Download - Ma, M., Xu, F., Chundawat, R. S., Jumabay, K., Wu, Y. Q ...Ma, M., Xu, F., Chundawat, R. S., Jumabay, K., Wu, Y. Q., Aizezi, and Zhu, M. H. (2006). Camera trapping of snow leopards

Ma, M., Xu, F., Chundawat, R. S., Jumabay, K., Wu, Y. Q., Aizezi, and Zhu, M. H. (2006). Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains. Acta Zoologica Sinica 52(4): 788-793.

Keywords: 4CN/camera-trapping/camera trapping/movement/movement distance/photo/ population size/scats/sign/snow leopard/snow tracking/survey/transect/transects/Uncia uncia/Xinjiang

Abstract: The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate snow leopard Uncia uncia population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in five different small vales of the Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province, E80°35' – 81°00' and N42°00' – 42°10', elevation 2'300 – 3'000 m, from 18th October to 27th December 2005. We expended approximately 2094 trap days and nights total (c. 50'256 hours). At least 32 pictures of snow leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species (e.g. chukor, wild pig, ibex, red fox, cape hare) and 72 pictures of livestock were taken by the passive Cam Trakker (CT) train monitor in about 16 points of the Muzat Valley. The movement distance of snow leopard was 3-10 km/day. And the capture rate or photographic rate of snow leopard was 1.53%. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. According to 32 photos, photographic rate and sign survey after snowing on the spot, were about 5-8 individuals of snow leopards in the research area, and the minimum density of snow leopard in Muzat Valley was 2.0 – 3.2 individuals/100 km2. We observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours, and found about 20 groups and a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area.

!"#$ !"%#&’$%%&$’(("))*!"#$%&&’&()"$*)+)"$

"))*+)(+,!QR("))*+)#+")OP

!IAKY%B7%-./0&|UZ,Q%B7%123&?C,0456786897:4;96<=>?8?@A9B79>C<7DE->C87>9C5D>9F.>D;/8DG97?07=6C

9>?15>H59>B2D>687I9C5D>3=>?-

!!34!i%2D7786GD>?5>B9=C4D7&J K+E95F’E9E5>B!E6JLH@J9:J:>

""))*!"#$!"#$%&&’&()"$*)+)"$

PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL!

k G,!! f t, MN.N2OPQRSTS0" U=@9>A:4VPWSXSY"Y[n, \p]( I^v(,J?If#gUZ9TVB#JKS(_H+h%()),,"J->C87>9C5D>9F.>D;/8DG97?07=6C(.89CCF8(TS’%,)((P.S(JUZ‘+}tbp,-|B#{(|Q?%#()))

= > jBdg#b!_Ar*\KY5{!:%&KL(SDI^Fl’|WIg72P2Y"))!f,)>,%N(7,">"$N33W]|IgO!$,?(Eu7(*kdg_Ar(z")’#%_AN(!)"!*4(Q/ng$,%WDUZ$"‘+}tbp,-|^!%mv5,*%BRe;lV2@)KY_yz("V()*lVv3e.tvfl,J!(ZW+6_y%&35?@:eK:a@72f%.5B>.=7I8AS<C87.>D;5>B&5,r(?]D"!)[E"st^@!&%]KY{!(%&5N{!/}(&,)[E+?()b1?uc+("J)&(J"]+

,))[E"W9lV2)yI9!"_y""V(#S"k|IJ|l#|!y|bc~Wfg(972!#")P(d17!:ch!l|(,%,!"#$!"%#&’$%%&$’(("))*-WZ^_ KY dgb!Ar lVv Snc+ K:72W $"

!"#$%"&%"’’()*+,-)+./$+’"%0-,+%&1$’1+&+2"’&3%$%"&$")0’+’3/"&(+)-(4$()&1$534"&6"//$7+,8(")-1")5+3)&"()-!

WSW5>B,(1P38>B,(MN.N2OPQRSTS0"(U=@9>A:4VPWSXSY"(TPY5+\=>,(S5]8]5(( OPW9+OD>B(,J15>H59>B->6C5C=C8D<K:DFDBA9>?_8DB79G4A(245>868S:9?8EAD<.:58>:86(P7=E‘5 %()),,(245>9"J->C87>9C5D>9F.>D;/8DG97?07=6C(.89CCF8(TS ’%,)((P.S(JW9>9B8E8>CX=789=D<0DE=738>Ba7DC8:C8?S789(S[6= %#()))(15>H59>B(245>9

9:-&%"2& 048E95>G=7GD68D<C456;D7[;96CD6C=?AC48=68D<5><7978?C79GG5>B:9E8796CD86C5E9C86>D;F8DG97?,+")$-+")$GDG=F9C5D>65]85>96G8:5<5:6C=?A9789N045656C48<576CC5E896C=?AD<C456>9C=78496C9[8>GF9:85>245>9NR=75>B$,?9A6D<<58F?;D7[(9CDC9FD<(*:9E8796;87868C=G5><5I8?5<<878>C6E9FFI9F86D<C48W=]9Cb9FF8A9?H9:8>CCDC480DE=7Q9C=78M8687I85>15>H59>Ba7DI5>:8(K%)c(!d&%,c))d9>?Q#"c))d&#"c,)d(8F8I9C5D>"())&()))E(<7DE,%C4e:CD@87CD"$C4R8:8E@87"))!NT88LG8>?8?9GG7DL5E9C8FA")’#C79G?9A69>?>5B4C6CDC9F%:N!)"!*4D=76&NSCF896C("G5:C=786D<6>D;F8DG97?6(""G5:C=786D<DC487;5F?6G8:586%8NBN(:4=[D7(;5F?G5B(5@8L(78?<DL(:9G84978&9>?$"G5:C=786D<F5I86CD:[;878C9[8>@AC48G9665I829E079[[87%20&C795FED>5CD75>9@D=C,*GD5>C6D<C48W=]9Cb9FF8AN048EDI8E8>C?56C9>:8D<6>D;F8DG97?;96(&,)[E+?9ANS>?C48:9GC=7879C8D7G4DCDB79G45:79C8D<6>D;F8DG97?;96,J!(ZNW89>;45F8(")C79>68:C6;8787=>9>?(,<8:8669EGF8;878:DFF8:C8?NS::D7?5>BCD("G4DCD6(G4DCDB79G45:79C89>?65B>6=7I8A9<C876>D;5>BD>C486GDC(C4878;8789@D=C!&%5>?5I5?=9F6D<6>D;F8DG97?65>C48786897:49789(9>?C48E5>5E=E?8>65CAD<6>D;F8DG97?5>W=]9Cb9FF8A;96"J)&(J"5>?5I5?=9F6+,))[E"NT89F6DD@687I8?C48@849I5D7D<5@8L<D7$$J(4D=76(9>?<D=>?9@D=C")B7D=G69>?9CDC9FD<9GG7DL5E9C8FA"*#5@8L865>

!"#$#%#&$’"&$#&,!"#$%&&’&()"$*)+)"$()%*&’+,,-+./()001-2!"#$%&’( 34567#58&$9%(,+")$-+")$(:4;$&$#9!$&88<4=’&>#$&%(?&8!@$#$&!#(A#4%<!B(3@$C#B&;!#$%456<4=(

D<&4%"&4E5@4!&<4%

KY%,+")$-+")$&lY{U"S([>?uD?I5rsWA]5FF%IA@NL?u(#|ee|q+|5%!t|fqQ!t|q}q!|ghQ!t|<R!:O;~W9(KY5KL=N|2<+?u:uck~PR(JK5S+Y6NWUZKYJKAcP2Y)00/fW(:VO;|q}q!|q+|NI~5iADUZ|}j"|Sf"|Js$":?s$"%‘+}tB|&P)72W[>JK^t45KY5a@72(#P@|ka|wl0*%[@&|m@|7z|na|ch%AGH?@&|o@|k"Vp~%kG~()00()ft~()00(&W?$e*|>2-v(!#.*P(IgO!]|F*0R$(\y9_cS"kKL72%JKKY5k"?F&:bz9g72W)00(fF0-F)>(D3[-v5%+3(P2dgb!Aru7:lVO!W

‘Bb!_ArsZI9!"_cuu:|mJK*@6E["%qA (F..,)I#44#JJ##!&J2(

)00))3<JC#<$&#!&J2()00/)K&%@9&()00*&WPrKm F0 f D N $ r%.$+#/01$&+"$&|r%.$+#/01$#)(1)2&|Y%.$+#/01$3$14-2&:NF_%!)’-1&3&4$50’$+&’0-"$&~5JK>X(?kZ1/]5mQ%L&$&4!"(F..()?&$M54##!&J2()00F)N&JJ&’##!&J2()00/)HOJ&4&493"&$>&(

)00/)D A I ~()00/()00*)E&;;#<#!&J2(

)00*)3<JC#$#!&J2()00*)7o:()00*)s##~()00(&WoKBZKYo)Snc+572F$@(+(D$"S!b)5PQR(NBdgV=@)<LW;O!({K/|@JK5h,W

) 72BV>WJKBR7DUZ$"‘+}tbp,-|m

’5+GPvBWB#t0(Jk,0P/(Q-,FP00Q(SM*)P00Q-*)PF0QW$"b2t‘+}t<++*/(>W3B|"5VR()*<+*000>n35"Bz410R()?1000>n352t@

F(u(1,00>n352t(uW1?@a/M#

(0.P(f4jL)00-*00>>%?If#gH"f#-v{(F.,(&W

S|-vEvudgb!Ar*,k(lYNIT?&>D$&SS#$m)Tl(j-(T&4=#$/(>>

%EA3K+6?ITUJB>8@%DT:V(0(1@5

F/(b!Ar&W[>45Qs?’X3b!ZHz#_Ar|7!mdgG‘@):$l%*8

HHw$l|1Wx$l&WT&4=#$’nb!lV<w<f*F0-F(>MXn^ht3B!5"&WNB:3U*005yjngW

z@/1kAr?ru7D+GP6vNho

(%enmv?%FF&(E+:6+)(XF0S>)

st^(<+)/00-/000>W(LlV2KY[\hX(b!Ar~eZ_]DPe5c*#3(2YBX/0-(0’>(VKYX2OmW+6KY5vk:{!o‘(,,"r|"s|0,|!.R|)!m:N8~mu7Ar(_Ar/}a@R/-(>W<w^sS3K(n;7;q53z)OtIAr|=>lV’[:v6G‘%W;O!W

D#7<z>{/b!Ar57)(45<z|N<:lVz|~W9>XY*\YV3=p]UK6|aZAr5W-|x$lW-|<w>sou,3[|qr:a@/j~WDFZ(00005BPF30ab!Ar5?uWBDu,_Ary2a@N<|ngW-:ArW-~V>,r\yVIPy?(n7N:arW

b!ArDPy3’*\\|Wz5N<W3b!Ar@v$|hu:)*"SuwxO!/S7)(\|Wz5yzz|@)0%|.0%|/><4|

(><4|)(><4|*(><4~1S,,W+6UZ$"5qrPQ:KY5{!o‘%kG~()00()

E’?&$!"B#!&J2()00(&(3;_]()*"%xO!(lVz|()0%3.0%(}W\|F-)n.2/|ng:$l(oy*\:sNW{/Oqng(BW-IzW

62%&5>W;pKjBA\hX|sU5_y_cY6%#35|&j|cj~&W32lV5yz|BR%FZ(0000?uBF&|lVv3e.tvf%?&8!@$#$&!#&|eK:a@72f%3<=4%@$C#B&;!#$%456<4=&:k"?F.7~5r2,r(b:?]%&o)KL(XA[G+H1aKY5b1c+-%A(b1c+)G(%&K)H72Xm&W

.,+*< k G~’PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL

F! UZ‘+}tB|KY-vBF%+6UZu{{"##$fUZBF)<+’%&!’jNQ?)"’P;|Q)#’WQDv)$’|QDv)%’5vr^DW

&’()! *+,-./0,1%2345-6478,432/9’6*4%./:/,2%:;;4/9’6(<4<+,=2345>’6?’26()@8,02<’46’%,<,/&!’&’()*+,-./’0"’1.)2)/’*0#’1,3*4)-./’0$’!*4)+,-./’0%’5,6.)7’/)4)0

" 3 [S|Ig-vb899:f;9>;<N7;8>8=

N(]|IgO!|=;>WE|u7?@k_Ar%)R;8k@20&(z89AB%_AN%5(.C>.2+3(D(.CE)6FD+&(|:98:@FWQ/=;%ng(==AV_y%45u,&We;lV2=SI9!"Wz@88kb!ArD;@%BRlV2KY_yz

?8V%5;&Wk/VKY_yK;9>8:NlV5(b:/VK;8>8?NlVW;;>8?NDWQDvlV28]KYD/@5_y%F8R&W\y-v{RDP;|QBB~m{d<s8]KYWGp(D5vr^D>@lV2KY(oa@7256(7N@8]Ya>Ymv?W9g72~5ES^@=YvudY{!Wr2?@(D$"+GPv8:9*G8st^z@:H<]KY{!%58&(b1c+(8I9H?I8]+;99*G8W;K9D($"‘+}tB|zB999*G8st^?u@KY<9H;?9]WKI^KYSnY61?5|]W

-v<z(b!Ar9lV2)yI9!"_y|88V(#IJ%!"##$%&’((;V&|S"k%)(*%(+,-.(?V&|l#%/-*"#$(*-0#+#(?V&|!y%12-$3&%+#$4"5(%(: V&|bc%6"2*-#7"2*-#(AV&~WlV}G|"k|~~A!=8

5! $"+GPvb!ArlVKY{|%"##A&

*2B8,! C2<246-6478,432/93+4<4%DE&’6=.F2<G288,15/4%H;<4B,/(I40,%B,/269C,;,%B,/"##A

u7BR

&)D’

lV2KY

ArK%k&

J,G7’(+3K

L.G’(.DF.D

D33*&M

C)LD,(’+

@KY

ngK

J,G7’(+3K

K)/G(3//DF.D

D33*&M

C)LD,(’+

KY_yKL%V&

J,G7’(3K&MC)LD,(’

;9>

NLD0

;;>

J3O0

;8>

$’L0

2|

53D./

jNQ?

&’()*+,-./’? ? 9 8 ; ?

P;|Q

1.)2)/’*;9 ;8 8 = @ ;:

WQDv

1,3*4)-./’: < ; = 8 ;9

|QDv

!*4)+,-./’B B 9 ? ; B

5vr^D

5,6.)7’/)4)9 9 9 9 9 9

2|53D./ 88L.G’(.+ 8=(3//+ ? ;A ;9 ?8

VW9{|72!#89P(]|!#l2ABP(lE+l@=AA9GWd17!:ch!l|?;%WVK\yuvS"kc(;<>%JKKY5k"?F&(2|z==I?F({|2S"k8@B](z89n(\n;?I8](Snc+(;9:I@]+;99*G8W

9A= ! " # $ :8g

5! $"+GPv[\BRKYlVvo%&K

"#$%&! ’()*)+#,*-.&.#*&#/0/-1$&.)23/03430-#%5+)1,#.35)/$&*6&&/53*&53/7-8#*9#%%&:

BR

!"#$

_AN

%$&

!"#$%&’()*

_yK

%V&

+#$),"-*

lVv

%.&!

+#$),"-"#)-

%&K%]&

/0102

&%3&4&3,#5*

jNQ?

6-"&7*,8#5-9:; 9 ;<=> ?

P;|Q

@#&A&5-7=B> ?B ?<>: ?CD

WQDv

@,07E&8#5-9>F ?; D<B9 D

|QDv

G7E&*,8#5-HB9 H ;<:: ?

5vr^D

!,’#&I-5&E&?;F ; ; %"D&!!

2|!0)#5 D;>H 9D ?<B9 BC:

! lVv%.&J_yK+_A$KK?;;W

!!+6EBc=*\|K:a@72:9g{|~W

!+#$),"-"#)-J+#$),"-+)"#$%&’()*K?;;1

!!GLL0"3&%’)0M-)(0302*&’%*,"4-A#2)-"*%0N&%’(E,-*)&0%%#&"-#%3

N&)%-**1

; " @9(KYK2""S(h5h((Q"Duz

{!(KLN)=N([tu78h"(72@(:;6S%6L(#55-"-)#51(?>::)6L(#55-"(?>>:)

O#550%(?>>F)OL+#")(A-)#51(D;;B&W/TJKKY5iA(H‘(>@DIg<2sKYWn58>PBNL5b!Aru*\!"5S/||m:?u%45qrB,,&(oKiS3sNXm:/]KLAru712*@{|#Y-5?@(nl2%&6r|KL5|:Snku5c5W&|JKK/|@JK5h,W3sZ9DVKY_y5?@(56eb!_AsfK$1c2YZSS*@6#%&PU5{U!"_cKL725()JKe&:rs277nBOPW

KYK/S:;r85!"WD@#n:#b{!5|]e3<vf%+#$),"-"#)-&6#41WKY@DTP\5c(hy>77D_][#{!~hy>z|~Eyza"h{!\]@~Nht#K/9:g’<‘a@:_y?12iiK#WDWQDv(@/V\ylV2D]KY5_y%FDR&WDjNQ?(_Are./f2KY$w0*%[@&5!!WKY{!stl9C?;

F! NBb!ArD+GPvlV5KY_y+6KY$%s:Mhs5F#(3F:?F(\/

]KY(RF(fgN]W

<3=>! ?@#1,%&5)23/03430-#%30&/*323+#*3)/)/5/)6%&),#.0-53/=+#1&.#A*.#,,()*)5)2.3/=&0A

,#**&./5GLL0"3&%’)0)(-*$0)$#))-"%0%)(-I,))0L7*#%325#%7*

#%3N#&*)*()(-)0$#%3)(-M&335-N#**#M-#%&M#5()(-

I0))0MN#*0)(-"*1

7M+3Wy>3;[K7D8[&/(OKqi/|]{!(9CHnV//|W?@_y@d(

>=. 5_yKDuzlV(&6KYuck5PR(D’M~K#KW

AZY 6L(#55-"-)#5<%?>::&: 6L(#55-"%?>>:&55|(DUZ5m5B|(c<KY5SnKL9Y6!](R45+512Lii(eWDBHVI9!"_y?(KY_y5KL~YZ)yI9!"KLl:(89Vs+R#:)’@ZW3;D’M#ng>*a"g(Omf+!#,KIEs_(7N@F-#b:K.]GkzDL"v?%D1s?DFV!"_y?@B=.5_yKA!&WS!)yI9!"0;O;0WKYpjn>5I9k"%+(npFs/=#

?>=H< k G~’PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL

n(V#b0z5Sm{C0-PWZABS"kKL572(Snc+(!"#$%]+!""&’((;_KLZmY-(\!q5LKYk"?F50jW

S|Vb+GPv5)(VKY_y9Ki@<5(’?25@’eV.vf%*+,-./012+2.0+&Y61(3’BY%&6r5|Y6@)$H5|dh/h5_yz4Q?0/(h,_c{|#*D@/]6SW?@5((lVvV%&KL0z5AZkK["O15W^YD’2!&KL|P5yx(n!"3(dU(_ce.tfVeV.f{|(jB45667,8+9+20oV.-j5DSnc+oKL%:.2.;0<(!==#)>.??+@+0.6A((""B)

8@6C+2+0.6A((""B&W9K(-L?@_y(9n28C)yuv>W:?@_cb1c+:KL55D(#c=*\|a@?@|k".7|9g72o!#{|~W’M725pRKtuh"a@(PrKeK:72WfK_c=@5uck!"KL725@’>W0/W

DKL72>X(9>@/S7+3>WKZxZN5WD.’E2.&&+2ArZSlV5!">@,,k(./ZGN2IJ(M2!yW@yZq}l!|Rj3RK{@_‘W>sk{3Y)yTl%#E2.@6>.F0+2ArjBeht%fVeOQ%fN%@)?P5G‘m{(>skJ(ZlV!"5NM32+{@,,&Wfg(3

D.’E2.&&+27+D‘B3{#D/T9:W#2"435wx%#1F|Nq|OK|5O&(bV=>Lb!Ar5W;O!(B[KS6e1$xf7+W_I!(>(DG!#H2G("HPQR(w$l5NBee]K;FR5Q?0/WG‘%5!^+{41L(@ylV5K}GX3i]@{s%#KYw5&WD7c5uz(z@/f5_Ar[<W;O!W

tS GSew:WCs=>5R)8R:dU’Ga y|+ n 6|" 8 i|5 } v|E5’.F>-D.20<7|I+52J+KA8-<.66+2|:76+ >-D.20<7|

E597L<++6+2|*oj||uVK=|VZ9|*:|\;)|F2|vN:|7’J|IbD|8R|2<8|Y=|]OD|YLG|v}‘|Qp+|5i>]|\w~(noUZy0{|UZI9!",-?7||Q?B|y0{|$"‘+}t,-|B#{%$"y<&|UZ_8:ramC{|UZyfg|?If#g%DM8&|UZ

9TVB#S|IAKY%B7%N8OE&|UZ,Q%B7%PDQ&~W

J-XX%!"#"$"%&"’&

MR6.;>4(8<.2’.8:(("")AD.’+2.02.//@;J0<+N;35-<@;+F+0@J+2@;.F+-5;3.27?52+F0@;S+;@;F16.2>[email protected]*.??6+FK166+0@;5?T5565J7#!%(&’B(!GB(UA

D.295;+D(D<2@F0@+8(D5;?520@:(D516F5;E(Q2.;&6@;V(I@;F9+2J4*(I2@??@0<F>(W563+;4((""!AE<+1F+5?/<505J2./<@-2.0+F05+F0@’.0+3+;F@075?0@J+2.;350<+2-27/0@-’.’’.6FAM;@’.6D5;F+2C.0@5;B’U#GU=A

D<@;+F+M-.3+’75?8-@+;-+F(!=X#AE<+9@565J7?25’E5’12.2+.F@;E@.;F<.;AY21’Z@’P@;[@.;JS+5/6+*FS2+FF(!G#(A

W1.;J\P(W1]Q(O@1L8(4+??>1;0@?+2@;J(("")AQ@+63F12C+75;8510<D<@;.0@J+2F.;30<+@2<[email protected]+C.61.0@5;@; \@<1.;JS25C@;[email protected]*+F+2C+@;4@.;J@S25C@;-+A4512;.65?K+@[@;JQ52+F027Y;@C+2F@07(#%B&’#BG#X%N;D<@;+F+&A

W1.;J\P(W1]Q(E.;JPS(L.;JTD(O@1L8((""BAQ@+63F12C+75?F510<D<@;.0@J+2F.;30<+@2<[email protected]+C.61.0@5;@;W1/@;JF<.;V.0@5;.6*+F+2C+A4512;.65?T<+[@.;JQ52+F027D566+J+(!%(&’!X"G!XB%N;D<@;+F+&A

4+;;+66+D8(*1;J+ >D( >.-:+;R@+ ]N((""(AE<+ 1F+ 5?/<505J2./<@-2.0+F05+F0@’.0+3+;F@0@+F5?0@J+2F.;350<+2-27/0@-’.’’.6F’. -5’’+;0 5; ’@F6+.3@;J -5;-61F@5;FA M;@’.6D5;F+2C.0@5;#’!!=G!("A

:.2.;0<:Y(!==#A_F0@’.0@;J0@J+2!"#$%&’"$()’(*/5/16.0@5;?25’-.’+2.,02./ 3.0. 1F@;J -./012+,2+-./012+ ’53+6FA K@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;U!’)))G))XA

:.2.;0<:Y(V@-<56F4](!==XA_F0@’.0@5;5?0@J+23+;F@0@+F@;N;[email protected]@;J/<505J2./<@--./012+F.;32+-./012+FA_-565J7U=’(X#(G(X%(A

O@TP((""BA8@9+2@.;0@J+22+.//+.2F@;W1@-<1;AD<@;+F+L@636@?+(#%(&’)B%N;D<@;+F+&A

O1PO(4@.;JTI(E.;J4*(L.;JP4(P@.;J]‘(T<.;J4S((""#AM105,02@JJ+2-.’+2.02./F?52F0137@;JJ@.;0/.;3..;3@0FF7’/.02@-a@636@?+F/+-@[email protected]@;@-.#!%)&’B=#G#""%N;D<@;+F+&A

>.>(>1;&<0F5JK(P1Q(>.23.;E(\@;84(L+@8]((""#A>.2&@;JF.F@;[email protected]?F;5a6+5/.23@;?@+63F12C+7(@;P@;[@.;JAD<@;+F+4512;.65?T5565J7B"%B&’)BG)=A

>.??+@O(D1+66.2_(V5FFM((""BAb;+0<51F.;3[.J1.2F!"#$%&’"+#,"@;K56@C@.*FD<.-5hD.’+2.02.//@;J@;0<+:..,N7.V.0@5;.6S.2&A4512;.6T5565J7%O5;35;&(%(’(=#G)"BA

>.665;](!==%A80.01F.;3-5;F+2C.0@5;5?6.2J+’.’’.6F@;O.3.&<AK@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;#%’!"!G!!=A

>-D.20<7E(Q166+2E(>1;&<0F5JK((""#A>5C+’+;0F.;3.-0@C@0@+F5? 8;5a O+5/.23 @; F510<a+F0+2; >5;[email protected] K@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;!(B’#(UG#)UA

S+@:(!==XAM;+C.61.0@5;5?1F@;J.105,02@JJ+2-.’+2.F052+-523.-0@C@07/.00+2;F5?a@63.;@’.6FAE.@a.;Q52+F0278-@+;-+!)%B&’)!UG)(BA

8-<.66+2I(W5;JO(E.6@/1*(*+;4(‘@1>(!=XXAE<+F;5a6+5/.23@;P@;[@.;J(D<@;.Ab27 ((%B&’!=UG("BA

8-<.66+2I(!==XAL@636@?+5?0<+E@9+0.;80+//+AD<@-.J5’Y;@C+2F@075?D<@-.J5S2+FF(!U#G!XXA

8@[email protected](4.-5’5MEM(]@;@R,Q@6<5Q(("")AD.’+2.02./(6@;+02.;F+-0-+;F1F.;302.-&F12C+7F’.-5’/.2.0@C++C.61.0@5;AK@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;!!B’)#!G)##A

8@6C+28D(bF025O_E(>.2F<O:(>.??+@O(V5FFM4((""BAE<+1F+5?-.’+2.02./F?52+F0@’.0@;J[.J1.2!"#$%&’"+#,".91;3.;-+.;33+;F@071F@;J-./012+,2+-./012+.;.67F@FAb27 )X%(&’!GUA

L.66.-+*K(I5’+RW(M7.6.I(_F/@;5R.Q(("")AD.’+2.02.//@;J?52[.J1.2!"#$%&’"+#,"@;0<+E1@-<@c.66+7(K56@[email protected]+5025/A>.’’.6!"%!&’!))G!)=A

P1Q(>.>(\@;84(>.23.;((""#A8;5a6+5/.23F12C+7@;E1’52V.012+*+F+2C+(P@;[@.;JA8@-<1.;4512;.65?T5565J7(B%B&’%"XG%!"A

(=U ! " # $ #(g

!"#$%"&(’(()*&+,-.+/-,0%-12/#-.3",%"4$,%",52+67"77"8#9-.:5"72/"./";#’"5"#2#.$%3+,&+$,.<#$=$4"(52,./"8>";",*&"77"8?.$%3’@’ABC)D*

DAI(\D@(".!(>266&$,.-62/-,0(’((A*}Dbp,-

|ZKrI9Sn72oqrB]Y*STy0N##$’E%)&’E)CEF*

DAI(\D@(9M)(JoA(".!(’(()*B^"bp,

-|ZKrIg72oqrB]Y*hiy#g#$’G%’&’

GF(CGF)*7o:(’(()*Cpa"JSr*I9!"’E%’&’A)*s##(*oj(9)h(J#‘(s]D(V^)(’((E*b!

G‘_Am{DNF_no\]?u5I9!"JK?5‘

B*!"#$EG%A&’)@ECE((*k G(H&$,=:.#+0(f t(v}‘(EFG(]OD(’((E*

UZKY72?5a@?@*!"#0o)(%)&’A)CA@*qA (G@@F*PBb!_A7+*\I9!"{!-m0]5*

kly0f#GA%)&’AGBCA’)*f t(k G(EFG(v}‘(’((E*UZ‘+}tbp,-

|KY72i$*i#!"’)%)&’D(FCDG(*?If#gH"f#-v{(G@FE*$"‘+}tB|59"*_

H+h’UZ8bat6(GCE’*

A@B)< k G~’PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL

!"#$ !"%#&’$%%&$’(("))*!"#$%&&’&()"$*)+)"$

"))*+)(+,!QR("))*+)#+")OP

!IAKY%B7%-./0&|UZ,Q%B7%123&?C,0456786897:4;96<=>?8?@A9B79>C<7DE->C87>9C5D>9F.>D;/8DG97?07=6C

9>?15>H59>B2D>687I9C5D>3=>?-

!!34!i%2D7786GD>?5>B9=C4D7&J K+E95F’E9E5>B!E6JLH@J9:J:>

""))*!"#$!"#$%&&’&()"$*)+)"$

PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL!

k G,!! f t, MN.N2OPQRSTS0" U=@9>A:4VPWSXSY"Y[n, \p]( I^v(,J?If#gUZ9TVB#JKS(_H+h%()),,"J->C87>9C5D>9F.>D;/8DG97?07=6C(.89CCF8(TS’%,)((P.S(JUZ‘+}tbp,-|B#{(|Q?%#()))

= > jBdg#b!_Ar*\KY5{!:%&KL(SDI^Fl’|WIg72P2Y"))!f,)>,%N(7,">"$N33W]|IgO!$,?(Eu7(*kdg_Ar(z")’#%_AN(!)"!*4(Q/ng$,%WDUZ$"‘+}tbp,-|^!%mv5,*%BRe;lV2@)KY_yz("V()*lVv3e.tvfl,J!(ZW+6_y%&35?@:eK:a@72f%.5B>.=7I8AS<C87.>D;5>B&5,r(?]D"!)[E"st^@!&%]KY{!(%&5N{!/}(&,)[E+?()b1?uc+("J)&(J"]+

,))[E"W9lV2)yI9!"_y""V(#S"k|IJ|l#|!y|bc~Wfg(972!#")P(d17!:ch!l|(,%,!"#$!"%#&’$%%&$’(("))*-WZ^_ KY dgb!Ar lVv Snc+ K:72W $"

!"#$%"&%"’’()*+,-)+./$+’"%0-,+%&1$’1+&+2"’&3%$%"&$")0’+’3/"&(+)-(4$()&1$534"&6"//$7+,8(")-1")5+3)&"()-!

WSW5>B,(1P38>B,(MN.N2OPQRSTS0"(U=@9>A:4VPWSXSY"(TPY5+\=>,(S5]8]5(( OPW9+OD>B(,J15>H59>B->6C5C=C8D<K:DFDBA9>?_8DB79G4A(245>868S:9?8EAD<.:58>:86(P7=E‘5 %()),,(245>9"J->C87>9C5D>9F.>D;/8DG97?07=6C(.89CCF8(TS ’%,)((P.S(JW9>9B8E8>CX=789=D<0DE=738>Ba7DC8:C8?S789(S[6= %#()))(15>H59>B(245>9

9:-&%"2& 048E95>G=7GD68D<C456;D7[;96CD6C=?AC48=68D<5><7978?C79GG5>B:9E8796CD86C5E9C86>D;F8DG97?,+")$-+")$GDG=F9C5D>65]85>96G8:5<5:6C=?A9789N045656C48<576CC5E896C=?AD<C456>9C=78496C9[8>GF9:85>245>9NR=75>B$,?9A6D<<58F?;D7[(9CDC9FD<(*:9E8796;87868C=G5><5I8?5<<878>C6E9FFI9F86D<C48W=]9Cb9FF8A9?H9:8>CCDC480DE=7Q9C=78M8687I85>15>H59>Ba7DI5>:8(K%)c(!d&%,c))d9>?Q#"c))d&#"c,)d(8F8I9C5D>"())&()))E(<7DE,%C4e:CD@87CD"$C4R8:8E@87"))!NT88LG8>?8?9GG7DL5E9C8FA")’#C79G?9A69>?>5B4C6CDC9F%:N!)"!*4D=76&NSCF896C("G5:C=786D<6>D;F8DG97?6(""G5:C=786D<DC487;5F?6G8:586%8NBN(:4=[D7(;5F?G5B(5@8L(78?<DL(:9G84978&9>?$"G5:C=786D<F5I86CD:[;878C9[8>@AC48G9665I829E079[[87%20&C795FED>5CD75>9@D=C,*GD5>C6D<C48W=]9Cb9FF8AN048EDI8E8>C?56C9>:8D<6>D;F8DG97?;96(&,)[E+?9ANS>?C48:9GC=7879C8D7G4DCDB79G45:79C8D<6>D;F8DG97?;96,J!(ZNW89>;45F8(")C79>68:C6;8787=>9>?(,<8:8669EGF8;878:DFF8:C8?NS::D7?5>BCD("G4DCD6(G4DCDB79G45:79C89>?65B>6=7I8A9<C876>D;5>BD>C486GDC(C4878;8789@D=C!&%5>?5I5?=9F6D<6>D;F8DG97?65>C48786897:49789(9>?C48E5>5E=E?8>65CAD<6>D;F8DG97?5>W=]9Cb9FF8A;96"J)&(J"5>?5I5?=9F6+,))[E"NT89F6DD@687I8?C48@849I5D7D<5@8L<D7$$J(4D=76(9>?<D=>?9@D=C")B7D=G69>?9CDC9FD<9GG7DL5E9C8FA"*#5@8L865>

!"#$#%#&$’"&$#&,!"#$%&&’&()"$*)+)"$()%*&’+,,-+./()001-2!"#$%&’( 34567#58&$9%(,+")$-+")$(:4;$&$#9!$&88<4=’&>#$&%(?&8!@$#$&!#(A#4%<!B(3@$C#B&;!#$%456<4=(

D<&4%"&4E5@4!&<4%

KY%,+")$-+")$&lY{U"S([>?uD?I5rsWA]5FF%IA@NL?u(#|ee|q+|5%!t|fqQ!t|q}q!|ghQ!t|<R!:O;~W9(KY5KL=N|2<+?u:uck~PR(JK5S+Y6NWUZKYJKAcP2Y)00/fW(:VO;|q}q!|q+|NI~5iADUZ|}j"|Sf"|Js$":?s$"%‘+}tB|&P)72W[>JK^t45KY5a@72(#P@|ka|wl0*%[@&|m@|7z|na|ch%AGH?@&|o@|k"Vp~%kG~()00()ft~()00(&W?$e*|>2-v(!#.*P(IgO!]|F*0R$(\y9_cS"kKL72%JKKY5k"?F&:bz9g72W)00(fF0-F)>(D3[-v5%+3(P2dgb!Aru7:lVO!W

‘Bb!_ArsZI9!"_cuu:|mJK*@6E["%qA (F..,)I#44#JJ##!&J2(

)00))3<JC#<$&#!&J2()00/)K&%@9&()00*&WPrKm F0 f D N $ r%.$+#/01$&+"$&|r%.$+#/01$#)(1)2&|Y%.$+#/01$3$14-2&:NF_%!)’-1&3&4$50’$+&’0-"$&~5JK>X(?kZ1/]5mQ%L&$&4!"(F..()?&$M54##!&J2()00F)N&JJ&’##!&J2()00/)HOJ&4&493"&$>&(

)00/)D A I ~()00/()00*)E&;;#<#!&J2(

)00*)3<JC#$#!&J2()00*)7o:()00*)s##~()00(&WoKBZKYo)Snc+572F$@(+(D$"S!b)5PQR(NBdgV=@)<LW;O!({K/|@JK5h,W

) 72BV>WJKBR7DUZ$"‘+}tbp,-|m

’5+GPvBWB#t0(Jk,0P/(Q-,FP00Q(SM*)P00Q-*)PF0QW$"b2t‘+}t<++*/(>W3B|"5VR()*<+*000>n35"Bz410R()?1000>n352t@

F(u(1,00>n352t(uW1?@a/M#

(0.P(f4jL)00-*00>>%?If#gH"f#-v{(F.,(&W

S|-vEvudgb!Ar*,k(lYNIT?&>D$&SS#$m)Tl(j-(T&4=#$/(>>

%EA3K+6?ITUJB>8@%DT:V(0(1@5

F/(b!Ar&W[>45Qs?’X3b!ZHz#_Ar|7!mdgG‘@):$l%*8

HHw$l|1Wx$l&WT&4=#$’nb!lV<w<f*F0-F(>MXn^ht3B!5"&WNB:3U*005yjngW

z@/1kAr?ru7D+GP6vNho

(%enmv?%FF&(E+:6+)(XF0S>)

st^(<+)/00-/000>W(LlV2KY[\hX(b!Ar~eZ_]DPe5c*#3(2YBX/0-(0’>(VKYX2OmW+6KY5vk:{!o‘(,,"r|"s|0,|!.R|)!m:N8~mu7Ar(_Ar/}a@R/-(>W<w^sS3K(n;7;q53z)OtIAr|=>lV’[:v6G‘%W;O!W

D#7<z>{/b!Ar57)(45<z|N<:lVz|~W9>XY*\YV3=p]UK6|aZAr5W-|x$lW-|<w>sou,3[|qr:a@/j~WDFZ(00005BPF30ab!Ar5?uWBDu,_Ary2a@N<|ngW-:ArW-~V>,r\yVIPy?(n7N:arW

b!ArDPy3’*\\|Wz5N<W3b!Ar@v$|hu:)*"SuwxO!/S7)(\|Wz5yzz|@)0%|.0%|/><4|

(><4|)(><4|*(><4~1S,,W+6UZ$"5qrPQ:KY5{!o‘%kG~()00()

E’?&$!"B#!&J2()00(&(3;_]()*"%xO!(lVz|()0%3.0%(}W\|F-)n.2/|ng:$l(oy*\:sNW{/Oqng(BW-IzW

62%&5>W;pKjBA\hX|sU5_y_cY6%#35|&j|cj~&W32lV5yz|BR%FZ(0000?uBF&|lVv3e.tvf%?&8!@$#$&!#&|eK:a@72f%3<=4%@$C#B&;!#$%456<4=&:k"?F.7~5r2,r(b:?]%&o)KL(XA[G+H1aKY5b1c+-%A(b1c+)G(%&K)H72Xm&W

.,+*< k G~’PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL

F! UZ‘+}tB|KY-vBF%+6UZu{{"##$fUZBF)<+’%&!’jNQ?)"’P;|Q)#’WQDv)$’|QDv)%’5vr^DW

&’()! *+,-./0,1%2345-6478,432/9’6*4%./:/,2%:;;4/9’6(<4<+,=2345>’6?’26()@8,02<’46’%,<,/&!’&’()*+,-./’0"’1.)2)/’*0#’1,3*4)-./’0$’!*4)+,-./’0%’5,6.)7’/)4)0

" 3 [S|Ig-vb899:f;9>;<N7;8>8=

N(]|IgO!|=;>WE|u7?@k_Ar%)R;8k@20&(z89AB%_AN%5(.C>.2+3(D(.CE)6FD+&(|:98:@FWQ/=;%ng(==AV_y%45u,&We;lV2=SI9!"Wz@88kb!ArD;@%BRlV2KY_yz

?8V%5;&Wk/VKY_yK;9>8:NlV5(b:/VK;8>8?NlVW;;>8?NDWQDvlV28]KYD/@5_y%F8R&W\y-v{RDP;|QBB~m{d<s8]KYWGp(D5vr^D>@lV2KY(oa@7256(7N@8]Ya>Ymv?W9g72~5ES^@=YvudY{!Wr2?@(D$"+GPv8:9*G8st^z@:H<]KY{!%58&(b1c+(8I9H?I8]+;99*G8W;K9D($"‘+}tB|zB999*G8st^?u@KY<9H;?9]WKI^KYSnY61?5|]W

-v<z(b!Ar9lV2)yI9!"_y|88V(#IJ%!"##$%&’((;V&|S"k%)(*%(+,-.(?V&|l#%/-*"#$(*-0#+#(?V&|!y%12-$3&%+#$4"5(%(: V&|bc%6"2*-#7"2*-#(AV&~WlV}G|"k|~~A!=8

5! $"+GPvb!ArlVKY{|%"##A&

*2B8,! C2<246-6478,432/93+4<4%DE&’6=.F2<G288,15/4%H;<4B,/(I40,%B,/269C,;,%B,/"##A

u7BR

&)D’

lV2KY

ArK%k&

J,G7’(+3K

L.G’(.DF.D

D33*&M

C)LD,(’+

@KY

ngK

J,G7’(+3K

K)/G(3//DF.D

D33*&M

C)LD,(’+

KY_yKL%V&

J,G7’(3K&MC)LD,(’

;9>

NLD0

;;>

J3O0

;8>

$’L0

2|

53D./

jNQ?

&’()*+,-./’? ? 9 8 ; ?

P;|Q

1.)2)/’*;9 ;8 8 = @ ;:

WQDv

1,3*4)-./’: < ; = 8 ;9

|QDv

!*4)+,-./’B B 9 ? ; B

5vr^D

5,6.)7’/)4)9 9 9 9 9 9

2|53D./ 88L.G’(.+ 8=(3//+ ? ;A ;9 ?8

VW9{|72!#89P(]|!#l2ABP(lE+l@=AA9GWd17!:ch!l|?;%WVK\yuvS"kc(;<>%JKKY5k"?F&(2|z==I?F({|2S"k8@B](z89n(\n;?I8](Snc+(;9:I@]+;99*G8W

9A= ! " # $ :8g

5! $"+GPv[\BRKYlVvo%&K

"#$%&! ’()*)+#,*-.&.#*&#/0/-1$&.)23/03430-#%5+)1,#.35)/$&*6&&/53*&53/7-8#*9#%%&:

BR

!"#$

_AN

%$&

!"#$%&’()*

_yK

%V&

+#$),"-*

lVv

%.&!

+#$),"-"#)-

%&K%]&

/0102

&%3&4&3,#5*

jNQ?

6-"&7*,8#5-9:; 9 ;<=> ?

P;|Q

@#&A&5-7=B> ?B ?<>: ?CD

WQDv

@,07E&8#5-9>F ?; D<B9 D

|QDv

G7E&*,8#5-HB9 H ;<:: ?

5vr^D

!,’#&I-5&E&?;F ; ; %"D&!!

2|!0)#5 D;>H 9D ?<B9 BC:

! lVv%.&J_yK+_A$KK?;;W

!!+6EBc=*\|K:a@72:9g{|~W

!+#$),"-"#)-J+#$),"-+)"#$%&’()*K?;;1

!!GLL0"3&%’)0M-)(0302*&’%*,"4-A#2)-"*%0N&%’(E,-*)&0%%#&"-#%3

N&)%-**1

; " @9(KYK2""S(h5h((Q"Duz

{!(KLN)=N([tu78h"(72@(:;6S%6L(#55-"-)#51(?>::)6L(#55-"(?>>:)

O#550%(?>>F)OL+#")(A-)#51(D;;B&W/TJKKY5iA(H‘(>@DIg<2sKYWn58>PBNL5b!Aru*\!"5S/||m:?u%45qrB,,&(oKiS3sNXm:/]KLAru712*@{|#Y-5?@(nl2%&6r|KL5|:Snku5c5W&|JKK/|@JK5h,W3sZ9DVKY_y5?@(56eb!_AsfK$1c2YZSS*@6#%&PU5{U!"_cKL725()JKe&:rs277nBOPW

KYK/S:;r85!"WD@#n:#b{!5|]e3<vf%+#$),"-"#)-&6#41WKY@DTP\5c(hy>77D_][#{!~hy>z|~Eyza"h{!\]@~Nht#K/9:g’<‘a@:_y?12iiK#WDWQDv(@/V\ylV2D]KY5_y%FDR&WDjNQ?(_Are./f2KY$w0*%[@&5!!WKY{!stl9C?;

F! NBb!ArD+GPvlV5KY_y+6KY$%s:Mhs5F#(3F:?F(\/

]KY(RF(fgN]W

<3=>! ?@#1,%&5)23/03430-#%30&/*323+#*3)/)/5/)6%&),#.0-53/=+#1&.#A*.#,,()*)5)2.3/=&0A

,#**&./5GLL0"3&%’)0)(-*$0)$#))-"%0%)(-I,))0L7*#%325#%7*

#%3N#&*)*()(-)0$#%3)(-M&335-N#**#M-#%&M#5()(-

I0))0MN#*0)(-"*1

7M+3Wy>3;[K7D8[&/(OKqi/|]{!(9CHnV//|W?@_y@d(

>=. 5_yKDuzlV(&6KYuck5PR(D’M~K#KW

AZY 6L(#55-"-)#5<%?>::&: 6L(#55-"%?>>:&55|(DUZ5m5B|(c<KY5SnKL9Y6!](R45+512Lii(eWDBHVI9!"_y?(KY_y5KL~YZ)yI9!"KLl:(89Vs+R#:)’@ZW3;D’M#ng>*a"g(Omf+!#,KIEs_(7N@F-#b:K.]GkzDL"v?%D1s?DFV!"_y?@B=.5_yKA!&WS!)yI9!"0;O;0WKYpjn>5I9k"%+(npFs/=#

?>=H< k G~’PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL

n(V#b0z5Sm{C0-PWZABS"kKL572(Snc+(!"#$%]+!""&’((;_KLZmY-(\!q5LKYk"?F50jW

S|Vb+GPv5)(VKY_y9Ki@<5(’?25@’eV.vf%*+,-./012+2.0+&Y61(3’BY%&6r5|Y6@)$H5|dh/h5_yz4Q?0/(h,_c{|#*D@/]6SW?@5((lVvV%&KL0z5AZkK["O15W^YD’2!&KL|P5yx(n!"3(dU(_ce.tfVeV.f{|(jB45667,8+9+20oV.-j5DSnc+oKL%:.2.;0<(!==#)>.??+@+0.6A((""B)

8@6C+2+0.6A((""B&W9K(-L?@_y(9n28C)yuv>W:?@_cb1c+:KL55D(#c=*\|a@?@|k".7|9g72o!#{|~W’M725pRKtuh"a@(PrKeK:72WfK_c=@5uck!"KL725@’>W0/W

DKL72>X(9>@/S7+3>WKZxZN5WD.’E2.&&+2ArZSlV5!">@,,k(./ZGN2IJ(M2!yW@yZq}l!|Rj3RK{@_‘W>sk{3Y)yTl%#E2.@6>.F0+2ArjBeht%fVeOQ%fN%@)?P5G‘m{(>skJ(ZlV!"5NM32+{@,,&Wfg(3

D.’E2.&&+27+D‘B3{#D/T9:W#2"435wx%#1F|Nq|OK|5O&(bV=>Lb!Ar5W;O!(B[KS6e1$xf7+W_I!(>(DG!#H2G("HPQR(w$l5NBee]K;FR5Q?0/WG‘%5!^+{41L(@ylV5K}GX3i]@{s%#KYw5&WD7c5uz(z@/f5_Ar[<W;O!W

tS GSew:WCs=>5R)8R:dU’Ga y|+ n 6|" 8 i|5 } v|E5’.F>-D.20<7|I+52J+KA8-<.66+2|:76+ >-D.20<7|

E597L<++6+2|*oj||uVK=|VZ9|*:|\;)|F2|vN:|7’J|IbD|8R|2<8|Y=|]OD|YLG|v}‘|Qp+|5i>]|\w~(noUZy0{|UZI9!",-?7||Q?B|y0{|$"‘+}t,-|B#{%$"y<&|UZ_8:ramC{|UZyfg|?If#g%DM8&|UZ

9TVB#S|IAKY%B7%N8OE&|UZ,Q%B7%PDQ&~W

J-XX%!"#"$"%&"’&

MR6.;>4(8<.2’.8:(("")AD.’+2.02.//@;J0<+N;35-<@;+F+0@J+2@;.F+-5;3.27?52+F0@;S+;@;F16.2>[email protected]*.??6+FK166+0@;5?T5565J7#!%(&’B(!GB(UA

D.295;+D(D<2@F0@+8(D5;?520@:(D516F5;E(Q2.;&6@;V(I@;F9+2J4*(I2@??@0<F>(W563+;4((""!AE<+1F+5?/<505J2./<@-2.0+F05+F0@’.0+3+;F@075?0@J+2.;350<+2-27/0@-’.’’.6FAM;@’.6D5;F+2C.0@5;B’U#GU=A

D<@;+F+M-.3+’75?8-@+;-+F(!=X#AE<+9@565J7?25’E5’12.2+.F@;E@.;F<.;AY21’Z@’P@;[@.;JS+5/6+*FS2+FF(!G#(A

W1.;J\P(W1]Q(O@1L8(4+??>1;0@?+2@;J(("")AQ@+63F12C+75;8510<D<@;.0@J+2F.;30<+@2<[email protected]+C.61.0@5;@; \@<1.;JS25C@;[email protected]*+F+2C+@;4@.;J@S25C@;-+A4512;.65?K+@[@;JQ52+F027Y;@C+2F@07(#%B&’#BG#X%N;D<@;+F+&A

W1.;J\P(W1]Q(E.;JPS(L.;JTD(O@1L8((""BAQ@+63F12C+75?F510<D<@;.0@J+2F.;30<+@2<[email protected]+C.61.0@5;@;W1/@;JF<.;V.0@5;.6*+F+2C+A4512;.65?T<+[@.;JQ52+F027D566+J+(!%(&’!X"G!XB%N;D<@;+F+&A

4+;;+66+D8(*1;J+ >D( >.-:+;R@+ ]N((""(AE<+ 1F+ 5?/<505J2./<@-2.0+F05+F0@’.0+3+;F@0@+F5?0@J+2F.;350<+2-27/0@-’.’’.6F’. -5’’+;0 5; ’@F6+.3@;J -5;-61F@5;FA M;@’.6D5;F+2C.0@5;#’!!=G!("A

:.2.;0<:Y(!==#A_F0@’.0@;J0@J+2!"#$%&’"$()’(*/5/16.0@5;?25’-.’+2.,02./ 3.0. 1F@;J -./012+,2+-./012+ ’53+6FA K@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;U!’)))G))XA

:.2.;0<:Y(V@-<56F4](!==XA_F0@’.0@5;5?0@J+23+;F@0@+F@;N;[email protected]@;J/<505J2./<@--./012+F.;32+-./012+FA_-565J7U=’(X#(G(X%(A

O@TP((""BA8@9+2@.;0@J+22+.//+.2F@;W1@-<1;AD<@;+F+L@636@?+(#%(&’)B%N;D<@;+F+&A

O1PO(4@.;JTI(E.;J4*(L.;JP4(P@.;J]‘(T<.;J4S((""#AM105,02@JJ+2-.’+2.02./F?52F0137@;JJ@.;0/.;3..;3@0FF7’/.02@-a@636@?+F/+-@[email protected]@;@-.#!%)&’B=#G#""%N;D<@;+F+&A

>.>(>1;&<0F5JK(P1Q(>.23.;E(\@;84(L+@8]((""#A>.2&@;JF.F@;[email protected]?F;5a6+5/.23@;?@+63F12C+7(@;P@;[@.;JAD<@;+F+4512;.65?T5565J7B"%B&’)BG)=A

>.??+@O(D1+66.2_(V5FFM((""BAb;+0<51F.;3[.J1.2F!"#$%&’"+#,"@;K56@C@.*FD<.-5hD.’+2.02.//@;J@;0<+:..,N7.V.0@5;.6S.2&A4512;.6T5565J7%O5;35;&(%(’(=#G)"BA

>.665;](!==%A80.01F.;3-5;F+2C.0@5;5?6.2J+’.’’.6F@;O.3.&<AK@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;#%’!"!G!!=A

>-D.20<7E(Q166+2E(>1;&<0F5JK((""#A>5C+’+;0F.;3.-0@C@0@+F5? 8;5a O+5/.23 @; F510<a+F0+2; >5;[email protected] K@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;!(B’#(UG#)UA

S+@:(!==XAM;+C.61.0@5;5?1F@;J.105,02@JJ+2-.’+2.F052+-523.-0@C@07/.00+2;F5?a@63.;@’.6FAE.@a.;Q52+F0278-@+;-+!)%B&’)!UG)(BA

8-<.66+2I(W5;JO(E.6@/1*(*+;4(‘@1>(!=XXAE<+F;5a6+5/.23@;P@;[@.;J(D<@;.Ab27 ((%B&’!=UG("BA

8-<.66+2I(!==XAL@636@?+5?0<+E@9+0.;80+//+AD<@-.J5’Y;@C+2F@075?D<@-.J5S2+FF(!U#G!XXA

8@[email protected](4.-5’5MEM(]@;@R,Q@6<5Q(("")AD.’+2.02./(6@;+02.;F+-0-+;F1F.;302.-&F12C+7F’.-5’/.2.0@C++C.61.0@5;AK@[email protected];F+2C.0@5;!!B’)#!G)##A

8@6C+28D(bF025O_E(>.2F<O:(>.??+@O(V5FFM4((""BAE<+1F+5?-.’+2.02./F?52+F0@’.0@;J[.J1.2!"#$%&’"+#,".91;3.;-+.;33+;F@071F@;J-./012+,2+-./012+.;.67F@FAb27 )X%(&’!GUA

L.66.-+*K(I5’+RW(M7.6.I(_F/@;5R.Q(("")AD.’+2.02.//@;J?52[.J1.2!"#$%&’"+#,"@;0<+E1@-<@c.66+7(K56@[email protected]+5025/A>.’’.6!"%!&’!))G!)=A

P1Q(>.>(\@;84(>.23.;((""#A8;5a6+5/.23F12C+7@;E1’52V.012+*+F+2C+(P@;[@.;JA8@-<1.;4512;.65?T5565J7(B%B&’%"XG%!"A

(=U ! " # $ #(g

!"#$%"&(’(()*&+,-.+/-,0%-12/#-.3",%"4$,%",52+67"77"8#9-.:5"72/"./";#’"5"#2#.$%3+,&+$,.<#$=$4"(52,./"8>";",*&"77"8?.$%3’@’ABC)D*

DAI(\D@(".!(>266&$,.-62/-,0(’((A*}Dbp,-

|ZKrI9Sn72oqrB]Y*STy0N##$’E%)&’E)CEF*

DAI(\D@(9M)(JoA(".!(’(()*B^"bp,

-|ZKrIg72oqrB]Y*hiy#g#$’G%’&’

GF(CGF)*7o:(’(()*Cpa"JSr*I9!"’E%’&’A)*s##(*oj(9)h(J#‘(s]D(V^)(’((E*b!

G‘_Am{DNF_no\]?u5I9!"JK?5‘

B*!"#$EG%A&’)@ECE((*k G(H&$,=:.#+0(f t(v}‘(EFG(]OD(’((E*

UZKY72?5a@?@*!"#0o)(%)&’A)CA@*qA (G@@F*PBb!_A7+*\I9!"{!-m0]5*

kly0f#GA%)&’AGBCA’)*f t(k G(EFG(v}‘(’((E*UZ‘+}tbp,-

|KY72i$*i#!"’)%)&’D(FCDG(*?If#gH"f#-v{(G@FE*$"‘+}tB|59"*_

H+h’UZ8bat6(GCE’*

A@B)< k G~’PBb!_Ast1$"KYlVvV%&KL