Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2011 - United Nations · Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2011,yq;if...

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Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2011 ,yq;if

Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; gbtk;njhifkjpg;G> Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsk;

Fbj;jdj; jiytupd; ngaH

tpyhrk;

gbtk; F3

,yf;fj;ij vOJk; Kiw

tpilia ,t;thW epwe;jPl;Lf

,t;thW gjpa Ntz;lhk;khfhzKk; khtl;lKk;

njhifkjpg;Gf; fz;lj;ij milahsg;gLj;Jk; ,yf;fk;

NjHjy; gpuNjrk;

trpg;gplj;jpd; jd;ik

Fbj;jd ,yf;fk;

gbt ,yf;fk;

A1

A0

A3

A6

A2

A4

A9

A7

A8

A5

A10

A11

A12

A13

1. efuk;

2. fpuhkk;

3. ngUe;Njhl;lk;

1. tPl;Lf;$W

2. $l;L trpg;gplk;

3. trpg;gplky;yhj fl;blf;$W

1' trpg;gplk;

2' ntw;wplk; (ntw;wplkhapd; 2 vdf;

Fwpg;gpl;L mLj;j $Wf;Fr; nry;f)

tPl;Lf;$W xd;wpy; xU Fbj;jdk; fhzg;gbd; ‘1’ vdTk;> xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l Fbj;jdq;fs; ,Ug;gpd;‘1’> ‘2’ vd;w njhlupy;,yf;fkplTk;. $l;L trpg;gplk;kw;Wk; trpg;gplky;yhjfl;blf;$WfSf;F vg;NghJk; ‘0’ If; Fwpf;fTk;.

Fbj;jdj;jpy;Æ $l;Ltrpg;gplj;jpy;Ætrpg;gplky;yhj fl;blf;$wpy; 6 NgUf;F Nkw;gl;Nlhu; ,Ug;gpd; xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;lgbtq;fs; ghtpf;fg;gl Ntz;bapUg;gJld;> gbtq;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;Nfw;g mtw;Wf;F ‘001’> ‘002’> ‘003’ vDk; njhlupy; ,yf;fkplTk;.

tpil ,yf;fkhapd; mijf; $l;bDs;

njspthf vOjTk;.

tpilahdJ jug;gl;Ls;s tpilfspy;

xd;whapd; cupa tpilapid khj;jpuk;

epwe;jPl;Lf.

tpilahf nrhy;> FwpaPL Mfpa ,uz;ilAk;

Fwpg;gpl Ntz;Lkhapd;>

tpiliar;; nrhw;fspdhy; khj;jpuk; Fwpg;gpl

Ntz;Lkhapd;>

tUlk; khjk;

Mz;

ngz;

fz;b

new;nra;ifahsH

me;juq;fkhdJ : njhifkjpg;Gf; fl;lisr;; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; jkJ

kpfr; rpwe;j mwptpw;Fk;> jpwikf;Fk;

vl;batiuapy; rfyUk; ,j;jfty;fis

toq;FkhW Ntz;lg;gLfpd;wdH. jdpg;gl;l

jfty;fs; vf;fhuzj;jpw;fhfTk; toq;fg;gl

khl;lhJ.

gbtj;jpy; cs;s tpdhf;fSf;F tpilfs; gjpag;gl Ntz;ba Kiw

fzf;nfLf;Fk;

cj;jpNahfj;jupd; ngaH

ifnahg;gk;

jpfjp

Nkw;ghu;it cj;jpNahfj;jupd; ngaH

ifnahg;gk;

jpfjp

mwpTiu• tpilfisg; gjptjw;F jug;gl;l ngd;rpiy

khj;jpuk; ghtpf;fTk;.

• VjhtJ khw;wq;fs; nra;a Ntz;bapUe;jhy;

J}a;ikahf mopf;fTk;.

• gbtj;jpy; Njitaw;w vijAk; vOj Ntz;lhk;.

gp. nr. ÷ c. m. m. gpupT

fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT

gpupT

kh.e.r.÷ e.r.÷ gpuNjr rig

tl;lhuk;÷ fpuhkk;÷ ngUe;Njhl;lk;

njhifkjpg;Gf; fz;l ,yf;fk;

$wpd; njhifkjpg;G ,yf;fk;

$wpd; tif

,q;fpUe;J Muk;gpf;fTk;

fzf;nfLf;Fk; kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itcj;jpNahfj;ju;fspd; jfty;fs;

1

2

ftdpf;f: rfy tPl;Lf; $WfSf;Fk; (ntw;Wf; $WfSk; cs;slq;fyhf) $l;L trpg;gplq;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk;

egu;fs; toikahf trpf;Fk; trpg;gplkw;w fl;blf; $WfSf;Fk; ,g;gbtk; epug;gg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

A-Z

Fwpg;G

Specimen

9

A

eecim

peeen

Sp

en

Fwpg;gpl SSSpS

mm m. m. gpupT

fpuhk cj;jpNah

gpupT

$

SS

2

toikahf trpg;gtH njhifkjpg;Gf; fzj;jpd;NghJ ,Ue;jhu;

toikahf trpg;gtH Mdhy; njhifkjpg;Gf; fzj;jpd;NghJ jw;fhypfkhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy

toikahf trpf;fhjtH njhifkjpg;Gf; fzj;jpd;NghJ jw;fhypfkhf ,Ue;jhu;

Fbj;jdj; jiytH

kidtpÆ fztd;

kfd;Æ kfs;

kUkfd;Æ kUkfs;

Ngud;Æ Ngj;jpÆ g+l;ld;Æ g+l;b

Fbj;jdj; jiytupd; my;yJ Jizapd; ngw;NwhH

Vida cwtpdH

tPl;Lg; gzpahs;

tpLjpahsH

cwtpduy;yhjtH

kjFU

tpUe;jpdH

egupd; jfty;fs;

2008 etk;gH my;yJ mjw;F Kd;G

gpwe;jtHfSf;F (3 taJ kw;Wk;

mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhH)

njhifkjpg;Gf; fzj;jpd;; NghJ ,tH (jpUj;jr;; Rw;wpd;NghJ khj;jpuk; gjpaTk;)

egupd;; ,yf;fk;

Fbj;jdj; jiytUldhd cwTKiw

tpthf me;j];J

,dj;njhFjp

fle;j 30 jpdq;fspy; <Lgl;bUe;j fw;wy;

eltbf;iffs;

,e;j egH fy;tp fw;gjw;fhfj; jpdKk;

Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;tJ> ,e;jf; $wpypUe;jh?jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; khtl;lj;jpy; trpg;gjw;F te;j fhuzk;

xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l fhuzq;fs; ,Ug;gpd; gpujhd fhuzj;Jf;F milahskpLf.

FbAupik

gpwe;j khtl;lk;

cly; kw;Wk; cs ,lu;ghLfs;

,jw;F Kd;G (,Wjpahf) trpj;j khtl;lk;

toikahf trpf;Fk; ,k; khtl;lj;jpy;

jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; fhyk; (tUlq;fspy;)

rkak;

ghy;

gpwe;j jpfjp

ngau;

Njrpa milahs ml;il ,y.

P0

P1

P3

P6

P8

P15

P16P13

P9

P10

P14

P12

P11

P7

P4

P5

P2a

P2b

ngauplg;glhj Foe;ijahapd; ‘Foe;ij’ vdg; gjpaTk.;

rpq;fstH

,yq;ifj; jkpoH

,e;jpaj; jkpoH

,yq;ifr; NrhdfH

gwq;fpaH

kyhaH

,yq;ifr; nrl;b

gujH

VidatH (Fwpg;gplTk;)

Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

tpthfk;

njhopy;

fy;tp

,lg;;ngaHT

,lg;;ngaHtpd; gpd; kPs;FbNaw;wk;

mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;;

FLk;g cWg;gpdupd; Njitfs;

Vidait

Mz;

ngz;

tUlk; khjk;

,l

u;ghb

y;i

y

,l

u;ghL

cz

;L

xU

NghJ

k; K

bah

J

(a) ghHj;jy; (%f;Ff; fz;zhb ghtpg;gtHfs; mtw;iwg; ghtpf;Fk;NghJ)

(b) Nfl;ly; (Nfl;ly; fUtpfs; ghtpg;gtHfs; mtw;iwg; ghtpf;Fk;NghJ)

(c) FWe;Jhuj;ij elj;jy; my;yJ 12 gbfis VWjy; my;yJ ,wq;Fjy;

(d) Qhgfj;jpy; itj;jpUj;jy; my;yJ ftdj;ij xUKfg;gLj;jy;

(e) Mil mzpjy; my;yJ Fspj;jy; Nghd;w jdJ md;whl Ntiyfis jhkhf epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;sy;.

(f) cly;> cs uPjpahd fhuzq;fshy; Rankhopapy; vz;zq;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;sy;

gpwe;j tUlk; rupahfj; njupahtpbd;> tUlj;ijkjpg;gpl;L vOjp> khjj;ij ‘88’ vdf; Fwpg;gplTk;.gpwe;j tUlk; njupe;J> khjk; njupahtpbd;khjj;ij ‘99’ vdf; Fwpg;gplTk;.

ngsj;jk;

,e;J

,];yhk;

Nwhkd; fj;Njhypf;fk;

Vida fpwp];jtk;

Vidait

,yq;ifg; gpui[ahapd; ‘77’ ,w;Fk;> njupahjhapd; ‘88’ ,w;Fk; epwe;jPl;Lf. NtW ehl;ltuhapd; ehl;bd; ngaiuAk; FwpaPl;ilAk; vOjTk;.

,yq;ifau; 77 njupahJ 88

Vida ehL (Fwpg;gplTk;)

gpwg;gpd;;NghJ jhapd; toikahd trpg;gplk; mike;jpUe;j khtl;lj;jpd; ngaiuAk;> FwpaPl;ilAk; vOjTk;. NtW ehl;by; gpwe;jpUg;gpd; me;ehl;bd; ngaiuAk; FwpaPl;ilAk; vOjTk;.

,e;j khtl;lk; 77

khtl;lk;Æ ehL

gpwe;jjpypUe;J vdpd; ‘98’ ,w;F milahskpl;L> P14 ,w;Fr; nry;f. xU tUlj;jpw;Ff; Fiwthapd;> ‘00’ vdf; Fwpf;fTk;. NtW khtl;lj;jpypUe;JÆ ehl;bypUe;J gy jlitfspy; te;jpUg;gpd; ,Wjpahf te;j jpdj;jpypUe;J fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;gplTk;.

gpwe;jjpypUe;J 98 P14 ,w;;Fr; nry;f

tUlq;fs;

khtl;lk;Æ ehL

jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; khtl;lj;jpw;F tUtjw;F Kd;G trpj;j khtl;lj;jpd; my;yJ ehl;bd; ngaiuAk; FwpaPl;ilAk; vOjTk;.

ghu;j;jy;> Nfl;ly;> elj;jy;> Qhgfk; itj;jpUj;jy;> jkJ eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; njhlHghly; vd;gtw;wpYs;s ,lHghLfisf; Nfl;Lr; rupahd tpilf;F milahskpLf.

ghyH ghlrhiyf; fy;tp

ghlrhiyf; fy;tp

gl;lk;;Æ gl;lg; gpd;gbg;Gf; fy;tp

njhopw;gapw;rpÆ njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp

NtW fy;tp eltbf;iffs;

fw;wypy; <Lgltpy;iy

P17 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

1

2

1

2

3

xU NghJk; tpthfkhfhjtH;

tpthfkhdtH (gjpag;gl;Ls;sJ)

tpthfkhdtH (rk;gpujhak;)

jhukpoe;jtH

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jtH

rl;lg;gb gpupe;jtH

gpupe;J tho;gtH (rl;lg;gbay;yhj)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3

Specimen

kahf trpf;Fk;

jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; feciee

S

enen( )

ghtghtpf;F

(c) F12

trpg;gpliuAk;> FwpaPl;ilAk;

gpwe;jpUg;gpd; me;ehl;bvOjTk;.

7

gpwe;jjpypUe;J ,w;Fr; nry;f. wpf;fTk;. Nt

jlitfspy; fhyj;ijf; Fw

cSSSS

3

xUNghJk; ghlrhiy nry;yhjtH

jw;NghJ juk; 1 ,y; gbg;gtH

juk; 1 rpj;jpa

juk; 2 rpj;jp

juk; 3 rpj;jp

juk; 4 rpj;jp

juk; 5 rpj;jp

juk; 6 rpj;jp

juk; 7 rpj;jp

juk; 8 rpj;jp

juk; 9 rpj;jp

juk; 10 rpj;jp

f.ngh.j. (rhÆj)

f.ngh.j. (cÆj)

gl;lk;

gl;lg;gpd;gbg;G bg;Nshkh

gl;lg;gpd;gbg;G gl;lk;

fyhepjpg; gl;lk;

Mff; $ba fy;tpj; jifik fle;j 12 khjq;fspy; <Lgl;bUe;j njhopy;fSk;

mtw;wpd; fhyq;fSk; (thuq;fspy;)

P17 P21

1996 etk;gH my;yJ mjw;F Kd;G gpwe;jtHfSf;F

(15 taJ kw;Wk; mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhH)

mjpAau; njhopy; jifikfle;j 12 khjq;fspy; <Lgl;l gpujhd njhopy;

my;yJ nra;j Ntiy

NgRk;> thrpf;Fk; kw;Wk; vOJk; jpwd;fs;

capUld; gpwe;j gps;isfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;if

jw;NghJ capUld; ,Uf;Fk; gps;isfspd; nkhj;j

vz;zpf;if

filrpahf capu; gpwg;G ele;j tUlKk; khjKk;

njhopy; GupAkplj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nghUshjhu

eltbf;iffspd; (tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;>

tu;j;jfk; kw;Wk; Nritfs;) jd;ik

nghUshjhu eltbf;ifia Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

,lj;jpd; my;yJ Nrit epiyaj;jpd; ngau;

fzdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wy;

Njrpa njhopy; jifikfs; (NVQ) rhd;wpjo; ngw;wtuh?

P22

P19

P27

P28

P29

P23a

P23b

P20

P18b

gps;isfs; vtUk; capUld; ,y;iynadpd; ‘00’ ,w;F

epwe;jPl;Lf. ,q;F my;yJ Ntwplj;jpy; trpf;Fk; rfy

Mz;> ngz; gps;isfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifiaf;

Fwpg;gplTk;.

Mk;

,y;iy

Mk;

,y;iy

P21E 52 thuq;fs; vd;why; P27 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;.

P21F 52 thuq;fs; vd;why;; P26 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;.

,e;j egu; jpdKk; njhopy;÷ nghUshjhu

eltbf;iff;fhfg; Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;tJ ,f;$wpypUe;jh?

njhopypd; jd;ikAk; JiwAk;

fle;j 12 khjq;fspy; <Lgl;Ls;s gpujhd

nghUshjhukw;w eltbf;if

P24

P25

P26

Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

khztH

tPl;L Ntiyfs;

njhopypd;wp tUkhdk; ngWk;

Xa;T+jpak; ngWk;

Ntiy nra;a ,ayhjÆ tNahjpgk;

r%f Nrit

ghlrhiy nry;yhj rpWtH

Vida nghUshjhukw;w eltbf;if fs;

ngw;w mjpAau; njhopy; jifikiaj; njspthff;Fwpg;gplTk;.mjpAau; njhopy; jifik ngw;wJ> ,e;ehl;by;Æ ru;tNjrmq;fPfhuk; ngw;w njhopy; jifikfSf;F cupaguPl;irapy; rpj;jp ngw;wjhy; my;yJ 100 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; my;yJ mjw;F $Ljyhd fhy njhopw;gapw;rpnahd;wpid Kbj;jpUe;jjhy; my;yJ RPL kjpg;gPl;L Kiwapy; MFk;. njhopy; jifik ngwtpy;iyahapd; ‘998’ ,w;F milahskpl;L P19 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;.

jifikfs; ,y;iy 998 P19 ,w;Fr; nry;f.

fzdpapy; ve;jnthU NtiyiaAk; Rakhfr; nra;Ak; Mw;wy; cs;sjh vdf; Nfl;Lg; nghUj;jkhd tpilf;F milahskpLf.

gps;is gpwg;G ,y;iy 00 mLj;j egUf;Fr; nry;f

capUld; gpwe;jtHfspd; vz;zpf;if

jw;NghJ capUld; vtUk; ,y;iy 00

capUld; cs;stHfspd; vz;zpf;if

tUlk; khjk;

rpq

;fsk;

jkpo;

Mq;fpy

k;

NgRk;

jpwd;

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

vOj

thrpf;f

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

P18a

njhopy; thuq;fs;

A. rk;gsk; ngWk; njhopy; GupgtH

B. njhopy; nfhs;NthH

C. Ranjhopy; GupgtH

D. rk;gsk; ngwhJ FLk;gg; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspy; gq;fspg;gtH

E. njhopy; Gupaj; jahuhapUg;gtHÆ

njhopy; Njbf;nfhz;bUg;gtH

F. nghUshjhukw;w eltbf;ifapy; <Lgl;bUg;gtH

(mjhtJ khztH> tPl;L Ntiyapy; <LgLgtH>njhopypd;wp tUkhdk; ngWgtHÆ Xa;t+jpak; ngWgtH>njhopy; nra;a KbahjtHÆ KjpatHfs;>rk;gsk; ngwhJ nghJr; Nritfspy;<LgLgtHfs;> ghlrhiy nry;yhj gps;isfs;> NtW nghUshjhukw;w eltbf;iffspy; <LgLNthu; Nghd;NwhH)

ngw;w mjpAau; fy;tpj; jifikia my;yJ rpj;jpnaa;jpa mjpAau; guPl;iriaf; Fwpg;gpLf.xUNghJk; ghlrhiy nry;yhjtuhapd; my;yJ jw;NghJ ghyH ghlrhiyapy; gbg;gtuhapd; ‘88’ ,w;F milahskpLf. jw;NghJ 1 Mk; juj;jpy; gbg;gtuhapd; ‘00’ ,w;F milahskpLf. rpj;jpaile;Js;sJ guPl;irnahd;nwdpd; (njhopy; gapw;rpj; jifikf;fhd guPl;irfs; jtpu;e;j) nghUj;jkhd guPl;irf;F milahskpLf.

xt;nthU nkhopapYk; ‘Ngr’ kw;Wk; tpsf;fj;Jld; vOjTk;> thrpf;fTk; KbAkh vdf; Nfl;Lg; nghUj;jkhd $l;Lf;F epwe;jPl;Lf.

P21 ,y; A ,ypUe;J D tiu rfyJk; ntw;wplk; vdpd;> P26 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;.fle;j 12 khjq;fspy; VjhtJ Ntiyapy; <Lgl;bUe;jhy;njhopy; my;yJ nra;j eltbf;ifiaj; njspthf tpgupf;f. mur my;yJ jdpahu; Jiwapy;; Nritapy; <Lgl;l egu; njhlu;gpy; gjtpg; ngau;Æ njhopiyf; Fwpg;gplTk;.

c+k;: new;nra;ifahsH> Njapiyf; nfhOe;J gwpg;gtH> fzf;fpay; vOJtpidQH> fzpj MrpupaH> ,uhZt nyg;updd;w;> kuf;fwp rpy;yiw tpahghup> muprp nkhj;j tpahghup> tPl;L Ntiyahs;> cjtp tpw;gid KfhikahsH Nghd;wit.

gpujhd njhopy;Æ Ntiy nra;Akplj;jpy; eilngWk; nghUshjhu eltbf;ifapd; (tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;> tu;j;jfk; kw;Wk; Nrit) jd;ik

c+k;: new;nra;if> Njapiyr; nra;if> Rfhjhu Nritfis toq;fy;> muprp nkhj;j tpw;gid> Gilit rpy;yiw tpw;gid> tPl;L Ntiyfs;> ngz;fspd; Milfs; ijj;jy;.

c+k;: Nffhiy nghJ itj;jparhiy> tPL> Nrid> ABC Njapiyj; njhopw;rhiy> XYZ fk;gdp> fpspnehr;rp kfh tpj;jpahyak;> fy;tp mikr;R> Rfhjhu mikr;R

rk;gsk; ngWk; mur CopaH

rk;gsk; ngWk; muR rhu;e;j CopaH

jdpahu; Jiw CopaH

njhopy; nfhs;NthH

Ranjhopy; GupgtH

rk;gsk; ngwhky; FLk;gg; nghUshjhueltbf;iff;Fg; gq;fspg;gtH

gps;isfs; vtUk; capUld; gpwf;fhtpbd; ‘00’ ,w;F milahskpLf. jw;NghJ ,q;F my;yJ Ntwplj;jpy; trpf;Fk; kw;Wk; capUld; gpwe;J ,we;j Mz;> ngz; gps;isfspd; nkhj;j vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fwpg;gpLf.

rupahd tUlj;ijAk;> khjj;ijAk; Fwpg;gplTk;.tUlk; rupahfj; njupahtpbd; tUlj;ij kjpg;gpl;Lg;gjpe;J> khjj;jpw;F ‘88’ vdf; Fwpg;gplTk;. gpwe;j tUlk;njupe;J khjk; njupahtpbd; tUlj;ijr; rupahff;Fwpg;gpl;L khjj;jpw;F ‘99’ vdf; Fwpg;gplTk;.

2001 etk;gH kw;Wk; mjw;F Kd; gpwe;jtu;fSf;F




5 2

1996 etk;gH my;yJ mjw;F Kd;G gpwe;J (mjhtJ 15

tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l) vg;NghjhtJ tpthfkhd ngz;fSf;F

88

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1

2

1

2

,J gw;wpa jfty;fisg; ngWtjw;F crhj;Jizml;iliag; gad;gLj;jTk;.Fwpg;gpl;l eltbf;ifapy; <Lgltpy;iy vdpd; $l;ilntw;wplkhf tplTk;. rfy fhyq;fspd; $l;Lj;njhif 52thuq;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

P21 ,y; F MdJ ntw;wplk; vdpd; P27 ,w;Fr; nry;f.

nkhj;jk;:

Specimen

q;fspy; <Lgl;l gpujhd njhopy

Ntiy

ngw;wtuhSp

eneneFr; nry;yTk;.

wFr; nry;yTk;.

pS

X

Nti

tiu rfyJk; nyTk;.fspy; VjhtJ Ntiy

J nra;j eltbf;if. mur my;yJ jdpahu;

ll egu; njhlu;gpy; gjtpggplTk;.

k;: new;nra;ifgwpg;gtH> fzf;fp,uhZt nyg;

j;j fhik

25

S1

4




Fbj;jdj; jiytH

kidtpÆ fztd;

kfd;Æ kfs;

kUkfd;Æ kUkfs;



Vida cwtpdH

tPl;Lg; gzpahs;

tpLjpahsH

cwtpduy;yhjtH

kjFU

tpUe;jpdH

egupd; jfty;fs;



mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhH)


egupd;; ,yf;fk;


tpthf me;j];J

,dj;njhFjp


eltbf;iffs;

,e;j egH fy;tp fw;gjw;fhfj;

jpdKk; Gwg;gl;Lr; nry;tJ>

,e;jf; $wpypUe;jh?

jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; khtl;lj;jpy; trpg;gjw;F te;j fhuzk;


FbAupik

gpwe;j khtl;lk;





rkak;

ghy;

gpwe;j jpfjp

ngau;


P0

P1

P3

P6

P8

P15

P16P13

P9

P10

P14

P12

P11

P7

P4

P5

P2a

P2b


rpq;fstH

,yq;ifj; jkpoH

,e;jpaj; jkpoH

,yq;ifr; NrhdfH

gwq;fpaH

kyhaH

,yq;ifr; nrl;b

gujH


Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

tpthfk;

njhopy;

fy;tp

,lg;;ngaHT




Vidait

Mz;

ngz;

tUlk; khjk;

,l

u;ghb

y;i

y

,l

u;ghL

cz

;L

xU

NghJ

k; K

bah

J








ngsj;jk;

,e;J

,];yhk;


Vida fpwp];jtk;

Vidait





,e;j khtl;lk; 77

khtl;lk;Æ ehL



tUlq;fs;

khtl;lk;Æ ehL




ghlrhiyf; fy;tp




fw;wypy; <Lgltpy;iy

P17 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

1

2

1

2

3




jhukpoe;jtH

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jtH

rl;lg;gb gpupe;jtH


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3

Specimen

kahf trpf;Fk;


S

enen( )

ghtghtpf;F

(c) F12



7



cSSSS

5



juk; 1 rpj;jpa

juk; 2 rpj;jp

juk; 3 rpj;jp

juk; 4 rpj;jp

juk; 5 rpj;jp

juk; 6 rpj;jp

juk; 7 rpj;jp

juk; 8 rpj;jp

juk; 9 rpj;jp

juk; 10 rpj;jp

f.ngh.j. (rhÆj)

f.ngh.j. (cÆj)

gl;lk;



fyhepjpg; gl;lk;



P17 P21




my;yJ nra;j Ntiy




vz;zpf;if









P22

P19

P27

P28

P29

P23a

P23b

P20

P18b




Fwpg;gplTk;.

Mk;

,y;iy

Mk;

,y;iy








P24

P25

P26

Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

khztH

tPl;L Ntiyfs;


Xa;T+jpak; ngWk;


r%f Nrit










tUlk; khjk;

rpq

;fsk;

jkpo;

Mq;fpy

k;

NgRk;

jpwd;

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

vOj

thrpf;f

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

P18a

njhopy; thuq;fs;



C. Ranjhopy; GupgtH















jdpahu; Jiw CopaH

njhopy; nfhs;NthH

Ranjhopy; GupgtH








5 2



88

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1

2

1

2


1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3


nkhj;jk;:

Specimen


Ntiy

ngw;wtuhSp

eneneFr; nry;yTk;.

wFr; nry;yTk;.

pS

X

Nti





j;j fhik

25

S1

6




Fbj;jdj; jiytH

kidtpÆ fztd;

kfd;Æ kfs;

kUkfd;Æ kUkfs;



Vida cwtpdH

tPl;Lg; gzpahs;

tpLjpahsH

cwtpduy;yhjtH

kjFU

tpUe;jpdH

egupd; jfty;fs;



mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhH)


egupd;; ,yf;fk;


tpthf me;j];J

,dj;njhFjp


eltbf;iffs;




FbAupik

gpwe;j khtl;lk;





rkak;

ghy;

gpwe;j jpfjp

ngau;


P0

P1

P3

P6

P8

P15

P16P13

P9

P10

P14

P12

P11

P7

P4

P5

P2a

P2b


rpq;fstH

,yq;ifj; jkpoH

,e;jpaj; jkpoH

,yq;ifr; NrhdfH

gwq;fpaH

kyhaH

,yq;ifr; nrl;b

gujH


Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

tpthfk;

njhopy;

fy;tp

,lg;;ngaHT




Vidait

Mz;

ngz;

tUlk; khjk;

,l

u;ghb

y;i

y

,l

u;ghL

cz

;L

xU

NghJ

k; K

bah

J








ngsj;jk;

,e;J

,];yhk;


Vida fpwp];jtk;

Vidait





,e;j khtl;lk; 77

khtl;lk;Æ ehL



tUlq;fs;

khtl;lk;Æ ehL




ghlrhiyf; fy;tp




fw;wypy; <Lgltpy;iy

P17 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

1

2

1

2

3




jhukpoe;jtH

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jtH

rl;lg;gb gpupe;jtH


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3

SSSpecimen

kahf trpf;Fk;


S

enen( )

ghtghtpf;F

(c) F12



7



cSSSS

7



juk; 1 rpj;jpa

juk; 2 rpj;jp

juk; 3 rpj;jp

juk; 4 rpj;jp

juk; 5 rpj;jp

juk; 6 rpj;jp

juk; 7 rpj;jp

juk; 8 rpj;jp

juk; 9 rpj;jp

juk; 10 rpj;jp

f.ngh.j. (rhÆj)

f.ngh.j. (cÆj)

gl;lk;



fyhepjpg; gl;lk;



P17 P21




my;yJ nra;j Ntiy




vz;zpf;if









P22

P19

P27

P28

P29

P23a

P23b

P20

P18b




Fwpg;gplTk;.

Mk;

,y;iy

Mk;

,y;iy








P24

P25

P26

Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

khztH

tPl;L Ntiyfs;


Xa;T+jpak; ngWk;


r%f Nrit










tUlk; khjk;

rpq

;fsk;

jkpo;

Mq;fpy

k;

NgRk;

jpwd;

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

vOj

thrpf;f

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

P18a

njhopy; thuq;fs;



C. Ranjhopy; GupgtH















jdpahu; Jiw CopaH

njhopy; nfhs;NthH

Ranjhopy; GupgtH








5 2



88

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1

2

1

2


1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3


nkhj;jk;:

Specimen


Ntiy

ngw;wtuhSp

eneneFr; nry;yTk;.

wFr; nry;yTk;.

pS

X

Nti





j;j fhik

25

S1

8




Fbj;jdj; jiytH

kidtpÆ fztd;

kfd;Æ kfs;

kUkfd;Æ kUkfs;



Vida cwtpdH

tPl;Lg; gzpahs;

tpLjpahsH

cwtpduy;yhjtH

kjFU

tpUe;jpdH

egupd; jfty;fs;



mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhH)


egupd;; ,yf;fk;


tpthf me;j];J

,dj;njhFjp


eltbf;iffs;



,e;jf; $wpypUe;jh?



FbAupik

gpwe;j khtl;lk;





rkak;

ghy;

gpwe;j jpfjp

ngau;


P0

P1

P3

P6

P8

P15

P16P13

P9

P10

P14

P12

P11

P7

P4

P5

P2a

P2b


rpq;fstH

,yq;ifj; jkpoH

,e;jpaj; jkpoH

,yq;ifr; NrhdfH

gwq;fpaH

kyhaH

,yq;ifr; nrl;b

gujH


Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

tpthfk;

njhopy;

fy;tp

,lg;;ngaHT




Vidait

Mz;

ngz;

tUlk; khjk;

,l

u;ghb

y;i

y

,l

u;ghL

cz

;L

xU

NghJ

k; K

bah

J








ngsj;jk;

,e;J

,];yhk;


Vida fpwp];jtk;

Vidait





,e;j khtl;lk; 77

khtl;lk;Æ ehL



tUlq;fs;

khtl;lk;Æ ehL




ghlrhiyf; fy;tp




fw;wypy; <Lgltpy;iy

P17 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

1

2

1

2

3




jhukpoe;jtH

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jtH

rl;lg;gb gpupe;jtH


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3

SSSpecimen

kahf trpf;Fk;


S

enen( )

ghtghtpf;F

(c) F12



7



cSpSSS

9



juk; 1 rpj;jpa

juk; 2 rpj;jp

juk; 3 rpj;jp

juk; 4 rpj;jp

juk; 5 rpj;jp

juk; 6 rpj;jp

juk; 7 rpj;jp

juk; 8 rpj;jp

juk; 9 rpj;jp

juk; 10 rpj;jp

f.ngh.j. (rhÆj)

f.ngh.j. (cÆj)

gl;lk;



fyhepjpg; gl;lk;



P17 P21




my;yJ nra;j Ntiy




vz;zpf;if









P22

P19

P27

P28

P29

P23a

P23b

P20

P18b




Fwpg;gplTk;.

Mk;

,y;iy

Mk;

,y;iy








P24

P25

P26

Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

khztH

tPl;L Ntiyfs;


Xa;T+jpak; ngWk;


r%f Nrit










tUlk; khjk;

rpq

;fsk;

jkpo;

Mq;fpy

k;

NgRk;

jpwd;

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

vOj

thrpf;f

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

P18a

njhopy; thuq;fs;



C. Ranjhopy; GupgtH















jdpahu; Jiw CopaH

njhopy; nfhs;NthH

Ranjhopy; GupgtH








5 2



88

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1

2

1

2


1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3


nkhj;jk;:

Specimen


Ntiy

ngw;wtuhSp

eneneFr; nry;yTk;.

wFr; nry;yTk;.

pS

X

Nti





j;j fhik

25

S1

10




Fbj;jdj; jiytH

kidtpÆ fztd;

kfd;Æ kfs;

kUkfd;Æ kUkfs;



Vida cwtpdH

tPl;Lg; gzpahs;

tpLjpahsH

cwtpduy;yhjtH

kjFU

tpUe;jpdH

egupd; jfty;fs;



mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhH)


egupd;; ,yf;fk;


tpthf me;j];J

,dj;njhFjp


eltbf;iffs;




FbAupik

gpwe;j khtl;lk;





rkak;

ghy;

gpwe;j jpfjp

ngau;


P0

P1

P3

P6

P8

P15

P16P13

P9

P10

P14

P12

P11

P7

P4

P5

P2a

P2b


rpq;fstH

,yq;ifj; jkpoH

,e;jpaj; jkpoH

,yq;ifr; NrhdfH

gwq;fpaH

kyhaH

,yq;ifr; nrl;b

gujH


Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

tpthfk;

njhopy;

fy;tp

,lg;;ngaHT




Vidait

Mz;

ngz;

tUlk; khjk;

,l

u;ghb

y;i

y

,l

u;ghL

cz

;L

xU

NghJ

k; K

bah

J








ngsj;jk;

,e;J

,];yhk;


Vida fpwp];jtk;

Vidait





,e;j khtl;lk; 77

khtl;lk;Æ ehL



tUlq;fs;

khtl;lk;Æ ehL




ghlrhiyf; fy;tp




fw;wypy; <Lgltpy;iy

P17 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

1

2

1

2

3




jhukpoe;jtH

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jtH

rl;lg;gb gpupe;jtH


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3

SpSSpecimen

kahf trpf;Fk;


S

enen( )

ghtghtpf;F

(c) F12



7



cSpSSS

11



juk; 1 rpj;jpa

juk; 2 rpj;jp

juk; 3 rpj;jp

juk; 4 rpj;jp

juk; 5 rpj;jp

juk; 6 rpj;jp

juk; 7 rpj;jp

juk; 8 rpj;jp

juk; 9 rpj;jp

juk; 10 rpj;jp

f.ngh.j. (rhÆj)

f.ngh.j. (cÆj)

gl;lk;



fyhepjpg; gl;lk;



P17 P21




my;yJ nra;j Ntiy




vz;zpf;if









P22

P19

P27

P28

P29

P23a

P23b

P20

P18b




Fwpg;gplTk;.

Mk;

,y;iy

Mk;

,y;iy








P24

P25

P26

Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

khztH

tPl;L Ntiyfs;


Xa;T+jpak; ngWk;


r%f Nrit










tUlk; khjk;

rpq

;fsk;

jkpo;

Mq;fpy

k;

NgRk;

jpwd;

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

vOj

thrpf;f

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

P18a

njhopy; thuq;fs;



C. Ranjhopy; GupgtH















jdpahu; Jiw CopaH

njhopy; nfhs;NthH

Ranjhopy; GupgtH








5 2



88

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

1

2

1

2


1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3


nkhj;jk;:

Specimen


Ntiy

ngw;wtuhSp

eneneFr; nry;yTk;.

wFr; nry;yTk;.

pS

X

Nti





j;j fhik

25

S1

12




Fbj;jdj; jiytH

kidtpÆ fztd;

kfd;Æ kfs;

kUkfd;Æ kUkfs;



Vida cwtpdH

tPl;Lg; gzpahs;

tpLjpahsH

cwtpduy;yhjtH

kjFU

tpUe;jpdH

egupd; jfty;fs;



mjw;F Nkw;gl;NlhH)


egupd;; ,yf;fk;


tpthf me;j];J

,dj;njhFjp


eltbf;iffs;



,e;jf; $wpypUe;jh?



FbAupik

gpwe;j khtl;lk;





rkak;

ghy;

gpwe;j jpfjp

ngau;


P0

P1

P3

P6

P8

P15

P16P13

P9

P10

P14

P12

P11

P7

P4

P5

P2a

P2b


rpq;fstH

,yq;ifj; jkpoH

,e;jpaj; jkpoH

,yq;ifr; NrhdfH

gwq;fpaH

kyhaH

,yq;ifr; nrl;b

gujH


Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

tpthfk;

njhopy;

fy;tp

,lg;;ngaHT




Vidait

Mz;

ngz;

tUlk; khjk;

,l

u;ghb

y;i

y

,l

u;ghL

cz

;L

xU

NghJ

k; K

bah

J








ngsj;jk;

,e;J

,];yhk;


Vida fpwp];jtk;

Vidait





,e;j khtl;lk; 77

khtl;lk;Æ ehL



tUlq;fs;

khtl;lk;Æ ehL




ghlrhiyf; fy;tp




fw;wypy; <Lgltpy;iy

P17 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

1

2

1

2

3




jhukpoe;jtH

tpthfuj;Jr; nra;jtH

rl;lg;gb gpupe;jtH


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 2 3

SpSSpecimen

kahf trpf;Fk;


S

enen( )

ghtghtpf;F

(c) F12



7



cSSSS

13



juk; 1 rpj;jpa

juk; 2 rpj;jp

juk; 3 rpj;jp

juk; 4 rpj;jp

juk; 5 rpj;jp

juk; 6 rpj;jp

juk; 7 rpj;jp

juk; 8 rpj;jp

juk; 9 rpj;jp

juk; 10 rpj;jp

f.ngh.j. (rhÆj)

f.ngh.j. (cÆj)

gl;lk;



fyhepjpg; gl;lk;



P17 P21




my;yJ nra;j Ntiy




vz;zpf;if









P22

P19

P27

P28

P29

P23a

P23b

P20

P18b




Fwpg;gplTk;.

Mk;

,y;iy

Mk;

,y;iy








P24

P25

P26

Mk;

,y;iy

nghUj;jkpy;iy

khztH

tPl;L Ntiyfs;


Xa;T+jpak; ngWk;


r%f Nrit










tUlk; khjk;

rpq

;fsk;

jkpo;

Mq;fpy

k;

NgRk;

jpwd;

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

vOj

thrpf;f

1. Mk;

2. ,y;iy

P18a

njhopy; thuq;fs;



C. Ranjhopy; GupgtH















jdpahu; Jiw CopaH

njhopy; nfhs;NthH

Ranjhopy; GupgtH








5 2



88

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nkhj;jk;:

Specimen

<Lgl;l gpujhd njhop

tuh?

P23S

eneeyyTk

ry;yTk;.

SpS

Xa;T+jp

y nr

r%f Nri

ghlr

fyJk; ntw;wplk

VjhtJ Ntiyapy; <j eltbf;ifiaj;

my;yJ jdpahu; Jiwanjhlu;gpy; gjtpg; nga

new;nra;ifahsH>gwpg;gtH> fzf;fpay; vO,uhZt nyg;updd;w;nkhj;j tpahgKfhikahsH

14

Fbj;jd mq;fj;jtH xUtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ

thliff;FÆ Fj;jiff;F

muRf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ

thliff;FÆ Fj;jiff;F jdpahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdJ

thlifaw;wJ

mj;JkPwpf; FbNawpaJ

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

cs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fspdhy; Nrfupj;jy;

FbapUg;ghsuhy; vupj;jy;

FbapUg;ghsuhy; tstpw;Fs; Gijj;jy;

FbapUg;ghsuhy; $l;Lg;gris jahupf;fg; gad;gLj;Jjy;

FbapUg;ghsuhy; tPjpapy;ÆMw;wpy;ÆmUtpapy;Æflypy;Æfsg;gpy;Æfhl;by; tPRjy;

Vidait(Fwpg;gpLf)

$wpDs;

,f;Fbj;jdj;jpd; ghtidf;F khj;jpuk;

NtW Fbj;jdj;Jld; NrHe;j ghtid

$Wf;F ntspNa

,f;Fbj;jdj;jpd; ghtidf;F khj;jpuk;

NtW Fbj;jdj;Jld;Nru;e;j ghtid

Vidaitkyry$lk; ,y;iynadpDk;NtW Fbj;jdj;Jld; NrHe;j ghtid

nghJ kyry$lk;

kyry$lk; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy

kpd;rhuk; - Njrpa kpd;rf;jp tiyaikg;G

kpd;rhuk; - fpuhkpa ePu; kpd;rf;;jpcj;Njrj; jpl;lk;

kz;nzz;nza;

#upa rf;jp

capupay; thA

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

tpwF

kz;nzz;nza;

vupthA

kpd;rhuk;

kuj;J}s;Æ ckp

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

fpzW

tstpw;Fs; ghJfhg;ghd fpzW

tstpw;F ntspNa ghJfhg;ghd fpzW

ghJfhg;gw;w fpzW

Foha; %ykhd ePH (gpujhd ,izg;G)

tPl;bw;;Fs; ePu;f;; Foha;

tPl;bw;F ntspNa tstpw;Fs; ePu;f; Foha;

tstpw;F ntspNa ePu;f; Foha;

Vida %yq;fs;

fpuhkpa ePu;toq;fy;; cj;Njrj; jpl;lk;;

Foha;f; fpzW

ngsrH

Fsk;ÆMWÆmUtpÆFl;ilÆCw;W Nghd;wd

kio ePH

Nghj;jypy; milf;fg;gl;l ePH

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

trpf;Fk; tPl;Lf;$Wf;F khj;jpuk;

Fbj;jdj; jfty;fs;

M0 ,f;Fbj;jd mq;fj;jtHfs; ahuhtJ jpUk;gp trpf;f tUk; vz;zj;jpy; 6 khjj;jpw;F $ba fhyk; ntspehl;bw;Fr; nrd;Ws;sduh?

Mk;

,y;iy Fbj;jdj; jfty;fs; H1 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;.

M1. ngau; M2 . ghy;

1. Mz;

2. ngz;

M3. filrpg;

gpwe;jjpdj;jpy;

taJ (tUlq;fspy;)

M4 . trpf;Fk; ehl;bd; ngaUk; FwpaPLk; (ehl;bd; ngaiu vOjp mjd; FwpaPl;ilf;

Fwpg;gplTk;)

M5 . ntspehL nrd;wjw;fhd fhuzk;

1. njhopy; 2. fy;tp 3. Vidait

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Fbj;jdj;jpy; toikahf trpg;Nghupd; vz;zpf;if

H1

FbePH ngWk; gpujhd khHf;fk;

rikaYf;fhd gpujhd vupnghUs;

ntspr;r%l;Lk; gpujhd khu;f;fk;

kyry$lj;jpd; jd;ik

jpz;kf; fopTfis mfw;Wk; gpujhd khHf;fk;

H2

H3

H4

H6

H7

ePuilg;G kw;Wk; FopAld;Æ fopTj; njhl;bAld; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ

ePuilg;G kw;Wk; Foha; %ykhd fopePNuhilAld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

ePubj;J Cw;Wjy; (ePuilg;gy;yhj)

Neubf; Fop

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

tPl;L cupikH8

kyry$l trjpfs;H5

• epue;jukhf trpg;gjw;fy;yhJ 6 khjq;fSf;Ff; $ba fhyk; ntspehLfSf;Fr; nrd;Ws;s egu;fspd; jfty;fis ,q;F gjpaTk;.• 6 khjq;fSf;Ff; Fiwthf ntspehLfspy; trpf;Fk; mq;fj;jtHfspd; jfty;fs; Vw;fdNt tpgukhfg; gjpag;gl;Ls;sjhy; ,q;F gjpag;gl Ntz;bajp;y;iy• vg;NghJk; Fbj;jdj;jpd; filrp egiug; gjpe;j gbtj;jpy; kl;Lk; ,j;jfty;fisg; gjpaTk;.

• rfy Fbj;jdq;fSf;Fk; Fbj;jdj; jfty;fisg; gjpf.• vg;nghOJk; Fbj;jdj;jpy; ,Wjpahf cs;s egH gjpag;gl;l gbtj;jpy; khj;jpuk; Fbj;jdq;fspd; jfty;fisg; gjpf.

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

1 2 3

1

2

tPl;Ltrjpfs; gw;wpa jfty;fs;

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H7 ,w;Fr; nry;yTk;

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

1 2

Sp07

8

09

1

11SSSSSpecimen

wpDs

,f;Fbj;

NtW

Wf;F

wpg;gpLf)

H

kyry$l t

gl;l gbtj;jpy; khn

ec2mememmm

Sp

en

15

tPl;Lf;$wpd; jfty;fs;;

epHkhzpf;fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l gpujhd nghUl;fs;U3

$wpYs;s Fbj;jdq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

$wpy; toikahf trpf;Fk; egHfspd; vz;zpf;if

U1

U2

$wpd; tif $wpd; ghtid miwfs;

epHkhzpj;j tUlk;

Vida jfty;fs;

U4

H9

U8

U6 U7

U5

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004 - 2000

1999 - 1995

1994 - 1990

1989 - 1980

1979 ck; mjw;F Kd;Gk;

• tPl;Lf;$nwhd;wpw;fhf xUKiw khj;jpuk; $wpd; jfty;fisg; gjpaTk;.• tPl;Lf; $nwhd;wpy; xU Fbj;jdk; kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy; mjpy; filrp egiu gjpAk; gbtj;jpYk;> Fbj;jdq;fs; xd;Wf;F mjpfkhf ,Ug;gpd; filrpf; Fbj;jdj;jpd; filrp egiug; gjpAk; gbtj;jpYk; $wpd; jfty;fs; gjpag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

A. Rtu;fs;

nrq;fy;

rPnke;Jf;fy;Æ fUq;fy;

fg+f;fy;

mKf;fpa kzw;fy;

fspkz;

fpLFÆ gidNahiy

gyifÆ jfuk;

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

B. jiu

rPnke;J

nuwhNrhÆjiuNahLÆfpwidl;

fspkz;

kuk;

kzy;

nfhq;fpwPl;

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

C. $iu

XL

m];ng];u];

nfhq;fpwPl;

mYkpdpaj; jfL

jfuk;

fpLFÆ gidNahiyÆ itf;Nfhy;

Vidait (Fwpg;gplTk;)

jdp tPL - xw;iwj; jsk;

jdp tPL - ,uz;L jsq;fs;

jdp tPL - ,uz;bw;F Nkw;gl;l jsq;fs;;

Jiz tPL (mndf;];)

njhlHkhb tPL

Mlk;gu khbtPL

,iz tPL

tupir tPLÆ yak;

FbirÆ Nrup tPLfs;

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

g+Hj;jp nra;ahJ FbNawp trpf;Fk; $whapd; Kjd;Kjypy; FbNawpa tUlj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.

trpg;gjw;F khj;jpuk;

trpg;gjw;Fk; tu;j;jfj;jpw;Fk;

jdpaiw tPL

xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l miwfs;

mLj;j $Wf;Fr; nry;yTk;

$wpy; fhzg;gLk; njhlu;G rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fs;

miwfspd; vz;zpf;if

xt;nthU cgfuz vz;zpf;iff;Fk; cupathW epwe;jPl;Lf.

,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gLk; xt;nthU miw tiffspd; vz;zpf;iff;Nfw;wthW epwe;jPl;Lf.

cgfuzq;fspd; vz;zpf;if

miwfspd;; vz;zpf;if

cgfuzq;fs;

1. thndhyp

2. njhiyf;fhl;rp

3. epiyahd njhiyNgrp

4. ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrp

5. Nkirf; fzdp (Desktop)

6. kbf; fzdp (Laptop)

7. njhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk;

miwfspd; tif

1. gLf;ifaiwfs;

2. trpf;Fk;Æ rhg;ghl;L miwfs;

3. rikayiwfs;Æghd;wPfs;

4. mYtyf miwfs;

5. trpg;gjw;fhd NtW miwfs;

tPl;bypUe;J ,izaj;jsj;ijg; gad;gLj;j KbAkh?H10

Mk;

,y;iy

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mYtyfk;

mwptfk; (edry)

njhiyj;njhlHG epiyaq;fs;

Vidait (Fwpg;gpLf)

tPl;bw;F ntspNaahd ,lnkhd;wpypUe;J

,izaj;jsj;ijg; gad;gLj;j KbAkh?

tPl;bw;F ntspNaahd ,lnkhd;wpypUe;J ,izaj;jsj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjhapd; vq;fpUe;J?

H11a

H11b

Mk;

,y;iy

cupa vy;yh ,lq;fisAk; epwe;jPl;Lf

$wpd; jftYf;Fr; nry;f

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2

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Specimen

Seci

d ghtid

$i

trpg;gjw;F khj;jpuk;

trpg;gjw;Fk; tu

miwfsp

2

3

4

5 eememememm03

04

05 SSSSpSSS

16

Specimen

cimcicimci

Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2011 - United Nations · Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2011,yq;if...

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Transcript of Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2011 - United Nations · Fbrd> tPl;Ltrjpfs; njhifkjpg;G 2011,yq;if...