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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
Hard XHard X--ray Optics:ray Optics:
From HEFT to NuSTARFrom HEFT to NuSTAR
Caltech Space Radiation LaboratoryHubert Chen, Fiona Harrison
Columbia Astrophysics LaboratoryJason Koglin, Jim Chonko, Chuck Hailey,Marcela Stern, David Windt
Danish Space Research InstituteFinn Christensen, Carsten Jensen, Kristin Madsen
Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryBill Craig, Todd Decker, Michael Pivovaroff
European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityEric Ziegler
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
HEFT Optics DesignHEFT Optics Design
Conic-approximation Wolter-I: 3 optics modules assembled 6 m focal length 400 mm optic length
Segmented glass optics:
300 Qm thin substrates 1.3 X-ray measured HPD
W/SiC Multilayers: 20 70 keV response
EMAAL Mounting: zero stack-up error 5 sectors/layer 5 graphite spacers/sector 1.6 mm spacers
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
NuSTAR Optics DesignNuSTAR Optics Design
Alignment PostSpherical BearingTelescope End Fitting
ConcentricMandrels
Glass Shellswith Spacers
Conic-approximation Wolter-I: 3 optics modules 10 m focal length 400 mm optic length
Segmented glass optics:
200 um thin substrates 40 HPD goal
Pt/SiC & W/SiC Multilayers: 5 80 keV response
EMAAL Mounting: zero stack-up error 8 sectors/layer 5 graphite spacers/sector narrow (0.75 mm) spacers
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
1. Micro-sheet glass formed incommercially available ovens.
2. Laser metrology used to select bestperforming substrates.
Optics Production ProcessOptics Production Process
3. Pt/SiC & W/SiC multilayer coatingsfor good reflectivity up to 80 keV.
4. Glass mounted on precisely machinedspacers with no stack-up error.
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
ErrorError--compensating Monolithiccompensating Monolithic
Assembly & Alignment (EMAAL)Assembly & Alignment (EMAAL) Each spacer is machined tothe precise radius and anglewith respect to the optic axis.
No stackNo stack--up errorsup errors arearepropagated throughoutpropagated throughoutoptic build.optic build.
Multilayer mirror segments
are constrained to spacerswith epoxy. Only near net shapedOnly near net shapedshells required to obtainshells required to obtainhigh performance.high performance.
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
Three HEFT Flight Optics AreThree HEFT Flight Optics Are
Completed & Flight ReadyCompleted & Flight Ready Demonstrated use of intermediate mandrel Repeatability in dismounting/remounting Fast Assembly one layer per day Monolithic structure for mechanical robustness
HF1HF1HF2HF2 HF3HF3
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
Calibration MethodsCalibration Methods
0
02
2
-2-2 4
4
-4-4
6
6
-6-6 X[mm]
Y[mm]
8 keV
DSRI
0
02
2
-2-2 4
4
-4-4
6
6
-6-6 X[mm]
Y[mm]
0
02
2
-2-2 4
4
-4-4
6
6
-6-6 X[mm]
Y[mm]
50keV
40keV
ESRF0
02
2
-2-2 4
4
-4-4
6
6
-6-6 X[mm]
Y[mm]
LVDT
CPPI
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HF2: 8 keV XHF2: 8 keV X--rayCalibrationrayCalibration
Pencil beam measurements performed every 2.
5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P [arcsec]
3 Spacer Quints101" P
5 Spacer Quints72" P
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
0
30
090
120
1 01 0
210
240
2 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 0 0 0
aye
P
a
se
HF3 LVDT PerformanceHF3 LVDT Performance
Continued imp ovement in subst ate p odu tionand mounting quality ont ol
57 HPD57 HPD
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
HEFT Individual SegmentHEFT Individual Segment
LVDT PerformanceLVDT Performance
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P a se
3
2
1
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Glass Selection: 1Glass Selection: 1ststStepStep
Perform11
axial scans over 20 cm glass substrate.
20 cm20 cm10 cm10 cm
7272
Cut away warped edges & analyze central 10 cm. Select pieces with < 0 HPD for 2nd Step.
OKOK
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
Glass Selection: 2Glass Selection: 2ndndStepStep
Rescan selected substrates with 31
axial scans.
454545454545
Analyze left, center & right 45 octant sections.Select best octant section with
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P [a se ]
1st nal sis uint3568 s; 75''
Enti e Invento of quint 72 segment glass used fo EFT
300300 QQmGlass Laser MetrologymGlass Laser Metrology
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P [a se ]
1st nal sis uint3568 s; 75''
2n nal sis O tant2088 s; 45''
own sele t glass ut to o tant 45 segments
300300 QQmGlass Laser MetrologymGlass Laser Metrology
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P [a se ]
1st nal sis uint3568 s; 75''
2n nal sis O tant2088 s; 45''
Sele te O tant8 s; 35''
Best e fo ming o tant segments p foN
uST R
300300 QQmGlass Laser MetrologymGlass Laser Metrology
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
020
40
60
80
100
120
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P [a se ]
1st nal sis uint468 s; 65''
Enti e Invento of 200 Qm, quint 72 segment glass
200200 QQmGlass Laser MetrologymGlass Laser Metrology
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
020
40
60
80
100
120
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P [a se ]
1st nalysis uint468 s; 65''
2n nalysis O tant338 s; 37''
N
uST R own sele t glass ut to o tant 45 segments
200200 QQmGlass Laser MetrologymGlass Laser Metrology
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
020
40
60
80
100
120
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
P [a se ]
1st nalysis uint468 s; 65''
2n nalysis O tant338 s; 37''
Sele te O tant242 s; 33''
Best e fo ming o tant segments p foN
uST R
200200 QQmGlass Laser MetrologymGlass Laser Metrology
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
10 FOV
-5.0-4.0-3.0
-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.2
LogScale
40 Glass Selection Prototype40 Glass Selection Prototype
360 pencil beam scans @ 8 and 40 keVwere performed every degree. Individual scan performance: 1515--6565
Glass specs Schott AF45 300 mm thick 45 degrees 115 mm radius 32 mirrors
40 HPD40 HPD
34 HPD
Octant sector performance: 3535--4545Overall 8 keV performance: 4040ss55
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
W/aSiC Reflectivity @40 keVW/aSiC Reflectivity @40 keV
Measured Reflectivity for Wolter I optic with W/aSiCmultilayers is in good agreement with theoretical expectation
3.5 micro3.5 micro--roughness measuredroughness measured
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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004
From HEFT to NuSTARFrom HEFT to NuSTARHEFT Balloon MissionHEFT Balloon Mission
3 x 72 Layer Modules Completed 12 ovens12 ovens 10,300 pieces slumped10,300 pieces slumped 4,000 pieces mounted4,000 pieces mounted 1 laser scanner1 laser scanner 1 coating chamber1 coating chamber
1 assembly machine1 assembly machine
NuSTAR Satellite MissionNuSTAR Satellite Mission
4 x 130 Layer Modules Required 24 ovens24 ovens 35,000 pieces slumped35,000 pieces slumped 16,640 pieces mounted16,640 pieces mounted 3 laser scanners3 laser scanners 2 coating chambers2 coating chambers
2 assembly machines2 assembly machines
Complete HF3 Telescope:Laser metrology 33% accept 5%
57 HPD demonstrated57 HPD demonstrated
Prototype Optic using HEFT glass:Laser metrology 100% accept 50%
40 HPD demonstrated40 HPD demonstrated
300 Qm Glass Substrates 3658 pcs laser characterized3658 pcs laser characterized ~30% meet 35 NuSTAR goal~30% meet 35 NuSTAR goal 5521 pcs cut ( 2% yield)5521 pcs cut ( 2% yield)
200 Qm Glass Substrates 468 pcs laser characterized468 pcs laser characterized >50% meet 35 NuSTAR goal>50% meet 35 NuSTAR goal 191 pcs cut (89% yield)191 pcs cut (89% yield)
20-70 keV Energy Response W/aSiC multilayersW/aSiC multilayers 3.5 3.5 roughness demonstratedroughness demonstrated
6-80 keV Energy Response Pt/SiC multilayersPt/SiC multilayers 3.0 3.0 roughness demonstratedroughness demonstrated
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