Country Strategy Paper 2014-2018 - Irish Aid...2012 MDG report for Africa and the 2013 Government of...

Country Strategy Paper 2014-2018

Tigray

AmharaAfar

Dire Dawa

Oromiya

SNNPR

Tigray

Somali

Gambella

BenishangulGumuz

AddisAbaba

E T H I O P I A

S O M A L I A

D J I B O U T I

Y E M E NS U D A N

S O U T HS U D A N

D R C

E R I T R E A

K E N Y A

Contents1. Executive Summary 3

2. Country Analysis 4

3. The Development Context 8

4. Irish Cooperation to Date and Lessons Learned 12

5. Our planned Contribution to Irish policy goals 13

6. Goal and Objectives 14

7. The Plan 16

8. Results, Monitoring and Performance Measurement Frameworks 24

9. The Budget 25

List of Tables

Table 1: Ethiopia’s Progress towards Attaining the MDGs 6

Table 2: 2014-2018 Programme Budget € millions 25

List of Annexes

Annex 1. The Logic Model 27

Annex 2. Results Framework 28

Annex 3. CSP Performance Assessment 38

Cover: An Ethiopian woman selling locally grown tomatoes, chilli peppers and onions. Thanks to

the small scale irrigation initiatives it is now possible to grow irrigated vegetable crops and improve

food security. Photo: Irish Aid.

1Ethiopia Country Strategy Paper 2014–2018

AcronymsEPRDF Ethiopia People’s Revolutionary and Democratic Front

E-DHS Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey

GTP Growth and Transformation Plan

ODA Official Development Assistance

PBS Protection of Basic Services

PFM Public Financial Management

PSNP Productive Safety Nets Programme

SNNPR Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region

Woreda Equivalent to a county, main unit of administration and local Government

Ethiopia basic facts

Ethiopia Ireland

Total population: 86.5 million 4.6 million

Position on UN HDI: 173 out of 187 countries 7 out of 187 countries

GDP per capita: $513 (Government estimate) $35,640

Adult Literacy 39% n.a.

Life Expectancy 59.7 years 80.7 years

HIV / AIDS (2010): 2.1% 0.1%

Source: UNDP, 2013

2 Ethiopia Country Strategy Paper 2014–2018

1. Executive Summary

Ireland has had a long term engagement with Ethiopia having enjoyed an on-the-ground presence since 1994. Like other Key Partner Countries, Ireland’s engagement has been guided by a series of Country Strategic Plans (CSP). This new CSP builds upon a successful 2008-2012 programme which was subject to an independent evaluation and was extended for one year to the end of 2013. The evaluators considered the aid programme a success and that it has contributed positively to improving the lives and welfare of poor Ethiopians.

Much has changed in Ireland since the last CSP was formulated. A new Government policy document for International Development, One World, One Future, was launched in May 2013 setting out Ireland’s priorities for the years ahead.

Ethiopia has also witnessed significant change over the past six years. Ethiopia has been one of the world’s fastest growing economies in recent years with IMF and World Bank growth estimates over 7% per annum. The 2012 MDG report for Africa and the 2013 Government of Ethiopia’s annual progress report on its Growth and Transformation Plan, notes impressive gains.

Ethiopia is one of the best performers in human development globally. It’s score on the UN Human Development Index has increased by 32% in the last decade. The proportion of people in Ethiopia living below the poverty line fell from 45.5% in 1995/96 to 27.6% in 2011/12, a decline of about one third. However, against this positive trajectory, concerns around the long term impact of climate change and population growth on recent development highlights some of the challenges ahead.

The Irish Embassy will implement a focused programme, which will contribute to the EU+ Strategy1, Ireland’s new policy on international development and Ethiopia’s own development plans. The CSP has one outcome focusing on the health, nutrition and resilience of poor households to economic, social and environmental shocks. There are two objectives: (1) to improve the abilities of poor rural households to respond and adapt to the affects of climate change and other shocks; and (2) to improve the nutrition and health of poor rural women and children.

A mix of aid modalities will be maintained in order to achieve the objectives from a number of angles and to spread risk. A performance and results framework has been developed in order to demonstrate the contribution that Irish Aid is making to the lives of poor people in Ethiopia.

1 The EU+ strategy is a joint programming strategy comprising EU member states and Norway

Rural Tigray. Photo: Irish Aid


2. Country Analysis

EconomicEthiopia has been one of the fastest growing economies in Africa in recent years with growth averaging 8 to 10% annually every year since 2008. In 2013, the origins of GDP growth were as follows: Agriculture (9%), Industry (9%) and Services (5.7%).

Public spending on basic social services has increased significantly in recent years and is delivering strong results. The government is committed to major infrastructural projects, such as the Great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, as set out in the Growth and Transformation Plan.

Inflation and poverty are inextricably linked; it is estimated that for every 1% increase in inflation, poverty levels may rise by up to 0.5%. Inflation remains a persistent drag on growth and, given its link to poverty, on development too. Significant progress has been made in reducing inflation through tightening monetary policy and by implementing a tight national budget.

The federal Government has improved revenue collection in recent years, particularly through indirect taxes such as import tariffs. However, more could be done to raise domestic revenue through reducing tax exemptions and increasing incentives to pay tax.

Ethiopia’s trade balance resulted in a $7.9 billion deficit in 2012, an increase of 43% on the previous year and imports generally increased by 33.5%. However, despite a continued trade imbalance, exports rose by 14.8% in 2010/11. Areas of particular export growth were oil seeds, fruit and vegetables, live animals, textiles, gold, meat, pulses and flowers.

Logistical problems remain a significant limiting factor on Ethiopia’s ability to trade. Ethiopia’s only easily accessible port is Djibouti which is subject to regular delays and high costs. Ethiopia’s foreign exchange reserves are currently running at less than three months import cover.

Ethiopia’s economy is relatively exposed to the risk of external shocks, for example a downturn in major export markets. Ethiopia is also particularly vulnerable to price fluctuations in the energy sector, due in large part to its reliance on imports of oil and coal. Increases in Ethiopia’s energy production through hydroelectric dams are expected to ease this and will increase exports as Ethiopia begins to sell electricity to neighbouring states.

PoliticalEthiopia is a federal republic of nine states which largely reflects the country’s ethnic make-up. The federal assembly consists of the house of People’s Representatives (lower house) which has 547 directly-elected members. The Council of the Federation (upper house) has 108 members. The nine regional state councils have limited powers – including that of appointing members to the Council of the Federation.

The Prime Minister is chosen by the parliament. The current Prime Minister is Hailemariam Desalegn. The President is appointed by the House of People’s Representatives and the President’s role is largely ceremonial. The current President is Dr Mulatu Teshome.

The ruling coalition, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), has essentially been in power since 1991. The coalition evolved from four groups: the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), the Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), the Southern Ethiopia People’s Democratic Movement (SEPDM) and the Oromo People’s Democratic Organisation (OPDO). Most recently, the EPRDF won all but two seats in parliament following the May 2010 election. The next general election is scheduled for 2015. Opposition parties include the Unity for Democracy (UDJ), the United Ethiopian Democratic Party-Medhin (UEDP-Mehin), the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces (UEDF) and the Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement (OFDM).

The Government has publicly committed itself to three fundamental reform processes: decentralisation of the state, with the introduction of a system of ‘ethnic’ or ‘multinational’ federalism; democratisation of its politics, under a multi-party electoral system; and liberalisation of the economy, in a neo-liberal international climate.

Ethiopia is a member of the African Union (which is headquartered in Addis Ababa), the UN and within the UN the G77, and its sub-group, the G24.


In 2013, Ethiopia reached the fourth and final stage of negotiations to join the World Trade Organisation. However, significant adjustments were still required in order to meet succession requirements.

Ethiopia’s private sector is growing and has the potential to be a significant contributor to the Government’s goal of reaching middle-income status by 2025. Currently, private corporations represent just 27% of GDP and over 80% of the private sector comes from the informal economy, especially agriculture.

Ethiopia-Ireland Trade RelationsTrade with Ethiopia is small. In 2012, Ethiopia was Ireland’s 107th largest merchandise trading partner, with trade between Ireland and Ethiopia worth €14.9 million. Exports were valued at €14.7 million and imports at €0.2 million. Principal merchandise exports to Ethiopia (as classified by the Central Statistics Office) are essential oils (extracts and concentrates for the food and beverages industry), perfume materials and miscellaneous edible products and preparations (including infant formula).

Governance and Human Rights In January 2013, the World Bank launched a report Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia. The report, which was co-authored by the Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission of Ethiopia, attempted for the first time to map the nature of corruption in eight sectors2 in the country. The report suggests that corrupt practice in the delivery of basic services is comparatively low and is likely to be much lower than in other low-income countries. The report also notes however that the faster growing sectors, such as construction and telecommunications, are areas of potential concern.

Ethiopia has two key human rights institutions – the National Human Rights Commission and the Institute of the Ombudsman – both established in 2004. There is some recent progress in activities such as awareness raising, setting up branch offices, research, following up complaints and investigations of human rights abuses. There is some collaboration with civil society, although this is limited due to the current restrictive legislation in place.

2 The sectors covered are health, education, water, justice, construction, land, telecommunications and mining.

Ethiopia has one of the lowest rates of internet (1 to 2% of the population) and mobile telephone (around 20% of the population) penetration on the continent3.

A unit within the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development has been established which is tasked with coordinating donor funding for development programmes in Ethiopia. Considerable progress has also been noted in the roll out and implementation of the Government’s automated budget and financial reporting package (IBEX).

The 2011/2012 report of the Office of Federal Auditor General was presented to the Parliament in April 2013. In 2013, there was a marked increase in attention from all public bodies including the Parliament, Prime Minister’s Office and regional governments, which will strengthen the follow up.

A fragile truce has existed between Ethiopia and Eritrea since the signing of a peace agreement in 2000. Ethiopia has long been associated with military engagement in Somalia. Conflict elsewhere in the region continues to affect Ethiopia, with the country playing host to an increased number of refugees from Sudan, South Sudan and northern Kenya. The Ethiopian Prime Minister has played a prominent role, in his capacity as Chairman of the Assembly of the African Union and Chair of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development4, to resolve the issues between Sudan and South Sudan.

3 This is expected to increase. Ethiopia has signed an $800 million contract with China’s ZTE to introduce high-speed 4G broadband internet services for the capital, Addis Ababa, and 3G services for the rest of the country.

4 IGAD is an organisation of six eastern African countries focused on drought control and development initiatives.

Truck overloaded with people just outside the town of Konso, Southern Ethiopia. Photo: Noel Gavin/Allpix


Progress towards Millennium Development Goals Ethiopia is one of the best performers in human development globally. Its score on the UN Human Development Index has increased by 32% in the last decade. The 2012 MDG report for Africa and Ethiopia’s own interim poverty report published in 2012 note positive progress towards many of the MDGs. The table below sets out the current status of progress which informs the development of this CSP.

Table 1: Ethiopia’s Progress towards Attaining the MDGs5

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerThe proportion of people below the poverty line in Ethiopia has declined from 44.5% in 1995 to 27.6% in 2011/12. While poverty is higher in rural areas, the gap has been narrowing. Food poverty is also declining. Ethiopia’s hunger index (equally weighted three indicators, i.e., undernourishment, child underweight and child mortality) declined from 43.2 in 1990 to 28.7 in 2010/11. The 33.6% decline in the hunger index compares well to the 18% average decline by Sub-Saharan Africa countries or the world at large (26%). Stunting of children under five has declined from 57.8% in 2000 to 44.4% in 2011 (E-DHS). Underweight has declined from 42.1% to 28.7% over the same period. Under nutrition costs the Ethiopian economy €4 billion per year.

2. Achieve universal primary educationThe proportion of boys and girls in school in Ethiopia has continued to increase. Net Enrolment Rate, that is the number of children of official primary school age that are enrolled in primary school, increased from 77.5% in 2005/06 to 91.8% in 2010/11 in the lower cycle and from 37.6 to 47.3% in the upper cycle of primary education, putting net enrolment at primary education (Grade 1 – 8) at 85.4% in 2012. However, the number of children finishing school has dropped. Primary education completion rates remains low at 51.2% (2012).

3. Promote gender equality and empower womenGender parities at primary and secondary education are continuously improving, reaching 0.90 and 0.79, respectively. The Total Fertility Rate has declined from 5.9 to 4.8 between 2000 and 2011. The median age at first marriage in Ethiopia has increased from 16.1 years in 2005 to 16.5 years in 2011. The prevalence of Female Genital Cutting has declined to 24% for children 0-14 years (Welfare Monitoring Survey 2011).

4. Reduce child mortalityIn 2013, UNICEF announced that Ethiopia has reached its goal of reducing child mortality by two thirds down from 166 (the average for the period 1995 to 2000) to 67 per 1,000 births. These figures however hide income disparity. According to the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (2011) the under five mortality rate was 86 for the richest wealth quintile and 137 for the poorest.The children of women with higher education had an under five mortality rate of only 24.

5 UNDP

Achieved Partially achieved Off track


Table 1: Ethiopia’s Progress towards Attaining the MDGs (continued)

5. Improve maternal healthThe percentage of Ethiopian mothers attended by skilled birth attendants increased from 5.6 to 10% over the period 2006-2011. This remains unacceptably low. The E-DHS does not indicate a major decline in maternal mortality rates. The rate in 2000 was 871, in 2005 was 673 and in 2011 was 676.

6. Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria and other diseasesThe HIV prevalence in Ethiopia was 1.5% among the adult population in 2011 (E-DHS 2011) up slightly from the estimated 1.4% in 2005 (E-DHS 2005). However, a proxy indicator for incidence is the antenatal surveillance data on HIV prevalence among 15-24 year old pregnant women has declined substantially from 12.4% in 2001 to 2.6% in 2009. According to the Malaria Indicator Survey (2011) the percentage of children under five who slept under a net in households with at least one net declined from 34.7 to 30.3 between 2008 and 2011. The number of children under five with diarrhoea who were taken to health care professionals increased from 13.3% in 2000 to 31.8% in 2011 (E-DHS, 2011).

7. Ensure environmental sustainabilityEthiopia has one of the lowest carbon emission rates per capita in the world. The percentage of households using improved drinking water has increased from 25.3% to 53.7% between 2000 and 2011 (E-DHS). The percentage of households using improved sanitation facilities has increased from 0.6% to 8.3%. Households practising open defecation have declined from 81.9% to 38.3% over the same period.

8. Develop a global partnership for developmentPerformance with regard to MDG 8 is varied in Ethiopia with limited progress on indicators such as the development of an open trading and financing system. Mobile phone penetration and internet user rates remain amongst the lowest in the world. The proportion of revenue generated from domestic tax ranks amongst the lowest in the continent in spite of a major push to increase this in recent years. The latest figures available from the OECD show that net ODA received by Ethiopia for the year 2010 was $US 3,529 million. However, there are indications of a commitment from Government to respond to elements of this goal, but in a paced and step-wise manner unlikely to see completion by 2015.

Achieved Partially achieved Off track


3. The Development Context

Poverty and Vulnerability Ethiopia’s policies, supported by development assistance, are delivering impressive results but the levels of poverty and vulnerability remain amongst the highest in the world. Government estimates that per capita income had risen to US$513 in 2012. This is a significant increase on previous years.

The most recent review of progress against the GTP6 records the proportion of people living below the poverty line of US$1.25 per day as having fallen from 45.5% in 1995/96 to 27.6% in 2011/12, a decline of about one third. Over the period 1995 to 2011, poverty declined at an annual average rate of 2.32% as against 0.5% for Africa (excluding North Africa). Ethiopia is just 7 percentage points from the 2015 GTP target, and will reach it if this trend continues. A poverty headcount of 27.6% however, still translates into a population of approximately 23.87 million people living in extreme poverty. Hunger and malnutrition continue to pose major challenges with an under five stunting rate of 44%.

Drivers and manifestations of poverty While there are clear efforts noted on the part of Government to address the challenge of population growth, analysts still predict a continued and rapid growth rate. Currently the second most populous country in Africa, Ethiopia is expected to have a population close to 120 million in 2025, the year it plans to attain middle-income status. The pace of population growth will be influenced by the age of the population; currently almost half of Ethiopia’s 86 million people are aged 14 and under. This has implications for public service delivery and job creation in the years ahead. Youth unemployment is estimated to be 23.3% in urban areas.

6 Growth and Transformation Plan

Population Growth projection for Ethiopia (source UN population division)

Climate change has introduced greater uncertainty into development decision-making, not least by emphasising the potential trade-off between short-term development gains and longer-term socio-economic transformation, particularly among the poor. Reducing people’s vulnerability to climate change is closely linked to Irish Aid’s poverty reduction mandate, since poverty is both a condition and determinant of vulnerability.

Food insecurity will continue to be of critical concern for the future. While agricultural production has increased, Ethiopia is still dependent on commercial food imports and food aid.

Humanitarian food needs are in addition to the seven million people who are in receipt of assistance under the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) which provides cash and/or food transfers for people who would otherwise need food aid through emergency channels.

Ethiopia is making progress towards nutrition security, especially in the reduction of both stunting and underweight prevalence, which have decreased respectively from 58% to 44% and 42% to 29% over the last decade (E-DHS, 2011). However, stunting still represents a major challenge to sustained development with the decline in incidence being less than 0.5% per year (significantly lower than the Scaling Up Nutrition target of >2% per year). The annual cost associated with child under-nutrition is estimated at Ethiopian birr 55.5 billion (approximately €2 billion) which is equivalent to 16.5% of GDP7.

7 The Cost of Hunger in Ethiopia: Implications for the Growth and Transformation of Ethiopia, June 2013.

0

5

10

15

20

0

50

100

150

200

1950 2009 2015 2025 2050

Po

pu

lati

on

(m

illio

ns)


The health sector has recorded some impressive developments in recent years. Recent data (E-DHS) indicates the following improvements in health indicators which occurred between 2005 and 2011:

> Under five mortality reduced from 123 to 88 per 1,000 live births

> Contraceptive prevalence rate increased from 15% to 29%

> Mortality and morbidity from malaria has declined by more than 50% since 2003

> 65% of eligible HIV patients are in receipt of ARV treatment

> Child immunisation rate increased from 70% in 2005 to 82% in 2010

However with a maternal mortality rate of 676 per 100,000 pregnancies (E-DHS, 2011) Ethiopia is significantly behind in meeting its target of reducing maternal mortality by three-quarters by the end of 2015.

Who are the poor?The most recent poverty analysis report by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development suggests that while poverty rates are improving overall, the severity of poverty being experienced in some rural areas is intensifying relative to urban areas.

The Ministry of Finance and Economic Development’s interim poverty analysis published in 2012 showed significant regional variations in absolute and food poverty levels. Afar, Tigray and Somali ranked as the poorest areas, with Addis Ababa, Harari and Dire Dawa municipalities being cited as the wealthiest. In terms of food poverty, Amhara, Tigray and Beneshangul Gumez were recorded as amongst the most food insecure.

Poverty is still predominantly more of a rural phenomenon8 - there are very visible differences in levels of poverty and access to services between rural and urban areas. This is despite urban populations growing faster than the national average; an estimated 6,000 people per week move to urban areas. This is leading to significant stress on planning, the provision of basic services and the development of infrastructure. However, urban populations are now contributing a larger share to GDP growth. For example, Addis Ababa, with 4% of the population of the country, contributes about 35% of GDP growth.

8 The gap in poverty between rural and urban areas was narrowing until 2004/05, but has slightly widened since.

In terms of gender inequality, some successes have been noted with regard to political commitments to eliminate the worst extremes of inequality. For example, positive legislation around early marriage and harmful traditional practices has been introduced. Women hold 27.8% of seats in parliament, ranking 36th in the world - several places ahead of Ireland (ranked 89th) and make up 13% of cabinet Ministers (up from 7%).

Children, the elderly and people with disabilities typically rank amongst the most vulnerable of any population. While only 3.2% of the population are recorded as being over the age of 65, over half the population are children. People with disabilities are officially estimated to form 1.09% of the population.

Ethiopia has managed to contain the rate at which HIV and AIDS has affected the population. The estimated incidence rate of 1.5% has been made possible though a good track record in detection and treatment – and with massive development partner support. However, the risks remain high to certain groups of individuals, in particular commercial sex workers, truck drivers, and members of the military and police and their families.

In addition to the cyclical nature of humanitarian need in Ethiopia, the country has recently experienced an increase in the number of refugees. Ethiopia is now host to some 370,000 refugees: the largest groups are Somalis (56%), Sudanese and South Sudanese (23%) and Eritreans (17%). A further 350,000 people are classified as internally displaced and are living in marginalised, poorly serviced areas of the country.

Mr Gebre-Mariam a farmer in Begasheska, Tigray region, with improved chickpeas. This new crop was tested under the Operational Research programme and grown with residual soil moisture, which has increased following the watershed rehabilitation undertaken as part of the programme. Photo: Irish Aid.


The Development FrameworkEthiopia’s development is guided by a five year national development plan known as the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP). The GTP, which runs from 2010-2015, aims to maintain 11% GDP growth and achieve the MDG’s within the context of a sustainable macroeconomic framework. It focuses on seven strategic pillars which the Government view as integral to development. These are:

> sustaining, rapid and equitable economic growth;

> maintaining agriculture as a major source of economic growth;

> creating conditions for industry to play a key role in the economy;

> enhancing expansion and quality of infrastructure development;

> enhancing expansion and quality of social development;

> building capacity and deepening good governance;

> and promoting gender and youth empowerment and equity.

Complementing the GTP, in 2011, the Government announced its intention to achieve middle-income status by 2025 on the basis of a green economy developmental model. An ambitious strategy has been set out in the Climate Resilient Green Economy initiative. The Government is committed to ensuring that the current high levels of economic growth are maintained in an environmentally sustainable manner and that in the future they avoid ‘the negative environmental patterns associated with economic growth around the globe’.

The initiative centres on four key areas: 1) Improving crop and livestock production practices for higher food security and farmer income while reducing emissions; 2) protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem services, including as carbon stocks; 3) expanding electricity generation from renewable sources of energy for domestic and regional markets; and 4) leapfrogging to modern and energy efficient technologies. The policy, implementation and financing framework are currently under development.

Development FinancingThe Ethiopian Budget

The 2012/13 budget9 has been approved at ETB 135.7 billion (US$ 7.3 billion) showing an increase of about 17% over the previous year.

Of the 2012/13 budget, 18.2% is planned for recurrent spending and 40.1% is earmarked for capital expenditure. The largest portion, 41.7%, of the federal Government budget is planned for transfer to regional Governments through the federal block grant and the MDG fund.

The federal Government has improved revenue collection in recent years. However, at 13.2% of the budget in 2012, it remains below the sub-Saharan African average.

External financing

In gross terms Ethiopia is one of the top aid recipients in sub-Saharan Africa. However, when this is compared to the size of its population, Ethiopia is comparatively under-funded in comparison to other sub-Saharan African states; over the period 2008-2012, the 2010 ODA per capita was approximately $40.

Ethiopia still remains relatively aid-dependent with an ODA to gross national income (GNI) ratio of 11.3% in 2011, down from 15.7% in 2005 when the economy was smaller. According to the OECD-DAC, ODA to Ethiopia amounted to US$3.563 billion in 2012. Ireland’s total contribution (including through civil society and multilateral channels) in 2012 was $46 million, 1.3%, and was ranked 13th largest of OECD donor partners. UNDP believes that grants to Ethiopia in 2012 fell by 22% compared to 2011 due to the financial crisis.

Donor Harmonisation and EU Joint ProgrammingOver the last few years the ‘aid landscape’ has gradually changed, with non-traditional bilateral donors such as China, India and the Gulf States increasingly engaged in Ethiopia. Soft loans, grants and technical assistance provided by these countries have made these relationships increasingly important. As a result, the overall share of EU financial flows to the country has gradually diminished. Philanthropic assistance by US grant-makers to Ethiopia is estimated at US$74.5 million between 2003 and 2011, with average annual flows of US$8.3 million. Remittances in 2012 are estimated, by UNDP, to be US$1.9 billion. Ethiopia has also been a recipient of assistance from the Global Fund to fight

9 Ethiopian Financial Year 2005


AIDs, TB and Malaria. since 2003 and received assistance in each funding round. Ethiopia is the 13th largest recipient of climate finance at global level and the second largest recipient in sub-Saharan Africa after Kenya, having received a total so far of US$107 million in commitments since 200310.

The Development Assistance Group (with a secretariat based in UNDP) comprises 26 bilateral and multilateral donor agencies, coordinating in various technical working groups, and working collectively to an agreed workplan. Ethiopia has no formal aid management strategy but instead aligns donor commitments to its priorities as set out in the GTP. For the Government, predictability, particularly multi-year predictability, alignment with national priorities, and the use of country systems, are key priorities. Priorities of development partners include sector policy dialogue, managing for results and strengthening mutual accountability. The local emphasis on results and development effectiveness also reflects the current trend in the international aid debate11.

Within the Development Assistance Group, the EU Delegation and member states are at the forefront of promoting aid effectiveness – and have been working towards a clear division of labour in line with European Council Conclusions. Thirteen EU member states and the

10 The age of choice: Ethiopia in the new aid landscape: Annalisa Prizzon and Andrew Rogerson, ODI, January 2013

11 EU+ Joint Cooperation Strategy, 2013.

European Commission have aid programmes. In January 2013, EU Heads of Mission endorsed an EU+ Norway Joint Programme. The Joint Programme is in response to commitments made by the EU in Busan and in the Agenda for Change to better coordinate development efforts in order to have a greater impact. The Joint Programme defines the EU mutual development priorities as Governance, Regional Economic Integration, Economic and Private Sector Development, Human and Social Development, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security, Gender, Environment and Climate Change, Capacity Building and Quality Data and Improved Monitoring and Evaluation. Member States are encouraged to fit their programming within this agenda and to provide indicative financial allocations per sector. Whilst these mutual development priorities are very broad they are an important step towards initiating EU joint programming.

The implications of the EU+ Joint Programme in Ethiopia will become more evident over the course of the CSP. The Embassy will continue to work with the EU on developing a joint results framework (which the CSP results framework will contribute towards) and support a more coherent EU line in policy dialogue with the Government. In the medium term there will be discussions with member states on implications for any joint evaluation work in the future. Throughout this process, the Embassy will try to distil lessons for the wider Irish Aid programme and share these with other Key Partner Countries who will be developing joint EU programmes in the future.

Local market in Tigray. Photo: Irish Aid.


4. Irish Cooperation to Date and Lessons Learned

CSP 2008-2012The 2008-2012 CSP had as its overall goal the reduction of the vulnerability of the poorest Ethiopian women, men, girls and boys.

The 2010 Mid Term Review (MTR) resulted in the CSP being refined to better reflect the emerging hunger agenda, strengthen monitoring to improve results, and exit from direct support to HIV as a sub-sector. The MTR also agreed to reduce the number of objectives and made a commitment to rationalise the number of partnerships and programmes managed by the programme in response to a reduced budget.

In 2012, The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade agreed to extend the CSP for a year to allow greater scope to align the new CSP more closely with the EU Joint Programming initiative, to give space for the new CSP to take account of the evaluation and allow the programme to take account of the White Paper review.

During the mid-term review and in the CSP evaluation the benefits of using a mix of aid modalities were highlighted and reaffirmed for implementation and good risk management. In 2013, the funding per aid channel is as follows:

2013 Expenditure Channels

> 55% of the programme is through federal level engagement.

> 9% of the programme is through our regional engagement in Tigray and SNNPR.

> Support to civil society, both in the regions and more generally stands at about 34%.

CSP 2014-2018This new CSP is informed by the Evaluation of the Country Strategy 2008-2012. The evaluators considered the programme a success and that it made a strong contribution to improving the lives and welfare of poor people. They recommended that there was no need for a major change of programme direction, more an adjustment of interventions and ways of working. It was further recommended that Irish Aid consider its mix of modalities, and given the likely financial envelope available for the CSP, recommended that Ireland choose one of the two large public sector programmes to fund.

Regional programming has been a prominent strand of the Irish Aid portfolio in Ethiopia since the establishment of the programme. Recent reviews and evaluations have all recommended that Irish Aid continue regional support.

Erosion protection measures visible in the landscape. Photo: Tara Shine.

CSOs and UN Bodies 23%

Regional Government 9%

Regional Focussed CSOs 11%

Federal Government 55%

Admin 2%


5. Our Planned Contribution to Irish Policy Goals

Alignment with the Africa StrategyA whole-of-Embassy-approach looks at the areas of work beyond the development programme, to explore synergies between Irish Aid programmes and two-way trade and investment, focussing on achieving added value in programmes and activities on the ground; and ensuring a coherent approach across the political, economic and development work of the Embassy.

The development programme is the main way in which the Embassy will contribute to the Africa Strategy. The Ambassador in Addis Ababa is also accredited to the African Union and the Republic of South Sudan. The Embassy’s other responsibilities include consular support and cultural relations.

The whole-of-Embassy approach includes key economic, consular and political outputs in addition to the development outputs. The Embassy aims to work towards the conclusion of a Double Taxation Agreement with Ethiopia and a better business environment for Irish companies seeking to work in Ethiopia. On the consular side, it aims to support the Ethiopian authorities’ capacity to ratify and implement the Hague Convention on Inter-country Adoption. On the political side, the Embassy aims to contribute to increased knowledge within the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade on Ethiopian, South Sudanese and cross-cutting African Union issues and perspectives, to include regular visits to South Sudan; and to foster a deeper engagement with the trade and economic commissions of the African Union and the UN Economic Commission for Africa.

Alignment with the new One World, One Future PolicyThe CSP will align closely with the One World, One Future policy, in particular with regard to the commitments on hunger, resilience, better governance and accountability. Implementing this CSP will be an important contribution to realising the goals of the new policy.

Coherence across Irish AidThe Embassy has direct management responsibility for the bilateral programme. In addition, grants are allocated to other organisations by Irish Aid HQ.12. The Embassy has been pro-active in its engagement with these organisations, and meets with them on a regular basis in order to strengthen synergies across all Irish funding in Ethiopia.

Headquarters funding has also been provided to a number of Ethiopian universities through the Programme for Strategic Cooperation. This support has focused on Mekelle, Haramaya and Addis Ababa universities and the Ethiopian Development Research Institute. This engagement offers opportunities to draw upon academic contacts and views which can further strengthen engagement in Ethiopia.

12 An analysis of Ireland’s overall ODA allocation to Ethiopia in 2012 showed that an additional €5.6m was allocated by HQ in addition to the bilateral budget. This total excludes indirect contributions that cannot be easily identified (e.g. Global Funds and EDF contributions).

Watershed rehabilitation is a core part of Irish Aid’s approach. Hillsides are now greener and groundwater levels have risen so that farmers are able to build ponds and wells and invest in small scale irrigation. Photo: Irish Aid.


The Goal of the Ethiopia programme 2014-2018 is “to support Ethiopia’s growth and poverty reduction plans so that the poor benefit from, and contribute to, equitable economic, social and environmental development”.

The programme has been designed to contribute to one outcome, which reflects a joined-up programme focused on household resilience. The programme also aims to maximise Ireland’s contribution to the EU+ Joint Programme and Division of Labour with other partners. This outcome reflects a further rationalisation of the programme, compared to the outcomes pursued under the last CSP.

Outcome: Poor, rural, households are more resilient to economic, social, and environmental stresses and shocks

In working toward this outcome, the programme has taken its lead from the priority areas for action in One World One Future. Tackling hunger and under-nutrition, improving maternal health, strengthening civil society, supporting livelihoods to respond to the challenge of climate change and working with the most vulnerable through social protection programmes, represents how, taken together, Ireland can make a positive contribution to household resilience. While working in each of these areas is worthy in itself, the connection between the different strands of the programme will ensure the value added of Ireland’s contributions to the resilience agenda in Europe.

Objective 1To improve the abilities of poor rural households to respond and adapt to the affects of climate change and other shocks

Objective 2To improve the nutrition and health of poor rural women and children

The focus will be on the poorest rural households, including those supported by the PSNP and those affected by shocks, especially drought. By working with the poorest, it will help to ensure that the poorest have the opportunity to benefit from and contribute to Ethiopia’s sustainable development.

Rural poverty, nutrition and health are closely linked. Ireland will promote nutrition interventions targeting women and children in line with the One World One Future and Scaling-Up Nutrition initiatives. Work will also be undertaken with partners to address maternal mortality problems – recognising that this is one of the MDGs which Ethiopia is unlikely to meet.

OutputsFive outputs will contribute to the two objectives.

Output 1Transitory and chronically vulnerable rural people have access to a targeted, accountable and increasingly sustainable safety net

Output 2Rural livelihoods that are climate-smart, gender and nutrition sensitive supported and promoted to scale

Output 3Civil society supported to play their role in Ethiopia’s development

Output 4Increased use of improved maternal health care services by poor women

Output 5Improved feeding practices and consumption of a better quality diet by under 5 children, adolescent girls, and women

6. Goals and Objectives


Strategies In order to support the achievements of the outcome, objectives and outputs, Ireland will prioritise the following strategies:

A) Contribute to development effectiveness

Consistent with the principles agreed in the Busan Partnership for Effective Development, work will continue through partners in order to strengthen national capacity, sustainability and ownership of development. Opportunities will be identified for Ireland’s assistance to be catalytic and lever additional resources from the private sector and other development partners. Ethiopia’s own country systems will, where possible, be used to engage, with mutual accountability, mechanisms which monitor Busan commitments. Ireland will continue to be an active member of the Development Assistance Group and will promote dialogue on development effectiveness within the partner community and with Government. In accordance with Busan, and captured explicitly in output 3, support to civil society will continue to play a legitimate and important role in Ethiopia’s development.

B) Mainstream Governance, HIV and AIDS, Gender and the Environment across the programme

It is recognised that Governance, HIV and AIDS, Gender and the Environment can all have a major impact on the results the CSP is working to achieve. These issues will be practically addressed through:

> Systematically analysing these issues when appraising projects and programmes

> Judging impact by including indicators where possible in results frameworks with partners

> Consistent inclusion of cross-cutting issues in policy dialogue

> Internal training and support

C) Prioritise results-based management and learning to inform decision making

Ireland is fully committed to results-based management. Over the course of the CSP, Ireland’s and our partners’ capacities will be increased to generate evidence by better measurement and reporting on results. Baselines and results frameworks with all our partners will be established. On an annual basis and in the planned Mid-Term Review (2016), partnerships will be assessed to ensure that they are delivering on the CSP results. Where a partnership no longer fits, the hard decisions will be made.

Underpinning the approach to results-based management will be a more orderly approach to learning which will allow for better resource allocation and maximum impact. The focus will be on the results of the programme and how Irish Aid is working to achieve these results. This will be done by developing personal expertise; team learning and in-programme learning.

D) Further improve internal systems for better results and more accountable partnerships

Work will continue to strengthen capacities for financial and technical monitoring of all Irish Aid Ethiopia funded partnerships.

A mix of aid modalities will be maintained in order to achieve the objectives from a number of angles and to spread risk. The shape of the funding modalities is estimated to be as follows:

> 55% of the programme will be through federal-level Government engagement

> 9% of the programme will be through our regional engagement in Tigray and SNNPR

> 34% of the programme will be through civil society and the UN

> 2% on programme quality and administration

Hawzien health centre, Lab technician Berhe Desalegn peers through a microscope. Photo: Richard Moore-O’Farrell.


This section sets out the context for each output, the theory of change and the ways in which Irish Aid will work to achieve the results. In some cases the partners are identified, however some flexibility will be retained to allow for managing for development results. Taken together, the five outputs represent Irish Aid’s contribution to the resilience agenda in Ethiopia. The details of results, indicators and activities that support each of the outputs are included in Annex 1 on the Logic Model, Annex 2 on the Results Frameworks and the Annex 3 on Performance Measurement Framework.

Output 1: Transitory and chronically vulnerable rural people have access to a targeted, accountable and increasingly sustainable safety net

Problem Statement

Ethiopia’s policies, supported by development assistance, are delivering impressive results but the levels of poverty and vulnerability remain amongst the highest in the world. Economic growth and development gains, although impressive in recent years, will continue to come under pressure from a difficult balance of payments situation, cyclical high inflation and population growth. Ethiopia’s vulnerability can be summed up by the fact that about 44.6% of the GDP, 90% of exports, and 85% of employment is linked to the agriculture sector where currently the majority of producers are farming plots of less than 0.5 of a hectare and are following rain-fed cultivation.

There is a strong, well established link in Ethiopia between social protection and reducing vulnerability; the PSNP aims to build community assets and smooth consumption. However, there is a growing recognition, which is reflected in the latest draft of the Government’s Social Protection policy, that these instruments can also contribute to inclusive economic growth13.

Finally, coordination of the various social protection actions needs to be strengthened. Reflecting the evolution of the sector from its humanitarian origins, the Government’s emphasis has been on using food aid social protection based instruments, such as the PSNP. The Ministry of Agriculture remains the single most significant actor in

13 This is also reflected in the draft Irish Aid Social Protection Framework

the delivery of social protection modalities, however the role of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs is being strengthened. The approval of the Government’s Social Protection Policy by the Council of Ministers in 2013 and the development of its strategy will serve as the basis for a more comprehensive framework for the provision of a social protection system in Ethiopia into the future and will set the framework for strengthening the capacity of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs.

Theory of change

A continuum of support that includes relief, climate-smart public works, social transfer systems and enhanced livelihoods is necessary for a sustained reduction in vulnerability and to provide the platform from which poor people can benefit and participate in economic growth. The provision of social protection-based safety nets (stop-gapped as needs be with relief support) is effectively a pre-condition for the type of risk taking and investment needed to build livelihoods. International evidence illustrates that social safety also contributes to better nutrition and health status of the poor14.

What Irish Aid will do:

Irish Aid will continue to provide significant financial and technical support to the PSNP programme and will actively engage in the design of the next phase of the PSNP which will be launched in 2015. As part of this process, particular support will be provided for:

> Greater engagement with the broader social protection environment (including the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs) and with those working on disaster risk management.

> Gender and HIV and AIDS to continue to be considered as key factors in the targeting of cash transfers and in the design of public works programmes

> Nutrition to be included in the design and results framework for the programme

> The next PSNP to continue to deliver on environment and climate related results

14 Lancet, July 2013

7. The Plan


> Increased Government of Ethiopia financing for the programme

> The new programme to fully use the Government’s own financial management system, thus reducing fiduciary risks of operating a parallel system

> Reducing fiduciary risk at the point of the end user, though electronic cash transfers

Support will be provided for social and financial accountability mechanisms. Irish Aid will engage fully with the public financial management aspects of the programme and work with partners to ensure audit action plans are in place and implemented. We will also support the Ethiopian Social Accountability Programme15.

Building on support to date, work will continue with UNICEF to pilot cash transfer modalities for labour-constrained households. In addition to delivering results around nutrition and vulnerability reduction, the cash transfer pilot is intended to build the capacity of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs to assume responsibility for some of the most vulnerable sections of society such as children, the elderly,

15 Irish Aid has supported the Ethiopian Social Accountability Programme since 2010. The programme was originally set up to monitor the implementation of the Protection of Basic Services Programme, but current plans envisage extending it in 2014 to support community monitoring of the PSNP.

disabled and chronically ill people16. Working with UNICEF and the Ministry will promote the use of electronic transfers (via mobile phones) and this engagement, together with the lessons gained from it, will inform the policy debate and design of the next phase of the PSNP.

Ethiopia will continue to need humanitarian support over the period of the CSP. In line with previous years it is proposed to include an allocation for humanitarian response from within the programme budget. Provision is made to support the OCHA managed Humanitarian Response Fund. This fund continues to perform well and is responding effectively to emerging relief needs. In addition, the Embassy will continue to link with HQ-funded humanitarian partners to ensure that their work also helps bridge the link between humanitarian and development interventions.

Policy engagement will be through the established dialogue structure of the PSNP programme, the national Social Protection Platform, and relevant humanitarian and disaster risk-management forums. Over the course of the CSP, Ireland will, for one year, chair the PSNP donor group, where we will lead on policy engagement with Government.

16 This target group have to date been included in the PSNP as ‘direct support’ beneficiaries. However, as the Ministry’s capacity increases the expectation is that it will assume greater responsibility for this target group.

An Ethiopian woman farmer in Tigray producing flour from an improved wheat variety. Photo: Irish Aid.


Output 2: Rural livelihoods that are climate-smart, gender and nutrition sensitive supported and promoted to scale.

Problem Statement

Social protection-based safety net mechanisms, such as PSNP, contribute towards a reduction in vulnerability and serve as a foundation for building assets and resilience. However, additional targeted pro-poor agriculture and natural resource programming is required to assist the most vulnerable to build resilient livelihoods and participate in the ongoing economic development of Ethiopia. Irish Aid Ethiopia is well placed to demonstrate this through a mix of modalities at regional level17.

Between 80 and 85 percent of livelihoods in Ethiopia are based on smallholder rain-fed agriculture systems. Within the context of a changing climate, smallholder farmers are finding it increasingly difficult to follow the planting cycles given the increasingly erratic nature of seasonal rainfall patterns.

Theory of Change

Building on the foundation laid by social protection support, the enhancement of natural productive resources and strengthening links to markets will allow partners, together with poor farmers in food insecure woredas, to test and promote to scale proven nutritious and drought resistant crop varieties. The improvement of the natural resource base also allows for the development of off-farm resilient livelihoods including beekeeping for rural landless youth and women. Bringing partners experience to scale, in terms of programming and/or evidence based learning, will be a major contribution to the promotion of economically and environmentally viable rural livelihoods. Natural resource management, farm productivity and safety net support will combine to contribute to an improved resilience of the rural poor.

What Irish Aid will do

The programme will focus on poor rural households in food insecure woredas of SNNPR and Tigray, with particular attention to women-headed farming households and landless youth. The engagement in the sector will be informed by on-going political economy analysis – which will identify areas where progress can be made – and areas where blockages exist.

17 And, as viable options arise, at Federal level.

Support will be provided to some existing and (when appropriate) new partners to identify and scale up best practice in climate-smart, gender and nutrition-sensitive smallholder production. Partners include the regional agricultural research institutes and bureaus of agriculture, the International Potato Centre and reputable NGOs specialising in rural livelihoods

> The programme will support the economic empowerment of poor farmers, especially women farmers, through specific and climate-smart value chains through partners such as SoS Sahel, FARM Africa and the regional bureaus of agriculture

> Complementing the support to natural resources through PSNP public works, the programme will support reforestation of water catchments including homestead woodlots, and access to improved fuel-efficient cook-stoves through GiZ and the regional bureaus of agriculture

> The facilitation of regional Government collaboration will be encouraged such as exchange and learning with NGOs on issues such as improved seed systems, viable value chains, and improved research-into-use approaches including meteorological data. Throughout this work the Embassy will endeavour to generate and share evidence-based learning to inform regional responses to the federal Climate Resilient Green Economy initiative

> The Embassy will work closely with HQ-supported integrated rural development and humanitarian responses through organisations such as GOAL, Concern and Trócaire, Misean Cara, Self Help Africa, Vita and Farm Radio International in order to learn from and capitalise on programmatic linkages

> The option to engage with and support relevant federal level livelihoods programmes will be maintained18

Output 3: Civil society supported to play their role in Ethiopia’s development

Problem Statement:

The operating environment for civil society in Ethiopia is restrictive. Due to the importance of civil society space, as outlined in One World, One Future and in the EU’s Agenda for Change, and given Irish Aid Ethiopia’s comparative advantage in the area, Irish Aid will continue

18 We will maintain a technical engagement with the Household Asset Building Programme (which is under the PSNP) and its forthcoming redesign. However, implementation challenges currently preclude funding. Alternative programmes with national reach will be explored over the course of the CSP.


to work to build the capacity of civil society and engage with the Government to improve the operational environment. Having a strong civil society is a positive governance end and is vital to the achievement of the wider CSP results and the Government’s own GTP targets, especially through CSO’s role in innovation and reaching marginalised populations.

Theory of change

Direct support from Ireland to partners will allow organisations to continue to evolve in difficult circumstances. Civil society support will contribute significantly to the results of the CSP through improving delivery of services and supporting innovative civil society programmes with an emphasis on addressing health, nutrition, climate change, livelihoods and gender-based violence.


Irish Aid will continue to lead the multi-donor Civil Society Support Programme, a five-year initiative which was launched in September 2011. Options for a future modality beyond that are already being explored. The programme supports civil society to contribute to national development, poverty reduction and the advancement of good governance. Through the programme, donors will channel support to marginalised and hard to reach Ethiopians at grassroots level in support of local communities holding local officials and others engaged in service delivery to account. Specific support will be provided to support the capacities of small organisations and associations to prevent and respond to gender-based violence at community level.

Other opportunities to align thematic priorities of the programme with Irish Aid priorities will be explored, e.g. on environmental issues including climate change, private sector development and on gender empowerment more broadly. Throughout this engagement, we will continue to work closely with the Charities and Societies Agency to ensure that the programme stays within the legislation, and that any lessons learned can inform and influence the practical implementation of the legislation.

As noted under Output 1, Irish Aid will continue to support the Ethiopian Social Accountability Programme. Under this programme, civil society organisations are trained in the use of various Social Accountability tools such as community score cards, gender responsive budgeting, and social auditing and how to use them to assess the accessibility and quality of services being delivered by Government.

We will maintain flexibility to allow us to respond to opportunities as they arise, particularly in the areas of gender based violence and access to legal services.

The Embassy will engage with partners on the policy and technical arrangements for civil society through:

> The Government-led Civil Society Sector Working Group, where donors are represented by the EU, US and Ireland

> The Donor Transparency and Accountability Working Group and the Government-chaired Social Accountability Steering Committee which deals with support to the social accountability programme

> The DAG Governance Technical Working Group and Civil Society Sub-group, where development partners agree common messages for heads of mission and heads of development cooperation for dialogue with Government

Output 4: Improved feeding practices and consumption of a better quality diet by under 5 children, adolescent girls, and women.

Problem Statement

Under-nutrition underlies 50% of under fives’ deaths in Ethiopia and severely limits the development of individuals and the country19. Currently 44% of children under the age of five are stunted, while 27% of Ethiopian women are too thin and 17% are anaemic. Adults who were undernourished as children earn less and contribute less to economic growth. As noted earlier, the effects of under-nutrition on health and wellbeing, education and economic growth are enormous; estimated to be some 16.5% of GDP. Micronutrient deficiencies (especially iron, vitamin A, and iodine) are also significant public health problems. Malnourished girls become short, malnourished mothers who experience a higher risk of maternal death and are more likely to give birth to a low birth-weight baby; thereby continuing the intergenerational cycle of poor nutrition and poverty.

Causes of chronic under-nutrition include food price inflation, one of the world’s lowest rates of safe water coverage at 41%, very limited sanitation facilities, nationally 11% and poor or non-existent hygiene practices in large parts of the country. Despite a recent revision of the National Nutrition Programme, there remains a somewhat incoherent policy, the coordination and financing framework20 of which are not suited to deliver the type of multi-sectoral programme required to effectively reduce or eliminate under-nutrition. The agriculture sector itself forms

19 UNICEF 2012 Community based Newborn Sepsis Management briefing, UNICEF Ethiopia.

20 The total budget of the National Nutrition Programme is US$ 547 million. Government will provide US$ 38 million.


the mainstay of the national economy. However, its growth is centred on smallholder farmers seeking to produce high-value, low-nutrient crops for sale and export at the expense of household consumption. Simply put, 85% of the population do not have access to an adequate supply of nutritious food.

Poor health and poor nutritional status of women is a key factor in the low birth weight rate as are the quality of caring and feeding practices. Globally, maternal under-nutrition contributes to 800,000 neonatal deaths annually; stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies are estimated to underlie nearly 3.1 million child deaths annually (Lancet, 2013). In spite of a positive policy and legislative framework for gender-equality in Ethiopia, women continue to experience inequality in decision-making and control of resources at household level and are thus less able to make positive choices around their own and their family’s diet. Low birth weight and poor feeding practices 21 are exacerbated by the high proportion of births to under-age women (as a result of early marriage). Gender inequality in education22 is also seen to have an impact with wasting, for example, more common among the children of mothers with no education – and least common among those whose mothers have a secondary education (11% versus 3%).

Rural children under five are more likely than their urban peers to be both wasted (10% versus 6%) and stunted (46% versus 32%).23 There are high levels of disparity across regions also with stunting levels in Amhara, Tigray (51.4%), Afar, and Benishangul Gumuz regions well above the national average. In the under five age group, boys prove more vulnerable than girls and are more likely to be both underweight (31% versus 27%) and wasted (11% versus 8%) (ibid).

The issue of climate change poses an increasingly significant impact upon the national capacity to achieve nutrition security. While the trends in severe malnutrition have improved slightly (dropping from 12% to 10% over the period since 2000), there are increasing variances in patterns around seasonal hunger and severe shortages, resulting in an annual caseload of between 150,000 and 350,000 children experiencing severe acute malnutrition.

21 Although 98% of children are breastfed for a period of time, only half of new-borns are exclusively breastfed for six months (52 %). Among sub-groups, the percentage of young children who are exclusively breastfed decreases sharply from 70 % of infants age 0-1 month to 55 % of those age 2-3 months and, further, to 32 % among infants 4-5 months.

22 The gender parity index in education is 0.9 for primary, 0.65 for second level – first cycle, and 0.48 for second level – second cycle.

23 Ibid. Stunting results from chronic under-nutrition, which retards linear growth, whereas wasting results from inadequate nutrition over a shorter period.

Theory of change

Investments in nutrition-specific interventions to avert maternal and child under-nutrition can make a great difference in the lives of the poorest. When linked to nutrition-sensitive approaches—i.e. women’s empowerment, food systems, livelihoods and social safety nets—such investments can greatly accelerate progress in countries with the highest burden of maternal and child under-nutrition and mortality24. The CSP proposes to address the challenge of under-nutrition through a multi-sectoral, programme-wide approach that combines nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions such as support for nutrition education, promotion of improved feeding practices, micronutrient supplementation, food fortification, cash transfers, food production and consumption, emergency nutrition, and the reduction of household air pollution. This multi-sectoral approach will ensure linkages across the five outputs are fully exploited.


Irish Aid will use existing engagement in the health sector (see also Output 5) to:

> Support Health Extension Workers to roll out community-based platforms for nutrition education and promotion

> Support micronutrient supplementation and de-worming including provision of folic acid, iron and other vitamin supplementation for pregnant women, and Vitamin A and Zinc for children

> Promote breastfeeding, dietary diversity and complementary feeding

Food Fortification of staple foods, in particular iodization, through a partnership with GAIN and others and promotion of optimal feeding practices through civil society partners such as Alive and Thrive

Emergency nutrition including the prevention and treatment of severe malnutrition and management of moderate malnutrition (through our support to the Humanitarian Relief Fund and HQ-funded NGOs)25

The engagement with social cash transfers (Output 1) will be linked to the results the programme is aiming to achieve in nutrition

24 Adapted from Lancet, 2013

25 Irish NGOs are a particularly rich source of experience and learning on nutrition and will be strategic partners to be leveraged by the Embassy; Concern on mainstreaming Infant and Young Child Feeding into PSNP and emergency work, GOAL working on systems failures in MAM responses, Trocaire working with pastoralist communities.


The Embassy will pursue the multi-sectoral approach outlined in Output 2 to ensure that the interventions supported contribute to Irish Aid’s nutrition approach and support organisations, such as the International Potato Centre, to expand access to nutritious foods, such as orange flesh sweet potatoes.

Recognising the impact household air pollution has on health and nutrition status and in line with commitments to advance climate-smart approaches, support will be provided to GiZ to expand its cookstove programme into Tigray and SNNPR.

In terms of policy engagement, The Embassy will:

> Work closely with others in the nutrition development partner group and take on the SUN convener role as and when the opportunity presents itself

> Promote an improved consideration of and response to the need for a coordinated multi-sectoral approach to under-nutrition across all sectors in which Irish Aid is engaged

> Work to ensure lessons are disseminated, with a view to informing practice and policy of Government and other interested parties

> Support work to increase resources for under-nutrition across key sectors, for example through the establishment of a multi-donor pooled funding arrangement for the nutrition sector

Output 5: Increased use of improved maternal health care services by poor women.

Problem Statement

As noted above, with a maternal mortality rate of 676/100,000 Ethiopia is significantly behind in meeting MDG 4 by 2015. The lack of skilled birth attendants and the very low rate of delivery at health care institutions (less than 10%, but up from 5%) along with a relatively high rate of teenage pregnancy are important factors behind the high maternal deaths ratio. Gender dynamics are central to an understanding of health issues in Ethiopia. Amongst other things, early marriage is common in Ethiopia where one in five women are married by their 15th birthday. 17% of girls aged 15 to 19 have already become mothers or are pregnant with their first child. Girls who bear children before they are 15 years old are five times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes compared to older mothers.

Woman bringing tomato harvest home. Tomatoes grown thanks to watershed management, Tigray. Photo: Irish Aid.


Gender imbalances in the home have a negative impact on women’s ability to access information about and treatment for largely preventable pregnancy-related health problems, and in particular contribute to the dearth of family planning.

To date the focus for the Ministry of Health has been on constructing, equipping and staffing Health Post and Health Centres in a bid to increase access. The number of health posts has increased to 15,000. However, the use of health care facilities continues to be low due to lack of awareness, limited trust in the system, dislike of facilities often described as dirty, distance to facilities anxiety over costs, and the assumption that private sector providers are better qualified.

Over 38,000 community-level Health Extension Workers have been trained and deployed to provide basic preventative and curative services from Health Posts in their villages. Problems remain however, particularly in remote and rural areas, where staff retention rates are poor and many of the newly trained and the existing cadre of skilled staff opt to work for private providers.

National level and sector-specific policies prioritise women’s health and the health of the children. However, whilst there has been welcome improvement in child health and greater access to modern contraceptives, safe birthing is an outstanding weakness that needs full and proper attention in investment and programming. A woman’s

social, economic and life opportunities are increased further by her ability to access birth control and to be free of childbirth-related disability and the stigma that can accompany it. Preventing pregnancy in young adolescents makes a particularly significant difference to a girl’s life chances. Gender equality and women’s empowerment are both a means to an end in terms of improved reproductive, maternal and newborn health.

Health care expenditure per capita in Ethiopia is low, estimated in 2011 by WHO at US$ 23 (up from US$ 16 in 2008). Of this expenditure, 29% comes from households themselves, 16% from Government (down from 21% in 2008), with the remaining 52% being financed by development partners.

Theory of change

Increasing access to maternal health care services by improving awareness of and demand for ante-natal care, improving the quality of care on offer at health care facilities and the physical facilities (using climate smart technology) to make them more user friendly, will help to increase client use which in turn will lead to an improvement in maternal health. Complementary preventative interventions such as improved nutrition for mothers, and reduced incidence of illness (such as Upper Respiratory Tract Infections) will contribute to safer motherhood.

Hasan Lemu with mountain coffee, Bale Mountains. National Park conservation project. Photo: Richard Moore O’Farrell.



Irish Aid will continue to support the national health framework as reflected in the Health Sector Development Programme via the modality of the multi-donor Health MDG Performance Fund. The fund prioritises funding to initiatives which will improve maternal and child health, reproductive health and prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and accelerated training of midwives. The Health MDG Performance Fund is increasingly functioning as the main forum for health-related policy and technical dialogue.

Throughout the CSP, the Embassy will work with partners in Tigray and SNNPR, including the regional bureaux of health to strengthen their local response to the crisis in maternal health. Funds from Irish Aid will be used to pilot innovative approaches and to document lessons for the Region and, where appropriate, for federal level scale up.

Opportunities will be taken, as they arise, to green the health sector. In practical terms this will mean supporting solar energy and water harvesting systems in health centres and recognising the positive impact clean energy has on health outcomes at household level and piloting the provision of energy efficient cook-stoves and simple solar energy for mothers with new born children who have attended the health facilities.

Recognising the critical contribution that good nutrition plays with regard to maternal health, adolescent girls and women of child bearing age will be a prioritised target group for all nutrition-related activities delivered across outputs.

The Embassy will work closely with HQ funded work in the health sector, including the Global Fund, GAVI, WHO, UNICEF and VSO.

Policy engagement will focus on improving the demand and access to maternal health services through improving the capacity of the Health Extension Workers to provide quality care and support to pregnant women. Through the health structures there will be active engagement in nutrition discussions which will link up policy dialogue with partners under the nutrition related output.

Private Sector Innovation Fund

The potential for the private sector to make a greater contribution to the achievement of Ethiopia’s development results is considerable. However, as noted above, the operational environment for the private sector is restrictive. Currently, the World Bank reckons that the private investment rate is the sixth lowest in the world, whereas the public investment rates are the third highest.

Over the course of this CSP Irish Aid proposes to increase its engagement with the private sector in order to use their experience and skills to help deliver our CSP results. To take this forward, it is proposed to have an annual, limited, targeted tender to private sector businesses in Ethiopia interested in receiving support from the Embassy to develop an innovative contribution to Irish Aid’s CSP results. Proposals will be assessed against the follow criteria:

> Relevance to CSP results

> Links/synergies with Irish business and expertise

> Extent to which the intervention will act as a catalyst for further private sector contributions

> Demonstrate how lessons learned from the project can lead to a broader impact

> Communications value of the initiative

> Environmental sustainability

A Private Sector Innovation Fund Programme will be established subject to external analysis as part of the mid-term review in 2016.

Elias Worku (4) Kelle Kindergarden funded by Trocaire in Kelle. Agri Service Ethiopia projects in Amaro Southern Ethiopia. Photo: Noel Gavin/Allpix.


In accordance with Irish Aid Guidance on developing country strategy plans, this programme was designed to be implemented with a strong focus on planning for, and managing by, development results. The Logic Model for the Country Strategy Paper is outlined in Annex 1. A Results Framework has been formulated for each of the outputs of the programme. These are included in Annex 2.

In 2013, the bilateral allocation increased for the first time since the economic crisis and now stands at €27.2 million. The new CSP will largely maintain this annual budget figure with flexibility to allow for increases (or decreases) in resources in line with the overall Irish Aid budget. The recommendations of the mid-term review will be used to inform and adjust, where necessary, action plans for the subsequent years.

The Performance Measurement Framework will serve as a management instrument to assist the Embassy in collecting information with respect to the key indicators that can demonstrate the extent that country strategy objectives are being achieved.

Risk Management In terms of the economy, while growth is set to continue there are risks in the medium-term. Ethiopia’s growth performance remains vulnerable to external shocks.

Recurrent droughts have also had a significant impact on agriculture and the power sector, which is heavily dependent on hydro generation. A decline in the agricultural harvest, particularly if accompanied by rising international food prices, would have a serious impact on food security and inflation.

Evaluation StrategyThe Embassy will develop an evaluation and monitoring plan for this strategy. Key components of the strategy will include both a budget line for monitoring and evaluation including working with partners on their monitoring and evaluation needs, and recruitment of a Monitoring and Evaluation programme support officer to advance Irish Aid’s and its partners monitoring and evaluation work.

An important output of the Irish Aid Ethiopia plan for the monitoring and evaluation of the country strategy will be the generation of information that will provide evidence that Ireland is working to reduce poverty. This evidence can inform a credible and robust assessment, on an annual basis, during the mid-term review in 2016 and in a final evaluation of performance.

Audit arrangementsThe Embassy employs a full time internal auditor who reports directly to the Head of Mission and to the Evaluation and Audit Unit at Headquarters.

Irish Aid will continue to monitor audit at national and local levels, through following the audit findings of both the federal and regional Audit Office reports and tracking debates on the reports in Parliament. For fund flows through Government systems, audit assurance relies primarily on audits commissioned by the Government’s audit office. In addition, the Irish Aid auditor is a member of various audit sub-committee working groups, comprising donor and Government officials, that oversee the audit issues highlighted. Currently Irish Aid is engaged in the monthly PSNP financial taskforce meetings, Protection of Basic Services Financial Management group and health MDG audit meetings. In addition, NGO audits are also tracked and followed up prior to further disbursements.

8. Results, Monitoring and Performance Measurement Frameworks

PSNP programme participants constructing hillside terraces as part of the public works programme of the PSNP. Photo: Irish Aid.


The table below sets out the proposed budget allocation to each of the outputs. The outer years of the budget are indicative and will be discussed as part of the annual reviews and at the 2016 mid-term review in particular. Flexibility will be required to ensure that we manage for results and take advantage of new programme

developments such as the new PSNP, a potential pooled fund for nutrition, a redesigned household asset building programme and regional and federal level Climate Resilient Green Economy modalities. In addition, a new GTP will be launched in 2016. As in previous years, specific allocations to partners will be approved annually via the IDC process.

9. The Budget

Table 2: 2014-2018 Programme Budget € millions

Programme Area 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Total € % of Total

Output 1: Transitory and chronically vulnerable rural people have access to a targeted, accountable and increasingly sustainable safety net

Total Output 1 12 12 12 12 12 60 44

Output 2: Rural livelihoods that are climate-smart, and gender and nutrition sensitive are supported and promoted to scale

Total Output 2 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 16.25 12

Output 3: Civil society supported to play their role in Ethiopia’s development

Total Output 3 3 3 3 3 3 15 11

Output 4: Increased use of improved maternal health care services by poor women

Total Output 4 5 5 5 5 5 25 18

Output 5: Improved feeding practices and consumption of a better quality diet by under 5 children, adolescent girls, and women

Total Output 5 3 3 3 3 3 15 11

Cross programme support

Private Sector Innovation Fund 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 0.74

Monitoring and Evaluation 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.36

Programme Administration 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 2.25 1.6

Programme development/process funds 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 0.74

CSP Total Programme €Million 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.2 27.2 136 100


Local market in Tigray. Photo: Irish Aid.


Annex 1: The Logic Model

Output 1: Transitory and

chronically vulnerable rural

people have access to predictable, accountable and scalable

social transfers

Output 2: Livelihoods

that are climate smart, gender and nutrition sensitive

supported and promoted to scale

Output 3: Increased

capacity of CSOs and citizens to participate in

development and accountability

processes

Output 4: Improved feeding

practices and consumption of a better quality diet by Under

5 children, adolescent girls,

and women

Output 5: Increased use of improved

maternal health care services by

poor women

Goal: Support Ethiopia’s growth and poverty reduction plans so that the poor benefit from, and contribute to, equitable economic,

social and environmental development

Outcome: Poor, rural, households are more resilient to economic, social, and environmental stresses and shocks

Activities to be developed at annual planning

Strategies:

A) Contribute to development effectiveness.

B) Mainstream Governance, HIV & Aids, Gender and the Environment across the programme.

C) Increased engagement with the private sector

D) Prioritise results based management and learning to inform decision making.

E) Further improve internal systems for better results and more accountable partnerships.

Objective 1: To improve the abilities of poor rural households’ to respond and adapt to the affects of climate

change and other shocks

Objective 2: To improve the nutrition and health of poor rural women

and children


Out

put

1:26

Go

alB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Sup

port

Eth

iopi

a’s

grow

th a

nd p

over

ty r

educ

tion

plan

s so

th

at t

he p

oor

bene

fit f

rom

, and

con

trib

ute

to, e

quita

ble

econ

omic

, soc

ial a

nd e

nviro

nmen

tal d

evel

opm

ent

>

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Inde

x S

core

0.3

96 (2

012)

>

Gin

i Coe

ffici

ent

29.8

(UN

DP

201

3)

>

GD

P p

er c

apita

(PP

P) $

1,01

7 (2

013)

Ou

tco

me

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

Poo

r, ru

ral,

hous

ehol

ds a

re m

ore

resi

lient

to

econ

omic

, so

cial

, and

env

ironm

enta

l str

esse

s

and

shoc

ks

>

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

28.7

(201

2)

>

Rur

al P

over

ty H

eadc

ount

30.

4% (2

012)

>

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

Gov

erna

nce

47.6

(201

2)

>

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y ra

tio 6

76/1

00,0

00 (2

011)

Ob

ject

ives

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

To im

prov

e th

e ab

ilitie

s of

poo

r ru

ral h

ouse

hold

s to

res

pond

an

d ad

apt

to t

he a

ffec

ts o

f cl

imat

e ch

ange

and

oth

er s

hock

s

> %

of

PS

NP

hou

seho

lds

repo

rtin

g ze

ro f

ood

gap

7% (2

010)

>

Per

cent

age

of w

omen

who

hav

e de

cisi

on m

akin

g po

wer

in a

gric

ultu

ral a

ctiv

ities

and

out

puts

32%

for

Tig

ray

and

34.5

% f

or S

NN

PR

>

Num

ber

and

qual

ity o

f Jo

int

Act

ion

Pla

ns (a

s a

resu

lt of

Soc

ial A

ccou

ntab

ility

) agr

eed

betw

een

citiz

ens

and

serv

ice

prov

ider

s fo

r se

rvic

e qu

ality

impr

ovem

ent

at lo

cal l

evel

s 0

(201

2)

>

Are

a w

ith im

prov

ed la

nd a

nd w

ater

man

agem

ent

tech

nolo

gies

49,

440

ha (2

010)

>

New

pro

-poo

r so

cial

pro

tect

ion

safe

ty n

et p

rogr

amm

e de

velo

ped

with

gov

ernm

ent

to s

ucce

ed P

SN

P26

Ris

ksC

riti

cal S

ucc

ess

Fact

ors

>

Wea

k lin

ks b

etw

een

the

PS

NP

and

oth

er p

rogr

amm

es

mea

n th

e pr

ogra

mm

e is

not

eff

ectiv

e

>

Incr

easi

ng n

umbe

r of

foo

d in

secu

re h

ouse

hold

s ar

isin

g fr

om e

nviro

nmen

tal o

r ec

onom

ic s

hock

s

>

Lack

of

a ph

ased

app

roac

h in

mov

ing

from

pro

gram

mes

to

sys

tem

s

>

Gov

ernm

ent

lead

ersh

ip a

nd o

wne

rshi

p of

the

pro

gram

me

>

Clo

se c

oord

inat

ion

and

colla

bora

tion

betw

een

the

two

maj

or im

plem

enta

tion

part

ners

(Min

istr

y of

Lab

our

and

Soc

ial A

ffai

rs t

he M

inis

try

of A

gric

ultu

re)

26 P

SN

P r

esul

ts in

dica

tors

to

be u

pdat

ed f

rom

bas

elin

e of

new

soc

ial p

rote

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

e

Ann

ex 2

: Res

ults

Fra

mew

ork


Out

put

1: (

cont

inue

d) 27

Ou

tpu

ts f

or

CS

PP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rsB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Tran

sito

ry a

nd c

hron

ical

ly v

ulne

rabl

e ru

ral

peop

le h

ave

acce

ss t

o pr

edic

tabl

e, a

ccou

ntab

le

and

scal

able

soc

ial t

rans

fers

1. %

of

hous

ehol

ds r

epor

ting

that

the

ir co

mm

unity

ben

efite

d fr

om

envi

ronm

enta

l pub

lic w

orks

2. A

vera

ge n

umbe

r of

mon

ths

hous

ehol

ds r

epor

t be

ing

food

inse

cure

3. P

rogr

amm

e ob

ject

ives

, tar

getin

g an

d gr

adua

tion

crite

ria, C

lient

Cha

rter

of

Rig

hts

and

resp

onsi

bilit

ies,

bud

get

and

appe

al p

roce

dure

s ar

e po

sted

in

all P

SN

P K

ebel

les

and

Wor

edas

1. 4

1% (2

010)

2. 3

.96

(201

0)

3. 0

(201

0)

Key

Str

ateg

ies:

>

Eng

age

in p

olic

y ar

eas

on li

nkag

es w

ith s

ocia

l acc

ount

abili

ty m

echa

nism

s,

>

Mai

nstr

eam

gov

erna

nce,

gen

der,

HIV

/AID

S a

nd e

nviro

nmen

t bo

th a

t de

sign

and

impl

emen

tatio

n st

ages

,

>

Lear

ning

, in

conj

unct

ion

with

oth

er Ir

ish

Aid

pro

gram

mes

, on

soci

al s

afet

y ne

ts, t

heir

impa

ct o

n th

e po

or a

nd h

ow t

hey

can

be m

ore

effe

ctiv

e es

peci

ally

in d

ealin

g w

ith

nutr

ition

, gen

der

and

clim

ate

chan

ge.

Pro

ble

m S

tate

men

t:

>

Eth

iopi

a’s

vuln

erab

ility

can

be

sum

med

up

by t

he f

act

that

abo

ut 4

4.6%

of

the

GD

P, 9

0% o

f ex

port

s, a

nd 8

5% o

f em

ploy

men

t is

link

ed t

o th

e ag

ricul

ture

sec

tor

whe

re

curr

ently

the

maj

ority

of

prod

ucer

s ar

e fa

rmin

g pl

ots

of le

ss t

han

0.5

of a

hec

tare

and

are

fol

low

ing

rain

-fed

cul

tivat

ion.

>

Cur

rent

ly m

ore

than

7 m

illio

n pe

ople

are

con

side

red

chro

nica

lly f

ood

inse

cure

, or

vuln

erab

le, a

nd a

re d

epen

dent

on

the

supp

ort

prov

ided

thr

ough

the

Pro

duct

ive

Saf

ety

Net

P

rogr

amm

e, w

hile

bet

wee

n 2.

5 to

5 m

illio

n pe

ople

req

uire

hum

anita

rian

relie

f fo

od27

eac

h ye

ar.

>

Ther

e is

a s

tron

g, w

ell e

stab

lishe

d lin

k in

Eth

iopi

a be

twee

n so

cial

pro

tect

ion

and

redu

cing

vul

nera

bilit

y; t

he P

rodu

ctiv

e S

afet

y N

ets

Pro

gram

me

whi

ch a

ims

to b

uild

com

mun

ity

asse

ts, s

moo

th c

onsu

mpt

ion

and

prot

ect

asse

ts c

urre

ntly

rea

ches

ove

r se

ven

mill

ion

chro

nica

lly f

ood

inse

cure

peo

ple.

By

supp

ortin

g sa

fety

net

s, n

ot o

nly

the

PS

NP

but

the

de

velo

pmen

t of

its

succ

esso

r, Ir

ish

Aid

hel

ps t

o ad

dres

s vu

lner

abili

ty, b

uild

res

ilien

ce, i

ncre

ase

hous

ehol

d as

sess

thr

ough

ens

urin

g pr

edic

tabl

e an

d re

gula

r in

com

e, im

prov

e so

il an

d w

ater

con

serv

atio

n th

roug

h pu

blic

wor

ks a

nd w

ork

with

the

gov

ernm

ent

to im

prov

e th

eir

own

syst

ems

and

deve

lop

a so

und

soci

al p

rote

ctio

n po

licy.

27 G

oE p

refe

rs t

o lim

it an

alys

is a

nd c

ateg

oris

atio

n of

vul

nera

ble

com

mun

ities

to

food

inse

curit

y, o

ften

ove

rlook

ing

the

seve

ral o

ther

dim

ensi

ons

and

driv

ers

of v

ulne

rabi

lity.


Out

put

2:28

Go

alB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Sup

port

Eth

iopi

a’s

grow

th a

nd p

over

ty r

educ

tion

plan

s so

tha

t th

e po

or b

enefi

t fr

om, a

nd c

ontr

ibut

e to

, equ

itabl

e ec

onom

ic,

soci

al a

nd e

nviro

nmen

tal d

evel

opm

ent

>

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Inde

x S

core

0.3

96 (2

012)

>

Gin

i Coe

ffici

ent

29.8

(UN

DP

201

3)

>

GD

P p

er c

apita

(PP

P) $

1,01

7 (2

013)

Ou

tco

me

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

Poo

r, ru

ral,

hous

ehol

ds a

re m

ore

resi

lient

to

econ

omic

, soc

ial,

and

envi

ronm

enta

l str

esse

s an

d sh

ocks

>

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

28.7

(201

2)

>

Rur

al P

over

ty H

eadc

ount

30.

4% (2

012)

>

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

Gov

erna

nce

47.6

(201

2)

>

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y ra

tio 6

76/1

00,0

00 (2

011)

Ob

ject

ives

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

To im

prov

e th

e ab

ilitie

s of

poo

r ru

ral h

ouse

hold

s t

o re

spon

d an

d ad

apt

to t

he a

ffec

ts o

f cl

imat

e ch

ange

and

oth

er s

hock

s

> %

of

PS

NP

hou

seho

lds

repo

rtin

g ze

ro f

ood

gap

7% (2

010)

>

Per

cent

age

of w

omen

who

hav

e de

cisi

on m

akin

g po

wer

in a

gric

ultu

ral a

ctiv

ities

and

out

puts

32%

for

Tig

ray

and

34.5

% f

or S

NN

P

>

Num

ber

and

qual

ity o

f Jo

int

Act

ion

Pla

ns (a

s a

resu

lt of

Soc

ial A

ccou

ntab

ility

) agr

eed

betw

een

citiz

ens

and

serv

ice

prov

ider

s fo

r se

rvic

e qu

ality

impr

ovem

ent

at lo

cal l

evel

s 0

(201

2)

>

Are

a w

ith im

prov

ed la

nd a

nd w

ater

man

agem

ent

tech

nolo

gies

49,

440

ha (2

010)

>

New

pro

-poo

r so

cial

pro

tect

ion

safe

ty n

et p

rogr

amm

e de

velo

ped

with

gov

ernm

ent

to s

ucce

ed P

SN

P28

Ris

ksC

riti

cal S

ucc

ess

Fact

ors

>

Occ

urre

nce

of d

roug

ht, l

ow c

rop

prod

uctiv

ity a

nd u

nder

nu

triti

on le

ads

to m

ajor

det

erio

ratio

n in

cop

ing

stra

tegi

es

and

resi

lienc

e

>

Wea

k go

vern

men

t co

mm

itmen

t le

ads

to a

lack

of

polic

y in

fluen

ce a

nd in

abili

ty t

o sc

ale

up in

terv

entio

ns.

>

Inab

ility

to

find

part

ners

cap

able

of

desi

gnin

g an

d im

plem

entin

g in

nova

tive

proj

ects

>

Ens

ure

the

effe

ctiv

enes

s of

the

link

age

betw

een

Bur

eau

of A

gric

ultu

re a

nd r

esea

rch

inst

itutio

ns in

di

ssem

inat

ing

nutr

ition

ric

h an

d cl

imat

e re

spon

sive

agr

icul

tura

l tec

hnol

ogie

s in

clud

ing

the

use

of

agro

-met

dat

a

>

proj

ect

impl

emen

ting

part

ners

ado

pt a

mul

tifac

eted

ste

p by

ste

p ap

proa

ch t

o di

vers

ify t

he li

velih

oods

of

the

poor

>

proj

ect

impl

emen

ting

part

ners

Agr

ee t

o un

dert

ake

evid

ence

bas

ed d

ialo

gues

with

reg

iona

l Gov

ernm

ent

>

Reg

iona

l Gov

ernm

ent

and

CS

Os

Sup

port

the

pro

mot

ion

of A

rgo-

fore

stry

pra

ctic

es

28 P

SN

P r

esul

ts in

dica

tors

to

be u

pdat

ed f

rom

bas

elin

e of

new

soc

ial p

rote

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

e


Out

put

2: (

cont

inue

d)

Ou

tpu

ts f

or

CS

PP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rsB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Rur

al li

velih

oods

tha

t ar

e cl

imat

e sm

art,

and

ge

nder

and

nut

ritio

n se

nsiti

ve, a

re s

uppo

rted

an

d pr

omot

ed

to s

cale

1. C

hang

e in

, pro

duct

ivity

per

hec

tare

(in

quin

tals

29)

2. A

rea

of la

nd c

over

ed w

ith a

gro-

fore

stry

pra

ctic

es a

nd m

ulti-

purp

ose

tree

s

3. I

ncre

ased

num

ber

of b

enefi

ciar

ies

usin

g al

tern

ativ

e en

ergy

4. U

ptak

e of

con

sum

ptio

n of

nut

ritio

us a

nd c

limat

e ad

apte

d cr

op v

arie

ties

by p

roje

ct b

enefi

ciar

ies

5. R

esid

ual a

nnua

l inc

ome

of h

ouse

hold

s30

1. F

ood

crop

17,

Roo

t cr

op 4

4 an

d, F

ruit

and

vege

tabl

e 84

(2

009/

10)

2. m

ultip

urpo

se t

rees

6,0

58 a

nd f

ores

t 13

,000

ha T

igra

y 46

9.26

ha (2

009/

10)

3. T

igra

y 23

3,23

5 an

d 45

5,00

0 th

is is

at

hous

ehol

d an

d in

stitu

tion

leve

l (20

12/1

3)

4. 4

1.42

%

5. T

igra

y: 8

08.2

48 E

TB (2

012)

Key

Str

ateg

ies:

>

Faci

litat

e re

sear

ch a

nd le

arni

ng, e

spec

ially

par

ticip

ator

y le

arni

ng in

volv

ing

nutr

ition

and

gen

der

sens

itive

app

roac

hes

>

Dev

elop

evi

denc

e ba

sed

docu

men

ts w

ith p

roje

ct im

plem

entin

g pa

rtne

rs t

o in

form

reg

iona

l pol

icy

>

Mai

nstr

eam

gov

erna

nce,

gen

der,

and

HIV

/AID

S

Pro

ble

m S

tate

men

t:

Bet

wee

n 80

to

85 p

erce

nt o

f liv

elih

oods

in E

thio

pia

are

base

d on

sm

allh

olde

r ra

in-f

ed a

gric

ultu

re s

yste

ms.

With

cha

ngin

g cl

imat

e, s

mal

lhol

ders

are

find

ing

farm

ing

incr

easi

ngly

di

fficu

lt. K

ey p

robl

ems

in t

he s

ecto

r ar

e:

>Li

mite

d in

tegr

atio

n of

nut

ritio

n co

ncer

ns in

to a

gric

ultu

ral p

rodu

ctio

n.

>

Wea

k lin

kage

s be

twee

n re

sear

ch a

nd e

xten

sion

and

diff

eren

tial a

cces

s to

ext

ensi

on s

ervi

ces

betw

een

men

and

wom

en.

>

Lim

ited

prog

ress

has

bee

n m

ade

in t

he p

roce

ss o

f se

curin

g re

gist

ratio

n an

d tit

les,

esp

ecia

lly f

or w

omen

.

>

Con

tinue

d lim

itatio

ns in

acc

ess

to c

redi

t, e

spec

ially

for

wom

en.

>

Pop

ulat

ion

grow

th is

lead

ing

to a

fur

ther

fra

gmen

tatio

n of

land

hold

ing

size

s. T

his

has

led

to a

gro

win

g nu

mbe

rs o

f ru

ral l

andl

ess,

esp

ecia

lly y

outh

and

incr

ease

d pr

essu

re o

n th

e na

tura

l res

ourc

e ba

se.

We

will

foc

us o

n po

or r

ural

hou

seho

lds

in f

ood

inse

cure

wor

edas

of

SN

NP

R a

nd T

igra

y, p

artic

ular

ly o

n w

omen

hea

ded

farm

ing

hous

ehol

ds a

nd la

ndle

ss y

outh

. We

aim

to

wor

k on

ec

onom

ic e

mpo

wer

men

t of

poo

r fa

rmer

s, e

spec

ially

wom

en, i

ncre

ased

gro

wth

of

resi

lient

and

nut

ritio

us f

ood

varie

ties,

ref

ores

tatio

n of

wat

er c

atch

men

ts, i

nclu

ding

hom

este

ad

woo

dlot

s an

d ac

cess

to

impr

oved

fue

l effi

cien

t co

ok-s

tove

s an

d su

ppor

t to

Clim

ate

Res

ilien

t G

reen

Eco

nom

y in

itiat

ive.

29 I

n E

thio

pia

a qu

inta

l is

defin

ed a

s eq

uiva

lent

to

100

kilo

gram

s

30 R

esid

ual i

ncom

e is

the

am

ount

of

mon

ey a

hou

seho

ld h

as le

ft a

fter

exp

endi

ture

on

food


Out

put

3: 31

32

Go

alB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Sup

port

Eth

iopi

a’s

grow

th a

nd p

over

ty r

educ

tion

plan

s so

tha

t th

e po

or b

enefi

t fr

om, a

nd c

ontr

ibut

e to

, equ

itabl

e ec

onom

ic, s

ocia

l and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

evel

opm

ent

>

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Inde

x S

core

0.3

96 (2

012)

>

Gin

i Coe

ffici

ent

29.8

(UN

DP

201

3)

>

GD

P p

er c

apita

(PP

P) $

1,01

7 (2

013)

Ou

tco

me

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

Poo

r, ru

ral,

hous

ehol

ds a

re m

ore

resi

lient

to

econ

omic

, soc

ial,

and

envi

ronm

enta

l str

esse

s an

d sh

ocks

>

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

28.7

(201

2)

>

Rur

al P

over

ty H

eadc

ount

30.

4% (2

012)

>

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

Gov

erna

nce

47.6

(201

2)

>

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y ra

tio 6

76/1

00,0

00 (2

011)

Ob

ject

ives

Bas

elin

e31 S

tati

stic

s

To im

prov

e th

e ab

ilitie

s of

poo

r ru

ral h

ouse

hold

s’ t

o re

spon

d an

d ad

apt

to t

he a

ffec

ts o

f cl

imat

e ch

ange

and

oth

er s

hock

s

>%

of

PS

NP

hou

seho

lds

repo

rtin

g ze

ro f

ood

gap

7% (2

010)

>

Perc

enta

ge o

f wom

en w

ho h

ave

deci

sion

mak

ing

pow

er in

agr

icul

tura

l act

iviti

es a

nd o

utpu

ts 3

2% fo

r Ti

gray

and

34.

5% fo

r SN

NP

>

Num

ber

and

qual

ity o

f Jo

int

Act

ion

Pla

ns (a

s a

resu

lt of

Soc

ial A

ccou

ntab

ility

) agr

eed

betw

een

citiz

ens

and

serv

ice

prov

ider

s fo

r se

rvic

e qu

ality

impr

ovem

ent

at lo

cal l

evel

s 0

(201

2)

>

Are

a w

ith im

prov

ed la

nd a

nd w

ater

man

agem

ent

tech

nolo

gies

494

40 h

a (2

010)

>

New

pro

-poo

r so

cial

pro

tect

ion

safe

ty n

et p

rogr

amm

e de

velo

ped

with

gov

ernm

ent

to s

ucce

ed P

SN

P32

Ris

ksC

riti

cal S

ucc

ess

Fact

ors

>

The

oper

atin

g en

viro

nmen

t fo

r ci

vil s

ocie

ty b

ecom

es

mor

e re

stric

tive

>

Gov

ernm

ent

perc

eptio

ns o

f C

SO

’s o

r do

nors

aff

ect

the

inde

pend

ence

and

abi

lity

of p

rogr

amm

es t

o op

erat

e

>

Wea

k ab

ility

to

capt

ure

resu

lts a

nd s

how

pro

gram

me

impa

ct

>

Clo

se m

onito

ring

and

eval

uatio

n of

pro

gram

mes

to

high

light

use

fuln

ess

of c

ivil

soci

ety

>

Con

tinue

d tr

ansp

aren

cy a

nd d

ialo

gue

with

gov

ernm

ent,

adv

ocat

ing

for

bett

er o

pera

ting

envi

ronm

ent

31

ESA

P: th

e st

artin

g po

int i

s ph

ase

I, th

e pi

lots

in 2

007-

2009

whe

re 1

2 Le

ad C

SOs

enga

ged.

ESA

P II

base

line

was

laun

ched

in A

pril

2013

. Bas

elin

e ha

s 2

roun

ds o

f dat

a co

llect

ion-

mid

201

3 an

d a

follo

w

up in

201

5. 4

000

HH

in 4

0 C

ontr

ol a

nd T

rial w

ered

as in

4 re

gion

s, 2

50 k

ebel

es. W

hile

the

MA

cap

ture

s cu

rren

t lev

els

of c

itize

ns’ e

ngag

emen

t, th

e IE

cap

ture

s in

dica

tors

of H

H w

elfa

re a

s th

ey re

late

to

citiz

ens

enga

gem

ent a

nd S

A (c

itize

ns p

artic

ipat

ion,

per

cept

ions

of a

cces

s, q

ualit

y in

bas

ic s

ervi

ce d

eliv

ery

and

wel

fare

out

com

es fo

r HH

). C

urre

ntly

30

out o

f 49

gran

tees

C

SS

P: 8

7 (c

urre

nt #

) gra

ntee

bas

elin

es t

o be

dev

elop

ed a

fter

com

plet

ion

of o

rgan

izat

ion

scor

e ca

rd a

sses

smen

t; w

ider

RF

to in

dica

te p

over

ty r

elat

ed c

hang

es/r

esul

ts; 4

6% h

tR, 3

3% g

irls

and

wom

en (c

urre

nt)

32 P

SN

P r

esul

ts in

dica

tors

to

be u

pdat

ed f

rom

bas

elin

e of

new

soc

ial p

rote

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

e


Out

put

3: (

cont

inue

d)

Ou

tpu

ts f

or

CS

PP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rsB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Incr

ease

d ca

paci

ty o

f C

SO

s an

d ci

tizen

s to

pa

rtic

ipat

e in

dev

elop

men

t pr

oces

ses

and

hold

th

em a

ccou

ntab

le

1. P

artic

ipat

ion

of c

itize

ns a

nd c

itize

ns g

roup

s in

bud

get

form

ulat

ion

and

actio

n pl

an d

evel

opm

ent

(in s

elec

ted

wor

edas

)

2. C

SO

s ca

paci

ty t

o re

spon

d to

prio

ritie

s of

the

poo

r

1. 2

1%

2. T

BC

Key

Str

ateg

ies:

>

Cap

acity

dev

elop

men

t of

CS

Os

>

Mai

nstr

eam

ing

gove

rnan

ce, g

ende

r, H

IV/A

IDS

and

clim

ate

chan

ge

>

Coh

eren

ce a

nd b

ette

r ex

ploi

tatio

n of

sup

port

to

regi

ons

to e

nsur

e th

at t

he g

ood

exam

ples

fro

m c

ivil

soci

ety

prog

ram

mes

are

iden

tified

and

sca

led

up b

y re

gion

>

Lear

ning

, pol

icy

dial

ogue

and

par

tner

ship

dev

elop

men

t ar

ound

civ

il so

ciet

y is

sues

Pro

ble

m S

tate

men

t:

The

oper

atin

g en

viro

nmen

t fo

r ci

vil s

ocie

ty in

Eth

iopi

a is

am

ong

the

mos

t re

stric

tive

in t

he w

orld

. ‘Fo

reig

n ch

ariti

es’ (

defin

ed in

the

law

as

char

ities

tha

t ge

t m

ore

than

10%

of

thei

r fu

ndin

g fr

om a

broa

d) a

re p

rohi

bite

d fr

om e

ngag

ing

with

a n

umbe

r of

rig

hts-

base

d ac

tiviti

es in

clud

ing

gend

er e

qual

ity, h

uman

rig

hts

and

confl

ict

reso

lutio

n. T

he C

harit

ies

and

Soc

ietie

s P

rocl

amat

ion

was

acc

ompa

nied

in 2

011

by e

ight

dire

ctiv

es o

n th

e im

plem

enta

tion

of t

he la

w. T

he d

irect

ive

whi

ch h

as c

ause

d th

e m

ost

disq

uiet

am

ongs

t do

nor

and

NG

O c

omm

uniti

es p

uts

a 30

% c

ap o

n ex

pens

es f

or a

dmin

istr

ativ

e co

sts.

Thi

s w

ould

be

reas

onab

le b

ut f

or t

he u

ncon

vent

iona

l defi

nitio

n of

adm

inis

trat

ive

cost

s w

hich

has

bee

n ad

opte

d, w

hich

incl

udes

all

mon

itorin

g an

d ev

alua

tion

activ

ities

, cap

acity

bui

ldin

g, p

roje

ct v

ehic

les

cost

s, p

roje

ct s

taff

sal

arie

s an

d co

nsul

tanc

ies.

Thi

s de

finiti

on h

as m

ade

the

guid

elin

e al

mos

t im

poss

ible

to

mee

t an

d se

vere

ly r

estr

icts

the

wor

k of

CS

Os.

Due

to

the

impo

rtan

ce o

f ci

vil s

ocie

ty s

pace

, as

outli

ned

in O

ne W

orld

One

Fut

ure

and

in t

he E

U’s

Age

nda

for

Cha

nge,

and

giv

en Ir

ish

Aid

Eth

iopi

a’s

com

para

tive

adva

ntag

e in

th

e ar

ea, o

ur w

ork

with

the

Civ

il S

ocie

ty S

uppo

rt P

rogr

amm

e an

d th

e E

thio

pian

Soc

ial A

ccou

ntab

ility

Pro

gram

me

and

effo

rts

to e

ngag

e w

ith t

he G

over

nmen

t w

ill s

eek

to im

prov

e th

e op

erat

iona

l env

ironm

ent.

Hav

ing

a st

rong

civ

il so

ciet

y is

not

onl

y a

posi

tive

gove

rnan

ce e

nd in

itse

lf, a

s a

foun

datio

n fo

r an

y fu

ture

tra

nsiti

on t

o a

mor

e pl

ural

istic

dem

ocra

cy,

but

is a

lso

vita

l to

the

achi

evem

ent

of t

he w

ider

CS

P r

esul

ts a

nd t

he G

over

nmen

t’s o

wn

GTP

tar

gets

esp

ecia

lly t

hrou

gh in

CS

O’s

rol

e in

inno

vatio

n an

d re

achi

ng m

argi

nalis

ed

popu

latio

ns.


Out

put

4:G

oal

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

Sup

port

Eth

iopi

a’s

grow

th a

nd p

over

ty r

educ

tion

plan

s so

tha

t th

e po

or b

enefi

t fr

om, a

nd c

ontr

ibut

e to

, equ

itabl

e ec

onom

ic, s

ocia

l and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

evel

opm

ent

>

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Inde

x S

core

0.3

96 (2

012)

>

Gin

i Coe

ffici

ent

29.8

(UN

DP

201

3)

>

GD

P p

er c

apita

(PP

P) $

1,01

7 (2

013)

Ou

tco

me

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

Poo

r, ru

ral,

hous

ehol

ds a

re m

ore

resi

lient

to

econ

omic

, soc

ial,

and

envi

ronm

enta

l str

esse

s an

d sh

ocks

>

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

28.7

(201

2)

>

Rur

al P

over

ty H

eadc

ount

30.

4% (2

012)

>

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

Gov

erna

nce

47.6

(201

2)

>

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y ra

tio 6

76/1

00,0

00 (2

011)

Ob

ject

ives

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

To im

prov

e th

e nu

triti

on a

nd h

ealth

of

poor

rur

al w

omen

and

chi

ldre

n

> M

inim

um d

ieta

ry d

iver

sity

am

ong

6-23

mon

ths

old

child

ren

5% (2

011)

>

Inst

itutio

nal d

eliv

ery

10%

(201

1)

>

Impr

oved

ran

king

in h

unge

r an

d nu

triti

on c

omm

itmen

t in

dex

25 (2

012)

>

Min

imum

acc

epta

ble

diet

4%

(201

1)

>

Ant

enat

al c

are

cove

rage

34%

(201

1)

>

SU

N f

ram

ewor

k im

plem

ente

d by

GoE

Ris

ksC

riti

cal S

ucc

ess

Fact

ors

>

Lim

ited

polit

ical

sup

port

and

res

ourc

ing

for

nutr

ition

>

Lim

ited

spac

e fo

r po

licy

leve

l inp

ut

>

Pot

entia

l pro

blem

s w

ith p

artn

er fi

nanc

ial m

anag

emen

t sy

stem

s

>

Und

erst

affe

d he

alth

and

nut

ritio

n te

am

>

Pol

icy

dial

ogue

aro

und

need

for

gre

ater

fun

ding

by

the

Eth

iopi

an g

over

nmen

t to

th

e nu

triti

on s

ecto

r

>

Rob

ust

finan

cial

, aud

it an

d te

chni

cal a

ppra

isal

and

mon

itorin

g of

all

fund

ing

rela

tions

hips

for

ac

coun

tabi

lity

and

resu

lts

>

Rob

ust

enga

gem

ent

and

supp

ort

for

soci

al a

ccou

ntab

ility

sys

tem

s in

nut

ritio

n


Out

put

4: (

cont

inue

d)

Ou

tpu

ts f

or

CS

PP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rsB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Impr

oved

fee

ding

pra

ctic

es a

nd c

onsu

mpt

ion

of a

be

tter

qua

lity

diet

by

unde

r 5

child

ren,

ado

lesc

ent

girls

, and

wom

en

1. P

erce

ntag

e of

hou

seho

lds

with

iodi

zed

salt

2. I

ncre

ased

pro

port

ion

of h

ouse

hold

s co

nsum

ing

Vita

min

A

and

iron

ric

h fo

ods

3. N

atio

nal f

ood

fort

ifica

tion

allia

nce

esta

blis

hed

and

beco

me

func

tiona

l

1. 1

5% (D

HS

201

1)

2. T

BC

fro

m p

artn

ers/

proj

ects

, Mic

ronu

trie

nt s

urve

y (r

esul

ts

due

2014

)

3. 0

/Abs

ent

Key

Str

ateg

ies:

>

Faci

litat

e re

sear

ch a

nd le

arni

ng, e

spec

ially

at

a re

gion

al le

vel,

iden

tifyi

ng o

ppor

tuni

ties

for

scal

ing-

up in

nova

tive

appr

oach

es

>

Mai

nstr

eam

ing

of g

ende

r, cl

imat

e ch

ange

, HIV

/AID

S a

nd g

over

nanc

e

>

Cap

acity

bui

ldin

g to

par

tner

s an

d go

vern

men

t bo

dies

>

Act

ive

enga

gem

ent

in d

evel

opm

ent

part

ners

and

hig

h le

vel f

ora

to s

uppo

rt a

nd s

tren

gthe

n m

ultis

ecto

ral r

espo

nse

to n

utrit

ion

Pro

ble

m S

tate

men

t:

Und

er n

utrit

ion

unde

rlies

50%

of

unde

r fiv

es d

eath

s in

Eth

iopi

a an

d se

vere

ly li

mits

the

dev

elop

men

t of

indi

vidu

als

and

the

coun

try33

. Cur

rent

ly 4

4% o

f ch

ildre

n un

der

the

age

of fi

ve a

re s

tunt

ed, w

hile

27%

of

Eth

iopi

an w

omen

are

too

thi

n an

d 17

% a

re a

naem

ic. A

s no

ted

earli

er, t

he e

ffec

ts o

f un

der-n

utrit

ion

on h

ealth

and

wel

lbei

ng, e

duca

tion

and

econ

omic

gro

wth

are

eno

rmou

s; e

stim

ated

to

be s

ome

16.5

% o

f G

DP.

Mic

ronu

trie

nt d

efici

enci

es (e

spec

ially

iron

, vita

min

A, a

nd io

dine

) are

als

o si

gnifi

cant

pub

lic h

ealth

pr

oble

ms.

Mal

nour

ishe

d gi

rls la

ter

expe

rienc

e a

high

er r

isk

of m

ater

nal d

eath

and

are

mor

e lik

ely

to g

ive

birt

h to

a lo

w b

irth

wei

ght

baby

. In

child

ren

unde

r 5,

rur

al c

hild

ren

are

mor

e lik

ely

than

the

ir ur

ban

peer

s to

be

both

was

ted

(10%

ver

sus

6%) a

nd s

tunt

ed (4

6% v

ersu

s 32

%).34

Iris

h A

id w

ill a

ddre

ss t

hese

issu

es t

hrou

gh s

uppo

rtin

g H

ealth

Ext

ensi

on W

orke

rs t

o ro

ll ou

t co

mm

unity

-bas

ed p

latf

orm

s fo

r nu

triti

on e

duca

tion

and

prom

otio

n; s

uppo

rtin

g m

icro

nutr

ient

sup

plem

enta

tion

and

de-w

orm

ing;

and

pro

mot

ing

brea

stfe

edin

g, d

ieta

ry d

iver

sity

and

com

plem

enta

ry f

eedi

ng.

33 U

NIC

EF

2012

Com

mun

ity b

ased

New

bor

n S

epsi

s M

anag

emen

t br

iefin

g, U

NIC

EF

Eth

iopi

a

34 I

bid.

Stu

ntin

g re

sults

fro

m c

hron

ic u

nder

-nut

ritio

n, w

hich

ret

ards

line

ar g

row

th, w

here

as w

astin

g re

sults

fro

m in

adeq

uate

nut

ritio

n ov

er a

sh

orte

r pe

riod,


Out

put

5:G

oal

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

Sup

port

Eth

iopi

a’s

grow

th a

nd p

over

ty r

educ

tion

plan

s so

tha

t th

e po

or b

enefi

t fr

om, a

nd c

ontr

ibut

e to

, equ

itabl

e ec

onom

ic, s

ocia

l and

en

viro

nmen

tal d

evel

opm

ent

>

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Inde

x S

core

0.3

96 (2

012)

>

Gin

i Coe

ffici

ent

29.8

(UN

DP

201

3)

>

GD

P p

er c

apita

(PP

P) $

1,01

7 (2

013)

Ou

tco

me

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

Poo

r, ru

ral,

hous

ehol

ds a

re m

ore

resi

lient

to

econ

omic

, soc

ial,

and

envi

ronm

enta

l str

esse

s an

d sh

ocks

>

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

28.7

(201

2)

>

Rur

al P

over

ty H

eadc

ount

30.

4% (2

012)

>

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

Gov

erna

nce

47.6

(201

2)

>

Mat

erna

l Mor

talit

y ra

tio 6

76/1

00,0

00 (2

011)

Ob

ject

ives

Bas

elin

e S

tati

stic

s

To im

prov

e th

e nu

triti

on a

nd h

ealth

of

poor

rur

al w

omen

and

chi

ldre

n

> M

inim

um d

ieta

ry d

iver

sity

am

ong

6-23

mon

ths

old

child

ren

5%

(201

1)

>

Inst

itutio

nal d

eliv

ery

10%

(201

1)

>

Impr

oved

ran

king

in h

unge

r an

d nu

triti

on c

omm

itmen

t in

dex

25

(201

2)

>

Min

imum

acc

epta

ble

diet

4%

(201

1)

>

Ant

enat

al c

are

cove

rage

34%

(201

1)

>

SU

N f

ram

ewor

k im

plem

ente

d by

GoE

Ris

ksC

riti

cal S

ucc

ess

Fact

ors

>

Pot

entia

l pro

blem

s w

ith fi

nanc

ial m

anag

emen

t sy

stem

s in

the

Min

istr

y of

Hea

lth a

nd R

egio

nal H

ealth

Bur

eaus

>

Ope

ratio

nal c

apac

ity c

onst

rain

ts a

t se

ctor

al le

vel a

ffec

t pr

ogra

mm

e im

plem

enta

tion

>

Det

erio

ratio

n in

gov

erna

nce

and

incr

ease

in p

oliti

cisa

tion

of a

id/s

ocia

l se

rvic

es p

reve

nts

furt

her

supp

ort

to g

over

nmen

t se

rvic

es

>

Und

erst

affe

d he

alth

and

nut

ritio

n te

am

>

Rob

ust

finan

cial

, aud

it an

d te

chni

cal a

ppra

isal

and

mon

itorin

g of

all

fund

ing

rela

tions

hips

for

ac

coun

tabi

lity

and

resu

lts

>

Sup

port

to

regi

onal

hea

lth b

urea

us a

nd p

artn

ers

to e

nhan

ce t

echn

ical

and

fina

ncia

l man

agem

ent

capa

citie

s

>

Eng

agem

ent

with

and

sup

port

for

soc

ial a

ccou

ntab

ility

sys

tem

s in

hea

lth


Out

put

5: (

cont

inue

d)

Ou

tpu

ts f

or

CS

PP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rsB

asel

ine

Sta

tist

ics

Incr

ease

use

of

impr

oved

mat

erna

l hea

lth c

are

serv

ices

by

poor

ado

lesc

ent

girls

and

wom

en1.

Per

cent

age

of h

ealth

fac

ilitie

s pr

ovid

ing

Bas

ic E

mer

genc

y O

bste

tric

s an

d N

eona

tal C

are

2. I

ncre

ased

pro

port

ion

of f

acili

ties

with

fun

ctio

nal e

lect

ricity

an

d w

ater

sup

ply

3. I

ncre

ased

clie

nt s

atis

fact

ion

with

mat

erna

l hea

lth s

ervi

ces

4. I

ncre

ased

cov

erag

e of

mat

erna

l iro

n su

pple

men

tatio

n du

ring

AN

C w

ith b

asel

ine

stat

istic

s.

1. T

BC

2. T

BC

3. T

BC

4. 1

7% (2

011)

Key

Str

ateg

ies:

>

Faci

litat

e re

sear

ch a

nd le

arni

ng, e

spec

ially

at

a re

gion

al le

vel,

iden

tifyi

ng o

ppor

tuni

ties

for

scal

ing-

up in

nova

tive

appr

oach

es

>

Mai

nstr

eam

ing

of g

ende

r, H

IV/A

IDS

, clim

ate

chan

ge a

nd g

over

nanc

e

Pro

ble

m S

tate

men

t:

With

a m

ater

nal m

orta

lity

rate

of

676/

100,

000

Eth

iopi

a is

sig

nific

antly

beh

ind

in m

eetin

g M

DG

4 b

y 20

15. T

he la

ck o

f sk

illed

att

enda

nce

at b

irths

and

ver

y lo

w r

ate

of d

eliv

ery

at

heal

th c

are

inst

itutio

ns (l

ess

than

10%

, but

up

from

5%

) alo

ng w

ith a

rel

ativ

ely

high

rat

e of

tee

nage

pre

gnan

cy a

re im

port

ant

fact

ors

behi

nd t

he h

igh

mat

erna

l dea

ths

ratio

. Ear

ly

mar

riage

is c

omm

on in

Eth

iopi

a w

here

1 in

5 w

omen

are

mar

ried

by t

heir

15th

birt

hday

. 17%

of

girls

age

d 15

-19

have

alre

ady

beco

me

mot

hers

or

are

preg

nant

with

the

ir fir

st

child

. Girl

s w

ho b

ear

child

ren

befo

re t

hey

are

15 y

ears

old

are

five

tim

es m

ore

likel

y to

die

fro

m p

regn

ancy

rel

ated

cau

ses

(com

pare

d to

old

er m

othe

rs).

Hea

lth c

are

expe

nditu

re

per

capi

ta in

Eth

iopi

a is

low

, est

imat

ed in

201

1 by

WH

O a

t U

S$

23 (u

p fr

om U

S$

16 in

200

8). O

f th

is e

xpen

ditu

re, 2

9% c

omes

fro

m h

ouse

hold

s th

emse

lves

and

16%

fro

m

Gov

ernm

ent

(dow

n fr

om 2

1% in

200

8). T

he r

emai

ning

52%

is fi

nanc

ed b

y de

velo

pmen

t pa

rtne

rs.

Thro

ugh

supp

ortin

g th

e na

tiona

l hea

lth f

ram

ewor

k vi

a th

e m

odal

ity o

f th

e m

ulti-

dono

r H

ealth

MD

G P

erfo

rman

ce F

und

we

will

incr

ease

acc

ess

to h

ealth

ser

vice

s, p

rovi

de

acce

lera

ted

trai

ning

to

mid

wiv

es, p

rom

ote

repr

oduc

tive

heal

th, i

ncre

ase

the

prev

entio

n of

mot

her

to c

hild

tra

nsm

issi

on o

f H

IV a

nd im

prov

e co

mm

unity

mob

ilisa

tion.

We

will

al

so w

ork

with

par

tner

s in

Tig

ray

and

SN

NP

R, i

nclu

ding

the

reg

iona

l bur

eaus

of

heal

th t

o st

reng

then

the

ir lo

cal r

espo

nse

to t

he c

risis

in m

ater

nal h

ealth

and

tak

e op

port

uniti

es t

o ‘g

reen

’ the

hea

lth s

ecto

r fo

r ex

ampl

e by

inst

allin

g so

lar

pane

ls.


CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

Met

ho

dR

esp

on

sib

ility

of

Co

llect

ion

an

d

rep

ort

ing

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Go

al:

to s

uppo

rt E

thio

pia’

s gr

owth

an

d po

vert

y re

duct

ion

plan

s so

tha

t th

e po

or b

enefi

t fr

om, a

nd c

ontr

ibut

e to

, eq

uita

ble

econ

omic

, soc

ial a

nd

envi

ronm

enta

l dev

elop

men

t

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Inde

x S

core

0.39

6

(201

2)H

uman

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t (U

ND

P)

Hea

d of

D

evel

opm

ent

Ann

ual

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Hum

an

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t 20

18

Gin

i Coe

ffici

ent

29.8

(2

000

– 20

10

– H

uman

de

velo

pmen

t R

epor

t 20

12)

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Rep

ort

(UN

DP

)H

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Hum

an

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t 20

18

GD

P p

er c

apita

(PP

P)

$1,0

17

(201

3 in

co

nsta

nt 2

005

pric

es)

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Rep

ort

(UN

DP

)H

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Hum

an

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t 20

18

Ou

tco

me

1P

oor,

rura

l, ho

useh

olds

are

m

ore

resi

lient

to

econ

omic

, so

cial

, and

env

ironm

enta

l st

ress

es a

nd s

hock

s

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

28.7

(2

012)

IFP

RI G

loba

l hun

ger

Inde

xH

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

2018

Rur

al P

over

ty H

eadc

ount

30.4

%

(201

2)G

TP In

terim

rep

ort

on

pove

rty

anal

ysis

Hea

d of

D

evel

opm

ent

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

GTP

rev

iew

201

5

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

G

over

nanc

e46

.7

(201

1)M

o Ib

rahi

m

Foun

datio

nH

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

G

over

nanc

e 20

18

Mat

erna

l mor

talit

y ra

tio67

6/

100,

000

Dem

ogra

phic

and

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2011

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Eve

ry 5

yea

rsas

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Dem

ogra

phic

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2020

Ann

ex 3

:38 Ethiopia Country Strategy Paper 2014–2018

CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

Met

ho

dR

esp

on

sib

ility

of

Co

llect

ion

an

d

rep

ort

ing

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Go

al:

to s

uppo

rt E

thio

pia’

s gr

owth

an

d po

vert

y re

duct

ion

plan

s so

tha

t th

e po

or b

enefi

t fr

om, a

nd c

ontr

ibut

e to

, eq

uita

ble

econ

omic

, soc

ial a

nd

envi

ronm

enta

l dev

elop

men

t

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Inde

x S

core

0.39

6

(201

2)H

uman

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t (U

ND

P)

Hea

d of

D

evel

opm

ent

Ann

ual

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Hum

an

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t 20

18

Gin

i Coe

ffici

ent

29.8

(2

000

– 20

10

– H

uman

de

velo

pmen

t R

epor

t 20

12)

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Rep

ort

(UN

DP

)H

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Hum

an

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t 20

18

GD

P p

er c

apita

(PP

P)

$1,0

17

(201

3 in

co

nsta

nt 2

005

pric

es)

Hum

an D

evel

opm

ent

Rep

ort

(UN

DP

)H

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Hum

an

Dev

elop

men

t R

epor

t 20

18

Ou

tco

me

1P

oor,

rura

l, ho

useh

olds

are

m

ore

resi

lient

to

econ

omic

, so

cial

, and

env

ironm

enta

l st

ress

es a

nd s

hock

s

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

28.7

(2

012)

IFP

RI G

loba

l hun

ger

Inde

xH

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Glo

bal H

unge

r In

dex

2018

Rur

al P

over

ty H

eadc

ount

30.4

%

(201

2)G

TP In

terim

rep

ort

on

pove

rty

anal

ysis

Hea

d of

D

evel

opm

ent

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

GTP

rev

iew

201

5

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

G

over

nanc

e46

.7

(201

1)M

o Ib

rahi

m

Foun

datio

nH

ead

of

Dev

elop

men

tA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Ibra

him

Inde

x of

Afr

ican

G

over

nanc

e 20

18

Mat

erna

l mor

talit

y ra

tio67

6/

100,

000

Dem

ogra

phic

and

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2011

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Eve

ry 5

yea

rsas

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Dem

ogra

phic

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2020

CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t: (c

ontin

ued)

35 36

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

Met

ho

dR

esp

on

sib

ility

of

Co

llect

ion

an

d

rep

ort

ing

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Ob

ject

ive

1:To

impr

ove

the

abili

ties

of

poor

rur

al h

ouse

hold

s’ t

o re

spon

d an

d ad

apt

to t

he

affe

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

and

ot

her

shoc

ks

% o

f P

SN

P h

ouse

hold

s re

port

ing

zero

foo

d ga

p7%

(2

010)

Food

Sec

urity

P

rogr

amm

e Im

pact

E

valu

atio

n

Soc

ial P

rote

ctio

n P

rogr

amm

e M

anag

erE

very

2 y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Food

Sec

urity

P

rogr

amm

e Im

pact

E

valu

atio

n 20

15

Per

cent

age

of w

omen

who

ha

ve d

ecis

ion

mak

ing

pow

er

in a

gric

ultu

ral a

ctiv

ities

and

ou

tput

s

32%

fo

r Ti

gray

34.5

% f

or

SN

NP

(201

3)

Ope

ratio

nal

Res

earc

h Te

chno

logy

D

isse

min

atio

n P

rogr

amm

e ba

selin

e

Agr

icul

ture

and

liv

elih

ood

team

MTR

201

6as

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

MTR

201

6 fin

al

eval

uatio

n 20

18

(app

rox)

35

Num

ber

and

qual

ity o

f Jo

int

Act

ion

Pla

ns (a

s a

resu

lt of

Soc

ial A

ccou

ntab

ility

pr

ogra

mm

es) a

gree

d be

twee

n ci

tizen

s an

d se

rvic

e pr

ovid

ers

for

serv

ice

qual

ity

impr

ovem

ent

at lo

cal l

evel

s

0

(201

2)M

anag

emen

t A

gent

qu

arte

rly a

nd a

nnua

l re

port

s

Gov

erna

nce

Pro

gram

me

Man

ager

Qua

rter

ly a

nd

annu

alas

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

End

201

5-E

arly

20

16

Are

a w

ith im

prov

ed la

nd

and

wat

er m

anag

emen

t te

chno

logi

es

49,4

40 h

a (2

010)

Food

Sec

urity

Im

pact

Eva

luat

ion

Soc

ial P

rote

ctio

n P

rogr

amm

e M

anag

erE

very

2 y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Food

Sec

urity

P

rogr

amm

e Im

pact

E

valu

atio

n 20

15

New

pro

-poo

r so

cial

pr

otec

tion

safe

ty n

et

prog

ram

me

deve

lope

d w

ith

gove

rnm

ent

to s

ucce

ed

PS

NP

36

Not

exi

stin

gS

ocia

l Pro

tect

ion

Pro

gram

me

Man

ager

2014

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

2014

35 D

ate

of fi

nal e

valu

atio

n w

ill b

e es

tabl

ishe

d fo

llow

ing

the

reco

mm

enda

tions

of

the

Mid

Ter

m R

evie

w o

f th

e pr

ogra

mm

e in

201

4

36 P

SN

P r

esul

ts in

dica

tors

to

be u

pdat

ed f

rom

bas

elin

e of

new

soc

ial p

rote

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

e


CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t: (c

ontin

ued)

37

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

Met

ho

dR

esp

on

sib

ility

of

Co

llect

ion

an

d

rep

ort

ing

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Ob

ject

ive

2:To

impr

ove

the

nutr

ition

and

he

alth

of

poor

rur

al w

omen

an

d ch

ildre

n

Min

imum

die

tary

div

ersi

ty

amon

g 6-

23 m

onth

s ol

d ch

ildre

n,

5%

(201

1)D

emog

raph

ic a

nd

Hea

lth S

urve

y 20

11H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

am M

anag

erE

very

5 y

ears

2016

Dem

ogra

phic

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2020

37

Inst

itutio

nal d

eliv

ery

10%

(2

011)

D

emog

raph

ic a

nd

Hea

lth S

urve

y 20

11H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

am M

anag

erE

very

5 y

ears

2016

Dem

ogra

phic

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2020

Impr

oved

ran

king

in h

unge

r an

d nu

triti

on c

omm

itmen

t in

dex

25

(201

2)H

unge

r an

d N

utrit

ion

Com

mitm

ent

Inde

x 20

12

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Ann

ual

Hun

ger

and

Nut

ritio

n C

omm

itmen

t In

dex

2018

Min

imum

acc

epta

ble

diet

4%

(201

1)D

emog

raph

ic a

nd

Hea

lth S

urve

y 20

11H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

am M

anag

erE

very

5 y

ears

20

16D

emog

raph

ic

Hea

lth S

urve

y 20

20A

nten

atal

car

e co

vera

ge34

%

(201

1)D

emog

raph

ic a

nd

Hea

lth S

urve

y 20

11H

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

am M

anag

erE

very

5 y

ears

2016

Dem

ogra

phic

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2020

37 R

esul

ts f

rom

201

6 re

sults

will

be

used

to

info

rm t

he m

idte

rm r

evie

w o

f th

e M

TR. I

f th

e M

TR r

ecom

men

ds e

xten

ding

the

CS

P f

or a

noth

er 2

yea

rs, 2

020

resu

lts w

ill a

lign

with

the

ter

min

al

eval

uatio

n.


CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t: (c

ontin

ued)

38

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

Met

ho

dR

esp

on

sib

ility

of

Co

llect

ion

an

d

rep

ort

ing

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Ou

tpu

t 138

:Tr

ansi

tory

and

chr

onic

ally

vu

lner

able

rur

al p

eopl

e ha

ve a

cces

s to

pre

dict

able

, ac

coun

tabl

e an

d sc

alab

le

soci

al t

rans

fers

% o

f ho

useh

olds

rep

ortin

g th

at t

heir

com

mun

ity b

enefi

ted

from

env

ironm

enta

l pub

lic

wor

ks

41%

(2

010)

Food

Sec

urity

P

rogr

amm

e Im

pact

E

valu

atio

n

Soc

ial P

rote

ctio

n P

rogr

amm

e M

anag

erE

very

2 y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Food

Sec

urity

P

rogr

amm

e Im

pact

Eva

luat

ion

2015

Ave

rage

num

ber

of m

onth

s ho

useh

olds

rep

ort

bein

g fo

od

inse

cure

3.96

(2

010)

Food

Sec

urity

P

rogr

amm

e Im

pact

E

valu

atio

n

Soc

ial P

rote

ctio

n P

rogr

amm

e M

anag

erE

very

2 y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Food

Sec

urity

P

rogr

amm

e Im

pact

Eva

luat

ion

2015

Pro

gram

me

obje

ctiv

es,

targ

etin

g an

d gr

adua

tion

crite

ria, C

lient

Cha

rter

of

Rig

hts

and

resp

onsi

bilit

ies,

bud

get

and

appe

al p

roce

dure

s ar

e po

sted

in a

ll P

SN

P K

ebel

les

and

Wor

edas

0

(201

0)

The

PS

NP

Impa

ct

Eva

luat

ion

Soc

ial P

rote

ctio

n P

rogr

amm

e M

anag

erP

erio

dic

repo

rts

[Qua

rter

ly, S

emi-

annu

al a

nd a

nnua

l re

port

s]

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

The

PS

NP

Impa

ct

Eva

luat

ion

2015

38 P

SN

P r

esul

ts in

dica

tors

to

be u

pdat

ed f

rom

bas

elin

e of

new

soc

ial p

rote

ctio

n pr

ogra

mm

e


CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t: (c

ontin

ued)

39 40

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

Met

ho

dR

esp

on

sib

ility

of

Co

llect

ion

an

d

rep

ort

ing

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Ou

tpu

t 2:

Rur

al li

velih

oods

tha

t ar

e cl

imat

e-sm

art,

gen

der

and

nutr

ition

sen

sitiv

e su

ppor

ted

and

prom

oted

to

scal

e

Cha

nge

in, p

rodu

ctiv

ity

per

hect

are

(in

quin

tals

39)

Food

cro

p 17

,R

oot

crop

44

and

,Fr

uit

and

vege

tabl

e 84

(2

009/

10)

Ope

ratio

nal

Res

earc

h Te

chno

logy

D

isse

min

atio

n P

rogr

amm

e,

Bur

eaus

of

Agr

icul

ture

Agr

icul

ture

and

liv

elih

ood

team

Ann

ual

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Ope

ratio

nal

Res

earc

h P

rogr

am

eval

uatio

n,

MTR

201

6 fin

al

eval

uatio

n 20

18

(app

rox)

GTP

ter

min

al

eval

uatio

n - 2

015/

16

Are

a of

land

cov

ered

w

ith a

gro-

fore

stry

pr

actic

es a

nd m

ulti-

purp

ose

tree

s (‘0

00

hect

are)

Mul

tipur

pose

tre

es

6,05

8 an

d fo

rest

13

,000

(200

9/10

) Ti

gray

(469

.26h

a)

GTP

pol

icy

mat

rix

base

line

; Bur

eau

of A

gric

ultu

re

base

line

Agr

icul

ture

and

liv

elih

ood

team

Ann

ual

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

GTP

fina

l eva

luat

ion

repo

rt -

2015

/16

Incr

ease

d nu

mbe

r of

be

nefic

iarie

s us

ing

alte

rnat

ive

ener

gy

Tigr

ay 2

33,2

35 a

nd

455,

000

this

is a

t ho

useh

old

and

inst

itutio

n le

vel

(201

2/13

)

GiZ

bas

elin

e re

port

Agr

icul

ture

and

liv

elih

ood

team

Ann

ual

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

GiZ

ter

min

al r

epor

t 20

15/1

6

Upt

ake

of n

utrit

ious

and

cl

imat

e ad

apte

d cr

op

varie

ties

41.4

2%O

pera

tiona

l R

esea

rch

Tech

nolo

gy

Dis

sem

inat

ion

Pro

gram

me

base

line

Agr

icul

ture

and

liv

elih

ood

team

Ann

ual

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

MTR

201

6, fi

nal

eval

uatio

n 20

18

(app

rox)

Res

idua

l ann

ual i

ncom

e of

hou

seho

lds40

Tigr

ay: 8

08.2

48 E

TB

(201

2)

Fa

rm A

fric

a re

port

ing

Agr

icul

ture

and

liv

elih

ood

team

MTR

201

5Fi

nal E

valu

atio

n 20

17

39 I

n E

thio

pia

a qu

inta

l is

defin

ed a

s eq

uiva

lent

to

100

kilo

gram

s

40 R

esid

ual i

ncom

e is

the

am

ount

of

mon

ey a

hou

seho

ld h

as le

ft a

fter

exp

endi

ture

on

food


CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t: (c

ontin

ued)

41

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

M

eth

od

Res

po

nsi

bili

ty o

f C

olle

ctio

n a

nd

re

po

rtin

g

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Ou

tpu

t 3:

Incr

ease

d ca

paci

ty o

f C

SO

s an

d ci

tizen

s to

par

ticip

ate

in

deve

lopm

ent

proc

esse

s an

d ho

ld t

hem

acc

ount

able

Par

ticip

atio

n of

ci

tizen

s an

d ci

tizen

s gr

oups

in b

udge

t fo

rmul

atio

n an

d ac

tion

plan

dev

elop

men

t (in

se

lect

ed w

ored

as)

21%

(2

013)

Man

agem

ent

Age

nt41

ann

ual

repo

rts

Gov

erna

nce

Pro

gram

me

Man

ager

Ann

ual

Rev

iew

mid

201

3E

nd 2

015-

Ear

ly

2016

CS

Os

capa

city

to

resp

ond

to p

riorit

ies

of

the

poor

TBC

Nov

embe

r 20

13M

anag

emen

t A

gent

six

mon

thly

an

d an

nual

rep

orts

Gov

erna

nce

Pro

gram

me

Man

ager

Six

mon

thly

and

an

nual

MTR

May

201

4E

nd o

f pr

ogra

mm

e ev

alua

tion

2015

-20

16

Ou

tpu

t 4:

Im

prov

ed f

eedi

ng p

ract

ices

an

d co

nsum

ptio

n of

a b

ette

r qu

ality

die

t by

und

er 5

ch

ildre

n, a

dole

scen

t gi

rls,

and

wom

en

Per

cent

age

of

hous

ehol

ds w

ith

iodi

zed

salt

15%

(2

011)

Dem

ogra

phic

and

H

ealth

Sur

vey

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Eve

ry fi

ve y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Dem

ogra

phic

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2018

Incr

ease

d pr

opor

tion

of

hous

ehol

ds c

onsu

min

g Vi

tam

in A

and

iron

ric

h fo

ods

(info

rmat

ion

from

pa

rtne

rs)

TBC

fro

m p

artn

ers/

proj

ects

Bas

elin

e da

ta

from

par

tner

s/m

icro

nutr

ient

su

rvey

(res

ults

du

e 20

14)

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Ann

ual

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Spe

cific

pro

ject

’s

eval

uatio

n re

port

20

18

Nat

iona

l foo

d fo

rtifi

catio

n al

lianc

e es

tabl

ishe

d an

d fu

nctio

nal

0/

Abs

ent

Par

tner

(GA

IN’s

) da

taH

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

am M

anag

erA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Par

tner

’s p

roje

ct

eval

uatio

n re

port

20

18

SU

N f

ram

ewor

k im

plem

ente

d by

GoE

Wea

k in

volv

emen

t an

d ow

ners

hip

SU

N r

epor

tH

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

am M

anag

erA

nnua

las

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

SU

N g

loba

l and

co

untr

y le

vel r

epor

t (2

018)

41 B

oth

CS

SP

and

ES

AP

hav

e R

esul

ts F

ram

ewor

ks w

hich

look

at

outc

omes

and

mor

e qu

alita

tive

aspe

cts

(incl

udin

g cr

oss

cutt

ing

issu

es s

uch

as g

ende

r)-e

g fo

r E

SA

P c

hang

es in

citi

zens

par

ticip

atio

n,

perc

eptio

n of

bas

ic s

ervi

ces

and

wel

fare

out

com

es; a

nd f

or C

SS

P c

hang

es in

pro

duct

ive

enga

gem

ent

% C

SO

s an

d go

vt/c

omm

uniti

es, s

ocio

-eco

nom

ic c

hang

es in

com

mun

ities

’ sta

tus,

cha

nges

in

CS

O c

apab

ility

for

res

pons

iven

ess,

acc

ount

abili

ty a

nd f

or d

ialo

gue


CS

P P

erfo

rman

ce A

sses

smen

t (co

ntin

ued)

Tim

ing

/Fre

qu

ency

of

Mea

sure

men

t

Ele

men

tP

erfo

rman

ce In

dic

ato

rB

asel

ine

Dat

a S

ou

rce/

Co

llect

ion

Met

ho

dR

esp

on

sib

ility

of

Co

llect

ion

an

d

rep

ort

ing

On

go

ing

M

easu

rem

ent

Fo

rmat

ive

Eva

luat

ion

Su

mm

ativ

e E

valu

atio

n

Ou

tpu

t 5:

Incr

ease

d us

e of

impr

oved

m

ater

nal h

ealth

car

e se

rvic

es

by p

oor

wom

en

Per

cent

age

of h

ealth

fa

cilit

ies

prov

idin

g B

asic

E

mer

genc

y O

bste

tric

an

d N

eona

tal C

are

TBC

Ser

vice

Pro

visi

on

Ass

essm

ent

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Eve

ry fi

ve y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Ser

vice

Pro

visi

on

Ass

essm

ent

201

8

Incr

ease

d pr

opor

tion

of

faci

litie

s w

ith f

unct

iona

l el

ectr

icity

and

wat

er

supp

ly

TBC

Ser

vice

Pro

visi

on

Ass

essm

ent

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Eve

ry fi

ve y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Ser

vice

Pro

visi

on

Ass

essm

ent

201

8

Incr

ease

d cl

ient

sa

tisfa

ctio

n w

ith

mat

erna

l hea

lth s

ervi

ces

TBC

Ser

vice

Pro

visi

on

Ass

essm

ent

Hea

lth a

nd N

utrit

ion

Pro

gram

Man

ager

Eve

ry fi

ve y

ears

as a

nd w

hen

requ

ired/

appr

opria

te

Ser

vice

Pro

visi

on

Ass

essm

ent

201

8

Incr

ease

d co

vera

ge

of m

ater

nal i

ron

supp

lem

enta

tion

durin

g A

NC

17%

(201

1)D

emog

raph

ic a

nd

Hea

lth S

urve

yH

ealth

and

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

am M

anag

erE

very

five

yea

rsas

and

whe

n re

quire

d/ap

prop

riate

Dem

ogra

phic

H

ealth

Sur

vey

2018


Ms Shefena Kasay, a farmer in Hawzien, Tigray region. Shefena’s farm has been changed immensely by Irish Aid supported projects. One of these initiatives focused on building small dams and creating terraces; all of these slow down the flow of water and allow it to collect underground leaving more moisture in the soil. The rise in the water table allowed Shefena to dig a well on her land and now she can irrigate vegetables which she sells for profit during the dry season. Photo: Irish Aid.

desig

n_w

ww

.redd

og

.ie

Irish Aid Department of Foreign Affairsand TradeRiverstone House Henry Street LimerickT: +353 (1) 408 2000E: [email protected]

Embassy of IrelandKazanchesGuinea Conakry StreetP.O.Box 9585Addis AbabaEthiopia

For further information on Irish Aid’s work go to: www.irishaid.ie

Country Strategy Paper 2014-2018 - Irish Aid...2012 MDG report for Africa and the 2013 Government of...

Documents

Transcript of Country Strategy Paper 2014-2018 - Irish Aid...2012 MDG report for Africa and the 2013 Government of...