Elektrische voertuigen de transitie naar een duurzame ...Messagie, M., et.al.. (2014) A Range-Based...

Elektrische voertuigen

de transitie naar een duurzame mobiliteit Prof. Dr. ir. Joeri Van Mierlo Director of Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology Research Centre

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 2

25%

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 3 Joris Besseling

57% NOx – 25% PM

https://www.flickr.com/photos/joris_besseling/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/joris_besseling/


Jonathan C. Wheeler

1 Billion Euro’s per Day for import of Oil in Europe

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jonathanw100/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/jonathanw100/


Manon

https://www.flickr.com/photos/huizevondel/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/huizevondel/


Strong foundations

1979 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel

2014 - Vrije Universiteit Brussel

E-mobility


Streefdoel Vlaanderen 2020

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

EV vehicle models d.d. 31/12/14

Source: AVERE (2014)

11


Top 3 Barriers for EVs

Limited charging infrastructure

Limited driving range

High purchase cost


Range anxiety

– 95 to 99% trips <100km

– 30% vehicle fleet never >100km

– Improved batteries: Specific energy (Wh/kg):

– Plug-in hybrid (EV+range extender)

– Wireless Dynamic inductive charging

Lead Nickel Lithium 2020 2030

30 – 35 50 – 80 80 – 200 400 - 600 1000 - 2000?

x2 x2 x3 x3


Infrastructure needs Where is your car during one week?

Home Work

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology 17

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

Vlaanderen Walonië Brussel

Garage en parking gelegenheden in België

% aantal gebouwen met garage, parking of overdekte staanplaats / aantal gebouwen

% aantal gebouwen met garage, parking of overdekte staanplaats / aantal woongelegenheden

Bron: FOD Economie

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo MOBI - Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Technology 18

Intelligent roll-out of infrastructure


– 100 000 EVs = > +0,4

% extra electricity production

– But potential extra

demand for electricity after working hours

“Smart battery

charging” during off peak hours

Electricity production and distribution

– Battery as storage

solution?

opportunity to give

electricity back to the

grid?

Impact on life

expectancy of battery

2nd

hand market for

EV batteries (still 80%

original capacity)

How Green are Clean vehicles?

Vrije Universiteit Brussel – MOBI – Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo 22 Bert Kaufmann

https://www.flickr.com/photos/22746515@N02/

https://www.flickr.com/photos/22746515@N02/


Life Cycle Assessment

Raw

materials Production of

components

Assembly and

distribiution

Waste

Raw

materials

Refining and

transport Distribution

Usage


Ozone formation

Elementary flows

Midpoint impacts

Endpoint Damages

Climate change

Acidification

Eutrophication Fossil fuel depletion

PM formation

Land use Human toxicity

Radiation Eco toxicity

Ozone depletion

CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, … and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)

Human health

Ecosystem Resource

availability

Single score

Mineral depletion

Water use

Inventory model

Raw materials Production of

components

Assembly and

distribiution

Waste

Raw materials Refining and

production

Distribution

Usage

WTT Maintenance

Production

TTW

Road

infrastructure 25

FU: 209,470 km (14.1 years, 14,856 km/yr)


Ozone formation

Elementary flows

Midpoint impacts

Climate change

Acidification

Eutrophication Fossil fuel depletion

PM formation

Land use Human toxicity

Radiation Eco toxicity

Ozone depletion

CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, Cd, Benzene, iron ore, hard coal, land use, … and other elementary flows (emissions and resources)

Mineral depletion

Water use

Inventory model

Raw materials Production of

components

Assembly and

distribiution

Waste

Raw materials Refining and

production

Distribution

Usage

WTT Maintenance

Production

TTW

Road

infrastructure

27

Single score


Air quality in Belgium


Life cycle air quality

! Geographical & Temporal Resolution in LCA


Vehicle

database

Parameterized LCI model

Monte Carlo

assessment

Vehicle segmentation

Data fitting

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,1

0,12

970

1035

.4

1100

.8

1166

.2

1231

.6

1297

1362

.4

1427

.8

1493

.2

Den

sity

Weight [kg]

Parameterized vehicle-LCA model

30


Single score

Messagie, M., et.al.. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment

Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle

Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES Volume: 7 Issue: 3 Pages: 1467-1482


Influence of the electricity mix

Ref: Messagie, M., et.al. (2014) A Range-Based Vehicle Life Cycle Assessment

Incorporating Variability in the Environmental Assessment of Different Vehicle

Technologies and Fuels. ENERGIES 33

How affordable are Clean Vehicles?


TCO methodology


Passenger cars – medium cars


Passenger cars – premium cars


Company cars – medium cars


Company cars – premium cars


Electrification: 1 mln. additional jobs in 2030 in EU 2 mln. additional jobs in 2050 in EU

41 Source: Fuelling EUROPE’S Future, 2013


Fun to drive and ….


Prof. Joeri Van Mierlo

Phone +32 2 629 28 03

Email [email protected]

Office Building Z (ZE109)

Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels

mobi.vub.ac.be

twitter.com/MOBI_VUB

Mobility, Logistics and Automotive Research centre

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Elektrische voertuigen de transitie naar een duurzame ...Messagie, M., et.al.. (2014) A Range-Based...

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