12 maart 2012 Frank Linde,Science Caf Nijmegen

Lang geleden EmpedoclesPlatoAristotelesLeucippusDemocritus

Mendeleevs periodiek systeem

Quark model: Gell-mann (1964)

Het elektronMassa: 0.000000000000000000000000000910938188 gramGemiddelde levensduur: (oneindig) secondenElektrische lading: 0.00000000000000000016021765 CoulombSpin:

Het neutrinoMassa:

2-deeltjes verval

++++e+

2000

A neutrino experiment at Fermilab has seen the first direct evidence for the tau neutrino, the most elusive of the 12 particles that make up the Standard Model of the fundamental structure of matter.-massa 0

Leptonen=lichte deeltjesI II III

zijn szeldzaam?

supernova SN1987A neutrinos

supernova SN1987A neutrinos

Neutrino oscillaties

Neutrino oscillaties

Neutrino oscillaties

CNGSCERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso0.0025 s = 2.5 ms = 2,500,000 ns

CERN

CERN

Tijdprofiel -pulse at CERNprotons , K, protons , K,

LNGS: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso

OPERA detector-bundel

En OPERA event~16,000 -interacties ~100,000,000,000,000,000,000 Gran Sasso

En OPERA event

De metingAfstand CERN-OPERA: 731278.00.2 meterTijdverschil CERN-OPERA: 0.00000001 s = 10 ns stat: 6.9 ns & sys: 7.4 ns

Veel beter zou zijn

Het resultaatvergelijkgemeten&voorspeldetijdspectra

VervolgmetingenBOREXINOICARUS

Hoe verder?T2K295 kmNuMi720 kmJapanU.S.A.en check de calibraties

Intermezzo: Einstein & relativiteitReizen in de toekomst kan gewoon!

waarnemer in rustheen-en-weerperiode t van het licht:tik van de lichtklok in rust: tc=299792458 m/s (exact)

bewegend klokje tikt langzamer!tik van de lichtklok in beweging: t(ct)2 = 4L2+(vt)2 waarnemer beweegt met snelheid vheen-en-weerperiode t van het licht:c=299792458 m/s (exact) t

Breaking news (2 weeks ago!)The OPERA collaboration has informed its funding agencies and host laboratories that it has identified two possible effects that could have an influence on its neutrino timing measurement. These both require further tests with a short pulsed beam. If confirmed, one would increase the size of the measured effect, the other would diminish it. The first possible effect concerns an oscillator used to provide the time stamps for GPS synchronizations. It could have led to an overestimate of the neutrino's time of flight. The second concerns the optical fibre connector that brings the external GPS signal to the OPERA master clock, which may not have been functioning correctly when the measurements were taken. If this is the case, it could have led to an underestimate of the time of flight of the neutrinos. The potential extent of these two effects is being studied by the OPERA collaboration. New measurements with short pulsed beams are scheduled for May.

Breaking news (last week!)******************************************* Source: Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment Content: Press Release Date Issued: 8 March 2012 ******************************************* Announcing the First Results from Daya Bay: Discovery of a New Kind of Neutrino Transformation BEIJING; BERKELEY, CA; and UPTON, NY - The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment, a multinational collaboration operating in the south of China, today reported the first results of its search for the last, most elusive piece of a long-standing puzzle: how is it that neutrinos can appear to vanish as they travel? The surprising answer opens a gateway to a new understanding of fundamental physics and may eventually solve the riddle of why there is far more ordinary matter than antimatter in the universe today.

Implicatie: oorzaak gevolg