Mohan Laser SPIE04 5488-46

8/7/2019 Mohan Laser SPIE04 5488-46

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Jason Koglin SPIE June 23, 2004

Hard XHard X--ray Optics:ray Optics:

From HEFT to NuSTARFrom HEFT to NuSTAR

Caltech Space Radiation LaboratoryHubert Chen, Fiona Harrison

Columbia Astrophysics LaboratoryJason Koglin, Jim Chonko, Chuck Hailey,Marcela Stern, David Windt

Danish Space Research InstituteFinn Christensen, Carsten Jensen, Kristin Madsen

Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryBill Craig, Todd Decker, Michael Pivovaroff

European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityEric Ziegler


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HEFT Optics DesignHEFT Optics Design

Conic-approximation Wolter-I: 3 optics modules assembled 6 m focal length 400 mm optic length

Segmented glass optics:

300 Qm thin substrates 1.3 X-ray measured HPD

W/SiC Multilayers: 20 70 keV response

EMAAL Mounting: zero stack-up error 5 sectors/layer 5 graphite spacers/sector 1.6 mm spacers


3/22


NuSTAR Optics DesignNuSTAR Optics Design

Alignment PostSpherical BearingTelescope End Fitting

ConcentricMandrels

Glass Shellswith Spacers

Conic-approximation Wolter-I: 3 optics modules 10 m focal length 400 mm optic length

Segmented glass optics:

200 um thin substrates 40 HPD goal

Pt/SiC & W/SiC Multilayers: 5 80 keV response

EMAAL Mounting: zero stack-up error 8 sectors/layer 5 graphite spacers/sector narrow (0.75 mm) spacers


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1. Micro-sheet glass formed incommercially available ovens.

2. Laser metrology used to select bestperforming substrates.

Optics Production ProcessOptics Production Process

3. Pt/SiC & W/SiC multilayer coatingsfor good reflectivity up to 80 keV.

4. Glass mounted on precisely machinedspacers with no stack-up error.


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ErrorError--compensating Monolithiccompensating Monolithic

Assembly & Alignment (EMAAL)Assembly & Alignment (EMAAL) Each spacer is machined tothe precise radius and anglewith respect to the optic axis.

No stackNo stack--up errorsup errors arearepropagated throughoutpropagated throughoutoptic build.optic build.

Multilayer mirror segments

are constrained to spacerswith epoxy. Only near net shapedOnly near net shapedshells required to obtainshells required to obtainhigh performance.high performance.


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Three HEFT Flight Optics AreThree HEFT Flight Optics Are

Completed & Flight ReadyCompleted & Flight Ready Demonstrated use of intermediate mandrel Repeatability in dismounting/remounting Fast Assembly one layer per day Monolithic structure for mechanical robustness

HF1HF1HF2HF2 HF3HF3


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Calibration MethodsCalibration Methods

0

02

2

-2-2 4

4

-4-4

6

6

-6-6 X[mm]

Y[mm]

8 keV

DSRI

0

02

2

-2-2 4

4

-4-4

6

6

-6-6 X[mm]

Y[mm]

0

02

2

-2-2 4

4

-4-4

6

6

-6-6 X[mm]

Y[mm]

50keV

40keV

ESRF0

02

2

-2-2 4

4

-4-4

6

6

-6-6 X[mm]

Y[mm]

LVDT

CPPI


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HF2: 8 keV XHF2: 8 keV X--rayCalibrationrayCalibration

Pencil beam measurements performed every 2.

5

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

P [arcsec]

3 Spacer Quints101" P

5 Spacer Quints72" P


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0

30

090

120

1 01 0

210

240

2 0

0 10 20 30 40 0 0 0 0

aye

P

a

se

HF3 LVDT PerformanceHF3 LVDT Performance

Continued imp ovement in subst ate p odu tionand mounting quality ont ol

57 HPD57 HPD


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HEFT Individual SegmentHEFT Individual Segment

LVDT PerformanceLVDT Performance

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

020

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60

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P a se

3

2

1


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Glass Selection: 1Glass Selection: 1ststStepStep

Perform11

axial scans over 20 cm glass substrate.

20 cm20 cm10 cm10 cm

7272

Cut away warped edges & analyze central 10 cm. Select pieces with < 0 HPD for 2nd Step.

OKOK


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Glass Selection: 2Glass Selection: 2ndndStepStep

Rescan selected substrates with 31

axial scans.

454545454545

Analyze left, center & right 45 octant sections.Select best octant section with


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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

020

40

60

80

100

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P [a se ]

1st nal sis uint3568 s; 75''

Enti e Invento of quint 72 segment glass used fo EFT

300300 QQmGlass Laser MetrologymGlass Laser Metrology


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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

020

40

60

80

100

120

140

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P [a se ]


2n nal sis O tant2088 s; 45''

own sele t glass ut to o tant 45 segments



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0

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020

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P [a se ]


2n nal sis O tant2088 s; 45''

Sele te O tant8 s; 35''

Best e fo ming o tant segments p foN

uST R



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020

40

60

80

100

120

020

40

60

80

100

120

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P [a se ]


Enti e Invento of 200 Qm, quint 72 segment glass



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020

40

60

80

100

120

020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

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220

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P [a se ]

1st nalysis uint468 s; 65''

2n nalysis O tant338 s; 37''

N

uST R own sele t glass ut to o tant 45 segments



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020

40

60

80

100

120

020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

P [a se ]

1st nalysis uint468 s; 65''

2n nalysis O tant338 s; 37''

Sele te O tant242 s; 33''

Best e fo ming o tant segments p foN

uST R



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10 FOV

-5.0-4.0-3.0

-2.5-2.0-1.5-1.0-0.2

LogScale

40 Glass Selection Prototype40 Glass Selection Prototype

360 pencil beam scans @ 8 and 40 keVwere performed every degree. Individual scan performance: 1515--6565

Glass specs Schott AF45 300 mm thick 45 degrees 115 mm radius 32 mirrors

40 HPD40 HPD

34 HPD

Octant sector performance: 3535--4545Overall 8 keV performance: 4040ss55


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W/aSiC Reflectivity @40 keVW/aSiC Reflectivity @40 keV

Measured Reflectivity for Wolter I optic with W/aSiCmultilayers is in good agreement with theoretical expectation

3.5 micro3.5 micro--roughness measuredroughness measured


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From HEFT to NuSTARFrom HEFT to NuSTARHEFT Balloon MissionHEFT Balloon Mission

3 x 72 Layer Modules Completed 12 ovens12 ovens 10,300 pieces slumped10,300 pieces slumped 4,000 pieces mounted4,000 pieces mounted 1 laser scanner1 laser scanner 1 coating chamber1 coating chamber

1 assembly machine1 assembly machine

NuSTAR Satellite MissionNuSTAR Satellite Mission

4 x 130 Layer Modules Required 24 ovens24 ovens 35,000 pieces slumped35,000 pieces slumped 16,640 pieces mounted16,640 pieces mounted 3 laser scanners3 laser scanners 2 coating chambers2 coating chambers

2 assembly machines2 assembly machines

Complete HF3 Telescope:Laser metrology 33% accept 5%

57 HPD demonstrated57 HPD demonstrated

Prototype Optic using HEFT glass:Laser metrology 100% accept 50%

40 HPD demonstrated40 HPD demonstrated

300 Qm Glass Substrates 3658 pcs laser characterized3658 pcs laser characterized ~30% meet 35 NuSTAR goal~30% meet 35 NuSTAR goal 5521 pcs cut ( 2% yield)5521 pcs cut ( 2% yield)

200 Qm Glass Substrates 468 pcs laser characterized468 pcs laser characterized >50% meet 35 NuSTAR goal>50% meet 35 NuSTAR goal 191 pcs cut (89% yield)191 pcs cut (89% yield)

20-70 keV Energy Response W/aSiC multilayersW/aSiC multilayers 3.5 3.5 roughness demonstratedroughness demonstrated

6-80 keV Energy Response Pt/SiC multilayersPt/SiC multilayers 3.0 3.0 roughness demonstratedroughness demonstrated

Mohan Laser SPIE04 5488-46

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