh a'nGb u/L pgLx?sf] cj:yf, ;d:of tyf r'gf}tL klg phfu/ ul//xsf 5g\ . t'ngfTds ?kdf dlxnf ;d'bfodf lg/If/tfsf] b/ pRr /x]sfn] pgLx?nfO{ 5fkf dfWodaf6 ;"rgf k|fKt ug{ sl7g 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] zlQm eg]s} o;sf] k|;f/0f ;a} u|fdL0f If]qdf k'Ug' xf] . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] dlxnfsf] :jfldTj tyf ;xeflutf clej[l4df ljz]if of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ eg] dlxnf nlIft sfo{qmd tyf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f u/L dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fdf ;d]t cd"No of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;d'bfosf] ;xh kx'Fr / cfkm\gf ljifoj:t' ;fd'bflos /]l8of]dfk{mt phfu/ x'g] ePsfn] dlxnf tyf cGo ;d'bfosf] ljZjf; k|0ffnLnfO{ a9fpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 .

log} s'/fx?nfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3 -csf]/fa_ g]kfnn] wflbªsf :yfgLo tx, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] ljZj ;+u7g cdfs{ Pl;of Kofl;lkms / jN8{lehg OG6/g]zgn g]kfn;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf …ljljwtf, ax'ntf / n}lËs ;dfgtf, ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutfÚ /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmd u/]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos k|;f/0f;Fu cfj4 dlxnf g]t[Tj, /]l8of] kqsf/ / ljifout lj1 Ps} 7fpFdf e]nf eO{ g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] n}lª\us ;dfgtf / ljz]ifu/L dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf] ;dLIff ub}{ cfufdL lbgdf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf / :jfldTj k|j4{gdf /]l8of]sf] e"ldsf / cfufdL af6f] vf]hL ub}{ dfu{bz{g ug]{ d'Vo p2]Zo;fy @)&^ k'; * / ( ut] wflbªsf] uN5L ufpFkflnsfl:yt a}/]gLdf sfo{qmd eof] . sfo{qmddf b]ze/af6 k|ltlglwTj ub}{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf dlxnf k|ltlglw, csf]/fa sfo{;ldlt, gLlt lgdf{tf, ljsf; ;fem]bf/, dlxnf;DaGwL ;fd'bflos ;+3;+:yf, ljleGg ;~hfndf cfj4 k|ltlglw, :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglw, ;fd'bflos ;~rf/ / dlxnf clwsf/;DaGwL ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt ljifout lj1;d]t ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

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&) k|ltzteGbf a9L dlxnf ;xefuL /x]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf n}lËs ;dfgtf / ljz]ifu/L dlxnf;Fu hf]l8Psf d'Vo ;jfn, ljBdfg P]g–lgod / sfg'gsf ;fy} k/Dk/fut ?kdf rlncfPsf xflgsf/s cEof;x?sf] cGTosf lglDt ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf tkm{af6 ;~rfng ug{'kg{] sfo{qmd / cleofgsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] 5 .

cGo ;~rf/dfWodsf] t'ngfdf lsg ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] dlxnfsf d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg'k5{ < s;/L ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] :jfldTj / ;xeflutf a9fpg ;lsG5 < xfd|f ;fem]bf/Lsf ;jfn / If]qx? s] x'g\ / s] x'g ;S5g\ < nufot ljifoj:t'df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . k/fdz{n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf tkm{af6 dlxnfsf d'2f tyf ;jfn, tTsfn / bL3{sfnLg ?kdf ug{'kg{] sfo{x?nfO{ ;d]6]/ !@ a'Fb] wflbª 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/]sf] 5 . 3f]if0ffkqsf] cfwf/df csf]/fan] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpg / ljifoj:t'sf] ljljwtfsf] lglDt sfo{of]hgf agfpg] 5 . ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnfsf] ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]/ cfof]hgf ul/Psf] pQm sfo{qmddf cf}krfl/s pb\3f6g;q zqsf ;fy} ljleGg ljifout ax; / 3f]if0ffkq tyf sfo{of]hgf tof/L ug]{ zqx? ;~rfng ul/Psf lyP .

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pb\3f6g ;q

/fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;qsf] cWoIftf ;+3sf cWoIf ;'jf; vltj8fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . k|d'v cltly /fli6«o ;efsf pkfWoIf zlzsnf bfxfnn] kfg;df aQL afn]/ sfo{qmdsf] ;d'b\3f6g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o sNkgf zdf{ rfkfufO{, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt wflbªsf

k|d'v huGgfy g]kfn, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] ljZj ;+u7g, cdfs{ Pl;of k|zfGt If]q dlxnf ;~hfnsf ;+of]hs lgDdL rf}xfg, w'gLa]+;L gu/kflnsf k|d'v afns[i0f cfrfo{, uN5L ufpFkflnssf cWoIf s[i0fxl/ >]i7, Hjfnfd'vL ufpFkflnsf cWoIf ljgf]b ltldlN;gf, uN5L ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf /fwf ltldlN;gf, ;+sNksf cWoIf Pj+ clwsf/sdL{ lnnL yfkf, wflbªsf :yfgLo txsf k|ltlglwnufotsf] pkl:ylt lyof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xdf csf]/fasf] tkm{af6 cWoIf ;'jf; vltj8fn] ;Dd]ngsf] p2]Zo;lxt :jfut dGtJo /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf] ;xhLs/0f csf]/fasf ;lrj aGbgf bg'jf/n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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o; /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL k|d'v cltly, ;Dk"0f{ cltlyHo"x? / ;xeflutfsf nflu k"j{b]lv klZrd;Dd, tfKtn]h'ªb]lv 88]nw'/f, bfr'{nf;Ddaf6 uN5L ufpFkflnsfsf] lhG6]6f/df cfOk'Ug'ePsf ;a}nfO{ csf]/fasf tkm{af6 xflb{s :jfut 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of] cleofg / o;sf ljleGg cfofdx?sf af/]sf xfdL b'O{lbg;Dd j[xt 5nkmn / ax; ug]{ 5f}+ .

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cfh tkfO{ xfd|f] xftdf ;"rgf 5, cleJolQmsf] kx'Fr klg 5, oBlk o;sf] ljZj;gLotfdfly xfdL k|Zg p7fO/x]sf 5f}+ . lsgls xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;d'bfosf] :jfldTj / ;lqmotfsf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+, ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf / ?lrsf ljifoj:t' ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df cfpg'k5{ eGg] cleofgdf xfdL 5f}+ .

g]kfndf ;fd'bflos /]l8of] cleofg ;'? ePsf] @@ jif{ gf3]sf] 5 / ljz]ifu/L )^@÷^# sf] cfGbf]ngkl5 g]kfndf PkmPd /]l8of]x?sf] :yfkgfn] tLj|tf kfof] . ;fd'bflos /]l8of] && j6} lhNnfdf ;~rflnt 5g\, &) eGbf a9L efiffdf sfo{qmd / ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f x'G5g\, of] xfd|f] ljz]iftf xf] / o;leq klg cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutfsf] ;jfn, dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf, ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf / pxfFx?sf] :jfldTjnfO{ cem s;/L ;jn kfg{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;jfnfO{ xfdL 5nkmn / ax;sf] ljifo agfO/x]sf 5f}+ oBkL g]kfndf ePsf c? s'g} klg ;~rf/dfWoddf olt w]/} efiffdf ;dfrf/ / sfo{qmd k|;f/0f x'Fb}gg\ .

xfdLleq olt w]/} ljljwtf 5g\, Tof] xfdL c? ;~rf/dfWoddf kfpg ;Qm}gf}+ . oltdf dfq} xfdL ;Gt'i6 eO{ lrQ a'emfP/ a;]sf 5}gf}+ . cem ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo, h;sf] sltko kx'Fr k'Ug'kg]{ 7fpFdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g, sltkosf] cfjfh ;'lgFb}g, xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]nfO{ cfjfhljxLgsf] cfjfh elg/x]sf 5f}+ . c? ;~rf/dfWoddf kx'Frjfnfx?sf] /fd|f] af]njfnf

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xf]nf, pxfFx?sf] ljifoj:t'x? k|;f/0f xf]nfg\ t/ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?df Tof]eGbf km/s lsl;dsf] ;d'bfosf] cfjfh k|:t't eO/x]sf] 5 .

lsg xfdLn] dlxnf e]nf u¥of}+, lsg xfdL o; ljifodf a[xt 5nkmn ul//x]sf 5f}+ < k';sf] of] lr;f]df slt 6f9fb]lvsf ;fyLx? hDdf ePsf 5f}+ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] ljZj ;+u7g, cdfs{ Pl;of k|zfGt If]q dlxnf ;~hfnsf ;+of]hs lgDdL rf}xfg cfpg'ePsf] 5 . Pl;of k|zfGt If]qdf dlxnfsf] cj:yf s:tf] 5 < pxfFaf6} ;'G5f}+ . lnnL yfkf x'g''x'G5, jt{dfg cj:yfdf g]kfndf dlxnfsf d'2f, dlxnfsf ;jfn s] s] x'g\ eGg] ljifodf pxfFn] s]xL s'/f /fVg'x'g] 5 .

dlxnfsf d'2f, dlxnfsf ;jfndf xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x? sxfF 5f}+ t, xfdL dlxnf g} ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf :6]zg Dofg]h/ 5f}+, ;dfrf/ k|d'v 5f}+, sfo{qmd k|d'v 5f}+ t/ d'2frflxF s;sf] p7fO/x]sf 5f}+ < s] xfdL dlxnfsf d'2f p7fO/x]sf 5f}+, cfhsf] lbgdf dlxnfsf d'2f s] s] x'g\, xfd|f] ;+ljwfgn] xfdLnfO{ s] lbPsf] 5 < xfdLn] :jtGttfsf], ;dfgtfsf], cfwf/e"t dfgjclwsf/sf], cfTd;Ddfgsf] clwsf/ k|fKt u/]sf 5f}+ t/ /]l8of]dfkm{t tL s'/fnfO{ slQsf] k|jfx ug{ ;s]sf 5f}+, slQsf] ax; / 5nkmn ug{ ;s]sf 5f}+ < olb ;s]sf 5}gf}+ eg] xfdLn] ca ug'{kg]{ s] xf] < xfdL To;sf nflu sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ 5f}+ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] cleofgdf nflu;s]kl5 xfdLn] ;dfhdf s] u'0f lbg ;Sof}+ t < ;dfh ?kfGt/0fsf] dfWodsf ?kdf :yflkt ;fd'bflos /]l8of]dfkm{t ;f]xLcg'?k agfpg ;s]sf 5f}+ ls 5}gf}+ t < :yfgLo d'2fx?df 5nkmn / ax; u/]/ d'2fsf kLl8t kIfx?nfO{ Gofo klg lbg ;s]sf 5f}F ls 5}gf}F lo ljifox?df klg xfdL 5nkmn ug]{ 5f}F . xfdL;Fu :yfgLo ;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/ 5g\ . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] sfdnfO{ hgtf;Fu hf]8\g] dfWod s'g xf] t < hgtfdf kx'Fr k'u]sf] dfWod s'g xf] < cjZo ;fd'bflos /]l8of] g} x'g\ . ;fIf/tfsf] b/ cWoog u/f}+, dflg;n] kqklqsf k9\g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g, s}of}+ gful/ssf 3/df ljB't\ k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g, pgLx? 6]lnlehgsf] kx'FreGbf aflx/ 5g\ . To:tfdf ;fdfGo /]l8of] ;]6af6 ;'Gg ;lsG5 . df]afOn kmf]gaf6 klg /]l8of] ;'Gg ;lsG5 . xfdL cfwf/e"t gful/ssf] kx'Frdf /x]sf] dfWoddf sfd u5f}{+ eg] pgLx?sf] kIfdf slt cfjfh p7fpg ;ls/x]sf 5f}+ t < cfwf/e"t gful/ssf ;jfn slQsf]

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p7fpg ;s]sf 5f}+ < pxfFx?sf] ul/aLsf] d'2f slQsf] p7fO/x]sf 5f+} < of] ;jfndf xfdL 5nkmn ug]{ 5f}+ .

tkfO{x?nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fcf}+, @)^^÷)^& df ;/sf/n] nf]ssNof0fsf/L lj1fkg eg]/ b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}ofF ljlgof]hg uYof]{, xfdLn] o;kfln cf7 s/f]8 ?k}ofF k|fKt u/]sf 5f}+ . of] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] dfq} xf]Og, g]kfnsf k|;f/0f dfWodn] k|fKt u/]sf] s'/f xf] . klxn] o:tf ;"rgfx? Pp6f efiffdf dfq} k|;f/0f x'GYof], clxn] cf7j6f efiffdf k|;f/0f x'g] u/]sf] 5, pxfFx?nfO{ klg xfdLn] s]xL ?kfGt/0f t ug{ ;Sof}+ t/ clxn] klg g]kfndf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfg'g ag]sf] 5}g . t/ klg dnfO{ s] v';L nflu/x]sf] 5 eg], o;kflnsf] ;bgdf Tof] s'/f cfpFb}5, o;df v';L ;Fu;Fu} xfdLn] ;r]t x'g'kg]{ kf6f] klg plQs} ;+j]bgzLn 5, Tof] s:tf] cfpF5 eGg] s'/f xf], xfd|f] /]l8of]sf] kl/efiff pxfFx?n] s;/L ug'{x'G5, xfd|f pknlAwx?nfO{ pxfFx?n] slQsf] Gofo ug'{x'G5 eGg] kf6f] klg 5 .

of] pb\3f6g ;qdf xfdL PSo]a4tf klg k|fKt u5f}+{, w'lga];+L gu/kflnsf, yfqm] ufpFkflnsf, uN5L ufpFkflnsf, uh'/L ufpFkflnsf, a]gL3f6 /f]/fª ufpFkflnsf, l;4n]s ufpFkflnsf / Hjfnfd'vL ufpFkflnsfn] tkfO{x?sf] of] sfo{qmdk|lt xfd|f] P]Soa4tf 5, tkfO{x?sf] /]l8of]af6 xfd|f ufpF;x/sf sfd / ;"rgf k|jfx ePsf 5g\, xfdL s'g} g s'g} 9+uaf6 tkfO{x?nfO{ g}lts / cfly{s ;xof]u u5f}{+, of] xfd|f] klg sfo{qmd xf] eg]/ :jfldTjaf]w ug'{ePsf] 5 . d cfof]hssf tkm{af6 pxfFx?nfO{ cfef/ k|s6 ug{ rfxG5' . oxfFsf] /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfhn] klg sfo{qmd oxfF Nofpg'eof] z'esfdgf eGg rfxG5f}+ eGg'ePsf] 5 . ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ km]l/ klg :jfut ug{ rfxG5' . xfdL ;a} /rgfTds 9+un] ;xefuL agf}+ .

gj/fh 5Ts'nL, cWoIf kqsf/ dxf;+3, wflbª

g]kfnsf] kl/jt{gsf] cfGbf]ngdf oxfFsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] ;dfhsf] ljsf;, ;d[l4 / cfly{s Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0fsf] lglDt dxTjk"0f{ sfd u/]sf

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5g\ . ljljwtf, ax'ntf, n}+lus ;dfgtf, ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf sfo{qmddf cfpg'x'g] ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLnfO{ lhNnfsf ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] tkm{af6 :jfut ub}{ sfo{qmdsf] k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' .

/fwf ltldlN;gf, pkfWoIf uN5L ufpFkflnsf

csf]/fan] /fli6«o:t/sf] sfo{qmdsf nflu uN5L ufpFkflnsfnfO{ 5gf}6 u/]sfdf ljz]if wGojfb . ufpFkflnsfsf] Goflos ;ldltdf a;]/ sfd ul//xFbf klg dlxnfsf sltko u'lD;P/ a;]sf d'2f aflx/ cfpg g;ls/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . cfufdL lbgdf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]af6 ;dfhaf6 aflx/ lg:sg g;s]sf d'2fx? aflx/ cfpg] cfzf /fv]sL 5' . oxfFaf6 cfPsf lgisif{ sfof{Gjogdf nfg xfdL kxn ug]{ 5f}+ . dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf ljifo, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]af6 k|;f/0fdf k/]sf cK7]/f]sf ljifonfO{ cfufdL lbgdf ;xh t'Nofpg] k|of; /xg] 5 . oxfFsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of];Fu ;fem]bf/L u/]/ sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . clxn] klg sltko e"uf]ndf /]l8of] g;'lgg] cj:yf 5, ToxfF ;'gfpg'kg]{ 5, To;sf nflu klg Wofg k'uf];\ .

lgDdL rf}xfg, cdfs{ Pl;of k|zfGt If]q dlxnf ;~hfn, ;+of]hs

;a}eGbf klxn] d oxfFx?nfO{ w]/} wGojfb lbG5', dnfO{ ofb eP;Dd Pl;of k|zfGt If]qdf dlxnfsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ o; k|sf/sf] /fli6«o k/fdz{ ePsf] 5}g . oxfFx?n] kxn u/]/ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug'{ePsf]df awfO{ 5 . oxfFx?n] ;'?cft ug'{ePsf] 5, dnfO{ cfzf 5, o;n]

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lg/Gt/tf kfpg] 5 . o;af6 dlxnf k|;f/sx?sf] k|ultzLn ;~hfn agf];\ eGg] z'e]R5f 5 . oxfFx?n] ug'{ePsf] sfdnfO{ c?n] klg k5\ofpg ;s'g\ eGg] d]/f] ck]Iff 5 . b'O{ lbg;Ddsf] a;fOdf xfdL ;Fu} 5nkmn ug]{ 5f}+, ;a}n] v'n]/ s'/fsfgL u/f}+, Pscsf{nfO{ a'emf}+, z'esfdgf .

lnnL yfkf, cWoIf, ;+sNk d'Vo jQmf

cfh oltw]/} dlxnfx? ;~rf/If]qdf hDdf ePsf] b]v]kl5 dnfO{ !(&) sf] bzssf] dlxnfjfbL cfGbf]ngsf] ofb cfof] . ljz]ifu/L n}+lus ;dfgtf, cfly{s :jtGqtf, ;fdflhs Gofosf s'/fx? !(&) sf] bzsdf ;'? ePsf] xf] . Tolta]nf ljZjdf cfGbf]ng ;'? gePsf] eP cfh xfd|f] oxfF pkl:ylt ;Gb]xs} ljifo x'GYof] xf]nf . dlxnfsf] clwgtf JolQmut ;DklQsf] k|f/De;Fu} ePsf] xf] eGg] s'/fdf t z+s} 5}g . 8f]/axfb'/ lai6sf] ;a}hftsf] km"naf/L eGg] k':ts cg';f/ z'?df kfzljs sfn lyof], dlxnf k'?if b'j} h+un hfGy], l;sf/ NofpFy], aa{/tf sfn cfof], Tof] a]nf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf kl/jt{g eof], k'?ifdfq} h+un hfg yfn], NofPsf s'/f afF8kmfF8 ug]{, 3/kl/jf/ dlxnfn] ;Dxfn]sf lyP . To;nfO{ lgs} /fd|f] cj:yf dflgPsf] lyof] . To:t} dbgdl0f bLlIftsf] gf/L eGg] k':tsdf pxfFn] n]Vg'ePsf] 5, Tolta]nf dft[s'n k/Dk/f lyof], Tof] k/Dk/fdf dfG5]n] dfG5] hGdfof] eg]/ dfG5]sf] of]lgdf k"hf ul/GYof] . dlxnfx? Psbd} zlQmzfnL / /fd|f] cj:yfdf lyP . aa{/tfsfnsf] cTolt/ ;Eotfsfn cfof], Tof] a]nf dlxnf k'?if b'j}nfO{ ;Ddfgo'Qm, ;Gt'lnt e"ldsf lyof] .

;Eotfsfndf cfPkl5 dlxnfsf] cj:yf lalu|of], sdfP/ NofPsfn] glbPkl5 dfUg] / lbg] cj:yf aGof] . dlxnfsf] e"ldsf kl/jt{g eof], hlxn] klg lbg] dfly x'g] lng] tn x'g] cj:yf eof] clxn] klg 5Fb}5 . hlta]nf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf h}ljs e"ldsfdf dfq}, k'gp{Tkfbgsf] e"ldsfdf

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;Lldt ul/of], sdfP/ vfg ;Sg] pTkfbgzLn e"ldsf lbOPg . Tolta]nf, ;Eotfsfnb]lvsf] ;+/rgf vf;} ablnPsf] 5}g t < dlxnfsf] e"ldsf k'gp{Tkfbgdfq} xf] t < x}g lg . dlxnfn] 3/leqs} sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . vf;df dlxnfsf] pTkfbgzLn e"ldsf w]/} 5 . xfdLn] xf]6ndf vfgf vfG5f}+ oxfF k'?ifn] ksfpF5g\, k};f lnG5g\, xfdLn] vfgf ksfPsf], sk8f wf]Psf] k};f lnPsf 5}gf}+ . of] ljifodf a'em\g tkfO{x?n] 8f= dLgf cfrfo{sf] …:6f6; ckm j'dg Og g]kfnÚ k9\g'k5{ . pxfFn] #% jif{cl3 jN8{ a}+ssf] lng a]g]6;Fu ldn]/ …:6f6; ckm j'dg Og g]kfnÚ lstfa n]Vg'ePsf] 5 . Tolta]nf g} yfxf eof], g]kfnsf dlxnfn] !$ 306f sfd u5{g\ hals k'?ifn] !@ 306fdfq} sfd u5{g\ . k'?ifn] !@ 306fdfq} sfd ubf{ klg pgLx?sf] e"ldsfrflxF pTkfbgzLn, dlxnfsf] e"ldsfrflxF hlxNo} cfl>tdf cfof], Tof] k':tssf] k|sfzgkl5 g]kfn ;/sf/n] klg dx;'; u/]/ s'g} klg dlxnfn] cf7 306f;Dd sfd u5{g\ eg] To;nfO{ pTkfbgzLn e"ldsf dfg]sf] 5 .

vf;df !* cf}+ ztfAbLsf u|Ls lrGtsx? cl/:6f]6nb]lv dfS;{n] klg ;xeflutf / :jtGq ?kdf ljrf/ /fVg kfpg] s'/fx? Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] . xfdLn] k9\g] u/]sf] …dflS;:6 km]ldlghdÚn] lgs} ;xh tl/sfn] u/]sf] ts{ s] xf] eg], ha;Dd dlxnfn] lkt[;Qf / cfly{s kf6f]df lgoGq0f sfod ug{ ;Qm}gg\ Tolta]nf;Dd dlxnfsf] :jtGqtf cfpFb}g . of] ljifonfO{ xfdL ;a}n] cfTd;ft u/]sf 5f}+ . lkt[;QfnfO{ glht];Dd / cfly{s ?kdf ks8 geP;Dd dlxnfsf] :jtGqtf cfPsf] eGg ldNb}g .

g]kfndf rflxF s] eof] t, d}n] oxL ljifodf vf]hL u/]sf] 5' . g]kfndf lnR5ljsfnb]lv g} dlxnfn] qmflGt u/]sf] kfOG5 . lnR5ljsfndf dfgb]jsL cfdfn] ;tL guPsf] Oltxf; xfdL;fd' 5 . Tolta]nf pgsf b]j/n] efph'nfO{ ;tL k7fpg kfP /fHosf] zlQm kfpFy] eg]/ k|oTg u/]sf lyP t/ dfgb]jsL cfdfn] g} /fHo u/]/ a:g'eof] . Tolta]nfsf /fgLx?n] klg dlxnf clwsf/sf nflu gn8]sf xf]Ogg\ . clxn] xfdLn] dfq} n8]sf] eGg] nfUg] u5{, t/ To;f] xf]Og . ls/fFtsfn / lnR5ljsfnsf dlxnfn] lgs} k|of; u/]sf lyP . tkfO{ xfdLn] e[s'6Lsf af/]df slt hfg]sf 5f}+ < e[s'6L lyOg\, ltAatsf /fhfn] lax] u/] olQ yfxf 5, olb e[s'6Ln] Tolt a"9f] ltAatsf /fhf ;|ªrªuDkf];Fu lax] gu/]sf] eP ltAatn]

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g]kfnnfO{ s] uYof]{ xf]nf < e[s'6Ln] cfkm\gf] /fHosf nflu u/]sf] Tofu / of]ubfgsf af/]df xfdLn] k9]sf 5f}+ t < Tof] sxfF n]v]sf] 5 t < xfd|f] Oltxf;df 5 t < Oltxf; ;a} p;sf syfn] el/Psf 5g\, ToxfF pgsf syf 5}gg\ -lx:6«L Oh cn cafp6 lxh :6f]/L, b]o/ Oh gf] x/ :6f]/L_ To;}n] Oltxf; eg]s} …lxh:6f]/LÚ xf] . h+uaxfb'/n] s] u/], sf]tkj{df s] eof], eLd;]g yfkfn] s] u/], df/], d/], lht] ToxLdfq} 5 Oltxf;df . …x/ :6f]/LÚ sxfF n]lvPsf] 5 t < e[s'6Lsf] af/]df sxfF n]lvPsf] 5 t, dfgb]jsL cfdfsf af/]df sxfF n]lvPsf] 5 t < clg xfdL ;tLk|yf s;n] aGb u¥of] eGbf rGb|zdz]/sf] gfd lnG5f}F . Tof] k"0f{?kdf unt xf] eG5' d, lsgeg] rGb|zdz]/nfO{ ;tLk|yf aGb u/fpg k5fl8af6 s;n] bafa lbof] < of]udfof x]g'{;\ t, dfgb]jsf] cfdf x]g'{;\, lnR5ljsfnb]lv ;tL guP/ a;]sf], of]udfofn] Toqf] cfGbf]ng gu/]sf] eP rGb|zdz]/n] aGb uy]{ t < ub}{g y] . t/ gfdrflxF rGb|zdz]/sf] cfof] . oxfF of]udfofsf] gfd} 5}g, Oltxf;} 5}g .

ev{/} dfq xfdLn] ;fxfg lbbL, ;fwgf lbbL, d+unfb]jL, df]tLb]jL / of]udfofsf] ljifo kf7\oqmddf /fv]sf 5f}+ n}+lus cWoogdf . pxfFx?n] u/]sf] of]ubfg t xfdLn] cfpg] k':tfn] yfxf kfpg' k¥of] lg clg xfdLn] u/]sf s'/f xfd|f cfpg] k':tfn] yfxf kfpg' k¥of] . tkfO{x?nfO{ csf]{ ljifo klg eG5', /f0ffzf;glj?4 cfGbf]ng eO/xFbf skm{\o' nfUYof], Tolta]nfsf cu|h lbbLx? ;fxfg lbbL, d+unf lbbL, ;'Gb/f rfln;]nufotn] cfkm\gf >Ldfgx? sf]xL h]ndf, sf]xL e"ldut x'Fbf gS;fndf /x]sf] gGbL /flq ljBfnodf, /flt–/flt 6f]nel/sf dlxnf lbbLalxgLnfO{ af]nfP/ sIff lbg'x'GYof] /], tkfO{ sNkgf ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < clxn] kBsGof SofDk;df && j6} lhNnfsf lbbLalxgL k9\5g, lbbLx?n] To;f] gu/]sf] eP tkfO{x? oxfF cfpFb} cfpg' x'GgYof] eG5' d . lzIffsf nflu ul/Psf] tL s'/fsf] Oltxf; st} 5}g . /fli6«o ;efsf dfggLo pkfWoIfHo" klg x'g'x'G5, d cfu|x u5'{, o:tf syfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu b:tfj]hLs/0f ug'{k¥of], clg gofFk':tfn] yfxf kfpF5 . d]/f] 3/ gS;fndf, gS:ffnd} ;fgf] sf]7fdf Pshgf d}rf a"9Lcfdf a:g'x'GYof], pxfF a;]sf] ef8f g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{n] x/]s dlxgf !%)) ?k}ofF NofP/ lbFbf] /x]5, lax]cl3 vf;} jf:tf ul/Pg, kl5 dlxnf cfGbf]ngdf nfu]kl5 yfxf eof], hlta]nf dgdf]xg clwsf/L, u0f]zdfg l;+x, s[i0fk|;fb e§/fO{ h]ndf x'g'x'GYof], tL d}rfn] ;'Gb/Lhn

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h]ndf s'rf] nufpg] sfd ug'{x'Fbf] /x]5, tL d}rfn] h]ndf lr7L cf]xf]/ bf]xf]/ ug]{ sfd ug'{x'Fbf] /x]5 . n ljrf/ ug'{;\ Tof] a]nfdf, h]ndf y'g]sf, df5'{ eg]sf g]tfnfO{ tL d}rfn] lr7L cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ u/]sf], pgsf] cfF6, slt axfb'/ . d}rf afFr'Gh]n sfFu|];n] ef8f t ltl/lbof], t/ ef/taf6 cfPsf] lr7L lbg], otfaf6 k7fpg ;xof]u u/]sf] d}rfsf] v} t Oltxf; n]lvPsf] < Tof] a]nfdf d}rfn] lr7L glbPsf] eP s'g} klg g]tf aflx/ cfpg ;Sg] cj:yf lyPg . sltko x/ :6f]/Lx? n's]sf] 5 .

g]kfndf cfGbf]ngx? gePsf] xf]Og, clxn] dlxnfn] kb kfPsf 5g\, pkfWoIfHo" x'g'x'G5, kl/jt{gsf nflu dlxnfsf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg 5 t/ kl/jt{g k5L dlxnfsf] of]ubfgnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 7fpF sxfF 5 t < xf], dlxnfsf] cf/If0f cfof], ;Ddfg ul/of], ;Lldt dlxnfnfO{ ;dfj]zLdf /flvof] cem} klg dlxnfn] Oltxf;df u/]sf sfd n's]s} 5g\ . clxn] ;xL ;do cfPsf] 5, ca pgsf syf eG5f}+, xfdLn] k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}+, Pp6f 7"nf] kfs{ agfP/ dlxnfn] u/]sf of]ubfgnfO{ efjL k':tfn] yfxf kfpg] u/]/ sfd ul/of];\ eg]/ ;/sf/nfO{ elg/x]sf 5f}+ . o;nfO{ /fli6«o uf}/asf] cfof]hgf agfOof];\ . lnR5ljsfnb]lvsf dlxnfn] u/]sf of]ubfgnfO{ yfxf kfpg] agfpg' k¥of] . tkfO{x? klg tYof+s vf]tNg';\ . of] h?/L 5 ls 5}g < d ;DemG5', emfkfsf cu|h lbbLx?n] emfkf cfGbf]ngsf a]nf xnf] cfGbf]ng u/]sf lyP, Tolta]nf xnf] cfGbf]ng gu/]sf] eP ;f/f k'?if 3/ aflx/ ePsf] a]nf s;/L ;Dej lyof], g]kfndf ePsf] åGås} a]nfdf klg dlxnfn] Toqf] of]ubfg gu/]sf] eP cfhsf] cj:yf ;Dej lyPg . >Ldfg\ u'dfof}+, cfkmGt u'dfof}+, !@ jif{ tgfadf latfof}+, dlxnfn] kfyLsf kfyL eft ksfP/ v'jfP, h;n] g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Joj:yf kl/jt{g eof], t/ dlxnfsf] of]ubfgnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Pg . g]kfndf dlxnf cfGbf]ng ePsf 5g\, k9]sf dlxnfn] dfq} xf]Og Tolta]nfsf k9\g gkfPsf lbbLx?n] u/]sf cfGbf]ngsf] :jLsf/ ul/Pg . clxn] klg cfGbf]ng eO/x]s} 5g\ . ha;Dd x/ :6f]/L agfOFb}g, xfdL kqsf/ dlxnf t s] s'g} klg If]qdf cl3 cfpg ;Qm}gf}+, dlxnfsf] ;jfnx? aflx/ cfpFb}gg\ . tkfO{x? t emg\ o:tf s'/fnfO{ aflx/ nfg] dfWod x'g'x'G5, vf]Hg';\, sf] sf] dlxnfn] s] s] u/]sf /x]5g\ kQf nufpg';\ . kl/jt{g Nofpg] dlxnfsf] syf agfof}+ eg] efjL k':tfnfO{ k|]/0ffbfoL ;|f]t aGg hfG5 .

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xfdLn] kl/jt{gnfO{ r/0fa4 ?kdf x]5f{}+, dNnsfndf s] eof], /f0ffzf;g klxn], k~rfot sfndf s] eof], clxn] ax'bn / u0ftGq cfPkl5 s] eof] eg]/ x]bf{ w]/} kl/jt{g ePsf 5g\ . k~rfotsfndf /fhf lqe'jgn] ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x agfpFbf Tolta]nsf dlxnfn] lj/f]w ug'{ePsf] lyof] . clxn] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f dGqLx? cfpg'eof] eg] lj/f]w ug{ ufx|f] 5, xfd|f] lj/f]w ug'{x'Fb}g eGg] ;fdflhsLs/0f 5 . ev{/ k|hftGq cfPsf] a]nf lbbLx?n] lxDdt b]vfpg'eP5 /fhf lqe'jgn] rf/hgf dlxnfnfO{ ;Nnfxsf/ ;efdf nfg'ePsf] lyof] .

csf]{ Pp6f 36gf ;'gfpF5', zflGt ;Demf}tfkl5 xftxltof/ cg'udg ug{ clGdg cfpg] a]nfdf ;fxgf k|wfg k//fi6«dGqL x'g'x'GYof], pxfF dlxnf ;'/Iff bafa ;d"xsf] cWoIf klg x'g'x'GYof] . Tolta]nf pxfFn] dlxnf bafa ;d"xsf lbbLalxgLx?nfO{ df]afOndf ;Gb]z k7fP/ clGdgn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] dlxnf ;xeflutfsf cg]s s'/f l;sfpF5, ptfaf6 tLghgf k'?ifnfO{ xltof/ cg'udgdf k7fpFb}5, sf7df8f}+df pknAwx? sfnf] sk8f nufP/ /flt & ah] Po/kf]6{df hfg eGg'eof], xfdL klg sfnf] sk8f nufP/ uof}+, kl5 cf]Prl;Prcf/n] yfxf kfP5, cg'udgsf nflu tLg hgf k'?ifdfq} cfPsf]df g]kfnL dlxnfn] lj/f]w u/] eg]/ Ps /ft ;f]N6L xf]6ndf /fv]/ tLg} hgfnfO{ kmsfOof] . To;kl5 Sof/]g Nofgu|]g eGg] dlxnfsf] g]t[Tjdf cg'udg 6f]nL k7fOPsf] lyof] . h]g]efdf g]kfnsf dlxnfn] u/]sf] Tof] lj/f]wnfO{ clxn] klg /f]n df]8nsf ?kdf lnOG5 . To;df ;fxgf lbbLsf] 7"nf] xft lyof] . xfdL clxn] s'/f u5f}{+ ;fxgf lbbLsf] 7fpFdf k'?if x'g'ePsf] eP xfdLnfO{ df]afOndf ;Gb]z k7fpg' x'GYof] xf]nf < ToxfF dlxnf ePsf] eP/ ;fxgf lbbLn] ;f]Rg'eof] . o:tf c? ljifox? klg 5g\ .

xfdLn] tYof+snfO{ ljZjf; ug'{k5{ . ;To / tYo xfd|f nflu hlxNo} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . o'Pg j'dgn] @% jif{sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/]/ tYof+s lgsfn]sf] 5 . Tof] klg 8f= dLgf cfrfo{n] ug'{ePsf] sfd xf], d}n] klg l6ddf a;]/ sfd u/]sf] eP/ oxfF hfgsf/L lbPF . tkfO{x?n] u'undf a]Olhªsf] !((% b]lv @)!% df n+}+lus ;dfgtfsf If]qdf s] kl/jt{g eof] eg]/ ;a} tYof+s 5, Tof] x]bf{ xfdLnfO{ v';L nfU5 . xfdLn] u/]sf sfd tYof+sn] af]N5, n}+lus ;dfgtfdf g]kfnn] w]/} km8\sf] df/]sf] 5, To;df z+sf

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5}g . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg n}+lusd}qL 5 eGg] s'/f xfdL ;a}n] cfTd;ft u/]sf 5f}+ . ;+ljwfgn] dlxnfsf df}lns xsnfO{ :yflkt u/]sf] 5, sfof{Gjog slt 5 eGg] csf]{ kf6f] xf] . ;+ljwfgn] dlxnfsf] k'g/f]Tkfbgsf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ sfg'g, gLlt rflxG5 . ;'/Iff lgsfodf dlxnf x'g'x'G5, pxfFx?n] dlxgfjf/L ePsf] a]nf lk6L v]Ng, pk|mg slt ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] ljifo xf], dlxgfjf/L t ;Ddflgt ljifo xf] lg . dlxgfjf/Lsf] ;do cf/fd ug'{kg]{ ;do eP/ cnUu} a; elgPsf] xf], oxfF wd{sf] gfddf unt AofVof ePsf] 5, cf/fd ug]{ ;dodf dlxnfn] lk6L v]Ng slt ;S5g\ < xflsdsf] bof dfofdf sltkon] 5'6 klg kfPsf] b]lvG5, of] gLltut ?kdf cfpg'k5{, bof dfofn] xf]Og . o:tf ljifo xfdLn] x]g'{k5{ .

csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ ljifo, ;/sf/n] n+}lus pQ/bfoL ah]6 5'6\ofPsf] 5, ;g\ @)!% ;Ddsf] tYof+snfO{ x]bf{ @@ k|ltzt xf/fxf/L ah]6, n+}lus pQ/fbfoL ah]6sf ?kdf 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ Psbd} 7"nf] pknlAw dfGg'k5{ . csf]{ pknlAw eg]sf] ;sf/fTds lje]b xf], s/ 5'6sf] ljifo 5g\, pd]/ xbaGbL #% jif{af6 $) jif{df NofOPsf] 5, of] pd]/df dlxnf nf]s;]jf tof/L ug{ ;S5g\, of] xbaGbLnfO{ cem $% jif{ agfpg'k5{ elg/x]sf 5f}+ . blnt dlxnf j8f ;b:osf ?kdf x'g'x'G5 t/ pxfFx?sf] ;xeflutf, a}7sdf pkl:ylt Go"g 5 . xfdL %@ k|ltzt dlxnf 5f}+, casf] ax; cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf] ljifodf x'g'k5{ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljz]if sf]ifx? NofPsf] 5, n}+lus lx+;f sf]if 5, o;sf] k|of]u ug]{, u/fpg] sfd slQsf] ug'{ePsf] 5, kfFr s/f]8sf] Psn dlxnf ;'/Iff sf]if 5, gofF P]gn] ;a} :yfgLo txdf of] sf]ifsf] k};f hfg] Joj:yf ePsf] 5 . :yfgLo txn] o;df hlt vr{ ug{ ;Sof] cy{ dGqfnon] plQ k};f k7fpF5 . csf]{ n}+lus ;dfgtf P]g cfPsf] 5, d]/} gfddf glh/ ag]sf] 5, d]/f] efusf] ;DklQ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lax] geP;Dd a]Rg gkfpg] cj:yf lyof], clxn] To;df kl/jt{g eP/ ;DklQdflysf] lje]bnfO{ x6fPsf]

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5 . j}jflxs anfTsf/sf] s'/f 5, ;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f klxnf]k6s 5f]/L kl/jf/sf] kl/efiffdf cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!% sf] tYof+sn] dlxnfsf] hUufdf kx'Fr @) k|ltzt xf/fxf/L ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5, 3/df kx'Fr !! k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf 5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg w]/} r'gf}tL 5 . lkt[;Qf eg]sf] k'?if xf]Og, xfdL dlxnfleq} 5, xfdLleqsf] lkt[;QfnfO{ ha;Dd xfdL tf]8\b}gf}+ ta;Dd kl/jt{g cfpFb}g . xfd|f lbbLx?sf] sf/0fn] ePsf] kl/jt{gsf] nfe xfdLn] p7fpg kfPsf 5f}+, xfdLn] u/]sf] kl/jt{gsf] kmn eflj k':tfn] pkef]u ug{ kfpg]5g\ . xfdL kqsfl/tf If]qdf /xg'ePsf dlxnf;Fu sfd u5f}{+, of] lgs} r'gf}tLk"0f{ xf] . kqsfl/tf hutdf dlxnfsf s'/f cem} klg k|fyldstfdf 5}g . dlxnfdfly lx+;f eof] eg] jf anfTsf/ eof] eg] o;/L eof] p;/L eof] eg]/dfq} dlxnfsf ljifo cfpF5g\ . dlxnfn] ;+o'Qm k|of; gul/sg kl/jt{g sl7g 5 . dnfO{ af]Ng] cj;/ lbg'ePsf]df wGojfb .

huGgfy g]kfn, k|d'v, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt, wflbª

k|d'v cltly, cltly, ;xefuLHo"x? ;a}df lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 clejfbg . of] d]/f] klg ufpFkflnsf xf], b]z}el/af6 cfpg'ePsf ;xefuLx?nfO{ wflbªdf xflb{s :jfut ub{5' . oxfFx?sf] b'O{lbg] a;fO ;'vdo / ;kmn /xf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf . cfhsf] o; sfo{qmddf b'O{hgf dlxnfn] af]n]sf ljifonfO{ hf]8\g rfxG5', sfo{qmdsf] l;nl;nfdf k|b]z g+ # n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps sfo{qmddf dof{lbt dlxgfjf/Lsf ljifodf /fwf kf}8]nnfO{ ;'Gg kfPF, pxfFnfO{ k9]F klg, lgs} 5f]Psf] lyof] . cfhsf]

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sfo{qmddf lnnL yfkfn] af]Ng'ePsf] ljifon] klg dnfO{ lgs} 5f]of], pxfFn] 5f]6s/Ldf P]ltxfl;s sfnb]lvsf ljifonfO{ /fVg'ePsf] 5 . lgs} dxTjk"0f{ nfUof] . d]/f] klxnf] cg'/f]w, d~r agfP/ a:g] a;fOnfO{ g} kl/jt{g u/f}+, oxfF klg cfpg]lalQs} eg]sf] lyPF, tn / dfly a:g] s'/fsf] cGTo u/f}+, a;fOn] klg lje]b\ x'G5 . kl/jt{g cfkm\g} 7fpFaf6, cfkm}+af6 ;'? ug'{k5{ . s] ug'{ePsf] 5 tkfO{n] eGg'xf]nf, d}n] 5f]/fnfO{ eGbf klxn] a'xf/LnfO{ c+z lbPsf] 5' . Jojxf/df b]lvg] u/L sfd u/f}+ . lhNnfsf d'2fx? x]bf{ klg, dlxnfsf ljifo cfpg]lalQs} ldnfkqsf] s'/f cfpF5, b]lvg] clwsf/sdL{ dfq} gagf}+, ;fFlRrs} sfd u/f}+, gd'gf x'g]u/L sfd u/f}+ . d}n] /fwf / lnnLsf] gfd lng'sf] sf/0f pxfFx?nfO{ ul/Psf] ;Ddfg xf], pxfFx?n] Jojxf/df nfu" ug'{ePsf] 5 . d}n] lhNnfdf vfbf cleofgsf] cGTosf nflu lgs} ;+3if{ u/]sf] 5' . kf/bzL{ agf}+, Jofjxfl/s aGg] gfddf ;Demf}tf gu/f}+ . sfo{qmdaf6 Jofjxfl/s lgisif{ lgl:sof];\ . z'esfdgf .

afns[i0f cfrfo{, k|d'v, w'gLa]+;L gu/kflnsf

oxfFx? ;a}nfO{ wflbªdf :jfut u5'{ . s'g} cK7]/f] gk/f];\ eGg] sfdgf 5, k/] ;fydf :yfgLo ;/sf/ 5 . xfdLn] :yfgLo ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?nfO{ ;fem]bf/sf ?kdf lnPsf 5f}+, ;xsfo{df y'k|} sfd u/]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] cg'/f]w, kqsfl/tf Joj;fosf ?kdf k|of]u gxf];\, /fi6«sf] dxTjk"0f{ c+usf ?kdf /x]sf] kqsfl/tf, o;sf]

dxTj, o;af6 cfPsf ljifonfO{ hgtfn] s'g} klg dfg]df z+sf ug]{ jftfj/0f gagf];\ . oxfFx?n] jf:tljstfdf k'u]/ snd rnfOlbg'xf]nf . d csf]/fanfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5', o:tf sfo{qmd lgoldt ?kdf cfof]hgf ug'{ cfjZos 5 . klxn]eGbf lgs} ;lhnf]u/L gofF ldl8of v'ln/x]sf 5g\, tL ldl8ofdf bIf dflg;x?sf] sdL 5 . gofF /]l8of] v'N5, sfd ug]{ bIf dflg; t rflxof], xfdL ev{/} P;O{O{ lbPsf,

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vfnL / ;:tf] k};fdf sfd ug]{ dflg; vf]Hg] u5f}{, kqsfl/tfdf lgs} lhDd]jf/L 5, tkfO{x?sf] b'O{ zAbn] dfgjLo Iflt ;d]t x'g;Sg] k]zf ePsfn] o;sf] uflDeo{tfdf Wofg lbg'k5{ . ulx/fO{ / tYodf k'Ug ;Sg] bIf hgzlQm /fv]/ ldl8of rn]sf] cj:yf 5}g, gsf/fTds sfdnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] ;f]rsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . /fd|f sfd hgdfg;sf] 3/b}nf]df k'¥ofpg'k5{, g/fd|f] st} ePsf] 5 eg] ;DalGwt 7fpFdf k'¥ofpg] sfddf nfuf}+ . ;sf/fTds / Gofok"0f{ kqsfl/tftkm{ oxfFx?sf] ofqf cl3 a9f];\ z'esfdgf lbG5' .

hgk|ltlglwn] s]xL u/]gg\ klg eGg] ul/G5, xfdLn] u/]sf y'k|} sfd cf]em]ndf k/]sf 5g . To;tkm{ klg Wofg lbg cg'/f]w 5 . jf:tljstf n]Vg ;s]gf}+ eg] kqsfl/tf w/fkdf kg]{ vt/f 5 . tkfO{x?sf] of] sfo{qmd eJo / ;Eo ?kdf ;kmn x'g] ljZjf;;lxt z'esfdgf lbG5' . o; lhNnfdf ;fd'bflos /]l8of] :yfkgfsf sf/0f hgtfsf 3/b}ndf ldl8of k'u]sf] 5 . oL /]l8of] v'n]sf lyPgg\ eg] b'O{rf/j6f ldl8ofdfkm{t pxfFx?n] eg]sf] dfq} x]g'{kg]{, ;'Gg'kg]{, k9\g'kg]{ cj:yf lyof], hgtfn] ;'';"lrt x'g] clwsf/af6 xfdL jl~rt lyof}+ . cfh af]Ng kfpg], n]Vg kfpg], ;'Gg kfpg] clwsf/;lxtsf] Joj:yf kfPsf 5f}+, o;nfO{ ;+j]bgzLn eP/ l6sfpg'k5{ .

sNkgf zdf{ rfkfufO{, ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o

xfdLn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] ;'? u/]sf] / cleofgdf ;Fu;Fu} ePsf] bz jif{ k"/f ePsf] 5 . xfdL dlxnf sfo{qmddf cfpFYof}+, t/ o;/L kmf]/d k|of]u

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u/]sf] w]/} ePsf] 5}g . lnnLhLn] w]/} s'/f p7fpg'ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ Pshgf ;b:osf] x}l;otn] xfdLn] agfPsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf slt nfg ;S5f}+ eGg] xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of] cleoGtf / vf;u/L o;df nfu]sf dlxnfnfO{ r'gf}tL 5 . d xfdLn] /]l8of] ;'? u/]sf] k|;Fu ;'gfpF5', kj{tsf] ;b/d'sfddf /]l8of] lyPg, xfd|f ;dfrf/ ;'gfpg'kbf{ c? lhNnfdf hfg'kg]{ cj:yf lyof] . xfdLn] /]l8of] vf]Nof}+, tTsfnLg ;efd'v ;'jf; g]Djfªn] /]l8of] ahfP/ ;'?cft ug'{ePsf] lyof] . lbbLalxgL /]l8of] vf]n]kl5 xfdLn] 7"n} ck/fw} u/]h:tf] eof] . sxfF x'G5 o:tf], sxLF kf]yLx?n] klg /]l8of] rnfpg ;S5g\, xfd|} cufl8 lbbLalxgL eg]/ vf]Ng], oqf] cfF6 ug]{ eg]/ lj/f]w eof] . xfdLnfO{ c5"th:tf] Jojxf/ ul/of], pb\3f6gsf a]nf ;efd'v cfpg'ePkl5 s/}n] klg lhNnfsf d'Vo dflg;x? cfpg'eof] . pb\3f6gsf a]nf ;efd'vn] dnfO{ tkfO{x?n] /]l8of] rnfpg' x'G5, t/ cln ;dGjo ug'{k5{ eGg'eof] . ;b/d'sfddf klxnf] /]l8of] :yfkgf ePkl5 ufpFufpFaf6 lbbLalxgLx? afhfufhf;lxt ¥ofnL lnP/ cfpg'eof], 7"n} vfnsf] tfdemfd eof] . t/ k'?if bfh'efOn] xfdLn] u/]sf] sfdnfO{ krfpg ufx|f] dfGg'ePsf] lyof] .

dLgaxfb'/ zfxL, clxn] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;b:o x'g'x'G5, Tof] a]nf csf]/fasf cWoIf x'g'x'GYof], pxfFn] klg cln ;dGjo ug'{xf]nf eGg'eof] . To;kl5 xfdLn] ljleGg tl/sfn] lrof, vfhf e]63f6 u¥of}+ . oL /]l8of] ;~rfng ug]{ dlxnf tkfO{sf lbbLalxgL, efph', cfkmGt x'g, oL kf]yL geO{ rN5 t ;+;f/, xfdLn] tkfO{sf] ;dfrf/afx]s ug{ vf]h]sf xf]Ogf}+, 3/ rnfpg] dlxnfn] c? sfd ug{ ;S5g\ ls ;Qm}gg\ eg]/ xfd|f] Ifdtf bfFHg /]l8of] vf]n]sf xf}+, xfdLn] /fd|f] u¥of}+ eg] tkfO{x? tfnL ahfpg'xf];\, g/fd|f] u¥of}+ eg] oxfFg]/ sdhf]/L eof] eGg'xf];\, xfdL To;nfO{ ;Rofpg tof/ 5f}+ eGof}+ . To;kl5 s]xL ;xh eof] .

dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt eg]/dfq} x'Fb}g, sfd klg u/]/ b]vfpg'k5{ eGg]df Wofg s]lGb|t eof] . xfdLn] Tof] a]nfdf 7"nf] sfo{qmd, klZrdf~rn dlxnf dxf]T;j eg]/ cfof]hgf ug'{k5{, Pslbg eP klg dlxnf af]Ng'k5{ eGof}+ . /]l8of]af6 t af]Nof}+ g}, y'k|} k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{qmdx?, h:t} /Tof}nL k|ltof]lutf eP, klxn] xfd|f cfdfx?n] k'?if hGt uPsf] a]nfdf kfOG6 nufPsf b]v]sf lyof}+, ;lhnf] x'Fbf]/x]5 eGg]

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yfxf kfPsf] To;}u/L xf] . af–cfdfsf cl3 5f]/Lx?n] tLh uLt k|ltof]utf u/]/ pgLx?sf] Ifdtf b]vfpg] cj;/sf] ;[hgf u¥of}+ . dlxnfn] cj;/ kfP eg] u/]/ b]vfpg ;S5g\ eGg] k|dfl0ft ug{ ;kmn eof}+ . 5f]/Lx?n] dfOt cfPsf a]nfdf /]l8of] lbbLalxgLn] d]nf cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5, d]nf ;lsPkl5 dfq} 5f]/L 3/ hflG5g\ eGg] cj:yf ;[hgf ug{ ;s]sf 5f}+ . Pp6f k|;+u ;'gfpF5', csf]/fasf] sfo{qmddf @)^* ;fndf jL/u~h uPsf lyof}+, laxfg p7]/ /]l8of] ;'Gbf lj1fkgdf …k'qnfe ug'{ 5 eg] kmnfgf] 8S6/;Fu hfFr ug'{Ú eGg] cfof] . csf]{ /]l8of] ;'Gbf klg To:t} lj1fkg cfof] . c? ;xefuLn] klg Tof] lj1fkg ;'Gg'eP5, d}n] k|Zg p7fPF . uxgf geP/ dlxnf a]v';L ePsf] lj1fkg, dlxnfnfO{ hf]8]/ ul/g] cGo lj1fkg klg ckfRo 5g\ . xfdLn] rnfPsf efF8fs'8faf6 ;xL s'/f kl:sg] xf] ls < xfdLn] Tof] cleofg ;'? ug]{ xf] ls eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . xfdLn] rnfPsf /]l8of]af6 dlxnfnfO{ 5'g] vfnsf, dlxnfs} r]tgf clej[l4 x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmdx? slt u/]sf 5f}+, ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3sf sfo{qmdx?df klg ;dLIff ug{ lsg h?/L x'G5 xf]nf eg] of] sfo{qmdsf nflu d xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' .

dlxnfx?n] rnfPsf sfo{qmddf xfdLn] slt s]lGb|t x'g ;s]sf 5f}+ eg]/ x]g{ h?/L 5 . xfdL cln ;x/ s]lGb|t eof}+ ls, xfdL cln r6Ss kg]{, cln h'Qf ahfb}{ cfpg]nfO{ dfq} k|fyldstf lbPsf 5f}+ ls < dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] zlzsnf lbbL, xh'/ pkfWoIf x'g'ePsf] 5, !@ jif{;Dd ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts cfGbf]ngdf nfUbf, ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o eP/ cfkm\gf s'/f n]Vbf, :yfgLo txdf $) k|ltzt dlxnfsf] pkl:yltsf] k|Tofe"lt ubf{ pxfFx?sf] clwsf/ slt :yflkt ug{ ;lsof] eg]/ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] p7fpg'k5{ h:tf] nfU5 . pxfFx? Goflos ;ldltdf x'g'x'G5, Goflos ;ldlt k"0f{ 5 t < clxn] klg pxfFx?;Fu Pp6f sfg'g clws[t 5}gg\ . xfd|f] ufpFdf x]bf{ lbbLalxgLn] 3/, uf]7 / v]tdf sfd ubf{ /]l8of] ;'Gg'x'G5 .

;+ljwfgdf n]lvPsf s'/fnfO{ tL dflg;;Dd k'¥ofpg'kg]{ 5 . ca ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] ef8f ltg{ ;s]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ . sd{rf/Lsf] tna lbg ;s]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\, pgLx?n] 6]lnkmf]gsf] lan ltg{ ;s]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg eg]/ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] klg x]g'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 .

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zlzsnf bfxfn, pkfWoIf, /fli6«o ;ef, k|d'v cltly

;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] dfWodåf/f hgtfsf] dfemdf ;"rgf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ / hgr]tgf hufpg] sfd u/]sf] x'Fbf o:tf] ;/fxgLo sfdsf] d k|z+zf ub{5' . o;n] ;dfhdf /x]sf ljleGg cGwljZjf;, s"/Llt, s';+:sf/, dlxnf lx+;f, dlxnf lje]b\, afnclwsf/nufot ljleGg kf6fdf cGt/lqmofd"ns sfo{qmd rnfP/ ;dfh / /fi6«nfO{ 7"nf] ;xof]u u/]sf] eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . d klg s'g} ;dodf alb{af; ;~rf/ ;xsf/Låf/f ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos /]l8of] ;'gufefsf] cWoIf x'Fb} csf]/fasf] pkfWoIf;Dd ePF . d]/f] sfo{sfndf d}n] u/]sf] cg'ej, d]/f] hLjgsf] nflu clj:d/0fLo /xg] 5 . d}n] klg ljutdf o:t} sfo{qmd /fVg] k|:tfj u/] klg ljljw sf/0fn] x'g ;s]sf] lyPg . tkfO{x?n] of] sfo{qmd /fv]/ dnfO{ g} k|d'v cltlysf ?kdf lgDTofpg' ePsfdf ;fx|} v';L 5' .

of] sfo{qmd dlxnf g]t[Tjsf] ljsf; / dlxnf ;xeflutfsf ljifodf Pp6f lgisif{df k'Ug] 5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{ ;fyLx?, tkfO{x?n] cfh ljljwtf, ax'ntf / n}+lus ;dfgtf, ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ljifos k/fdz{ ug'{ePsf] 5, h'g ;d;fdlos / hNbf]aNbf] ljifo xf] . xfd|f] d'n'sdf nfdf] ;do;Dd lkt[;tfTds ;f]rsf sf/0f clwsf+z ;fdflhs lgod, d"No, dfGotf, wd{ ;+:s[ltx? dlxnfd}qL x'g ;s]gg\ . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;f] d"No dfGotfdf Jofks kl/jt{g x'Fb} cfpFbf klg s]xL lgod sfg'gx? cem} dlxnfd}qL 5}gg\ . ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfsf xsx? :yflkt x'Fbf klg ltgsf] Jofjxfl/s sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g, h'g cfhsf] k|d'v cfjZostf xf] . :yfgLo txx?df pkk|d'vx?nfO{ Goflos ;ldlt ;+of]hs agfOPsf] 5, cfkm\g} lhNnflt/ kms]{/ x]g]{ xf] eg] dlxnf pkk|d'v x'g'x'G5, pxfFn] kfpg'ePsf] clwsf/ pxfFsf >Ldfg\n] pkof]u ul//xg'ePsf], x:tIf]k eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .

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tkfO{x?n] To:tf s'/f p7fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;~rf/sdL{n] pxfFx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;df ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ 5 . ;d[4 g]kfn ;'vL g]kfnLsf] gf/fnfO{ ;fsf/ kfg{ dlxnfsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . g]kfndf %!=% k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\ h;dWo] %& k|ltzt dlxnfdfq} ;fIf/ 5g\ . cem} klg ;dfhdf dlxnf pTkL8g, >dzf]if0f, anfTsf/df k/]sf 5g\ eg] sltkon] bfOhf]sf sf/0f Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 . clxn] klg dlxnf af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf ;fdflhs alx:sf/ tyf pTkL8gdf k/]sf 5g\ . ;dfhdf afnljjfx, bfOhf], ltns, af]S;L, 5'jf5"t, 5fpk8Lh:tf s';+:sf/ Pj+ s"/Llt JofKt 5 . o;lj?4 ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh, dlxnf clwsf/sdL{, /]l8ofsdL{, kqsf/ ;a} ldNg h?/L 5 . tkfO{x?sf] klg o;df 7"nf] of]ubfg /xg] 5 eGg] d}n] ck]Iff u/]sL 5' .

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] n+}lus lje]b\ / ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf] cGTo u/L ;dfg'kflts, ;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+sNk u/]sf] 5 . dlxnfnfO{ lagf n}+lus e]b\efj ;dfg xs, ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg :jf:Yo;DaGwL xs, ;DklQ / kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf bDktLsf] ;dfg xs :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . dlxnflj?4, wfld{s, ;fdflhs, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, dgf]j}1flgs jf cGo lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ jf zf]if0f ug{ gx'g] / o:tf] sfo{ sfg'gadf]lhd b08gLo x'g] Joj:yf sfg'gn] u/]sf] 5 . /fHosf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts, ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;xefuL x'g] xs / lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ xssf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfgn] u/]sf] 5 . t/ oL s'/fx?sf] hgr]tgf gx'Fbf ;dfhn] pTkL8g ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 . t;y{ oL s'/fx?nfO{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]dfkm{t cem} hgr]tgf clea[4L ul/of];\ eGg] d]/f] cg'/f]w 5 . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3n] ;g\ @)#) ;Dd dlxnf / afnaflnsfdfly x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf] e]befjx? ;a} 7fpFaf6 cGTo ug]{, ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qsf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfdfly x'g] ;a} lsl;dsf lx+;f, a]rljvg, of}ghGo tyf cGo k|sf/sf zf]if0fsf] cGTo ug]{, ;a} lsl;dsf xflgsf/s cEof;x? h:t} afnljjfx, ha/h:tL ljjfx, cgd]n ljjfx cflbsf] cGTo ug]{, ;a} afnaflnsf lgMz'Ns lzIff, ;dfg tyf u'0f:t/Lo k|fylds tyf dfWolds txsf] lzIff k"/f u/]sf] x'g'kg]{ / ;a} afnaflnsfsf] u'0f:t/Lo afnljsf; tyf :ofxf/

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/ k"j{k|fylds lzIffsf] ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|flKtdf klg ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] e"ldsf lgjf{x u/f];\ .

xfn g]kfnn] dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt jf dlxnf;Fu ;/f]sf/ ePsf !* j6f cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 . ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog k"0f{?kdf gePsfn] To;sf nflu tkfO{ xfdL ;a}sf] ;femf st{Jo x'g] 5 . ;fy} …n+}lus ;dfgtfsf nflu kfOnf xf/fxf/L, ;g\ @)#) ;Dd lx:;f a/fa/LÚ eGg] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] nIonfO{ k"/f ug'{ klg xfdL g]kfnLsf] bfloTj x'g cfpF5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ xfdLn] la;{g' x'Fb}g . g]kfndf ljBdfg sfg'gx?df dlxnfsf] xs clwsf/af/] Joj:yf eP klg sfof{Gjogsf] cefj tyf k'?ifjfbL lrGtgsf sf/0f nfu" x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;sf nflu ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf ;fy} kqsf/x?n] cfkm\gf] 7fpFaf6 cfjfh p7fpg' h?/L 5 . g]kfndf xfn s"6gLlts lgof]u / gLltlgodsf] lg0ff{os txdf dlxnf ;xeflutf Hofb} Go"g 5 . sfo{sf/L pRrtxdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof sd 5 . xfdL cfwL cfsfz 9fSg] dlxnfn] a/fa/ cj;/ kfpg'k5{ t eG5f}+, lgod sfg'gdf klg s]xL Joj:yf u5f}+{ t/ sfof{Gjog ub}{gf}+ . of] kl/kf6LnfO{ xfdL ;a}n] lrb}{, ;+ljwfgdf n]lvPsf Joj:yfcg';f/ Jojxf/df Nofpg hf]8 lbg'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfu]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ pRr txdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr j[l4 x'g] 5 eGg] cfzf u/]sL 5' . cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gful/stf lng ;Sg] Joj:yf eP klg Jojxf/df cem} sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

;dfg sfdsf] ;dfg Hofnf elgP klg cem} lje]b 5 . 5'jf5"tlj?4sf] cleofgdf hftLo / n}+lus cfwf/df 5'jf5"t ug{ gkfOg] s'/f ;+ljwfgdf n]lvP klg x6\g cem} ;s]sf] 5}g . dw]zdf bfOhf] / ltnsk|yfh:tfn] dlxnfn] Hofg} u'dfpg'k/]sf] oyfy{tf 5Fb}5 . afnljjfxd'Qm eg]/ hlQ gf/f nufOP klg o;df vf;} kl/jt{g cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . 5fpk8Lh:tf] s'k|yf oyfjt 5 . lxdfnL If]qdf ax'ktL k|yf cem} sfod 5 . t;y{ o:tf ;a} lje]b\ cGTo ub}{ ;Eo / ;dtfd"ns ;dfh :yflkt ug{sf nflu cfjfhljxLgx?sf] cfjfh lbg] ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3n] cfkm"nfO{ :yflkt ug]{ d}n] cfzf u/]sL 5' . lxhf]sf lbgdf klg o; If]qdf sfd u/]sf] / cfufdL lbgdf klg ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf;lxt sfo{qmd ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbG5' .

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ljifout ax;

ax; ! M …;fd'bflos k|;f/0f / dlxnf M cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?Ú

/fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmdsf] pb\3f6g ;qkl5 ljifout ax;x? eP . klxnf] ljifout ax;sf ?kdf …;fd'bflos k|;f/0f / dlxnf M cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?Ú zLif{sdf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] ljZj ;+u7g, cdfs{ Pl;of k|zfGt k|ltlglw Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf ;~hfn ;+of]hs lgDdL rf}xfgn] …blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnf / ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fÚ df / …g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] :jfldTj / ;xeflutf M cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?Ú df csf]/fasf ;lrj aGbgf bg'jf/n] k|:t'lt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] ljifout ax;sf] ;xhLs/0f csf]/fasf u08sL k|b]z cWoIf zflGt u'?ªn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

k|:t'lt ! M blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnf / ;fd'bflos k|;f/0f M lgDdL rf}xfg, Pl;of k|zfGt k|ltlglw, cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf ;~hfn, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] ljZj ;+u7g, cdfs{ .

…;+o'Qm k|of;n] dfq} xfdL ;g\ @)#) nfO{ n}+lus c;dfgtfsf] ldlt agfpg ;S5f}+Ú of] egfO xf], o"Pg j'dgsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs km'DhLn dfnfDaf] Pª\s'sfsf] . o"Pg j'dgsf] csf]{ egfO 5, …hLjgsf ;a} If]q n}+lus ;dfgtf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\, n}+lus lje]b\sf h/f hxfF hxfF b]vf

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kb{5g\, ltgsf] h/f sf6\g k|of; ul/g'kb{5 .Ú ljZje/af6 ul/g] ;+o'Qm k|of;n] dfq} n+}lus c;dfgtfnfO{ cGTo ug{ ;lsG5 .

dlxnflj?4 lx+;f jf ln+usf cfwf/df x'g] lx+;f

xfdL n}+lus ;dfgtfsf ljifodf 5nkmn ul//x]sf 5f}+, dlxnfleq klg blnt jf k5fl8 kfl/Psf] ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf] dlxnfnfO{ yk ;'ljwf lbOg'k5{ . cj:yf s:tf] 5 t < blIf0f Pl;ofdf x'g] dlxnf lx+;faf/] s]xL tYof+s oxfF k|:t't u5'{, #% k|ltzt cyf{t\ tLgdf Ps dlxnfn] 3lgi7 ;fyLaf6 zf/Ll/s jf of}glx+;fsf] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ . ckf+utf ePsf dlxnf o:tf] lx+;fsf] cg'ej b'O{b]lv rf/ u'0ff a9L ef]u]sf 5g\ . To:t} #* k|ltzt dlxnfsf] xTof 3lgi7 k'?if ;fyLaf6 ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;ft k|ltzt dlxnf ;fyLafx]s cGosf] of}g b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L $( k|tltzt cyf{t\ nueu cfwf dfgj a]rlavgdf kg]{ kLl8tdf ao:s dlxnf 5g\ . o:tf] kL8fdf kg]{ dlxnf / lszf]/Lsf] tYof+s hf]8\bf kLl8t &@ k|ltzt k'U5 . blIf0f Pl;ofdf afnljjfxsf] b/ #) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .

blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnflj?4sf] lx+;f /f]Sg gLlt

xfdL blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnf lx+;f /f]Sg s;/L sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ eg]/ x]g]{ xf] eg] s] s;/L sfd ePsf] 5, gLlt 5 ls 5}g eg]/ x]l/g'k5{ . blIf0f Pl;ofsf kfFr b]z >Ln+sf, e'6fg, ef/t, kfls:tfg / a+unfb]zdf dfq} sfo{:yndf x'g] of}g pTkL8glj?4sf] sfg"g 5 . o:tf sfg'g slt nfu" ePsf 5g\, oxfF rrf{ gu/f}+ . >Ln+sf, ef/t, g]kfn / a+unfb]z u/L rf/ b]zdf dfq} 3/]n' lx+;flj?4sf] sfg'g 5 . ljZjJofkL tYof+sn] s] b]vfpF5 eg], hxfF 3/]n' lx+;flj?4sf] sfg'gx? 5g\, ToxfF lx+;fsf] dfqf sd 5 . sfg'g ePdfq} To;nfO{ nfu" ug]]{ ljifo cfpF5 . gLlt g} 5}g eg] l:ylt emg\ sl7g x'g] kSsf 5 . xfd|f] blIf0f Pl;ofdf ;a}eGbf w]/} åGå 5, a;fO ;/fO 5 . o;n] of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ a9fjf lbO/x]sf] x'G5 .

Unf]an h]08/ Uofk ;"rsf+s l/kf]6{ @)@) sf cg';f/ ljZjdf dlxnf;Fu hf]l8Psf d'Vo d'2fx?df ;dfgtf k|fKt ug{ sDtLdf ((=% jif{ ;do

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nfUg]5 . blIf0f Pl;ofdf o;sf nflu &!=% jif{ nfUg ;S5 . blIf0f Pl;ofdf >Ln+sf ;a}eGbf cl3 5 . d}n] tYof+sx? elg/x'gsf] k5fl8 xfdL sxfF 5f}+ eg]/ ;Fu} bfFHgdfq} vf]h]sL x'F . n}+lus ;dfgtfsf] d'2f Pp6f nfdf] ofqf;Dd hf/L /xg] ljifo xf] . of] If]qdf w]/} sfd ug{ afFsL 5 .

ldl8ofdf dlxnf

o"Pg j'dgn] …;g\ @)@) leq ldl8ofdf of}gjfbsf] cGTosf] gf/f cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . ;dfrf/ s;n] lbG5 < x/]s kfFr jif{df Unf]an ldl8of cg'udg kl/of]hgfn] ;dfrf/ Rofgnx?df dlxnfsf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ u5{ . ;g\ @)!% sf] Unf]an ldl8of df]lg6l/ª k|h]S6sf] k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ M

�n @$ k|ltzt dlxnf klqsf, /]l8of], 6]lnlehgdf ;dfrf/ lgdf{tfsf] e"ldsfdf 5g\

�n @^ k|ltzt dlxnf gofF l8lh6n ldl8ofdf ;dfrf/ agfpg] e"ldsfdf 5g\ -OG6/g]6 / l6\j6/df_

�n !) k|ltzt ;dfrf/ tyf ljifoj:t'x? dlxnfdf s]lGb|t jf ;DalGwt 5g\

�n #& k|ltzt ;dfrf/ tyf ljifoj:t'x? dlxnfn] l/kf]l6{ª u/]sf 5g\ �n $ k|ltzt Go"h :6f]/Ln] xfd|f] lkt[;Qf, xfd|f] ;f]rnfO{ r'gf}tL lbPsf 5g\

blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnf l/kf]6{/ / ;dfrf/sf ljifo

�n ;dfrf/bftfx? M !^ k|ltzt a+unfb]z / kfls:tfg, $^ k|ltzt ef/t, @# k|ltzt g]kfn

�n dlxnfsf] ljifoj:t' M !@ k|ltzt e'6fg, #^ k|ltzt kfls:tfg, !# k|ltzt g]kfn

lk|G6, /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgdf dlxnf l/kf]6{/

�n lk|G6 ldl8of M * k|ltzt a+unfb]z, $$ k|ltzt e'6fg, @! k|ltzt g]kfn

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�n /]l8of] M z"Go, e'6fg / kfls:tfg, %^ k|ltzt ckmuflg:tfg, @# k|ltzt g]kfn

�n 6]lnlehgM !( k|ltzt a+unfb]z, %@ ef/t, @@ k|ltzt g]kfn

;dfrf/ ldl8ofdf dlxnf, blIf0f Pl;of

�n xfd|f] lkt[;Qf jf ;f]rnfO{ r'gf}tL lbO/x]sf ;dfrf/, ljifoj:t'x?

�n a+unfb]z M z"Go, ckmuflg:tfg M !$ k|ltzt, g]kfn M @ k|ltzt

�n n}+lus ;dfgtf, dfgj clwsf/ / dlxnf clwsf/;DaGwL sfg'g jf gLltnfO{ pNn]v ub{} cfPsf :6f]/Lx?, a+unfb]z M ! k|ltzt, ckmuflg:tfg M #) k|ltzt, g]kfn M !) k|ltzt .

k|:t't ul/Psf tYof+sx?n] xfdL sxfF 5f}+, sxfF hfg' 5, s;/L hfg ;S5f}+ eGg] af6f] b]vfpg d2t ug]{ 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf ljifodf o;/L ul/Psf] cg';Gwfgsf] tYof+s 5}g . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df s] cj:yf 5 t rrf{ u/f}+ .

;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnf / r'gf}tL

-s_ sfo{:ynleqsf r'gf}tLx?

�n dlxnfsf] ;+Vof g} sd

�n dlxnfsf d'2fnfO{ uDeL/ ?kdf glnOg',

�n k'?ifsf nflu ;lhnf] x'g]u/L agfOPsf] k|fljlws ;]6ck, sfof{nosf] agfj6, a;fO, s';L{ .

�n ;'/lIft / dlxnf d}qL sfo{:ynsf] cefj

�n dlxnf d}qL gLltsf] cefj

�n cleJolQm :jtGqtfdf ;dfg cj;/sf] cefj

�n lg0ff{os txdf ;Lldt kx'Fr jf kx'Fr gx'g'

�n sfd ug]{ If]q jf ljifodf r'gf}tLx?

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-v_ ;dfh, kl/jf/, / JolQmut :t/df r'gf}tLx?

�n kl/jfl/s k|ltaGwx? -ljz]ifu/L k'?if ;b:oaf6, >Ldfg\, b]j/, efO, ;;'/f cflbaf6_

�n bf]Aa/ sfdsf] af]em, 3/ / sfd lhDd]jf/Lx?

�n dlxnfnfO{ c;xfo kLl8t, u}/af}l4s, of}lgs j:t' OToflbsf] ?kdf x]l/g'

�n ;Lldt lzIffsf cj;/x?

�n cfTdljZjf;sf] sdL M aRr}b]lvsf] x'sf{O, l;sfOsf sf/0f dlxnfdf cfTdljZjf;df sdL

�n efiff ;Lksf] cefj M efiffn] ubf{ dlxnfn] s'/f /fVg ufx|f] dfGg] u5{g\

�n ;Lksf] cefj -ljz]ifu/L, k|fljlws ;Lk_ / 1fg d'2fx?, gLltx?, sfg'g

�n cfly{s l:y/tf

;sf/fTds k|efj

olt w]/} r'gf}tLsf afah'b ;sf/fTds k|efjx? klg 5g\ . Ps dlxnfsf] k|ult c? dlxnfsf nflu klg af6f] aGg ;S5, Ps dlxnfn] ug{ ;s]sf] ljifonfO{ c? dlxnfn] klg ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] cfTdljZjf; lbG5 .

�n cfTdljZjf; k|fKt ug]{ / ;d'bfodf /f]n df]8]n aGg]

�n Ifdtf lj:tf/ / km/flsnf] lIflth aGg]

�n :yfgLo efiff / njhdf ljrf/ / :jtGqtfk"j{s JoQm ug]{

�n hfgsf/L, kx'Frsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] agfpg], klxrfxg agfpg] .

ca blIf0f Pl;ofdf dlxnfd}qL /]l8of]sf nflu s] s:tf ;'emfjx? x'g ;S5g\ eGg]tkm{ nfuf}+, d dxfTdf ufGwLsf] rlr{t egfO /fVg rfxG5', …xfd|f] eljio jt{dfgsf ul/Psf sfddf lge{/ /xG5,Ú To;f] eP xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnf ;xeflutf / n}+lus ;dfgtfsf nflu s] s] ug{ ;S5f}+ t x]/f}+ M

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!= ;fd'bflos /]l8of]nfO{ dlxnf d}qL agfpg s] s] ug{ ;lsG5 <

�n ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df s8fOsf ;fy n}+lus gLltsf] sfof{Gjog

�n ;dfhleqsf] ljljwtfnfO{ /]l8of]df ;dfj]z ug]{,

�n ljljwtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f gLlt lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog

�n k|To]s ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnf ;]nsf] :yfkgf M dlxnf k|;f/sx?n] ;fdgf ug{] r'gf}tLx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu .

�n ;dfg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ;sf/fTds sfd . pbfx/0fsf nflu x/]s 7fpFdf x'g] tflnd, k|lzIf0f, ;Dd]ng cflbdf dlxnf k'?ifsf] ;dfg ;xeflusf] Uof/]G6L

�n /]l8of]df n}+lus / ljljwtf;DaGwL cl86 . o:tf] cl86 k|To]s jif{ jf @ jif{df Ps k6s ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf cl86df lgDglnlvt d'2fx? a'em\g ;lsG5 M

– ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df slt dlxnf ;+nUg 5g / pgLx?sf] e"ldsf s] 5 <

– slt hgf tna lnP/ sfd ul//x]sf 5g\, slt :jo+;]js 5g\ <

– pgLx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu cfjZostf s] xf] <

– /]l8of]df pgLx?n] s:tf k|sf/sf ;d:of ;fdgf u5{g\ <

– /]l8of]df sfd ubf{ pgLx?nfO{ 3/df ;d:of x'G5 ls x'Fb}g <

– k|fKt tYof+snfO{ k|sfzg, k|;f/0f jf ;fj{hlgs ug]{

@= k|lzIf0f / Ifdtf ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx?

�n ljljwtf / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf ljifodf ;dfg a'emfOsf nflu tflnd .

�n dlxnf g]t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu tflnd

�n ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf nflu of]hgf / /0fgLlt lgdf{0f

�n k|fljlws tflnd, gofF k|ljlwsf ljifodf lj:t[t hfgsf/L

�n ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf /x]sf dlxnfsf] :jtGq ;~hfn lgdf{0f . g]6js{dfkm{t cfkm\gf ljifox? 5nkmn ug]{ . o:tf] g]6js{ ;fdflhs ;~hfn jf OG6/g]6j]z ;~hfn x'g ;S5 .

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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�n dlxnfsf] tYof+s k|sflzt ug'{xf];\ .

�n :yfgLo dlxnf g]t[Tj;Fusf] ;dGjodf ;fd'bflos dWo:ystf{ / zflGt lgdf{0fstf{sf] ?kdf sfd ug{] of]hgf lgdf{0f

�n ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu tof/L

�n dlxnfsf ;~hfnsf ;b:ox?sf] e]63f6 5nkmn ug]{, ePsf sfd, cj:yf, tYof+s cflb ;d]6]/ On]S6«f]lgs Go"hn]6/ k|sflzt ug]{ u/f}+ .

rf}xfgsf] k|:t'ltkl5 cdfs{n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg s] ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] ;xefuLsf] lh1f;fdf cfjZostfsf cfwf/df tflnd ug]{ ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] x/]s kfFr jif{df n}+lus ;+j]bgzLn ;e]{ ug]{ u/]sf], tYof+s cBfjlws ug{ g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] klg ;xof]u ug]{, of]hgfcg';f/ dlxnf /]l8of]sdL{sf] ;Dd]ng tof/L ul/Psf] atfpg'eof] .

k|:t'lt @ M g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] :jfldTj / ;xeflutf M cj;/ / r'gf}tLx?

aGbgf bg'jf/, csf]/fa

g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of] / o;df dlxnf ;xeflutsf ljifodf sfo{qmd eO/xFbf xfdL s:tf] cj:yfdf 5f}+ eGg] x]g{ h?/L 5 . ;'?df ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnf ;xeflutfsf nflu csf]/fasf] ljwfg / ljleGg gLltut Joj:yfaf/] rrf{ u/f}+ M

;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3 csf]/fasf] ljwfgdf Joj:yf

�n ;+3sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt @( ;b:oLo . dlxnf pkfWoIf ! ;lxt # hgf dlxnf ;b:o /xg]5 .

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�n ;+3sf] ;a} k|b]zdf ( ;b:oLo ;ldlt /xg]5, h;df pkfWoIf clgjfo{ dlxnf /xg]5 @ hgf dlxnf ;b:o u/L k|b]z sld6Ldf ljwfgt ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] .

�n s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] cfkm\gf kbflwsf/LdWo]af6 dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]u/L ;ft ;b:oLo ;lrjfno u7g ug]{5 . h;df cWoIf, jl/i7 pkfWoIf, pkfWoIf dlxnf, dxf;lrj, ;lrj, sf]iffWoIf / lgjt{dfg cWoIf /xg]5 .

�n ;+3sf] # ;b:oLo n]vf ;ldlt x'g]5, o;df eg] dlxnf ;xeflutf clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5}g .

�n ;+3n] lgjf{rg Joj:yfcg';f/ # ;b:oLo lgjf{rg ;ldlt aGffpg]5 o;df klg dlxnf clgjfo{ ul/Psf] 5}g .

;fd'bflos /]l8of] n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f gLlt–@)^*

;+3n] cfk\mgf ;b:o /]l8of] :6]zgx?df n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ ;+:yfut agfpg …;fd'bflos /]l8of] n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f gLlt @)^*Ú ;+lIfKtdf h];L gLlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . Hf];L gLltdf lgDg ljifox? ;dfj]z 5g\ M

�n x/]s ;fd'bflos /]l8of] :6]zgdf ;~rfns ;ldlt / Joj:yfkg kbx?df dlxnf / ;fdflhs ?kn] jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf ;d'bfo ;b:ox?sf] ;xeflutf a9fpgsf nflu ;sf/fTds lje]b gLlt ckgfpg],

�n sd{rf/Lx? egf{ ubf{{, n}+lus ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cfwf/df k/LIff k|0ffnL ckgfpg],

�n Tfflnd tyf cGo Ifdtf clej[l4sf sfo{qmddf dlxnf tyf jl~rlts/0fdf k/]sf ;d'bfosf nflu Gofof]lrt cj;/ k|bfg ug]{,

�n dlxnf sd{rf/Lx? ;'/IffnfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ cg's"n sfo{;do lgwf{/0f ug]{,

�n sfo{:yn / sfo{qmd k|;f/0f ubf{ n}+lusd}qL efiff z}nLsf] k|of]u ug]{

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�n h];L;DaGwL d'2f tyf ;/f]sf/x? -dlxnf, afnaflnsf, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f, n}+lus lx+;f cflb dfgj clwsf/x?_ nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg],

�n dlxnf tyf kl5 k/]sf ;d'bfosf d'2f tyf ;/f]sf/x? k|;f/0f ug{sf nflu ;dosf] plrt afF8kmFf8 ug]{ .

;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj

;fd'bflos /]l8of] ;e]{ @)&^ sf] k|f/lDes tYof+scg';f/

�n g]kfndf ;~rflnt #%) ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?dWo] !) j6f dfq} /]l8of] dlxnfn] dfq} ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ .

�n ;ftj6f ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;~rfns ;ldltsf] cWoIfdf dlxnf 5g\ .

�n !^ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df :6]zg Dofg]h/ dlxnf 5g\ / dlxnfn] g]t[Tj u/]sf :6]zg cAan klg b]lvPsf 5g\ .

;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3df dlxnf

�n :yfkgfsf] a]nf M z"Go

�n ljwfgn] cf/If0f u/]kZrft\ ;'?df dlxnf pkfWoIf ! / @ hgf dlxnf ;b:o .

�n jt{dfg sfo{;ldltdf M ! pkfWoIf, ! ;lrj, k|b]z cWoIf M ! / cGo @ hgf dlxnf ;b:o . -hDdf %_

�n ;+3df dlxnf sd{rf/L M & hgf . -hDdf @! sd{rf/Ldf_

csf]/fasf ;lrj aGbgf bg'jf/sf] k|:t'ltkl5 ;xefuLx?n] ;'emfj, wf/0ff / lh1f;f /fv]sf lyP . ;xefuLsf] ;'emfjnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ cfufdL lbgdf of]hgf agfpg ;lhnf] ePsf] ;lrj bg'jf/n] k|ltlqmof lbg'eof] . csf]/fasf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf cf/If0f 5, ToxfF dlxnf jf k'?if eg]/ 5'6\ofOPsf] 5}g . o:t} ;+3n] cfof]hgf ug]{ ljleGg sfo{qmddf dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/ tof/ ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj km\nf]af6 cfPkl5 sfo{qmd k|:tf]tfn] sfo{of]hgf agfP/ cl3 a9\g ;lsg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] .

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ax; @ M dlxnf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{sf cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg

jQmfx? M sNkgf ltjf/L, :6]zg Dofg]h/, /]l8of] d'lQm, lag' /fO{, :6]zg Dofg]h/, cfkm\gf] PkmPd, ;f]gf vl6s, :6]zg Dofg]h/, /]l8of] slknj:t', nLnf zfx, /]l8of] xfOj], pj{zL a:g]t, /]l8of] ;u/dfyf, ;xhstf{ M dLgf u'?ª

sNkgf ltjf/L, :6]zg Dofg]h/, /]l8of] d'lQm

xfdL e"uf]nn] km/s km/s 7fpFdf eP klg xfdL /]l8of]df sfo{/t dlxnfsf] syf ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5 . clxn] d /]l8of]df af]8{sf] ;lrj / :6]zg k|d'vsf ?kdf sfo{/t 5' . d :ofª\hfsf] dfG5], d]/f] !& jif{s} pd]/df ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . y'k|} kfl/jfl/s cK7]/fx?nfO{ lrb}{ d /]l8of]df ;xefuL x'g ;s]sL x'F . /]l8of] :yfkgfsf ;jfndf, @)^@÷)^# sf] cfGbf]ng kl5 /]l8of] vf]Ng] axf/ cfPsf] lyof] . ToxL ;donfO{ k5\ofpFb} xfdLn] @)^$ df /]l8of] d'lQmsf] :yfkgf u¥of}+ . /]l8of] :yfkgfsf nflu ltnf]Qdfdf xfdLn] dlxnf e]nf u/]sf lyof}+ . em08} tLg ;o dlxnf hDdf eP, /]l8of] vf]Ng] ljifodf 5nkmn eof], kqsfl/tf tflnd lnPsf sd} lyof}+ . ha nufgLsf] s'/f cfof], hDdf ePsfdWo] ;+:yfks cWoIf sljtf zdf{sf] g]t[Tjdf !*÷@) hgf o'jtLdfq} o;sf nflu tof/ b]lvP . Tof]

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dlxnf cfly{s ?kdf sdhf]/ x'g'n] cl3 a9\g g;s]sf] ljifo lyof]], dlxnfsf nflu of] kL8f cem} afFsL 5 .

hxfF r'gf}tL ToxfF cj;/ eg]/ xfdLn] /]l8of] :yfkgf u/]sf lyof}+ . xfdL;Fu /]l8of]df s]xL cg'ej ePsf ;fyLx? klg x'g'x'GYof] . d]/f] kqsfl/tf eg] /]l8of] d'lQmd} cfPkl5 ;'? ePsf] xf] . xfdLn] uj{ ug'{k5{, xfd|f] cWoIf uf]df cfrfo{ clxn]

a'6jn pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] pkk|d'v x'g'x'G5 . g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3 ?kGb]xLdf /x]sf kqsf/x?sf] ;+Vof x]g]{ xf] eg] klg ;a}eGbf w]/} kqsf/ pTkfbg ug]{df /]l8of] d'lQm k5{ . /]l8of]df gofF k|ljlwsf] s'/f cfO/x]sf 5g\, dlxnfn] dfq} rnfPsf] /]l8of]df dlxnf k|fljlws kfpg ufx|f] . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;dfrf/, sfo{qmd, Joj:yfkg, k|fljlws ;d]t w]/} dlxnf lgl:sP, gofF k|ljlw leq\ofpg] ljifodf ax; ug]{ a]nf ePsf] 5 . bf]xf]/f], t]x]/f] lhDd]jf/L axg ub}{ sfddf lgl:sPsf dlxnfn] cfkm"nfO{ sdhf]/ k|bz{g u/]sf 5}gg\ . dlxnfn] /]l8of]df cfpFbf ;Fu} aRrf lnP/ cfP/, aflx/ aRrf /fv]/ :6'l8of]df ;dfrf/ k9\g], sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ u/]/ klg cfkm"nfO{ /]l8of]sdL{sf ?kdf pEofPsf 5g\ . dlxnf g} :6]zg k|d'v ePsf 7fpFdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf s;/L a9fpg] eGg] ljifo p7\of] . xfdL kl5Nnf] ;dodf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf ljifo af]lng'k5{ eg]/ a'6jn gu/kflnsfleqsf !( j6} j8faf6 tLg hgfsf b/n] dlxnf 5fGg] / tflnd lbg], tLg hgfaf6 Ps hgf 5fGg], ltg}nfO{ :yfgLo ;dfrf/bftfsf ?kdf lng] tof/L ul//x]sf 5f}+ . o;n] :yfgLo ljifo cfpg] s'/f / dlxnf ;~rf/sdL{sf] ;+Vofdf a9f]Q/L x'g] ljZjf; 5 .

lag' /fO{, :6]zg Dofg]h/, cfkm\gf] Pkm Pd, cf]vn9'+uf

cfkm\gf] PkmPd @)^@ ;fndf cf]vn9'+ufdf klxnf]k6s :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . d o; /]l8of]df ;'?b]lv g} :6]zg Dofg]h/ ePF . /]l8of] ;'? ubf{ xfdL k9\bfsf ;fyL Ps hgf k'?if / b'O{hgf dlxnf u/L tLg hgf

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lyof}+ . d kl/jf/sf] h]7L 5f]/L, b'O{hgf efO, afafn] tF 5f]/f x'g'kYof]{, 5f]/L eO;\ eGg'x'GYof], d]/f] ;+3if{ ToxfFaf6 ;'? eof], dg b'VYof], 5f]/L ePsf sf/0f dnfO{ afafn] lsg o:tf] eGg'eof] eGg] nfUYof], dnfO{ . d 5f]/feGbf sd x'Gg, 5}g eGg] klg nfUYof] . ;fg}b]lv s]6f h:tf] eP/ x'ls{PF . /]l8of]df klg d :6]zg Dofg]h/ ePF . clxn] klg dlxnf :6]zg Dofg]h/sf ?kdf kTofpg ufx|f] dfGg] ;dfhn] !!

jif{cl3 dnfO{ ;lhn} krfPsf] lyPg . sf]xL dfG5] aflx/af6 cfof] eg] …;/ sxfF x'g'x'G5Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg] uy]{ .

dlxnfO{ l;:6/ ;~r} x'g'x'G5, eGg] rng 5, ToxL vfnsf] ;d:of / r'gf}tL ef]Ub} cfOof] . dlxnf k'?ifhlt 3'nldn ug{ g;Sg] cj:yf klg lyof] . ;dfhsf] x]/fO{, ;Daf]wgh:tf ljifodf clxn] klg ;dfhsf] wf/0ffdf vf;} km/s cfPsf] 5}g . xfd|f] h/fd} ;d:of 5, 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ ug]{ Jojxf/, lslglbg] v]nf}gf, ug]{ sfdh:tf ljifodf ePsf] ;fdflhsLs/0fd} kl/jt{g Nofpg'k5{ . xfdL hlt dlxnf oxfF e]nf ePsf 5f}+, k'?ifn] 3/ ;DxflnlbPsfn] xfdL oxfF cfpg kfof}+ . 3/df c;n k'?if ePsf dlxnfdfq} oxfF 5f}+ h:tf] nfU5 . ;'?df lhNnfdf dlxnf kqsf/ g} lyPgg\ . sfo{qmdx?df, cg'udgx?df d}n] k'?if eGbf sdhf]/ b]vfOg . b'O{ tLg uf8L k'?if ePsf] 7fpFdf d PSnf] dlxnf x'Gy]F, d}n] cfTdan pFrf] agfP, ;xefuL ePF .

xfdL dlxnfsf nflu ;a}eGbf r'gf}tL eg]sf] ;dfh xf], xfdLn] ug'{kg]{ cfF6 xf], lxDdt xf], cfTdan xf] . dlxnf g]t[Tjdf /x]sf /]l8of]df dlxnf kqsf/sf] ;+Vof a9fpg tflnd, k/fdz{, k|f]T;flxt ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmd h?/L 5 . ljjfxkl5 w]/} dlxnf kqsf/n] hflu/ 5f]8\g] u/]sf 5g\ . ljjfx jf aRrf kfPkl5 klg km]l/ hflu/df kmls{g] jftfj/0f agfpg / dlxnfnfO{ l6sfO/xg xfdLn] of]hgf agfP/} sfd ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] /]l8of]df To:tf cEof;sf] k|of; u/]sf 5f}+ .

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;f]gf vl6s, :6]zg Dofg]h/, /]l8of] slknj:t'

cfh d w]/} v';L 5', h;n] dnfO{ Pslbg …cufl8 uP/ ;f]gfn] af]nf];\Ú eGg] rfxg'x'GYof], tkfO{x?sf] rfxgf k"/f ePsf] 5 . deGbf w]/} cg'ejLx?sf] pkl:ylt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg dnfO{ oxfF af]Ng] cj;/ lbg'eof], cfef/L 5' . cj;/ kfPsf] a]nfdf s]xL s'/f /fV5', d}n] sfd u/]sf] /]l8of] lgs} ;+3if{df :yfkgf ePsf] xf], :yfkgfsf] ;'?jftL dlxgf;Dd 7"nf] gbL kf/ u/]/ h]g]/]6/af6 ;~rfng eP/ /]l8of] slknj:t', lhNnfs} klxnf]

/]l8of]sf] ?kdf :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . /]l8of] g} ;+3if{d} lyof] eg], d}n] slt ;+3if{ u/]F xf]nf o;} klg cg'dfg ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . slknj:t'df g]kfnL efiffdf c? /]l8of]x? ;'lgGYof], t/ ToxfFsf hgtfx?n] g]kfnL efiff a'em\b}gy] . slknj:t'df () k|ltzt cjwL efifL 5g\ . Tof] a]nf sDtLdf Pp6f uflj;df eP klg ;'gfpg x'G5 eg]/ !)) jf6sf] /]l8of] :yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

d x's]{sf], /]l8of] :yfkgf ul/Psf] :yfgsf ;d'bfo cfhsf] ldlt;Dd klg 5f]/LnfO{ lzIff lbg'k5{ eGg] s'/f ;'Gg rfxFb}g . 5f]/LnfO{ 3/af6 aflx/ hfg lbg'x'Fb}g, afns}df ljjfx ul/lbg'k5{ eGg] ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{ d clxn] /]l8of]sf] :6]zg Dofg]h/ ePsL 5' . cfh t o:tf] 5 eg] !) jif{ klxn] s:tf] lyof] xf]nf < @)^^ j}zfv ! ut] d}n] slknj:t' lhNnfs} klxnf] dlxnf /]l8of]sdL{sf ?kdf /]l8of] slknj:t'af6 cfjfh lbPF, o:tf] ;dfhaf6 d /]l8of];Dd s;/L k'u]F xf]nf < d}n] ;dfh;Fu ;+3if{ u/]/ jf ;dfhnfO{ l/hfP/ s;/L /]l8of];Dd k'u]F < w]/}h:tf]nfO{ o;af/] yfxf 5 xf]nf . d 3/af6 efu]/} /]l8of]df uPsf] x'F, d sfd u5'{, s]xL u/]/ vfG5' eg]/ /]l8of]df uPsf] x'F . d]/f] bfOsf] klg kl9;s]kl5 alxgLn] s]xL u/f];\ eGg] rfxgf lyof] . t/ d]/f] klxnf] n8fOF afnljjfxlj?4 lyof] . d}n] s'g} klg xfntdf afnljjfx ulb{g eg]sf] lyPF . Tof] n8fOF d}n] lht]F . d}n] a? 3/, tkfO{x?nfO{ 5f]8\5'

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t/ afnljjfx ulb{g eg]/ 3/ 5f]8]/ lg:s]sf] lyPF . ;w}+sf nflu 5f]8]sf] lyPF t/ Ps jif{kl5 bz}+df dnfO{ 3/af6 af]nfOof], d uPF . 3/ 5f]8\bf slt kL8f x'Fbf]/x]5 eGg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . ljjfx u/]/ uPsL dlxnfnfO{ gofF 3/df 3'nldn x'g ;do nfUnf t/ a:g] vfg] 7fpFsf] 7]ufg x'G5 . d 3/af6 lg:sFbf sxfF hfg], sxfF a:g] eGg] s]xL klg 7]ufg lyPg t/ klg d 3/af6 lg:s]+ . kl5 /]l8of] slknj:t'n] cfwf/e"t kqsfl/tf tflnd lbof] . d 5gf}6df k/]F, ;'?df d}n] /]l8of]df :jod\;]js eP/ sfd u/]sf] lyPF . Tolta]nf d;Fu k};f lyPg .

;ft lbg;Dd sf]7fdf rfdn bfn s]xL gx'Fbf klg d}n] ef]sef]s} /]l8of]df sfd u/]+ . d dw]zL xf], blnt xf], d]/f] dft[efiff cjwL xf] t/ d /]l8of]df yf? efiffdf ;dfrf/ k9\y]+ . sltn] dw]zLnfO{ yf? efiffsf] ;dfrf/ k9\g lbPsf] eg]/ lj/f]w klg u/] . /]l8of]sf cWoIfnufotn] pxfFsf] Ifdtfn] ubf{ sfd ug'{ePsf] xf] elglbg'eof] . /]l8of]df cfPkl5 dnfO{ lgs} ;d:of eof] . /]l8of]df k'Ug kfFr ;ft ;o ld6/ nfdf] / 7"nf] gbL kf/ ug'{kYof]{, k'n lyPg, 8'+ufdfq} rNYof], af9L cfof] eg] ToxL gbLsf] 5]pdf /flt gf} ah];Dd PSn} 8'+uf kv]{/ a:y]+ . d a:g] 7fpF / /]l8of]sf] b"/L sl/a kfFr lsnf]ld6/ lyof] t/ 3'd]/ hfFbf Psflt/af6 !! lsnf]ld6/ / csf]{lt/af6 $) lsnf]ld6/ xf/fxf/L kYof]{ . 5f]6f] af6f]df kg]{ gbL tg{ 8'+uf kv{Fbf d}n] hnfOPsf] nf;sf] cfuf] tfk]/ klg /flt;Dd a;]sL yPF . k'n agfpg] a]nfdf klg …h];LeLÚ n] df6f] vGg] 8f8'df a;fP/ vf]nf tfl/lbPsf] lyof] .

d}n] ;ft ;ft lbg;Dd vfgf vfg gkfpFbfsf] kL8f t 5Fb}5, cfkm";Fu kfFr ?k}ofF gx'Fbf k'; df3sf] hf8f]df /flt gf} ah];Dd aflx/ a;]sL 5' . Psk6s d a:g] 3/sf] d"n9f]sfsf] ;fFrf] ;fyLx?n] nu]5g\ . d}n] ;fFrf] dfUg kmf]g ug{'kg]{ eof], kmf]g ug{ d;Fu kfFr ?k}ofF lyPg, d}n] kmf]g ug{ lbg';\ d;Fu k};f 5}g eGbf …lkl;cf] jfnfÚ n] kTofPg, pN6} dnfO{ nf~5fgf nufOof] . h'g a]nf d]/f] sf]7fdf rfdn ;lsPsf] lyof], bfn ;lsPsf] lyof], ToxL a]nf k};f lyPg . …lkl;cf] jfnfÚ sf] ;Fu} cf}iflw k;n klg lyof] . pgn] tkfO{ slt cf}iflw nfg'x'G5 nfg';\ d lbG5', t/ kmf]grflxF pwf/f] lbg ;lQmg eGg] hjfkm lbP . d}n] cf}iflw rflxPsf] 5}g, dnfO{ 3/leq hfg' 5, gq aflx/ x'G5' /ftel/, ToxL eP/

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kmf]g ug{ lbg';\, d h;/L klg k};f lt5'{ eg]/ /]l8of]sf ;lrjnfO{ kmf]g u/]F . b'O{ ldg]6 kmf]g u/]sf] ^ ?k}ofF eof] eg]sf lyP, d}n] ef]lnkN6} k};f lbg ;lsg . x/]s lbg d}n] ToxL lkl;cf] eP/ lx8\g'kYof]{, a}gL v} kmf]gsf] k};f eg]/ dfu] eg] s] eGg] xf]nf eg]/ dgdf 8/ nflu/xGYof] . sf]7dfdf uP/ s]xL 5 ls eg]/ x]/]+, tgfj lyof], em08} cfwf kfphlt rfdn /x]5, oxL a]r]/ kmf]g u/]sf] k};f lt5'{ eGg] nfUof] t/ olt yf]/} rfdn sxfF nu]/ a]Rg] < d rfdn a]Rg !) j6f hlt k;n wfPF . olt rfdn sxfFaf6 Nofof}, rf]/]/ NofPsf] xf] eg]/ ;f]Wy], d}n] k;n]x?nfO{ lnOlbg';\ eg]/ cg'/f]w u/]F .

cGtdf Pp6f k;n] /fhL eP, & ?k}ofF k};f lbP . d bf}8]/ lkl;cf] uPF, ^ ?k}ofF lt/]+ clg aNn 9'Ss eof] . /]l8of] ofqfsf] ;'?cftd} d}n] Tof] vfnsf] ;+3if{ ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . olt x'Fbf;Dd d}n] oL s'/f cWoIf, :6]zg Dofg]h/ s;}nfO{ eg]sf] lyOg . :jod\;]jL eP/ sfd u/]sf] eP klg /]l8of]n] a:g Pp6f sf]7f lbPsf] lyof] . dnfO{ Pslbg cWoIfn] ;f]gf cfh d]/f] nflu klg vfgf ksfp x} eGg'eof], d}n] x'G5 eg] . Tof] lbg Dofg]h/ /]l8of]df x'g'x'GgYof] .

vfg]a]nf ePkl5 cWoIf lsr]gdf cfpg'eof], d ;'Tg] 7fpF klg lsr]gd} lyof] . pxfFn] v} vfgf eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof], efF8f TolQs} lyP, d;Fu hjfkm lyPg, Toltv]/ d]/f] cfFvfaf6 em/]sf] cfF;'n] g} hjfkm lbO/x]sf] lyof] . pxfFn] Ps zAb gaf]lnsg dnfO{ k;ndf lnP/ hfg'eof], pxfFn] cab]lv ltdLnfO{ h] h] rflxG5, hlt rflxG5 clkm;sf] gfd n]v]/ ;fdfg lnP/ hfg', ksfP/ vfg', ef]s} ga:g' eGg'eof] . pxfFn] o;/L ef]s} a;]sf] sltlbg eof] eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof], d}n] ;a}s'/f eg]+, pxfFn] xfdLnfO{ oL s'/f lsg geg]sf] eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof], d}n] cfkm\gf kL8f ;'gfpg] lxDdt h'6fpg ;lsg eg]/ hjfkm kmsf{PF . d}n] eg] klg tkfO{x?n] of] s'/f ;'Gg'x'G5 ls a]jf:tf ug'{x'G5 xf]nf eGg] nfUof] eg]+ .

d}n] /]l8of]sf cWoIfaf6 ;xof]u kfPsf] lyPF, la:tf/} sfd ug{ l;ls/x]sf] lyPF, h'g lbg cWoIfsf] d'6'sf] ck|];g ug{ pxfF /]l8of]af6 hfFb} x'g'x'GYof], d]/f] sf]7fdf bf]xf]/ tfNrf nufOlbPsf lyP . o;nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ dflg; uP, ca s;/L a:bL /lx5 eg]/ To;f] ul/Psf] lyof] . Tof]

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lbg d;Fu d]/f] lbbLsL 5f]/L klg lyOg, pgL ef]sfP/ /f]O/x]sL lyOg . /]l8of]sf Dofg]h/ klg aflx/ x'g'x'GYof] . d;Fu kmf]g ug{ df]afOn lyPg, xfdL cWoIfsf] clkm; cufl8 al;/x]sf lyof}+, kl5 cWoIfHo" cfpg'eof], xfdLnfO{ aflx/ b]v]/ pxfFn] lsg aflx/ a;]sf] ;f]gf eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof], d}n] sf]7fdf tfnf nufOlbP5g\ ;/ eg]/ ;'gfPF . pxfFn] kmf]g u/]/ lsg tfnf nufOPsf] xf], s] dfu 5, d cfPkl5 k"/f u/f}+nf, tfnf vf]Ng';\ elglbg'eof] . Toltubf{ klg la/f]wLkIfx?n] tfnf vf]lnlbPgg\ . kl5 Dofg]h/ cfP/ tfnf tf]l8lbg'eof] . d leq hfg kfPF . /]l8of]df sfo{/t Pshgf 5f]/LdfG5] /flt;Dd aflx/ al;/xFbf;Dd pxfFx?n] dfgjLotf b]vfpg'ePg .

lhNnfdf klg ;d:of Tolts} 5, clxn] klg ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df sfd ug]{ dlxnfnfO{ kqsf/ dxf;+3n] ;b:osf ?kdf lnFb}g . dxf;+3sf] ;b:otf lng] a]nfdf s'g klqsfdf sfd ug'{x'G5 eg]/ ;f]lwof] . d}n] /]l8of]df sfd ug]{nfO{ kqsf/ lsg gdfGg] eg]/ k|Zg u/]+, xfdLn] g} ;a}eGbf w]/} cGtjf{tf{ u/]sf 5f}+, ufpFsf s'/f NofPsf 5f}+ eg]F . dlxnf kqsf/n] cem w]/} sfd u/]sf 5f}+, Pp6f /]l8of] l/kf]6{ agfpg sDtLdf kfFr hgfsf] cGtjf{tf{ lng'k5{ . lhNnfdf sfo{qmd x'Fbf l/kf]6{/nfO{ klxn] cf;gu|x0f u/fpF5g\ t/ :6]zg Dofg]h/nfO{ jf:tf ul/Fb}g . dlxnf eP/ xf] ls, dw]zL eP/ xf] ls lsg xf] < s] lgotn] o:tf] ul/Psf] xf] < o;sf] hjfkm kfpg ;ls/x]sL 5}g .

;fd'bflos /]l8of]df sfd ug]{ dlxnfdfly d}n] Pp6f cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] 5', ;'?df ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df sfd ug]{ cf7 hgf dlxnfnfO{ lnP/ cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] lyPF, Ps jif{ gk'Ub} rf/ hgfn] 5f]l8;s] . of] aLrdf b'O{hgf Jofkfl/s /]l8of]df sfd ug]{x? ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df klg cfPsf 5g\ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df sfd ug]{n] lsg /]l8of] 5f]8] eGg] k|ZgnfO{ ;d]t /fv]/ cg';Gwfgsf] lgisif{ lg:s]nf . pgLx? !! jf !@ sIffdf cWoog/t ljBfyL{;d]t lyP .

d s]xL aflx/ uPF, ;+3if{ ub}{ sfd l;Sb} u/]/ /]l8of] k|j]z u/]sf] & jif{kl5 @)&# ;fndf d /]l8of] slknj:t'sf] :6]zg Dofg]h/ ag]F . d]/f] ofqf :jod\;]jL, emf8' nufpg] sfof{no ;xfos x'Fb}, ;dfrf/df sfd

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u/]/ Dofg]h/ ag]F . d oxfFx?s} ;xof]un] oxfF k'u] . d}n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o tflnddf ;xeflutf hgfpg] df}sf kfPF . cdfs{dfkm{t lbNnL / a+unfb]zdf l;Sg] l;sfpg] df}sf ldNof] . d}n] cfd;~rf/ ljifodf klg :gftsf]Q/ tx;Ddsf] cWoog ;s]sL 5' . of] cWoogsf nflu csf]/fan] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5, ;]km8{ sn]hdf xfkm :sn/l;kdf kqsfl/tf k9\g kfPF . d}n] :gfts;Ddsf] cWoog ul0ft ljifodf u/]sf] x'F . d}n] sl/a !! jif{sf] /]l8of] ofqfsf qmddf #) j6f xf/fxf/L tflnd lng kfPF . d}n] st} uP/ s]xL l;Sg kfPF eg] To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg]{ k|of; ug]{ u/]sf] u5'{ .

/]l8of]df dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a9fpg xfdLn] /]l8of]df jif}{el/ …OG6g{zLkÚ sf] Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}+ . Tof] l;Sg] / /]l8of];Fu hf]l8g] cj;/ x'g;S5 . sfd ul//x]sf dlxnf kqsf/ ljBfyL{ 5g\ eg] pgLx?nfO{ k9fO ;lsPkl5 cfpg ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}+ . aLrdf 6\o';g sIff 5 eg] klg ;do lbPsf 5f}+ . ;d'bfodf lszf]/L /]l8of] u|'k ag]sf 5g\, pxfFx?nfO{ lkmN8af6} cfkm\g} PG8«f]O{8 df]afOndf sfo{qmd /]sl8{ª ug'{x'G5, xfdLnfO{ k7fpg'x'G5, xfdLn] To:tf sfo{qmd pTkfbgsf nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u u/]sf 5f}+ . o;n] dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fPsf] 5 . xfdLsxfF OG6g{zLk ug'{ePsf dlxnf ;fyLx?n] aflx/ cGo k]zfdf uP/ klg pTs[i6 k|bz{g ug'{ePsf] 5 .

nLnf zfx, ;Dkfbs, /]l8of] xfOj]

klxnf]k6s o:tf] sfo{qmdf ;xefuL x'g kfPF . cfof]hs csf]/fak|lt cfef/L 5' . cg'ej, cj;/ / r'gf}tLsf ljifodf af]Ng elgPsf] 5, dlxnf;Fu hf]l8Psf k|foM ljifo p:t} p:t} x'g\ h:tf] nfU5 . d]/f] kqsfl/tfsf] cg'ej cln km/s 5 . d}n] bfª lhNnfaf6 kqsfl/tf u/]F . d}n] lhNnfdf kqsfl/tf ;'? ug{] a]nf;Dd dlxnf kqsf/ sf]xL klg x'g'x'GgYof], PSnf] x'Fbf s]xL ;do cK7]/f] eof], oBlk y'k|} dlxnf kqsf/x? of] k]zfdf cfpg'eof] .

kqsf/ dxf;+3cGtu{t bfªd} %* hgf x'g'x'G5 . dxf;+3df cfj4 gx'g' ePsf cem y'k|} xf]nf . xfdL dlxnf ;Ifd eP/ cl3 a9\g ;Sg] /x]5f}+

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eg]/ dnfO{ uef{g'e"lt ePsf] 5 . d u[lx0fL, aRrfaRrL hlGd;s]kl5 kqsfl/tf ;'? u/]sf] x'F . of] k]zfd} @$ jif{ latfPF . d g]kfn 6]lnlehgdf cf7 jif{ sfd u/]kl5 ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df cfj4 ePF . d}n] 6]lnlehgdf sfd ubf{ kl/jf/af6 s'g} afwf c8\rg ePg, a? ;xof]u ldNof] . clxn] d]/f] &^ jif{sL ;f;" x'g'x'G5 . aRrfaRrL 5g\, s'g} klg sfddf dnfO{ kl/jf/af6 o;f] gu/f}+ elgPsf] 5}g . d]/f] ef]ufO ;xh 5 . d}n] ;fdfGo PsxKt] tflnd lnP/ kqsfl/tf ;'? u/]sL x'F .

kqsfl/tf k9\g /fhwfgL;Dd cfpg ;Sg] cj:yf lyPg . ;'?df cf}krfl/s ;dfrf/ n]Vg b'O{ 306f;Dd nfu]sf] cg'ej 5 . 6]lnlehgdf sfd ubf{ ufpF7fpFdf uOGof] . tL ufpFsf dflg;sf] kx'Fr 6]lnlehg;Dd lyPg . ufpFufpFdf ;a}sf nflu ;femf cfjfh, ;femf af]nL eg]sf] /]l8of] /x]5 eg]/ ;~rfnssf] ?kdf d}n] /]l8of]df k|j]z u/]F . clxn] /]l8of]df ;Dkfbssf ?kdf Ps bzsb]lv sfo{/t 5' . dnfO{ k'?if ;xsdL{n] ;w}+ ;xof]u ug'{eof] . d}n] dlxnf ePs} sf/0f slxNo} x]lkg', c;xh dx;'; ug'{k/]g . k]zfk|lt k|lta4 ag]/ sfd u/]+, kfl/jfl/s sfdsf] Joj:yfkg klg u/]+ . d}n] Tof] a]nfdf lhNnfdf a;]/ h'g :t/sf] ;+3if{ u/]+, To:t} ;+3if{ g]kfnsf ;a} lhNnfsf dlxnfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] xf]nf ;fob, ToxL eP/ g} xfdL dlxnf o;/L e]nf eP/ 5nkmn, hd36 ug{] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf 5f}+ .

clnslt cj;/sf] klg s'/f u/f}+ . k]zfk|lt ujf{g'e"lt ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5, ;Ddfg 5, af]nLdf, gfddf, klxrfxgdf cj;/ 5, oxfF cj;/} cj;/ 5, b'ljwf 5}g . r'gf}tLsf s'/f ubf{ kvf{n 5g\ . clxn]sf] k|d'v r'gf}tL eg]sf] dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf] xf] . /]l8of]df ;dfrf/, Joj:yfkg jf k|ljlwdf sfd ul//x]sf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof xf/fxf/L #) k|ltztdfq} 5 . of] Hofb} sd xf] . o;nfO{ %) k|ltzt k'¥ofpg' clxn]sf] d'Vo r'gf}tL xf] . xfdLn] xfd|f ldl8ofdf clws dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg'k5{ . xfdLn] ;Lk,

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1fg / wf/0ffnfO{ ;xL tl/sfn] ;dfof]hg ul/g'k5{ . dlxnf kqsfl/tf If]qdf ;'?df /x/n] cfpg'x'G5, ha pxfFx?n] afu]{lgª ug]{ a]nf x'G5, clg sfd 5f]8\g'x'G5 . sfd ul//x]sf ;a} dlxnfn] lgo'lQmkq kfpg'ePsf] 5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . of] k]zfdf l6Sg ;Sg] eOof] eg] :YffloTjsf] r'gf}tL lrg{ ;lsG5 .

dlxnfn] n]v]sf ;dfrf/ laSg ;Sg] t/ dlxnf kqsfl/tfdf l6Sg g;Sg] cj:yf lrg'{kg]{ 5 . clxn] eO/x]sf] dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ s]nfP/ x]g]{ xf] eg] ls t dlxnf cfkm}+ nufgL u/]/ cfPsf 5g\, ls pgLx?sf >Ldfg\ ToxfF 5g\ . gq ;xeflutf sd 5, cfly{s ?kdf dlxnf ;Ifd x'g g;Sg' klg r'gf}tL xf] . dlxnf cl3 a9\g glbg cg]sg cj/f]w v8f ul/G5 . sltko cj:yfdf dlxnf g} dlxnfsf afws ag]sf 5g\ . dlxnfn] dlxnfsf nflu klg ;Ddfg ug{ l;Sg'k5{ . dlxnf kqsf/sf] clen]vLs/0f ul/g'k5{ . pxfFx?sf] txut ljefhg u/L ToxL cg';f/sf] tflndsf] cfof]hgf ul/g'k5{ . o;sf] g]t[Tj csf]/fan] ug'{k5{ .

k|ljlwsf If]qdf y'k||} gofF ljifo cfPsf 5g\, ;+:yfut ?kdf cleefjsLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{u/L sfd ul/of];\ . cfpg] k':tfn] cem Jojl:yt tl/sfn] sfd ug]{ cj:yf ;[hgf ul/g'k5{ . kz'sf] ladf 5, t/ kqsf/ dlxnfsf] 5}g . o;tkm{ klg Wofg lbg h?/L 5 . xfdLn] a]nfa]nfdf /]l8of]df tflnd cfof]hgf u/]/ dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fpg] u5f}+{ . o:tf tflnd lnPsfn] cj;/ klg kfpg'x'G5 . clxn] xfd|f] /]l8of]df b'O{hgf dfq} k'?if x'g'x'G5, afFsL ;a} dlxnf . xfdL;Fu n}+lus gLlt klg 5, To;n] xfdLnfO{ dfu{lgb]{z u5{ . 6f]n6f]ndf dlxnf, /]l8of]df klxnf eGg] gf/fdfkm{t dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpg] k|of;df nfu]sf 5f}+ .

pj{zL a:g]t, 8]k'6L :6];g Dofg]h/, /]l8of] ;u/dfyf

;a}eGbf klxn] of] kmf]/d pknAw u/fOlbg'esf]df csf]/fanfO{ wGojfb . d @)%& ;fn r}t ! af6 /]l8of] ;u/dfyf k|j]z u/]sL x'F . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df d]/f] cg'ej nueu @) jif{sf] eof] . d sf7df8f}+sf] sfF7sf] vfGbfgL kl/jf/sL 5f]/L, xfd|f]df 5f]/Ln] sfd ug'{x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf

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lyof] . k9]n]v]sf] / ;DkGg eP klg kl/jf/, ;s{neGbf aflx/ hfg x'Fb}g eGg] kl/jf/df x's]{/ cfPsf] lyPF . d k/LIff lbP/ Tolts} al;/x]sf] a]nf /]l8of] ;u/dfyfdf k|zf;g If]qdf sfd ug{ uPF . d]/f] a'afnfO{ of] s'/f yfxf lyPg . pxfFn] ls t 8fS6/ geP clws[t aGg'k5{ eGg'ePsf] lyof] . d}n] kqsf/ aG5' eg]/ ;f]r]sf] lyOg . d ;u/dfyfdf sfd ug{ yfn]sf] yfxf kfPkl5 a'afn] sfd ug'{kb}{g 5f]l8b]p eGg'eof] . t/ dnfO{ sfd ug{ dg

al;;s]sf] lyof] . kl/jf/nfO{ ;Demfpg lgs} ufx|f] eof] . d}n] kl5 l/kf]l6{ªdf sfd ug{ yfn]+, r'gfjsf a]nf l/kf]l6{ªdf ufpF ufpFsf] a'ydf k'u]F . a:g]t sfhLsL 5f]/L pm s;/L sfd ub}{ lx8]sL 5 eg]/ rf}yf] c+u eP klg kl/jf/n] ;xh;Fu lnPsf] lyPg . kl5 a'afn] klg a'em\g'eof], pxfF v';L x'g'eof] . s'g} If]qdf /lx/xg] xf] eg] sfd ug]{ Kof;g x'g'kg]{ /x]5, cfkm"nfO{ ;Ifd agfpg'kg]{ /x]5 . d;Fu ;fd'bflos /]l8of];Fu hf]l8Psf] tLtf] cg'ej 5}g .

dlxnfsf] lax]kl5, aRrf ePkl5sf bfloTj km/s x'G5, of] ljifo b]vfP/ gofF k':tfnfO{ xfpu'hL agfpg' x'Fb}g . cfkm"n] cfkm"nfO{ klg alnof] agfpg'k5{ . oL ljifo ;fdfGo x'g eg]/ hfg'k5{ . r'gf}tL y'k|} 5g\, kfl/jfl/s r'gf}tL x'G5 . gofF k':tfsf cfpg'x'G5, s]xL ;do sfd ug'{x'G5, cln a9L k};f kfOg] eof] eg] lxl8xfNg'x'G5, :yfloTj x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . csf]/fan] h'g 5nkmn cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] 5nkmn ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?df x'g cfjZos 5 . g]t[Tjn] o; ljifodf Wofg lbg'k5{ . cj;/sf] s'/f ubf{ d ;a}lt/ b]V5', xfdL dlxnfn] >Ldfg\n] /]l8of] vf]Ng'ePsf], d ToxfF :6]zg Dofg]h/ aGg'k5{ eg]/ xf]Og ls cfkm"df u'0ffTds j[l4 ug'{ cfjZos 5 . To;f] eof] eg] o;} klg g]t[Tjdf k'Ug ;lsG5 . dlxnfnfO{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?df ;xhtf ;[hgf ug{ k'?ifx?sf] e"ldsf klg TolQg} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . ljutsf] t'ngfdf dlxnf kqsf/sf] ;+Vof al9/x]sf] 5 . xfdLsxfF !) hgf OG6g{lzkdf

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cfpg'eof] eg] * hgf dlxnf x'g'k5{ . sfo{:yndf dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt klg pT;fxhgs 5 .

lgisif{

dlxnfsf] :jfldTj / ;xeflutf ePsf] tyf dlxnfsf ljifodf /fd|f] /]l8of] sfo{qmd / cGo ;fdu|L agfO{ of]ubfg ul//x]sf kfFr /]l8of]af6 k|Zgf]Q/ z}nLdf ul/Psf] 5nkmnn] /]l8of] leqsf jf:tljs syf aflx/ cfPsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf dlxnfsf ;Gbe{df ;fd'bflos /]l8of] Joj:yfkgsf] dflyNnf] tx;Dd k'Ug] af6fsf tuf/f / ;dfwfgsf pkfox?, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;d'bfodf ;j{;fwf/0f dlxnfsf] k|j]znfO{ ;lhnf] t'Nofpg ckgfpg'kg]{ pkfox?, ;fd'bflos /]l8ofdf sfo{/t dlxnfsf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu k|d'v k|fyldstf, ;fd'bflos /]l8ofdf dlxnf / k|ljlw, vf;u/L ablnFbf] k|fljlws ljsf;aLrsf] b"/L sd ug]{ pkfo / ;fd'bflos /]l8of] If]qsf] /fli6«o g]t[Tj txdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf ;zQm / Jofks u/fpg] pkfoh:tf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Fbf cGo ;xeflusf nflu l;sfO ePsf] lyof] .

;xefuL jQmfn] cfkm"n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{ aGg u/]sf] ;+3if{, To;aLrdf cfPsf ljljw afwf c8\rg, To;nfO{ lrg{ ug'{k/]sf] ;+3if{ / xfnsf] cj:yf lrq0f u/]sf lyP . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnf g]t[Tjdf k'Ug] s'/f rfgr'g] gePsf] af/] ;a} ;xefuLsf] wf/0ff lyof] . 5nkmnn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf ;+3if{ / ;kmntfsf syf phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . jQmfsf ?kdf /x]sf afx]s km\nf]/af6 klg pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf /x\of] . b]z}e/af6 dlxnf kqsf/sf] ;+Vof;lxtsf] tYof+s cBfjlws ug'{kg]{ ljifo p7]sf 5g\ . dlxnfsf] k|ultdf dlxnfn] ;fy lbg'k5{, OR5fzlQm hufpg'k5{ eGg] cfjfh;d]t cfP . dlxnfsf r'gf}tL p:t} p:t} eP klg e"uf]n, efiff, hflt ljz]ifn] dlxnf dlxnfaLr klg lje]b /x]sf] s'/f glj;{g gLlt lgdf{0f txdf /x]sf ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ emsemsfpg] k|of;

ePsf] 5 .

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ax; # M ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] kx'Fr M cj;/ / pkfo

jQmfx? M clDasf ?kfv]tL, pkfWoIf yfqm] ufpFkflnsf wflbª, dw'snf s'Fj/, /]l8of] n'lDagL, k'ikf rf}w/L, /]l8of] u'?afaf, sNkgf clwsf/L, cWoIf Psn dlxnf ;~hfn wflbª, ;xhstf{ M lbk' kf]v/]n 1jfnL

clDasf ?kfv]tL, pkfWoIf, yfqm] ufpFkflnsf

o; P]ltxfl;s sfo{qmddf dnfO{ jQmfsf ?kdf /flvPsfdf cfof]hsnfO{ wGojfb . /]l8of]sf] Oltxf; / dlxnf ;~rf/sdL{sf w]/} ljifo cfbfgk|bfg eO;s]sf 5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ kqsfl/tf xf]; jf ;fdflhs cleoGtfsf ?kdf sfd ug{ ;lhnf] 5}g . d}n] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng x'Fb} ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf sfd u/]/ ;fdflhs cleofgdf xf]ldPsf] x'F . d cfh h'g kbdf 5', ToxfF d}n] k'?ifn] h:tf] ;Ddfg kfpF5g, To:tf] kfpg ;s]sf] 5}g . d]/} 5f]/Lsf] s'/f u/f}+, kqsfl/tf kl9/x]sL pgn] :gfts txdf k'u]kl5 clxn] kqsfl/tfn] dfq} l6Sg ;lsFb}g eg]/ sfg'g ljifo klg ;'? u/]sL 5g\ . cfkm"n] c+ufn]sf] k]zfdf l6Sg ;S5' eGg]df 9'Ss eOPg eg] lg/Gt/tf x'g ;Qm}g . o;sf nflu ;a}eGbf klxn] kxn ul/g'k5{, ;Daf]wg ul/g'k5{ . o;sf nflu tLgj6} txsf ;/sf/n] sfd ug'{k5{, :yfgLo ;/sf/n] s] ug{ ;S5, d tof/ 5' . csf]{ ;'/lIft jftfj/0fsf ljifodf xfdLn] ;f]Rg'k5{, cfkm'n] c+ufn]sf] k]zfleq dof{bf 5, 9'Ss;Fu d dlxnf kqsf/ x'F eg]/ eGg ;Sg] cfF6, Ifdtf / cfTdan cfkm"n] agfpg h?/L 5 . kl/jf/ / ;dfhn] ToxL vfnsf] ;Ddfg lbg h?/L

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5 . ldl8of xfp;leq, ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf nflu hfFbf a]xf]g'{kg]{ ljleGg afwf Jojwfgsf s'/f, aflx/af6 c?n] x]bf{ b]lvg] rl/qsf s'/f x'g, tL ;a} s'/fdf ;'/Iff, cfTd;Ddfg / cfTdljZjf; k|Tofe"t x'g'k5{ . ha;Dd xfdLn] ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Qm}gf}+, Tolta]nf;Dd kqsf/ dlxnf, clwsf/sdL{ dlxnf, /fhgLltdf nfu]sf

dlxnf x'g\ jf 3/ kl/jf/leqsf dlxnfsf s'/fdf ;dfgtf kfpg d'l:sn 5 . xfdLn] 6'qmf6'qmfdf dfq} ;dfgtf kfP/ x'Fb}g, ;du|tfdf vf]Hg' k5{ . xfdLn] cfkm}+ 6]s]sf] w/ftn x]g{ h?/L 5, cfkm\g} 3/kl/jf/df x]g{ h?/L 5, To;}n] k|ltjfbsf nflu tof/ x'g'k5{ . …dnfO{ gx]k, dnfO{ glk6, dnfO{ ;Ddfg b]pÚ eg]/ dfq} x'g]jfnf 5}g, p;n] u/]sf x/]s cfk/flws lqmofsnfkx?df k|ltjfbdf pqg ;Sg] dfgl;s cj:yfdf cfkm"nfO{ pEofpg' k5{ .

hlta]nf d ;fdflhs kl/rfnssf ?kdf ufpFdf sfd ug{ hfGy]+, dnfO{ ;/ cfpg'ePg < eg]/ ;f]lwGYof], hals ToxfF hfg] ;/n] eGbf d}n] w]/} sfd uy]{+ . d}n] ufpFkflnsfsf] pkfWoIfdf lgjf{lrt eP/ sfd ul//xFbf klg Tof] vfnsf] cg'e"lt ul//x]s} 5' . eGg'kg]{ ljifo ToxL xf], d}n] eGbf …s'/f t 7Ls} xf] t/ cWoIfn] eGg'k¥of] lg tÚ eGg] k|ltlqmof cfpF5 . xfdL dlxnfn] k|d'v kbx?df s;/L /xg], ToxLcg'?k cfkm"nfO{ s;/L ljsf; ub}{ n}hfg], cfkm\g} e/df s;/L hfg] eGg] s'/f x]Ssf /fVg h?/L 5 . dnfO{ dlxnfx?n] g]t[Tj ug]{ xfdL klxnf] k':tf xf}+ h:tf] nfU5, d]/L cfdfn] klg g]t[Tj u/]sf] xf]Og, afn] h] eGg'eof] ToxL dfGg' ePsf] xf], d]/L xh'/cfdfn] klg xh'/afn] h] eGg'eof], ToxL ug'{ePsf] xf] . d]/L ;f;"n] klg g]t[Tj ug'{ePsf] xf]Og . ;;'/fs} s'/fdf ;xL yfKg' eof] . ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf lx;fan] xfdL ;+qmd0fsfndf 5f}+, o; cy{n] lxhf] ag]sf d"No dfGotf jf ;+:sf/nfO{ xfdLn] k"0f{?kdf abNg klg ;s]sf 5}+gf}+ / k"/} gofF ;+:sf/sf] ;'?cft ug{ ;s]sf klg 5}gf}+ .

csf]{ ljifo, d}n] eg]sf s'/f d]/f] kl/jf/n] dfGb}g eg] c? s;}n] dfGb}g, kl/jt{g xfdLaf6} ;'? u/f}+ . kl5Nnf] ;do kqsfl/tfdf d]xgt cln sd

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ePsf] 5 ls eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . slxn] sfxLF n]gb]gsf ljifo klg cfpg] u5{g\ . j:t'lgi7 eP/ ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f u/f}+ . ;dfhdf ePsf ljleGg zf]if0flj?4 sfd ug{, ;fdflhs xflgsf/s cEof;x?lj?4 cleofg rnfpg, tflnd, k|lzIf0f ;~rfng ug{ xfdL :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;xsfo{ ug{ ;S5f}+ .

ufpFkflnsfdf tkfO{ cfPkl5 s] ug'{eof] eg]/ ;f]lwG5, d}n] lxhf] h'g d'2f p7fPsf] lyPF, ltg} ljifodf sfd ug{] k|of; eO/x]sf] 5 . ufpFkflnsfn] n}+lus lx+;f /fxt sf]if ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf agfP/ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . cK7]/f]df k/]sf dlxnfnfO{ ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . hf]lvddf /x]sf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf nflu ufpFkflnsfn] ;'/lIft cfjf;dfkm{t ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 . ufpFkflnsfn] n}+lus ;dfgtf;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . >Ldfg\ lat]kl5sf Psn dlxnfsf nflu /ftf] sk8f nufpg] cleofg ;~rfng u/]/ (% k|ltzt dlxnfsf] Jojxf/ abNg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . kflnsfsf] Ps ltxfO of]hgf dlxnf g]t[Tj x'g'k5{ eg]/ To;sf] cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 . xfdLn] kflnsfdfkm{t …;d[l4sf nflu ;xofqfÚ eGg] /]l8of] sfo{qmd pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0fsf nflu ;fd'bflos /]l8of];Fu ;xsfo{ u/]sf 5f}+ . /]l8of]sf pks/0fx? lsGg klg ;xof]u u/]sf 5f}+ . hf]lvddf /x]sf dlxnf kqsf/sf nflu hf]lvd sf]if :yfkgf ul/ ;xof]u ug{ yfqm] ufpFkflnsf tof/ 5 .

ufpFkflnsfnfO{ dlxnfd}qL agfpg / n}+lus lx+;fd'Qm agfpg] of]hgf;lxt xfdL nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . o; cleofgdf xfdLn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?;Fu ;dGjo ul//x]sf 5f}+ . /]l8of] dfGv', /fhdfu{ / s[lif /]l8of];Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ xfd|f cleofgnfO{ hgtf;fd' k'¥ofpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] ;xof]u kof{Kt t 5}g, k|of; hf/L 5 . dlxnfleq klg blnt / cGo, k9\g kfPsf / gkfPsf, wd{ ljz]ifsf cfwf/df km/s km/s cj:yf 5 . /]l8of]n] ufpFkflnaf6 ufpFufpFdf /xg'ePsf efOalxgLx?dfkm{t ;"rgf lng ;Sg'x'G5 eg]sf 5f+}+ . xfdL ;xsfo{sf] kf6f]nfO{ e'n]sf 5}gf}+ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?df dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutfsf nflu / dlxnfnfO{ kqsfl/tf If]qdf :yflkt ug{sf nflu ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf 5 . w]/}eGbf w]/} dlxnfnfO{ sfddf cfpg] Joj:yf ug{ xfd|f] kxn hf/L 5 . xfdL ;~rf/dfWodx?;Fu ;dGjo ug{ tof/ 5f}+ .

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dw'snf s'Fj/, ;~rfns ;ldlt ;b:o, /]l8of] n'lDagL

olt dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmddf pkl:yt x'g kfpFbf v';L nfu]sf] 5, cfof]hsnfO{ wGojfb . n'lDagL ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ ;xsf/L ;+:yfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] /]l8of] n'lDagL /fhwfgL aflx/sf] ;zQm /]l8of]df k5{ . xfdL cfkm\g} ejgdf 5f}+ . xfdL !% hgf sfo{;ldltdf 5f}+, h;df # hgf dlxnf 5f}+ . @) hgf sd{rf/Ldf & hgf dlxnf 5g\ . xfdLn] ljleGg

pk;ldlt agfPsf 5f}+ . To:tf pk;ldltdf dlxnfnfO{ ;+of]hs agfPsf 5f}+ . xfdLn] @)^& ;fndf n}+lus gLlt agfP/ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf 5f}+ . o;n] dlxnf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;'Ts]/L x'Fbf labf, ;GtfgnfO{ :tgkfgsf nflu ;do, l9nf;Dd sfd ug'{k/] 3/ k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ldnfPsf 5f}+ . c? /]l8of]sf s'/f ;'Gbf cem} w]/} ug{ ug{ afFsL /x]sf] 5 eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . xfdL sfo{;ldltdf ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutfsf nflu k|of; ug]{ 5f}+ . d}n] sfo{qmddf w]/} ;'Gg] / l;Sg] df}sf kfPF . oxfFaf6 l;s]sf ljifonfO{ /]l8of]df sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|of; ug]{ 5' . /]l8of]sf] g]t[Tj txdf dlxnf k'Ug'k5{ eg]/ ljutdf klg kxn ul/Psf] lyof] . cfufdL lbgdf kbflwsf/Ldf dlxnf k'¥ofpg] ljifodf ljz]if kxn ug]{ 5f}+ .

xfdLn] k|b]z:t/Lo k|;f/0f klg u/]sf 5f}+ . dlxnf, ckf+utf ePsf gful/s, cflbjf;L hghfltsf ljifodf sfo{qmd pTkfbg u/L k|;f/0f u¥5f}+ . hgtf;Fu hgk|ltlglwnfO{ hf]8\g] lsl;dsf sfo{qmd klg ePsf 5g\ . ;f;" a'xf/L sfo{qmd klg ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5f}+ . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] ;d'bfon] ;~rfng u/]sf ultljlwnfO{ Vofn ub}{ tL ultljlwaf6 cfPsf ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gsf ljifo, ;d'bfosf] cfjfh a'nGb ug{ ;Sof] eg] ;d'bfosf cGo kIf;Fu klg ;xsfo{ alnof] aGg ;S5 .

sNkgf clwsf/L, cWoIf Psn dlxnf ;~hfn wflbª

dnfO{ of] k/fdz{ sfo{qmd ljz]if nfu]sf] 5 . dnfO{ ;flxTo w]/} dg kg]{ x'Fbf sljtfaf6} d]/f] k|:t'lt ;'? u5'{ M

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…gf/L ;r]t aGbf g]kfn aG5 /fd|f], hfuf}+ p7]/ ;f/f kfnf] x'Fb}5 xfd|f]

laTb} 5 jif{ w]/} cfzf t'lxG5 h:t}, ;DkGg ljZj aGbf g]kfn b]z p:t}

a}gL n af]s em08f d]rL prfn sfnL of] b]z km"naf/L gf/L pbf/ dfnL .

d}n] /]l8of] wflbªdf a;]/ sfd ug]{ df}sf kfPF . b'O{ sfo{sfn sfd ubf{ dlxnfsf cfjfh p7fpg kfOof] . @)^@÷)^# sf] cfGbf]ngb]lv :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg;Dd dlxnfnfO{ cl3 Nofpg ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . clxn] cfP/ /]l8of] kl5 k/]sf] xf] ls, cGo dfWodn] /]l8of]nfO{ kl5 kfg]{ xf] ls eGg] nfu]sf] 5 . /]l8of]nfO{ :yfgLo ;/sf/x?sf] cleefjsTj rflxPsf] 5 . d}n] klg :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgdf gLns07 gu/kflnsfdf pkd]o/sf nflu dgf]gog lbPsf] lyPF t/ /fhgLlts ;dLs/0fsf qmddf d km\oflsPF . clxn] gLns07df d]o/ / pkd]o/ b'j} k'?if x'g'x'G5, åGådf aGb's af]s]/, ;f/f kl/jf/ Tofu]/ lx+8]sf dlxnfnfO{ ToxfF pEofpg ;lsPg . ToxfF lsg k'?ifdfq} NofOof] eGg] k|Zg pl7/xG5 . >Ldfg\ >LdtL b'j} Joj;foL lyof}+, åGåsf sf/0f xfd|f] Joj;fo w/f;foL eof] .

@)^# ;fndf df]6/;fOsn b'3{6gfdf d}n] >Ldfg u'dfpg'k¥of] . Toltv]/ ;dfhn] d]/f] rl/q xTof ug]{, ckdflgt ug]{ sfd u/]sf] lyof] . d}n] d'6' agfP/ hLjg /f]h]+ . C0f wg u/]/ Joj;fonfO{ k'ghL{jg lbPF, ;Gtfg x'sf{PF . oL ;a} s'/f ug'{sf] k5fl8 xfdLn] cfTdljZjf; sfod ug{ ;lsof] eg] cfkm"nfO{ arfpg ;lsg] /x]5 eGg] d]/f] cg'ej xf] . d}n] /]l8of]df klg sfd u/]sf], ;fdflhs cleofgx?df klg ;xefuL x'g kfPsf], /fhgLlts ?kdf klg ;lqmo /x]sf]n] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] / ;fdflhs cleoGtfaLr 5nkmnn] ;dfh kl/jt{gdf ;xhtf k|bfg u5{ h:tf] nfU5 . ;fdflhs cleofg / /]l8of]sf] ;xsfo{ ?kfGt/0fsf nflu ckl/xfo{ 5 . Psn dlxnfsf ljifodf jf cGo ;fdflhs cleofgnfO{ ufpF ;dfh;Dd k'¥ofpg /]l8of]sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ 5 . Psn dlxnfsf

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ljifonfO{ aflx/ nfg, ;]tf] klx/gsf] 7fpFdf /ftf] nufpg] cleofgdf /]l8of]x?n] lgs} ;xof]u u/]sf lyP, xfdLn] )^@ ;fnd} of] cleofg rnfPsf lyof}+ . /]l8of] Psn dlxnfsf] kx'Frdf x'g'k5{ . d oxL ljifodf csf]{ sljtfsf] x/km ;'gfpF5',

;]tf] k}/g ug'{k5{ lsg xf] ?k} la?k} u/Lb]v] ;fOt lau|g] cnlR5gL, eGb} lyP dgk/L

;]tf] klx/g b]v] ;fOt lau|G5 eGg] xfd|f] ;fdflhs s"/LltnfO{ /ftf] klx/g cleofgn] lgs} ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . cfhef]ln xfdLn] ug]{ sfo{qmddf Psn dlxnfdWo] s]xL kfsf] pd]/sfn] dffq} ;]tf] nufpg'x'G5, c?n] /ftf] jf c? klx/g nfpg'x'G5 . o:tf sfo{qmddf af]nfObf xfdL xfd|f s'/f /fV5f}+ . ldl8ofn] k|;f/0f u5{, h;n] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g u5{ . xfdL Psn dlxnfn] lhNnfdf w'g ldNg] sk8faf6 :oflg6/L Kof8 agfpg] sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+, ;ft hgf dlxnf /f]huf/ x'g'x'G5, t/ pxfFx?n] agfpg'ePsf] Kof8n] ahf/ gkfpFbf cK7]/f] ePsf] 5 . o:tf s'/fnfO{ ufpFkflnsfn] Wofg lbg'k5{ . ufpFkflnsfn] o;/L agfOPsf Kof8 lslglbg] xf] eg] sfddf nfu]sf dlxnfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg x'g] lyof] . w]/} s'/f pl7;s]sf 5g\ . Psn dlxnfsf ;'gfpg] s'/f w]/} 5g\ . zf]snfO{ zlQmdf abNg'k5{ eg]/ Psn dlxnfnfO{ cfTdljZjf;L agfOg'k5{ . :yfgLo ;/sf/ / ;~rf/dfWodx?n] Psn dlxnfsf ljifonfO{ p7fOlbg'k5{ .

k'ikf rf}w/L, :6]zg Dofg]h/, /]l8of] u'?afaf

/]l8of] u'?afaf dft[efiffdf ;~rfng ePsf] klxnf] /]l8of] xf] . alb{of lhNnfdf yf? ;d'bfosf] hg;+Vof %@ k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . xfdL %) k|ltzt yf? efiff / %) k|ltzt cGo efiffsf ;fdu|L pTkfbg u/]/ ahfpF5f}+ . d"n efiff yf? ePsf]n] xfdLnfO{ yf? /]l8of] g} eGg] u5{g\ . s]Gb|af6 klg yf?efiffdf sfo{qmd tyf ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug'{k/] xfdLnfO{

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;Dks{ ul/G5 . yf? efiffsf] nf]s sNof0fsf/L lj1fkg, ;fdflhs ;Gb]z klg xfdLn] g} pTkfbg u/]sf xf}+ . o;f] eg]/ cGo efiffefifLnfO{ a]jf:yf u/]sf 5}gf}+ .

/fHosf x/]s lgsfodf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf a9fpg] / ;|f]tdf pgLx?sf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg xfdLn] /]l8of]sf] :yfkgfb]lv g} sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdL :yfgLo yf? efiffdf ;dfrf/ b'O{k6s lbG5f}+, g]kfnLdf Ps k6s . yf? ;d'bfodf a/3/ k|yf 5, ljsf; lgdf{0fdf a/3/ k|yfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg], :yfgLo txdf ;xeflutf a9fpg], dlxnfnfO{ a/3/ agfpg x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf lrb}{ a/3/ agfpg] sfddf xfdL ;kmn ePsf 5f}+ . xfdLnfO{ :yfgLo txn] klg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . 7fs'/afaf gu/kflnsfn] a/3/nfO{ ;~rf/sf nflu df]jfOn pknAw u/fP/ ;"rgf k|jfxdf ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . :yfgLo txdf yf?efiffnfO{ dfGotf lbOPsf] 5 .

xfdL yf? efiffdf k':ts k|sfzg ug]{ cleofgdf 5f}+ . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ yf?efiffdf cg'jfb u/]sf 5f}+, d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtfnfO{ klg yf?efiffdf cg'jfb ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] yf? efiffdf pTkfbg u/]sf %@ efu sfo{qmd ljleGg !$ lhNnfsf :yfgLo /]l8of]n] ahfP . o;df csf]/fasf] klg ;xof]u ePsf] lyof] . yf?x?sf] 1fg / ;Lk k|a4{gsf nflu yf? ;f+:s[lts s]Gb| :yfkgfsfsf] /0fgLlts of]hgf;lxt k|of; ul//x]sf 5f}+ . hUuf 5, ejg agfpg /sd cefj 5 . ;du|df xfdL yf? hfltsf nflu sfd ul//x]sf 5f}+ .

:yfgLo tx cfPkl5 /]l8of] ;~rfngdf hlt ;xh x'G5 eGg] ;f]r]sf lyof}+ Tolt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . s]xL :yfgLo txn] ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ . s]xL cem} ;~rfdfWod;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{ tof/ 5}gg\ . ;~rf/sf nflu @* nfv ah]6 5'6\ofOFbf;d]t xfdL;Fu ;xsfo{ ul/Pg . sltko :yfgdf sd{rf/Laf6 ;xof]u x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{n] cfkm\gf] ;d'bfocg';f/ sfd ug'{k5{, ;+ljwfgdf w]/} s'/f ;d]l6Psf 5g\, xfdLn] xfd|f ;d'bfosf d'2f s] x'g eg]/ ax; k}/aL ug'{k5{ . /]l8of] x'g' / /]l8of]n] ;d'bfosf d'2f p7fpg' km/s s'/f x'g\ . xfdLn] xfd|f nlIft ;d"x klxrfxg ug{ ;Sof}+ eg] dfq} /]l8of] k|efjsf/L aGg ;S5 .

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lgisif{

o; ;qdf jQmfx?n] tf]lsPsf] ljifodf cfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fv]kl5 ;xefuLn] cfkm\gf ljrf/, ;'emfj tyf lh1f;f /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . km\nf]/nfO{ ;'Gg] / hjfkm lbg] sfo{qmd ;dfj]z ul/g'n] ;xeflutf / bf]xf]/f] 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ eof] .

/]l8of]df ;fdu|L pTkfbg ug]{b]lv Joj:yfkgdf ;xefuL dlxnf, ;fdflhs cleoGtf / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf k|ltlglw tyf ltgsf sfd tyf cK7]/fsf ljifodf uxg 5nkmn x'g', cfufdL ;Defjgfsf af/]df ax; eof] .

b"/b/fhdf ePsf dlxnfn] ufpFkflnsf ;]jf ;'ljwfsf af/]df, /]l8of] / ;~rf/dfWodsf] kx'Frdf gePsf dlxnfsf nflu ;"rgf / ;r]tLs/0fsf nflu ePsf cEof;, ufpFkflnsfn] of]hgf th'{df ubf{ h'6fOg] dlxnf ;xeflutf, Goflos ;ldltdfkm{t ePsf sfd / x'g ;Sg] ;]jf ;'ljwf, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?;Fu :yfgLo ;/sf/ / cGo ;fdflhs cleofgaLr ;xsfo{, /]l8of]sdL{n] ufpFufpFaf6 NofPsf lh1f;fsf] hjfkm ufpFkflnssf cWoIfn] lbg] u/L ePsf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f tyf k|;f/0f ul/Psf] ljifo aflx/ cfpg'n] cGo :yfgdf klg o:tf sfo{qmd ug{ ;lsg] l;sfO ePsf] lyof] .

ax; $ M k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof; Go"gLs/0fdf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]

jQmfx? M glxbf afg', g]kfn cGt/ wfld{s ;~hfn, /flwsf ;fksf]6f, dxf;lrj dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs ;~hfn, dfnf kfn'ª\uf, /]l8of] tfKn]h'ª, ;Ltf 9'+ufgf, pkfWoIf uh'/L ufpFkflnsf, wflbª, ls/0fs'df/L yfkf, :6]zg Dofg]h/, cfkm\gf] PkmPd 8F8]nw'/f, ;xhstf{ M ;f]ljtf l/;fn, ;LcfO{Pg .

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glxbf afg', g]kfn cGt/ wfld{s ;~hfn

;dfhdf b]lvPsf hlt klg lje]b\ 5g\, To;sf] d"n sf/0f wd{zf:q xf] ls eGg] k|Zg p7\g]u5{ . dlxnf lx+;flj?4sf] cGt/ wfld{s ;~hfndf cfpg'cl3 dnfO{ klg wd{n] g} lje]b\ NofPsf] xf] ls eGg] nfUYof] . d d'l:nd, cfkm}+ klg lje]b\sf] l;sf/ ePsf]n] To:tf] ;f]r cfPsf] lyof] . ha d}n] ljleGg wd{sf u'?x?;Fu ;+ut ug{ kfPF . pxfFx?af6 tL wd{sf ljifodf lj:t[t hfgsf/L lng kfPF . ;DalGwt wd{u|Gyx?sf] cWoog ug{ kfPF, wd{n] st} lje]b\ u/]sf] kfOg . wd{sf] 1fg geP/ jf wd{sf] cNkJofVof u/]/ xfdLn] agfPsf ;+:s[lt / dfGotfx? g} k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof; x'g . 5fpk8Ls} s'/f u/f}+, ;'b"/klZrddf 5fpk|yfsf] o:tf] k|efj k/]sf] 5 ls, dflg;x?nfO{ 5fp gaf/] clgi6 x'G5 eGg] 5 . lxGb' wd{zf:qsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] u|Gy j]b xf] . j]bdf dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf afg]{ s'/f st} 5}g, t/ la:tf/} kl5 cfPsf s]xL u|Gydf oL s'/f n]lvPsf 5g\ . …g5'g]Ú afg]{ k|yf a9L lxGb'd} 5 .

k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof;df af]S;Lk|yf, afnljjfx, bfOhf]k|yf / 5fpk8Llj?4 s8f sfg'g ag]sf 5g\ t/ sfof{Gjog lkmtnf] 5 . xfd|f] ;dfhdf wd{cg';f/ hGd]b]lv d[To';Ddsf ljleGg sfo{df k|ToIf

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?kdf wd{u'?sf] ;xhLs/0f x'g]u5{ . xfdL pxfFn] eg]sf] dfG5f}+ . wd{ u'?x?n] cfddflg;sf] dfgl;stfdf kl/jt{g u/fpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]ln/xg'ePsf] 5 . d}n] cGt/ wfld{s ;~hfn -lg/g_ g]kfn;Fu sfd ubf{ o:tf] cg'ej ug{ kfPsf] 5' .

d g]kfndf dflgg] d'Vo rf/ wd{sf wd{u|Gydf dlxgfjf/L, 5'jf5"t, afnlaafx

h:tf ljifodf s] elgPsf] 5 eg]/ 5f]6f] k|:t'lt u5'{ . lxGb' wd{df dfgj hLjgnfO{ rf/ efudf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5, @% jif{;Ddsf] ;do a|Dxrfo{ cf>d eg]/ j]bdf n]lvPsf] 5 . @% jif{ ;Dd a|Dxrfo{ ePkl5 t afnljjfx x'g] s'/} ePg . g]kfndf lxGb' / d'l:nd ;d'bfon] w]/} afnljjfx u/]sf] tYof+s 5 . af}4 wd{sf] lqlk6sdf pd]/ kl/kSj eO;s]sf] gf/L;Fu ljjfxsf] s'/f 5, af}4 wd{n] klg afnljjfxsf kIfdf jsfnt u/]sf] 5}g . O:nfddf s'g} klg hf]8Ln] kfl/jfl/s lhDd]jf/L lng ;Sg] ePkl5 dfq} ljjfx ug'{kg]{ s'/f n]lvPsf] 5 . O:nfd wd{df xf];xjfk"0f{ cj:yfdf aflnsfn] :j]R5fn] d~h'/L lbof] eg] ljjfx x'G5 . ToxfF klg wd{zf:qn] afnljjfxnfO{ k|>o glbPsf] k|i6 x'G5 . OzfO{ wd{df ljjfx ug{sf nflu s]6f / s]6L b'j} ao:s x'g'k5{ . To;df klg pxfFx?n] k/d]Zj/;Fu k|fy{gf ug'{x'G5 . dfgl;s, zf/Ll/s ?kdf ;Ifd eO;s]kl5 dfq} ljjfx ug]{ ljifo afOandf n]lvPsf] 5 .

n}+lus ;dfgtfsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] ;+:sf/n] g} xfdLnfO{ lje]b\ u/]sf] kfpF5f}+ . lkt[;QfTds ;f]r k'?ifdf dfq} xf]Og, xfdL dlxnfdf klg JofKt 5 . 5'jf5"tsf] ljifodf s'/f u/f}+, of] lxGb' ;d'bfodf a9L b]lvG5 eg] o;sf] c;/ c? ;d'bfodf klg k/]sf] 5 . a]bdf a|fd0f sd{sf cfwf/df x'G5 elgPsf] 5, ToxfF hftLo lje]b\sf] s'/} 5}g . o:t} af}4 wd{df sd{cg';f/ dflg; pFr jf lgr x'G5 elgPsf] 5 . s'/fgsf] s'g} klg xlb;df hftLo, j0f{ e]b\ ul/Psf] 5}g . t/ Jojxf/df To:tf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . /hZjnf / dlxgfjf/Lsf ljifodf s'/f u/f}+, j}lbssfndf tLg lbg;Dd k'?ifeGbf cnUu} a:g], ;kmf / ;'/lIft /xg] rng rn]sf]

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kfOG5 . af}4 wd{df /hZjnf x'Fbf k"hfkf7 ug{ klg /f]stf]s 5}g . O:nfd wd{df klg dlxgfjf/Lsf cj:yfdf 5'jf5'tsf] rng 5}g t/ gjfh k9\g, k|fy{gf ug{ eg] kfOFb}g . OzfO{ wd{df klg /hZjnfnfO{ 5'g gx'g] ljifo dflgPsf] 5}g . clxn] wd{sf] unt JofVof ePsf] dfq} xf] . o;/L ul/Psf unt JofVof / xflgsf/s cEof;nfO{ lrg{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of] s] ug{ ;S5g\ t eGg] lh1f;f 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]af6 laxfgsf] ;dodf ehg, wfld{s sfo{qmd ahfpg] ;dodf cfkm\gf ;d'bfosf wd{ u'?x?sf] cfjfhdf e]befj, 5'jf5't, s"/Lltlj?4 af]Ng] cj;/ k|bfg ug{ ;lsG5 . h;n] cfd hgdfg;df /x]sf] wd{;Fu hf]l8P/ cfPsf] cGwljZjf; lj:tf/} sdL x'ghfG5 . o:tf s"/Llt x6\g s]xL ;do nfUg ;S5 t/ kl/jt{g ;Dej 5 .

/flwsf ;fksf]6f, dxf;lrj dlxnf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs ;~hfn

;a}eGbf klxn] xfdLn] k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof; s] x'g eGg] a'em\g h?/L 5 . dlxnfdfly x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] lje]b\ pGd"ng;DaGwL dxf;lGw !(&( -l;8_ n] …;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts dfGotfaf6 lgb]{lzt eO{ s'g} klg JolQm jf ;dfhåf/f hfgLhfgL csf]{ JolQmsf] z/L/ / dgf]lj1fgdfly lgoGq0f u/L jf k|efj kf/L ul/g] To:tf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? h:t} lgolGqt ePsf JolQmx?sf] z/L/, dgf]lj1fg

/ dfgj clwsf/df uDeL/ c;/ kf5{ eg] To:tf] sfo{nfO{ xflgsf/s d"No dfGotf elgG5Ú eg]/ kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .

o;nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eGg], xflgsf/s d"No dfGotf eg]sf] ;dfhn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] gLlt xf] h;nfO{ xfdLn] :jLsf/ ul//fv]sf 5f}+, h'g lnlvt gx'g klg ;S5 t/ ;dfhn] olt w]/} :jLsf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . d hlxn] klg c?n] dnfO{ s;/L x]5{ eGg] s'/faf6 lgb]{lzt 5', Tof] xflgsf/s cEof; xf] . clxn] xfdL hlt klg afnljjfx, 5fpk8L, bfOhf]sf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}+ of] b]lvg] kl/0ffd xf] . dlxnfnfO{ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gful/ssf ?kdf x]l/g] ;f]r / wf/0ff xflgsf/s cEof; xf] .

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kl/0ffd:j?k dlxnfsf] of}lgstfdflysf] lgoGq0f 5, h;sf sf/0f xfdL afnljjfx / anfTsf/sf] l;sf/ ePsf 5f}+, af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf lk6fO{ vfO/x]sf 5f}+ . 5fp afg]{ rng ;'b"/klZrddf dfq} xf]Og, sf7df8f}+h:tf 7"nf ;x/x?df klg 5 . ;'b"/klZrddf cln k/ uf]7 5, xfdLsxfF 3/leq uf]7 5 . a;fOdf ;xh c;xh xf]nf t/ ;f]r Ps} 5, xflgsf/s dfGotf eg]sf] xfdL;Fu ePsf] ;f]r g} xf] .

xfdLn] ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfsf xsnfO{ df}lns xssf ?kdf kfPsf 5f}+ . ck/fw ;+lxtfn] klg xflgsf/s cEof;lj?4 af]n]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg, sfg'g 5, t/ xfdL kLl8tn] ph'/L u/]sf 5}gf}+, k|Zg p7fPsf 5}gf}+ . sfg'g cfkm}+ cfP/ sfd ug]{ xf]Og, sfg'gL pkrf/sf nflu af]Ng ;Sg] agfcf}+ . wd{df lje]b\ 5}g elgPsf] 5 t/ ToxfF dlxnfsf g}ltstfsf eGbf c? ljifo n]lvPs} 5}g . Pp6f 36gf eG5', d]/L 5f]/L klxnf]k6s dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf d}n] km];a'sdfkm{t 5f]/LnfO{ awfO{ lbPF . w]/}n] awfO{ eGg] k|ltlqmof lbP, t/ ef]lnkN6 Tof] ljifonfO{ unt JofVof ub}{ sltkon] ca Kof8 km]/]sf] klg awfO{ eGg] xf]nf eg]/ sd]G6 u/], klxnf]k6s of}g ;DaGw ePsf] klg awfO{ lbg] xf]nf eGg];Dd cfof] . d 8/fPF, km];a's rnfpg]x? d]/f] cfdf k':tf t xf]Og, gofF k':tfn] klg of] ljifonfO krfPg eg]/ d cfZro{ rlst ePF . Pp6f o'jf ;d"xn] eg] of] ljifonfO{ ;xh lsl;dn] lnFb} ;sf/fTd AofVof ul/lbPsf] lyof] . o;n] s] k'li6 u5{ eg] o:tf ;f]rx? xfdLdfem hsl8P/ a;]sf] 5 . o:tf ;f]r lrg{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df agfOg] ;fdflhs ;Gb]z jf lj1fkgdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf kl/jt{g ug'{k5{ .

dlxnf eg]kl5 3/sf] sfd ug]{ k/Dk/fut ;f]rs} cfwf/df ;fdu|L pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ s'/faf6 dfly p7\g h?/L 5 . ;f]rdfly k|xf/ ug]{ pko'Qm ;fwg eg]sf] /]l8of] xf] . :yfgLo ;/sf/n] klg /]l8of]x?;Fu ;xsfo{ u/]/ cfkm\gf s'/f ufpFufpF;Dd nfUg ;S5g\ . d]/f] lhNnfdf @! k|ltzt dlxnf !% jif{ gk'Ub} cfdf ag]sf] tYof+s 5 . xfdLn] afnljjfxlj?4 cleofg rnfP/dfq} k'Ub}g, sfg'gL sf/afxLsf] ljifonfO{ klg ;Fu} n}hfg'k5{ . x/]s 3/df cfjZos ;"rgf k'Ug] cj:yf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ;[hgf ug'{k5{ .

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;Ltf 9'+ufgf, pkfWoIf uh'/L ufpFkflnsf

g]kfnsf] gofF ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ;'?jft :yfgLo txaf6} ePsf] xf] . :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgsf a]nf xfdLn] …ufpFufpFdf l;+xb/af/Ú sf] gf/f to u/]sf lyof}+ . …hgtfn] b]Vg ;Sg], 5'g ;Sg] / sfvd} a;]/ ?g ;Sg]Ú :yfgLo ;/sf/ xf] eg]/ :yfgLo txsf] e"ldsfsf] rrf{ u/]sf lyof}+ . clwsf/cg';f/ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ToxLcg';f/ rrf{ x'g'kg]{ klg lyof] . uh'/L ufpFkflnsfs} s'/f ug]{ xf]

eg] ;fdflhs ?kdf /x]sf xflgsf/s ;fdflhs cEof;af6 ;[hgf ePsf cK7]/flj?4 :yfgLo ;/sf/df hfg'k5{ eGg] r]tgf ljsf; ePsf] 5 . xfdL lgjf{lrt ePsf] tL; dlxgfsf] cjlwdf cfd ;j{;fwf/0fsf aLrdf Gofo dfUg hfg] klxnf] 7fpF :yfgLo ;/sf/, vf;u/L Goflos ;ldlt xf] eGg] s'/f huhfx]/ eO;s]sf] 5 . xflgsf/s d"No dfGotfaf6 lglDtPsf 36gf, kl/36gfsf] ph'/L :yfgLo txdf Psbd} w]/} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / ;+3Lotfsf] sfof{Gjogsf qmddf :yfgLo lgsfosf] clwsf/ :yfgLo txsf ?kdf cfpFbf y'k|} clwsf/ cfPsf 5g\ . :yfgLo txsf cfkm\g} clwsf/, :yfgLo tx, ;+3 / k|b]zsf ;femf clwsf/ 5g\ .

:yfgLo txsf] Psn ;"rLsf] clwsf/sf ?kdf cfpg] Goflos clwsf/sf] cEof; ug]{ qmddf gful/snfO{ ;+ljwfgn] lbg] clwsf/, :yfgLo txaf6 kfOg] Gofo;DaGwL ;]jf ;'ljwfsf ljifonfO{ gLlt sfo{qmdd} /fv]/ sfof{Gjogdf nflu/x]sf 5f}+ . lx+;fdf k/]sfx?sf nflu ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . ufpFkflnsfdf Gofo kfpg] ljlwsf af/]df hfgsf/L u/fPsf 5f}+ . tLgj6f j8faf6 ;r]tgfsf nflu …l/km\n]S6Ú sIff ;'? ub}{ clxn] cf7j6}df ;~rflnt 5 . …l/km\n]S6Ú sIff s'g} klg ljifodf ljlwaf6 5nkmn ul/g] pTs[i6 ljlw xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu dlxnf lx+;fsf af/]df 5nkmn eof] eg] pkl:yt ;xefuLn] s]nfO{ dlxnf lx+;f eGg], lsg dlxnfdfly lx+;f eO/x]sf] 5 < lsg o;n] lg/Gt/tf kfO/x]sf] 5, lsg Go"gLs/0f x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g, lsg xfdL o;lj?4 af]ln/x]sf 5}gf}+ < lsg xfdL Gofo dfUg hfg ;s]sf 5}gf}+, h:tf k|Zgsf] pQ/ cfkm}+leq vf]Hb} 5nkmn

;fd'bflos / ] l8of]

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u5{g\ . o:tf sIff ;r]tgfsf nflu lgs} ;xof]uL ePsf 5g\ . o:t} kflnsfsf] Goflos ;ldltn] k|x/L;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/]/ 6f]n6f]ndf k'u]sf] 5 . cfdgful/snfO{ s:tf s:tf ultljlw lx+;fhGo ultljlw x'g\, To:tf] ePdf sxfF ph'/L ug{ hfg] eg]/ 5nkmn rnfO/x]sf 5f}+ . ph'/L ug]{ k|lqmof;d]t l;sfPsf 5f}+ . x/]s of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf aGg] pkef]Qmf ;ldltdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] clgjfo{ ;xeflutf ul/Psf] 5 . lgdf{0f;Fu hf]l8Psf sfdx? dlxnfd}qL, ckf+ud}qL, h]i7 gful/sd}qL 5 ls 5}g eg]/ cg'udg u/]sf 5f}+ .

uh'/L ufpFkflnsf PSn}n] xflgsf/s cEof;nfO{ lrg{ ;Sb}g t/ xfdLn] ;'?jft ul/;s]sf 5f}+, …l/km\n]S6Ú sIffsf] d"n p2]Zo g} oxL xf] . Goflos ;ldltn] …l/km\n]S6Ú sIffdf afnljjfx, af]S;Lk|yfh:tf xflgsf/s cEof;sf ljifodf 5nkmn rnfO/x]sf 5f}+ . ;Fu;Fu} xfdLn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of];Fu ;fem]bf/Ldf sfo{qmd ul//fv]sf 5f}+ . ca /]l8of]x?n] k|:t'ltdf km/skg Nofpg'k5{, kL8fsf syfx? /]l8of]sf] k|fOd6fOddf ahfOg'k5{ . s]xL ;do /]l8of]df sfd u/]sf] cg'ej;d]t ePsf]n] o;sf] zlQm glhsaf6 a'em\g kfPsf] 5' . hgtfsxfF k'Ug ;Sg] ldl8of eg]sf] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] xf] . o;n] cfkm"n] ahfpg] ljifoj:t'nfO{ kl/:s[t ug{ h?/L 5 .

ls/0fs'df/L yfkf, :6]zg Dofg]h/ cfkm\gf] PkmPd, 8F8]nw'/f

;'b"/klZrd k|b]zsf lhNnfsf kxf8L ufpFx?df 5fpk8L cln a9L g} 5 . t/fO{sf lhNnfdf afnljjfx, bfOhf]k|yf cln a9L 5g\ . o;lj?4 ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] ;fdu|L pTkfbg / k|;f/0f ul//x]s} 5g\ . s]Gb|af6 csf]/fa÷;LcfO{Pgn] pTkfbg u/]sf o;;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|L ToxfFsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] ahfpg] u/]sf 5g\ . /]l8of] cfkm}+n] klg ;dfrf/, sfo{qmd pTkfbg tyf

k|;f/0f ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . 88]nw'/f lhNnfsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] 5fpk8L k|yf t 5 t/ 5fpuf]7d} a:g'kg]{ eGg] afWosf/L 5}g . ;'b"/klZrdsf c5fd, afh'/f, aemfªdf 5fp afg]{, 5fpuf]7 a:g'kg]{ rng a9L 5 . ldl8ofn] u/]sf] k|of; klg ;f]r]hlt ;kmn x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;fd'bflos

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/]l8of]n] ToxfFsf] ;d'bfonfO{ gsf/fTds c;/ gkg]{ u/L ljleGg kIf;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/]/ o:tf s'k|yf cGTosf nflu sfd ug{ ;lsG5 . ToxfFsf ;fdflhs cleofg;Fu hf]l8P/, ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo;Fusf] ;dGjodf sfd ug{ ;lsof] eg] k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof;af6 pTkGg ePsf 36gfnO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] Psk6s l/kf]6{, ;dfrf/ jf sfo{qmd ahfP/ k'Ub}g, lg/Gt/tf rflxG5 .

dfnf kfn'ª\uf, /]l8of] tfKn]h'ª

k"jL{ g]kfnsf] kxf8L lhNnfdf ;'b"/klZrddf 5fpk8L ePh:t} k|yf t 5}g t/ dlxnflj?4 x'g] lje]b\df eg] sdL 5}g . lhNnfdf kl5Nnf] ;dodf afnljjfx b/ a9]sf] 5 . ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] afnljjfxlj?4 w]/} ;fdu|L pTkfbg÷k|;f/0f u/]sf 5g\ . ;~rf/dfWodn] 36gfsf ljifodf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f u/] klg To;sf] yk k|lqmofdf sfd ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . of] 7fpFdf o:tf] eP5 eg]/ ;dfrf/ lbPkl5 /]l8of]n] sfd ;lsof]

eGg] ;f]r /fv]sf] kfOG5 . To;kl5sf sfg'gL k|lqmof, kl/0ffdaf/]df vf;} rrf{ ug{ ;lsP/x]sf 5}gf}+ . tfKn]h'ª, kfFry/nufotdf kl5Nnf] ;do af]S;L eg]/ dlxnfdfly lx+;f ePsf 36gf ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . klxn] o:tf 36gf aflx/ g} cfpFb}g lyof], clxn] ldl8ofsf sf/0f aflx/ cfPsf 5g\ . ljleGg vfn] ;fdflhs s"/Lltsf 36gf kLl8tnfO{ /fVgsf nflu lhNnfdf Pp6f klg …;]km xfp;Ú 5}g . /fhgLlts bn, :yfgLo ;/sf/n] k|lta4tf t hgfPsf 5g\ t/ pknlAw 5}g .

lgisif{

/fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmddf ;dfhdf /x]sf afnljjfx, af]S;Lk|yf, bfOhf]k|yf, 5fpk8L, 5'jf5"tnufot k/Dk/fut xflgsf/s cEof; / ltgsf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu g]kfnsf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?n] ul//x]sf sfd / ;Defjgfsf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/g'n] of] ljifok|lt ;a}nfO{ km]l/

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Psk6s sfo{:yndf uP/ ;f]Rg afWo agfPsf] 5 . jQmfn] /fv]sf wf/0ffdf km\nf]/af6 cfPsf ;'emfj, lh1f;fdf afSnf] ;xeflutf x'g'n] klg 5nkmnsf] dxTj a9]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLn] cfly{s cefjdf /]l8of]n] dlxnfnfO{ k/Dk/fut e"ldsfdf /fv]/ tof/ ul/Psf lj1fkg ahfpg afWo ePsf], o:tf ljifodf :yfgLo ;/sf/ rgfvf] x'g'kg]{ ;'gfPsf lyP . 5nkmnsf qmddf sfo{qmddf ;xefuLx?n] dlxnf cfkm}+n] xflgsf/s k|yf hf]ufO/x]sf], dlxnfn] dlxgfjf/L x'Fbf vfgf ksfpg], dlGb/ hfg], k"hf ug]{ cfF6 gu/]sf] ljifo p7]sf] lyof] .

xfdLn] ul//x]sf] kqsfl/tf, af]ln/x]sf cfjfh, xfdLn] ahfPsf sfo{qmd s;sf nflu x'g < tL sfo{qmdn] ;fdflhs ljs[lt lj;+ult, s';+:sf/dfly slt k|xf/ ug{ ;s], xfdL k|;f/sx?n] of] ljifonfO{ s;/L lnPsf 5f}+ < :yfgLo ;/sf/n] of] ljifonfO{ s;/L a'em]sf] 5, kLl8tn] Gofo dfUg sxfF k'Ug], h:tf y'k|} k|Zgsf] p7fg u/fPsf] 5nkmn csf]/fasf] ;fdflhs s'k|yflj?4sf] cleofg;Fu klg hf]l8g'n] ;a}sf] rf;f]sf] ljifo aGof] . xflgsf/s cEof; cGTosf nflu dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;+o'Qm k|of; cfjZos /x]sf] ;'emfj km\nf]/af6 cfPsf] lyof] .

3f]if0ff kq tyf sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xsfo{ tyf k|lta4tf ;+sng tyf ;dfkg

…ljljwtf, ax'ntf / n}lËs ;dfgtf M ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutfÚ zLif{sdf wflbªsf] uN5L ufpFkflnsfdf b'O{ lbg rn]sf] /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmd & a'Fb] k|ltj4tf / % a'Fb] dfu ;d]l6Psf] !@ a'Fb] wflbª 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ub}{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|lta4tf lnP/ ;lsPsf] lyof] . ;dfkg ;df/f]xsf] cWoIftf csf]/fasf cWoIf ;'jf; vltj8fn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v cltly yfqm] ufpFkflnsf cWoIf /fds'df/ cfrfo{ /xg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o ;[hgf cof{nn] of] sfo{qmdn] km/s lsl;dsf] cg'e"lt lbnfPsf] atfpFb} k|efjsf/L sfo{qmdsf nflu cfof]hsnfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof] . ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3sf dxf;lrj uf]ljGb b]jsf]6fn] sfo{qmdn] csf]/fanfO{ pT;flxt agfPsf] atfpg'eof] .

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…oxfFx?n] p7fpg'ePsf ljifonfO{ clwj]zgdfkm{t ;Daf]wgsf] k|of; ug]{ 5f}+Ú b]jsf]6fn] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] ;'v]{t ;Dd]ngaf6 ljwfg ;+zf]wg u/]/ ;du| csf]/fadf dlxnfnfO{ cem ;zQm agfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] ;'gfpg'eof] . csf]/fasf pkfWoIf ch'{g /fO{n] dg}b]lv ;dfhdf of]ubfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;fd'bflos /]l8of] cleofgdf ;xefuL ePsf] atfpg'eof] . cfkm"x? nx}nx}df ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] cfGbf]ngdf g/x]sf] pxfFn] k|ltlqmof lbg'eof] .

;dfkg sfo{qmddf uN5L ufpFkflnsf pkfWoIf /fwf ltldlN;gfn] ;Dd]ngn] u/]sf] ck]Iff k"/f ug{ k|of; ug]{ atfpg'eof] . kqsfl/tfdfkm{t g/fd|f s'/fdfq} phfu/ x'Fbf :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ cK7]/f] kl//x]sf] 5, pxfFn] eGg'eof] . csf]/fasf jl/i7 pkfWoIf ch'{g lu/Ln] sfo{qmddf ;xof]u ug]{ wflbªsf :yfgLo txx?nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{eof] . pxfFn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf af/]df ;'Gg] rfxgf ePsfx?sf nflu 1fg k|fKt ePsf] atfpg'eof] .

;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?sf] ljZj ;+u7g, cdfs{ Pl;of k|zfGt k|ltlglw Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf ;~hfn ;+of]hs lgDdL rf}xfgn] csf]/fan] dlxnf k|;f/ssf ljifodf olt dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmd u/]sf]df wGojfb 1fkg ub}{ sfo{qmdn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf If]qdf gofF af6f] b]lvPsf] l6Kk0fL ug'{eof] .

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;dfkgsf k|d'v cltly yfqm] ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf /fds'df/ cfrfo{n] sfo{qmdsf nflu cfof]hsn] wflbª lhNnfnfO{ 5gf}6 u/]sf]df wGojfb lbFb}, k/fdz{ sfo{qmdn] hf/L u/]sf] 3f]if0ffkq sfof{Gjog ;3fpg] k|lta4tf hgfpg'eof] . …of] k]zdf cfa4 ;a}nfO{ cK7]/f] 5, dlxnfnfO{ emg cK7]/f] 5, ;xhLs/0f ug'{ cfjZos 5Ú, cWoIf cfrfo{n] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] …;Ddfg, ljZjf; / ;'/IffÚ ePdfq} dlxnfx? 9'Ss eP/ of] If]qdf ;xefuL x'g ;Sg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . …:yfgLo ;/sf/, cleefjssf lx;fan] o;sf nflu sfd ug{ tof/ 5, k]zdf nfUg] dlxnfsf kl/jf/n] klg of] ljifodf ;f]Rg h?/L 5Ú, pxfFn] eGg'eof] . ufpFkflnsfsf x/]s of]hgfdf %) k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf x'g'k5{ eg]/ nflu/x]sf 5f}+, ;'Ts]/L x'g hfFbf kms{Fbf lgMz'Ns PDa'n]G; Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}+, cem w]/} ub}{ 5f}, pxfFn] eGg'eof] .

;dfkg ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{ x'Fb} csf]/fasf cWoIf ;'jf; vltj8fn] ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{ k|lqmofx?df klg Ps sbd cl3 x'g'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . …sfo{qmd tof/Lsf qmddf ;xeflutfsf nflu kmd{ k7fOPsf] lyof] t/ To;df pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf ePg, dlxnf ;xeflutf eg]sf lyof}+, k'?if cl3 ;g'{eof], sxfF sf] ;xefuL x'g] eGg] ljifodf klg Vofn ug'{k5{Ú pxfFn] eGg'eof] . csf]/fasf] gofF cfpg] g]t[Tjdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrttf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbFb} cWoIf vltj8fn] g]t[Tjdf cfpg] dlxnfn] yk 7fpF agfpg ;'emfj lbg'eof] . …sfo{;ldltdf pkfWoIf dlxnf clgjfo{ 5, ;lrjfnodf pkfWoIf clgjfo{ 5, c? kbflwsf/L / v'Nnfdf klg dlxnfsf 7fpF 5, dlxnfsf nflu tf]lsPsf 7fpFdf dlxnfafx]s c? cfpg ldNb}gÚ vltj8fn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . oxfF ;xefuL x'g'eof], dgg ug'{eof], o;nfO{ slQsf] lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg'x'G5, tkfO{sf] klg bfloTj / lhDd]jf/Lsf] s'/f xf], pxfFn] eGg'eof] . xfdL ;+3if{n] g} oxfF cfOk'u]sf 5f}+, ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;xeflutf, :jfldTj, ;lqmotf cfjZos 5, of] ljifonfO{ xfdLn] sf]6\ofPsf xf}+ cWoIf vltj8fn] eGg'eof] .

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cg';"rL !

;'v{] t 3f] if0ff–kq @)&%

s0ff{nL k|b] zsf] / fhwfgL ;'v{] tdf ldlt @)&% kmfu'g ! / @ ut] ;DkGg ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 -csf] / fa_ g] kfnsf] !$ cf} + jflif{s ;fwf/ 0f;ef tyf / fli6«o ;Dd] ngdf ;xefuL xfdL b] ze/ sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ;~rfnsx? cleJolQm : jtGqtfk|lt k|lta4 / xFb} , cfjfhljxLgx?sf] cfjfh aGb} , gful/ ssf] ;"rgfsf] xssf] ;+/ If0f / ;Da4{gsf nflu k|lta4tf bf] xf] ¥ofpFb} , nf] stGq, dfgjclwsf/ / ax'njfbnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} , cfTd;Ddfg;lxtsf] hLjgz} nLsf kIfdf jsfnt ub{} , ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?n] jt{dfg ;dodf ;fdgf ug{' k/ ] sf r'gf} tLsf] ;Daf] wg Pj+ k|fKt cj;/ x?nfO{ pkof] u ug{sf nflu lgDgfg';f/ sf] ;'v{] t 3f] if0ff–kq hf/ L ub{5f} + .

k|lta4tf

!= g] kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ åf/ f k|bQ ;"rgfsf] xs, ldl8ofsf] : jtGqtf / cleJolQmsf] : jtGqtfnfO{ Jofjxfl/ s ?kdf cfwf/ e"t tx;Dd cg'e"t u/ fpg ;Sg] ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ljlzi6 ;fdYo{ / lhDd] jf/ Lk|lt ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf ;r] t / xFb} o;sf nflu yk pmhf{ / / 0fgLlt;lxt cl3 a9\g] k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

@= ;dfgtf / ;'zf;g k|j4{gsf nflu e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{} , ;fdflhs ?kfGt/ 0f cleofgdf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] ultljlw lj: tf/ u/ L / ] l8of] df ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf j[l4 ug{] k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

#= ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df ;xeflutf, g] t[Tj / k|;f/ 0f ;fdu|Ldf dlxnf, cflbjf;L, afnaflnsf, h] i7 gful/ s, km/ s Ifdtf ePsf, blnt, cNk;+Vosnufot kl5 kfl/ Psf ;d'bfox?nfO{ ;dfg 9Ën] cj;/ lbg] s'/ f gLltut ?kd} Joj: yf ug{ xfdL k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

$= afnljjfx, bfOhf] k|yf, 5fpk8L, 5'jf5"t, af] S;L, ;fdflhs lje] b\ / s"/ Lltsf] cGTosf nflu lg/ Gt/ lqmofzLn / xg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

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dfu

%= ;~rf/ dfWodsf] nf] stfGqLs/ 0f;DaGwL ljZjJofkL dfGotfljk/ Lt : yfgLo ;/ sf/ x?n] cfkm+} PkmPd / ] l8of] ;~rfng ug{] s'/ fsf] hf] 8bf/ lj/ f] w ub{5f} + . PkmPd / ] l8of] -Joj: yfkg, lgodg tyf ;~rfng_ sf nflu sfo{ljlw agfpg] gfddf / ] l8of] aGb ug{] ;Ddsf clwsf/ ljk/ Ltsf Joj: yfx? tTsfn vf/ ] h ug{ / / ] l8of] ;DaGwL gLlt lgod agfpFbf / ] l8of] sf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug{ dfu ub{5f} + .

^= ;~rf/ tyf ;"rgf k|ljlw dGqfnon] >dhLjL kqsf/ nfO{ lbPsf] ] kfl/ >ldssf] a} +s : 6] 6d] 06 ;"rgf ljefudf a'emfpg'kg{] afWosf/ L Joj: yf u/ L gjLs/ 0fnufotsf sfo{ / f] Sg] sfg'gljk/ Ltsf] sfo{ tTsfn ;Rrfpg dfu ub{5f} + .

&= nf] ssNof0fsf/ L lj1fkg ljt/ 0fdf ljB'tLo / 5fkf dfWodk|lt ul/ Psf] lje] b\ cGTo u/ L ;dfg'kflts lj1fkg gLlt nfu" ug{ ;+3 ;/ sf/ ;Fu hf] 8bf/ dfu ub{5 .

*= ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] ltg{' k/ ] sf] ljt/ 0f z'MNs -/ f] oN6L_ tyf gjLs/ 0f z'Ns vf/ ] h u/ L cGo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] kx'Fraflx/ / x] sf b'u{d Pj+ k5fl8 k/ ] sf If] qdf ;~rflnt ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] nfO{ ljz] if ;x'lnot / ;xof] usf] k|aGw ul/ of] ;\ .

(= o;cl3 g} ljlzi6Ls[t P] gsf] cEof; ul/ / x] sf] ;Gbe{df k5fl8 kms{] / ;a} ;~rf/ ;DaGwL P] g ufe] / cfd;~rf/ ;DaGwL 5ftf P] g Nofpg ul/ Psf] tof/ Lsf] lj/ f] w ub{} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] ;DaGwL 5'§} P] gsf] dfu ub{5f} + .

!)= s'g} klg ;~rf/ dfWodsf] btf{ vf/ ] h gul/ g] ;+ljwfg k|bQ xsljk/ Lt s'g} klg axfgfdf / ] l8of] sf] gjLs/ 0f / f] Sg] / btf{ vf/ ] hL ug{] h: tf sfo{ aGb ug{ dfu ub{5f} + .

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cg';"rL @

lxn] 3f] if0ff–kq @)&^

k|b] z g+= Pssf] wgs'6f lhNnfsf] lxn] df ldlt @)&^ h] 7 !) / !! ut] ;DkGg ;fd'bflos ax'ntf / ljljwtfsf] ;Da4{g M ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0fdf cflbjf;L hghflt / fli6«o k/ fdz{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL xfdL b] ze/ sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf ;~rfnsx? cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff, ;+: s[lt, clwsf/ ;+/ If0f / ;Da4{gsf nflu k|lta4tf bf] xf] ¥ofpFb} , nf] stGq, dfgjclwsf/ , ;dtf / ax'ntfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub} {, cfTd;Ddfg;lxtsf] hLjgz} nLsf kIfdf jsfnt ub} {, cflbjf;L hghflt k|;f/ sx?sf] r'gf} tLsf] ;Daf] wg Pj+ k|fKt cj;/ x?nfO{ pkof] u ug{sf nflu lgDgfg';f/ sf] lxn] 3f] if0ff–kq hf/ L ub{5f} + .

k|lta4tf

!_ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] k|;f/ s ;+3 g] kfn / ;a} ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] g] t[Tj / lg0ff{os txdf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hg;+Vof / ljljwtfsf] cfwf/ df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrtf ug{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

@_ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] n] pTkfbg ug] { ;Dk"0f{ k|;f/ 0f ;fdu|Lx?dWo] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/ df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff, snf, ;+: s[lt, k/ Dk/ f, 1fg;Lk / / xg;xgsf] ;Da4{gsf] ;fdu|Lx? k|;f/ 0fsf nflu sDtLdf #^ k|ltzt ;'lglZrt ub{} , Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ k|lta4tf hfx] / ub{5f} + .

#_ b] ze/ sf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sf] g] t[Tj / / ] l8of] sfo{qmdaf/ ] cfwf/ e"t ;j] {If0f (baseline Survey) u/ L / 0fgLlts sfo{of] hgf;d] t th'{df u/ L ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df ;xeflutf / : jfldTj ;'lglZrt ug{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

$_ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] efiff, ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[lt, wd{, klxrfg cflbdf hjfkmb] xL, ;+j] bgzLn / lhDd] jf/ aGgsf nflu cflbjf;L hghflt k|;f/ 0f cfrf/ ;+lxtf (Code of conduct for Indigenous broadcasting) agfO{ nfu" ug{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

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%_ nf] kf] Gd'v ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[lt / efiffx?sf] arfp / pTyfgsf nflu ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?sf] tkm{af6 ljz] if sfo{of] hgf agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug] { k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} + .

^_ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL / fli6«o tyf cGt/ f{li6«o sfg'g, ;lGw tyf cle;lGwn] ;'lglZrt u/ ] sf clwsf/ sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ k|lta4 5f} + .

dfu

!_ ;+3Lo, k|b] z tyf : yfgLo txdf lgdf{0f ul/ g] cfd;~rf/ gLlt tyf sfg'gx? cflbjf;L hghfltd} qL agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ hf] 8bf/ dfu ub{5f} + .

@_ ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] df cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutf / : jfldTj clej[l4sf ;fy} sfo{qmd pTkfbg / k|;f/ 0fsf] nflu hgzlQmnfO{ pTk] |l/ t ug{ tLgj6} txsf ;/ sf/ n] ah] 6df ljz] if k|fyldstf lbg dfu ub{5f} + .

#_ nf] kf] Gd'v ;+: sf/ , ;+: s[lt / efiffx?sf] arfp / pTyfgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] dfWod ;fd'bflos k|;f/ 0f ePsfn] tLgj6} txsf ;/ sf/ ;Fu ;fem] bf/ Lsf] dfu ub{5f} + .

$_ cflbjf;L hghfltsf] : jfldTj / ;xeflutfdf ;~rfng ePsf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] x?nfO{ / ] l8of] pks/ 0fnufot ;fdu|Lsf] cfoft ubf{ eG;f/ z'Ns;lxt ljleGg s/ df ljz] if 5'6 / ;x'lnot lbg dfu ub{5f} .

%= ;+3, k|b] z / : yfgLo txdf / fi6«efiffdf ;/ sf/ L sfdsfh ;fy} cflbjf;L hghfltsf] lzIff, Gofodf kxF'r, ;"rgfsf] xs, ;~rf/ nufot ljleGg If] qsf] ;] jf k|jfxsf] ;'lglZrtfsf nflu ljz] if gLlt agfO{ nfu" ug{ hf] 8bf/ dfu ub{5f} .

^= cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf ;fd'bflos / ] l8of] sdL{x?sf] ;Lk, Ifdtf / g] t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu ;/ sf/ ;Fu gLltut ?kd} ljz] if Joj: yf ug{ dfu ub{5f} + .

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cg';"rL #

wflbª 3f]if0ff–kq, @)&^

k|b]z g+= # sf] wflbª lhNnfsf] uN5Ldf @)&^ kf}if * / ( ut] ;DkGg …ax'ntf ljljwtf / n}lª\us ;dfgtf M ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutfÚ /fli6«o k/fdz{ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL xfdL b]ze/sf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf ;~rfns tyf dlxnf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{x? ;fd'bflos /]l8of]dfk{mt dlxnf xsclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf nflu k|lta4tf hgfpFb}, nf]stGq, dfgjclwsf/, ;dtf / ax'ntfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub}{, cfTd;Ddfg;lxtsf] hLjgz}nLsf kIfdf jsfnt ub}{, ;fd'bflos k|;f/0fdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf tyf :jfldTj clej[l4 ug{ yk k|oTg ub}{ dlxnf xsclwsf/ / ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu k|fKt cj;/x?sf] pkof]u ub}{ dlxnf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{sf r'gf}tL tyf ;d:of ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu k|lta4tf / dfu;lxtsf] wflbª 3f]if0ff–kq hf/L ub{5f}+ .

k|lta4tf

!_ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?df dlxnfd}qL gLlt / ;+/rgf lgdf{0f u/L k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogsf nflu k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f}F .

@_ ;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3 g]kfn / ;a} ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] g]t[Tj / lg0ff{os txdf dlxnfsf] hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrtf ug{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

#_ ;~rf/afx]ssf cGo If]q, k]zf tyf Joj;fodf /x]sf dlxnfnfO{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df ;xh kx'Fr :yflkt u/L cfkm\gf] bIftf, lj1tf tyf cg'ej cfbfgk|bfgsf nflu cfslif{t ug]{ / o;sf nflu cj;/ k|bfg ug{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f}F .

$_ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x?df dlxnfsf] ckgTj a9fpg / dlxnfsf ;jfn Pj+ ljifoj:t'nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]n] pTkfbg ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ k|;f/0f ;fdu|Lx?dWo] hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf dlxnfsf] hLjg, :jtGqtf, Gofo / cfTd;Ddfg clej[l4sf nflu ;fdu|L pTkfbg / k|;f/0fsf nflu sDtLdf ## k|ltzt ;'lglZrt ub{} Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub{5f} .

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%_ b]ze/sf ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sf] g]t[Tj / /]l8of] sfo{qmdaf/] cfwf/e"t ;j]{If0f (Baseline Survey) u/L /0fgLlts sfo{of]hgf;d]t th{'df u/L ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf / :jfldTj ;'lglZrt ug{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f} .

^_ ;dfhdf ljBdfg lj;+ult, ljs[lt, s"/Llt, s';+:sf/;Fu} hftLo, n}+lus, wfld{s lje]b\sf] cGTosf nflu /]l8of] sfo{qmd pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f u/L ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] ;dfh lgdf{0fdf ;lqmo /xg] k|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f}+ .

&_ dlxnf ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g, ;lGw tyf cle;lGw Pj+ /fli6«o sfg'g / P]g lgodn] ;'lglZrt u/]sf clwsf/sf] k|rf/k|;f/ u/L hgtfnfO{ ;';"lrt ug{sf nflu k|lta4 5f}+ .

dfu

!_ ;+3Lo, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txdf lgdf{0f ul/g] cfd;~rf/ gLlt tyf sfg'gx? dlxnfd}qL agfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ hf]8bf/ dfu ub{5f}+ .

@_ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]df dlxnf ;xeflutf / :jfldTj clej[l4sf ;fy} sfo{qmd pTkfbg / k|;f/0fsf nflu hgzlQmnfO{ pTk]|l/t ug{ tLgj6} txsf ;/sf/n] ah]6df ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg dfu ub{5f}+ .

#_ b]zn] cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf k|lta4tf hgfPsf dlxnf clwsf/;DaGwL k|fjwfg tyf o;sf cfwf/df ag]sf /fli6«o sfg'g tyf gLlt lgodx?sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu dfu ub{5f}F .

$_ ;fd'bflos /]l8of]sdL{ dlxnfsf] ;Lk, Ifdtf / g]t[Tj ljsf;sf nflu ;/sf/;Fu gLltut?kd} ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ dfu ub{5f}+ .

%_ dlxnfsf ;jfn / x/]s If]qdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu ;fd'bflos /]l8of];Fusf] ;xsfo{df k}/jL ug{ tLgj6} txsf ;/sf/nfO{ cfXjfg ub{{5f}+ .

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kf]i6 aS; M !(#@$ sf7df8f}+, kmf]g M %@^)^^!, %@^)^&!

kmf]g÷km\ofS; M %@^)^$^

Od]n M [email protected], [email protected], j]a;fO6 M www.acorab.org.np;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3 -csf]/fa_ g]kfn

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Transcript of ;fd'bflos /]l8of] gLltut ax;...gLltut ax;df csf]/fa;fd'bflos /]l8of] k|;f/s ;+3 -csf]/fa_ g]kfndf...