VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE nghUslf;fk;;

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nghUslf;fk;

t.vz;. nghUs; gf;fk;

1. gjpndz;fPo;fzf;F E}y;fs; 1

2. jpUf;Fws;

• md;G- gz;G - fy;tp - Nfs;tp- mwpT - mlf;fk;>

xOf;fk;. nghiw> el;G> tha;ik> fhyk;> typ>

xg;Gutwpjy;> nra;ed;wp> rhd;whz;ik> nghpahiuj;

Jizf;Nfhly;> nghUs; nray;tif> tpidj;jpl;gk;>

,dpait $wy;.

3

3. mwE}y;fs;

• ehybahh;> ehd;kzpf;fbif> ,d;dh ehw;gJ>

,dpait ehw;gJ> jphpfLfk;> Mrhuf;Nfhit>

gonkhopehD}W> rpWgQ;r%yk;> Vyhjp>

KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp> Ie;jpiz Ik;gJ> Ie;jpiz

vOgJ> jpiznkhop Ik;gJ> jpizkhiy

E}w;iwk;igJ> fhh; ehw;gJ> ife;epiy> fstop

ehw;gJ> ,d;dpiy

22

4. rq;f ,yf;fpak;

• jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil> nghUeuhw;Wg;gil>

rpWghzhw;Wg;gil> ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil>

kiygLflhk;> kJiuf;fhQ;rp> FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L>

Ky;iyg;ghl;L> gl;bdg;ghiy> neLey;thil

35

5. vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs;

• ew;wpiz> FWe;njhif> Iq;FWE}W> gjpw;Wg;gj;J>

ghpghly;> fypj;njhif> mfehD}W> GwehD}W

42

6. rq;f ,yf;fpaKk;> jpiz ,yf;fpaKk;

• fhg;gpaq;fs;> Ik;ngUk;fhg;gpaq;fs;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;>

kzpNkfiy> rPtf rpe;jhkzp> tisahgjp>

Fz;lyNfrp> Ir;rpWq; fhg;gpaq;fs;> nghpaGuhzk;>

ehyhapu jpt;tpag;gpuge;jk;> jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;>

Njk;ghtzp> rPwhg;Guhzk;> rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs;>

kNdhd;kzpak; - ghQ;rhyp rgjk; - Fapy; ghl;L -

,ul;Lw nkhopjy;> fhsNkfg;Gyth; - mofpa

nrhf;fehjh;.

• ehl;Lg;Gwg;ghl;L - rpj;jh; ghly;fs;> rka

Kd;Ndhbfs;> rk;ge;jh;> mg;gh;> Re;juh;>

khzpf;fthrfh;> jpU%yh;> 11-Mk; jpUKiw

55

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE nghUslf;fk;;

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7. jkpo; mwpQh;fSk; jkpo;j; njhz;Lk;

• ghujpahh;> ghujpjhrd;> ftpkzp Njrpf

tpehafk;gps;is> ehkf;fy; ftpQh;> kuGf;ftpij>

fz;zjhrd;> Rujh> Kbaurd;> thzpjhrd;>

cLkiy ehuhazftp> gl;Lf;Nfhl;il

fy;ahzRe;juk;> kUjfhrp> GJf; ftpij>

e.gpr;r%h;j;jp> rp.R.nry;yg;gh> jUK rptuhK>

gRta;ah> ,uh.kPdhl;rp> rp. kzp> rpw;gp> K. Nkj;jh>

<NuhL> jkpod;gd;> mg;Jy;uFkhd;> fyhg;hpah> kPuh>

rhiy ,se;jpiuad;> Mye;J}h; Nkhfduq;fd;>

rhypdp ,se;jpiuad;> Qhdf; $j;jd;> NjtNjtd;.

• jkpopy; fbj ,yf;fpak;> ehlff;fiy - ,irf;fiy>

jkpopy; rpWfijfs;> fiyfs;> jkpopd; njhd;ik>

ciueil> jkpo;g;gzp> jkpo;j;njhz;L>

jkpo;j;njhz;L rpwg;Gj;njhlh;fs;> nghpahh;-

mz;zh-Kj;Juhkypq;;fj; Njth;-mk;Ngj;fh;-fhkuhrh;

rKjhaj;njhz;L> jkpofk; - CUk; NgUk;> Njhw;wk;>

cyfshtpa jkpoh;fs; rpwg;Gk; - ngUikAk; - jkpo;g;

gzpAk;> jkpo;nkhopapy; mwptpay; rpe;jidfs;> jkpo;

kfsphpd; rpwg;G> jkpoh; tzpfk; - njhy;ypay;

Ma;Tfs;- flw; gazq;;fs;> czNt kUe;J Neha;

jPh;f;Fk; %ypiffs;> rkag;nghJik>

• rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ> jkpof tpUJfs;> gapw;rp

tpdhj;jhs; kw;Wk; tpilfs;

139

rkr;rPh; gapw;rp tpdhf;fs; 366

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

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rp.R.nry;yg;gh

Ch; - rpd;dkD}h; (Njdp khtl;lk;)

fhyk; - 29.09.1912 Kjy; 18.12.1998 tiu

,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - khw;W ,jak; (ftpijj; njhFg;G),

rurhtpd; nghk;ik, kzy;tPL, mWgJ, rj;jpahfurp,

nts;is rpWfij vd;w Ie;J njhFjpfs;,

thbthry;, [Ptdhk;rk;, Rje;jpujhfk;, eP ,d;W

,Ue;jhy;> GJf;Fuy;

rpwg;Gg; ngah; - GJf;ftpij Gutyh;

rpwg;Gfs;:

❖ kJiuf; fy;Y}hpapy; gp.V. ,sq;fiyg; gl;lk; ngw;whh;.

❖ fhe;jpapd; nfhs;ifahy; <h;f;fg;gl;L tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;F ngw;wth; -

rp.R.nry;yg;gh

❖ 1947 - 1953 tiu jpdkzpf; fjphpy; gpugy vOj;jhsh; JkpyDf;F cWJizahf

gzpahw;wpath; - rp.R. nry;yg;gh

❖ 1958 vOj;J ,jio njhlq;fpath; - rp.R. nry;yg;gh

❖ Rje;jpu rq;F vd;w ,jopy; Kjy; Kjyhf vOjj; njhlq;fpath; - rp.R. nry;yg;gh

❖ kzpf;nfhb vd;w ,jo; ,thpd; gilg;Gfis ntspapl;L Cf;fg;gLj;jpaJ.

❖ rpwe;j vOj;jhsuhf rp.R. nry;yg;ghit mwpKfg;gLj;jpa rpWfij - rurhtpd;

nghk;ik

❖ kzpf;nfhb fyhNkhfpdp ,jo;fs; epd;W Nghdjhy; kWkyh;r;rp vOj;jhsh;fspd;

gilg;GfSf;F cWJizahf epd;w ,jo; - vOj;J (119 ,jo;fs; kl;LNk

ntspte;jd)

❖ jkpo;r; rpWgj;;jphpfspd; Kd;Ndhb ,jo; - vOj;J.

❖ GJf;ftpij: khw;W ,jak;

❖ rpWfijfs; : rurhtpd; nghk;ik> kzy;tPL> mWgJ> rj;jpahfurp> nts;is vd;w

Ie;J njhFjpfs;.

❖ ehty; : thbthry;> [Ptdhk;rk;> Rje;jpujhfk;

❖ tpkh;rdk;: jkpo; ,yf;fpa tpkh;rdk;> jkpo;r; rpWfij gpwf;fpwJ.

❖ FWq;fhtpak;: ,d;W eP ,Ue;jhy; (kfhj;kh fhe;jp gw;wpa fhtpak;)

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

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jUK rptuhK

ngah; - jU.K. mUg; rptuhK

rpwg;Gg; ngah;fs; - gpukps;> ghDre;jpud;> m&g; rptuhk;

Ch; - jpUNfhzkiy (,yq;if fpof;F khfhzk;)

fhyk; - 20 - 04 - 1939

,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - GJf;ftpij, ftpij, tpkh;rdk;, rpWfij, Xtpak;, rpw;gk;

tpUJfs; - Fk;gNfhzk; ePyf;Fapy;> GJikg;gpj;jd; tPWtpUJ>

epA+ahh;f; tpsf;F mikg;gpd; GJikg;gpj;jd; tpUJ

rpwg;Gfs;:

❖ ghujp GJikg;gpj;jDf;F gpwF Njhd;wpa ,yf;fpa Nkij - jUK. rptuhK

❖ vOj;J gj;jphpf;ifapd; %yk; vOjj; Jtq;fpa gpukps; etPd jkpOyfpy; jdf;nfd

jdp ,lk; gpbj;jhh;.

❖ Xtpak;> rpw;gk;> ehlfk;> nkhopahf;fk; vd gyj;Jiwfspy; Gyikg; ngw;wth; - jUK.

rptuhK

❖ nksdpapd; fijj; njhFg;gpw;F ,sk; tajpNyNa Kd;Diu vOjpath; - jUK.

rptuhK

❖ ftpijf; Nfhl;ghLfSk; ghujpf;fiyAk; vDk; fl;Liu vOjpath; - jUK. rptuhK

vOjpa E}y;fs;:

❖ FWehty;fs;: Map (1990)> yq;fhGhp uh[h> gpurd;dk;;

❖ ehlfk; : el;rj;jputhrp -1993

❖ gpwE}y;fs;: ifg;gpbasT fly; - 1976> jkpopd; etPdj;jj;Jtk; 1986> kPwy; - 1993>

khh;f;Rk; khh;f;]PaKk; - 1999> gPl;lh; Xh;];yp> Nky; Nehf;fpa gazk;-1980>

ghijapy;yhg; gazk;> nta;apYk; epoYk; (,yf;fpa tpkh;rdf; fl;Liu)> aho;

ftpijfs;> fhyntspf; ftpij (mwptpay; fl;Liu)> gpukps; ftpijfs;> jpahdjhuh>

thdkw;wntsp> tpLjiyAk; fyhr;rhuKk;> tpkh;rd Coy;fs;> tpkh;rd kPl;rpfs;>

tpkh;rdh];tuk;> =yq;fh -tpd; Njrpaj; jw;nfhiy.

GfOiu:

❖ gpukps; tprpj;jpukhd gbkthjp vdf; $wpath; - rp.R. nry;yg;gh

❖ ciueilapd; mjpf gl;r rj;jpaj;ij epiwNtw;wpath; jUK rptuhK vdf; $wpath; -

rp.R. nry;yg;gh

❖ jkpopd; khNkij gpukps; vdf; $wpath; - T. [hdfpuhkd;

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

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gRta;ah

,aw;ngah; - Re;ju uhkrhkp

fhyk; - 30-05-1931 Kjy; 14-10-2005 tiu

Ch; - kfhNjth;Nfhapy; (ehfh;Nfhapy; fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lk;)

kidtp - fkyh

,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - xUGspakuj;jpd; fij, N[.N[. rpy Fwpg;Gfs;, eLeprp

eha;fs;, ahNuh xUtDf;fh

rpwg;Gg; ngah; - gRta;ah> rpwe;j gbkf; ftpQh;

❖ etPd jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j vOj;jhsh; kw;Wk; ftpQh; vd;W gy

ghpkhzq;fisf; nfhz;lth; - Re;ju uhkrhkp

❖ jd; ,isikg; gUtj;jpy; rhe;jp vd;w gj;jphpf;ifapd; Mrphpah; njh.K.rp.

uFehjdplk; kpFe;j Mh;tj;ij nfhz;bUe;jth; - Re;ju uhkrhkp

❖ njh.K. rpapdhy; khh;f;]p jj;Jtq;fspYk; <h;f;fg;gl;lth; - Re;ju uhkrhkp.

❖ njh. K. rp. Mrphpauhf ,Ue;j rhe;jp vd;w gj;jphpifapy; ftpij vOjj;

njhlq;fpath; - Re;ju uhkrhkp

❖ fdlhtpd; jkpo; ,yf;fpa Njhl;lk; vd;w mikg;G Re;ju uhkrhkp ngahpy; jkpo;

fdpikfhd tpUJfis toq;FfpwJ.

❖ nea;jy; ,yf;fpa mikg;G ,sk; gilg;ghspfSf;F Re;ju uhkrhkp tpUjpid

Mz;LNjhWk; toq;FfpwJ.

Gfo; ngw;w ehty;fs; :

• xU Gspakuj;jpd; fij

• N[.N[. rpy Fwpg;Gfs;

• Foe;ijfs; ngz;fs; Mz;fs;

ftpij njhFg;Gfs;:

❖ eLeprp eha;fs;> ahNuh xUtDf;fhf

❖ ,tUila ftpijfspd; KOj; njhFg;G 107 ftpijfs; vd;w njhFg;gpy;

ntspahfpAs;sJ.

rpWfijfs;:

❖ mf;fiu rPikapy;> jz;zPh; milf;fyk;> mfk;> ];lhk;G My;gk;> yt;T> iff;Foe;ij>

gpurhjk;> nrq;fkyKk; xU Nrhg;Gk;> fplhhp> gf;j Jsrp> xU eha;> xU rpWtd;> xU

ghk;G> yPiy> jaf;fk;> gs;sk;> lhy;];;lha; jhj;jhtpd; fij> me;j Ie;J epkplq;fs;

VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;

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nkhopngah;g;G E}y;fs;:

❖ kiyahsj;jpy; jfop vOjpa nrk;kPd;> NjNuhl;bapd; kfd; vd;w ,U ehtiyAk;

jkpopy; nkhop ngah;j;jth; -gRita;ah

tpkh;rdf; fl;Liufs;:

❖ MQikrh;> kjpg;gPLfs;> fhw;wpy; fiue;j Nguhir> thdfNk> ,s nta;apNy>

kur;nrwpNt

ftpQh; ,uh.kPdhl;rp

❖ ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;-cja efhpypUe;J, neUQ;rp, jPghtspg; gfy;, kWgazk;, kPdhl;rp

ftpijfs;, thridg; Gy;, nfhbtpsf;F, nrk;kz; kly;fs;, gwj;jy; mjd; Rje;jpuk;>

RL G+f;fs;

❖ ftpNahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujp jiyikapy; 1982 y; ele;j ftp muq;fpy; ftpijg;

ghbath; - ,uh. kPdhl;rp

❖ rp.R. nry;yg;ghtpd; vOj;J fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J vOjj; njhlq;fp ,d;W tiu njhlh;e;J

vOjp tUfpwhh;

❖ 1978 y; Nfhit mtpdhrpapy; cs;s muR cah;epiy gs;spapy; Kjd; Kiwahf ghujp

rpiy itf;f murhiz ngw;W rpiy epWtp ghujpahh; E}w;whz;L tpohit

elj;jpdhh;.

❖ I.eh. mikg;gpd; And];Nfh (UNESCO) gq;fspg;NghL jkpo; kuG> fyhr;rhuk;> tuyhW

kw;Wk; nkhop ghJfhg;G Mfpaitfspy; ,isQh;fSf;F newpahsuhf gzpahw;wpath;

- ,uh. kPdhl;rp

❖ 2006 khh;r; y; Mg;gphpf;f ,e;jpa ,isQh;fSf;F ,ilNa el;GwT ghykhf MNuhtpy;

,isQh;fs; fy;tp ikaj;ij cUthf;fpdhh;.

❖ 2008y; rhfpj;a mfhlkpAld; ,ize;J tUq;fhy ftpijAk; ftpijapd;

tUq;fhyKk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; fUj;juq;fk; elj;jpath; - ,uh. kPdhl;rp

❖ etPdj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; GJf;ftpijg; gilg;gpYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth; - ,uh.

kPdhl;rp

❖ jw;NghJ MNuhtpy; rh;tNjr efuj;jpy; njhz;lhw;wp tUfpwhh;

❖ ,th; vOjpa cja efhpypUe;J vd;Dk; E}y; jkpo;tsh;r;rpj; Jiwapd; 2006Mk;

Mz;Lf;fhd rpwe;j E}y;fspy; GJf;ftpij vDk; tifg;ghl;by; ghprpidg; ngw;wJ.