memLeehekeâ Deve›eâceefCekeâe - Pitambara Shakti...

Deveg›eâceefCekeâe

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MegYeeMebmeveced- jeOesMÙeece Mecee& 2

MegYeeMebmeveced- keâceueekeâevle ef$ehee"er 3mecheeokeâerÙe 4

1. lÙeeiesvewkesâ Dece=lelJeceeveMeg: 5[e@0 keâceueekeâevle ef$ehee"er

2. Gheemevee ceW DeeÛeej keâe cenòJe 8ceveespe ÛelegJexoer

3. veJeje$e ›ele 10ce=lÙegÀeÙe heeC[sÙe

4. Jesos<eg keâyeerjeled Øeekeâd Yeefòeâ: 13cenvle GcesMeoeme

5. Ûew$ele=leerÙeeos: ØeefleØemeJeceen YejÉepe: 18ceveespe ÛelegJexoer

6. Spiritual and Moral Aims of Education

according to Rigveda 23Pramod Kumar Pandey

7. Time : The Buddhist Perspective

Rajesh Upadhyaya 308. heerleecyeje Meefòeâ heer"ced kesâ keâeÙe& 32

mebmLeehekeâ[e@0 ceveespe kegâceej ÛelegJexoer

DeOÙe#eheerleecyeje Meefòeâ heer"ced, ueKeveT

mebj#ekeâheb0 keâceueekeâevle ef$ehee"er

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[e@0 osJesvõ efmebn Ûeewneve (IPS)peefmšme Sme0 Jeer0 Sme0 je"ewj

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ØekeâeMekeâ SJeb mecheeokeâ Dece=leebMe ÛelegJexoer Éeje mJeeceer ‘‘heerleecyejeMeefòeâheer"ced’’ kesâ he#e ceW meJeexoÙeDee@heâmesš ueKeveT mes cegefõle SJeb 11A 167, Je=voeJeve keâeueesveer, ueKeveT mes ØekeâeefMeleemail : pitambaramrit@gmail.com

efomecyej 2016Je<e&-1, Debkeâ-1

MegYeeMebmeveced

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ceveespe ÛelegJexoer peer hej DeleerJe ØemeVe nQ efkeâ Jes heerleecyejece=le ceW

efJeÉppeveeW keâes peesÌ[e nw~ efJeMJeeme nw efkeâ ‘heerleecyejece=le’ Deheves

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[e@. jeOesMÙeeceMecee& (JeemevlesÙe) hejcenbmeefpelesvõÛevoYeejleerÙe-ceneÙeesieMeesOemebmLeeve

ef$ehegjsMJejerMeefòeâheer" Meefkeälehegjced,jecehegj (G.Øe.)-244901

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MegYeeMebmeveced

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heef$ekeâeYÙe: mJekeâerÙeeb efJeefMe°eb jerefleveerefleceelevJeevee hejceesÛÛemlejerÙeienvelejefJeÛeejmejefCe-

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DeOÙe#e: ßeerkeâeMeerefJeÉlheefj<eodJeejeCemeer~

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he$eebkeâ..................... efoveebkeâ......................

heerleecyejece=leceeefmekeâ heef$ekeâe ØeJesMeebkeâ efomecyej 2016 ueKeveT

mecheeokeâerÙeefmeæheerleecyejeheer"megØekeâeefMeleefJe«ene ~heerleecyejece=leeefYeKÙee heef$ekeâe Yeeleg Yetleues ~~

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‘meleero wJelee fJeØeeCeecehÙe skeâmÙe Øekeâeshele:~ßeglees efn ØeefleJe=òeevleb $ewueeskeäÙemÙeeefhe efJehueJe:~~’ (1/272)

Fmes nceW Oece& kesâ Øeefle pevelee ceW DeemLee Øeoeve keâjkesâ ner jeskeâvee nw~ Oece& Deewj Meem$eÂ° Gheemevee ceW DeemLee ner Fmesjeskeâ mekeâleer nw~ Dele: Oece& kesâ Øeefle DeveemLee keâes jeskeâves keâer DeeJeMÙekeâlee nw~ Oece&Meem$eeW Deewj Oece& kesâ efueS peeefleieleJÙeJemLee ceW efJeYeso keâes Øeeslmeeefnle keâjkesâ meeceeefpekeâ mevlegueve efyeieeÌ[ves keâer ØeJe=efòe keâes jeskeâvee nesiee~ efJeYeso hewoe keâjkesâheejmheefjkeâ meecejmÙe efyeieeÌ[ keâj keâeÙe& keâjves keâer Dehes#ee keâesF& keâeÙe& ve keâjvee ner ßes‰ nw~ pevelee keâes Fme hej OÙeeve osveskeâer lelhejlee efoKeeÙeer os~ mecemÙeeÙeW meYeer JeieeX ceW meceeve nQ~ meYeer keâer peerefJekeâe Deewj heeefjJeeefjkeâ mecceeve DeeJeMÙekeâ nw~meYeer keâer megKemece=efæ hej OÙeeve osvee Meemekeâ keâe Oece& nw~ DeeOÙeeeflcekeâ efMe#ee kesâ ceeOÙece mes Oecee&vegketâue keâeÙe& FmeceWmeneÙekeâ nesiee~ DeeÛeejhegj:mej keâer ieÙeer Gheemevee DeÂ°Éeje meejer mecemÙeeDeeW keâes peÌ[ mes meceehle keâj mekeâleer nw~F&ceeveoejer mes Dee|pele mecheefòe keâe efJeYeeie keâjkesâ ÙeLeeJeled GheÙeesie keâjves hej megKeceÙe peerJeve pees Øeehle nesiee Jen DevÙeeÙele:Dee|pele mecheefòe mes mebYeJe veneR nw~ DevÙeeÙele: Oevemeb«en hetjs meceepe keâes ØeYeeefJele keâjlee nw, hetjs je°̂ keâes ØeYeeefJele keâjlee nw,Heâuele: oueeueer kesâ ceeOÙece mes Oevemeb«en keâer ØeJe=efòe keâes Ùee DevÙe GlkeâesÛe, keâceerMeveKeesjer keâer ØeJe=efòe keâes meceehle keâjkesâOecee&vegketâue vÙeeÙele: Øeehle Oeve hej mevlees<e keâjkesâ peerJeveÙeeheve mes GYeÙeueeskeâ megjef#ele jnsiee~ Øeke=âle heerleecyejece=le kesâceeOÙece mes hetjs efJeMJe ceW Ùener efoMee Øeoeve keâjves kesâ efueS nceeje Ùen ueIeg GÅece nw efpemeceW meYeer JeieeX keâe meeLe Dehesef#ele nw~YeieJeleer heerleecyeje nj Jeie& ceW megKeceÙe mebmeeOeve Øeoeve keâjW, Fmeer Dehes#ee kesâ meeLe nce Deheves keâeÙe& ceW Deeies yeÌ{les nQ~

efveMeevle ÛelegJexoer

heerleecyejece=le ceeefmekeâ heef$ekeâeØeJesMeebkeâ efomecyej 2016 ueKeveT

lÙeeiesvewkesâ Dece=lelJeceeveMeg:[e@. keâceueekeâevleef$ehee"er

DeOÙe#e, hetJe&ceerceebmeeefJeYeeie meb.meb.efJe.efJe., JeejeCemeer

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‘ÙeleesÓYÙegoÙeefve:ßesÙemeefmeefæ:me Oece&:~’

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‘lehee se fJeMe s<e w e |J ee fJeOe w ›e &le wMÛe ße ge fleÛee se fole w: ~Jeso: ke=âlmveesÓefOeievleJÙe: mejnmÙees efÉpevcevee ~~’

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‘keâce & lÙepe sce Ùee fo ve tveceOe: hele sceÙeÅeeÛejsce ve keâoee fhe YeJevlejsce ~

keâce & lÙepe se foe fle Ûejse foe fle me bØeJe =òeeJeeosve ke sâve e fveiecee Fefle ve Øeleerce: ~~’

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‘ÙeeÂMeb Yepeles efn m$eer megleb metles leLeeefJeOeced ~lemceeled ØepeeefJeMegodOÙeLeË efm$eÙeb j#esled ØeÙelvele: ~’ (cevegmce=efle 9/9)

ØeÙelvehetJe&keâ veeefjÙeeW keâer j#ee Meem$eeW ceW FmeefueS keâner ieÙeer nw efkeâ Oecee&veg‰eve kesâ ÙeesiÙe Megæ mevleeveW nesleer jnW~ Ùen leYeermebYeJe nw peye veeefjÙeeB mJelev$e ve jnW~ mJelev$e nes peeves hej Jes efyeieÌ[ peeleer nQ—efpeefce mJelev$e YeÙes efyeiejefnb veejer~ Fme efJe<eÙe ceWceveg keâe Ùen Oece& keâes ueskeâj Jesocetuekeâ mcejCe nw—

DemJelev$ee: efm$eÙe: keâeÙee&: heg®<ew: mJewe|oJeeefveMeced ~efJe<eÙes<eg Ûe meppevlÙe: mebmLeehÙee Deelcevees JeMes ~~

met#cesYÙeesÓefhe Øeme”sYÙe: efm$eÙees j#Ùee efJeMes<ele: ~ÉÙee s e |n ke gâueÙee s: Mee skeâceeJensÙe gje f#elee: ~~

Fceb e fn meJe &JeCee&veeb heMÙevlees Oece&cegòecece d ~Ùelevles jef#elebg YeeÙeeË Yelee&jes ogye&uee Deefhe ~~

mJeeb Øemete fleb Ûeefj$eb Ûe kegâueceelceevecesJe Ûe ~mJeÃe OeceË ØeÙelvesve peeÙeeb j#eved efn j#eefle ~~ (cevegmce=efle 9/2—5-6-7)

heg®<eeW keâe Ùen hejce Oece& nw efkeâ Jes veeefjÙeeW keâes mJelev$e ve jnves oW~ Iej kesâ keâeceeW ceW ueieekeâj GvnW JÙemle jKeW, DevÙeLee ceeveefmekeâJÙeefYeÛeej mebYeJe nw~ nj lejn mes Gvekeâer j#ee DeeJeMÙekeâ nw~ Deheves JeMe ceW jKe keâj Gvekeâer j#ee Ùeefo veneR keâer peeÙesieer lees Jes oesveeWkegâueeW kesâ efueS Meeskeâ keâe keâejCe neWieer~ ogye&ue heefle Yeer Deheveer helveer keâer j#ee ceW lelhej jnles nQ keäÙeeWefkeâ kegâueOece& GvneR kesâ Thejmegjef#ele jnlee nw~ helveer keâer j#ee keâjves Jeeuee heg®<e Deheveer mevleeveeW keâer, Deheves Ûeefj$e keâer, Deheves kegâue keâer Deewj Deheves Oece& keâerj#ee keâj mekeâlee nw~ Fmemes DeLee&led efmeæ neslee nw efkeâ Oece&efvejhes#elee kesâ ØeYeeJe ceW Deekeâj GvnW Keguee ÚesÌ[ efoÙee peeÙe lees heos heosDeveLe& keâer Øeeefhle nesieer~ Ùen yeele Oece&efvejhes#e vesleeDeeW keâes keâYeer mecePe ceW veneR DeeÙesieer~ ceefnueeDeeW keâe mebIešve Gvekeâer mJelev$eleekeâe heefjCeece nw~ mJelev$e ceefnueeDeeW kesâ leceece mebIešveeW kesâ ceeOÙece mes Oece&efvejhes#elee kesâ DeeÙeece keâes yeÌ{eves kesâ efueS Deveskeâ Oece&efJejesOeerkeâeÙe& keâjeÙes peeles nQ~ Oece&mLeueeW keâer MeeMJele ceÙee&oeDeeW keâes Fve mebIešveeW kesâ Éeje efÚVe-efYeVe efkeâÙee peelee nw~ jpemJeuee ceefnueeÙeWDeye ceefvojeW ceW ØeJesMe keâjvee Dehevee pevceefmeæ DeefOekeâej mecePeleer nQ~ vÙeeÙeeOeerMe Yeer JesoeW hej Dee#eshe keâjles osKes peeles nQ efkeâ neceexve

kesâ DeeOeej hej DeeefKej keâye lekeâ YesoYeeJe efkeâÙee peeÙesiee? keâF& mejkeâejer heefC[le Yeer ceefnueeDeeW kesâ mJeelev$Ùe keâe meceLe&ve keâjlesngS Gvekesâ efueS GheveÙeve, JesoeOÙeÙeve Deewj mebvÙeeme keâe meceLe&ve keâjles nQ~ Me¿jeÛeeÙe& keâer lepe& hej mJelev$e ceefnueeÙeW Deye heeJe&lÙeeÛeeÙe&yeveves keâer efpeo keâj jner nQ~ nvle! YeieJeleer heeJe&leer keâes Yeer Deye YeieJeeved efMeJe mes he=Lekedâ keâjves keâe <e[dÙev$e Fme Oece&efvejhes#e MeemeveceW Ûeue jne nw~ Ùen meye heg®<eeW keâer Oece& hej efMeefLeuelee keâe ner heefjCeece nw~ Fmeer efMeefLeuelee kesâ keâejCe Deepe Deye Ûeefj$e, kegâue,mevleefle, Oece& Deewj Deheveer Yeer j#ee keâjves ceW heg®<e DemeneÙe nes ieÙes nQ~ keäÙeeW? peeÙeeb j#eved efn j#eefle~ peeÙee keâer j#ee veneR nesjner nw~ peeÙee keâer j#ee ve nesves mes Oece& Demegjef#ele nes jne nw~ mJele: Jen lÙekeäle neskeâj DeOe:heleve keâe keâejCe nes jne nw~ Fve meejerÂef°ÙeeW mes ner keâne ieÙee nw—keâce& lÙepesce Ùeefo vetveceOe: helesce~ Ùeefo nce Deheves keâle&JÙe Oece& keâe ner lÙeeie keâj oWies lees efveMÛeÙener DeOeesieefle keâes Øeehle neWies~ keâce& kesâ lÙeeie mes DeOe:heleve neslee nw, Ùen leLÙe Jeso Deeefo Meem$e ner Øekeâš keâjles nQ~ F&MeeJeemÙeesheefve<eodceW DeeÙeg:heÙe&vle keâce& keâjves keâe GheosMe nw—

kegâJe&VesJesn keâcee&efCe efpepeerefJe<esÛÚleb mecee: ~ (1/2)

JeneR hej %eevejefnle keâce& keâer efvevoe keâjkesâ %eevemeefnle keâceeX keâer keâle&JÙelee keâe Øeefleheeove efkeâÙee ieÙee nw—

‘DevOevlece: ØeefJeMeefvle ÙesÓefJeÅeecegheemeles ~

lelees YetÙe FJe les lecees Ùe efJeÅeeÙeeb jlee: ~~’ (1/)

ÙeneB ‘lele:’ ceW uÙehueesheheÃeceer nw~ leLee Ûe, pees Deefivenes$e Deeefo keâecÙekeâce&™he DeefJeÅee keâer Gheemevee keâjles nQ Jes lecees™heDe%eeve ceW ØeJesMe keâjles nQ~ Jes ner Ùeefo Gve keâceeX keâe heefjlÙeeie keâjkesâ kesâJeue %eeve ceW ner ueies jnles nQ lees ØeYetle lece DeLee&led yengueDeefJeÅeevOekeâej ceW ØeJesMe keâjles nQ~ Ssmes %eeefveÙeeW keâer mebKÙee Deepe DeefOekeâ nw~ yengue De%eeve ceW Jes FmeefueS ØeJesMe keâjles nQ efkeâ keâceeXkeâe Yeer Jes lÙeeie keâj osles nQ~ FmeerefueS %eeveoerefhele keâceeX keâe Deveg‰eve ner meJeexòece nw~ YeieJeeved ßeerke=â<Ce Yeer %eeveoerefhele keâce& keâercenòee keâe Øeefleheeove Fme lejn keâjles nQ—

‘ßesÙeeved õJÙeceÙeeod Ùe%eeped %eeveÙe%ees hejvlehe ~meJeË keâcee&e fKeueb heeLe&! %eeves heefjmeceehÙeles ~~’ (ßeerieerlee—4/33)

‘osJeleesodosMÙekeâõJÙelÙeeiees Ùeeie:’, Ùen Ùe%e keâe ue#eCe nw~ osJelee kesâ efueS ÙeLeeefJeOeeve õJÙelÙeeie ner Ùeeie nw~ Fme lejnefmeæ neslee nw efkeâ õJÙe kesâ efJevee Ùe%e keâe mecheeove mebYeJe veneR nw~ kesâJeue %eeve ceW Ùe%e keâe ØeÙeesie uee#eefCekeâ nw~ kesâJeue õJÙeÙe%emes %eeveÙe%e ßes‰ neslee nw~ %eeveoerefhelees Ùe%ees %eeveÙe%e: DeLee&led %eeve mes oerefhele õJÙe Ùe%e ner %eeve Ùe%e nw pees kesâJeue õJÙeÙe%e mesßes‰ neslee nw~ FmeceW nsleg keâe keâLeve GòejeOe& mes efkeâÙee ieÙee nw—‘meJe&ceefKeueb keâce& %eeves melÙesJe heefjmeceehÙeles~ meseflekeâle&JÙeleekeâmeYeer keâce& %eeve kesâ nesves hej ner heefjhetCe& nesles nQ~ DeLee&led %eeve kesâ DeYeeJe ceW keâce& DeheefjhetCe& ner jnles nQ~ efveÙele keâce& keâe lÙeeie mebYeJeveneR nw, Ssmee YeieJeeved keâe ner keâLeve nw—

‘efveÙelemÙe leg mebvÙeeme: keâce&Cees veesheheÅeles ~

ceesneled lemÙe heefjlÙeeiemleeceme: heefjkeâere|lele: ~~’ (ßeerieerlee)

.......›eâceMe:

Gheemevee ceW DeeÛeej keâe cenòJe[e@. ceveespe ÛelegJexoer

efveieieeiece ceW pees Yeer GheemeveeÙeW Øeehle nesleer nQ Gvekeâe cegKÙe ØeÙeespeve efve:ßesÙeme DeLee&led cees#e nw~ ceveg<Ùe keâer hejcesMJej keâerGheemevee ceW ØeJe=efòe Gvekeâer ke=âhee kesâ efJevee veneR nesleer~ YeieJeleer ßeerogiee& keâes hejcesMJej keâer Meefòeâ ceevee ieÙee nw~ Meefòeâ Deewj Meefòeâceevedkeâe leeoelcÙe nw~ iegCeeshemepe&veYeeJe keâes ueskeâj keâneR hejcesMJej keâer Deewj keâneR hejcesMJejer keâer Gheemevee keâe Øeefleheeove Meem$eeW ceW nw~ Skeâner hejce leòJe meefÛÛeoevevoefJe«en meJe&Mes<eer meJee&vleÙee&ceer ØeYeg keâer Gheemevee ner cees#e Heâue kesâ efueS nw~ efvecve JeeÙeJeerÙe JeÛeve mes Ùenefmeæ neslee nw efkeâ kewâmes Yeefòeâceeie& ceW peerJeeW keâer ØeJe=efòe nesleer nw—

‘Deveskeâpevceefmeæeveeb ßeewlemceelee&vegJee|leveeced ~efJejkeäleeveeb Øeye gæeveeb Øemee roe fle censMJej: ~~ØemeVe s meefle osJe sMe s heMe gmlee fmceve d ØeJele&les ~Deefmle veeLees ceceslÙeuhee Yeefòeâyeg&efæhegj:meje ~~lehemee e fJee fJeOe w:Me wJe wOe&ce z: me bÙe gpÙeles vej: ~lelmebÙeesies leoYÙeememlelees Yeefòeâ: heje YeJesled ~~hejÙee Ûe leÙee YekeälÙee Øemeeoes peeÙeles hej: ~Øemeeoeled meJe&heehesYÙees cegefòeâceg&òeâmÙe efveJe=&efle: ~~ (8/29-32)

ØelÙe#e ßegefleÙeeW ceW efJeefnle keâce& keâes ßeewle Deewj Devegefcele ßegefleÙeeW mes Øeehle keâceeX keâes mceele& keânles nQ~ ßeewle-mceele& keâceeX mes meejsDeeÛeejeW keâe «enCe nes peelee nw~ kegâueOece&, peeefleOece&, JeCe&Oece& Deewj DeeßeceOeceeX kesâ Devleie&le meejs DeeÛeejeW keâe heefjieCeve nes peeleenw~ Fve meYeer OeceeX keâes Meem$eeW ceW ‘meveeleve’ Meyo mes JÙeJeùle efkeâÙee ieÙee nw~ Fmemes Ùen efmeæ neslee nw efkeâ JeCee&ßecepeeeflekegâueefJenerveGheemevee keâer mLeehevee keâjves Jeeues Jeso kesâ efJejesOeer neskeâj Yeer JeemleefJekeâ Jewefokeâ nesves keâe mJeebie Yejles nQ~ Ssmes ueesie DevOevlece: ceWØeJesMe keâjles nQ~ pewmee efkeâ YeieJeleer ßegefle ner efveoxefMele keâjleer nw—

‘DevOevlece: ØeefJeMeefvle ÙesÓefJeÅeecegheemeles ~’

Meem$eeW keâe pewmee efveoxMe nw Jewmee ner Deveg‰eve keâjvee Oece& nw~ Meem$eeW keâes Deheveer megefJeOee kesâ Devegmeej {euevee ceneheehe nw~ keâneYeer ieÙee nw—

‘ÙeesÓvÙeLee mevleceelceevecevÙeLee ØeefleheÅeles ~efkeâvlesve ve ke=âleb heeheb ÛeesjsCeelceeheneefjCee ~~’

pees DevÙe Øekeâej mes ßegefle-mce=efle ceW Øeefcele Oece& keâes peveOevemeb«en kesâ efueS DevÙeLee ØeÛeeefjle keâjles nQ Jes Oece& kesâ Dehenlee& ÛeesjnQ Deewj keâewve-mee heehe veneR keâjles~ ßeewle-mceele& keâceeX ceW ÙeLeeJeled ÂÌ{leehetJe&keâ ØeeceeCÙeyegefæ jKekeâj Gvekeâe Deveg‰eve keâjves Jeeues nerDeveskeâ pevceeW kesâ ÂÌ{ DeYÙeeme mes efJejòeâ Deewj Øeyegæ peye nesles nQ leYeer YeieJeeved Gvekesâ Thej ØemeVe nesles nQ Deewj GveceW Gvekeâer ØeJe=efòenesleer nw~ YeieJeeved cesjs mJeeceer nQ, Fme Øekeâej efJeMJeeme™he Gvekeâer henues LeesÌ[er Yeefòeâ peeieefjle nesleer nw~ Gmekesâ yeeo lehemÙee mes DeewjefJeefJeOe YeeieJele OeceeX kesâ Deveg‰eve ceW Jes ueieles nQ~ lelheMÛeeled ÂÌ{ DeYÙeeme keâjves hej hejce Yeefòeâ keâe GoÙe neslee nw efpememes GvekesâThej YeieJeeved keâer hejce ke=âhee nesleer nw~ YeieJeeved keâer Gme hejce ke=âhee mes ner Jes cegòeâ nesles nQ~ cegòeâ kesâ Heâue keâe ner keâLeve nw—cegòeâmÙe

efveJe=&efòe:~ Deevevo™he yeÇÿe keâe De%eevele: DeeÛÚove ner Je=efle nw~ efveie&lee Je=efleÙe&mÙeeefMÛele: mee efveJe=&efle: hejceevevo:~ hejce Deevevokeâer ceerceebmee Gheefve<eoeW ceW nw pees cegòeâ keâes Øeehle neslee nw~ Skeâ Øekeâej mes mebmeej-ØeheÃe mes cegòeâ heg®<e kesâ Éeje YeieJeeved kesâ cegKÙe mJe™heDeevevo keâe DevegYeJe ner cees#e nw~ meejs DeeÛeej hejcesMJej ceW meodYeeJe keâes ÂÌ{ keâjves kesâ efueS nQ, Ssmee efMeJejnmÙe ceW keâne ieÙee nw—

Oecee&mleheebefme oeveeefve ÙeeieeMÛe efJeefJeOee:megje:! ~efMeJeesÓmleerefle Ùee yegefæmleoLe&efceefle cevÙeleeced ~~

DeeÛeej Deewj levcetuekeâ Oecee&veg‰eve kesâ efJevee DeYÙegoÙe-efve:ßesÙeme keâer keâuhevee ner JÙeLe& nw~ Ùeefo DeeÛeejeW keâe cenòJe veneR nesleelees ie=¢emet$eeW Deewj hegjeCe Deeefo ceW Gvekeâe efJeJesÛeve ner veneR neslee~ efkeâme meceÙe G" keâj keäÙee MeÙeveheÙe&vle efkeâÙee peeÙe, Fmekeâe efJemle=leefJeJesÛeve DeeÛeejkeâeC[ ceW efkeâÙee ieÙee nw~ yeÇeÿecegntle& ceW G"keâj mJeÛÚ neskeâj ßeerYeieJeeved Deewj DevÙe hegCÙeelceeDeeW keâe me¿erle&ve-mcejCe, ieesyeÇeÿeCe, ceelee-efhelee ieg® Deeefo heefJe$e heoeLeeX keâe mheMe&, ceuecet$elÙeeie kesâ Devevlej nesves Jeeuee MeewÛeeÛeej, mveeveefJeefOe,Jem$eefJeceesÛeve, OeewleJem$eOeejCe, efleuekeâ, mevOÙee-lehe&Ce, DeefleefLemelkeâej, oÙeeoeef#eCÙe, DevegpeerefJehees<eCe Deeefo meejs DeeÛeejeW keâeskeâjvee DeeJeMÙekeâ nw~ Fvekesâ meeLe efveef<eæ heoeLeeX kesâ Ye#eCe keâe lÙeeie Deewj meYeer Gve heoeLeeX keâe lÙeeie DeeJeMÙekeâ nw pees efMe°eW kesâÉeje efveefvole nQ~ ßeewle-mceele& OeceeX ceW mebueive heg®<eeW keâes efMe° keânles nQ~ ßeewle-mceele& Oece& Jes ner nQ pees Ûelego&Me efJeÅeemLeeveeW mes efveCeealenQ~ keâneR Yeer efkeâmeer Yeer DebMe ceW Ùeefo Meem$eeW mes efJejesOe nes jne nes lees Jen Oece& veneR keâne pee mekeâlee~ Deepe Oecee&YeemeeW kesâ DeeOeej hejDeveskeâ kegâhevLe KeÌ[s nQ pees nj lejn mes ceerceebmee Deeefo Meem$eeW kesâ efveCe&Ùe kesâ efJehejerle nQ~ Ssmes yengle mes DemelhevLeer Yeejle ceW hetCe&le:DeYe#ÙeYe#eCe keâjles ngS Deewj Gmekeâer ØesjCee osles ngS meeOevee keâe ØeÛeej keâj jns nQ~ Jes Meem$eeW keâer nBmeer GÌ[eles nQ~ nceejsDeeÛeeÙeeX keâes Yeer Meem$eeLe& keâer Ûegveewleer osves ueies nQ~ Meem$eeLe& keâe DeeÙeespeve nesves hej Yeeie peeles nQ~ Ùen efMe°eÛeej kesâ efJe®ænw, Gheemevee kesâ efJehejerle keâoeÛeej nw~ YeieJeeved hejMegjece ves efmeefæ Øeehle keâjves kesâ efueS meoeÛeejeW keâes DeeJeMÙekeâ yeleeÙee nw—

mecØeoeÙeefJeMJeemeeYÙeeb meJe&efmeefæ: ~

ieg®hejcheje mes Øeehle DeeÛeejeW keâe DevegmejCe mecØeoeÙe nw Deewj cev$eeW ceW HeâueesheeÙelee keâe efveMÛeÙe efJeMJeeme nw~ Fve oesveeW keâesmJeerkeâej keâjkesâ keâer ieÙeer Gheemevee ner meeLe&keâ nw~ kegâueeCe&Jelev$e kesâ Devegmeej ßeerieg®, kegâueMeem$e, hetpÙe mLeeve Deeefo keâes ØeCeece keâjveeÛeeefnÙes Deewj Gvekeâe keâerle&ve Yeer keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ m$eer peeefle keâe hetCe&le: mecceeve Gheemevee ceW ØeOeeve nw~ efm$eÙeeW keâe eflejmkeâej keâjves mesosJelee ®° nesles nQ~ m$eer meew DehejeOeeW keâes keâjs lees Yeer Gmes leeefÌ[le veneR keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes, Ssmee keâne nw—

MeleehejeOeeb Jeefveleeb heg<hesCeeefhe ve lee[Ùesod ~oes<eeVe ieCeÙesled m$eerCeeb iegCeevesJe ØekeâeMeÙesled ~~ (ßeerefJeÅeeCe&Je lev$e-2-22)

osJemLeeve, ieg®mLeeve, MceMeeve, Ûeewjens hej ceuecet$elÙeeie Deewj cewLegve veneR keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ DemelØeefle«en, DevÙeeÙele: Oevemeb«en,Jesoeefo Meem$eeW keâer efvevoe, cuesÛÚeefo keâe mheMe&, eEnmee, DemelÙeYee<eCe Deeefo keâe Jepe&ve keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ heJeeX hej veoer ceW mveeve,oeve, lehe&Ce, vewefceefòekeâ pehe, mlees$ehee" Deeefo keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ DeefOekeâ Yeespeve, DeheefJe$e, nesšue, yeHesâefme°ce Deeefo keâe Yeesspeve mJehve ceWYeer ve keâjW~ efJeÉeveeW keâe mecceeve keâjW~ peeefle-efJeÅee-Oeve, ØeYeglJe Deeefo kesâ yeue hej efkeâmeer keâe eflejmkeâej veneR keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ ØeejyOeJeMeOece& keâe Deefle›eâceCe keâjves hej ieg™heefo° ceeie& mes ØeeÙeefMÛeòe keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ ØeeÙeefMÛeòe kesâ ØeYeeJe keâe JeCe&ve Fme Øekeâej nw—

‘peecyetveomÙe keâeueg<Ùeb heefjMegæb ÙeLeeefivevee ~DeveeÛeejmÙe ceeefuevÙeb ØeeÙeefMÛeòeeefivevee onsled ~~’

meesves keâe keâeueg<Ùe pewmes Deefive mes peue peelee nw Jewmes ner ØeeÙeefMÛeòeeefive mes meejs heehe peue peeles nQ~ meJe&Lee DeeÛeej nermeodieefleØeoeÙekeâ neslee nw efpemekeâe hetCe&le: heeueve meeOevee kesâ ceeie& ceW nesvee ÛeeefnÙes~ Ssmee Deehle heg®<eeW keâe efveoxMe nw—

‘yengveeÓ$e efkeâcegkeälesve jnmÙeb ëe=Ceg heeJe&efle ~JeCee&ßeceeCeeb meJex<eeceeÛeej: meodieefleØeo: ~~’

veJeje$e ›eleheb. ce=lÙegÀeÙe heeC[sÙe

DeeefMJeve Deewj Ûew$e ceeme kesâ Megkeäue he#e ceW Øeefleheoe mes ueskeâj veJeceer heÙe&vle efleefLeÙeeW ceW nesves Jeeues keâce& keâe veece ‘veJeje$e’nw~ ceerceebmeeMeem$e kesâ lelØeKÙeMeem$e kesâ Devegmeej DeeÛeeÙeeX ves ‘veJeje$e’ keâes keâce& keâe veece ceevee nw~ DeeefMJeveceemeerÙe veJeje$e keâesGheue#eCe ceeve keâj Gmekesâ efJe<eÙe ceW Fme lejn ®õÙeeceue ceW keâne ieÙee nw—

‘DeeefMJeves ceeefme mecØeehles Megkeäuehe#es efJeOesefmleefLeced ~ØeejYÙe veJeje$eb mÙeeod ogiee& hetpÙee leg le$e Jew ~~’

Øeleehe®õ ceW OeewcÙe $e+ef<e keâe JeÛeve Yeer Fme lejn Øeehle neslee nw—‘DeeefMJeves Megkeäuehe#es leg keâle&JÙeb veJeje$ekeâced ~Øeefleheoeefo›eâcesCewJe ÙeeJeefæ veJeceer YeJesled ~~’

ÙeneB veJeceerheÙe&vle YeieJeleer ßeerogiee& keâe hetpeve ›elehetJe&keâ keâjves keâes keâne ieÙee nw~ Ùen veJeje$e ›ele efvelÙe Deewj keâecÙe oesveeW Øekeâejkeâe neslee nw~ Heâue keâer keâecevee nesves hej me¿uhehetJe&keâ efkeâÙee peeves Jeeuee keâce& keâecÙe nw Deewj YeieJeleer keâer ØemeVelee kesâ efueS efkeâÙeepeeves Jeeuee efvelÙe nw efpemekeâe GheÙeesie cees#e keâer Øeeefhle ceW neslee nw~ vekeäle›ele, GheJeeme, Swkeâkeâeefuekeâ Yeespeve™he SkeâYekeäle Deeefo ›elehetpeve keâe De” nw Dele: veJeje$e ceW ogiee&hetpee keâer ner ØeOeevelee ceeveer peeleer nw~ Ùen hetpee ef$ekeâeue nesleer nw~ pewmee efkeâ keâne ieÙee nw—

ef$ekeâeueb hetpeÙesod osJeeR pehemlees$ehejeÙeCe: ~

pehe-ogiee&hee" Deeefo keâjles ngS ef$ekeâeue hetpee keâjveer ÛeeefnÙes~ ef$ekeâeue hetpee keâe efJeOeeve nesves hej Yeer jeef$ehetpee ner ØeOeeve ceeveerpeeleer nw—

efveMeemeg hetpeÙesod YekeälÙee meesheJeemeeefokeâ: ›eâceeled ~jeef$e›elee fceob osefJe! meJe &heeheØeCeeMeveced ~~

veJeje$e keâer hetpee ÙeLeeMeefòeâ hetCe& JewYeJe mes mecheVe nesveer ÛeeefnÙes~ oef#eCee Ùee DevÙe keâeÙeeX ceW Oeve keâe me¿esÛe veneR keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~Fme hetpee ceW kesâJeue ÛeejeW JeCeeX keâe ner DeefOekeâej veneR nw, Deefheleg cuesÛÚ-ÙeJeve Deeefo keâe Yeer DeefOekeâej YeefJe<ÙehegjeCe ves Ieesef<ele efkeâÙee nw—

hetpeveerÙee pevewoxJeer mLeeves mLeeves hegjs hegjs ~ie =ns ie =ns Yee fke älehejw «ee&ce s «eece s Jeve s Jeves ~~

mveele w: Øece ge fole wù&°w ye ÇeÿeCe w: #ee f$eÙe wve = &he ~JewMÙew: MetõwYe&e fkeäleÙegkeälewcuexÛÚwjvÙewMÛe ceeveJew: ~~

yeÇeÿeCeeW kesâ efueS meeefòJekeâ hetpee keâe ner efJeOeeve nw~ Ùen efvejeefce<e vewJeÅe Deewj pehe Deeefo mes mecheVe nesleer nw~ jepemeer hetpee #eef$eÙeDeeefo kesâ efueS nw pees meeefce<e vewJesÅe Deewj yeefueoeve mes mecheVe nesleer nw~ peheÙe%e kesâ efJevee ner megje-ceebme Deeefo mes efkeâjele Deeefo cuesÛÚeWkesâ Éeje Yeer keâer peeves Jeeueer hetpee leecemeer ceeveer peeleer nw~ peheÙe%e ceW yeÇeÿeCe, #eef$eÙe, JewMÙe leerve JeCeeX keâe ner DeefOekeâej nesves kesâkeâejCe Metõ Deeefo Fve keâceeX keâes yeÇeÿeCeeW mes keâjeÙeW, Ssmee—

‘Decev$emÙe leg MetõmÙe efJeØees cev$esCe ie=¢eles ~’Fme JeÛeve mes efmeæ neslee nw~ ceerceebmeeMeem$e kesâ ceneved DeeÛeeÙe& DeeheosJe kesâ heg$e ßeer DevevleosJe ves Fme efJe<eÙe ceW Ùen JÙeJemLee

oer nw—

‘Delees cuesÛÚeoerveeb ve MetõJeodyeÇeÿeCeÉejeÓefhe pehes nesces mecev$ekeâhetpeeÙeeb JeeÓefOekeâej: efkeâvleg lewmleòeogheÛeejeCeeb megjeÅeghenejmeefnleeveebheMJeeefoyeuesMÛe cevemeeslmeie&cee$eb osJeercegeföMÙe efJeOesÙeced~’

DeLee&led pewmes Metõ kesâ Ùee efkeâvneR DevÙe kesâ Yeer keâejCe efJeMes<e kesâ GheefmLele nesves hej yeÇeÿeCe kesâ Éeje pehe-nesce Deeefo keâeÙe& mecheVeefkeâÙes peeles nQ Jewmes cuesÛÚ Deeefo peeefleÙeeW keâe Ùee Gvekesâ heg$eeW keâe yeÇeÿeCe kesâ Éeje Yeer pehe, nesce Ùee mecev$ekeâ hetpee ceW DeefOekeâej veneRnw, efkeâvleg Jes meejs GheÛeejeW keâe Deewj megje Deeefo kesâ meefnle heMJeeefoyeefue keâe mecheeove osJeer keâes DeefYeueef#ele keâjkesâ ceve mes kesâJeuelÙeeie kesâ Éeje keâjW~

veJeje$e›ele keâe Ghe›eâce efleefLeÉwOe nesves hej DeceeJeemÙeeefJeæe Øeefleheoe mes keâjves keâe efJeOeeve nw—DeceeÙegkeäle wJe keâle&JÙee Øee fleheÛÛeefC[keâeÛe&ve s ~ve «ee¢ee hejmebÙegkeälee Megæmevleevekeâeef*d#eefYe: ~~

ßeer DevevleosJe Yeer DeceeefJeæe keâer ßes‰lee keâes Fme lejn JÙeJeefmLele keâjles nQ—‘ceneefveyevOekeâle=&efYeve&Jeje$e›elemÙe vekeäle›elelJeeskeälÙee jeef$eØeoes<eÙees-keâce&keâeuelJeyeesOekeâMeem$es<eg DeceeefJeæØeefleheÅesJe

veJeje$eeshe›eâce™hemekeâueØeeÛeerveefMe°eÛeejmÙe Ûe mebJeeoueeYeeled ØeeceeCÙeefveMÛeÙes meefle leovegmeejsCewJe hetJee&þkeâce&keâeueyeesOekeâJeÛeveeveebveslegcegefÛelelJeeled~’

DeLee&led yeÌ[s-yeÌ[s efveyevOekeâejeW ves veJeje$e keâes vekeäle›ele (jeef$e›ele) ceevee nw~ FmeerefueS jeef$e Deewj Øeoes<e keâes ner keâce& keâe keâeuekeânves Jeeues Meem$eeW ceW DeceeJeemÙee mes Ùegòeâ Øeefleheoe efleefLe ceW ner veJeje$e keâce& keâe ØeejcYe efMe°eW ceW ceevÙe nw~ Fme lejn DeceeefJeæeØeefleheoe kesâ Devegmeej ner hetJee&þkeâeue ceW ØeejcYe Jeeues JeekeäÙeeW keâer JÙeJemLee ceeveveer ÛeeefnÙes~

Fme lejn veJeceer heÙe&vle hetpeve keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ efMeJejnmÙe ceW Ssmee keâne ieÙee nw—le$eee fMJeves Megkeäuehe#eØeefleheÅeJeefOe efØeÙe s ~veJeceere foveheÙe&vleb hetpee keâeÙee& ØeÙelvele: ~~

ogiee&hetpee, ogiee&hee", kegâceejerhetpeve, yeÇeÿeCeYeespeve efoveJe=efæ mes keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ osJeerhegjeCe ceW Ssmee keâne ieÙee nw—Skeâe sòejJe=o dOÙee leg veJeceeR ÙeeJeosJe leg ~ÛeC[erhee"b pehesÛÛewJe peeheÙesod Jee efJeOeevele: ~~

Øeefleefove kegâceejer Deewj yeÇeÿeCeYeespeve keâe efJeOeeve veejoerÙehegjeCe ceW nw—ØelÙenb YeespeÙesod efJeØeeved kegâceejerÙeexefieveerjefhe ~

cetue ve#e$e ceW mejmJeleerMeÙeve efJeefnle nw efpemeceW DeOÙeÙeve Deeefo keâe efve<esOe nw~ mehleceer mes veJeceer lekeâ heef$ekeâehetpeve efJeefnle nw~ De°ceerMegæe Ùeefo veneR nw lees veJeceer mes Ùegòeâ ceevÙe nesleer nw, Ssmee osJeerhegjeCe ceW DeeÙee nw—

veJeceermebÙeglee keâeÙee& meoe ogiee&°ceer yegOew: ~mehleceermebÙeglee nefvle hetJe&hegCÙeke=âleb Heâueced ~~

peye metÙeexoÙe ceW otmejs efove veJeceer ve efceues leye mehleceer kesâ meeLe De°ceer «ee¢e nesleer nw, Ssmee mce=eflemeb«en ceW keâne ieÙee nw—Ùeoe metÙeexoÙes ve mÙeeVeJeceer ÛeeÓhejsÓnefve ~leoeÓ°ceeR ØekegâJeeale mehleceermeefnleeb ve=he!~~

veJeceer Yeer De°ceer mes efJeæe ner ßes‰ nesleer nw~ Dele SJe Gmes ceneveJeceer keâne peelee nw~ De°ceer mes Ùegòeâ veJeceer ceW yeefueoevekeâes ÚesÌ[ keâj DevÙe meejs keâeÙe& nesles nQ~ yeefue oeve oMeceer mes Ùegòeâ veJeceer ceW ner nesvee ÛeeefnÙes~ pewmee efkeâ keâne ieÙee nw—

DeeMJeÙegkedâMegkeäuehe#e s leg veJeceer he tJe&mebÙeglee ~mee ceneveJeceer Øeeskeälee keâle&JÙee Heâuekeâeef*d#eefYe: ~~

De°ceer mes Ùegòeâ veJeceer Deewj veJeceer mes Ùegòeâ De°ceer GceeceensMJejer efleefLe cenehegCÙeJeleer nesleer nw~ efJe<CegOeceexòej ceW Ssmee keâneieÙee nw—

‘De°cÙee veJeceerÙegkeälee veJeceer Ûee°ceerÙeglee ~DeOe &veeje rMJejØeeÙee GceeceensMJejer eflee fLe: ~~’

cene°ceer ceW keâjesÌ[eW ÙeesefieefveÙeeW kesâ meeLe Yeõkeâeueer keâe ØeeogYee&Je ngDee Lee, Dele: peeiejCehetJe&keâ Gme efove ceneefveMee ceW Yeer hetpeveneslee nw—lemceeled meJe&ØeÙelvesve De°cÙeeb efveefMe hetpeÙesled~ De°ceer ceW ner nesce keâe efJeOeeve nw—

efleueepÙekegâmegceeoerefve heeÙemeb ceOeg Meke&âje: ~nefJeõ&JÙeeefCe pegngÙeeled ogiee&°cÙeeb efJeMes<ele: ~~

Ùeefo De°ceer ceW nesce mebYeJe ve nes lees veJeceer ceW keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes, Ssmee meewjhegjeCe ceW keâne ieÙee nw—‘ceeefme ÛeeMJeÙegpes Jeerj! veJeceer Ùee vejeefOehe! ~lemÙeeb mveeveb pehees nescees oeveb ÛewJe efJeMes<ele: ~~’

ÙeneB kegâueeÛeej mes JÙeJemLee mecePeveer ÛeeefnÙes~ ›ele keâe De” heejCe ceevee peelee nw Dele: veJeceer ceW ner LeesÌ[e Yeespeve keâjkesâ heejCekesâ efJeOeeve keâes DeeÛeeÙeeX ves efmeæ efkeâÙee nw~ yeefueoeve veJeceer ceW neslee nw pees oMeceer mes Ùegòeâ nes~ pewmee efkeâ keâne ieÙee nw—

‘mehlecÙeeb heef$ekeâehetpee De°cÙeeb ÛeehÙeghees<eCeced ~hetpee Ûe peeiejb ÛewJe veJecÙeeb efJeefOeJeod yeefue: ~~’

ieerleJeeÅe kesâ meeLe jeef$epeeiejCe keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes~ cenehetpee Yeer keâjveer ÛeeefnÙes~ veJeje$e kesâ hetjs ke=âlÙeeW keâes ®õÙeeceue ceW Fme lejnJÙekeäle efkeâÙee ieÙee nw—

‘ØelÙenb hetpeveb kegâÙee&led ef$ekeâeueb Yeefkeälelelhej: ~De°cÙee b peeiejÃewJe cenehetpevehetJe&keâced ~~

nesce b kegâÙee&vceneje$e s yeefueoeveÃe ceeOeJe! ~ØeeleJez heejÙesod osJeeR yeÇeÿeCeeved YeespeÙesled leLee ~~

kegâceejerCeeÃe veJekebâ mebYeespÙeb efJeefJeOeeVekewâ: ~mJeÙeÃe heejCeb kegâÙee&õe$eew peeiejCevleLee ~oMecÙeeceefYe<eskebâ Ûe ke=âlJee cete |leb efJemepe&Ùesled ~~

oMeceer ceW DeefYe<eskeâ keâjkesâ ßeJeCe ve#e$e ceW efJemepe&ve keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes—ßeJeCesve efJemepe&Ùesled ~ efJemepe&ve kesâ yeeo n<eexuueemehetJe&keâØeJeen ceW cete|le keâes ØeJeeefnle keâjves keâe efJeOeeve nw~ iele& Deeefo ceW ØeJeenCe keâe efJeOeeve veneR nw~

Fme lejn hetjs je°^ ceW n<eexuueemehetJe&keâ veJeje$eefJeefOe keâjves mes megKemece=efæ keâer Øeeefhle nesleer nw~ je°^ Yeer mece=æ neslee nw~ Mee$eJeyeeOee keâe efvejekeâjCe neslee nw~ mebmeej keâe keâesF& Yeer Ssmee keâeÙe& veneR nw pees YeieJeleer keâer Gheemevee mes efmeæ ve nes~ ceenelcÙe keâe ßeJeCeYeer yeÇeÿeCe kesâ ceeOÙece mes keâjvee ÛeeefnÙes, Ssmee ogiee&mehleMeleer ceW keâne ieÙee nw~

Jesos<eg keâyeerjeled Øeekedâ Yeefòeâ:cenble GcesMe oeme

MeesOeÚe$e, legueveelcekeâ Oece&oMe&ve efJeYeeie,

mechetCee&vevo mebmke=âle efJeMJeefJeÅeeueÙe, JeejeCemeer

YeejleJe<e&mÙe meeefneflÙekeâmecheoeÙee: DepeœeØeJeen: <e‰menœeJe<ee&oefOekeâ: Deefmle~ Ùeeb ØeehÙe YeejleJe<e&: keâmÙeeefhe osMemÙe meeefneflÙekeâmece=æÙesmhee|Oelegced Mekeäveesefle~ Yeefòeâjme: efmveiOees Deefmle~ YeejleJe<e&: YeefòeâjmemÙe ceOegjOeejeÙee: DeehehÙeeefÙelees Deefmle~ YeejleJe<ex YeefòeâjmemÙeGÆJe: keâoe kegâle: ÛeeYeJeled SlemÙe JeCe&veb De$e mebef#ehle™hesCe keâleg&ced MekeäÙeles~ heeMÛeelÙe efJeÉevme: YeejleerÙemeeefnlÙemÙe oMe&vemÙe ÛeheefjÛeÙeb ØeehÙe les<eeced yentveeb DeÙecee«enesÓefmle, Ùeled YeejleJe<ex Ùee Yeefòeâjefmle mee FmeeF&Oece&oeielee Deefmle Fefle~ heeMÛeelÙepeieeflekeâce&ØeOeeveÙentoerOece&mÙe Dehes#eÙee FmeeF&Oecex ØescemÙe DeeefOekeäÙeb Deefmle~ FmeeF&efmeæevles YeieJeefle DepeœeØesce: Deefmle~ heeMÛeelÙeefJeog<eebkeâMÛeved Deefmle Ùeled efJeMJemÙe Feflenemes FmeeF&cele SJe meJe&ØeLeceb Yeòesâ®oÙeesÓYeJeled efkeâvleg SleeÂMeced vewJeeefmle~ efpeveceleeJeueefcyeve:cevÙevles Ùeled Yeefòeâ: efvepeOecee&led efnvotOecex Deeielee Deefmle~

meveeleveOecee&vegmeejsCe me=°s: ØeueÙeced YeJeefle, efkeâvleg efpeveefmeæevles me=°s: DeelÙeeefvlekeâveeMes vewJe YeJeefle~ leefmceved meceÙes ceveg<Ùee:Deuhe%ee: DeYeJeved~ YeieJeeved $e+<eYeosJe: meJexYÙe: %eeveced ooved Oece&mÙe efMe#eeceefhe Deooled~ Oece&keâcee&Ceer ceveg<Ùew: keâle&JÙeeveerefle~pewveefmeæevles keâce&efmeæevle: efJeefMe°-efmeæevlees Deefmle~ Ùeefmceved meceÙes efpevee: Deemeved, leoe JewÙeefòeâkeâefJe<eÙeleÙee keâce&efmeæevle: DeYeJeled~keâce&Cee Ûe ceveg<Ùee: megKeog:Keeveer Ûe ØeehvegJeefvle~ heefC[leouemegKeceeueJeeef[Ùee: efueKeefvle Ùeled JewefokeâkeâeuemÙe $e+<eerCeeb ceveg<Ùes<egefJeefJeOeØekeâejs<eg heMeg<eg heef#e<eg keâeršs<eg efJeÅeceeveefJeefJeOeleeÙee: DevegYeJees vewJe DeYeJeled~ efkeâvleg Sleod ØeleerÙeles Ùeled DemÙee: efJeefJeOeleeÙee:keâejCeced Devlejelceefve DevJes<eCeehes#eÙee leeb yeÇÿeleòJes celJee mevleg°e: DeYeJeved~ Devesve Sleod %eeÙeles mhe°b YeJeefle Ûe JewefokeâkeâeuemÙeueeskeâeveeced peeieeflekeâ JewefJeOÙemÙe %eeveb lJeefmle SJe hejvleg leemeeced efJe<eceleeveeced cetueYetlekeâejCeeveeced DevJes<eCeb Øeefle les<eeced efJeMes<ekeâeceveevewJe Deemeerled~ JewMJeerÙeJewefJeOÙemÙe keâejCeb DevJes<eCes ceeveJeerÙeyegefæ: yengmeceeOeeveced ke=âleJeleer Ùeled ve kesâJeueced JewefJeæÙeb Deefmle DeefhelegefJejesOecehÙeefmle, pewveOecex F&MJejmÙe meòee vewJe Deefmle~ Ùeefo F&ÕejmÙe meòeeefmle leoe Yeefòeâjefhe~ pewveOecex F&MJejmÙe Yeefòeâ: veeefmle leoepewveOecee&od Yeefòeâjeielee Fefle vewJe ceelegced MekeäÙeles DeLeJee vewJe mJeerkeâleg&ced MekeäÙeles~

YeefòeâkeâeuemÙe cenelcemeg keâyeerjmeensyemÙe keâLevecedYeefòeâ õeefJeCe Ghepeer ueeÙees jeceevevo ~Øeieš keâjer keâyeerj ves meele oerhe veJeKeC[ ~~

keâyeerjmeensyeeCeeb keâLeveced Deefmle~ Ùeled Yeefòeâ: õefJeCeosMes GlheVee Deemeerled~ leeced mJeeceer jeceevevo: GòejefoefMe DeeveÙeled ÙemÙe heeÕexYeefòeâ: Deemeerled~ DeÙeb ØeMve: GÆJeefle Ùeled oef#eCeosMes YeieJevle: MebkeâjeÛeeÙee&: DeYeJeved~ Sles<eeced Devevlejced DeueJeejmevle: DeYeJeled~›eâcesCe les<eeced ÉeoMemebKÙeeb cevÙevles, les<eg Yeefòeâ: ØeeÛegÙee& Deemeerled~ les Jew<CeJeYeòeâe: meefvle Ùes mevlee: mJepeerJeves Skeâeb Iees<eCeeb GodIees<eÙeefvleÙeled YeieJele: ØeeefhlekeâjCeb F&ÕejmÙe meeceerhÙes ieceveced meJex<eeced DeefOekeâejesÓefmle~ yeÇeÿeCeeveeb MetõeCeeb, m$eerCeeced yeeuekeâeveeb Ûe meJex<eecedmeceeve: DeefOekeâej: Deefmle~ S<ee Yeefòeâ: jeceevegpeeÛeeÙexCe Mevew: Mevew: GòejYeejleheÙe&vles Deeveerlee~ DeLe Ûe Sles<eeced hejchejeÙeeb jeIeJeeÛeeÙe&:ØeeogjYeJeled~ les<eeced hebÛeiebieeIeós efveJeeme: Deemeerled~ S<eeb kesâJeue: Skeâ: efMe<Ùe: jeceevevoeÛeeÙe&: DeYeJeled~ S<eeced mechetCe&Yeejles Øeefmeefæ:Deemeerled~ les<eeb efMe<Ùe: keâyeerjmeensye: Yeòesâ: ØeÛeejØemeejew Ûe mechetCe&Yeejles Dekeâjesled~ mJeeefceve: jeceevevoeÛeeÙe&mÙe Ùee Yeefòeâ: Deemeerled~

leemeeced he=Lekedâ keâyeerjmeensyemÙe Yeefòeâ: Deemeerled~ Ùee Skeâe efJeefMe°e Yeefòeâ: Deemeerled~ Ùeeb hejeb Yeefòebâ keâefLelegced MekeäÙeles~ Ùee heje Yeefòeâjefmlemee veejoerÙee Yeefòeâjefmle~ Ùee Jewefokeâe Deefmle~ Ùeeced Jewefokeâeb Yeefòebâ oef#eCeYeejles oef#eCeeÙee: ™heceefmle~ DeJewefokeâYeefòeâefJekeâeme: ÙeefoDeYeJeled leoe GòejYeejles SJe~ DemÙe keâejCeb Deemeerled DeJewefokeâOece&mÙe yeewæmÙe pewvemÙe Ûe efJekeâeme™heb GòejYeejles SJe Deemeerled, ÙesYÙe:YeefòeâØeYeeefJelee Deemeerled~ keâyeerjmeensye: Fceeb Yeefòeâced cevÙeles Ùeled ÙeLeeLee& Yeefòeâ; mee SJe Deefmle Ùee yeewæ pewveÙees: ØeYeeefJelee vewJe Deefmle~Fceew ÉeJesJe oef#eCele: DeeiecÙeceevee Ùee Yeefòeâ: Øeeied GòejYeejles vewJe Deefmle Fefle mJeerkegâ®le:~ DeevleÙe&ced Deefmle, Ùeled keâyeerjmeensye: mJebveejoerÙeeYeefòeâJeeved keâLeÙeefle~ (Yeieefle veejoer ceieve keâyeerje)

meodieg®keâyeerjemeensyeeCeeb Yeòeâew Ùeesie:keâyeerjmeensyeeCeeb Yeefòeâ: GoerefÛe Yeejles Mevew: Mevew: JÙeehekeâ™hesCe Øemeefjlee Deemeerled~ ÙeesiemÙe #es$es keâyeerjmeensyeeCeeb Yeefòeâ yeerpemÙe

DebkegâjCeb lee uelee FJe DeYeJeled, Ùee meceepes veJeerveced Jemleg FJe Deemeerled~ peerJeveeLeË peerJevemÙe #es$es efveieg&CeYeòesâ: DeeJeMÙekeâceemeerled~keâyeerjmeensyee: YeejleerÙehejcedhejeÙee: ØeYeeefJelee: Deemeved~ les YeejleerÙehejchejeceefhe vewJe lÙepeefvle vewJe veMÙeefvle Ûe~ YeejleerÙeoMe&ves cees#emÙe$eÙe: ceeiee&: meefvle~1 Ùeesieceeie&:, %eeveceeie&: Yeefòeâceeie&§e~ Ùeesieceeie&: %eeveceeiee&led hegjeleve: Deefmle~ Ùeoefhe Gheefve<eefo ÙeesiemÙe JeCe&veceefmleleLeeefhe YeieJelee helebpeefuevee JÙeJeefmLeleoMe&ve™hesCe ÙeesiemÙe JeCe&veb ke=âleced~ Sleod oMe&veced F&memÙe ef$emenm$eJe<ee&led Øeekedâ Deefmceved osMesGodYetleceemeerled~ F&meecemeernmÙe $eÙeesoMe Ûelego&Me Jee Meleeyoew GoerefÛe Yeejles meblecelemÙe Yeòesâ: Ûe efJekeâemeesÓYeJeled~ Ùeefmceved meceÙesefnvoerYeeef<eØeosMes Ùeesieceee|ieCe: meeOeveeÙee: DevegmejCeb kegâJee&Ceeveeced MewJeeveeced ›eâer[eYetefce: Deemeerled~ efnvoermJeCe&ÙegiemÙe meeefnlÙeced DemÙeßes‰: mee#eer Deefmle~ mevlee: mJeJeeCeermeg DemÙe ceeie&ÙeesiemÙe GuuesKeb vewjvleÙexCe GefuueefKeleJevle: meefvle~ hejvleg mevlee DeefleJeeomÙeefJejesefOeve: meefvle~ Ùeesie: JÙeLe&: Deefmle Fefle vewJe cevÙevles~ keâyeerjmeensyee: Deefhe ÙeesiemÙe JeeleeË kegâJe&efvle, oeMe&efvekeâÂ°Ÿeeefhe meJex<eeced megueYeesYeJesled Deefhe~

ÙeesefieÙee efHeâjieÙees veiejcePeejer~ peeÙe meceeve heeBÛe peneB veejer~ieÙes osMeevlej keâesF& ve yeleeJew~ peesefieÙee Guešer iegHeâe veneR DeeJew~~peefjieÙees kebâLee Oepee ieF& štšer YeefpeieÙees [b[ KehejieÙees Hetâšer~keânw keâyeerj Ùes keâueer nw Keesšer pees jns keâjJee mees veerkeâjw šesšer~~

keâyeerjmeensyee: leb Ùeesieced keâLeÙeefvle~ Ùeefmceved jeceYeòeâew Ùeesefieve: hejceleòJemÙe oMe&veced mJeefÛeòeJe=efòeb mebmeejeled efve®OÙe mJeùoÙesmebmLeehÙe ùoÙes hejceleòJemÙe oMe&veced efveJee&Ceheoced Deefmle~ leced ØeehÙe Ùeesieer osnheeleevlejb efoJÙeueeskeâced ieÛÚefle~ lemÙe ueeskeâmÙe JeCe&vecedkeâleg&ced meJex DemeceLee& YeJeefvle~ YeieJeefÆ: yegæwjefhe DeÙeced Ùeesie: efvecveJee|Cele™hesCe keâefLele:~

DeÛÛeer ÙeLeeJeele Jesiesve efJeleeW DelLeb heeuesefle ve Ghesefle mebKeced SJe ~cegefveveeb keâeÙee efJecegòeâes DelLeb heuesefle ve Ghesefle mebKece2 ~~

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keâyeerjmeensyeeCeeb JeeCeerveeb %eeveceeie&mÙe JeCe&vecedkeâyeerjmeensyeeCeeb JeeCÙeeced %eeveceeie&mÙe JeCe&veceefhe Øeehveesefle~ keâyeerjmeensyeeCeeced JeeCÙee: keâyeerjmeensyeeCeeced hetJe&Jee|leveeced cenelceveeced

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meeBÛeT JeeKe® ueeoerÙew ueeYeg meoemeÛegjeefme ~meeBÛeer ojien JewmeF&, Yeieefle meÛeer Dejoeefme~Deefnefveefme Yeieefle keâjs efueJe ueeF& veevekeâ efleuekesâ ueeiew heeF&~~Sspeerpeheg leheg mebpeceg meÛeg DeeOeejnefj nefj veece megKe heeF& Ss, lesjer Yeieefle Yejs YeC[ej~~

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meodieg®veevekeâosJee: ØesceeYeefòebâ kegâJe&efvlemejJej nbmee ÚesÌ[ ve peeF& Øesce Yeieefle keâefj menefpe meceeF& ~ÙemÙee: Øeeefhle: ieg®JeeCÙeecesJe YeJeefle~

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Deeveocetue DeveeLe DeOeejer, ieg®cegKe Yeieefle menpeefJeÛeejerYeòeâyeÚue Yewkeâeš nejs nT cew ceefj efceues heieg Oeejs ~~

Devele lejbie Yeieefle nefjjbiee Deveefoveg meÛes nefjiegCemebiee~efceefLeDee peveceg meekeâle mebmeeje jece Yeieefle peveg jnw efveveeje~~

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ieg® osJe ieg® DeueKe DeYesJee ef$eYegJeCe meesefkeâ ieg® keâer mesJee~~

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le=CeØeÛÙeJeveb le=CeØeJeen:~ GukeâeÙeeb lJeekeâeefuekeâcesJe~ leLee Ûeehemlecye:—‘GukeâeÙeeceivÙeglheeles Ûe meJee&meeb efJeÅeeveeceekeâeefuekeâefceefle ~~’

cevegMÛe—Ûeewjw®hehuegles2 «eeces meb«eeces Ûeeefivekeâeefjles ~DeekeâeefuekeâceveOÙeeÙeb efJeÅeelmeJee&odYegles<eg Ûesefle ~~

‘DeodYegles<eg ®efOejeefoef<Jeefle ÙeeJeled’—leLee Ûe Jeefme‰: ~

‘Gheue®efOejØeheesle$Ùenefceefle’—mce=lÙevlejsefhe ~efJeÅegodiee|peleJe=ef°veeb meefVeheelees Ùeoe YeJesled ~keâeueJe=°ew leg lelkeâeuecekeâeues leg ef$eje$ekeâefceefle ~~

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Øeeog<ke=âles<Jeefive<eg leg efJeÅeglmleefve leefvemJeves ~mepÙeesefle: mÙeeoveOÙeeÙe: Mes<es je$ees ÙeLee efoJee ~~

Øeele: mebOÙeeÙeeb efveefceleeslheeles mepÙeesefle: ÙeeJeòeeJeoveOÙeeÙe: DehejmÙeeb leg ÙeeJeVe#e$eeefCe leeJeosJe Mes<es Flejlees ÙeLee efoJeeveOÙeeÙemleLee je$eeJeheerlÙeLe&:~ nejerlemleg—

meeÙeb mevOÙeemleefve les je$eew veeOeerÙeerjved ~Øeele: mebOÙeemleefve leslJenesje$eefceefle ~~

ceveg:— efveIee&les YetefceÛeueves pÙeesefle<eeb Ûeewhemepe&ves ~

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Spiritual and Moral Aims of Education According to RigvedaDr. Pramod Kumar Pandey

M.A. (Ecom.), M.E.D.,Ph.D. in Econ., Ph.D.

in EducationVaranasi, India

According to linguists Sanskrit is known as one of the oldest language in the world. In Indiawhatever linguistic treasure we have, the source of it is the Sanskrit language and literature. InSanskrit the four Vedas are the origin of Knowledge which we have in different fields of life.Even among Vedas Rigveda is the most primitive treasure of knowledge. Europeans and otherIndian thinkers have said the importance and value of Sanskrit and its treasure Vedas as it evidentfrom their sayings.

“If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with allthe wealth, power and beauty that nature can bestow, I would point out to India.”1

“If our religion has been the storehouse of our cultural values and traditions, Sanskrit has beentheir principal medium of expression through the ages.”2

“I adore panini because the reveals to us the spirt of the spirit, I adore India because it revealsto us the spirit of the spirit.”3

“Hardly any language in the world has played that vital part in the History of a race, whichSanskrit has.”4

“We know now that Sanskrit is one of the oldest languages in the world. Max Muller hasProved that the Rigveda, the first known cimpilation in Sanskrit, is the oldest work on the surfaceor the earth.”5

“It is like an inexhaustible gold mine from which you have only to dig enrich the languages ofIndia as a whole. They who say that Sanskrit is a dead language......do not know what they speak.It is like a mighty banyan tree whose branches take root and themselves grow into mighty treeswith the mother-trees still towering over all of them.”6

“It is evident, however, that one cannot write a few lines in pure vernacular language withouthaving some fundamental knowledge of Sanskrit and allied languages.”7

“I have always been feeling that the study of any Indian language, may it be from the north orfrom the south, cannot be said to be complete without the study of Sanskrit, which provides acommon thread running through all of them. Sanskrit is the foundation of all the modern Indian

languages.”8

Having observed to above ideas of different writers and thinkers it can be concluded thatSanskrit language and more over Vedas where the first light of Indian thinking, Indian culture andIndian values of all the four Vedas Rigveda is the most primitive in India. As max Muller says“One thing is certain, namely, that there is nothing more primitive, more ancient than the hymnsof the Rigveda, whether in India or the whole Aryan world : Being Aryan in language andthought, the Rigveda is the most ancient of our Books.”9

In Rigveda there are many hymns which speak about spiritual and moral values, these hymnsare useful from Educational points of view. Plato has emphasized spiritual values as the aim ofeducation. Rousseau and Dewey have advocated moral and social values as the aim of education.

Rigveda advocated for both. Hence, in order to clarify the thoughts some hymns are quotedfrom Rigveda along with references in order to simplify the themes. Their meanings are alsobeing given in simple language as that it may beneficial to all.

The scholars take words out of the words of the Vedas to carry on worldly works. The samevoice is spoken by all creatures meaningfully or meaninglessly. May we achieve such voicewhich is the source of happiness, fulfils our desires and is like a milching cow which gives themilk-like knowledge.

In order to clarify the importance of Rigveda, some Symons are given here along with theirRishis and meanings to interpret spiritual and moral aims which may be considered as the aims ofeducation according to Plato.

Spiritual-ScienceLesson- The main of the voice is to carry on behavior and its origin is the language of the

Vedas.1. Rsih-Nemo Bhargavah; Devata-Indrah; Chandah-Tristup

Sakhe visno vitaram vikramasva, dyaurdehi lokam vajraya viskabhe.Hanava vrtram sindhu-nindrasya yantu prasave visrstah......Spiritual-Science, Rg. 8/100/12

Destruction of enemies and flowing of rivers by God’s helpO friend-like omnipresent God, please, show your velour. O the embodiment of glory, man-

age place to use your thunder bolt-like power. May both of us remove obstacles and help inflowing of rivers and may the rivers remaining under the control of the sun remain flowing con-tinuously.

Lesson- The Ruler who removes all obstacles and helps rivers to flow continuously with thehelp of God, can do many good works for his nation.

2. Rsih-Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunau; Chandah-Nicrd Brhati.Rdhavittha sa martyah sasame devatataye.Yo nunam mitravarunavabhistaya acakre havyadataye.......

Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/101/1

Strengthening of Prana and UdanaThe person who strengthens Prana and Udana (kinds of air) to get success in his desires, to

achieve things and to give charity, really he becomes quite calm to achieve divinity.Lesson- By strengthening Prana and Udana, a man having peaceful mind can gain divine

qualities.3. Rsih-Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunau; Chandah-Virad Brhati

A no yajnam divisprsam vayo yahi sumanmabhih.Antah pavitra upati srinano yam sukro ayami te...Spiritual science, Rg. 8/101/9

Mediation of God before good worksOther source of all comforts air-like God, the sacrifice which even reaches high into the sky,

reach into it for us having the means of happiness, because, I, a devotee, depending upon you, amcoming practicing good character only to you by means of my mind.

Lesson-Whenever we perform any good work, God should be recollected by us.4. Rsih-Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunau; Chandah-Savrad Brhati.

Vetydhvaryuh pathibhi rajistaih,prati havani vitaye.Andha niyutva ubhayasya nah piba,sucim comam gavasiram.Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/101/10

To achieve spiritual power mediation of GodA sacrificer performs sacrifices etc. to achieve such things which are acceptable and fit charity

by easy ways and prays God, “O God, possessor of the best qualities, please accept our suchmultitude of praises which are prepared with knowledge and are also quite pure.”

Lesson-To fulfill own desires if God is requested for co-operation, then spiritual power is

gained by that.5. Rsih- Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunau; Chandah-Virad Brhati

Banmaham asi surya baladitya maham asi.Mahaste so mahima panasyte ‘ddho deva maham asi.......Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/101/11

O God, you are really great. O everlasting God, in fact you are great. Your grandeur is praisedonly due to this reason, because you are great.

Lesson-God, Who inspires all, is everlasting and who performs great works is really the great-est of all.

6. Rsih-Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunau; Chandah-Bhurig BrhatiBat surya sravasa maham asi,satra deva maham asi.Mahna devanamasuryah purohito,vibhu jyotiradabhyam....Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/101/12

God’s qualities and worksO the inspirer of all, Creator of the universe, you are great due to your good name and are also

great on account of your truthful works. You being the best producer of life among all deities, andbeing the most forward you are extending with your grandeur and are showing such light whichcannot be hidden.

Lesson- God is the greatest of all due to His qualities and works.7. Rsih- Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunaul Chandah-Arci Brhati

Iyam ya nicyarkini rupa rohinya krta.Citreva pratyadarsyayatyantardasasu bahusu....Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/101/13

God-Source of light even in the sunO God, this extra-ordinary strange light, which comes from the sun, is beautiful shows its

existence on all things and is coming down this, lightens ten directions, only with your grace.Lesson- The sun lightens all directions with the light, obtained from God.8. Rsih- Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunau; Chandah- Tristup

Praja ha tisro atyayamiyu-

rnyanya arkamabhito vivisre.Brahaddha tasthau bhuvanesvantah,pavamano harita a vivesa....Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/101/14

Existence of things due to God.O God, all things seen in the three worlds, get their existence due to only your kindness.

Besides, all permanent things also desire your help, O God, You are the greatest of all, present inall worlds. Only you being purifier, show your presence in all directions.

Lesson- God produces all things with his omnipresence.9. Rsih- Bhargavah Prayogah; Devata- Agnih; Chandah- Gayatri.

Tvamagne brhadvayo dadhasi deva dasuse.Kavirgrhapatiryuva.....Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/102/1

Giver of long age-GodO God, embodiment of light, possessor of diving qualities, you are very wise, owner of the

house-like universe and always young. It is only you, who bestows long life upon his dedicator.Lesson-Only god gives long life to his devotees.10. Rsih-Bhargavah Prayogah; Devata- Agnih; Chandah-Gayatri.

Tvaya svidyuja vayam codisthena yavisthya.Abhi smo vajasataye......Spiritual Science, Rg. 8/102/3

God helps to achieve edibles etc.O always young God. as you are the best inspirer, may we be able to achieve edibles, power,

and sciences by your help !Lesson- Only God’s grace helps to achieve edibles, power and sciences.

Moral Science(a) Rsih-Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravaru; Chandah Panktih

Varsisthaksatra urucaksasa nar;rajana dirghasruttama.Ta bahuta na damsana ratharyatah,

sakam suryasya rasmibhih....Moral Science, Rg. 8/101/2

Beginning of works in the morningThose who live together like Prana and Udana, have increased power, own vast sight, pos-

sess the quality of leadership and have vast knowledge. Only such kinds of the persons who havethe powers of peace and defence, begin good works jointly like two arms, as the rays of the sunappear.

Lesson- Success is achieved in good works only then when those are begun early in themorning.

(b) Rsih- Jamadagnirbhargavah;Devate- Mitravarunau; Chandah-GayatriPra yo vam mitravaruna’ jiro duto adravat.Ayah sirsa maderaghuh....Moral Science, Rg. /101/3

Qualities-helpful in ProgressO living together like Prana and Udana (kinds of air), possessing the powers of peace and

defence, out of you both, only he can make his progress who is knowledgeable, possesses strongintellect, is remover of difficulties and showerer of happiness fast.

Lesson- To make own progress, one should possess the qualities of knowledge, good intellectand ability to remove troubles and quickness.

(c) Rish- Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate- Mitravarunau; Chandah- Arci Savrad Brhati.Pra mitraya praryamne sacathyamrtavaso.Varuthyam varune chandyam vacah stotram rajasu gayata...Moral Science, Rg. 8/101/5

Using of WordsO the persons loving the true thing, speak only such praising words for your friends and the

judge, which promote love, are auspicious for their houses and are admirable. For the Ruler, usepleasing words and as for government workers speak encouraging and praising words.

Lesson-Be careful in using appropriate words for everybody.(d) Rsih-Jamadagnirbhargavah; Devate-Mitravarunau; Chandah- Svarad Brhati.

Me vacamsyu dyatdyumattamani kartva.

Ubha yatam nasatya sajosasa prati havyani vitaye...Moral Science, Rg. 8/101/7

God-destroyer of crookednessOnly that God washes and removes away all crookedness, who is known by intellect, is

purifier of all and can be suppressed by anybody.Lesson-God, who purifies and cannot be suppressed, destroys all kinds of crookedness.10

Conclusion :It has been concluded that the clause, by its own nature, means that the soul manifests itself by

its own self only, not by some other adventitious character. What has now to be inquired into isthe specific qualities of that nature. Here the sutra at first states the opinion of the teacher Gemini.According to him the soul’s own nature is ‘like that of Brahman’ i.e., it comprises all the qualitiesbeginning with freeness from sin and concluding with truthfulness of conception and also omni-science and omnipotence; and in this nature the soul manifests itself.

References1. Max Muller- ‘What can it teach us’ P. 12.2. M. Patanjali Shastri- ‘India and Religion’.3. Barend Faddegon, Sanskrit Commission Report, N. Delhi, p. 76.4. Late Jawahar Lal Nehru, Azad Memorial Address, 1961.5. Dr. Rajendra Prasad, ex-President-Indian Union, quoted by V.P. Bokil and N.R. Paranis, P.S.,

Teaching of Sanskrit-1958.6. O.B. Algeshan : Minister of State, Govt. of India, Sanskrit Vishwa Parishad Adhiveshan,

Tirupati Conference, 1955.7. Modern Review, N. Delhi, February 1949.8. Sri Y.B. Chauhan, Union Minister of India : Part of Address delivered, World Oriental Con-

ference, 15.2.1961.9. Max Muller of Religion, p.15.10. Hymans of Rigveda- Spiritual- 8/100/12, 8/101/1, 8/101/9, 8/101/10, 8/101/11, 8/101/12, 8/

101/13, 8/101/14, 8/102/1, 8/102/3, Moral- 8/101/2, 8/101/3, 8/101/5, 8/101/7, 8/101/15, 8/101/16, 8/102/2, 9/2/3, 9/2/5, 9/3/2.

Time : The Buddhist PerspectiveRajesh Upadhyay

1. Time (and space) is the matrix which lies behind everything we sense. Any event, anyhappening, any transition, could occur only as located in this matrix.

2. Time as considered in itself manifests itself at first as succession, a string of discrete moments,some earlier, and some later. We cannot speak of a binding together of the several moments,or of a persistence of an earlier in later or of a past in a present. Rather every moment at theinstant of its coming into being disappears and vanishes forever.

3. Time as succession would be a mere ‘now’ which would have to be continually createdafresh. Pure temporality would leave no room for its continuity, and would indeed conflictwith it.

4. In empirical experience time is not given as pure succession, but as a continuum or aduration which ensures the togetherness of past and present. This duration is something inprinciple different from mere successiveness.

5. There are two different notions of time, viz. time as duration, and time as transition, asone, eternal and all-pervading (addhvâ), and as being identical with the units of change(kâla). The Buddhist totally rejects the notion of duration. Momentariness is the very coreof existence; nothing endures. There is no changing stuff that endures, but a relentlesssuccession of discrete moments. A moment is an atom or a time particle, but is in itselftimeless. Temporal distinctions of ‘before’ and ‘after’ are constructions imposed on thebasic ‘present’, which is really unspeakable.

6. The aspect of time as duration is really space which supplies to time the continuum throughwhich the binding together of its parts takes place, and rescues it from its mere ‘nowness’.Space must necessarily reinforce time in order to remove the contradiction between meresuccession and true continuity.

7. But taken by itself space would be a whole of continuity of coexistence and continuity inwhich no parts could be distinguished. Pure spatiality would be a mere emptiness whichwould swallow up everything it contains.

8. Time is thus falsified in its aspect of duration. We can talk of continuity only when momentsare arranged side by side, i.e. when it is spatialized. And in this process the distinctive

character of temporality is lost. Duration is the timelessness of time, a monotonous going-on-ness in which all distinctions are lost.

9. This is the notion of time that Bergson propounds. Time for him is pure duration (duree),with no breaks or gaps in between. This notion however is indistinguishable from absolutespace or absolute emptiness in which nothing ever happens. This is a sad caricature, atravesty of real time.

10. Pure momentariness, unless made concrete by being spatialized, is inexpressible. It canbe articulated only when spatialized and therefore falsified. Essence of momentarinesscannot be caught by language. It is thus svalaksana, the ineffable.

11. Permanence must be an ascription imposed on the moments, which perish the very momentthey are born. This is the real nature of time, which has no past or future which are itsfalsifications. The Sautrântika therefore has logically to deny the reality of the past and thefuture.

12. Time therefore is unreal in itself, but is identical with the momentary dharmas or ultimateelements of existence. For the realist time is a substance – one, eternal and all-pervading.Its existence is inferred from succession and simultaneity of thing. Past, present and futureare parts of one and the same time. These divisions really belong to the things, butmetaphorically transferred to time. It is an all-embracing receptacle in which is containedthe entire universe.

13. But such an empty time has no causal efficiency of its own. Being one and ubiquitous itis not susceptible to any change within it. Things in time change, but time itself does not.And without change there is no causal efficiency, and empty time must perforce remainbarren. Since causality pertains to things, time can be real only by being identified withthem, and does not enjoy a separate existence of its own. Moments are real but time is not;but moments are momentary things, not moments and things. Things are really timeless.

14. A moment is not accessible to cognition, since by the time cognition reaches out to it, ithas already vanished (ksanasya jñânena prâpayitum aœakyatvât). The present, in thevery moment of being grasped, is already past. What appears in cognition is a speciouspresent which occupies a span of time. It has a ‘before’ and ‘after’, and so is not themoment as it really is. A moment is strictly speaking transcendental, corresponding to abare sensation which is equally unspeakable. Momentariness, origination, annihilationare essentially all synonymous, their distinctions being only a façon de parler. A thingvanishes the very moment it comes into being.

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memLeehekeâ Deve›eâceefCekeâe - Pitambara Shakti...

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