Ipdn¸v
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä GXmv ka-{K-am-bn-
¯s¶ Cu ]T-\-¯n DÄs¡m-Ån-¨n-«p-s-¶mWv {]Xym-in-¡p-¶-Xv. hnZym-`ym-k-w,
[\w, Btcm-Kyw, kmaq-ly-\o-Xn, ]©m-b-¯v, \K-c-Im-cyw, {Kma-hn-I-k-\w, Irjn,
sXmgnÂ, hyh-kmbw XpS-§n-b hIp-¸p-IÄ kwbp-à-ambn Gsä-Sp¯v \S-¸m-t¡
D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-§-fmWv Cu ]T-\-t¯m-sSm- -apÅ ip]mÀi-I-fn-ep-Å-Xv. CXv \S-¸m-¡p-
¶-Xn\v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-bv¡p-¶-h-cpsS Akm-[m-c-W-Po-
hnX kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn¨v _Ô-s¸« hIp¸p a{´n-amsc DÄs¸-Sp¯n Hcp apJy-
a{´nXe kaXn (Chief Minister’s Committee), tIc-f-¯n hnhn[ hIp-¸p-IÄ,
ip]mÀi-IÄ \S-¸m-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw \nco-£-W-¯n-\p-ambn cq]o-
I-cn-bv¡-W-sa¶ ip]mÀi {]tXyIw kqNn-¸n-bv¡m-\m-{K-ln-¡p-¶p.
am\h kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS \oXn-_-²-amb al-Xzs¯ IqSp-XÂ Pzen-¸n-bv¡p-¶-
Xn\v Cu ]T\w Fs -¦nepw klmbw \evIp-¶p-sh-¦n R§Ä [\y-cm-bn.
Xncp-h-\- -]-cpw, Fw.-sI. Pb-cmPv27-þ02-þ2013. (GImwK I-½o-j³)
taÂhn-emkw þ {]n³kn-¸mÄ,kn.- F-¨v.- ap-l-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌävþC³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne©vUv,]m§-¸md ]n.-H., Xncp-h-\- -]pcw.
1
hnj-b-hn-hcw
A²ymbw hnjbw t]Pv \¼À
A²ymbw 1
A²ymbw 2
A²ymbw 3
A²ymbw 4
A²ymbw 5
A²ymbw 6
A²ymbw 7
A²ymbw 8
A²ymbw 9
A²ymbw 10
A²ymbw 11
A²ymbw 12
A²ymbw 13
A²ymbw 14
kÀ¡mÀ D¯-chv
Ipdn¸v
BapJw
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ-þ-A-Sn-Øm\ hnh-c-§Ä (Basic Information)
t\cs¯ Is- Â (Early Identification)
t\c-s¯-bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention)
hnZym-`ymkw (Education)
a\p-jy-hn- -h-tijn hnI-k\w (Human Resource Development)
sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w (Vocational Training)
sXmgn (Employment)
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI{µw (State Level Apex Centre on Intellectual Challenges)
kmaq-ly kp-c£ (Social Security)
]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw (Rehabilitation Village)
\mj-W C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v Fwt¹m-bvsaâv Bâv s{Sbn-\nwKv(National Institute of Employment & Training)
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[n-X-ta-J-e-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw (Endosulphan Affected Area and Intellectually Challenged)
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmkwþB-[p-\nI temIm-\p- -h-§fpw C´y³ Ah-Ø-bpw. (Rehabilitation of Persons with Intellectual Challenges-Modern Global Experiences and Indian Context)
Fw.-sI.-P-b-cmPv GImw-K-I-½o-j³ ip]mÀi-IÄ (M.K.Jayaraj Commissions Recommendations)
A\p-_Ôw
t^mt«m, ]{X-hmÀ¯-IÄ
11
28
34
42
88
95
100
109
120
130
143
147
152
157
179
2
Bap-Jw.tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v ka{K ]
T\w \S¯n Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n-¡m³ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ G¸n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ GImwK
I½o-j-s\¶ Cu kp{]-[m\ \ntbm-Kw, Akp-e- -amb Hcp _lp-a-Xn-bn-ep-]cn Gsd
D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-apÅ ZuXy-am-Wv. cv ]Xn-äm-n-e-[n-I-ambn _p²n-]-chpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb ]
cn-an-Xn-IÄ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§-fn CS-s]«v {]hÀ¯n-
¡p-hm³Ignª Hcp hyàn F¶ \ne-bn Cu Ah-kcw XoÀ -bmbpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb
Hcp \ntbm-K-ambn IcpXp-¶p. hfsc hn]p-e-amb {]iv\-§Ä \ne-\n¡p¶, s]mXp-
P\{i² Gsd-sbm¶pw e`y-am-bn-«n-Ãm¯ hen-sbmcp taJ-e, kmaq-ly-ambn A[n-I-
sam¶pw CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dm-Im¯ Hcp cwKw, ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p¶ P\-hn-`mKw
F¶n§s\ ]d-ªm t]mepw, Cu taJ-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s -«-hÀ A\p- -hn-¡p¶
PohnX A\n-Ýn-X-¯zhpw Xo£vWm-\p- -h-§-fpw- H¶pw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m-\m-hm-¯{X ZpÀ{K-
l-X..... kzmh-t_m-[-t¯msS Bh-iy-§Ä D¶-bn-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ \nkz-cmb Hcp P\-
hn-`m-K-¯n\v kmaq-ly-ambn \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« \oXn Dd-¸p-\ÂIp-hm-\pÅ DZy-aw... Pm{K-
Xbpw kq£va-Xbpw Gtd Bh-iy-ap-Å, Btcm-Kyþ hnZym-`ym-kþ kmaq-lyþ km¼-¯n-
Iþ kmwkvIm-cn-Iþ cmjv{Sob {]iv\-§Ä DÅ-S-§nb am\-hn-I-X-bpsS sshIm-cnI
kwLÀj-§Ä sI«p-]n-W-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ taJ-e.... ]T\w \S¯n dnt¸mÀ«v \evIp-hm³
apXn-cp-t¼mÄ, hnj-b-§-fpsS ssh]p-eyw, Kuc-hw, am\-hn-IX-tbmSv ]peÀt¯
IcpXÂ, D -c-hm-Zn-Xzw, BÀÖ-hw.... FÃmw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ. Bcp-sam¶v
kvX_v[-cmhpw! tIc-f-¯n At§m-f-an-t§mfw bm{X-sN-bvXv, 14 PnÃ-I-fnÂ\n-¶mbn
ap -Xn-\m-bn-c-t¯mfw t]sc t\cn-«p-I-v, Ggm-bn-c-t¯mfw tcJ-IÄ kzoI-cn¨v kaq-ly þ
cmjv{Sob þ kmwkvIm-cnI t\Xm-¡-fpsSbpw P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sSbpw Cu taJ-bnÂ
{]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ A\p- -h-Ø-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-§fpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw Biw-k-Ifpw
A\p-{K-l-§fpsams¡ kzoIn-cn-¨v, Cu dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, BZyw
A\p- -h-s¸« BÝcyw `bs¸-Sp-¯p¶ Hcp sR«-embn amdp¶p! ImkÀtKmUv
apX Xncp-h-\- -]pcw hsc-bpÅ {]tZ-i-§-fn h¨v \S-¯nb P\-Iob knänwKp-IÄ
t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯nb hkvXpX, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ DÄs¸-Sp¶
IpSpw-_-§Ä s]mXp Pohn-X-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn \n¶pw ]qÀ®-ambpw A\y-h¡-cn-
3
¡-s¸-«v, ]nSn¨p \n¡m-\m-hm¯ hn[w \nÊlm-bX A\p- -hn-¨p-h-cp¶p F¶Xm-Wv.
tIcfw t]mse, B[p-\nIh¡-cn-¡-s¸« Hcp kaq-l-¯nÂ, \nXm- -amb \ncmh--ew-_-
X A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Hcp P\-Xsb ]cn-K-Wn-¡p¶hn[w \-½psS kmaq-ln-Im-h-t_m[w
C\nbpw hnI-kz-c-am-bn-«n-sÃ-¶Xv AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯pw. Hcp P\-X, C{X-tbsd {]iv\k-
¦oÀ®-amb kml-N-cy-¯n kz´w Pohn-X-¯nsâ ap¼n ]I-¨p-\n¡p-t¼mÄ {Iqc-
amb Hcp \nÊw-K-X-tbm-sS, Gsd ]cn-jvIr-X-sa-¶-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp P\-X-bm-bn«pw
tIc-f- n-s\-§s\ kzmØy-a-\p- -hn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶p? tIc-f-¯nsâ \thm°m\
kwkvIrXn temI-¯nsâ kPoh {i² ]nSn-¨p-]-äm-\p-X-Ip¶ Ht«sd t\«-§Ä
\ap¡v ]IÀ¶p X¶psh¦n-epw, AXn-\n-S-bn-se-hn-sS-tbm, AÔ-Imc PSn-e-amb Xtam-X-
e-§-fnÂ, \½psS kl-Po-hn-IÄ ssIIm-en-«-Sn-¡p-¶-Xv, \mw ImWm-sX-t]m-bn. \nkz-
cmb Hcp P\-X-bpsS lrZ-b-t -Z-I-amb tcmZ\w ImWm-sXbpw tIÄ¡m-sXbpw F{X-
Xs¶ apt¶m«v t]mbn F¶-h-Im-i-s¸-«m-epw, AsXmcp ]ptcm-K-a\a-Ã. Bh-iym-h-Im-
i-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-hm-§m³ IgnhnÃm-¯, hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-Kw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-
fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, \½psS hnI-k\ {]N-WvU-{]-tLm-j-§-fpsS \ng-ep-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ,
Ccp-«n F§s\ AI-s¸«p, F¶v \b-cq-]o-I-c-W-IÀ¯m-¡Ä C\n-sb-¦nepw DWÀ¶v
Nn -n¡-Ww. Ah-K-W-\-bpsS Ae-I-S-enÂ, \nkz-cmb Hcp P\-X-sb, Dt]-£n¨v
apt¶m-«v F¶v ]d-b-s -Sp¶ Hmtcm ImÂshbv¸pw AÀ°-c-ln-X-am-sW-¶v, A -Êmc
iq\y-am-sW-¶v, C\n-sb-¦nepw Ipä-t_m-[-t¯m-sS, ]Ým-¯m-]-t¯msS \ap¡v k½-Xn-
¡-Ww.
]hn-{Xhpw ]mh-\-hp-amb Hcp [À½-amWv Cu dnt¸mÀ«v tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯nÂ
\nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. {]mÀ°-\-tbmsS \nÀÆ-ln-t¡ Hcp bÚw. Hcm-bncw {]Xo-£-IÄ
Bcn-sem-s¡tbm Pzen-¨p-\n-ev¡p-¶p-sh-¶-dn-bp-t¼mÄ, Ah-cpsS {]Xo-£-I-tfmSv
\oXn ]peÀ¯m-\m-bn-sÃ-¦ntem F¶ Bi-¦, DXvI-WvT, Aim´n..... �ss[cy-ambn
apt¶m-«p-t]m-Iq.�.... F¶v Ft¸mgpw t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶, {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp hnkvab
km¶n-[y-ap-v. Ae-km-h-Ø-Isf Bthiw ]IÀ¶v apt¶m«v \bn-¡p¶ kPoh
km¶n[yw.. Cu GImwK I½o-j-s\¶ Bi-b-s¯, bmYmÀ°-y h¡-cn-¨, k^-eo-I-
cn¨ hyàn-Xzw. kwip-²-amb s]mXp-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ Hu¶y-Xy-¯n\v Ae-¦m-c-ambn
hÀ¯n-¡p¶ amXr-Im-t\-Xr-Xzw. {io. hn. Fw. kp[o-c-sâ ]n´p-Wbpw At±lw ]
4
peÀ¯nb hnj-b-t¯m-SpÅ kXyk-Ô-amb B`n-ap-Jyhpw e£yw ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-
hscbpÅ Pm{K-X-tbm-sS-bpÅ A\p-[m-h-\hpw Gsd klm-b-I-c-am-bn. At±-l-
¯nsâ kPoh CS-s]-S CÃm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n C§s\ H¶pw kw -hn-¡n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.
Cu I½o-jsâ ZuXyw k -e-am-Ip-t¼mÄ, tIcf Pohn-X-¯nsâ Hmc-§-fnÂ, Pohn-Xs¯
Hcp Zpc-´-ambn XÅn-\o-¡p¶ \nkz-cmb Hcp P\-X, IrX-Ú-Xm-\nÀ -c-amb
{]mÀ°-\-tbmsS HmÀ¡p¶ Hcp \ma-t[-b-amhpw {io. hn.-Fw. kp[o-c³.
{io. hn.-Fw. kp[o-c³ ]s¦-Sp¯, kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-tä-gvknsâ Hcp tbmK-
¯nÂsh¨v Bhn-jvIr-X-amb Hcp Xncn shfn- -am-bn-cp-¶p, GImwK I½o-js\ \nb-an¨v
Cu taJe A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä¡v Xma-kw-hn\m ]cn-lm-c-ap-m-¡-W-sa¶
Bi-bw. _lp-am-\s¸« apJy-a{´n {io. D½³Nm-n-bp-sSbpw hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v a{´n
{io. ]n.sI A_v±p-d-ºn-sâbpw kPoh {i²-bnÂ, hnjbw At±lw Hcp I¯n-eqsS
F¯n-¡p-I-bpw, AtX -Xp-SÀ¶v GImwK I½o-js\ kÀ¡mÀ Hcp D -c-hn-eqsS \nb-an-
¡p-I-bp-amWv Dm-b-Xv. C{]-Imcw I½o-js\ \nb-an-¡m³ X¿m-dmb _lp. apJy-a-{´n-
tbmSpw _lp hnZym-`ymk a{´n-tbmSpw AXn-bmb \µn tcJ-s -Sp-¯p-¶p.
tIc-f- nse 14 PnÃ-I-fn-sebpw {]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v F¯n-t -cm-hp¶ Xc-
¯n 10 PnÃm tI{µ-§-fn-em-bn, hn]p-e-amb kwhn-[m-\-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv, I½o-j³
knänwKp-I-tfm-tcm¶pw \S-¯n-b-Xv. ]T-\-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bn³ hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hn`m-K-§-fm-b,. -_p-²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,
_lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶o {]iv\-§-fmWv I½o-
j³ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn- -Xv. Cu hn`m-K-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\-§-fnÂ, t\c-s -
bpŠXncn- -dn-b (Early Diagnosis), t\c-s -bpŠCS-s]-S (Early Intervention), khn-
tij hnZym-`ymkw (Special Education), sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w (Vocational Training), sXmgnÂ
(Employment), kmaq-ly-þIp-Spw_ PohnXw F¶nh khn-ti-j-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¨m-Wv,
ip]mÀi-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xv.
Pohn-X-¯n FÃm Xpd-bnepws]«-hÀ kÀÆm-ß\m I½o-j³ {]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ
{Inbm-ß-I-ambn kl-I-cn-¨p. a{´n-amÀ, Fw. ]n. amÀ, Fw. FÂ. F. amÀ, tImÀ]-td-
j³-þ-ap³kn-¸Âþ {XnXe ]©m-b¯v Øm]-\-§-fnse A²y-£-·mÀ, sa¼ÀamÀ, kmaq-
ln-I-þ-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-þ-aX \mb-IÀ XpS§n FÃm-hcpw Bth-i-]qÀÆw ]s¦-Sp-¯p.
5
tIc-f- nse F«v e£-¯n-e-[nIw hcp¶ IpSpw-_-§sf \oän-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶, ASn-b-´nc
{]m[m\yw AÀln-¡p¶ PohnX {]iv\w, tIc-f-¯nse P\-kw-Jy-bn Ac-t¡m-Sn-sb-
¦nepw hcp¶ P\-hn-`m-K- nsâ {]iv\w, ]cn-lm-c-§-sfm¶pw \nÀt±-in-¡m-\n-ÃmsX A
´n¨p \nev¡p-I-bm-Wv, kaq-lw. kmaq-ly-{i² e`y-am-Im-sX, cmjv{Sob `c-W-IqS hn`m-
K-§-fpsS ap³K-W-\m-hn-j-b-a-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ {]iv\-s¯ Gsä-Sp-¡m³ k¶-²-am-sW¶ Hcp
sFIy-ZmÀVyw, Cu {]iv\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-h-tcm-Sv, c£n-Xm-¡-tfm-Sv, Cu taJ-e-
bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡m-tcm-Sv, {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶-t]m-se-bmbn tIc-f-¯nse 10
tI{µ-§-fn \S¶ knänwKp-IÄ. BZy-am-bn, s]mXp kaq-ls¯ apgp-h³ sXm«p-X-gp-
Ip-¶-hn[w Hcp Ne-\m-ß-IX krjvSn-¡p-hm³ knänwKp-IÄ¡v Ign-ªp F¶mWv Fsâ
hnizm-kw.
tIc-f- nÂ, _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ {]iv\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ap¼v h¶ cv {][m-\-
s¸« tcJ-I-fm-Wv, ap³ Fw.-FÂ.-F. {ioaXn sI.-sI. ssieP So¨À sNbÀt]-
gvk-\mb \nb-k-`m-I-½än dnt¸mÀ«pw ap³ F.Un.]n.-sF. {ioaXn sP. _o\ sNbÀt]-
gvk-\mb hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ I½-än- dnt¸mÀ«pw. cv I½-än-Ifpw hnes¸« ip]mÀi-
Ifpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw kÀ¡m-cn\v ap¼v \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p.
kÀ¡m-cn\v kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ Cu dnt¸mÀ«v ka-{KXtbmSpw ZoÀL-Zr-jvSn-tbm-Spw
IqSn X¿m-dm-¡-W-sa¶v CXp-ambn _Ô-s -«-hÀs¡Ãmw B{K-l-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\m-
bn, temI-¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK-§-fn CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« GsX-¦nepw A\p-I-c-Wob
amXr-I-IÄ Dtm F¶v At\z-jn-¡p-I-bp-mbn. AtXm-sSm¸w cmPy-¯v, aäv kwØm-\-§-
fnse ØnXnbpw ]cn-tim-[n-¨p. cmPy¯v Cu taJ-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« FÃm hnZKv²-
cp-ambpw _Ô-s¸-«p, ]ecpw Zbm-]qÀÆw {Inbm-ß-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¨p. tIc-f- nse
s]mXp kaq-l-s¯, I½o-j³ {]hÀ¯\hpambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-am-bn,
Fw. FÂ. F. amÀ, Fw. ]n. amÀ, DtZym-K-ØÀ, kmaqly {]hÀ -IÀ, aäv hnZ-Kv²À
XpS§n FÃm-h-cp-tSbpw \nÀt±-i-§Ä £Wn-¨p.
sshZy-imkv{X kw_-Ô-amb CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-
h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-bsb GsX-Ãmw- km-[y-X-I-fn-eqsS D]-bp-à-am-¡m-sa¶v
saUn-¡Â taJ-e-bnse AXn-hn-Z-Kv²-cp-am-bn-«pÅ Iq-Sn-Im-gvN-bn-eqsS Dcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h-
¶p. CXn-\mbn _mwKvfqÀ \nwlm³knse tUm. kXojv N{µ Kncn-am-Pn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-
6
¯n inev]-ime \S-¯n. tUm. sI. F. IpamÀ, tUm. Fw.-sI.-kn. \mbÀ, tUm.
^nen¸v tPm¬, tUm. A\n {]`m-IÀ, tUm. kp[oÀIp-amÀ, tUm. tagvkn tPmbv
sk_m-Ìy³, tUm. Fen-k-_¯v F¶n-hsc ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v cv inev]-im-e-IÄ Xncp-h-\-
-]pcw saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pn h¨v \S-¯n. _mwKvfqÀ \nwlm³kv, shÃpÀ kn. Fw.
kn., ssNÂUv Uh-e-¸vsaâv skâÀ, \mj-W C³Ìn-äyq-«p-IÄ, hnhn[ bqWn-th-gvkn-
än-IÄ F¶o t{kmX-Êp-I-fn \ns¶Ãmw hnes¸« \nÀt±-i-§Ä e`y-am-bn. B[n-Im-cn-I-
amb hni-Zmw-i-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, AXn-hn-Z-Kv²-cmb {]ap-Jsc ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v cv
inev]-im-e-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, hnZ-Kv²-amb \nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v
ap³\n¶v BßmÀ°-ambn {]hÀ¯n- -Xn\pw, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pnse
ssk¡m{Sn Un¸mÀ«vsaâv s{]m^-kÀ tUm. Sn.-hn. A\nÂIp-amÀ \nÀÆ-ln¨ AXp-ey-
amb tkh-\- n\v BZ-c-thmsS IrÚX tcJ-s¸Sp¯p¶p.
]mÀiz-h¡-cn-¡-s¸« P\-hn-`m-K-§-sfbmsI-¯s¶ sImSnb Nqj-W-§Ä¡v
hnt[-b-am-¡n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ ka-Im-enI PohnX kml-Ncy-¯nÂ, {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-
t]mepw km[y-X-bn-Ãm¯ akvXnjvI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Ah-Im-i-
þ-\oXn \ntj-[-§-fpsS A\p- -h-§Ä Hcp XpSÀ ]c-¼-c-bm-Wv. B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw \nb-a-
§-fp-sam-s¡, Ht«-sd-bp-v. ]t£, Ah-Im-i-§fpw \oXn-bp-sam¶pw Ch-cpsS PohnX ]
cn-k-c-§-fn-sem¶pw Zriy-a-Ã. \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ \oXnbpw Ah-Im-i-§-fp-sams¡ shÃp-
hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ahsc ]cn-c-£n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-saÃmw A\p-`hthZy-am-¡m³
Fs´ms¡ kao-]-\-§Ä, ap³I-cp-X-ep-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶ Nn´-bnÂ\n-¶m-Wv, \nb-
a-Ú-tcbpw \nba hnZ-Kv²-tc-bpw- FÃmw DÄs¸-Sp¯n Fd-Wm-Ipfw ssh. Fw. kn. F.
bn sh¨v Hcp IqSn-¡mgvN \S-¯n-b-Xv. kam-Z-c-Wo-b-\mb PÌvkv hn. BÀ. IrjvW-
¿-cpsS A\p-{K-lm-iw-k-I-tfmsS {io. hn. Fw. kp[o-csâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n kwL-Sn-¸n¨
{]kvXpX ]cn-]m-Sn-bn \n¶pw hne-s¸« \nÀt±-i-§Ä I½o-j\v e`y-am-bn. PÌnkv
sI. kpIp-am-c³, PÌnkv jwkp-±o³, PÌnkv cma-N-{µ³ XpS-§nb \nb-a-Úcpw tIc-
f-¯nse kap-¶-X-cmb A`n-`m-j-Icmb AUz. inh³ aT-¯nÂ, AUz.-Un-täm, AUz.
tdmbn Nmt¡m XpS-§n-b-hÀ F¶n-hÀ NÀ -bn ]¦m-fn-I-fm-bn. \nb-a-]-chpw Ah-
Imi kw_-Ô-hp-amb hnj-b-§-fn-eq¶n Gsd Kuc-h-t¯msS C\nbpw Cu NÀ¨ tIc-
f-¯n apt¶m«p sImp-t]m-tI--Xp-v. C -c-samcp ]cn-]mSn Fd-Wm-Ipfw tI{µn-I-cn¨v
7
kwL-Sn-¸n-¡m³ kaÀ¸W a\-tÊmsS k¶-²-amb tIc-f-¯nse ]cn-W-X-{]-Ú-bmb
kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-äÀ {ioaXn kpioemIpcy- -t\m-SpÅ IS-¸mSv BZ-c-thmsS tcJ-s -
Sp-¯p-¶p.
ImkÀtImSv PnÃ-bnse F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnepw sam{Km ]
p¯qÀ ]©m-b-¯nepw sh¨v \S-¯nb knän-§p-IÄ A\n-Xc km[m-c-Whpw Ahn-kva-
c-Wo-b-hp-amb A\p- -h-§-fmWv ]IÀ¶p X¶-Xv. _lp-am-\-s¸-« ImkÀtImSv Fw.-]n.,
{io. ]n. Icp-Wm-I-c³ DZvLm-S\w sNbvX ]cn-]m-Sn-bn ImkÀtKmUv Fw.-FÂ.-F. {io.
F³.-F. s\Ãn-¡p¶v A[y-£-\m-bn-cp-¶p. kÀÆ{io hn. Fw. kp[o-c³-, {io. C. N{µ-ti-
J-c³ Fw.-FÂ.-F., \K-c-k`m sNbÀam³ {io. Sn.- C. A_vZpÅ, tNÀ¡pfw A_vZpÅ,
PnÃm ]©m-b¯v {]kn-Uâv {ioaXn ]n.-]n. iyma-fm-tZhn F¶n-hÀ ]s¦-Sp-¯p.
ImkÀtIms« knänwKv \Ã-co-Xn-bn kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v ap¶n«v \n¶v
{]hÀ¯n¨ {io. ]n.- Fw. sI. kndm-Pv, {io. sI. _n. apl-½Zv Ipªn, U]yq-«n-I-f-IvSÀ
{io kp[oÀ_m-_p sF.-F.FÊv, PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ {io apl-½Zv kKoÀ sF.-F. FÊv, s{]m.
Fw.-F. dlvam³- XpS-§nbh-tcm-SpÅ IS-¸mSv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. sam{KmÂ]p-¯qÀ ]
©m-b-¯n sh¨v \S-¯nb khn-tij knän§v henb ]mT-§-fmWv I½o-j\v ]IÀ¶p
\ÂIn-b-Xv. Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS kwLm-S-IÀ, dntkm-gvkv A[ym-]-I³ IqSn-bmb {io.
cma-Ir-jvW\pw {io. amln³ Ip¶¯pw kl-{]-hÀ -I-cp-am-Wv. AhtcmSpw kl-{]-
hÀ -I-tcmSpw IrX-ÚX Adn-bn-¡p-¶p.
I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-§sf kÀÆm-ß\m lrZ-b-¯n Gsä-Sp¯v {]hÀ¯n¨
XymK a\-kvI-cmb Hmt«sd hyàn-Ifpw Øm]-\-§fpw kwL-S-\-I-fp-ap- v. Ah-sc-
sbms¡ BZ-c-]qÀÆw A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, I®qÀ knänw-Kn t\XrXzw
sImSp- - {ioaXn {ioP sI, {ioaXn KoX hÂk-cmPv, AUz. Pao Al-½-Zv, {io. Icp-
Wm-I-c³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänwKn ]s¦-Sp¯ _lp. {Kma-hn-I-k\ hIp-¸p-a{´n {io.
sI.-kn. tPmk-^v, {io. k®n-tPm-k^v Fw.-FÂ.-F., ap\n-kn-¸Â sNbÀ t]gvk¬
{ioaXn {ioP Fw. sI., {ioaXn ssie-P. {io. sI.- c-ho-{µ³, {io. ]n.-Un. al-aq-Zv, {ioaXn
kn. ko\¯v F¶n-hÀ¡pw XrÈqÀ ]me-¡mSv PnÃ-Isf DÄs]-Sp-¯n-bpÅ XrÈqÀ knänw-
Kn\v t\XrXzw sImSp¯ {ioaXn cmP-e-£van-¡pw, {ioaXn im´m-ta-t\m\pw knänw-
Kn ]s¦-Sp¯ {io. Fw.-]n. t]mÄ (ap-\n-kn-¸Â sNbÀam³), AUz. tXd-¼n cma-Ir-
8
jvW³ Fw.-FÂ.-F., {io Aºm-kv, {io kndmPv sImSp-h-bqÀ, {io. JmZÀ sambvXo³,
{io. sI. cm[m-Ir-jvW³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw tImgn-t¡mSv knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw sImSp¯ {io.
kndm-Pv, {io a³kqÀ, {io {]`m-I-c³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-Kn ]s¦-Sp¯ tUm. Ipª-
l-½-Zv Ip«n, {io. kn. tambn³Ip«n Fw.-FÂ.-F., {io. hn.-Fw. D½À amÌÀ Fw.-FÂ.-F.,
^m. tPmÀÖv Ggm-\n-¡m-Sv, {io kn.-sI. A_v±p-k-emw, {io. sI. Fw. D½À tIcf
s^U-td-j³ t^mÀ Zn _vssfâv kwØm\ {]kn-Uâv {io. -kn.-sI. A_q-_-¡À F¶n-
hÀ¡pw Fd-Wm-Ipfw knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw sImSp¯ {ioaXn kpioem Ipcy-¨\pw knänw-
Kn ]s¦-Sp¯ {io. sP. D½³, sIm¨n tImÀ]-td-j³ tabÀ, {io. tSmWn N½n-Wn,
s{]m. Fw.-sI. km\p, {io Fkv. iÀa Fw. FÂ F., {io s_¶n _l-¶m³ Fw. FÂ.
F., {ioaXn tacn A\n-X, {io apl-½Zv Aen, AUz. kÔy, {io. sI.-Fw. tdmbn F¶n-
hÀ¡pw tIm«bw knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂInb ^m.- tdmbn I®³Nn-d, {_. AK-Ìn³
t]mf-bn F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-Kn ]s¦Sp¯ {io tam³kv tPmk^v Fw. FÂ.F.,
tUm. F³. PbcmPv Fw. FÂ. F, tUm. ]n.-F-Êv. kpIp-am-c³, dh. tUm. amWn ]
pXn-bn-Sw, {ioaXn A¶½ tP¡-_v, tUm. Ipcym-t¡mkv tImÀ F¸n-kvt¡m¸ aqe-bnÂ,
kn. dmWn tPm, kn. skeo\ tPmbn, {io. sPbvtam³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw Be-¸pg knänw-
Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂInb {ioaXn Paoe ]n. Fkv, kn. enÊm tPmÀÖv, dh, kPn
t__n F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-Kn ]s¦-Sp¯ {ioaXn tagvkn Ubm-\, {io. Pn. kp[m-I-
c³ Fw.-GÂ. F., ssdäv dh. tUm. Ìo^³ A¯n-s¸m-gn-bnÂ, {io F.-F. jp¡qÀ, {io.
{ioIp-amÀ F¶n-hÀ¡pw- CSp-¡n-bnse knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b- knÌÀ FÂkm-
tSm-an\pw knänw-Kn ]s¦-Sp¯ {io. sI.-sI. Pb- -{µ³ Fw.-FÂ.-F., {ioaXn kp\nX
Ipª-¨³, ^m. tPmbn s\c-t¸Â, {io. tam\n-¨³, {io. Kocojv amen-bnÂ, {io. t__n-
¨³ tXma-kv, tkmWn-b-tamÄ, {io. kpKp, kn. Pm³kn F¶n-hÀ¡pw sImÃw knänw-
Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂInb {io. F³. Xpf-ko-[-c³ ]nÅ, {io. hÀ¤okv F{_lmw F¶n-
hÀ¡pw knänw-Kn ]s¦-Sp¯ _lp sXmgn ]p\-c-[n-hmk a{´n {io. jn_p t__n-
tPm-Wn\pw {io. ]n. sI. Kpcp-Zm-k³ Fw.-FÂ.-F. bv¡pw {io. Un. tP¡-ºv, {io kmw
F{_-lmw, {io. kn.-sI. cmP³, {io. sP. tKm]n-\m-Y-]n-Å, dh. tP¡ºv hÀ¤okv XpS-
§n-b-hÀ¡pw Xncp-h-\- -]pcwknänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b- {ioaXn _o\ BÀ, {io.
inh-ssI-emkv F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-Kn ]s¦Sp¯ _lp. Btcm-Ky-a{´n {io. hn.
9
Fkv. inh-Ip-am-dn\pw _lp. tabÀ AUz. sI. N{µn-Ibv¡pw _lp PnÃm-]-©m-b¯v
{]kn-Uâv {inaXn caWn ]n. \mbÀ¡pw {io. hn.-Fw. kp[o-c³, _nj¸v K{_n-b amÀ
{KntKm-dn-b-kn\pw ]mfbw Camw Pam-ep-±o³ a¦-Sbv¡pw kzman AizXn Xncp-\mÄ
AhÀIÄ¡pw Untk-_n-enän I½o-j-WÀ tUm. F³. Al-½-Zv]n-Åbv¡pw tUm.
cmPw ]n. BÀ. Fkv. ]nÅbv¡pw tUm. ao\bv¡pw {io. Pn.-hn. lcn, ^m. tXmakv
s^en-Ivkv, {inaXn Sn. X¦-a-Wn, {io. F³. ]ß-Ip-amÀ, F¶n-hÀ¡pw IrX-RvPX tcJ-
s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§fpw I½o-
jsâ {]hÀ -\-§-fp-sams¡ AXn-\n-sS, \nb-a-k- -bn {i²-£-Wn-¡Â {]ta-b-ambn
AXn-i-à-ambn apg-¡p-Ibpw AXn-\mbn {]b-Xv\n¡pI-bpw sNbvX _lp-am-\ycmb
Fw. FÂ. F. amÀ, kÀÆ{io tUm. F³. Pb-cm-Pv, {io. ]n.sI. Kpcp-Zm-k³, {io. jwkp-
±o³ Fw., {io. Ff-acw Icnw, {io. kn. tambn³Ip-«n, {io. _n. kXy³, {io. Sn.-F³.
{]Xm-]³ XpS-§n-b-h-tcm-SpÅ IS-¸mSv BZ-c-]qÀÆw ChnsS tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-
¡m³ Hcp I½o-js\ \nb-an-¡p-I-sb¶ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ZuXyw Gsä-Sp-¡pI-sb-¶-Xv,
Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp `cW \S-]-Sn-bm-Wv. tIc-f-¯nse ap³ hnZym-`ymk hIp¸p
a{´n _lp-am-\y-\mb {io C.-Sn. apl-½Zv _joÀ Fw. ]n. Cu `cW \S-]-Snsb hnti-jn-
¸n- -Xv, Ncn-{X-]cw F¶m-Wv. AXn-ep-]cn _lp-am-\-s¸« hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v a{´n
{io. ]n.-sI. A_v±p-dºv IqSn ]s¦-Sp¯ Hcp s]mXp thZn-bn {io C.-Sn. apl-½Zv
_joÀ ]d-ª-Xv, �I½o-j³ dnt¸mÀ«v \S-¸m-¡m-\pÅ Ah-kcw kn²n¨XneqsS hnZym-
`ymk a{´n F¶ \ne-bn {io. ]n. sI. A_v±p-dºv tIc-f-¯nse hnZym-`ymk Ncn-{X-
¯n khn-tij Øm\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ t]mhp-I-bmWv� F¶m-Wv. Cu GImwK
I½o-js\ C -c-samcp D -c-hm-ZnXzw G¸n-¡m³ _lp-am-\-s¸« hnZym-`ymk hIp¸p
a{´n {]I-Sn-¸n¨ hnizm-k-¯n\v ap¶n BZ-c-]qÀÆw incÊv \an-¡p-¶p. hnZym-`ymk
hIp¸pa{´n-bpsS ss{]häv sk{I-«dn {io. hn. ]n. A_v±pÄ dkm¡v kmdn-t\m-SpÅ
Fsâ hyàn-]-c-amb IS-¸mSv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. AtXm-sSm-¸w, hnZym-`ymk a{´n-bpsS
Hm^o-knse {io. kn.-]n. sNdnb apl-½-Zv, {io. ssk\p-em-_v±o³, {io. Aen-¡p«n XpS-§n-
10
b-h-tcmSpw hnZym-`ymk AÀ sk{I-«dn {io. _n. a[p-kq-Z-\³\mb-tcm-Sp-sam-s¡-bp-apÅ
IS-¸mSv \µn-]qÀÆw kvacn-¡p-¶p.
Xncp-h-\- -]pcw kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v
t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUnse {]n³kn-¸mÄ F¶ \ne-bv¡pÅ A[nI Npa-X-e-bmWv
GImwK I½o-j³ F¶ Cu \ntbm-Kw. I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v t\Xr-Xz-]-c-amb
amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \evIn, Cu ZuXy-¯nsâ ]hn-{XX t_m[y-s¸«v FÃm klmb kl-
I-c-W-§fpw \ÂInb Fkv. sF. Fw. kn. AUvan-\n-kvt{S-äohv Hm^o-kÀ {io. Fw. apl-
½-Zn-t\mSpÅ hyàn-]-c-amb IrX-ÚX Adn-bn-¡p-¶p. AtXm-sSm-¸w Fkv. sF. Fw.
kn. bnse Fsâ kl-{]-hÀ -Icmb Hmtcm-cp- -tcmSpw {]tXy-In¨v kvs]jyÂ
FUyq-t¡-j³ eIv -dÀ {ioaXn cm[n-I, sskt¡m-fPn eIvN-dÀ {ioaXn Ako\
A[ym-]n-I-am-cmb knav\, {]hnX F¶n-h-tcmSpw {io. F{_-lmw {io. cXojv BÀ \mbÀ
F¶n-htcmSpw \µn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
Cu I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS Bkq-{X-W- n\pw \S-¯n-¸n-ep-sam-s¡,
Akm-am-\y-amb kaÀ -W-a-\-tÊmsS ]qÀ®-ambpw CgpIn-t¨À¶v {]hÀ¯n¨ cv hyàn-
I-tfm-SpÅ Fsâ IS-¸mSpw BZ-chpw hm¡p-I-fn {]I-S-am-¡m-\m-hm- -Xm-Wv. 10
PnÃm BØm-\-§-fn-em-bn, ap¸-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw, {]iv\§Ät\-cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ ]
s¦-Sp¯ knänwKp-IÄ, Ggm-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw tcJ-IÄ CsX-Ãmw, kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v
A\ym-Zr-i-amb ]mS-h-t¯msS kpkw-L-Sn-X-ambn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Hmtcm tcJ-Ifpw
hmbn-¡p-I-bp-sams¡ sN¿pI F¶ shÃp-hnfn Gsä-Sp-¡m-\pÅ a\-Êp-m-hp-I-sb-¶Xv
Akm-[m-c-W-am-b, AZv`p-X-I-camb Imcy-am-Wv. kq£vam-h-t_m-[-t¯msS FÃm-än\pw
t\XrXzw \evInb {ioaXn tam¯n sI. l_n-_v, {io. _n. kp[ojv F¶o I½o-j³
Ìm^w-K-§-fpsS ]n´p-Wbpw ]¦m-fn-Xz-hp-sams¡ kvt\l-t¯msS AXn-tesd BZ-c-
thm-sS, tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
tIhew BI-k-van-I-sa¶v Icp-Xm-\m-hm- -hn[w Akm-[m-c-W-amb kaÀ¸W
t_m[-t¯m-sS, I½o-j\v e`n¨ tcJ-IÄ imkv{Xo-b-am-bn, ]c-ntim-[n-¨v, I½o-j³
{]hÀ -\-¯n\v am{X-ambn Hcp tkm^väv-sh-bÀ cq]-s -Sp-¯n, AXn Hmtcm
Umäbpw tcJ-s -Sp-¯n, hnhn[ Xc-¯nepw Xe-¯nepw Kth-jW kmaÀ°y-t¯msS
\nÀ²m-cWw sN¿m³ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-¡n-b-Xv, Fsâ _lp-am-\y kplr¯pw sF.-Iyq.
11
tkm^väv shbÀ I¼\n DS-a-bp-amb {io kp[oÀ ià-\m-Wv. {io. kp[oÀ ià-\pw,
At±-l-¯nsâ kl-{]-hÀ -Icpw {]I-Sn-¸n¨ tkh-t\m-Zm-c-X, A\ym-Zr-i-am-Wv.
Ahtcm-SpÅ kvt\lhpw IS-¸mSpw BZ-c-]qÀÆw tcJ-s¸-Sp¯m³ I½o-j³ _m[y-Ø-
am-Wv.
ap³\n-c-bn-sem¶pw ImWm-¯, F¶m ]n³\n-c-bn Pm{K-X-tbm-sS, \nco-£-W-
t¯msS I½o-j-s\m¸w \ne-\n¶ Nne Akm-[m-cW km¶n-[y-§-fp- v. Ah-cmWv
s{]m. ]n. Pb- -{µ³ (sN-ss¶), {io. kn.sI A_q-_-¡À, {io. A_vZpÄ Icow, {io.
apl-½Zv ^ntdm-kv, {in kndm-Pv, {io {]`m-I-c³, {io. a³kqÀ, {io d^o-Jv, --þþ-þ-þ- XpS-§n-b-
hÀ. ChÀ¡v lrZ-b-¯nsâ ASn- -«nÂ\n-¶pÅ kvt\lw tcJ-s -Sp-¯p-¶p.
Fsâ \nc- -c-amb Akm-¶n-²y-§sf a\-kvXm-]-an-ÃmsX kln-¨p, F¶n«pw
Fs¶ t{]mÂkm-ln-¸n¨ Fsâ `mcy sUbvkn-tbmSpw aIÄ X]-ky-tbmSpw Rm³ IS-
s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.
Fw.-sI. Pb-cmPv
(GImwK I½o-j³)
12
A²ym-bw-þ1
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ þ ASn-Øm\ hnh-c-§Ä(Basic Information)
GImwK I½o-jsâ ]T\ ]cn-[n-bn hcp-¶Xv tIcf kaq-l-¯n CXp-
h-scbpw Gsd-sbm¶pw s]mXp-P\ {i²-bn hcm¯ hn`m-K-§-fm-Wv. imco-cn-Ihpw
am\-kn-I-hp-amb hyXy-Ø-Xcw sshI-ey-§Ä A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ hen-sbmcp hn`mKw
P\-§Ä \ap¡v Npäp-ap-v. BsI hnI-emw-K-cpsS km¶n-²y-w kaq-l-¯n 7 iX-am-\-
¯n\pw 10 iX-am-\-¯n\pw CS-bn-emWv. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-
¶-hÀ Ch-cn 3 iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw hcpw. AÔÀ, _[n-cÀ, AØn-þ-N-e\ sshI-ey-
§Ä XpS-§n imcocnI sshIeyw t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, kmaq-ly-ambn s]mXpth Zriy-cm-Wv.
kaq-l-¯n s]mXpth {]I-S-amb km¶n-[y-amWv Cu hn`m-K-§-sfÃmw F¶-Xp-sIm-v,
A\p-`m-hhpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw s]mXpsh kaq-l-¯n ChÀ¡v e`y-hp-am-Wv. kÀ¡m-
cnsâ t\cn-«pÅ t\Xr-Xz-¯nepw \nb-{´-W-¯nepw kÀ¡mÀ klm-b-¯m-epÅ
FbvUUv kwhn-[m-\-hpw, sXmgn kwh-c-Whpw kmaqly kpc-£n-XXz amÀ¤-hp-
sams¡ e`y-am-Ip-¶p-v. AXn-ep-]-cn, Ch-cpsS imco-cnI ]cn-an-Xn, akvXn-jv¡-¯n-\-Ãm- -
Xp-sIm-v, kz´-ambn Bh-iy-§fpw Ah-Im-i-§fpw D¶-bn-¡m\pw kwL-Sn¨v kaqly
k½À±-ap-m-¡n, Ahiy Ah-Im-i-§Ä t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\p-sams¡ tIc-f-¯n Ign-bp-¶p.
tIc-f- nsâ kmaqly a\-Êm£n hfsc HuZmcy ]qÀÆ-amb A\p-`mhw C -c-¯n-
epÅ P\ hn`m-K-§-tfmSv ImWn- -Xp-sImp IqSn-bm-Wv, C´y-bnÂXs¶, asäÃm
kwØm-\-§-sf-¡mÄ IqSp-X Xr]vXn-I-c-amb Hcp PohnXw ChÀ¡v \evIm³ tIc-f-
¯n-\m-b-Xv. ]s£, s]mXpt_m[-¯n\v a\-Ên-em-hm-¯, kq£va kv]Àin-bmb Ht«sd
Kuch {]iv\-§Ä, Zriy-amb AwK-\yq-\X DÅ-hÀ¡pw Ds-¶-Xm-Wv, bmYmÀ°yw.
akvXnjvI £X-tam, akvXnjvI tImi-§-fpsS Akm[m-c-W-Xztam sImv kw -
hn-¡p¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Ah-t_m[w
s]mXp-k-aq-ls¯ kw_-Ôn¨v hfsc XpÑ-am-Wv. A -c-¯n-epÅ {]bm-k-§Ä
t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw IpSp-_s¯ kw_-Ôn¨pw Kuc-h-amb Hcp Nn´-
13
sbm¶pw cq]-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. `b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ Xc¯n-epÅ \nÀaa-Xztam, \nÊ-l-I-c-W-
tam, \ncm-I-c-Wtam Cu hn`m-K-t¯mSv {]I-Sn-¸n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. kmaq-ly-ambn XoÀ¯pw
BZr-iy-cmWv _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ. Cu taJe s]mXpsh A`n-
ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ AZr-iy-Xbv¡v Hcp {][m\ ImcWw, CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« {]iv\-§sf
kw_-Ôn¨ A_²[mc-W-Ifpw AÚ-X-bp-am-Wv. kaq-l-¯nse AÚ-Xbpw A_-
²-[m-c-W-I-fp-sam-s¡, \nÊ-lm-b-cmb Hcp P\-hn-`m-Ks¯ \nc-´-c-amb Ccp-«nÂXs¶
\ne-\nÀ¯p-¶p-sh¶Xv, Zb-\o-b-amb Hc-h-Ø-bm-Wv. tIc-f- nse akvXnjvI kw_-
Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnj-bw, hyXn-cn-à-amb Hcp ho£-W-t¯msS
kao-]n-t¡-Xp-v. Ah-cpsS PohnXw s]mXp-[m-c-bnÂ\n¶pw hn`n-¶-ambn KWy-amb Xc-
¯nÂ, Ac-£n-Xhpw A\n-Ýn-XXzw \nd-ª-Xpam-Wv. Cu Ac-£n-X-Xzhpw A\n-Ýn-X-
Xzhpw Cu hn`m-K-§-fn am\-kn-I-ambn Hcp k¦oÀ®m-hØ krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\v CS-bm-
¡n-bn-«p-v. Cu am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-bpsS Dt]m -¶-am-bn, sshIm-cnI kmaq-ly, km¼-
¯n-I, kmwkvIm-cnI {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ Hcp khn-tij hn`m-K-ambn
tIc-f- n ChÀ amdn-bn-«p-v. C -c-¯n-epÅ hyàn-Ifpw IpSpw-_-§-fp-a-S-§p¶ P\-
hn-`mKw kmaq-ly-amb hÃms¯mscm-ä-s -SÂ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶p. Ch-c-\p- -hn-¡p¶
{]iv\-§Ä Cg-]n-cn-¨v, ]cn-lmcw tXSm-sX, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te-¡v, hen-
sbmcp AwK-kw-Jy-h-cp¶ Cu P\-hn-`m-Ks¯ ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯m³ Ign-bn-Ã. Cu
taJ-e-bpsS khn-tij {]iv\-§Ä Xncn- -dn-bm³ tIcf s]mXpkaqlw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«-
Xnsâ ]cn-Wn-Xn-bm-Wv, akvXn-jvI- BLm-X-ta-ä-hÀ DÄs¸-Sp¶ IpSpw-_-§Ä DÄs¡m-
Åp¶ Hcp P\X Cu sIm¨p-tI-c-f-¯n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ {]iv\-k-¦-enX
kml-Ncy-¯n C¶pw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Hcp kml-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv, khn-ti-j-ambn
\nÀ®m-b-I-amb tXmXn kaq-l-¯n ]nt¶m¡w \n¡p¶ akvXnjvI shÃp-hnfn
t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-K-Wn-¨psImv tIcf ]Ým- -e- n Hcp ]T\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-¶-
Xv.
Hcp Ipªv ]nd-¡p-¶-Xv, amXm-]n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v a\-Ên DÂk-h-¯nsâ
hÀ®-cm-Pn-IÄ k½m-\n-¡p¶ A\p- -h-am-Wv. F{Xtbm kz]v\-§Ä, k¦Â]-§Ä...
c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS Pohn-Xw, {]bm-k-§fpw Zp:J-§fpw k½m-\n-¡p¶ PohnX kml-N-cy-
¯n-em-sW-¦nÂt]mepw Xsâ Ipªns\ kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ kz]v\-§fpw k¦Â]-§-fp-
14
sam-s¡, `mhnsb kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Ah-cpsS ip -I-c-amb Dd-¸m-Wv. Ipªnsâ ssZ\w-
Zn\ hfÀ¨sb I¬\n-dsb ImWm-\pÅ sImXn-bm-Wv, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-¯n\v
Imhymß-IXzw k½m-\n-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯n-cn-bp-sÅmcp Cu sIm¨p Pohn-X-¯nsâ hc-¼-
¯p-\n-¶v, asä-´mWv \ap¡v {]Xo-£n-¡m-\p-ÅXv? {]Xym-in-¡m-\p-Å-Xv?. kz]v\
kam-\amb Hcp kzÀ¤ Pohn-X-¯nsâ k¦Â]-§Ä¡v, BLm-X-taÂ-¸n¨mWv, Hcp
\mÄ Cu AÑ\pw A½bpw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xv, Fsâ aIÄ AYhm aI³, Pohn-Xm-´yw-
hsc , \nÊ-lm-b-am-Ip¶ hen-sbmcp Zpc-´- nsâ Cc-bm-Wv F¶v. sI«n-s¸m-¡nb
kz]v\ ku[-§-fpsS XIÀ -sb-¶-Xn-ep-]-cn, I\n-hn-Ãm¯ Ime-¯nsâ Ibvt¸-dnb
A\p- -h-§-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ Zpcn-X-bm-{X-am{Xw Pohn-X-¯nsâ \o¡n-bn-cn-¸m-Ip¶ Bkp-
cX! lrZbw hen-¨p-Io-dp-¶, Zpc- -§-fpsS \ne-¡m¯ A\p- -h-§Ä.. F´p sN¿-W-
sa-¶-dn-bm-sX, Bsc kao-]n-¡-W-sa-¶-dn-bm-sX, Xsâ PohnX kz]v\-§-fpsS k -
bmb Cu Ipªv. Ipªnsâ ssZ\yXapäp¶ \nÊ-lmb apJ-t¯bv¡v Däp-t\m¡n
\njv-^-e-amb Xsâ P·s¯ i]n¨v Pohn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS AwK-kw-Jy Cu tIc-f-¯nÂ
Ht«-sd-bmWv. Ah-cpsSIp-ªp-§fm-Wv, akvXn-jvI-¯nsâ £Xw Imc-W-tam, Akm-
[m-c-WXzw Imc-Wtam, BPo-h-\m-´w Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]qap-J-¯v, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw,
skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶o
{]iv\-§-fmÂ, Cc-I-fmbn Ign-bp-¶-hÀ þ Ah-cpsS ]T\-amWv GImwK I½o-jsâ
hni-I-e\ ]cn-[n-bn hcp-¶-Xv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cnSp-¶-hÀ, C¶v tIcf kaq-l-¯n A\p- -hn-
¡p¶ ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Øbv¡v hnhn[ Imc-W-§-fp-v. s]mXp kaq-l-¯n-\v, Cu hn`m-
Ks¯¡pdn-¨pÅ XnIª AÚ-Xbpw ap³hn-[n-I-fp-amWv AXn {][m-\w. c£n-Xm-
¡fpw sshZy-k-aq-lhp-apÄs¸-sS-bp-Å-hÀ ]peÀ¯p¶ AÚ-X-bpsS ^e-am-bn, hym]-
I-amb Nqj-W-§Ä¡mWv ChÀ hnt[-b-am-bn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu ASp- -Im-e¯v
cq]-s¸« sNdnb Ah-t_m-[w, KpW-]-c-amb amä-§Ä¡v klm-b-I-am-hp-¶p-s-¦nepw
NqjW kml-Ncyw ]qÀ®-ambpw kaq-l-¯n CÃm-Xm-bn-«n-Ã. BNm-c-§-fp-tSbpw
A\p-jvTm-\-§-fp-tSbpw hnizm-k-§-fp-tS-bp-sams¡ t]cn-epÅ ]cn-lm-c-{In-b-IÄ tIc-
f-¯nse Nne ]nt¶m¡ taJ-e-I-fn ià-am-sW-¦n-epw, s]mXp-sh, imkv{Xob-amb
15
Hcp kao-]-\w, Ch-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bn Bh-iy-ap-s¶ [mcW hfÀ¶p-h-
¶n-«p-v.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ¡v Imc-W-am-hp-¶-Xv, {][m-\-ambpw akvXnjvI
tImi-§-fmb \yqtdm-Wp-I-fpsS £Xtam Akm-[m-c-Whpw Akzm-`m-hn-I-hp-amb Ah-
Ø-Itfm BWv. \yqtdm-Wp-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨v, C¶v e`y-amb NnInÂkm-hn-[n akvXn-
jvI-¯n-t\ä £Xtam Akzm-`m-hn-I-Xtbm ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ ]cym-]vX-a-Ã. akvXn-jvI-
¯nsâ Cu {]iv\-§-fpsS ]cn-lmcw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn acp-¶p-IÄ¡v hg-§p-¶-Xm-
sW¶v Hcp imkv{Xob At\z-j-Whpw sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-an-Ã. F¶n«pw NnInÂkm-hn-[n-Isf
kw_-Ôn¨pw NnInÂk-bn-eqsS �tcmK-im´n� t\Sn-bXv kw_-Ôn¨pw Ah-Imi hmZ-
§-fpsS Ht«sd {]N-WvU-tIm-em-l-e-§-fnÂ, \nÊ-lm-b-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä AI-
s¸-«pt]m-Ip¶ Ah-Ø-bmWv tIc-f-¯n-ep-Å-Xv. AÚ-X-bnÂ\n¶pw cq]-s¸« Cu
NqjW kml-N-cy-t¯mSv {Inbm-ß-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¡m\pw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v t\Àhgn
ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m\pw _m[y-X-s¸« Btcm-Ky-h-Ip¸v Kuc-h-ambn hnjbw Gsä-Sp-¡-
Ww.
Fd-Wm-Ipfw tI{µo-I-cn¨pw Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw tIµo-I-cn¨pw ]{X-þ-Zr-iy-þ-ssk-_À
am[y-a-§-fpsS kl-I-c-W-t¯m-sS, _rl-¯mb coXn-bn-em-Wv, sXämb {]N-c-W-
§Ä \S-¯n-h-cp-¶-Xv. {]tem- -\o-b-§-fmb Cu �{]iv-\-]-cn-lmc� Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§-fn-
 hiw-h-Z-cmbn, km¼-¯n-I-ambpw am\-kn-I-ambpw ]m -cmbn F¶v c£n-Xm-¡Ä I½o-
j\v \ÂInb tcJ-IÄ shfn-hm-¡p-¶p. \nÊ-lm-b-X-bp-sSbpw \ncm-h-ew-_-X-bp-sSbpw
Ic-Im-Wm-¡-S-enÂ, {]Xo-£-bpsS sIm¨p-Xp-cp-¯mWv Cu hymP Ah-Imi hmZ-§-
sf¶v c£n-Xm-¡Ä [cn-¨p-h-im-Ip-¶Xv kzm`m-hn-Iw.
akvXnjvI £X-t¯m-sSm¸w Nne-t¸mÄ Ip-h-cp¶ IrXy-amb tcmK-§Ä, DZm-l-c-
WwþA]-kvam-cw, am\-knI tcmKm-h-Ø, aäv imco-cnI tcmK-§Ä Ch-bvs¡m-
s¡ NnInÂkbpw acp-¶p-Ifpw, akvXnjvI £X-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]
t£ akvXnjvI tImi-§-fpsS £Xm-h-Øbpw Akzm-`m-hn-I-amb Ah-Ø-bp-
sams¡ \ne-hn Hcp NnInÂkm hn[n-IÄ¡pw hg-§p-¶-hbmsW¶v imkv{Xob-ambn
sXfn-bn-¡-s -«n-«nÃ. A-Xp-sImpXs¶, AXn-\p-thn ]Whpw ka-bhpw \jvS-s -Sp-¯p-¶-
Xv, c£n-Xm-¡Ä km¼-¯n-I-ambn IqSp-XÂ {]bm-k-s¸-Sm³ CS-bm-¡p-sa¶v am{X-a-Ã,
16
bYm-k-abw e`y-am-th ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v c£n-Xm-¡Ä apXn-cm-Xn-cn-¡p¶ kml-N-cyhpw Dm-
¡pw. Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯n Zqc-hym-]-I-amb {]Xym-Lm-X-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\v
CXv CS-bm-¡p-w. Cu cwK¯v, temI¯v \S--¶n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm Kth-j-W-§fpw kqNn-¸n-
¡p-¶-Xv, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v F{Xbpw t\ct¯
bYm-hn[n ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ imkv{Xo-b-ambn Bkq-{X-Ww-sNbvXv, sshZ-Kv²y-
t¯msS ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ, `mhn-bn kw -hn-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ sshI-ey-¯nsâ
hen-sbmcp iX-am-\t¯mfw k¦oÀ®X Ipd-bv¡m-t\m, CÃm-Xm-¡mt\m Ignbpw F¶m-
Wv. sshZy-·m-cp-tSbpw acp-¶p-I- -h-S-¡m-cp-sS-bp-sams¡ hymP Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä¡n-S-
bn s]men-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv, Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v henb Ah-k-c-§fpw km[y-X-bp-
am-Wv.
I½o-jsâ ]T\ ]cn-[n-bn hcp¶ hnj-b-§-fm-b, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-
{_ ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih am\-kn-I-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶n-
hsb kw_-Ôn¨v kmam-\y-amb Hcp [mc-W, C¯cw hn`m-K-§-fpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-
¡p-¶-Xn\v ap¼v A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcp ap¶p-]m-[n-bm-Wv.
(1) _p²n-amµyw (Mental Retardation)
kmaqly kml-N-cy-§-fn km[m-c-W-t]mse AÀ°-h-¯mbn {]Xn-I-cn-¡m³
Ign-bm¯ coXn-bn _p²n-am\w (Intelligent Quotient) KWy-ambn Ipd-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Ah-
Ø-bmWv _p²n-am-µyw. km[m-cW _p²n-am\w 100 BbmWv ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ,
_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cn AXv 70  Xmsg-bm-Wv. Cusbm-c-h-Ø, 18 hb-Ên\v ap¼v
kw -hn-s -¦n am{Xta \nÀÆ-N-\-{]-Im-cw, _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡q.
Hcp kaq-l-¯n _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS AwK-kw-Jy, 2. 5 apX 3 iX-am\w
hsc-sb-¶mWv IW-¡m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. {Kmaþ-\-Kc hyXym-k-tam, cmPy-§-fpsS km¼-
¯nI Ah-Ø-IÄ X½n-epÅ hyXn-bm-\tam H¶pw, Gä-¡p-d-¨n-ep-IÄ¡v _m[-I-am-hp-
¶n-sÃ-¶m-Wv, Gähpw HSp-hn F¯s¸« \nK-a-\w. _p²n-am-µy-¯n-\pÅ Imc-W-§Ä
kml-N-cym-Sn-Øm-\-¯n {][m-\-ambpw KÀ`m-h-Øbv¡v ap¼pÅ Imc-W-§Ä, KÀ`m-h-
Ø-bn kw -hn-¡p¶ Imc-W-§Ä, {]kh ka-b¯v kw -hn-¡p¶ Imc-W-§Ä, {]k-
hm-\- -c-apÅ Imc-W-§Ä F¶n-§s\ hn -Pn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
17
_p²n-am-µy-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bv¡pÅ Imc-W-§Ä C\nbpw ]qÀ®-ambn e`y-ambn
F¶v ]d-bm³ Ign-bn-Ã. _p²n-am-µy-¯n\v C-S-bm-¡p¶ 35 iX-am-\-t¯mfw Imc-W-
§fpw C¶pw B[p-\nI imkv{Xs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v AÚm-X-am-Wv. 100 {Sney³ hcp¶
\yqtdm-WpIÄ AS-§nb a\pjy akvXn-jvIs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v C\nbpw shfn-hm-tI
Zpcq-l-X-IÄ, k¦oÀ®-X-IÄ F¶n-h-sb-Ãm-am-Wv, aäv kam\ {]iv\-§-sf-t¸mse/
shÃp-hn-fn-Isft¸mse {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§Ä Ah-ew-_n¨v _p²n-am-µy-¯nsâ \nc¡v
Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn-Å km[y-Xsb Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xv. _p²n-am-µy-¯nsâ Nne Imc-W-§Ä,
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m³ km[y-hp-a-Ã.
_p²n-amµyw kw -hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Imc-W-§Ä
1. t{Ima-tkmw, P\n-XI sshI-ey-§Ä.
2. KÀ -Im-e¯v A½-bv¡p-m-Ip¶ {]ta-lw, DbÀ¶ cà-k-½À±w, ssXtdm-bvUv
{KÙn-I-fpsS Akzm-`m-hn-I-X.
3. t]mj-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hv. A½bv¡v, KÀ -Im-e-¯nsâ BZy aq¶v amk-§-fn Dm-Ip-
¶, tcmK-§-fmb PÀ½³ aoknÂkv, slÀ--]n-kv, kn^n-en-kv, t{SmIvtkm-]vfm-
kvtam-knkv F¶nh.
4. cà-¯nse BÀ. F¨v. LS-I-¯nse s]mcp- -t¡-Sv.
5. ab-¡p-a-cp-¶v, aZyw, ]pIbn-e, Nne acp-¶p-IÄ, FIvktd XpS§n-b-h.
6. {]kh ka-b¯v \h-PmX inip-hnsâ akvXn-jvI-¯n-t\¡p¶ BLm-Xw,
kpZoÀLamb {]kh {]{In-b, s]m¡nÄsIm-Sn-bpsS Ipcp-§Â, inip-hn-\p-m-Ip¶
aª-¸n-¯w, t]mj-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hv...
7. Ipªn-\p-m-Ip¶ sa\n-ss©-änkv, Xe-t¨mÀ ]gp-¸v, aäv ]cp-¡p-IÄ...
kz`mh hnti-j-§Ä
hfÀ¨m-L-«-¯n-ep-m-Ip¶ Ime-Xm-a-kw, `mjm-hn-Im-k- nse hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä,
ImbnI £a-X-bpsS ]cn-an-Xn, kmaqly CS-s]-S-ensâ Ipdhv, Nn´m-ti-jn-bp-sSbpw
[mc-Wm-ti-jn-bp-sSbpw {]iv\-§Ä, Xocp-am-\-§-fn F¯n-t -cm-\pÅ {]bm-kw,
HmÀ½, ]T\w F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ tijn-¡p-dhv F¶n-h-bmWv s]mXp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ.
_p²n-am-\- nsâ (IQ) ASn-Øm-\- n _p²n-am-µys¯ {][m-\-ambpw
\membn Xcw-Xn-cn-¨n-cp-¶p. arZp (Mild), anX (Moderate), Xo{h (Severe) XojvW (Profound)
18
F¶n-§-s\-bm-W-Xv. arZp-þ-an-X-þ-Xo-{hþ-Xo-jvWþ _p²n-am-µy-¯nsâ _p²n-am\ \nc¡v
bYm-{Iaw 50-þ70-þ, 35-þ50, 20-þ35, 20 \p Xmsg F¶n-§-s\-bm-Wv.
_p²n-am-µy-sa-¶-Xv, NnInÂkbv¡v hnt[-b-am-hp¶ Hcp tcmK-a-Ãm- -Xp-sIm-pX-
s¶, CXns\ Hcp Ah-Ø-bm-bmWv ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS _p²n-]-c-
amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]cn-l-cn¨v, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bnÂ
kzm{i-b-Xz-t¯msS Pohn-¡m³ {]m]vX-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, imkv{Xo-bhpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb
]T-\-þ-]-cn-io-e\ {]{In-b-IÄ hn`m-h\w sNt¿--Xp-v.
]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bn-eqsS \ne-hn _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cn 80 iX-am-\-
s¯bpw sXmgnÂ]c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n¨v kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v
DbÀ¯p-hm³ Ign-bp-sa-¶v, Ht«td ]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. C¶v tIc-f- nÂ
_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS {Inbm-ßI ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-bsb klm-bn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-
epÅ imkv{Xob kwhn-[m-\-§-sfm-¶pw, icn-bmb AÀ°¯n e`y-a-sÃ-¶-Xm-Wv,
bmYmÀ°yw. kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯nÂ, CXn-\pÅ {ia-§Ä, C\nbpw Bcw-`n-t¡--Xm-bn-«mWv
Ccn-¡p-¶-Xv. kzIm-cy-þ-k-¶² kwhn-[m-\-§Ä \ÂIp¶ Nne hne-s¸« tkh-\-§-fm-
Wv, C¶v tIc-f-¯nÂ, Cu cwKs¯ {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-X-Ip¶ GXm\pw
Hä-s¸« kwcw- -§Ä.
2- Hm«nkw (Autism)
Hm«nkw (Autism) F¶ {]iv\w, s]mXpth C¶v temI-am-sI, imkv{Xþ hnZym-
`ymk hr -§-fn henb NÀ -IÄ¡v hnt[-b-am-hp¶ hnj-b-am-Wv. Ip«n-bpsS Pohn-X-
¯n 3 hb-Ên\v ap¼v kw -hn-¡p¶ k¦oÀ®-amb Hc-h-Ø-bmWv Hm«n-kw. Cu Ah-
Ø-bpsS ^e-am-bn, Ip«n¡v Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯n\pw kaq-l-¯n CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn\pw
_p²n-ap«v Dm-Ip-¶p. Akzm-`m-hn-Ihpw BhÀ¯n-¨p-Å-Xp-amb imco-cnI Ne-\-§Ä
C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. 1943  entbm-sI-¶À F¶ inip-a-t\m-tcmK
`nj-Kz-c³ Cu {]iv\w Xncn- -dn-bp-¶Xphsc C¯cw Ip«n-I-sf, at\m-tcm-Kn-I-fmtbm
at\m ZpÀ_-e-cmtbm BWv s]mXpsh ]cn-K-Wn¨p h¶n-cp-¶-Xv.
sshZy-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS Hm«nkw Is- m³ Ffp-¸-a-Ã. 1980 apXÂ Hm«n-
ks¯ s]mXpsh hnkvXrX hfÀ¨m-{I-a-`wKw (Pervasive Developmental Disorder)
19
F¶mWv hyh-tÑ-Zn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv. �kvIntkm-{^o-\nb� t]mse Hcp am\-knI {]iv\-aÃ
Hm«n-k-sa¶pw Ip«n-I-fn ImWp¶ hfÀ¨m kw_-Ô-amb Imcy-am-sW¶pw Is-¯n.
CtX KW- n s]Sp¶ {]iv\-§-fm-Wv, sdävkv kn³-t{Umw, Akvs]ÀtPÀkv
kn³t{Umw, inip inYn-eo-I-cW {Ia-`w-Kw (Childhood Disintegrative Disorder) asäm-cp-hn-[-
¯nepw ]cm-aÀin-¡m-¯, hnkvXrX hfÀ¨m {Ia-`wKw (Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Not Otherwise Specified- PDD NOS)
sdävkv kn³t{Umw (Rett’s Syndrome)
Cu AhØ 5 amk-¯n\pw 48 amk-¯n\pw CS-bn-emWv Is- -s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
km[m-c-W-bmbn s]¬Ip-«n-I-fn-emWv sdävkv kn³t{Umw Dm-Ip-¶-Xv. Bbncw Bfp-I-
fn HcmÄ F¶-XmWv Cu {]iv\w kw -hn-¡m-\pÅ km[y-X. Cu Ip«n-IÄ kaql-hp-
ambn CS-s]-Sm-\pÅ Ignhv hfsc Xma-kn¨v am{XamWv BÀÖn-¡p-¶-Xv. BhÀ¯n-
¨pÅ {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-epÅ AwK-N-e-\-§fpw ssII-gp-Ip¶ kz`m-hhpw Cu Ip«n-I-fnÂ
ImWmw. _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ \Ã-tXm-Xn Ch-cn {]I-S-am-Wv. A]-kvamc
km[yX C¯cw Ip«n-I-fn IqSp-X-em-Wv. ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX Imcy-§-fnepw Ifn-I-
fnepw ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ {]I-Sn-¸n-¡pw.
ssiih inYn-eo-I-cW {Ia-`wKw (Child hood Disintegrative Disorder)- Heller Syndrom)
cp- h-b-Ên-\p-ti-jhpw 10 hb-Ên\v ap¼p-amWv Cu {]iv\w {]I-S-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ
km[y-X. km[m-c-W-bmbn B¬Ip-«n-I-fn IqSp-X-embn ImWp¶ Cu {]iv\w, ]t£
s]mXpsh A]qÀÆ-am-Wv. BhÀ¯n-¨pÅ imco-cnI Ne-\-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ C¯cw
Ip«n-IÄ¡v kmaq-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn\pw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯n\pw _p²n-ap-«p- v. A]-
kvamc km[yX C¯cw Ip«n-I-fn IqSp-X-embn {]I-S-am-hm-dp-v.
Akvs]ÀtPÀkv kn³t{Umw (Asperger’s Syndrome)
Hmkv{Sn-b-¡m-c-\mb inip-tcmK hnZ-Kv²³ lm³kv Bkvt]ÀtPÀknsâ Kth-
j-Wm-\-´-c-amWv Cusbm-c-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨v temI-a-dn-bp-¶-Xv. A]qÀÆ-am-sW-¦nepw
B¬Ip-«n-I-fn-em-Wv, Akvt]ÀtPÀkv kn³t{Umw IqSp-X-embn Ip-h-cp-¶-Xv.
BhÀ¯n-¨pÅ imco-cnI Ne-\-§-tfm-sSm¸w _p²n-am-µyhpw Ch-cn Ip-h-cp-¶p. A]-
kvamcw Ch-cn ImWp-¶n-Ã, ]t£ ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX hr¯n-I-fn ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ
20
{]I-S-am-Wv. `mjm-{]m-hoWyw D]-cn-]vf-h-amb kwkm-c-¯n am{Xw ]cn-an-X-s¸-«mWv
ImWp-¶-Xv.
asäm-cp-hn-[-¯nepw ]cm-aÀin-¡m¯ hnkvXrX hfÀ¨m {Ia-`wKw (Pervasive
Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified)
t]cp-t]m-se-Xs¶ IrXy-amb Fs´-¦nepw [mc-W, hn]p-e-amb hÀ®-cm-Pn-
t]mse ]c-kv]c k¦-en-X-ambn InS-¡p¶ Cu Ah-Øsb kw_-Ôn¨v imkv{X-tem-Iw
BÀÖn-s -Sp-¯n-«n-Ã. kmaq-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn\pw Bib hn\n-a-b-¯n\pw {]iv\-
ap-Å-h-cm-Wn-hÀ.
Hm«n-k- nsâ Imc-W-§Ä
1. t{Imatkmw P\n-XI LS-I-§Ä.
2. KÀ -k-a-bs¯ {]iv\-§Ä.
3. akvXnjvI LS-\-bnse Akm-[m-c-WXzw
4. ]mcn-Øn-XnI Imc-W-§Ä.
kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄ
1. aäp-Å-h-cp-ambn CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn-\pÅ _p²n-ap-«v.
2. amä-§-tfmSv s]mcp- -s¸-Sm-\m-hm-Xn-cn-¡p-I.
3. \nb-X-amb BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-§Ä.
4. {]Xn-i_vZ {]Xn-I-cWw. (Ecolalia)
5. ktN-X\ hkvXp-X-¡-sf-¡mfpw AtN-X\ hkvXp-t¡m-tfm-SpÅ B`n-ap-Jyw.
6. BhÀ¯\ {]hr-¯n-bn A`n-c-an-¡Â.
7. sshIm-cnI {]I-S-\- n-\pÅ {]m]vXn-¡p-d-hv.
8. `mjbv¡pw Bib hn\n-a-b-¯n-\p-apÅ {]iv\-§Ä.
3. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn.
akvXnjvI tImi-§-fnse £Xw Imc-Ww, t]in Ne-\-s -bpw, ico-c-¯nsâ kzm`m-
hnI {]{In-b-tbbpw _m[n-¡p¶, NnInÂkbv¡v hnt[-b-a-Ãm¯, F¶m IqSp-XÂ
aqÀÑn-¡m¯ Hc-h-Ø-bm-Wv, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb icoc t]in-
I-fn-em-Wv, {]iv\w {]Xn-^-en-¡p-¶Xv F¶-Xp-sIm-pX-s¶, Blm-cþ izk-\-þ-hn-kÀÖ\
hyh-Ø-I-fpsS kzm`m-hnI {]hÀ -\-§sf CXv kmc-ambn _m[n-¡m-\n-S-bp-v. skdn-
21
{_ ]mÄkn t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-I-fn 60 iX-am-\-¯n-s\-¦nepw _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-
¡m-h-Øbpw Ip-h-cp-¶p. aäv A\p-_Ô {]iv\-§Äþ
1. A]-kvamcw
2. ]T\ sshIeyw
3. tIÄhn-¡p-dhv
4. ImgvN-¡p-d-hv.
akvXn-jv¡-¯n\v G¡p¶ £Xw, P\n-XI Imc-W-§Ä, aäv BLm-X-§Ä F¶nh
skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn¡v Imc-W-am-Imw. \h-PmX inip-hnsâ `mc-¡p-d-hv, skdn-{_Â ]
mÄknbnte¡v \bn-t -¡mw.
skdn-{_Â]mÄkn þ Imc-W-§Ä
1. Hmtc {]k-h-¯n H¶n IqSp-X Ipªp-§Ä.
2. {`qWm-h-Ø-bn G¡p¶ £Xw.
3. t]mj-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hv.
4. DbÀ¶ cà-k-½À±w, ssl¸À ssXtdm-Un-kw, {]ta-lw.
5. ssPh-þ-cm-k-þ-P-\n-XI {]iv\-§Ä.
6. amkw XnI-bm-sX-bpÅ {]k-hw.
7. akvXn-jvI-¯n-t\¡p¶ AWp-_m-[, hogvN-aq-e-apÅ £Xw, ...
e£-W-§Ä
Ipªp-§-fn ImWp¶ Akm-[m-c-W-amb £oWm-h-Ø, {i²-¡p-d-hv Akm-[m-
cWamb D -¯n-epÅ Ic-¨nÂ
Ipªp-§-fn ]mÂIp-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, `£Ww hngp-§p-¶-Xn-\p-apÅ {]bmkw.
Abª t]in-IÄ, Akm-[m-cW imco-cnI {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä...
hn -P\w
Ne-\-¯nsâ kz`mhw ASn-Øm-\-am-¡nbpw Ah-bh _m[sb ASn-Øm-\-am-
¡nbpw BWv skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpsS hn -P-\w.
1. cp ssIIÄ¡pw cp Imep-IÄ¡pw BsI _m[n-¡p-¶- Iz{Un-]vfo-Pnb.
2. cp Imep-Ifntem AYhm cp ssII-fntem _m[n-¡p¶ ssU¹o-Pn-b.
22
3. ico-c-¯nse CS-Xp-`m-Ks¯ ssIIm-ep-I-tftbm AsÃ-¦n heXp `mKs¯
ssIIm-ep-Isftbm am{Xw _m[n-¡p¶ slan-]vfn-Pn-b.
4þ _lp-ssh-Ieyw
Htc hyàn¡v H¶n-e-[nIw hyXykvX shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ Htc kabw kw -hn-¡p¶
kml-N-cy-s -bmWv _lp-ssh-I-eym-h-Ø-sb¶v ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶-Xv. DZm-l-c-Wwþ
Ne-\-ssh-I-ey-t¯m-sSm¸w tIÄhn-bn-Ãm-bva. H¶n-e-[nIw hyXykvX sshI-ey-§Ä
Hmtc-k-abw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶ hyàn-IÄ, km[m-cW shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-
cnÂ\n¶pw hyXykvX-amb hen-b-tXm-Xn-epÅ k¦oÀ® kml-N-cy-§sf A`n-aq-Jo-I-cn-
¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. km[m-cW ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{InbbnÂ\n¶pw hyXy-kvX-ambn hfsc
khn-ti-j-amb ]cn-K-W-\bpw CS-s]-S-epw, Ch-cpsS kaq-ly-h¡-c-W-¯n\v AXy-´m-
t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Xo{h-þ-XojvW _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cn ]e-t¸mgpw _lp-ssh-Ieyw IqSp-
X-embn Ip-h-cp-¶p.
5þ ssiih am\-knI tcmKw
s]mXp kaq-l-¯nsâ {i² H«pw ]Xn-bm¯ Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv, ssiih
am\-kn-I-tcm-Kw. CsXmcp tcmK¯nsâ KW-¯n-emWv, DÄs -Sp-¶-sX-¦n-epw, tcmKm-h-
Ø-bpsS Hc-\- -c-^ew _p²n-amµy Ah-Øm-bm-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\bpw ]cn-io-
e-\-hpw Cu Ip«n-IÄ¡v AXy-´m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
kvIntkm-{^o-\n-b-
Ip«n-I-fn ImWp¶ kvIntkm-{^o-\n-b-bm-Wv, ssi-ih am\-knI tcmK-
¯n {][m-\-s¸-«-Xv. hyàn bmYmÀ°ys¯ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw bmYmÀ°y-t_m-[-an-
ÃmsX s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Hc-h-Ø-bm-Wn-Xv. Ip«n-I-fn hfsc sNdp-{]m-b-
¯nÂXs¶ Cu tcmKw Dm-hp-¶p. Nne-t¸mÄ buÆ-\m-cw- -¯n\v ap¼v Xs¶
kvIntkm-{^-o\nb {]Xy-£-s -t«-¡mw. Cu tcmKw Ip«n-I-fpsS kz`m-hs¯
hfsctbsd _m[n-¡p-¶p. Cu {]iv\w sNdp-{]m-b-¯n ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\mÂ, hnZym-
`ymk]c-amb hfÀ¨bv¡pw kmaq-ly-þ-ssh-Im-cnI hnIm-k-¯n\pw henb shÃp-hn-
23
fnIfmbn amdp-¶p. t\cs¯ Is¯n NnInÂkn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n {]iv\-§sf Ipd-
bv¡m-³ Ign-bpw.
BImw-jm-{I-a-`wKw
Ip«n-I-fn ImWp¶ asämcp am\-knI {]iv\-am-Wv, BIm-wjm-{I-a-`w-Kw
(Anxiety Disorder). Cu {]iv\apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Gähpw {][m-\-ambn c£n-Xm-¡-
fnÂ\n¶pw ]ncn-ªn-cn-¡m-\pÅ t]Snbpw kvIqfn t]mIm³ Xmev]-cy-an-Ãm-bva-bp-amWv
Ip-h-cp-¶-Xv.
e£-W-§Ä
1. c£m-IÀ¯m-¡-fn \n¶v amdn \nev¡p-t¼mÄ Akzm-`m-hnI s]cp-amäw
ImWn-¡p-I.
2. kvIqfn t]mIm³ t]Sn, AIm-cW `bw, \nb{´n-¡m-\m-hm¯ k¦-Sw, AS-
§n-bn-cn-¡m¯ kz`m-hw, aäpÅ-hsc ieyw-sN-¿Â.
3. Akm-[m-c-W-amb Xe-th-Z-\, hb-dp-th-Z-\,...... Dd-¡-an-Ãm-bva, ZpÊz-]v\w.
4. {i²-¡p-d-hv, ]Tn- -¯n-epÅ {]iv\-§Ä, Häs -Sm-\pÅ B{K-lw, hr¯n-
lo-\-X, \mWw.
hnjmZ tcmKw
hnjmZ tcmK-amWv Ip«n-I-fn Ip-h-cp¶ asämcp am\-knI tcmKw. Cu tcmK-_m-[,
am\-knI shÃp-hn-fn-bmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p-Ibpw hnZym-`ym-k-t -bpw, sXmgn-ens\bpw
kmaqly Pohn-X-s -bp-sams¡ sXämbn kzm[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
e£-W§Ä
1. Ifn-bnepw Iq«p-Im-cnepw Xmev]-cy-an-Ãm-bva.
2. {i²bpw DuÀÖ-hp-an-Ãm¯ Ah-Ø.
3. hni-¸n-Ãm-bva, `mc-¡p-d-hv, Dd-¡-an-Ãm-bva, \ncm-im-t_m-[w, Bß-lXym {]h-
W-X.
4. kz`mh sshI-ey-§Ä, sshIr-X-§Ä, el-cn-tbm-SpÅ A`n-hm-©.
{i²m-tem] A{Xn-{Inbm {Ia-`wKw (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder)
Ata-cn-¡³ ssk¡m-{Sn-¡v AtÊm-kn-tb-j³, Cu Ah-Øsb {i²m-tem] {Ia-
`wKw þ Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) F¶mWv hnfn-¡p-¶Xv.
24
e£-W-§Ä
- þ hf-cp-t¼mÄ Ip«n-bpsS {i²-tim-jn¨v {]iv\-§Ä Dm-Ip-I. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v,
HcpImcyhpw ]qÀ¯n-I-cn-¡m-\m-hm-Xn-cn-¡p-I.
- þ Aan-Xm-thi {]h-W-X, AXm-b-Xv, Dug-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v £a-tbmsS Imcy-§Ä
sN¿m-\m-hm¯ Ah-Ø.
- þ AXn-{In-bX AYmhm kzØ-am-bn-cn-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-¡p-I.
6. ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`wKw (Learning Disorders)
]T-\-ssh-Ieyw (Learning Disorder) F¶ ]Zw s]mXpsh C¶v D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-Im-
Wp-¶n-Ã, ]Icw ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`wKw (Learning Disorders) F¶-Xm-Wv, Cu taJ-e-bn-
epÅ hnZ-Kv²-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n IqSp-X A`n-Im-ay-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p ImWp-
¶Xv. hmb\, kwkm-cw, Fgp-¯v, tIÄhn, KWnXw, kaq-l-¯n-epÅ CS-s]-SÂ F¶o
Imcy-§-fn Akm-[m-c-WXzw s]mXp-hmbn Ch-cn Is-¶p-h-cmw. {][m-\-ambpw
tI{µ-\m-Uo-hyq-l¯nsâ (Central Nervous System) {]hÀ -\- n-epÅ Akm-[mc-W-Xz-
amWv ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-K-¯n\v {][m-\-tl-Xp. asäÃm akvXn-jvI-sh-Ãp-hn-fn-I-fp-
tSbpw Imc-W-§Ä Xs¶-bm-Wv, s]mXpth ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-K- n\pw Imc-W-
ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv.
]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xv, ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-Kw, XojvW-amb Ah-Ø-bnÂ
XpSÀ -bmbn \ne-\n-ev¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, CXv _p²n-]-c-amb k¦nÀ® {]iv\-§Ä¡v
`mhn-bn CS-bm-¡n-tb-¡mw F¶mWv. F{Xbpw t\ct¯ {]iv\w Xncn- -dn-ªv,
hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, hen-b-tXm-Xn-epÅ KpW-]-c-amb
amä-§Ä hyàn-I-fn krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, k¼qÀ®-am-bn-¯s¶ kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-
[m-c-bn-te¡v Chsc DÄs¸-Sp-¯m-\p-am-hpw. ]e-t¸mgpw Akm-[m-cW tijn-bpÅ anSp-
¡-·m-cm-hm-\pÅ ssh`hw Ch-cn-ep-s-¶-Xm-Wv, bmYmÀ°yw.
e£-W-§Ä-
þ {i²n¡p-¶-Xn\pw {i²-tI-{µo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {]bmkw
þkmaqly CS-s]-S-en-epÅ {]iv\-§Ä
25
þ £a-bn-Ãmbva
þ [mc-Wm-ti-jn-bnse {]iv\-§Ä
þ `mjm kwkm-c-ta-J-e-bnse _p²n-ap-«p-IÄ
þ kzØ-X-bn-Ãmbva
þ hmb-\, A£-c-§-fpsS icn-bmb D]-tbm-Kw, IW-¡p-sN-¿pI F¶n-h-bn
epÅ {]iv\-§Ä sImv ]T-\-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø.
þ imcocnI {]hÀ -\-§-fn-epÅ \nb-{ -W-an-Ãmbva F¶nh It-¡mw.
ChnsS ]cm-aÀin-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ]T\ hn`m-K-§-fm-b, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw,
skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶n-
hsb tIc-fnb kml-N-cy-¯n ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ kaq-l-¯n-en-h-cpsS AwK-kwJy
F{X-sb¶v IrXy-ambn ]d-bm³ Ign-bn-Ã. Nne ]T-\-§-sfms¡ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv,
hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS CS-bn ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`wKw (Learning Disorders) A`n-ap-Jo-Icn-¡p-¶-
h-cpsS IW¡v Xs¶ sR«n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-sW-¶m-Wv. sNdnb tXmXn-epÅ ]T-\-]-c-amb
{Ia-`wKw XpS§n XnjvW-amb ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bn-ep-Å-h-sc-IqSn DÄs¸-Sp-
¯n-bm Gähpw Npcp-§n-bXv kvIqÄ hnZymÀ°n-I-fn AhÀam{Xw ]¯v iX-am-\-ap-
s-¶m-Wv IW¡v. AtX-t]m-se-bm-Wv, ssiih at\m-tcm-K- nsâ Ah-Ø, IrXy-amb
IW-¡p-IÄ H¶pw e`y-a-sÃ-¦n-epw, Akm-[m-c-W-amb tXmXn Ip«n-I-fn at\m-tcmK
e£-W-§Ä {]I-S-am-hp-¶p-sh-¶v, inip-a-t\m-tcmK hnZ-Kv²À hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶p. GXm-
bmepw akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS \nc-¡v, P\-kw-Jy-
bnÂ, Gähpw Npcp-§n-b-Xv, aq¶v iX-am-\-sa¶v IW-¡m-¡n-bm t]mepw tIc-f-¯nÂ
Ch-cpsS AwK-kw-Jy, `bm-\-I-am-Wv. F«v e£-¯n\pw H³]Xp e£-¯n-\p-ap-S-bnÂ
hyàn-IÄ, Cu {]iv\w t\cn-«-\p- -hn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v XoÀ -bmbpw Icp-tX-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
tIcfw t]mepÅ kwØm-\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v CsXmcp henb AwK-kw-Jy-bm-Wv. tIc-
fob PohnX kml-N-cys¯ `mhn `bm-\-I-amb Ah-Ø-bn-te¡v XÅn-hn-Sm³ X¡-
h®w Kpcp-X-c-amb Cu Ah-Ø-Isf ASn-b-´nc {]m[m-\y-t¯msS ]cn-K-Wn-¡pI
F¶-Xv, asä-´n-t\-¡mfpw {][m-\-s¸« kmaqly D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.
26
tIkv ÌUn-
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ipªp-§Ä IpSpw-_-¯n-ep-m-Ip-t¼mÄIpSpw-_mw-K-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Xo{h-th-Z-\-sb-¡p-dn-¨v, s]mXp kaq-l-¯n\vC\nbpw A{X-am{Xw t_m²yw h¶n-«n-Ã. C¯cw IpSpw-_-§sf s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v DbÀ¯n-s¡m-p-h-cn-I-sb-¶-Xv, Dt±-in-¡p-¶-t]mse A{Xefn-X-hp-a-Ã. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-apÅ Ipªn\v aäv imco-cnI shÃp-hn-fn-I-fmb AÔ-X, _[n-c-X, Ne\ ]c-an-Xn-IÄ F¶nh A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-sc-t¸m-se,kmaq-ly-amb AwKo-Imcw s]s«¶v e`y-am-Im-¯Xnsâ ImcWw A{X-b-[nIwap³hn[nIÄ, sXämb hnizm-k-§Ä, Ch-cpsS Pohn-Xs¯ hÃmsX ]cnan-X-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XpsIm-m-Wv.
~H¶n-e-[nIw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÅ Ip«n-IÄ Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nÂX-s¶, F¶-Xv, \ap¡v k¦-ev]n-¡m-\m-hp-¶-Xnsâ A¸p-d-¯pÅ Zpc-´-am-Wv. Cu Zpc-
-hpw, kmaq-ly-amb ]cn-K-W\ e`n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡epw H¶n-¨m-hp-t¼mÄ, B IpSpw-_-¯nsâ ssiYneyw ]qÀ®-am-hpw. A -c-samcp A\p- -h-am-Wv, tImgn-t¡m-s« cho-{µ³ amjn-tâ-Xv. cho-{µ³ amjn-sâbpw `mcy im´-Ip-am-cn-bp-sSbpw aq¶v Ip«n-Ifpw_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. aq¶p-t]cpw Xo{h-þ-XojvW _p²n-amµy hn`m-K-¯n s]«-h-cpw. A[ym-]-I-\mb amjnsâ Pohn-Xw, sa -s¸« \ne-bnÂapt¶m«v t]mIp-t¼m-gm-Wv, BZy-Ip-«n-bpsS P\-\w. BZy Ipªv, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-ap-Å-Xm-sW¶v Xncn- -dn-bm³ hf-sc-tbsd sshIn. Ipªnsâ ]cn-N-c-Ww, {]bm-k-I-camsW¶v Xncn- -dn-ª-t¸mÄ, im -Im-amcn Xsâ tPmen th-¶psh¨p. Imc-Ww, Ipªnsâ ]cn-N-c-Whpw tPmenbpw H¶n-¨p-sIm-p-t]m-Im³km[y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
injy-·m-cpsS CSbn Gsd {]nb-s¸-«-h-\m-bn-cp¶ cho-{µ³am-jv, Xm³XpSÀ¶p-h¶ s]mXp-{]-hÀ -\hpw kmaqly CS-s]-S-ep-sam-s¡, Cu Ipªp-Im-cWw Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-\m-bn. Imc-Ww, Hcp \nan-jw-t]mepw AS-§n-\n-ev¡m¯ {]Ir-Xw, hnIr-Xn, tcmK-]o-V... PohnXw Akz-Ø-X-bpsS Aán Fcn-bp¶ s\cn-t¸m-Sm-bn. BZy B¬Ip-ªn-\p-tijw cv s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ. Gsd Ign--ªXn\p tij-am-Wv, sR«n-¸n-¡p¶ bmYmÀ°yw chn-{µ³ amjnsâ IpSpw_w Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xv, B Ip«n-Ifpw _p²n-amµyw DÅ-h-cm-sW-¶v. Hcp km[m-cW IpSpw-_-¯n\pw DÄs¡m-Åm-\m-hm¯ `oI-c-amb bmYmÀ°yw! kzt_m-[-t¯m-sS, ]nSn-¨p-\n-ev¡m-\m-hm-sX, Ipªp-§-fpsS A½, at\m-hn-{`m-´n Hcp Bizm-k-sa-¶-t]mseA`bw tXSn. cho-{µ³ amjnsâ IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw BsI XInSw adn-ªp. F¶n«pwamjv AXv`pXm-h-l-amb Xc-¯n ]nSn-¨p-\n-¶p. bmYmÀ°y§fp-ambn ka-c-k-s¸-«v,Ip«n-I-fpsS NnInÂk, ]cn-io-e-\w, `mcy-bpsS NnInÂk FÃmw \Ã-co-Xn-bn \S-¯n.AXn-\nsS km¼-¯n-I-ambn ]qÀ®-ambn XIÀ¶p. hnSpw Øe-hp-sams¡ hnämWv`oa-amb NnInÂkbv¡v hgn tXSn-b-Xv.
cho-{µ³ amjntâbpw IpSpw-_-¯n-sâbpw BsI hcp-am-\w, A[ym-]-I-tPm-en-bn \n¶pw e`y-amb i¼fw am{Xw. \à \ne-bn Pnhn¨ncp¶ IpSpw-_w, hmSI
27
ho«n-te¡v Xmakw amäm³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-cm-bn. A§s\ PohnXw ASn-t¨Â¸n¨sImSnb
{Zpc- -§-fpsS BSn-D-e-b-enepw Akm-am-\y-amb a\:Êm¶n-[y-t¯msS cho-{µ³amjvA[ym-]I tPmenbpw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn apt¶m-«p-t]m-bn. amjv tPmen-bnÂ\n¶pw ]cn-ªp. tPmen-bnÂ\n¶pw hnc-an-¡p-t¼mÄIn-«nb ]W-sam-¶pw, `oa-amb ISw ho«m³ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-Ã. a\;kvXm]-§-fpsS k¦-S-¡-S-enÂ, F¶n«pwamjv ]nSn-¨p-\n-ev¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. a¡sf Bhpw-hn-[-¯n ]cn-N-cn-¨p. kvs]jyÂkvIqfp-I-fn ]Tn-¸n-¨p. `mcysb NnInÂkn-¨p. AXn-\n-sS--bmWv Hcp tdmU-]-I-S-¯nÂs]«v cho-{µ³amjv i¿m-h-ew-_n-bm-Ip-¶-Xv. Pohn-Xs¯ Zpc´w ]nSn-hn-SmsX ]n´p-S-cp-t¼mgpw Xf-cmsX ]nSn-¨p-\n¶ amjv, ]n¶o-sSm-cn-¡epw t_m[-¯n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-¶-tX-bn-Ã. AXn-\nsS `mcy im´-Ip-am-cnbpw at\m-tcmKw apÀÑn¨vtemI-t¯mSv hnS-]-d-ªp. aq¶p-a-¡Ä, H¶pw Xncn- -dn-bm-\m-Im-sX, A\m-Y-Xz-¯nsâ thZ-\bpw ]nS-¨n-ep-a-dn-bm-sX, GsXm-s¡tbm A\mY aµn-c-§-fn hkn-¡p-¶p. _p²n-am-µy-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ Hcp Pohn-X-s¯, IpSpw-_-s¯, F§ns\thtcmsS ]pgp-sX-dn-bp-¶p-sh-¶-Xnsâ hnh-c-W-am-Wv, cho-{µ³ am-jnsâ Pohn-Xw.Cu IpSpw-_-¯n\v kmaq-ly-ambn Hcp ]cn-KW-\bpw e`y-am-bn-Ã. Hcp-]-s£,kvt\l-¯nsâ Hcp lkvX-Zm-\w, Imcp-Wy-¯nsâ Hcp Ic-pXÂ, Hcp kam-izm-kw,henb tXmXn C¯cw IpSpw-_-§sf klm-bn-¡pw.
28
A²ym-bw-þ2
t\c-s -I-s -¯Â (Early Identification / Early Detection)
GXv ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bp-tSbpw {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-amb `mK-amWv {]iv\w
t\cs¯ Is- pI F¶-Xv. icn-bmb coXn-bn akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä
Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\v, imkv{Xo-bhpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hp-amb Ht«sd aps¶m-cp-¡-§Ä A\n-hm-cy-
am-Wv. akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw t\cs¯ Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-saÃmw
hnI-knX cmPy-§Ä A\p-hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ kao]-\w, hfsc amXrIm-]-c-am-Wv. P\n-XI
Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, bph-Xo-bp-hm-¡Ä¡v kvIqÄ Xe-¯n \ÂIp¶ t_m[-h¡-cWw,
A -Sn-þ-Zr-iy-þ-ssk-_À am[y-a-§-fn-eqsS \S-¯p¶ hym]I {]Nm-cW-§Ä F¶n-h-
sbÃmw hfsc Kuc-h-ambn \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v. akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä Dm-hp-¶-Xn-\pÅ
hnhn[ Imc-W-§Ä, t\ct¯ Xncn- -dnªv ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v hfsc hym]-I-amb
t_m[-h¡-cWamWv AhnsS \S-¯p-¶Xv. P\n-X-I-amb {]iv\-§Ä¡v km[y-X-
bpÅ IpSp-_-§-fn P\-änIv Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, akvXnjvI tcmK-§-fpsS km[y-X-IÄ
CÃm-Xm-¡m-\pÅ {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§Ä, F¶n-h-sbÃmw IqSp-X Pm{K-X-tbmsS \S-¸m-
t¡--Xp-v.
sshZy-imkv{X cwK-¯v, kmt¦-XnI hnImkw AXy-Ûp-X-I-c-am-bmWv \S-¶p-h-
cp-¶-Xv, P\n-X-I-imkv{Xw (Genetics), ssPhkmt¦-Xn-IX (Bio Technology), \mt\m-km-
t¦-Xn-IX (Nano Technology), hn¯ptImi kmt¦-Xn-IX (Stem Cell Technology)
XpS§nbh henb Xpd-Êp-I-fmWv tcmK-¯n-sâbpw sshI-ey-¯n-sâbp-sams¡ ]cn-lm-
c-amÀ¤-§Ä¡v A\p-h-Zn¨p \evIp-¶-Xv. `mhn, henb {]Xym-i-Ifpw {]Xo-£-Ifpw
\evIp-¶p. t\c-t¯, {]iv\w Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\v, imkv{X-þ-km-t¦-XnI hnIm-k-¯nsâ
Ah-k-c-§Ä KpW-]-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ Imcy-¯n kwi-b-sam-¶p-an-
Ã. sshI-ey-ta-Xp-an-Ãm-¯, a\p-jy-P-\-\-s -¡p-dn-¨pÅ sshZy-imkv{X k¦-ev]-§Ä
tIhew `mh-\-I-f-Ã, bmYmÀ°y-am-hp-¶Xv Xs¶-bm-Wv.
29
sshZy-im-kv{X-cw-K-¯v, tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp¶ taJ-e-
bn Dm-¡n-sb-Sp-t¡-, ap³Icp-X-ep-IÄ Fs´-ÃmamWv? {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§-fn-eq-sSbpw
icn-bm-b-Nn-InÂkm ]²-Xn-bn-eq-sS-bp-sa-Ãmw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-Å-hÀ Dm-
hp¶ kml-Ncyw F§s\ Hgn-hm¡mw? C¶v \½psS Bip-]-{X-In-fnÂ, {]Xn-
tcm[ amÀ¤-§-Ä kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnepw t\cs¯ Xnc- -dn-bp¶ Imcy-¯n-ep-saÃmw Ht«td
]cn-an-Xn-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p. Gähpw ]c-a-{]-[m-\-ambn hnZ-Kv²À Nqn-¡m-«n-b-Xv, sshZy-
im-kv{X-]-T\ ]²-Xn-bnÂ, hnI-emw-K-]-T-\s¯ (Disability Studies) IqSp-XÂ Bg-¯nÂ
a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-Ncyw krjvSn-¡-Ww F¶mWv. Hm«n-kw, ÌÀPv sh_À
kn³t{Umw XpS-§n-bht]mepÅ AXn-Kp-cp-X-c-amb akvXnjvI {]iv\-§sf kw_-
Ôn¨v \½psS sshZy-ta-J-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡pÅ Adnhpt]mepw Xptemw ]cn-
an-X-am-sW¶v tUmIvSÀamÀXs¶ k½-Xn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\mbn sshZy-imkv{X ]mTy-]-²-
Xn-bnepw t\gvknwKv ]T-\-]-²-Xn-bn-epw, ]mcm-sa-Un-¡Â ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn-ep-sam-s¡, hnI-
emwK ]T\w (Disability Studies) Hcp {][m\ t]¸-dmbn ]cn-K-Wn¨v ]cn-io-en¸n-¡-Ww.
Cu hnj-b-¯n B[p-\nI Ah-t_m[w \½psS sshZy-im-kv{X-k-aq-l-¯n\v Dm-¡n-
sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ kXzc \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-t¡--Xp-v.
AwK³hm-Sn þ {]nss{]-adn A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\-¯nÂ, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb
shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v {]tXy-In¨v ]mT-§fpw Ah t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bm-\pÅ
{]mtbm-KnI amÀ¤-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-t - -Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AXn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kXz-
c-ambn kzoI-cn-t¡--Xp-v. akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä aqe-apÅ am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-
amb ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw icn-bmb coXn-bn XpSÀ tkh-\-
§Ä, {]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw, _lp-ssh-ZKv²y kao-]\w
(Multi Disciplinary Approach) kzoI-cn-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, ]c-a-{]-[m-\-am-Wv.
sshZy-imkv{X hnZ-Kv²-cm-b, \yqtdm-f-Pn-Ìv, inip at\m-tcm-K-hn-Z-Kv²³,
iniptcmK-hn-Z-Kv²³, ^nkn-bm-{Sn-Ìv, sskt¡m-f-PnÌv apX-emb hnZ-Kv²sc Gähpw
Ipd-ª-Xv, Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn- Xew apX-se-¦nepw \ntbm-Kn-t¡- -Xv, AXym-h-iy-am-
Wv. ]e-t¸mgpw GsX-¦nepw Hcp hnZ-Kv²sâ \nco-£-W-¯nepw NnInÂk-bnepw am{Xw,
]cn-N-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Ipªnsâ hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡-s -SmsX t]mhp-I-tbm,
AXp-sImv Xs¶ Ipªn-\m-h-iy-amb {]iv\ ]cn-lmc amÀ¤-§Ä \S-¸n-em-hm-sXtbm
30
hcp-¶p. F{Xbpw t\c-s¯, {]iv\w Is- pI F¶-Xn-\À°w, `mhn-bn \njv^-e-
amb AsÃ-¦n _m[y-X-bmbn amdp¶ Hcp P\-\-s¯, {Inbm-ß-I-ambn kw`m-
h\ \evIm-hp¶ ]uc-Xz-¯n-te¡v DbÀ¯pI F¶-XmWv.
_p²n-am-µyw, Hm«nkw apX-emb {]iv\-§Ä ]e-t¸mgpw t\cs¯ Is-¯msX
t]mhp¶ kml-N-cy-amWv \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xv. hnZ-Kv²-cpsS A`m-h-am-Wv, Gähpw {][m\
{]iv\w. tIc-f-¯nse {Kma-{]-tZ-i-§-fnse km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb P\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨v,
AhÀ Ah-ew-_n-¡p¶Xv s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy tI{µ-§-sf-bm-Wv. Fs´ms¡ ]cn-an-Xn-
IÄ Bt£-]n-¨mepw kÀ¡mÀ \nb-{ -W- n-epÅ BtcmKy tI{µ-§-fn-epÅ P\-hn-
izmkw C¶pw \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. kuP-\y -Nn-InÂkbpw acp-¶p-sam-s¡, tIc-f- nse
Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bpsS {]kàn temI {i²-bn-te¡v sImp-h-cm³ klm-bn-¨p. kzImcy
Bip-]-{Xn-Ifpw \½psS s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy taJe-bn khn-tij ]¦mfn¯w hln-¡p-
¶p-v. hnZ-Kv²-cpsS A]-cym-]vX-X, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«nkw XpS-§nb {]iv\-§Ä
t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v XS-Ê-ambn tIc-f- n \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v.
akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä aqe-apÅ sshI-ey-§-sfm-gn¨v aäpsshI-
ey§-fmb AÔ-X, _[n-c-X, imco-cnI sshI-ey-§Ä F¶n-h-bp-sS-sbÃmw \nc-¡p-IÄ
KWy-amb tXmXn Ipd-bv¡m³ BtcmKy taJ-e-bpsS hnZ-Kv²-amb kmaqly CS-s]-S-
en-eqsS tIc-f-¯n\v Ign-ªp. AtXmsSm¸w hym]I {]Xn-tcm[ Ip¯n-sh¸pw aäv ]
²-Xn-Ifpw \Ã-tXm-Xn C¯cw sshI-ey-§-fpsS km[y-Xsb Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-
bn-¨p. ]s£, AXv`pX-I-c-amb bmYmÀ°yw B[p-\nI imkv{X-km-t¦-XnI hnIm-k-
¯n-\n-S-bnepw akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶p F¶X-m-Wv.
akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§fpw sshI-ey-§fpw hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xnsâ Imc-W-
ambn hnZ-Kv²À ]d-bp-¶-Xv, \sÃmcp iX-am\w (G-Xmv 35 iX-am-\w) Imc-W-§fpw
C¶pw AÚm-X-am-sW-¶m-Wv. Nne Imc-W-§Ä¡v {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§Ä ^e-{]-Z-am-
hm-sXbpw hcp-¶p. s]mXpsh kaq-l-¯n IqSp-X NÀ -sN-¿-s -Sp¶ Hcp {]iv\-
am-Wv, Hm«n-kw. ]¯p hÀjw ap¼v, ]Xn-\m-bncw Ip«n-IÄ P\n-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn-sem-
cmÄ¡v Hm«nkw kvs]Iv{Sw UntkmÀUÀ (ASD) Dm-hp-¶p F¶m-bn-cp-¶p IW¡v, ]
t£ Ct¸mÄ temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\- ]d-bp-¶-Xv, Hmtcm 88 P\\-¯n Hcp Hm«nkw
Dm-Ip¶p F¶m-Wv. Is-¯p¶ \nc¡v IqSn-b-Xm-Wv Cu hÀ²-\-hn\v Hcp Imc-W-ambn
31
hnZ-Kv²À Nqn-¡m-«p-t¼mÄX-s¶, {Iam-Xo-X-amb Cu hÀ²\hn\p-Im-c-Ww, ]mcn-Øn-Xn-
I, kmaq-ly-þ-am-\-knI {]iv\-§-fm-sW¶v Nne hnZ-Kv²À hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶p. GXm-
bmepw Cu hnj-b-¯nÂ, \nc¡v hÀ²n-¡p-¶p-sh¶ `bm-\I bmYmÀ°yw `mhn-bnÂ
Kpcp-X-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bm-¡p-sa¶v Xs¶-bm-Wv Icp-tX-Xv.
tIc-fw-t]m-se, Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bnÂ, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb henb kw`m-h-\-IÄ
\ÂInb kaqlw Cu A]-ISap\-¼n\v ap¶n ]I-¨p-\n¡p-¶-Xn\v ]I-cw, IrXy-amb
imkv{Xob At\z-j-W-§Ä¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-¡-Ww. CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Kth-jW
Øm]-\-§Ä F{Xbpw thKw Bcw-`n-¡pI F¶-XmWv {][m-\-s¸« Npa-X-e.
tIc-f- nÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw,
ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶o taJ-e-I-fn-se, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-hp-ambn
_Ô-s¸«v Kth-j-Wm-[n-jvTnX-amb Hcp Øm]-\w, XpS-§p-I-sb-¶-Xv, Gähpw A\n-hm-
cy-am-sW-¶v, ASn-h-c-bn-Sp¶ A\p- -h-§-fm-Wv, s]mXp-hn tIc-f-¯n At§m-f-an-
t§m-f-apÅ knän-wKp-I-fnÂ\n¶pw {]tXy-In-¨v, Cu cwKs¯ Kth-j-I-sc-bpw, saUn-
¡Â hnZ-Kv²-sc-bp-sams¡ ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v \S-¯nb inev]-im-e-I-fnÂ\n¶pw Dcp-¯n-
cnª A`n-{]m-b-§-fnÂ\n¶v t_m[y-am-b-Xv Kth-jW Øm]-\-§Ä XpS-§p-¶Xv
aqew A´ÀtZ-iob Xe-¯n-epÅ ]T-\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Adnhv Fä-hpw-thKw,
kaq-l-¯n-se-¯n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. Cu dnt¸mÀ«n \nÀt±-in¨ kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-
{µs¯ Cu taJ-e-bnse B[n-Im-cnI Kth-j-W-tI-{µ-ambn hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-XmWv KpW-
I-c-am-Ip-I.
akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n ka-b-
¯n-\mWv, \nÀ®m-bI {]k-àn-. F{Xbpw t\c-s¯, H«pw sshIm-sX, hnZ-Kv²-tk-
h\w Dd-¸m-¡p-t¼mÄ, IqSp-XÂ, Ign-hp-Å, {Inbm-ti-jn-bpÅ hyàn-I-fmbn Ahsc
hfÀ¯m-\pw, Ah-cpsS `mhn Pohn-Xw, {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-¡m\pw Ign-bpw. AXp-sIm-p-
Xs¶ C¡m-cy-¯n Ct¸mÄ \ne-\n¡p¶ Dt]-£, Ime-hn-fw-_w, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb
sXämbn Ncn{Xw hymJy-\n-¡m-\nS-bp-v. akvXnjvI kw_-Ôamb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-
hÀ Hä-t\m-«-¯n Zriy-c-Ãm- -Xp-sImpw ]e {]iv\-§fpw kmam-\y-ambn Xncn- -dn-bm³
Ign-bm¯ hnj-b-am-b-Xp-sImpw s]mXpsh t\ct¯ Xncn- -dn-ªv, hnZ-Kv²-amb ]cn-io-
e\w e`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-Ncyw DmIp-¶n-Ã.
32
]e-t¸mgpw Xncn- -dn-ªm Xs¶-bpw, hymP NnInÂk-IÀ, hnizmk NnInÂk-
IÀ XpS§n ]e-cp-sSbpw \nb-{´-W§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am-hp-Ibpw sImSnb Nqj-W-¯n\v
Cc-bm-hp¶ kml-N-cyhpw Dv. CXv Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m³, \ne-hn-epÅ \nb-a-¯nsâ hIp-
¸p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v ià-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-I-tbm, \nb-a-¯nsâ hIp-¸p-
IÄ¡v, C¯cw Nqj-Isc \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw in£n¡p-¶-Xn\pw {]m]vXn-bn-sÃ-¦n ]
pXnb \nbaw Xs¶ Dm-¡p-Itbm sN¿m³ kÀ¡mÀ ap³ssI FSp-¡-Ww. Aim-kv{Xo-
b-amb Hcp CS-s]-S-en\pw Dulm-t]m-l-§-fpsSbpw Ah-Imi hmZ-§-fp-tS-bp-saÃmw
t]cn \S-¯p¶ NnInÂk-bv¡-psam-¶pw, Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯n CSw \evIm-\pÅ
kml-Ncyw Dm-I-cp-Xv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sshI-ey-¯nsâ tXmXv \nÀ®-bn-
¡p-I-sb-¶Xv hfsc k¦oÀ®-amb {]{In-b-bm-b-Xp-sImv amXm-]n-Xm-¡sf kw_-
Ôn¨v ]e _p²n-ap-«p-Ifpw t\cn-tS-n-h-cp-¶p. aäp shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s -Sp-¯p-
t¼mÄ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpsS sshI-eym-hØ Ipd-bp-¶tXm (Regressive)
IqSp-¶tXm (Progressive) AÃ, Cu ØnXn-hn-tijw ]cn-K-Wn¨v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-
fn-IÄ \nÀ®bn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ coXn-IÄ eLq-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw A`n-Im-ayw. _p²n-am-
µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\
sshIeyw F¶n-§s\ {]iv\-\nÀ®-b-¯n\v (Assessment) {]mam-WnI (Standardised) ]cn-
tim-[\m amÀ¤-§Ä \ne-hn-ep-Å-h-bv¡v, DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, _p²n-am-µy-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v
ADPMR (Assessement of Disability in Persons with Mental Retardation), ssiih at\m-tcm-K-
¯ns\ kw_-Ôn¨v IDEAS (Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment) AtX-t]mse Hm«n-
k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ISSA (Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism) F¶n-h-IqSn D]-tbm-
Kn¨v, {]iv\-\nÀ®bw \S-¯p¶ {]{In-b-IÄ F§s\ eLq-I-cn-¡m-sa¶v Btcm-Ky-h-Ip-
¸nse hnj-b-hn-Z-Kv²À ]p\-cm-tem-Nn-¡-Ww.
AtXm-sSm¸w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fn Xs¶, Ønc-ambn \ne-\n-ev¡p¶
Ah-Ø-I-fmb _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o
{]iv\m-h-Ø-IÄ Ipd-bp-¶tXm (Regressive) IqSp-¶tXm (Progressive) Asöv
imkv{Xn-b-ambn hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xp-sIm-v, Cu hn`m-Ks¯ kw_-Ôn-¨v, hnI-emwK kÀ«n-
33
^n-¡-äv, BPo-h-\m-´-Im-e-t¯¡v Ønc-ambn \evIp-¶-XmWv bpàn-k-lw. c£n-Xm-
¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, Ah-cpsS Ip«n-I-sf-bp-ambn hnhn[ Hm^o-kp-I-fn hnI-emwK kÀ«n-
^n-¡-än-\mbn Ib-dn- C-d-§p¶ AhØ Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-tS- -XmWv.
ssiih at\m-tcm-Khpw ]T\ sshI-ey-hp-am-Wv, Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xnepw
hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ Dd-¸p-\-evIp-¶-Xnepw akvXnjvI {]iv\-§-fnÂXs¶ ]nt¶m¡w
\nev¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä. BZyta, hnj-bw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-K-Wn¨v Bh-iy-amb
hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ Dd¸v hcp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, IqSp-XÂ k¦oÀ®-amb kml-N-cy-¯n-
te¡v hgp-Xn-t¸m-Im-sX, kzm`m-hnI PohnX-¯n-te¡v Chsc \bn-¡m-\m-Ipw.
ssiihL«-¯n Xs¶, NnInÂk \ÂtI Hcp tcmK-amWv ssiih at\m-
tcmKw. CXv t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn-eqsS `mhn-bn _p²n-ssh-I-ey-¯n-tebv¡pw
at\m-tcm-K-¯n-te¡pw \bn-¡p-¶Xv XS-bm-\m-Ipw. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-¯n\v ]cn-lmc amÀ¤-
§Ä Ah-ew-_n¨v `mhn-bn Dm-Im-\n-SbpÅ _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bn \n¶pw
Ipªp-§sf c£-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pw B-hpw. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶p-sh-
¶v, ]©m-b¯v {]mtZ-inI Xe-¯n t_m[y-s¸-Sp¶ tIkp-IÄ d^À sN¿p-t¼mÄ,
Hmtcm Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn-X-e- n-se-¦nepw kuI-cy-§Ä kÖ-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. _p²n-
am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_ ]mÄkn, ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-§Ä F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ]
cn-lm-c-þ]-cn-io-e\ amÀ¤-§Ä¡v hnhn[ Øm]-\-§-fn-te¡v \nÀt±-in-¡m-sa-¦n-epw, \ne-
hn ssiih at\m-tcm-K- n\v ]cn-lmcw \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ Øm]-\-§-sfm¶pw e`y-a-Ã.
AXp-sIm-pX-s¶, Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn \nÀ_Ô-am-bpw, ssk¡m{Sn hmÀUn-t\m-
S-\p-_-Ôn¨v inip-a-t\m-tcmK Ivfn\n-¡p-IÄ Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw Bh-iy-amb tkh\w
Ip«n-IÄ¡v e`y-am-Ip-¶p-s¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw thWw.
t\ct¯ Is -¯Â þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-sb¶ Kpcp-X-c-amb akvXn-jvI-{]-iv\-apÅ Ip«n-
I-fpsS P\\w XS-bp-¶-Xn\v {]mY-an-I, ZznXo-b, XrXob {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-
§Ä (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Preventive Measures) ià-ambpw Imcy-£-a-
ambpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.
34
KÀ`n-WnI-fmbhÀ¡v BZy-L«w apX IrXy-ambn tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ Ip¯n-
sh-bv¸p-IÄ \ÂIp¶p F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ Bim-hÀt¡gvkv,
tPymXnkv, {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µ¯nse anUvssh^p-amÀ F¶nh-cpsS
tkh\w IqSp-XÂ Imcy-£-a-am-¡Ww.
P·-\m-bpÅ sshI-ey-§Ä Xncn-¨-dnªv hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ¡v
{]tXyIkwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp-¯Ww. ChÀ¡mbn {]tXyI ¢n\n-¡p-IÄ
{]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI{µ§Ä apX XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.
KÀ`-[m-c-W-¯n-\p-ap-¼mbn A½-amÀ¡v P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \ÂIp-¶-
Xn\v {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µw apXÂ Xs¶ kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-
Ww.
Iuam-c-{]m-b-¯n-epÅ B¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw, s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw sshI-ey-
apÅIpªp-§fpmhm-\pÅ km[y-X-Isf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
hnhml]qÀÆ Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, kvIqÄ, tImtfPv Xe-¯n Xs¶ \ÂIp-
¶-Xn\v hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \ne-hn-epÅ GsX-¦nepw GP-³knIsf
Npa-Xes¸Sp- -Ww.
_p²n-amµyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih
at\mtcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶o akvXnjv¡ {]iv\-§Ä {Iam-Xo-X-
ambn hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ tIc-fob kml-Ncyw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-
¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb Kth-j-W-tI{µw tIc-f-¯n Øm]n-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bpsS km{µX \nÀ®-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ \ne-hn-epÅ
{]mam-WnI ]cn-tim-[\m amÀ¤-§Ä ( Standardised Assessment Methods)
IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v \nÀ®-b-coXn F§s\ eLq-I-cn-¡m-sa¶v taJ-e-
bnse hnj-b-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnZ-Kv²-cpambn Atem-Nn-¨v,
imkv{Xobhpw F¶m k¦oÀ®X Ipd-ª-Xp-amb amÀ¤-¯n-eqsS
F{Xbpw thKw shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw hnI-emwK kÀ«n-
^n-¡äv e`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-kcw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn Dm-¡-Ww.
_p²n-amµyw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, Hm«n-kw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o Ah-
Ø-IÄ ]qÀ®-ambpw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¨n-«n-Ãm-
35
-Xn-\mÂ, Cu hn`m-K-¯n\v {]iv\w \nÀ®-bn¨v BPo-h-\m´ hnI-emwK
kÀ«n-^n-¡äv \ÂI-Ww.
tIkv ÌUn-
Hm«nkw _m[n¨ Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn- pÅ s]mXp-[m-cW hnZ-Kv²-cn t]mepw hfsc ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. sshZ-Kv²y-ap-Å-h-cpsS A_-²-[m-c-W-IÄ sImv, {]bm-k-§Ä A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS A\p- -h-§Ä I½o-j\v ap¶n hoi-Zo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p. KpÂj\v Hm«n-k-¯nsâ e£-W-§Ä{]I-S-am-¡-s¸« Zn\w apXÂ, tUmIvSÀam-cnÂ\n¶pw tUmIvS-Àam-cn-te¡v \nc-´c At\z-j-W- n-em-bn-cp¶p c£n-Xm-¡Ä. Akm-[m-c-W-amb coXn-bn-epÅ ssl¸À BIvSn-hn-änbpw Akz-Ø-Xbpw{]I-Sn- n-¡p¶ Ipªv. H«pw AXn-itbm-àn-bn-ÃmsX ]d-ªm Cu khn-ti-jX {]I-S-ambaq¶p hb-Êp-ap-XÂ, C¶v 15 hb-Ên-se-¯n-\n-ev¡p¶ kqZoÀL-amb Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\n-S-bn Hcn-¡Ât]mepw kzØ-X-tbmsS Ign-bm³, c£n-Xm-¡sf A\p-h-Zn- n-«n-Ã.
hnhn[ tUmIvSÀamsc kao-]n-¨p. Atem- Xn tUmIvSÀamÀ, BbpÀtÆZ tUmIvSÀamÀ,tlmantbm tUmIvSÀamÀ, \mS³ NnInÂk XpS§n ]e-Xpw. \nwlm³kv apX sXt¡-C- y-bnseapgp-h³ hnZKv² tI{µ-§-fnepw Ipªp-ambn BgvN-I-tfm-fhpw amk-§-tfm-fhpw ]e-bn-S¯pw Xma-kn-¨p. KpÂjsâ AÑ\pw A½bpw kÀ¡mÀ kÀÆo-kn D¶X DtZymKw hln-¡p-¶-h-cm-b-Xp-sIm-v, km¼- n-I-ambn ]nSn-¨p-\n¡m³ Ign-bp¶p F¶p-am-{Xw. hnZ-Kv²sc tXSn-bpÅ Cu \nc-´c bm{X-Ifpw NnInÂk-Ifpw Ip«n-bn Fs -¦nepw hn[-¯n-epÅ KpW- -e-§Ä Dm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ klm-bn-¨n-«n-Ã. A½bpw AÑ\pw BsI XfÀ¶p. KpÂjsâ tN¨n-bpsS Hcp Imcy- nepwc£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v {i²n-¡ms\ Ign-ªn-«n-Ã.
Ip«n-bnse B{I-anIX (Aggressiveness) Gsd Ak-l-b-\o-b-am-Wv. hoSmsI Cf-¡n-adn¨n«n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ho«p-]-I-c-W§tfms¡ XIÀ -cn-¡p-¶p. Ip«nsb hkv{Xw [cn-¸n-¡m³ t]mepw Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. Ign-ª -IptdhÀj-§-fm-bn, kÀ¡mÀ tPmen-sN-¿p¶ Z¼-Xn-IÄ Dugw-sh- mWv Dd-§p-¶-Xv. Dd-¡-an-Ãmbva Cu Z¼-Xn-I-fpsS Btcm-Kys¯ hÃmsX _m[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. cà k½À±hpw{]ta-lhpw cp-t]-scbpw AXy-[nIw Ae-«p-¶p. Ct¸mÄ Ipd-¨p-Im-e-ambn kvs]jy kvIqfnÂsImp-t]m-Ip¶ kabw am{X-amWv Bizm-kw. cp-t]cpw tPmen¡v t]mIp-t¼mÄ, B kabwkvs]jy kvIqfn sImp-sN-¶m-¡pw. Ah-cpsS Imcp-WyamWv C¶v GI Bizm-kw.
Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v C¶v kPo-h-amb NÀ¨ \S-¡p-t¼mgpw KpÂj-s\-t¸m-epÅ Hm«nkw _m[n-X-sc-¸än Gsd-sbm¶pw ]d-ªp-tIÄ¡p-¶n-Ã. Npcp-§nb Ime NnInÂk-bn-eq-sSbpw AX-sÃ-¦n ]cn-ioe\¯n-eq-sSbpw AXyÂ`p-X-§Ä Iem-]-c-ambpw aäpw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-hÀam{Xta s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯nsâ {i²-bn hcm-dp-Åp. A¯cw anI¨ {]hÀ -\-£-a-X-bp-Å-hsc(High Functioning Autism) BtLm-j-]qÀÆw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mgpw `qcn-]£w hcp¶ KpÂj³am-cpsS{]iv\§Ä¡v ]cn-K-W\ e`y-am-hmsX Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä t\cn-Sp¶ kam-\-X-I-fn-Ãm¯ Zpc- -§Ä Bcpw Adnbp¶n-Ã. C¯cw \nXy {]iv\-Im-cn-I-fmb Ip«n-I-fpsS IqS- n-d-¸p-I-fmb ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-·mcpw aäv IpSpw-_mw-K-§fpw A\p- -hn-¡p¶ {]bm-k-§Ä Bcpw Xncn-¨-dnbs¸-SmsXt]mIp-¶p.
Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v C¶pw At\z-j-W-§Ä ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. Imc-W-sa-s -t¶m, ]cn-lm-c-sa-s´t¶m H¶pw IrXy-ambn ]d-bm³ B[p-\nI imkv{X-¯n\v Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. hn]p-e-amb tXmXn-epÅ At\z-j-W-§fpw Kth-j-W-§fpw temI-amsI Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bn \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-psh-¶-XmWv Bizm-kw.
Hmtcm Hm«nk_m[n-X\pw AXp-ey-\mb hyàn-bm-Wv. AXn-\À°w, asämcp Hm«n-k-apÅIp«n-bp-ambn thsdm-cmÄ¡pw Hcp hn[-¯nepw kam-\-X-I-fn-Ã. GsX-¦nepw ]T\ k{¼-Zm-b-§Ä
36
FÃm Hm«nk _m[n-XÀ¡pw- Hcp-t]mse ^e-{]-Z-ambn In-«n-Ã. Adnª A\p- -h-§fpw ]Tn¨ ]mT-§-fp-sam-¶pw, Hm«nk_m[n-X-sc, ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw D]-bp-à-am-I-W-sa-t¶-bn-Ã. CXv hÃm-s¯mcp shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. tUmIvSÀamsc kw_-Ôn¨v AhÀ Hcp Hm«nk _m[n-X\p \ÂIp¶ acp¶v asäm-cmÄ¡v KpW-I-c-ambn `hn-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, NnInÂk, ]cn-io-e\w FÃmw-Xs¶ Hm«n-k-_m-[n-Xsc kw_-Ôn¨v A{X efn-X-ambn ssIImcyw sN¿m-hp¶ hnj-b-§-f-Ã. Nne-t¸mÄ Gsd Znh-k-§-fpsS {ia-^-e-ambn am{X-ta, sNdnb Hcp Imcyw t]mepw ]Tn- n-s¨-Sp-¡p-hm³ Ignªp F¶p-h-cn-I-bp-Åq. aäp-Nn-e-t¸mÄ {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Hcp Ip«nsb kw_-Ôn¨v ^e-{]-Z-sa¶v Icp-Xnb amÀ¤-§Ä asämcp Ip«n¡v KpW-I-c-am-I-W-sa-¶n-söv am{X-a-Ã, tZmj-I-c-ambpw kw -hn-t¨-¡mw. ]s£, henb amä-§Ä ]e-cnepw ImWm\pw km[y-X-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p.AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, kq£va-X-tbm-sS-bpÅ Ah-[m-\-X-tbm-sS-bpÅ Kuc-h-]qÀ®-amb kao-]\w Ch-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk Imcy- n AXym-´m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. kqjva-_p-²nbpw AtXm-sSm¸wkaÀ¸W a\-Êp-apÅ ]cn-io-e-Isc Cu taJ-e-bn AXym-h-iy-ambpw \ntbm-Kn-¨mse, Fs -¦nepw^e-{]-Z-amb amäw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eqsS Ip«n¡v BÀÖn-¡m-\m-hq.
kpZoÀLhpw £am-]qÀ®-hp-amb ]cn-N-c-W- n-eq-sS, AÛp-X-I-c-amb amäw Hm«nkw Ip«n-bn Dm-¡n-sb-Sp¯ A\p- -h-amWv sslZ-cm-_mZv kztZ-in-bmb PeP \mcm-b-W\v ]¦p-sh-bv¡p-hm-\p-Å-Xv. IrjvW-\m-cm-b¬ F¶ Ipªv, Hm«n-k-sa¶ akvXnjvI {]iv\w t\cn-Sp-¶-h-\m-sW-¶vXncn-¨-dnª apX {]mÀ°\m \nÀ -c-amb ]cn-{i-a- n-eq-sS, aIs\ hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ {ia-am-bn-cp-¶p. FÃm-hn[ NnInÂk-Ifpw ]co-£n-s¨-¦n-epw, A½-bpsS D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯m-sSbpw kvt\l-t¯m-sS-bp-apÅ kaÀ¸nX Pohn-X- nsâ hnP-b-KmY IqSn-bm-Wv, IrjvW-\m-cm-b¬ F¶ Ip«n-bpsS Pohn-Xw.
kqZoÀL-amb 24 hb-Ên\p tij-am-Wv, IrjvW\mcm-b¬ BZy hm¡p-¨-cn-¡p-¶Xpw ]qÀ®-amb kwkmc tijn BÀÖn-¡p-¶-Xpw. ap³hn-[n-I-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm-sX, akvXn-jvI-sa¶ AXyÂ`p-X-I-chpw Zpcq-lhpw k¦oÀW-hp-amb Ah-b-h- nsâ hnkva-b-I-c-amb km[y-X-IÄ Hcp-\mÄ Ipªn\vHm«n-k-sa¶ AhØ krjvSn¨ XS-hd-bnÂ\n¶pw c£-t\-Sm³ klm-I-c-am-Ip-sa-¶v, BA½bv¡v ]qÀ®-t_m-[y-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ ap³hn-[n-I-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX {]Xym-im-]qÀ®-amb ]cn-N-c-W- nÂ, Ipªns\ hfÀ¨-bpsS Hmtcm ]S-hn-te-¡p-ambn ssI]n-Sn¨p \S¯n. amXr-Xz-¯nsâ DPz-ehpw al-\o-b-hp-amb amXr-I, Pe-P-\m-cm-b¬ F¶ IrjvW-\m-cm-b-Wsâ A½-bnÂXpSn-¨p-\n-¶p.
IrjvW-\m-cm-b-W³ F¶ Hm«nkw _m[n-X-\mb hyàn C¶v ]pkvX-I-§Ä cNn-¡p-¶p.Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\w krjvSn-¡p¶ {]bm-k-§Ä A\p- -h-س Xs¶ hnh-cn-¡p¶ Aß-I-Ymw-i-apÅ ]pkvX-I-amWv "]mgmb {]Xn- -IÄ' (Wasted Talents) F¶-Xv. cm-a-s¯tbm aq¶m-a-s¯tbm ]pkvXI cN-\-bn-emWv C¶v IrjvW-\m-cm-b-W³. 1994  kmln-Xy-¯n-\pÅt\m_Âk-½m\w hm§nb sI³ km_ptdm Hmbv F¶ P¸m³ t\mh-en-Ìnsâ IY-Ifpw t\mh-ep-I-fp-sams¡ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, {][m-\-ambpw lnIm-cn- Hmbv F¶ Xsâ aI-\p-thn At±lw\evInb tkh-\-§-fpsS XymK-]qÀ®-amb A\p- -h-§-fm-Wv. ln¡mcn Hmbv C¶v P¸m-\nÂam{Xaà temI-amsI Adnb-s¸-Sp¶ kwKoX {]Xn- -bm-Wv.
37
A²ym-bw-þ3
t\c-s -bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention)
t\c-s -bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention) F¶Xv ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bnÂ
asämcp kp{]-[m\ L«-am-Wv. icn-bmb coXn-bn Ip«n-Ifnse {]iv\-§Ä Is¯n
Xncn- -dnªv Ign-ªmÂ, ASp- -Xv, GsXm-s¡, hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-I-fm-Wv, Ip«n-bpsS
kÀÆ-tXm-·p-J-amb hnIm-k-¯n\v A\n-hm-cy-sa¶v a\-Ên-em¡n \S-¸m-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
ChnsS ]T-\-hn-j-b-amb _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw,
ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-I-eyw F¶n-h-bvs¡Ãmw s]mXp-hmbn th CS-s]-SÂ
kwhn-[m-\hpw kwLm-S-\hpw AtXm-sSm¸w khn-ti-j-amb CS-s]-SÂ Bh-iy-apÅ
{]iv\-§fpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-tS--Xp-v. s]mXp-sh, Cu {]iv\-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Dm-
hm-\n-S-bpÅ A\p-_Ô ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ
1. imco-cnI Ne-\-§Ä¡pÅ {]bmkw
2. kwkm-c-þ-`mjm {]iv\-§Ä
3. ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS ]cn-anXn
4. s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä
5. BtcmKy {]iv\-§Ä F¶n-h-bm-Wv.
]qPyw apX A©p-h-b-Êp-h-sc-bpÅ Hcp Ime-L-«-¯n-em-Wv, apI-fn kqNn-¸n¨
hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp-t - -Xv. Cusbmcp {]mb-¯nÂ, akvXn-jvI-¯nsâ ]
T-\-tijn IqSp-XÂ kPo-h-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ Ime-L«-am-Wv. Adn-hp-I-fpw, Ign-hp-Ifpw
s]s«¶v ]Sn-s -Sp-¡m-hp¶ {]mbw. {]tXy-In¨v aq¶p-h-b-Êp-h-sc-bpÅ Ime-L«w
akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]bm-k-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v Gsd A\ÀL-amb
L«-am-Wv. CXp-kw_-Ôn¨v \ne-hn-epÅ ]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¡p-¶X-v, aq¶p-h-b-Ên\v
ap¼v {]iv\ ]cn-lm-cmÀ°w hnZKv² CS-s]-S Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦n sshI-ey-
¯nsâ k¦oÀ®X `mhn-bn 80 iX-am\w hsc Ipd-bv¡m-\m-Ip-sa-¶m-Wv.
38
C¶v, \½psS ap¶n-epÅ i¿m-h-ew-_n-I-fm-b, Xo{h-þ-Xo£vW sshI-ey-§Ä t\cn-Sp-
¶-h-sc, A -c-sam-c-h-Ø-bnÂ\n¶p hnap-à-am-¡m-hp¶ kml-N-cy-§Ä Dm-bn-cp-
¶p. ]t£, hnZ-Kv²-cp-tS-tbm, ]Ým- -e-ku-I-cy-§-fp-tStbm A`mhw Imc-Ww,
Ahsc kw_-Ôn-¨v PohnXw, bmX-\m-]qÀÆw XÅn-\o-t¡ _m[y-X-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-
¶p. B[p-\nI L«-¯nÂ, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³ taJ-e-bnÂ, kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS
henb km[y-X-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. Hmtcm hnZKv² taJ-ebpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn
hnImkw {]m]n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ s]mXpsh A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ BtcmKy
{]iv\-§Ä A]kvamcw (Epilepsy), kÀPdn Bh-iy-apÅ sshZy-imkv{X CS-s]-SÂ,
am\-knI tcmK {]iv\-§Ä, aäv Btcm-Ky. {]iv\-§Ä F¶n-h-bm-Wv. A]-kvam-c-sa¶
{]iv\s¯ \tÃm-c-f-hn ]cn-l-cn-¡mt\m \nb-{´n-¡mt\m C¶v Ign-bp-¶p-v. Nne Ip«n-
Isf kw_-Ôn¨v \nc-´cw acp¶p Ign-t¡ kml-N-cy-ap-m-Ipw. A]-kvamcw icn-bmbn
t`Z-s¸-Sp-¯pItbm AsÃ-¦n ]qÀ®-ambpw \nb-{´n¨p \nÀ¯p-Itbm sNbvsX-¦nÂ
am{X-ta, Ip«n¡v aäv hfÀ¨m taJ-e-I-fn-seÃmw AÀ°-]qÀ®-amb hnImkw t\Sn-sb-Sp-
¡m³ Ign-bq. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ sshZy-imkv{X kw_-Ô-amb (\yq-tdm-f-Pn-Ìv) CS-s]-
SÂ F{Xbpw t\cs¯ Dd-¸p-h-cp-t - -Xm-Wv. henb sNehv hcp¶ Kpfn-I-I-fs-Ã-¦n-
epw, C¯cw acp-¶p-I-fpsS \nb-{´nX hnev]\ \ne-\n¡p-¶-Xp-sImv ]e-t¸mgpw ]mh-
s¸« Ip«n-IÄ¡v Cu acp-¶p-IÄ e`y-am-Ip-¶n-Ã. kuP-\y-ambn C¯cw acp-¶p-IÄ
sl¯p-skâ-dp-I-fn-epw, C. Fkv. sF. Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ, {]mtZ-inI Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ
F¶n-h-bn kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-Ip¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ ASn-b-´nc \S-]-
Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn GXmv
40-þ50 iX-am\hpw A]-kvamc _m[-bpsS {]iv\w t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv.
akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn hfsc hym]-I-a-sÃ-¦nepw Ip-
h-cp¶ Hcp {]iv\-am-Wv, aäv shÃp-hn-fn-I-tfm-sSm-¸-apÅ am\-knI tcmKm-h-Ø.
AXn{Inb-X (Hyper Activity), {i²-¡p-d-hpÅ AXn-{In-bX (Attention Deficit Hyper Activity)
XpS-§n-bh. ]e-t¸mgpw acp-¶p-IÄ e`y-am-t¡-p¶ Ah-Ø-I-fm-Wn-Xv. hf-sc-¡p-d¨v
t]Àt¡, C -c-samcp kml-N-cy-ap-Åp-sh-¦nepw acp-¶p-IÄ ChÀ¡v e`y-am-hp¶p F¶v
39
Dd¸p hcp-¯n-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ, ]n¶o-SpÅ Ah-cpsS FÃm L«-§-fn-ep-apÅ hfÀ -Isf
_m[n-¡pw.
akvXn-jvI-¯n-\m-Wv, {]iv\-sa-¶p-Å-Xp-sImpXs¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-
Sp-¶-hÀ aäv imco-cnI Akp-J-§Ä¡v Ffp¸w Iogvs¸-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS
NnInÂk F¶-Xv, Zpc- -¯nsâ BLmXw t]dp¶ c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v Ffp- -a-
Ã. km[m-c-W, Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn aäv Ip«n-Isf NnIn-Âkbv¡v sImp-t]m-Ip¶ t]mse
Chsc sImp-t]m-Im-\m-In-Ã. AXn-{In-b-X, {i²-¡p-dhv aqe-apÅ AXn-{In-bX, s]cp-
amä {]iv\w, A]-I-S-I-c-amb s]cp-am-ä -{]-iv\-§Ä (Violence, Aggresiveness, Self Injurious
in Behaviour) F¶n-h-sImv Hcp sk¡âp-t]mepw Nne-t¸mÄ Cu Ip«n-Isf \nb-{´n-
¡m-\m-hm¯ AhØ c£n-Xm-¡Ä t\cn-Sp-¶p. s]mXp Øe-¯pw A]-cn-NnX Øe-
§-fnepsam-s¡, Cu Ip«n-I-sfbpw sImv NnInÂk-bv¡mbpw aäm-h-iy-§Ä¡mbpw
Im¯n--cn-¡p¶ Ah-Ø, c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v \c-I-Xp-ey-am-Wv. \o Iyqhn\v ]nd-
Ip-h-i¯v C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS khn-tij Ah-Ø-Im-c-Ww, ]nSn-¨p-\n-ev¡pI F¶-Xv,
a\p-jy-km-[y-amb kml-N-cy-a-Ã. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-am-b- {]iv\-§Ä aqe-apÅ Nne
khn-tij Ah-Ø-IÄ, Ip«n-I-fpsS kz`m-h-¯n hnNn-{X-sa¶v tXm¶p¶ {]Xn-I-c-W-
§Ä Dm-¡mw. i_vZ-am-\-amb kmaq-ln-Im-h-Ø, P\-\n-_n-U-amb kml-N-cy-§Ä, A]-
cn-Nn-X-amb Npäp]mSv Ch-sbÃmw Ip«n-I-fn Akm-[m-c-W-amb s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä
krjvSn-¡p¶ Nne {`am-h-Ø-IÄ (Syndromes) Dm¡mdp-v. C¯cw Ip«n-Isf km[m-c-W-\n-
e-bn \nb-{´n-¡m³ t]mepw Ign-bm-sX, c£n-Xm-¡Ä s]mXp Øe-§-fn he-bp-I-
bpw, A]-lm-ky-cm-Ip-I-bpw, aäp-Å-h-cnÂ\n¶v ]gn-tIÄ¡p-I-t]mepw sN¿m-dp- v. AXp-
sIm-p-X-s¶, Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn Chsc hcn-\nÀ¯msX Xs¶, ap³K-W-\bpw ]cn-K-
W-\bpw \ÂIn, F{Xbpw s]«¶v NnInÂkm kuIcyw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ kÀ¡mÀ
{]tXyI D -c-hn-eqsS \nÀt±iw \evtI--Xm-Wv.
akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb Ipªp-§-fpsS FÃm NnInÂkbpw (Hm-¸-td-j-\pÄs -sS)
hcp-am\ ]cn[n t\m¡msX ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-ambn \evIpI F¶Xv, F{Xbpw
s]s«¶v \S-¸m-t¡ Hcp `c-W- Xo-cp-am-\-am-Wv.
^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n F¶-Xv, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\apÅhsc kw_-Ôn¨v
kzm`m-hnI imco-cnI hfÀ¨ t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ A\n-hm-cy-ambpw th Hcp ]cn-io-e\ ]²-
40
Xn-bm-Wv. Bh-iy-¯n-\v, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n skâ-dp-IÄ C¶v kwØm\¯v e`y-a-Ã.
kzImcy Øm]-\-§Ä \S-¯p¶ ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n skâ-dp-IÄ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v
A{]m-]y-am-Wv. t\c-t -Xs¶ ^nkntbm sXdm¸n \evIm-\pÅ kuIcyw Hmtcm
sl¯p-skâ-dp-I-fnepw Gähpw Npcp-§n-bXv Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn Xew-h-sc-sb-¦nepw
Dm-tI--Xp-v. hen-sbmcp km¼- nI _m[yX hcm-¯, C¯cw skâ-dp-I-fn-eq-sS, hen-
sbmcp hn`mKw Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm-\pÅ Ah-kcw DmIpw. {XnXe ]©m-b-
¯p-I-fpsS km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sS, hfsc Ffp-¸-¯n henb km¼-¯nI
_m[yX CÃm-sX, Gähpw AXym-hiy D]-I-c-W-§Ä kwL-Sn-¸n¨v ]©m-b-¯p-IÄ
tXmdpw Hmtcm ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n skâ-dp-IÄ Øm]n-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv H«pw ]W-s -e-th-
dnb Imcy-a-Ã.
Ct¸mÄ tIc-f-¯n kzImcy taJ-e-bn Ht«td ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸ntImgvkp-I-
fpsS ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fp-v. ]t£ kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bnÂ, saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-IÄ
tI{µo-I-cn¨v C¯cw tImgvkp-IÄ XpS-§p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-
Wv.
H¡p-t¸-j-W sXdm¸n F¶-Xv, hnI-emwK ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bn A\p-hm-cy-
ambpw th hnZ-Kv² tkh-\-amWv. B tkh\w ]t£, tIc-f- n AXy-]qÀÆ-amb
Hcp hnZ-Kv²-ta-J-e-bm-Wv. kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bn-epÅ Bip-]-{Xn-I-tfm-S-\p-_-Ôn-
¨pt]mepw H¡p-t -j-WÂ sXdm-¸n-Ìp-Isf \nb-an-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. Hm«nkw
t]mepÅ {]iv\-§Ä hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ, Hm«n-k-ap-Å-hsc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-
¸n-¡p-¶-XnÂ, AXym-hiyw th, hnZ-Kv²-hn-`m-K-sa¶ \nebv¡v H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n-
Ìp-Isf Bh-iy-¯n\v e`y-am-hp¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-I-Ww. kÀ¡mÀ saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-
I-tfm-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v H¡p-t¸-j-W sXdm¸n tImgvkp-IÄ ASn-b-´n-c-ambn kÀ¡mÀ
XpS-t§--Xp-v.
kwkm-c-`mjm {]mhoWyw BÀÖn-¡m-\pÅ ]cn-io-e\w \evIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ hnZKv²
tkh-\-Zm-Xm-¡-fpsS A`m-hw, hf-sc-tb-sd-bmWv tIc-f-¯nÂ. kzImcy taJ-e-bnepw
Xncp-h-\- -]pcw tI{µo-I-cn¨v {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ "\njn'epw Chsc hmÀs -Sp-¡p¶
tImgvkp-Ifp-s-¦nepw AsXm¶pw \ne-hn-epÅ Bhiy§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡-p¶-Xn\v ]
cym-]vXaÃ. `mjm-þ-kw-kmc taJ-e-bnse _ncp-Zþ _ncp-Zm-\-´c tImgvkp-IÄ ]mÊm-b-
41
tijw aäp cmPy-§-fnepw aäv kwØm-\-§-fn-ep-amWv IqSp-XÂ t]cpw F¯n-t -cp-¶-Xv.
tIc-f- n Ahsc kw_-Ôn¨v tkh-\-þ-th-X\ hyh-Ø-I-sfm¶pw H«pw BIÀj-I-a-
Ã. C¯cw hnZ-Kv²-cpsS tkh\w C\n-bp-tasd \½psS kwØm-\-¯nse _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡m-h-iy-ap-v. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, C¯cw hnZ-Kv²sc
Chn-sS-¯s¶ \ne-\nÀ¯m³ tkh-\-þ-th-X\ hyh-Ø-IÄ Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-
jvI-cn-¡p-I-bpw, IqSp-X kÀ¡mÀ Bip-]-{Xn-I-tfm-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v C¯cw s{]m -j-
W tImgvkp-IÄ XpS§n IqSp-X t]sc Cu cwK¯v {]hÀ¯n-¡m-\pÅ Ah-k-c-
sam-cp-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-IWw.
\ne-hnÂ, kzImcy taJe \S-¯p¶ kwkm-c-þ-{i-h-W-þ-`mjm ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä,
km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡pw km¼-¯n-I-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \n¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw A{]m-]y-am-Wv.
Hcp aWn-¡qÀ tkh-\- n\v Xs¶ henb ^okv sImSp-t¡-nhcp-¶p-sh¶v ]e c£n-Xm-
¡fpw Bt£-]-a-dn-bn-¨p. C -c-¯n-epÅ Btcm-Ky-tk-h\ taJ-esb ]qÀ®-ambpw
kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebv¡v am{X-apÅ {]hÀ¯\ tI{µ-ambn amän-\nÀ¯p-¶-Xv, \nÊ-lm-bcpw
Zcn-{Z-cp-amb c£n-Xm-¡sf NqjWw sN¿m-\pÅ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-¡p-¶p- v. kzImcy taJ-
esb Cu cwK-¯v. ]c-am-h[n t{]mÂkm-ln¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ AhÀ Npa-¯p¶
^okn\pw aäpw IrXy-amb amÀ¤-tc-J-IÄ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-hIWw.
AtXm-sSm¸w Xs¶, s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnÂ, ]c-am-h[n Øm]-\-§Ä Xpd-¡p-¶-Xn\v
kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-Ip-Ibpw thWw. C -c-¯n-epÅ kwhn[m\-§-sfm-s¡, ]Ww-ap-
S¡n t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, _p²n-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpÅ IpSpw-
_-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v km[y-a-Ã. C -c-¯n-epÅ Hcp Ip«n¡v BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-
bv¡mbn ]e-t¸mgpw km[m-cW Ip«n-I-fnÂ\n¶p hyXy-kvX-ambn 14-þ15 Cc«n sNe-hp-
IÄ, acp-¶n\pw aäp-ambn Bh-iy-ambn hcp¶p F¶-XmWv Hcp GI-tZi IW-¡v.
Ip«n-I-fpsS km¶n²yw sImp-m-Ip¶ am\-ÊnI kwLÀj-t¯m-sSm¸w km¼-¯nI ]
m¸-c-¯hpw C¯cw IpSpw-_-§Ä A\p-`hn¡p-¶-Xn-s\mcp {][m\ Imc-Ww, AXym-
hiyw th ASn-Øm\ tkh-\-§-sfm¶pw kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-Ip¶ Hcp kml-Ncyw
CÃm- -Xp-sIm-m-Wv. ]e-t¸mgpw C¯cw tkh-\-§Ä _p²n-]c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, e`y-a-ÃmsX hcp-¶-Xp-sIm-v, Ip«n-I-fpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-
¯n\pw kzm`m-hnI hfÀ -bv¡p-sams¡ henb tXmXn-epÅ XS-Ê-§Ä Dm-Ip-¶p. \ncm-
42
ew-_-cmb hen-sbmcp P\-Xsb IqSp-XÂ {]bmk-¯n-te¡v XÅn-hn-Sm-sX, ]c-am-
h[n ]cn-c£ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-\pÅ _m[y-X, `c-W-IqSw Gsä-Spt¯ aXn-bm-Iq.
s]cp-amä {]iv\-§-fm-Wv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ {]I-Sn-¸n-
¡p¶asämcp {][m\ {]iv\w. Kpcp-X-c-amb Ht«sd s]cp-amä {]iv\-§-fn C¯cw
Ip«n-Ifn IqSp-X-embn Ip-h-cp-¶p. Ah ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, B[p-\nI a\-Èmkv{X
kt¦-X§Ä C¶v e`y-amWv. Akzm-`m-hnI am\-kn-Im-hØ t\ct¯ Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw,
Ahbv¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]cn-lm-c-§Ä \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, a\-Èmkv{X hnZ-Kv²-
cpsS tkh-\w, F{Xbpw s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ e`y-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-hm³, Bh-
iy-¯n\v hnZ-Kv²-cpsS \nb-a-\hpw Xmeq¡v Xe-¯n-epÅ Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn-se-¦nepw Dm-bn-
cn-¡-Ww.
t\cs¯bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ-þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
Cu ]T\ dnt¸mÀ«n ip]mÀi-sN-bvXn-cn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-
I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tIµ-¯nsâ
amÀ¤-\nÀt±it¯msS Xt±i kzbw-`-cW Øm]-\§Ä hgn GÀfn
CsâÀsh³j³ skâdpIÄ XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-
¡p-¶-Xn\v Xmeq¡v Xe-¯n dolm-_n-en-tä-j³/¢n\n-¡Â sskt¡m-f-Pn-
Ìnsâ tkh\w Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Ign-hp-
IÄ¡pw {]mY-anI IrXy-§Ä¡papÅ ]cn-io-e-\w F{Xbpw t\cs¯
Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. hoSp-I-fnÂsh¨v ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ ]cn-io-
e\ ]mt¡-Pp-IÄ UnPn-ä kmt¦-Xn-IX, CsâÀs\äv, F¶n-h-bn-eqsS
hoSp-I-fnse Iw]yq-«À, Sn.hn hgn e`y-am-¡-Ww. CXn\pÅ kwhn-[m\w
kwØm\ D¶-X-Xe tI{µw {][m-\-tI-{µ-am¡n kn.-Un-äv, knUm¡v sF.-Sn.-
an-j³ Ch-bpsS klm-b-t¯msS \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv.
43
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-Ä¡v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[, am\-kn-
Im-tcm-Ky- a-cp-¶p-IÄ kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-
cn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, Hm¡p-t]-j-
W sXdm-¸n, kv]o¨v sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ kuI-cy-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-
¶-Xn\v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-S-
en-t\msSm¸w Bh-iy-amb klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
kwhn[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ bqWnäp-I-fn Hm«nkw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
kwhn- [m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
tIkv ÌUn-
Ct¸mÄ ]¯ph-b-ÊpÅ kaÀ°-\mb AjvIÀ apPo-_nsâ Pohn-Xs¯ amän-a-dn-¨-Xv, skdn-{_ ]mÄkn A\p- -hn- p-sIm-n-cp¶ B Ip«n-bpsS Pohn-X-¯n hnZ-Kv²-tk-h\w t\cs¯ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-b-Xp-sIm-p-am-{X-am-Wv. Gd-Wm-Ip-f¯p Xma-kn-¡p¶ AjvIÀ C¶v Adnb-s¸-Sp¶ A`n-t\-Xm-hm-Wv. "ambm-am-[hw' F¶ `àn hoUnsbm BÂ_-¯nÂ, "F´v ]dbpw Rm³...' F¶ Km\-cw-K-§-fnse AjvI-dnsâ A`n-\b anIhv Akm-[m-c-W-sa¶v Bcpw k½-Xn-¡pw. skdn-{_ ]mÄkn-sb¶ akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb hnj-bs¯ Ahn-Z-Kv²-ambn ssIImcyw sN¿p-Itbm AX-sÃ-¦n Cu {]iv\-t¯mSv Ae-k-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ, B Ip«n-bn Hfn-ªn-cp¶ Iem-ssh- -hs¯ Bcmepw Xncn-¨-dn-bs¸SmsX t]mtbt\! {]ikvX kwhn-[m-b-I³ {io. hn\-b³ kwhn-[m\w sNbvX 'cLp-hnsâ kz´w dknb' F¶ kn\n-a-bnse A`n-\-b-¯n-eq-sS, AjvIÀ hyXykvX Ign-hp-I-fpÅ hyàn-sb¶ ]Zm-h-ensb A\zÀ°-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
t\cs¯ Xs¶ AXm-b-Xv, H¶-c-h-b-Ên Xs¶, AjvI-dnsâ skdn-{_ ]mÄkn-sb¶{]iv\s¯ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿m³, hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp- m³ Ign-ªp-sh-¶-Xm-Wv, PohnX hnP-b- n\v \nZm-\-am-b-Xv. AjvI-dnsâ _p²-n\n-e-hm-c- n\v bmsXmcp Ipd-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]s£, 4 hb-Ên Xs¶, _lp-Xe AØn-kw-_Ô ikv{X-{In-b-IÄ¡v AjvI-dns\hnt[-b-\m-t¡-n-h-¶p. \nc- -c-amb ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n-bp-tSbpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-sâbpw klm-b-¯mÂ, C¶v km[m-cW kvIqfn ]Tn-¡p¶ AjvIÀ ]T-\-Im-cy-¯nepw ]mtTy-Xc hnj-b-¯n-ep-saÃmw ap³]-´n-bn-em-Wv.
t\c-s -Xs¶ Xncn-¨-dn-ªv, hnZKv² tkh\w Dd-¸p-h-cp¯n Pohn-X- n h³t\-«-§ÄsImbvsX-Sp¯ shÃp-hn-en-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ht«sd AXy-]qÀÆ hyàn-Xz-§Ä \ap-¡p-Np-äp-ap- v. AÔ-X, _[n-cX F¶o cp shÃp-hn-fn-Isf AXn-Po-hn¨v temI-¯nsâ s\dp-I-bn Akm-am\y
44
{]Xn- -bmbn Pohn¨ sle³ sIÃ-dp-tSbpw sle³ sIÃsd hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp¯ A[ym-]n-I-bmbB³ kÅnh³ F¶ {]Xn- -bp-sams¡ Cs¶-Ãm-hÀ¡pw kp]-cn-Nn-X-cm-Wv. B PohnXw \ap¡v\evIp¶ ktµ-iw, Hmtcm Pohn-X- n-\pw, AXv F{X ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ DÅ-Xm-sW-¦nepw A\- -ambhnkva-b-I-c-amb km[y-X-IÄ Hfn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-sW-¶m-Wv.
B³ F¶, CwKvf-n C¶pw Pohn-¡p¶ Fgp-¯p-Im-cn-bpsS Pohn-Xhpw \t½m-Sp-]-d-bp-¶Xvatäm-¶p-a-Ã. P\n-¨-t¸mÄ, BgvN-I-fpsS Bbpkv HuZm-cy-]qÀÆw A\p-h-Zn¨p \evInb `nj-Kz-c-·msc AXn-i-bn-¸n- p-sImv C¶pw alm-{]-Xn- -bmbn Pohn-¡p-¶p. B\nF\ ']¨-¡dn' sb¶ Ah-Ø-sb¶v Ah-Ú-tbmsS Ah-K-Wn- -hÀ¡v, Xsâ akvXn-jvI-¯nsâ hnkva-bm-h-l-amb{]hÀ -\-¯n-eqsS AXn-Po-h-\-¯nsâ ]pXnb amXrI ImWn- p-sIm-Sp¯p B³. C¶pw ssIIm-ep-IÄ {]hÀ -\-£-a-a-sÃ-¦n-epw, \mev]-Xn-tetd ikv{X-{In-b-I-fn-eq-sSþ AXpw 14 hb-Ên\p ap¼p-X-s¶þ A\p- -hn¨ ]oU-Isf CÑm-i-àn-sImv AXn-Po-hn¨v Xe-bn-semcp I¼v sI«n ssS¸p-ssd-ä-dnÂ
A£-c-§fpw hm¡p-Ifpw krjvSn-¨v, Ah-bn IhnX \nd¨v B³ C¶pw temI-t¯mSv kPo-h-ambnkwh-Zn-¡p-¶p. FÃm-än\pw km£n-bm-bn, \nZm- -amb {]mÀ°-\m-cq-]-am-bn, A½-sb¶ hm¡nsâs]mcpfpw ssNX-\yhpw kzmwio-I-cn¨ B\nsâ amXm-hv, {]Xo-£-Isf AkvX-an-¡m-\-\p-h-Zn-¡m-sX,ip -I-c-am-bXv kw -hn-¡p-sa¶ \ndª {]Xym-i-tbmsS aIÄ¡v AÀ°-]qÀ®amb Hcp PohnXw ]IÀ¶p-\ÂIn. ASn-apSn IhnX \ndª Pohn-Xw. XojvW-amb sshI-ey- nsâ XS-hn \ap-¡n-S-bn Bcp-sS-sb-Ãmtam PohnXw s]men-ªp-t]mtbm? F{Xtbm B³am-sc¶ km[yX Ch-cn-ep-an-Ãm-bn-cpt¶m?
45
A²ym-bw-þ4
hnZym-`ymkw (Education)
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk cwKw hfsc
k¦oÀ®-amb Hcp taJ-e-bm-Wv. Ht«sd ssk²m-´nI hnZym-`ymk {]iv\-§fpw
{]mtbm-KnI bmYmÀ°y-§-fp-sams¡ sI«p-]n-Wªp InS-¡p¶, hnhmZ]c-sa¶v Bi-¦-
s¸-Sm-hp¶ Ht«sd hnj-b-§Ä DÄs¡mÅp¶ khn-tij taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv. Gähpw efn-
X-ambn ]d-ªmÂ, C -c-¯n-epÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb tIc-fob k¦Â¸w
C\nbpw Bcw-`n-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-¶-tX-bp-Åq.
hnZym-`ym-k- nsâ e£yw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pĸtS
FÃm-hÀ¡pw H¶m-Wv, \msf-bpsS kÀ¤m-ßI ]uc-Xz-¯n-te¡v hyànsb hnI-kn-¸n-
¡p-I. Cu Imcy-¯nÂ, \ne-hn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-
`ymk ]²-XnIfpw ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯n-ep-ff kw`m-h-\-IÄ sNbvXp-h-
cp¶p F¶v Bcpw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sm-\n-S-bn-Ã. C¶v khn-ti-j-X-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v thn-
bpÅ hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bpsS Ah-Ø, Aim-kv{Xo-b-hpw, Acm-P-Ihpw AkzØP\-
I-hp-am-Wv,
\ne-hn tIc-f-¯nÂ, Cu taJ-e-bnse hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§-Ä (kvs]-jyÂ
kvIqfpIÄ) FÃmw-Xs¶ \S-¯p-¶-Xv, kzImcyþk¶² kwL-S-\-I-fm-Wv. hnZym-`ymk
e£y-t¯m-sS, kÀ¡mÀ t\cn«v \S-¯p¶ GI Øm]-\w, Xncp-h-\´-]pcw ]m§-¸m-d-
bn-ep-Å, 'kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen
Ne©vUv' (SIMC) BWv. tIc-f-¯nemsI _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-
hÀ¡v thn-bpÅ kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-Im-c-ap-Å kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fpsS F®w- 275
BWv. Cu kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn FÃmw-IqSn 20,000 Ip«n-I-fmWv ]Tn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv.
F«v e£-¯n-e-[nIw hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcn \mep-e-
£-¯n\pw A©v e£-¯n\pw CS-bn-ep-Å-hÀ hnZym-`ymk {]mb-¯n-ep-Å-h-cm-sW¶v
Icp-tX-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ah-cn kvs]jy kvIqfnepw P\-d kvIqfn-ep-ambn ]Tn-¡p-
¶-h-cpsS F®w sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸n-\p-Io-
46
gn kÀÆ in£m A`n-bm³ t{]mP-IvSnsâ klm-b-t¯m-sS, km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-
fn 1þmw IvfmÊv apX 12-þmw IvfmÊp-hsc ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-
Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS BsI F®w GXmv Ht¶-Im e£w hcpw.
tIc-f- nse FÃm PnÃ-IÄ¡pw thn 10 PnÃm-tI-{µ-§-fn sh¨v \S-¯nb knänw-
Kp-I-fnÂ\n¶pw e`y-amb ]cm-Xn-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, \ne-hn-epÅ hnZym-`ymk kml-
Ncyw H¶pw-Xs¶ Hcp-hn-[-¯nepw Xr]vXn-I-c-a-sÃ-¶m-Wv. I½o-j\v e`y-amb 7000
¯ne-[nIw tcJ-I-fn D¶-bn-¡-s -Sp¶Xv 400 {]iv\-§-fm-Wv. Cu 400 {]iv\-§-
fn ]IpXn {]iv\-§fpw hnZym-`ymk taJ-esb am{Xw Du¶n-bp-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.
tIcfw t]mepÅ {]tZ-i-¯v, hnZym-`y-k-sa¶ hnj-bw, AXv km[m-cW hnZym-`ym-k-am-
bmepw khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-am-bmepw, c£n-Xm-¡Ä F{X-am{Xw Kuc-h-t¯m-sS-bmWv
kao-]n-¡p-¶Xv F-¶-Xnsâ kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnÂ
_lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-hÀ¡v thn-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_ ]
mÄkn, _lpsshI-eyw, (_-[n-cmÔX) F¶o hn`m-K-§Ä¡v, {]XyI tI{µ-§Ä \S-¡p-
¶p-v. ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶n-hÀ¡pÅ {]tXyI hnZym-`ymk tI{µ-
§Ä \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«n-Ã.
\ne-hn tIc-f-¯nÂ, kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ, {]tXy-In¨v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn, \Ã-\n-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶pv. F¦n-epw, kaq-l-¯n-
sâbpw {]tXy-In¨v kÀ¡m-cn-sâbpw klm-bhpw \nb-{´-Whpw Chbv¡nÃ. AXp-
sIm-p-X-s¶, Hä-s¸« ]s£ hne-s¸«, kvs]jy kvIqÄ tkh-\-§-fn-eqsS, BXy-´n-I-
-ew kaq-l-¯n\v e`y-am-Im¯ kml-N-cy-amWv \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xv.
ImgvN, tIÄhn, Ne\ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymkw
_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-c-Ãm-sX, aäv imco-cnI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp¶ hnZyÀ°n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ymk taJe tIc-f-¯n {]mtbW aäv kwØm-\-
§sf At]-£n¨v anI¨ \ne-bn -s¶ -{]-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-s¶pthWw hne-bn-cp-¯m³.
IrXy-amb \nbaþamÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n hyh-Øn-X-am-bmW,v AÔÀ,
47
_[n-cÀ, aäv imco-cnI Ne\ sshI-ey-ap-Å-hÀ XpS-§n-b-hÀ¡pÅ hntij hnZym-`ymk
Øm]-\-§Ä tIc-f-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶Xv.
aäv hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§Ä¡pÅ hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§Ä H¶p-In kÀ¡mÀ
t\cn«v \S-¯p-¶tXm AsÃ-¦n FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bn \S-¯p-¶tXm BWv. kÀ¡mÀ
\nb-{´-W-¯n-em-bmepw FbvUUv taJ-e-bn-em-bmepw Cu Øm]-\-§-fnse hnI-emwK
hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v, kuP\y hnZym-`ymkw e`y-am-hp¶psh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ tIc-f- n\v
Ign-ªn-«p-v. Cu hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v, kuP\y hnZym-`ymk kuIcyw am{X-aà \ÂIp-¶-Xv,
tlmÌÂ, kvtImfÀjn-¸v, hkv{Xw, saUn-kn³ XpS§n FÃm sNe-hp-Ifpw kÀ¡m-
cmWv hln-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯cw khntij hnZym-e-b-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ Dĸ-sS-bpÅ
Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v, aäv km[mcW hnZym-e-b-§-fnse Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v In«p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ A[n-
I-th-X\hpw e`y-am-hp-¶p-v. ImgvN-þ-tIÄhn-þ-N-e\ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v tIc-f-
¯nse hnZym-`ymk AhØ k¼qÀ®-ambn Xr]vXn-I-c-am-sW¶pw C\n-sbm¶pw A[n-I-
ambn sN¿m-\n-sÃ-¶p-apÅ [z\n ta {]kvX-h-\-I-fn-enÃ. Imen-I-amb Ht«sd amä-§Ä
Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶, ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸tS hnhn[ hnj-b-§Ä B hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bnepw
\ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS
hnZym`ymk kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ, ImgvN-þ-tIÄhn-þ-N-e\ shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-
¶-h-cpsS AhØ ]Xn-·-S§v Xr]vXn-I-c-am-sW¶v ]d-bmsX h¿.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-kw.
hnZym-`ymk]c-amb kuP-\y-§fpw khn-tij ]cn-K-W-\-Ifpw \ÂtI P\-hn-`m-
Kw, kmaqly s]mXpPohn-X-¯n Ncn-{X-þkmaq-ly-þ-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-þ-B-tcmKy Imc-W-§-
fm ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-IbmWv. \ne-hn-epÅ ]cn-c-£-I-fpsS B\p-Iq-ey-§-sfm¶pw ]
¦v ]äm-\m-hm-sX, hopw ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bn \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ Nne P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä kaq-
l-¯n-ep-v. ]nt¶m¡w \n¡p-¶-h-sc, apJy[mc-bn-te¡v sImp-h-cm-\pÅ hyh-Øm-]nX
{ia-§-fpsS KpW-^-e-§-sfm¶pw e`y-am-ImsX hopw kmaq-ly-ambn ]n¶-Wn-bnÂ
Xs¶ \ne\n¡p¶ hn`m-K-am-Wv, \½psS kaq-l-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ. \½psS \ne-hn-ep-ff hyh-Øm-]nX t£a kao-]-\-§-fn-eq-sS-sbm¶pw
D²-cn-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp¶ C -c-¯n-epÅ P\-hn-`m-K-§sf khn-ti-j-ambn kzm[o-\n-
¡p¶ LS-I-§Ä Fs´-¶p-IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-sX, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v
48
C¯cw P\-hn-`m-K-§sf ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯m-\m-hn-Ã. A -c-samcp Kuc-h-amb ]cn-K-
W-\bpw kao-]-\hpw F´psImpw Bh-iy-apÅ P\-hn-`m-K-am-Wv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«v, Pohn-X-¯nsâ kakvX
km[y-X-Ifpw Ccpf-S-ªp-t]mb Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡-f-S-§p¶ IpSpw-_mw-K-§-fpw.
aäv t£a {]hÀ -\-§tfm ]cn-K-W-\tbm AÀln-¡p-¶-h-cnÂ\n-¶pw, _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ hyXn-cn-à-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]e Imc-W-§-fp- v. Cu
P\hn-`m-K-¯nsâ {]iv\w akvXn-jvI-sa¶ Ah-b-h-¯n-\mWv _m[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶-
XmWv H¶m-as¯ Imc-Ww. akvXnjvI Ah-b-h-¯n\v t\cn« LS-\m-]-c-amb \yq\-X,
aäv hnI-emw-K-cnÂ\n¶pw hn`n-¶-am-bn, Ch-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ kakvX {]X-e-§-fnepw
{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶p. P\-\-¯n\pw ac-W- n\pw CS-bn-epÅ GÃm Xe-¯n-
epw, \nXy ]cn-an-Xn, t\cn-Sp-I-sb¶ ]I-¨p-t]m-Ip¶ `bm-\-I-amb bmYmÀ°y-¯nsâ
ap¶n-em-Wv, Ch-cpsS IpSpw-_w. Hcp-hn[ Bizm-k-hm-¡p-I-fpw, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-
¯nsâ apt¶m-«pÅ KXnsb klm-bn-¡p-¶-X-Ã. Nn«-¸-Sn-bpÅ Hcp tkh\ amÀ¤hpw
Ahsc klm-bn-¡p-¶-X-paÃ. Cu P\-hn-`m-Kw, s]mXp kaq-l-¯nsâ FÃm [mc-I-
fnÂ\n¶pw ]qÀ®-ambn hntÑ-Zn-¡-s¸«v PohnXw XÅn \o¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-
Xs¶ Ch-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä¡v ka-{K-amb Hcp ]cn-lmcw Is-¯p-I-sb-¶-Xv, tIh-e-
ambn Bhn-jv¡-cn¨v \S-¸m-¡p¶ Nne t£a-]-²-Xn-IÄsImv km[y-hp-a-Ã. XnI¨pw
Bkq-{Xn-X-am-bn, kqjva-amb {i²-tbm-sS, AÀÖ-h-t¯m-sS, \mw GsäSp-t¡
kmaqly _m[y-X-bm-Wv, Ch-cpsS PohnXw \t½mSv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-
{_ ]mÄkn F¶nh _m[n- -h-cn \sÃmcp hn`m-K¯nÂ, _lp-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§n-
bh _m[n- -hÀ¡pw {]mtbm-KnI hnZym-`ym-k- n\v (Functional Education) BWv
{]m[m-\yhpw ap³K-W-\bpw \evtI--Xv. ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶nh
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-sc, km[m-cW hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-bpsS `mK-am-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶,
hyàym-[njv-TnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xnbpw AtXm-sSm¸w Bkq-{XWw sNt¿--Xp-v.
s]mXpth _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk tI{µ-¯n-em-
bmepw hyàym-[n-jvTn-X-am-th--Xv, A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AY-hm, FÃm hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-sâbpw
BXy-´nI e£yw kmaq-lyamb kz`mh cq]-h¡-c-Whpw Pohn-Xm-tbm-[-\-¯n-\pÅ
49
ss\]pWn BÀÖn-¡-ep-am-Wv. B e£y-\nÀÆ-l-W- n-\v, F{Xbpw DNn-X-am-b-Xv,
hyànsb kw_-Ôn¨v GXm-sW¶v \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶-Xv, F{X-am{Xw ^e-{]-Z-ambn B
e£yw t\Sp-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡p¶ kml-N-cyamWv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v C³Ivfq-kohv hnZym-`ym-k-amWv \ÃXv, AXÃ
kvs]jy kvIqÄ hnZym-`ym-k-amWv \ÃXv Fs¶m-s¡-bpÅ hmZ-§Ä Bi-b-]-c-ambn
\S-¯m-hp¶ tIhe hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-§Ä am{X-am-Wv. {]mtbm-KnI Xe-¯nepÅ e£yw,
khn-ti-j-XbpÅ hyàn¡pw kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bnte¡v aäm-scbpw t]mse
Bßm-`n-am-\t¯msS kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS kÀ¤m-ß-I-ambn Pohn-¡p¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-
¡pI F¶Xm-Wv.
\nehnÂ, tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk
cwK-¯nsâ AhØ s]mXpth Bizm-k-I-c-aà F¶p-Xs¶ ]d-tb--Xp-v. GXv hnZym-
`ymk {]{I-nbbv¡pw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn A\n-hm-cy-amb, imkv{Xo-b-amb Hcp ]mTy-{I-
a-tam, ]mTy-]-²-Xntbm tIcf kml-N-cy-¯nÂ, Bkq-{X-Ww-sNbvXv \S-¸m-¡m-\m-bn-«n-Ã.
tÌäv Iu¬k-n t^mÀ FUyq-t¡-j-W dntkÀ¨v Bâv s{Sbn-\nwKv (SCERT) Icn-
¡pew cq]-s-¸Sp-¯p¶ hnj-b-¯n {]mY-anI \S-]-Sn-IÄ XpS-§n-¡-gn-sª-¶Xv A`n-\-
µ-\o-b-am-Wv. CXv F{Xbpw s]s«¶v \S-¸m-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, {][m-\-s¸« Imcy-hpam-Wv.
_p²n-]cambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymkw 2005 apXÂ tIc-f-
¯n s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ Npa-X-e-bn-em-Wv. XoÀ¨m-bmbpw aäv kwØm-\-§-
fnÂ\n¶v hyXy-Ø-ambn C¯cw shÃphnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymkw, ASn-
Øm-\-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-ambn Ip F¶-Xm-Wv tIc-f-¯nsâ Cu \S-]-Sn-bnse ]ptcm-K-
a-\-h-iw. C´y-bn aäv an¡-bn-S¯pw am\-knI shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-
`ymkw kmaq-ly-t£a hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W-¯nÂXs¶ \ne-\n-ev¡p-t¼m-gmWv \½psS
Cu ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb Nph-Sp-sh-bv¸v. kÀ¡m-cnsâ Cu \S-]-Sn¡v hnZym-`ymk Imcy-
¯n Hcp XpSÀ -bp-m-bn-sÃ-¶-Xm-Wv, Cu taJe Ct¸mgpw t\cn-Sp¶ ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-
bpsS {][m-\-s¸« Imc-Ww.
_p²n-]c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡p-thn Ct¸mÄ tIc-f- n \ne-\n-
ev¡p¶ _Uvkv kvIqÄ kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw AXXp {Kma-]-©m-b-¯p-
IÄ¡pw Bkq-{X-Whpw GtIm-]-\hpw kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯n-\pw IpSpw-_-{io -an-
50
j-\p-am-Wv. ]t£, tIc-f-¯n s]mXp-hmb Hcp kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, XoÀ -
bmbpw C¯cw kvIqfp-IÄ DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fpsS A¡m-Z-anI
{]hÀ -\-§-fpsS k¼qÀ®-\n-b-{´Ww s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸n\v Iogn am{X-ap-Å-
Xm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. AtXm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ 18 hb-Ên\v apI-fn-epÅ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn
t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ ]cn-io-e-\-hpw, aäv sXmgn kw_-Ô-amb hnj-b-§-fp-sa-Ãmw, kmaq-
ly-t£a hIp-¸nsâbpw sXmgn hIp-¸nâbpw \nb-{´-W-¯ntem aäv _Ô-s¸« hIp-
¸p-I-fpsS \nb-{´-W-¯ntem sImp-h-cp-¶-XmIpw DNn-Xw. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnhn[ PohnX L«-§-fnÂ, Ah-À¡v tkh-\-§Ä e`y-am-t¡p¶ hIp-
¸p-IÄþ
1 0þ5 hb-Êp-hsc t\cs¯ Is-¯Ât\cs¯ CS-s]-SÂ
Btcm-Ky-h-Ip¸v
2
6þ18 hb-Êp-hsc
þhnZym-`ymkwþkvIqfnÂ\n¶psXmgn-ente-¡pÅkw{I-a-Ww.
hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v
3
18 hb-Êp-apXÂ
BPo-h-\m´ t£a{]hÀ -\-§Ä.þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþsXmgn ]cn-io-e\w.sXmgnÂ
kmaq-ly-t£ahIp-¸v.þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþsXmgn hIp-¸v.
GsXmcp ]uc-sâbpw (_p-²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpÄ -sS-bp-Å)
hnZym-`ym-k-sa-¶-Xv, `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb ASn-Øm\ Ah-Im-i-ambn IcpXp¶ cmPy-¯v,
tIc-f- nse hen-sbmcp P\-X--bmbn \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk Bh-iy-
§Ä¡pÅ ]Ým-¯e kuIcyw kÀ¡mÀ Hcp-¡m-X-n-cp-¶n-«pw, kmaqly {]Xn-_-²X
Gsä-Sp¯v ChÀ¡mbn hnZym-`ymk kuI-cyw, Hcp-¡m-\pÅ DZy-aw, F{X ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ Ds-
¦nÂX-s¶bpw BZ-chv AÀln-¡p-¶p. tIcf kÀ¡m-cnÂ\n¶pw Imcy-amb klm-b-
sam-¶pw, \ne-hn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ Øm]-\-§Ä¡v,
e`n-¡p-¶n-Ã. hÀjw-tXmdpw _UvP-änÂ\n¶p e`y-am-hp¶ 10 tImSn cq]-bm-Wv, hnZym-
`ymk hIp-¸nsâ AwKo-Im-c-apÅ 275 Hmfw kvIqfp-IÄ¡mbn hoXn¨p \ÂIp-¶-Xv,
CXv hfsc \ma-am-{X-amb Hcp klm-b-am-Wv. kvIqÄ sI«n-S-sam-cp-¡Â, aäv ]Ým-
51
¯e kuI-cy-§Ä Hcp-¡p-I, Poh-\-¡m-cpsS thX-\w, hml-\-ku-Icyw GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-I,
sshZyp-Xn, shÅw, XpS§n hnhn[ Bh-iy-§Ä¡v hcp¶ sNe-hnsâ sNdnb iX-am-\w-
t]mepw klm-b-[-\-ambn kÀ¡m-cnÂ\n¶v C¶v e`y-a-Ã. tIc-f- nse apgp-h³
kvs]jyÂkvIq-fp-I-fn-ep-ambn Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n Xmsg _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡v am{X-ta, Ct¸mÄ ASn-Øm\ hZym-`ymk kuI-cy-ap-Åq. \mev
e£-¯n\pw A©v e£-¯n-\p-an-Sbv¡v hcp¶ _p²n-\yq-\-X-bp-Å-h-cn CsXmcp
sNdnb iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-pX-s¶, C¯cw kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnÂ
{]th-i\ hnj-b-¯nÂ, henb {]bmkw t\cn-Sp-¶pv. kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw, kzm[o-\hpw ]
W-hp-ap-Å-hÀ¡p-am{Xw {]th-i\w ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-hpw. ]mh-s -«-hcpw
kmaq-ly-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-cp-amb _p²n-\yq-\-X-bp-Å-hÀ¡v Ah-kcw
\ÂI-W-sa¶v kzImcy k¶² kwL-S-\-IÄ \S-¯p¶ Øm]-\-§-tfmSv ]d-bm³,
Bh-iy-amb klmb kl-I-c-W-§-sfm¶pw A\p-h-Zn-¡m-sX, kÀ¡m-cn\v [mÀ½n-I-
ambn Ah-Im-i-an-Ã. Zmcn-{Zyhpw kmaq-ly-]n-t¶m-¡m-h-Øbpw AtXm-sSm-¸w, Hcp
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n IpSpw-_-¯n-ep-m-Ip¶ k¦oÀ® kml-N-cy-hp-sams¡ H¶n-
-\p- -hn-¡p¶ AhØ AXy-[nIw Ak-l-\o-b-am-Wv.
tIc-f- nse aäv kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ¡v (A-ÔÀ¡pw _[n-cÀ¡pw) kÀ¡mÀ
Xe-¯n hf-sc-b-[nIw B\pIq-ey-§Ä \ÂIn-hcp-¶p-v. AXv Xmsg-t¨À¡p-¶pþ
1. t_mÀUnwKv {Kmâv 750 cq]/ amkw (Hcp Ip«n-¡v).
2. hkv{X Ae-h³kv 750 cq]/ hÀjw (Hcp Ip«n-¡v).
3. kvIqÄ dnIz-knäv Ae-h³kv:
FÂ. ]n þ Hcp-Ip-«n¡v Hcp-hÀjw 50 cq]bq. ]n. þ Hcp-Ip-«n¡v Hcp-hÀjw 90 cq]F¨v. Fkv þ Hcp-Ip-«n¡v Hcp-hÀjw 125 cq]
hÀj-¯n aq¶v XhW kvIqfn \n¶v ho«n-te¡pw Xncn-¨p-apÅ bm{Xm-sN-e-hv.
ChÀ¡v \ÂIn-h-cp¶ FÃm-hn[ B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]n´p-Wbpw _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ ]Tn-¡p¶ kvIqfp-I-fp-IÄ¡pw Ah-Im-i-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. a-
säÃm hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-tf-¡mÄ, Zpc- -]qÀ®-amb kml-N-cy-amWv _p²n-\yq-\-X-bp-
Å-hcpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_hpw t\cn-Sp-¶-Xv. CsXmcp tZiob Zpc- -ambn HutZym-Kn-
I-ambn {]Jym-]n-t¡-p-¶- kml-N-cy-amWv Chsc kw_-Ôn¨v tIcf kaq-l-¯n \ne-\n-
52
ev¡p-¶-Xv. tIc-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p¶ FÃm Ip«n-IÄ¡pw
hnZym-`ymk kml-Ncyw e`y-am-¡-W-sa¶ `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb _m[yX F{Xbpw
s]s«¶v kÀ¡mÀ Gsä-Sp-t¡--Xpv. \ne-hn-epÅ hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]\w Ah-km-\n-
¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-ep-]cn Imcy-£-a-amb Xc-¯nÂ, hnZym-`ymk Ah-kcw FÃm Ip«n-IÄ¡pw
e`y-am-Ip¶ Xc¯nÂ, kXz-c-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-hWw.
tIcf kaqlw BZ-c-]qÀÆw, ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ kaq-l-¯nse Hcp hn`m-K-amWv
kvs]jy kvIqfn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ A[ym-]-Icpw Poh-\-¡m-cpw. Akm-[m-c-W-
amb Xc-¯n-epÅ Imcp-Wy -{]-hÀ -\-§Ä Gsä-Sp¯v \S-¯p¶ Cu Poh-\-¡m-cpsS
tkh-\-¯nsâ kz`m-hs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v kaq-l-¯nsâ hen-sbmcp hn`m-K-¯n\pw [mc-
W-bn-Ã. Gsd kml-knI kz`m-h-ap-Å-XmWv Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xw. kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn,
{]oss{]-adn A[ym-]-I-cpsS timN-\o-bm-h-Ø-sb-¸än ]cm-aÀin- -Xv, C´y-bn Ah-
cpsS AhØ ho«p-tPm-en-¡m-tc¡mÄ ZpcnX]qÀ®-amWv G-¶m-Wv. H-cp-]-t£,
kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS Ah-Ø-sb-¡p-dn-¨m-sW-¦n AXnepw cq£-am-
tbt\ kp{]ow-tIm-SXn ]cm-aÀiw! GXm-bmepw kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS
kwL-S-\-I-fnÂ\n¶pw e`y-amb tcJ-IÄ AhÀ t\cn-Sp¶ k¦oÀ® -{]-iv\-¯nsâ
cq£X shfn-hm-¡n- -cp-¶-Xm-Wv.
kvs]jy kvIqÄ ]cn-io-e-\-am-Wv, \ne-hn Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯n KpW-I-c-
amb amä-§Ä Dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-¶-sX-¶v, e`y-amb tcJ-IÄ sXfn-bn-¡p-
¶p. P\-d kvIqfp-I-fn C³Ivfq-kohv Xe-¯nÂ, kvss{I_ns\ sh¨v ]co-£-sb-
gpXn ]e-hn-j-b-¯nepw A+ t{KUpw A t{KUpw B t{KUpw hm§n¨ _p²n-]-c-ambn
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v, Gähpw Xmgv¶ IvfmÊp-I-fnse Ip«n-IÄ¡v Bh-
iy-apÅ A£-c-Úm-\tam `mjm-Úm-\tam `mjm ss\]p-Wntbm CÃ F¶v am{X-a-Ã,
C -c-¯n _ncpZ tcJ-I-fpÅ \nc-£-c-sc, \nÀ_m-[w ]pd-¯p-hn-Sp¶ hnZym-`ymk
kwhn-[m-\-¯n AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ Aim-kv{Xo-b-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v kÀ¡mÀ Kuc-h-ambn ]
cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww F¶p-IqSn \nÀt±-i-§Ä e`y-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p. GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ
Ah-Im-i-hmZw \nc-¯n-sh-bv¡m-\pÅ IW-¡p-tc-J-bnse IÅn-I-fn \ntÝ-X-\-ambn
HSp-§m-\p-Å-X-Ã, Cu Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-sa¶v _Ô-s¸-«-hÀ a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. _p²n-]-
camb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v F{Xam{Xw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amWv s]m-Xp-hn-
53
Zym-`ymk taJ-e-bn C¶v \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ kuI-cy-§-sf¶pw Ah-sbÃmw Ip«n-I-fpsS
ka-{K-hn-Im-k-¯n\pw Ah-cpsS kÀ¤m-ßI ]uc-Xz-¯n\pw F{X-am{Xw klm-b-I-c-am-
Ip-¶-Xm-sW¶v ]cn-tim-[n¨v Bh-iy-amb ]p\- -cn-tim-[-\-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\- nÂ
F{Xbpw s]s«¶v ASn-b-´nc \S-]-Sn-IÄ hnZym-`ymk hIp¸pw kÀ¡mcpw kzoI-cn-t¡--
Xm-Wv. GXm-bmepw ]¯mw-Xcw ]mkmb kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-I-fp-ambn ssZ\w-Zn-\- Ir-Xy-
§Ä¡pÅ ]cn-io-e-\w, kvs]jyÂkvIq-fp-I-fnÂ\n¶pw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶--h-cpsS F®w
hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶p F¶v c£n-Xm-¡Ä I½o-j\v \evInb tcJ-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnÂ\n-¶pw, amdn, Fkv. Fkv. F.- bn-epw, sF.-C.-Un.,
Fkv. Fkv., kvIoan-ep-sams¡ tPmen-sN-¿p¶ dntkmÀkv A[ym-]-IÀ¡v Ct¸mÄ
kmam\yw t`Z-s¸« thX\w \evIn-h-cp-¶p-v. F¶m Ah-cpsS tPmen kpc-£n-X-
¯z¯nepw aäptkh\ hyh-Ø-I-fn-ep-sam-¶pw, H«pw Bizm-k-I-c-amb Ah-Ø-bà \ne-
hn-ep-Å-Xv. tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-Xn-epÅ sXmgn kwXr]vXn F¶ Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« LS-
Iw-t]mepw dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ¡v Pohn-X-¯n A\p- -hn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ A -
co£w tPmen-Ø-e¯v CsÃ-¶pw, tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. XoÀ -bmbpw dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-
IÀ t\cn-Sp¶ Ht«sd {]iv\-§Ä AhÀ I½o-j\v \ÂInb \nth-Z-\-§-fn kqNn-¸n-
¡p-¶p-v. F{Xtbm hÀj-ambn kmt¦-Xn-I-ambn tPmen-bn XpSÀ -bn-Ãm-sX, ]ncn-¨p-hn-
Sp-s¶¶ `oj-Wn PohnXw Akz-Ø-am-¡p¶ F{Xtbm dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ hÀj-§-
fpsS tkh-\-§Ä¡v tijhpw A\m-Y-Xz-t¯msS Pohn-¡p¶ AhØ Hcp ]cn-jvIrX
kaq-l-¯n\pw `qj-W-a-Ã. GXm-bm-epw, Hc-t\z-j-W-¯n-eqsS Cu taJ-e-bn \ne-\n-
ev¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n¨v dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ A`nap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ {]iv\-
§Ä imiz-X-ambn ]cn-l-cn-t¡--Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, kvs]jy GUyq-
t¡-äÀ F¶ \ne-bn Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-IÄ, {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ AÀln-¡p¶ Ip«n-I-
fpsS hnIm-k- n\v IqSp-XÂ klm-b-I-c-am-Ip¶ coXn-bnÂ, kaÀ°-ambn hn\n-tbm-Kn-
t¡-Xv F§-s\-sb¶v Hcp ]p\-¸-cn-tim-[-\bv¡pw kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-IWw.
s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W- n-epÅ Fkv.Fkv.F., sF.-C.-Un.
t{]mP-IvSp-IÄ hgn khn-tij hnZym-`ymkw Bh-iy-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v thn Ht«sd ]cn-]m-
Sn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn¨v \S-¸m¡n hcp-¶p-v. tIc-f- n kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ Is- nb
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hnZymÀ°n-I-sf-¡m-Ä IqSp-XÂ, hnZym-`ymk
54
hIp-¸p- hgn \S-¡p¶ Cu t{]mP-IvSp-I-fn-eqsS Is¯n ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶p-sh-
¶mWv tcJ-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. ka-{K-amb Hcp ]p\-c-[n-hmk ]²Xn Bkq-{XWw
sNbvXv \S-¸m-¡p-¶-XnÂ, \ne-hn-epÅ \½psS kwhn-[m-\-§-fnse ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ Xs¶-
bm-Wv, t]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n \S-¡p¶ Cu t{]mPIvSv apJm-
´ncw ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp¶ kvs]jy hnZymÀ°n-Ifpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
hoSp-I-fn i¿m-h-ew-_n-I-fmbn Ign-bp¶ hnhn[ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶
hyàn-Isf t\cn-«p-t]mbn ]cnio-en-¸n-¡p¶ kwhn-[m\w Fkv. Fkv. F. Bhn-jvI-cn¨v
\S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-v. Gsd A`n-\-µ-\o-bam-Wn-Xv. XoÀ -bm-bpw, dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-sc,
C -c-¯nÂ, Ip«n-I-fpsS hfÀ¨m-L-«-¯n kp{][m\ Ime-b-f-hn hoSp-I-fn At\z-
jn-¨p-sN¶v ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\p \ntbm-Kn¨ \S-]-Snsb ivfmLn-¡m-sX-h-¿.
arZp-_p-²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, ]T-\-]-c-amb Akzm-`m-hn-I-X-
Itfm {Ia-`w-Ktam _m[n- -hÀ, ssiih at\m-tcm-K-ap-Å-hÀ F¶o hn`m-K-§-fn-e-[nIw
t]scbpw s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k- nsâ ]cn-[n-bn Xs¶ ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-¶-Xv, Ah-
cpsS kmaqlyamb CS-s]-Sepw kmaqly ss\]p-Wnbpw hnI-kn-¡pI F¶ e£y-
¯n\v Gsd klm-b-I-c-am-bmWv Ip-h-cp-¶-Xv. ]t£, AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, \½psS
s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk kwhn-[m-\-¯n \ne-hn-epÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk tkh-\§Ä¡mh-iy-
amb ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-fp-sSbpw ]c-an-Xn-IÄ C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS kzm`m-hnI hnIm-
ks¯ XS-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw {i²n-t¡--Xp-v. hnZym-`ym-k-sa-¶-Xv, ASn-Øm-\-]-c-
ambn Hcp kmaqly {]{In-b-bm-sW¶ hkvXp-X-sb, BÀ¡pw \ntj-[n-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.
AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, sshb-ànI ss\]p-Wnbpw ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-Xm-h-iy-§Ä¡pÅ
tijnbpw hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-kcw krjvSn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, kmaq-ly-
h¡-c-W-sa¶ kp{]-[m\ LS-I-¯n\pw hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-¯n {]mapJyw \ÂI-
Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ anX-ambtXm-Xn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ Ip«n-
IÄ¡pw sshb-ànI ss\]p-Wnbpw ssZ\w-Zn-\m-h-iy-§Ä¡pÅ tijnbpw hnI-kn-¸n-
¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-am-hp-¶, ]cn-io-e-\-§Ä (D-Zm-l-c-¯n-\vþ ^nkn-tbm-tX-dm-¸n,
kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n, H¡p-t -j-W sXdm-¸n, _otl-hn-bÀ sXdm-¸n, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³
F¶n-h-sb-Ãmw) \evIp-¶-Xn\v s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk taJe t\cn-Sp¶ ]cnan-Xn-IÄ AXn-Po-
55
hn-¡m³, {]mtZ-in-I-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ kvs]jy kvIqfp-Isf dntkmgvkp
skâ-dp-I-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, ]c-kv]c [mc-W-tbmSpw klm-b-t¯mSpw {]hÀ¯n¨v
Ip«n-IÄ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh-\-§Ä Imcy-£-a-am-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
GXm-bmepw B[p-\nI hnZym-`ymk ImgvN-¸mSv sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯p¶ kaq-l-§-fn-
sem-¶pw-X-s¶, GsX-¦nepw km{¼-Zm-bnI kwhn-[m-\- nsâ imTy-§fpw \nÀº-Ô-
§fpw Xo{h-ambn ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWm-\m-hp-¶n-Ã. GXv kwhn-[m-\-amWv
Imcy-£-a-sa¶pw ^e-{]-Z-sa¶pw \nÝ-bn-¡m-\pÅ A[n-Im-chpw Ah-Imihpw {]tb-W,
hnZym-`ymk \ne-hm-c-¯n ap³\n-c-bn \n¡p-¶, tIc-f-¯nse c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v hn«p-
sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xmhpw DNn-Xw. AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bnÂ,
Gähpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄt\-cn-Sp¶ FÃm hyàn-I-tfbpw
I®ntNÀ¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡p¶ GsXms¡ Agn-¨p-]-Wn-IÄ \S-¯p¶Xpw,
AXn\p klm-b-I-c-am-Ip¶ Atcm-Ky-]-c-amb kwhmZw XpS-cp-¶-Xpw, s]mXp-hn-Zym-
`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡pw khn-tij hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡pw Hcpt]mse KpW-
I-c-amhpw F¶-Im-cy-¯n kwi-b-an-Ã.
dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-sc-t¸m-se-Xs¶ hnZym-`ym-khpw A\p- -hhpw DÅ-h-cmWv
kvs]jy kvIqÄ A²ym-]-I-cpw. Htc hn`mKw hnZymÀ°n-I-sf- -s¶-bmWv cp-
Iq-«cpw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£ dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ¡v e`n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ i¼-
f-¯nsâ \men-sem-¶p-t]mepw kvs]jy kvIqÄ A[ym-]-IÀ¡v e`n-¡p-¶nÃ! tIcfw
t]mepÅ Hcp kwØm-\-¯v, CtX-t]m-epÅ Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-kw, bpàn-cm-lnXyw,
hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸p-t]mepÅ Hcp taJ-e-bn kw -hn-¨p-Iq-Sm- -XmWv. Cu henb
hnth-N\w \ne-\n-¶n«pw kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn¯s¶ km¼-¯nI e£y-sam¶pw ]
cn-K-Wn-¡msX Gähpw Xo{hhpw XojvW-hp-amb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶
Ip«n-Isf kml-knI a\-tÊmsS ]cn-N-cn-¡p¶ A[ym-]-IÀ¡v AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-
Iqeyw A\p-h-Zn-¨p-\ÂtI-Xm-Wv. AÔÀ, _[n-cÀ XpS-§nb {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ Bh-
iy-apÅ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡pÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ tIc-f-¯n GXm-sÃmw Xs¶
H¶p-In kÀ¡mÀ t\cn«v \S-¯p-¶-tXm, AX-sÃ-¦n FbvUUv ]Zhn A\p-h-Zn-¨p-\-
evIn-b-htbm BWv. Gähpw Xo{h-amb sshI-eym-h-Ø-bpsS Zpc´w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-
¶-hÀ¡m-Wv, BZyw B\p-Iqeyw e`n-¡p-¶Xv F¶v kaqlw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -W-sa¶v ]d-
56
ª, ap³ cmjv{S-]Xn {io. sI. BÀ. \mcm-b-Wsâ hm¡p-IÄ¡v ]cn-K-W\ \evIp-I-bm-
sW-¦n kaq-l-sa¶ \ne-bn tIc-f-¯n Gähpw BZyw ]cn-K-Wn-t¡-n-h-cp-¶-Xv,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-sc-bm-Wv. Imc-Ww, GsX-¦nepw Hc-h-b-h-¯nsâ
]cn-an-X-nIÄsIm-pÅ shÃp-hn-fn-I-tf-¡mÄ F{Xtbm Cc«n k¦oÀ®hpw Xo{h-hp-am-Wv,
akvXn-jvI-¯n-\pÅ £XwsImv kw -hn-¡p¶ ]cn-an-Xn-Itfm shÃp-hn-fn-I-tfm.
tIc-f- nse kzImcy kwL-S-\-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n \S-¶p-h-cp¶
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn `qcn-]-£-¯n-sâbpw \ne-\n¸v `oj-Wn-¡p-ap-¶n-em-Wv.
kvs]jy So¨ÀamÀ \nÀ_m[w sImgn-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶p. hÀj-§-fpsS A\p-`h ]cn-N-b-
apÅ ]e-cpw, taJe-bnse XpSÀ¶p-h-cp¶ Zb-\ob kml-N-cy-¯n a\w aSp¯v ]e-
t¸mgpw tPmen aXn-bm-¡pItbm, AX-sÃ-¦n dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-cpsS XkvXn-I-bn-
te¡v t]mIpItbm sN¿p-¶p. kvs]jy kvIqÄ amt\-Pvsaâp-IÄ¡v, kÀ¡mÀ
km¼-¯nI klmbw e`n-¡p-¶nà F¶-Xpw, XpÑ-ambn e`n-¡p¶ {Kmâp-IÄ ka-b-_-
Ôn-X-ambn e`n-¡p-¶nà F¶-Xp-sams¡ Ahsc kw_-Ôn¨v kvIqÄ \S-¯n-¸nsâ
Imcy-¯n henb A\n-Ýn-X-Xz-§Ä¡v hgn-sX-fn-¡p-¶p.
tI{µ kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯nsâ {Kmâv e`n-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fpsS F®w tIc-f-¯n 54 BWv.
kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-Imcw e`n¨ 275 kvIqfp-IfnÂ, tI{µ {Kmâv e`n-¡p¶ kvs]jyÂ
kvIqfp-IÄ Hgn¨v _m¡n-h-cp¶ kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ¡pÅ 10 tImSn {Kmâv XpI-
bnÂ\n¶pw klmbw \ÂIp-¶Xv kwØm\ kÀ¡m-cm-Wv. \ma-am-{X-ambn e`y-am-Ip¶
{Kmâv -Xs¶ sNe-h-gn-¡p¶ Imcy-¯n Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb Ht«sd \njvIÀj-IÄ
\ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. Cu {KmânÂ, Hcp A[ym-]-I\v \evtI amk-th-X\w 3800 cq]
BbmWv \nÝ-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu HmWtddnb-¯nsâ 40 iX-am\w am{Xta
kÀ¡mÀ \evIp¶ {KmânÂ\n¶pw D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-ap-Åq.
kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ ]eXpw tIc-f-¯n XpS-§n-b-Xv, DZm- -amb kmaqly
{]Xn-_-²-X-bpsS ]Ým- -e-¯n-em-Wv. CsXmcp em -I-c-ambn \S-¯m-hp¶ kwc-`ta
AÃ. ]t£, C¯cw kvIqfp-Isf ap³\n-dp¯n sNdnb iX-am\w Øm]-\-§Ä hntZ-
i-]Ww kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶ Bt£]w I½o-j\v e`n-¨p-sh-¦n-epw, AXv sXfn-bn-¡p¶
Hcp tcJbpw lmP-cm-¡m³ ]cm-Xn-¡m-À¡v Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. s]mXp-t_m-[-¯n-ep-d-¨p-
57
t]mb Hc-Ô-hn-izm-kw-t]mse Btcm-]Ww D¶-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-e- pdw Fs -¦nepw
{]m[m-\y-w CXn\v D-s¶v tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. AYhm Fs´-¦nepw Ig-¼p-s-¦nÂX-s¶, \Ã-\n-
e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kvs]jy kvIqÄ amt\-Pvsaânsâ Bß-hn-izmkw XI-cp¶
coXn-bn A¯cw Btcm-]-W-§sf kmam-\y-h¡-cn¨v apJ-hn-e-s¡-Sp-t¡--Xn-Ã. am{X-a-
Ã, hntZi hn\n-ab \nb-a-§-fpsS hIp-¸p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v \S-]Sn FSp-¡m-\pÅ kml-
Ncyw Cu P\m-[n-]Xy cmPy¯v \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-ap-v.
hnZy-`ymk hIp-¸v, AwKo-Imcw \evInb ]e kvs]jy kvIqfp-Isf kw_-
Ôn¨pw Bt£]w \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä H«p-an-Ãm¯ ]e kvs]jyÂ
kvIqfp-IÄ¡pw, AwKo-Imcw \ÂIpt¼mÄ, \Ã-\n-e-bn ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä
Hcp¡n At]-£n-¡p¶ kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fpsS cPn-kvt{S-j\v, ASn-Øm-\-an-Ãm¯
hmZ-§Ä ]d-ªv. a\-¸qÀÆw AwKo-Imcw \ntj-[n-¡p-¶p-sh¶ Bt£-]hpw I½o-j\v
e`y-am-bn-«p-v. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Akm-[m-c-W-amb
{]iv\§fpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw AhÀ¡v thn hnZym-`ymk kuI-cy-sam-cp-¡p-¶, amt\-
Pvsaân-sâbpw A[ym-]-I-cp-sS-bp-sams¡ XymK-a-\-Ø-nXnsb am\n-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶,
DtZym-K-Øsc C¯cw Hm^o-kp-I-fn Ah-tcm-[n-¡-W-sa¶pw Ht«sd \nÀt±-i-§Ä
e`y-am-bn-«p-v.
kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ¡v AwKo-Imcw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw cPn-kvt{S-j³ \evIp-¶-
Xn\pw C¶v, kzoI-cn-¨p-h-cp¶ kao-]\w XoÀ¯pw Aim-kv{Xo-bam-Wv. kvIqfp-I-fpsS
A¡m-Z-anI {]hÀ -\-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯m³ tijn-bp-Å-h-cà Ct¸mÄ kvIqÄ \nco-£-
W-¯n\pw ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡pw hcp-¶-Xv. F¶vam-{XaÃ, ]e-t¸m-gpw, _p²n-\yq-\X F¶
Ah-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨v {]mY-anI [mc-W-t]m-ep-ap-Å-h-c-Ã. kvIqÄ AwKo-Im-c-¯n\pw cPn-
kvt{S-j\pw imkv{Xo-bhpw hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-hp-am-b Hcp kao-]\¯n\pÅ Hcp
kwØm-\-Xe ka{K kwhn-[m\w I½o-j³ Cu tcJ-bvs¡m¸w kaÀ¸n-¡m³ Dt±-in-¡p-
¶p.
_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-\m-bpÅ
kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ am{X-amWv tIc-f- n FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bn-te¡v CXp-h-
scbpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡m- -Xv. GXp am\-ZWvUw h¨p]cn-tim-[n-¨mepw Cu Hcp hn`m-K-
¯n-t\mSpÅ hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]-\-am-Wn-sX-¶-Im-cy-¯n bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-Ã.
58
tIc-fw-t]mse \thm-°m\ {]{In-b-IÄ kwkvI-cn-s -Sp¯ Hcp a\-Ên\v kmaq-ly-t_m-
[-¯n Akm-[m-c-W-amb kzm[o-\-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-«p-t]m-epw, Gähpw ]mÀiz-hÂIr-X-amb
Cusbmcp kaq-l-¯n-t\mSv hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn¨ Hcp kml-N-cy-s¯,
C\n-sb-¦nepw ]Ým-¯m] t_m[-t¯msS Xncp-t - -Xp-v. km¼-¯nI ]cm-[o-\-X-bp-
sStbm aäp]cn-an-X-nI-fp-sStbm Hgnhv Ignhv sImv Cu kmaqly D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-
¯nÂ\n¶pw ]nt¶m-«p-t]m-Im-\m-hn-Ã. `c-W-L-S-\bpw FÃm Ah-Imi \nb-a-§fpw Dd-
¸p-\ÂIp¶ kuP-\yhpw \nÀº-Ôn-X-hp-amb hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v, tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-Ä¡v Ah-kcw \ÂIm³, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-
fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ¡v aäv hnI-emw-KÀ¡p-Å-Xp-t]mse (C-
t¸mÄ AÔþ _[nc hnZym-e-b-§Ä¡p-Å-Xp-t]m-se) FbvUUv ]Zhn \ÂIp-Itb
t]mwh-gn-ImWp-¶p-Åq. F{Xbpw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn kÀ¡mÀ ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v hnj-b-
am-t¡ hnj-b-am-WnXv. Zpcp-]-bm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ ]gp-X-I-f-S¨v Ipä-aä coXn-bn icn-
bmb am\-Z-Þ-§Ä \nÝ-bn¨v C¡m-cy-¯n ]cn-lmcw ImWm-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åq.
s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W- n-epÅ kvs]jyÂkvIq-fp-IÄ H¶pw-
Xs¶ Ct¸mÄ tIcf hnZym-`ymk N«-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bn hcp-¶-h-b-Ã. AÔ-þ-_-[nc
hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§-sf-t¸mepw GO(P)- - -- --- -- --412 F¶ D -c-hnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-emWv
FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bn-te¡v sImp-h-¶-Xv. hnZym-`ymk N« ]cn-jvI-c-W-¯nÂ, hnI-emw-K-
cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v am{X-ambn Hc-[ymbw amän-sh-¨n-«p- v. ]t£, Chn-sSsbm-¶pw,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,
_lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶n-hsb kw_-Ôn¨pÅ ]cm-
aÀi-§-sfm-¶pw- h-¶n-«n-Ã. \ne-hnÂ, Gähpw Npcp-§n-b-Xv, hnI-emwK hnZym-`ym-k- n-\p-
thn ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ GO(P)-412 F¶ D -c-hn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-
cpsS hnZym-`ym-khpw Hcp {][m\ `mK-am¡n, Cu D -chv Gähpw s]«¶v Imtem-Nn-X-
ambn ]pd-¯n-d-t¡--Xp-v. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ Xma-kw-hn\m Gsä-Sp-¡m³ _lp-
am-\-s¸« hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v k¶-²-am-th--XmWv.
tbmKy-Xbpw A\p- -h-hpw tkh\ a\-kvI-Xbpw AÀ¸W t_m[-hp-
sams¡ Xpey {]m[m-\y-t¯msS ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ Hcp Akm-[m-cW hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-
sb¶ ]Z-hn, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k- n-\p- v.
59
Cu taJ-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kvs]jy kvIqÄ A[ym-]-I-cpsS {]hÀ -\-§Ä
XymK-\nÀ`c-am-Wv. ]cn-an-X-amb B\q-Iq-ey§-fn \n¶p-sImv AhÀsN-¿p¶ al-
¯mb tkh-\- n\v AÀl-amb ]cn-K-W\ \evIm-\pÅ _m²yX kaq-l-¯n-\p-- v,
kÀ¡m-cn-\p-ap-v. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ kvs]jy kvIqÄ A[ym-]-I-cpsS tk-h\þthX\
hyh-Ø-Ifpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]p\À\nÀ®-bn-t¡--Xp-v. kvs]jy kvIqÄ A[ym-]-
IÀ¡pw Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw Ahiyw th tbmKy-X-IÄ CtXm-sSm¸w \nÀt±-i-ambn kaÀ¸n-
¡p-¶p. AtXm-sSm¸w Hmtcm kvs]-jy kvIqÄ kwhn-[m-\-¯nepw AXym-hiyw th
XkvXn-I-Ifpw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v.
kvs]jy kvIqÄ (_p-²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ)Poh\¡mcqsS LS\bpw tbmKyXbpw
A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw 1:8
(XkvXnI) hnZym`ymktbmKyXs]mXphmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]camb tbmKyX
1 slUvankv{SÊvv/ _ncpZm\´c_ncpZw _n. FUv kvs]jyÂ(sdKpeÀ)/ Un]vtfma
C³ kvs]jyÂFUyqt¡j³
2 kvs]jy äo¨À +2 Dw AYhm X¯peyw Un]vtfma C³kvs]jyÂ
FUyqt¡j³( Fw.BÀ)/ _n. FUv
kvs]jy (sdKpeÀ)3 sskt¡mfPnÌv sskt¡mfPnbn _ncpZm\
´c_ncpZw4 kv]o¨v sXdm¸nÌv kv]o¨v Bâv emwtKyPv ]
t¯mfPnbn _ncpZw5 ^nÊntbm sXdm¸nÌv ^nÊntbm sXdm¸nbn _ncpZw6 HIyqt¸jvWÂ
sXdm¸nÌvHIyqt¸jvWÂ sXdm¸nbnÂ
_ncpZw7 shmt¡jWÂ
C³kv{SIväÀ +2 AYhm X¯peywUnt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-W {Sbn-\nwKv Bâv
Fwt¹m-bn-saâv/sXmgn ]cn-Nbw
8 tbmK +2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹maC³ tbmK
9 ImbnIw +2 _m¨n-eÀ C³ ^nkn-¡Â FUyq-t¡-j³
10 ayqkn¡v +2, _ncpZw ayqkn¡n Unt¹m-a /_ncpZw
11 hmtZym]IcWw ]mÀ«vssSw
+2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹matImgvkv
60
12 Um³kv +2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹matImgvkv
13 kmaqly {]hÀ¯I (social worker)
Fw. FÊv. U_yq, _ncpZw
14 ssI sXmgn (craft) (]mÀ«v ssSw)
+2  ssI sXmgn-enÂ-þ-Aw-Ko-IrX kÀ«n-^n-¡äv
15 Nn{Xsagp¯v (drawing)]mÀ«v ssSw
+2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹ma/_ncpZw
16 A¡uâv _n. tImw _ncpZw17 ssS¸nÌv / ¢À¡v Iw¼yq«À Adnhpw _ncpZhpw18 Hm^okv Akn-Ìâv ]¯mw ¢mÊv19 kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv20 hmÀU¬ / ta{S¬ _ncpZw care givers training / DSE (MR)
21 Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv22 ]mNIw (cook) ]mNI¯n {]hÀ¯n ]
cnNbw23 Imh¡mc³ (watch
man)
]¯mw ¢mÊv
24 t\gvkv +2 P\-d \gvknwKvUnt¹ma
25 tUmIvSÀ (]mÀ«v ssSw)
Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kv.
26 ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊpw ]¯phÀjs¯{]hr¯n]cnNbhpw
kvs]jy kvIqÄ þ skdn-{_ ]mÄknPoh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw
A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw 1:5
\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyXs]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX
1. slUvan-kv{Skv _ncp-Zm-\-´c _ncpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂ
Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂFUyq-t¡-j³
(sk-dn{_ ]mÄkn)2. kvs]jy So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ
(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂUnt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ
FUyq-t¡-j³(sk-dn{_Â ]mÄkn)
3. sXdm-¸nÌv1. kv]o¨v
2. ^nkntbm
3. HmIyp-t]-
_Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯nÂ_ncpZw
61
jWÂ
4. sskt¡m-f-PnÌv sskt¡m-f-P-bnÂ_ncp-Zm-\-´-c-_n-cpZw
5. tUmIvSÀ Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kv.6. t\gvkv +2 P\-d t\gvknwKv7. A¡u-âv _ntImw _ncpZw8. Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv sIbÀ tS¡À s{Sbn-\nwKv9. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw10. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv
kvs]jy kvIqÄ þ Hm«nkwPoh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw
A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw 1:5\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX
s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. slUvan-kv{Skv _ncp-Zm-\-´c _ncpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ
(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂUnt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ
FUyq-t¡-j³(ASD)
2. kvs]jy So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂ
Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂFUyq-t¡-j³
(ASD)3. sXdm-¸nÌv
1. kv]o¨v
2. ^nkntbm
3. HmIyp-t]-jWÂ
_Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯nÂ_ncpZw
4. sskt¡m-f-PnÌv sskt¡m-f-P-bnÂ_ncp-Zm-\-´-c-_n-cpZw
5. tUmIvSÀ Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kv.6. t\gvkv +2 P\-d t\gvknwKv7. A¡u-âv _ntImw _ncpZw8. Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv sIbÀ tS¡À s{Sbn-\nwKv9. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw10. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv
kvs]jy kvIqÄ þ _lp-ssh-IeywPoh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw
A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw : 1: 2\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX
62
s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. slUvan-kv{Skv _ncp-Zm-\-´c _ncpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ
(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂUnt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ
FUyq-t¡-j³(aÄ«n-¸nÄ Unk-_n-en-än)
2. kvs]jy So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂ
Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂFUyq-t¡-j³
(aÄ«n-¸nÄ Unk-_n-en-än)3. sXdm-¸nÌv
1. kv]o¨v
2. ^nkntbm
3. HmIyp-t]-jWÂ
_Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯nÂ_ncpZw
4. sskt¡m-f-PnÌv sskt¡m-f-P-bnÂ_ncp-Zm-\-´-c-_n-cpZw
5. tUmIvSÀ Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kv.6. t\gvkv +2 P\-d t\gvknwKv7. A¡u-âv _ntImw _ncpZw8. Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv sIbÀ tS¡À s{Sbn-\nwKv9. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw10. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv
kwc-£nX sXmgn-enSw (Sheltered Workshop)Poh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw
A\p-]mXw 1:15\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX
s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. tImþ-HmÀUn-t\-äÀ _ncp-Zm-\- -c-_n-cpZw Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ
s{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ
dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ AYhm
X¯p-ey-tbmKyX2. shmt¡-j-WÂ
Iu¬kn-eÀ_ncpZw Iu¬kn-enw-Kn Unt¹ma
AYhmX¯p-ey-tbm-KyX
3. shmt¡-j-WÂC³kv{S-IvSÀ
+2 Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂs{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)
4. Hm^okv Akn-Ìâv _ncpZw5. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw6. tÌmÀ Io¸À +27. Hm^okv Aäââv ]¯mw ¢mÊv
63
8. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv
sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnZym- ymkw (Vocational Training)Poh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw
A\p-]mXw: 1: 10\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX
s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. tImþ-HmÀUn-t\-äÀ _ncp-Zm-\- -c-_n-cpZw Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ
s{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ
dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ AYhm
X¯p-ey-tbmKyX2. shmt¡-j-WÂ
Iu¬kn-eÀ_ncpZw Iu¬kn-enw-Kn Unt¹ma
AYhmX¯p-ey-tbm-KyX
3. shmt¡-j-WÂC³kv{S-IvSÀ
+2 Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂs{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)
4. Hm^okv Akn-Ìâv _ncpZw5. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw6. tÌmÀ Io¸À +27. Hm^okv Aäââv ]¯mw ¢mÊv8. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv
t\c-s -bpÅ Xncn- -dn-b skâÀ (Early Intervention Centre)Poh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw
\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyXs]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX
1. tImþ-HmÀUn-t\-äÀ _ncp-Zm-\- -c-_n-cpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jy (d-Kp-eÀ)Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ
FUyp-t¡-j³(_-Ô-s¸« hnj-b-
¯nÂ)/Unt¹ma C³ GÀfnCâÀsh³j³ sXdm¸n
2. kvs]jy So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jy (d-Kp-eÀ)Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ
FUyp-t¡-j³(_-Ô-s¸« hnj-b- nÂ)
3. AäâÀ / Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv sIbÀ tS¡À {Sbn-\nwKv4. tUmIvSÀ5. sXdm-¸nÌv
1. kv]o¨v
2. ^nkntbm
3. HmIyp-t]-j-
+2 _Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯nÂ_ncpZw
64
WÂ
4. sskt¡m-f-PnÌv
6. t\gvkv +2 P\-d t\gvknwKv7. A¡u-âv _ntImw _ncpZw8. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw
dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn Hm^v C´y, C´ybpsS s]mXp ]Ým-
¯ew ]cn-K-Wn¨v GXv hnt[-\bpw Ipsd-tbsd hnZ-Kv²sc {Kma-{Km-am- -c-§-fnÂ
tkh-\-¯n\v e`y-am-h-s«-sb¶ kZp-t±-i-t¯m-sS, kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j-\nse _ncp-Z-
tbm-KyX (BEd. Spl. Edn) hnZqc hnZym-`ym-k- n-eqsS \ÂIn-h-cp-¶p-v. hnZqc hnZym-`ym-b-
k-¯n-eqsS Ffp¸w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-hp¶ Hcp Ign-h-Ã, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Akm-[m-cW ss\]p-Wn. C -c-¯n hnZqc
hnZym-`ymk tbmKy-X-am-{Xw ssIap-X-epÅ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-tä-gvknsâ tkh-\-
§sf kw_-Ôn¨v taJ-e-bn-ep-Å-hÀ¡v {]tXy-In¨v c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v aXn¸v Ipd-hm-Wv.
hnZqc hnZym--`ym-k-¯n-eqsS tbmKyX t\Snb A²ym-]-IÀ¡v ]cn-io-en¸-ns -Sp-¡m-hp¶
Hcp hn`m-Kta AÃ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, hnZqc
hnZym-`y-k-¯n-eqsS kn²n¨ A²ym-]I tbmKyX Hc-Sn-Øm\ tbmKy-X-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-
¡m-sX, A[nI tbmKy-X-bmbn am{Xta ]cn-K-Wn-¡mhq F¶v I½o-j³ \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶p.
AtXm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ hÀj-§-fm-bn, kvIqfp-I-fn hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ymk tbmKyX am{X-ambn
tPmen-sN-¿p¶ A²ym-]-I-cp-s-¦nÂ, \nÝnX ka-b-]-cn[n A\p-h-Zn¨v dKp-eÀ
A²ym-]I tbmKyX t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ Ah-kcw Dm-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡-Ww. AXp-a-sÃ-
¦nÂ, Cu dnt¸mÀ«n \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ kwØm\ Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ B`n-ap-Jy-
¯n \ne-hn hnZqc hnZym-`ymk tbmKy-X-bp-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ A²ym]-IÀ¡v
Bdpam-ks¯ Xo{h-]-cn-io-e\ tImgvkn ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v tbmKy-X-bp-Å-h-cm-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-
Wv.
tIhew kmt¦-XnI hmZ-ap-J-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ, hnZqc hnZym-`ym-khpw
dKp-eÀ hnZym-`ym-khpw Xpey-am-sW¶ \ne-bn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ, ]t¯m ]Xn-\t©m
Znh-ks¯ apJm-apJ IvfmÊp-IÄ am{Xw e`y-ambn hnZq-c-¯n-en-cp¶v _ncpZw t\Snb
65
A[ym-]-I-cpsS Ahn-Z-Kv²-amb A[ym-]-\-¯n-sâ Cc-I-fm-hm³, Hcp-hn-[-¯nepw
_p²n-]-c-ambn ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hsc A\p-h-Zn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ khn-
tij Pm{KX ]peÀt --Xp-v.
dolm-_-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn Hm^v C´y F¶ \nb-a-]c-amb A[n-Im-c-apÅ
kwhn-[m\w C´y-bn Dm-hp-¶-Xn\v ap¼p-X-s¶, Cu taJ-e-bnse kvs]jy kvIqfp-
IÄ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-Xp-S-§n. Ct¸mÄ 30 Dw 35 Dw hÀjs¯ tkh\ ]mc-¼-cy-apÅ
kaÀ¸nX PohnXw \bn¨ A[ym-]-Icpw addpPoh-\-¡m-cp-ap- v. ]t£ AhÀ¡v, dolm-_n-
en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn Hm^v C´y \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ tbmKyX \ne-hn-en-Ã. kpZoÀL-Im-
es¯ Ah-cpsS tkh-\s¯ ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp¶ Cu Poh-\-¡msc
Hcp am\-Z-WvU-¯sâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ, tPmen-bn XpS-cm³ kÀ¡mÀ A\p-h-Zn-¡-
Ww. Ch-cn ]ecpw 10-þmw Xcw ]mÊm-b-hcpw AtXm-sSm¸w Hcp-hÀjs¯ Un]vtfma
tbmKy-X-tbm {_nUvPv tImgvkv tbmKy-Xtbm Df-f-h-cm-Wv. 1992 Â \ne-hnÂh¶
dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn Hm^v C´y-bpsS \nÀt±-i-{]-Imcw A[ym-]-IÀ¡pÅ ASn-
Øm\ tbmKyX 12-þmw IvfmÊpw Un]vtfma tImgvkp-am-Wv. hÀj-§-fmbn tPmen-sN-
bvXp-h-cp¶ ]¯mw-IvfmÊpw Un]vtfm-a-tbm AX-sÃ-¦n {_nUvPp-tImgvtkm DÅ
A[ym-]-I-sc, A[ym-]-I-cmbn \ne-\nÀ¯m-\pw, AXnepw Ipdª ASn-Øm\ hnZym-
`ymkapÅ-hsc A[ym-]-tI-Xc XkvXn-I-bn \ne-\nÀ¯m\pw kÀ¡mÀ {]tXyIw
{i²n-t¡--Xm-Wv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,
_lp-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§nb {]iv\-§-fp-Å-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-§Ä¡pÅ kao-]-\-§Ä¡v,
GXm-smcp kam\ kz`m-h-ap-s-¦n-epw, Hm«n-kw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-I-eyw,
XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§sf khn-ti-j-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡- -Xp-v. FÃm-
hn-`m-K-§Ä¡pw hyày-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xn-X-s¶-bmhpw (IEP) IqSp-X A`n-Im-
ay-am-Ip-I. Hmtcm hyàn-Ifpw H¶-sÃ-¦nÂa-tä-sX-¦nepw khn-ti-j-X-I-fm hyXn-cn-à-
cm-hpw. Xmc-X-ay-§Ät¡m, Xpe\w sN¿-ent\m, C¯cw hnZyÀ°n-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v
{]kIv-Xn-bp-m-hn-Ã. Hmtcm hyàn-bpsSbpw hnZym-`ymk Bh-iy-§Ä, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-Xn-
I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ¡v hnt[b-ambn KWy-amb tXmXn hy-Xy-kvX-am-bn-cn-¡pw.
_p²n-]-c-ambn hyXykvX Ign-hp-IÄ {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-À, Hm«n-kw, ]T-\-]-c-amb Akm-
66
[m-c-WXzw F¶nh A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-h-cn Ip-h-cp-¶p. Xo{hhpw XojvW-hp-amb
Hm«nkw _m[n- -hÀ¡v kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ Xs¶ ]e-t¸mgpw Bh-iy-ambn ht¶-
¡mw. km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fn Xs¶ Cu Ip«n-Isf \ne-\n-dp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, ]cn-
io-e-\-¯nsâ Hcp ss\c-´cyw Dmth-Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.
Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\w, B[p-\nI imkv{X-tem-I-¯n\p-Xs¶ ]qÀ®-ambpw hg-
§m¯ Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv. Ht«sd hnZym-`ymk k{¼-Zm-b-§fpw kao-]-\-§fpw Ch-
cpsS ]cn-io-e\w kw_-Ôn¨v \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. F´pX-s¶-bm-bmepw kaq-l-¯nsâ
apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v Chsc sImp-h-cp-¶-Xn-\pÅ imkv{Xob kao-]\w Bhn-jvI-cn¨v \S-
¸m-¡p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\pÅ ]Ým-¯e kuI-cyhpw hnZ-Kv²-cpsS ]¦m-fn-
¯hpw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw thWw.
Hm«nkw _m[n¨ Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v kaq-l-¯n \ne-\n¡p¶ hen-sbmcp
sXän-²m-cW, FÃm Hm«nkw _m[n-Xcpw 'AXn-\n-]pW' (High Functioning) Hm«nkw DÅ-
h-cm-sW-¶m-Wv. sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w am{Xta Cu hn`m-K- n hcp-¶p-Åq.
GXm\pw Ip«n-IÄ Nne taJ-e-I-fn AXn-ssh-ZKv²yw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xnsâ ASn-
Øm-\-¯nÂ, kmam-\y-h¡-cWw \S-¯p-¶Xv icn-bm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. ]s£, Hm«n-
k-apÅ ]e-Ip-«n-I-tfbpw km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fn tNÀ¡m-sa-¦nepw BÀ¡pw
kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ th F¶ hmZw F{X-am{Xw bpàn-k-l-amWv F¶-Im-cy-
¯n kwi-b-ap-v.
]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-Ktam Akm-[m-c-W-Xztam (Learning Disorders) A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-
¡p¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS {]iv\-¯n hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ kXzc {i²-]-Xn-tb--Xm-Wv.
C¯cw Ip«n-IÄ Fgp-¯ntem hmb-\-bntem KWn-X-¯ntem t]cp-IÄ HmÀ¯p-sh-
bv¡p-¶-Xntem Hs¡ ImWn-¡p¶ khn-ti-j-amb {]bm-k-§Ä kmaq-ly-ambn
s]mXpth Zriy-a-Ã. Ch-c-\p-`hn-¡p¶ am\-knI {]iv\-§Ä Xncn- -dn-bmsX t]mIp-¶-
Xp-sIm-pÅ am\-knI k½-À±-§Ä Ht«-sd-bm-Wv. e£y-thy-[n-bmb sNdn-sbmcp CS-s]-
S \S-¯n-bmÂXs¶ Ch-c-\p- -hn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä ]qÀ®-amtbm `mKn-I-amtbm ]cn-
l-cn-¡m-\m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. aäv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ\n¶pw hyXy-
kvX-cm-bn, am\-knI kwLÀj-§-fpsS k½À±w, {]iv\w A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Ip«n-Ifpw
Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡fpw Htc-t]mse A\p- -hn-¡p-¶pv. hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn ChÀ¡v,
67
]co-£-sb-gp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, kvss{I_n-s\bpw A[nI ka-b-hp-sams¡ A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶p- -
v. ]t£, Cu kuIcyw lbÀ sk¡âdn Xew-h-sc-bm-Wv Ct¸mÄ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn
AwKo-I-cn-bv¡p-¶-Xv. s{]m -j-WÂ tImgvkp-I-fnepw aäv XpSÀ _ncp-Z-tIm-gvkp-I-fn-ep-
sam-s¡, Ch-cpsS Ign-hp-IÄ¡v Du¶Â \evIn-s¡m-v, kulr-Zm-ß-I-amb Hcp kao]\w
kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. _p²n-]-c-ambn ]e-t¸mgpw Nne taJ-e-bn-se-¦n-epw, km[m-cW Ip«n-I-
fnÂ\n¶p IqSp-X DbÀ¶ \ne-hmcw ChÀ {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v. Ah-cpsS khn-tij
Ign-hp-Isf D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n, aqey-\nÀ®bw \S-¯p¶ hyàym-[n-jvTnX
kao-]\w, ]T-\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-tcmSv kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. s{]m^-j-WÂ
tImgvkp-I-fnÂ, {]tXy-I¨v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnj-b-§-fnÂ, t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-¡p-IÄ, sF.-Sn.-
sF., Nn{X-I-e, aäv I-c-Iu-ie taJ-e-IÄ F¶n-h-bn-sems¡ ]T\ km[yX ChÀ¡v Dd-
¸p-\-evIp¶ hn[w, {]th-i\ ]co-£-I-fn DZm-c-amb kao]-\-amWv Dm-tI--Xv.
]T-\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Ht«sd Ip«n-IÄ hyh-Øn-Xn-bpsS IÀ¡-i-
amb kao]-\-§-fnepw \njvIÀj-XI-fnepw X«n-s -dn-¨v, \nÊ-lm-b-cmbn \½psS kaq-
l¯n-ep-v. Ch-c\p`hn-¡p¶ at\m-th-Z-\-I-fnepw \nÊ-lm-bm-h-Ø-I-fnepw F´psN-¿-
W-sa¶v AdnbmsX, CXn-IÀ -hy-Xm-aq-V-cmbn Ign-bp¶ c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS thZ\
AXn-tesd Zp:J-I-c-am--Wv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, ]T-\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS
khn-ti-j-amb hnZym-`ymk {]iv\-§Ä¡v hfsc A\p-`m-h-]qÀ®-amb DZmc kao-]\w
hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶v Hcp {]tXyI D -c-hn-eqsS kÀ¡mÀ
\nÀt±-in-¡-Ww. am\h Ncn-{X-¯n \nbm-a-I-amb kzm[o\w sNep-¯nb alm-{]-Xn- -I-
fmb hyàn-Xz-§-fn ]ecpw ]T\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-«-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶p-ÅXv
Ft¸mgpw HmÀt¡-Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS khn-ti-j-amb akvXnjvI ssh -h-§sf {Inbm-ß-
I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\p-X-Ip¶ A\p-Iqe kml-N-cy-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-I-sb¶ henb
shÃp-hnfn \mw Gsä-Sp-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv, ]T-\]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-sc,
kaÀ°-ambn kaq-l-¯n ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Ah-k-c-§Ä krjvSn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
ssiih at\m-tcm-Km-hØ ]e-hn-ZymÀ°n-I-fnepw hnZym-`ymk Ime-¯n-sâ
hnhn[ L«-§-fn t\cn-Sp¶ am\-knI {]iv\-am-Wv. Ipªm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ XpS§n
_ncp-Z-X-ew-hsc GXv ka-b¯pw at\m-tcmK km[yX Is¯n-sb-¶p-h-cmw. ap¼-s -
¡mÄ IqSp-X-em-bn, Cu tcmKm-hØ hym]-I-ambns¡mn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v inip at\m-tcm-
68
K-hn-Z-Kv²-·mÀ kqN\ \evIp-¶p. \½psS kaq-l-¯n H«pw-Xs¶ {i²-e-`n-¨n-«n-Ãm¯
Hcp hn`m--KamWv ssiih at\m-tcm-K-¯n\v hnt[-b-cm-b-hÀ. Cu Ip«n-Ifpw IpSpw-
_hpw t\cn-Sp¶ sISp-Xn-IÄ¡v bmsXmcp ]cn-[n-bp-an-Ã. ssiih A{I-aW kz`mhw
hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ sshIrX s]cp-am-ä-§Ä, \io-I-cW {]h-W-X, kzbw A]-I-S-s -Sp-
¯m-\pÅ {]h-W-X, Bß-l-Xym-{]-h-W-X, AXn-km-l-kn-Ihpw A]-I-S-I-c-hp-amb
{]hÀ -\-§-fn GÀs¸-SÂ, Imc-W-ta-Xp-an-Ãm-sX-bpÅ {]Xn-Im-cw XpS§n
hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä Ch-cn Ip-h--cp-¶p. kvIntkm-{^o-\n-b, aqUv UntkmÀU-À, hnjm-
Zw, D·mZw F¶n-h-sbms¡ Ip«n-I-fn Ip-h-cp-¶p-v. BXy-´n-I-ambn Cu {]iv\-§-fp-
sS-sbÃmw ]cn-WnXn _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bm-Wv.
NnInÂk-tbm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶. hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn khn-tij ]cn-K-W\ AÀln-
¡p¶ ssiih at\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fnÂXs¶ hnZym-`ymkw
\ÂIp-Ibpw AtXmsSm-¸w-Xs¶, ]co-£-I-fnepw aqey-\nÀ®b coXn-bn-ep-sam-s¡,
hyày-[n-jvTnX ]cn-K-W-\-tbm-sS-bpÅ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xn-eq-sS,
`mhn-bn hyàn¡pw kaq-l-¯n\pw t\cn-tS-n-h-cp¶ {]iv\-§-fnÂ\n¶pw c£-s¸-Sp¯n
]p-\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. \nc-´c NnInÂk \ÂtI-n-h-t¶-¡m-sa-¦nepw, IrXyhpw
A\p-tbm-Py-hp-amb NnInÂkm-coXn \S-¸m-¡m-\m-bmÂ, kmaq-ly-ambn C -cw -Ip-«n-
Isf kaÀ°-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m-\m-hpw. GXm-bmepw Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{In-
I-bnÂ, XnI¨pw hyàym-[n-jvTnX kao]-\hpw AtXm-sSm¸w ]cn-£-bnepw aäpw sNdn-
sbmcp DZm-c-Xbpw kzoI-cn-¨m km[mcW hnZym-e-b-§fn-eq-sS-¯s¶ Chsc ]cn-io-
en-¸n-s -Sp¯p apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v sImp-h-cm³ Ign-bpw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-f-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym`ymk-¯n\v Ahiyw th ]
mTy-]-²Xn imkv{Xo-b-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, ,tÌäv Iu¬kn t^mÀ FUyq-t¡-
j³ dntkÀ¨v Bâv s{Sbn-\nwKv (SCERT) \S-]-Sn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn-¨p-I-gn-ªp. hyàym-
[n-jvTn-Xhpw (individualized) {]hÀ -t\m-·p-J-hp-amb (Functional) ~Hcp ]mTy-]-²Xn cq]-
s¸-Sp¯n AtXm-sSm¸w kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-IÄ \ÂIm-hp¶ coXn-bnÂ, Hmtcm hyàn-I-fpsS
khn-tij Ign-hp-IÄ ]cn-K-Wn¨v Hcp aqey-\nÀ®b kwhn-[m-\hpw Dd-¸p-h-cp-t - -Xp-v.
tIc-f- nse kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnse ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v am{X-am-bn, Cu DZy-as¯ ]cn-
69
an-X-s -Sp-¯m-sX, kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn F¯n-s¸-Sm-\m-hm- -h-scbpw A\u-]-Nm-
cnI kwhn-[m-\-¯n-eqsS Ah-cpsS hnZym-`ymk Bh-iy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-
Xn\v {]m]vX-am-¡p¶ hn[w hfsc DZm-c-amb kao-]\w ]mTy-{Ia cq]o-I-c-W-¯nÂ
kzoI-cn-¨mÂ, Gsd KpW-I-c-amb Hcp DZy-a-ambn Cu ]mTy-]-²Xn cq]o-I-cW {]{Inb ]
cn-W-an-¡pw.
_lp-`q-cn-]£w hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, Hu]-Nm-cnI
kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ kwhn-[m-\- n\v ]pd-¯m-sW-¶p-Å-Xpw aäp hnhn[ Imc-W-
§ÄsImpw ChÀ¡v hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-bpsS `mK-am-Im³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. ]s£, Cu
hn`m-K-§Äs¡m-s¡bpw A£-cm-`ym-k-¯n-eq-sSbpw ss\]pWn hnI-k-\-¯n-eq-sS-bp-
sams¡ Hcp kmaqly ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS Ah-k-c-§Ä Dm-I-Ww. Hcm-fpsS
PohnXw t]mepw, hyÀ°-a-sÃ-¶pw -Hmtcm P·-¯n\pw Ah-cpsS ]canXnIÄ Fs´m-
s¡- -s¶-bm-bm-epw -km-aq-ly-Po-hn-X-¯n henb {]m[m-\y-ap-v F¶pw kzbw Xncn- -dn-
bm\pw aäp-Å-hÀ¡v A¯cw [mcW Dm-Ip-hm-\p-apÅ D¶-X-amb [mÀ½n-I-t_m[w
kaqlw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv, kmI-eyXm Pohn-X-¯nsâ (Inclusive Life) A´:k¯
km[q-I-cn-¡-s -Sp-I.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnZym-`ymkw, sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\w,
sXmgn F¶nh \ÂIm-\pÅ FÃm kml-N-cy-s¯bpw t{]mÂkm-ln-¸n-t¡- -Xm-Wv.
AXn-ep-]-cn, hfsc t_m[-]qÀÆ ]cn-{i-a-¯n-eq-sS, C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v, hnZym-`ym-
khpw sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgnepw \ÂIm-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä Hcp-¡m³ km[y-
amb FÃm {ia-§fpw kaq-l-sa-¶-\n-e-bn \S-¯p-hm³ \mw _m[y-Ø-cm-Wv.
imkv{X kmt¦-XnI hnZy Gsd apt¶m«pt]mbn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ B[p-\nI Ime-
¯v, I¼yq-«À kmt¦-Xn-IX kaÀ°-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯n _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{Inb IqSp-XÂ KpW-]-chpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-am¡n am\-äm-\m-
hpw. AtXm-sSm¸w CtX kmt¦-XnI hnZybpsS klm-b-¯mÂX-s¶, aqey-\nÀ®-
bhpw ]co£m k{¼-Zm-b-hp-sams¡ hnI-kn-¸n-s -Sp-¡m-\p-am-hpw.
tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-
bnÂ, kPoh km¶n-[y-am-Ip-¶-hn[w kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ (State Apex
Institute) {]hÀ¯\w ]p\:kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww. A¡m-Z-an-I-an-Ihpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb
70
FÃm \nb-{´-Whpw s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ t\cn-«pÅ \nb{´W¯n cq]o-Ir-
X-amb kzbw- -c-Wm-h-Imi Øm]-\-amb Cu kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯eqsS-bm-h-
Ww. Cu kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯n\v \mev taJ-em-tI-{µ-§Ä tIc-f-¯nsâ
hnhn[ `mK-§-fn-embn Øm]n-¡-Ww. Cu \mev taJem tI{µ§-fn-eqsS PnÃ-bnepw
Xmeq-¡v, ]©m-b¯v tI{µo-I-cn¨pw ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä GtIm-]n-¸nt¡- -Xm-
Wv. C -c-samcp kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ LS-\m-Nn{Xw CtXm-sSm¸w tNÀ¡p-I-bm-Wv.
71
72
STATE LEVELCENTRE
Medical Department: Paediatrician Neurologist Psychiatrist Psychologist Physiatrist
Early Intervention: Speech Therapist Physio Therapist Occupational Therapist Behaviour Therapist
MentalChallenge
Autism CerebralPalsy
MultipleDisabilities
ChildhoodMental Illness
LearningDisorder
Vocational Department: Rehabilitation Village:
Employment:
.
STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Apex Body)
Regional Centre(North)
Regional Centre(High Range)
Regional Centre(Central)
Regional Centre(South)
TVPMKLMPTAALPY
TSRPKDMLPMKKD
KTMIDKIEKMEKM
WYNDKNRKSGD
Taluk Level Centre
Local Level Centre
District LevelDistrict LevelDistrict LevelDistrict Level
STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Proposed Facilities)
HumanResources
Development
HelpDesk Canteen Transportation
SpecialSchool
EmploymentExchange
Follow upServicesResearch
Respite Home
HostelLibrary Service Centre
VocationalCounselling EmploymentIntervention
StudentsParents
74
tIc-f- n Xncp-h-\- -]pcw ]m§-¸m-d-bn-epÅ kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb
sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne©vUv (SIMC) F¶ Øm]\w,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ, _p²n-am-µy-hn-`m-K-¯n\v am{X-am-bmWv
Ct¸mÄ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Øm]-\-s -X-s¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
AXm-b-Xv _p²n-a-mµyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-
tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§nb FÃm hn`m-K-§-fp-sSbpw t\cs¯ Is- Â (Early
Detection), t\cs¯ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention), khn-tij hnZym-`ym-kw (Special
Education), sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-tI{µw (Vocational Training) XpS-§nb ]p\-c-[n-hmk
{]hÀ -\-§sf GtIm-]n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿p¶
kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-ambn hnI-kn-¸n-¡m-\m-Ipw. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, tIc-f-¯n C -c-samcp kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ Bh-iy-IX
AXy-[nIw ASn-b-´nc kz`m-h-t¯msS \nÀÆ-ln-t¡--Xp-v.
tIc-f- n Øm]n-t¡ C -c-samcp kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nÂ, Ct¸mÄ
Dt±-in-¨n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm Un¸mÀ«vsaâp-Ifpw Øm]n-¨p-I-gn-ªmÂ, kwØm-\-s¯, apgp-
h³ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-scbpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-§-sfbpw
_m[n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm {]iv\-§-fnepw t\cn«v CS-s]-Sm³ Ignbpw. F¶v am{X-a-Ã, Ah-
cpsS C¶s¯ \ncm-im-P-\-I-amb Pohn-Xs¯ {]Xo-£m-\nÀ -c-amb Ah-Ø-bn-
te¡v \bn-¡m³, Cu s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-¯n\v Ign-bp-Ibpw sN¿pw. kzImcy
k¶² kwL-S-\-IÄ \S-¯n-h-cp¶ Cu taJ-e-bn-epff kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fp-sSbpw
A¡m-Z-an-Ihpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb FÃm tkh-\-§fpw Cu tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n-eqsS \nÀÆ-
ln-¡m³I-gn-bpw. Bcw- -¯nÂXs¶, hyh-Øm-]n-X-amb Hcp amÀ¤w _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hn`m-K-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fpsS Imcy-
¯n Dm-Ip-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, C -c-¯n-epÅ hyàn-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-khpw ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-
hp-sam-s¡, hfsc imkv{Xo-b-am-bn-¯s¶ hnP-b-I-c-ambn \nÀÆ-ln-¡m³ Ign-bpw.
\ne-hn kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nÂ
kvs]jy kvIqÄ, kvs]jy kvIqÄ tlmÌÂ, {Sm³kvt]mÀ-t«-j³, ^nkn-tbm-sX-
dm-¸n, shmt¡-j-WÂ ss{S\nw-Kv, ]vsfbvkvsaâv, t]câv Iu¬kn-enw-Kv t{]m{Kmw,
t]câvkv s{Sbn-\nwKv t{]m{Kmw, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³ t{]m{Kmw, Sot¨gvkv s{Sbn-\nwKv
Unt¹ma tImgvkv F¶o kÀÆo-kp-IÄ \ÂIn-h-cp-¶p. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n 130 _p²n-
am-µy-apÅ Ip«n-Ifpw 57 Poh-\-¡m-cp-ap-v. kvXpXyÀl-amb coXn-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn\v
tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n\v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc Ign-bp-¶p-v. ]s£, kwØm-\-s¯, apgp-h³
_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-¯n {Inbm-ß-I-amb coXn-bn CS-s]-Sm-\pÅ
{]m]vXn, tÌäv C³Ìn-äyp«v C\nbpw BÀÖn-t¡--Xp-v. hn -h-]-c-ambn B tijn hnI-kn-
¸n-s -¦n am{X-ta, tÌäv C³kn-än-äyqs«¶ k¦-ev]-¯n\v A\p-]q-c-I-amb hn[-¯nÂ
{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Biz-kn-¡m³ Ign-bq. Ct¸m-gpÅ FÃm Poh-\-¡mcpw IcmÀ
hyh-Ø-bn tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-htcm AX-sÃ-¦n Znhk thX-\-¡mtcm am{X-am-Wv.
Cusbmcp Ah-Ø, Poh-\-¡m-cpsS {]hÀ -\-¯n-sâbpw tkh-\-§-fp-sSbpw
XpSÀ¨sb _m[n-¡p-¶p-v. Cusbmcp kml-Ncyw Ømbn-bmb Øm]-\-¯nsâ
hfÀ¨bv¡v klm-b-I-c-a-Ã. Poh-\-¡mÀ, s]mXp-th, D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯msS {]hÀ¯n-
¡m³, klm-b-I-c-am-hp¶ Hc-´-co£w Dm-hp-I-sb-¶-Xv, hfsc {][m-\-am-Wv. AXp-
sIm-p-X-s¶, Znh-k-th-X\w IcmÀhy-hØ F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä amän,
tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen Ne-©vUnsâ (SIMC) FÃm Poh-\-¡m-scbpw Ønc-am-
bn, \nb-an-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t¡-Xv Gähpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.
Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn. bn \ne-hn-epÅ tkh-\-§Ä hfsc ]cnan-X-amb F®w
KpW-t`m-àm-¡-fnse Ct¸mÄ F¯n-¡m-\m-hp-¶p-Åq. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw PnÃsb tI{µo-
I-cn-¨pÅ {]hÀ -\-§-fm-Wv, Ct¸mÄ {][m-\-ambpw \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv. aäv PnÃ-I-fnepw
aäv kwØm-\-§-fnÂ\n-s¶-¯nb A\m-Y-cmb _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cp-sam-s¡, Cu
Øm]-\-¯n At -hm-kn-I-fmbpv. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ {]hÀ¯\w kzm`m-hn-I-
ambpw hn`m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xv, _p²n-amµy ]p\-c-[n-hmk taJ-e-bn kwØm-\- m-
sIbpÅ {]hÀ -\-§sf GtIm-]n-¸-n¡p-Ibpw A¡m-Z-anI amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä
\ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI F¶-Xp-am-Wv. B AÀ°-¯n tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ
{]hÀ -\-§Ä Gsd hn]p-eo-I-cn-t¡--Xp-v.
tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v ASp¯ km¼-¯nI hÀj-¯n cv taJem tI{µ-§Ä IqSn
XpS-§p-hm³ XXz-¯n Xocp-am-\n-¨n-«p-v. BsI \mev taJem tI{µ-§-fmWv
kwØm-\¯v hn`m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. Cu taJ-em-tI-{µ-§-fn-eqsS Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn.
76
bpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf kwØm-\-¯msI hntI-{µo-I-cn-t¡--Xp-v. ]p\-c-[n-hmk tkh\
{]hÀ -\-§-fpsS Cu hntI-{µo-I-cW {]hÀ -\-§-fn-eqsS, kwØm-\-¯pÅ
_p²n-]-c-ambn {]iv\-§-f-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS FÃmw Pohn-X-¯n {Inbm-ß-I-ambn CS-
s]-Sm\pw Ahsc imào-I-cn-¡m\pw tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n\v Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯n FÃm
{]hÀ¯\ ]²-Xn-Ifpw Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-¸m-t¡-Xp-v. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ ]cn-
an-X-amb [\-Imcy ØnXn-bnÂ\n-¶v, kwØm-\s¯ c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pÅ t_m[-h¡-
cW ]cn-]m-Sn, \à \ne-bn Ct¸mÄ \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p. t_m[-h¡-cW ]²-Xn-¡m-bn,
B[p-\nI kmt¦-XnI hnZy-bpsS klm-b-¯mÂ, hn]p-e-amb ]²-Xn-IÄ Fkv. sF.-Fw.-
kn. Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp-h-cp-¶p-v.
t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bpI (Early Detection) XpS§n sXmgn t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xp
hsc-bpÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS hnhn[ L«-§-fn-epÅ {]hÀ -\-§Ä
Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn. Ct¸mÄ \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v. Ipd¨p hÀj-§-fmbn Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw
kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯n ]¯v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p. Cu hÀjw 20 Hmfw apXnÀ¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ Xnc-h-\- -]p-cs¯ In³{ -]mÀ¡n tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p. Fkv. sF.-
Fw.-kn. se shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶ A-t´-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp¶ ChÀ, Ct¸mÄ
A{Xbpw IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v hcp-am\ t{kmX-Êmbn amdp-¶, kmaqly kw`m-h-\-IÄ
sN¿p¶ ]uc-·m-cmbn hfÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Fs¶¶pw kmaqly _m[y-X-bmWv F¶
iImc hm¡p-IÄ¡v, Cu Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯n Hcp Øm\-hp-an-söv tPmen
sN¿p¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ ChÀ sXfn-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
Fkv.sF.-Fw.-kn. bn ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn Xncp-h-\- -]pcw kb³kv Bâv
sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯n tXm«-¡m-c-\mbn tPmen-sN-¿p¶ IS-bv¡m-hqÀ¡m-c-\mb
{io. kPo-hm-Wv, Cu hÀjw tZio-b-X-e-¯n Gähpw \à shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp¶ tPmen-
¡m-c-\mbn sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸«v _lp. cmjv{S-]-Xn-bnÂ\n¶pw AhmÀUv kzoI-cn-¨Xv.
Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn. bpsS amXrIm-]-c-amb {]hÀ -\-¯nsâ ^e-ambn kn²n¨
A]qÀÆ-amb _lp-aXn-bm-WnXv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-sa¶ {]iv\w GXm-bmepw
Gsd NÀ -sN-¿p¶ Kuc-hamb kmaqly hnj-b-ambn ]cn-W-an¨p F¶-Xn\v I½o-j\v
77
tIcf t]mXp-k-aq-l-t¯mSv A\Â]-amb IS-¸m-Sp- v. CXv XoÀ¯pw tIcf hnZym-`ymk
Ncn-{X-¯nse kphÀ® aplqÀ -am-Wv. Cu Ah-k-c-¯nÂ, tIc-f-¯n _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§sf imào-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw
AXn-s\mcp Znim-t_m[w ]I-cp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Ncn-{X-\n-sbmKw Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-hÀ,
_lp-am-\y-\mb ap³ hnZym-`ym-k-a{´n {io. C. Sn. apl-½Zv _joÀ \nco-£n-¨Xp-t]m-se,
'Ncn-{X-¯m-fp-I-fn Imes¯ AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯m³ `mKyw kn²n- -h-cm-Wv'. Cu I½o-
js\ ]T-\- n-\mbn \ntbm-Kn¨ C¶s¯ hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v a{´n Gähpw BZ-c-Wo-
b-\mb {io. ]n.-sI. A_v±p-d-ºn\v B Ncn-{X-\n-tbmKw Gsä-Sp-¡m³ `mKy-ap-m-hs«!
hnZym- ymkw-þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Htc-Io-IrX ]mTy-]-²-
Xn-bpw
]T-\-co-Xnbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww .
kaq-l-¯n\v hne-s¸« tkh\w \ÂIp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cnSp-¶-h-À¡m-bpÅ kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-À¡v, aäv kam\
kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS (A-Ô-þ-_-[n-c) tkh-\þthX\ hyh-
Ø-IÄ ASn-b-´n-c-ambn \ÂIWw. am\y-amb thX\w e`n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv, hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ¯\w KpW-]-chpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb Hcp {]{Inb
AÃm-Xm-¡p-Ibpw BXy-´n-I-am-bn AXv Ip«n-I-fpsS ASn-Øm\ Ah-Imi
ewL-\hpw Poh-\-¡m-cpsS \oXn \ntj-[-hp-ambn ]cn-Wan-¡p-I-bpw
sN¿pw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ ]ptcm-K-Xn-
bpsS HmtcmL-«¯nepw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v \nco-£n-¡mhp¶ Xc-
¯nepw Bh-iy-am-sW- ¦n CS-s]-S \S¯m-hp¶ hn[-¯nepw
hnZym-`ymk k{¼-Zmbw kpXm-cy-am- bn-cn-¡-Ww
tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ (_p-²n-ssh-I-eyw,
Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw)
Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw
78
amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µw F{Xbpw
s]s«¶v Øm]n-¡-Ww.
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw \oco-£n-
¡p¶Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw kwØm-\-Xe
D¶-XtI-{µ¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n \nc-´c ]cn-tim-[-\-IÄ \S-t - -Xm-Wv.
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¨p-sImncn-¡p¶
Ip«n-IÄ¡p-thn BtcmKy hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n, Hm¡p-
t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-bÀ sXdm¸n Ch \ÂI-Ww.
hnI-emwK \nbaw 1995 (PWD Act 1995) A\p-im-kn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ am\-Z-
WvU-§Ä ]cn-]m-en-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-am{Xsa ]n.-U-»q.Un cPn-kvt{S-j³
\ÂImhq.
* ]cym-]vX-amb ASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§-fpÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ¡v IrXy-
amb am\-Z-WvV-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n Fbn-UUv ]Zhn \ÂIp¶-Xns\
kw_-Ôn¨v kÀ¡mÀ ASn-b-´n-c-ambn ]cn-tim-[n¡Ww.
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kvIqfp-I-fn A²ym-]I þ
A²ym-]-tI-Xnc hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw sshI-ey-¯nsâ Xo{h-X-b-\p-k-cn¨v
hyà-ambn \nÀh-Nn-¡pIbpw AXn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn Poh-\-¡m-cpsS F®w
\nÝbn-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡m-bpÅ kvIqfp-IÄ X½n-epÅ
Zqc-]-cn[n FÃm-Xcw Ip«n-IÄ¡pw ^e-{]-Z-amb tkh\w e`n-¡p¶ hn[-¯nÂ
]men-t¡XmWv
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS kvIqfp-I-fn Ah-cpsS
ka-{Khn-I-k-\-¯n\v Bh-iy-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-§fpw sXdm-]yq-«nIv
klmb D]-I-c-W§fpw Ds¶v Dd-¸m-¡-Ww..
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÄs¸sS FÃm hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fp-sSbpw
hnZym`ym-ks¯ Hc-[ym-b-ambn DÄs -Sp¯n tIcf hnZym-`ymk N«w ]cn-jv¡-
cn-¡-Ww. .
* _Uvkv kvIqfp-I-fnepw kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn-epw s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-
fnepw \ne-hn-epÅ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Bh-iy-amb tbmKyX CsænÂ
79
tbmKyX BÀÖn-¡m-\pÅ ka-b-]-cn[n \ÂIn aäp kam\ kvs]jyÂ
kvIqÄ (A-Ô-þ-_-[n-c) Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh\ thX\
hyhØIÄ Dd¸m-¡-Ww.
* Bb-amÀ¡pw, kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn v ASn-
Øm\[mcW Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bn AwKo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb
{lkz-Ime ]cn-io-e\w \ÂI-Ww.
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-I-fn kÀ¡mÀ
AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ IrXy-amb amÀ¤-tc-J-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb A²ym-]I, c£-IÀXr
kwL-S\ \nÝ-b-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww.
* {]tXyI hnZym-`ymkam-bmepw kwtbm-Pn-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-bm-epw, _p²n-]-camb
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS hyàn-KX ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v (sF.C.]n)
{]m[m\yw \ÂI-Ww. ^e-{]-Z-amb hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\,v sF.-C.-]n. F¶Xv
Hmtcm Ip«n-bp-tSbpw ASn-Øm\ hnZym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-tc-J-bmbn ]cn-K-
Wn-¡-Ww
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-IÄ GXv kwhn-[m-\-
¯nsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-em-bmepw hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä \nb-{´n-¡p-¶Xv
hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
* khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-epw, kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ym-k-¯nepw DÄs¸-Sm¯
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-tij hnZym-
`ym-k-¯n-\pÅ kuIcyw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-tij
hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v \mj-W Hm¸¬ kvIqÄ amXr-I-bn {]tXyI ]mTy-]-
²Xn-bpw, ]co-£-bpw, kÀ«n^n-¡äv \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\hpw Dm-bn-
cn¡Ww
* skdn-{_ ]mÄkn _m[n¨ Ip«n-I-fpsS imco-cnI sshI-ey-§Ä adn-I-S-
¡m³ km[n¡p¶-co-Xn-bn-epÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-cW kwhn-[m-\-§Ä
kvIqfpI-fn Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
80
* skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th sXdm-¸n-IÄ e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v
GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ apX thmt¡-j-W bqWo-äp-IÄ hscbpÅ kwhn-
[m\w kvIqfp-I-fn Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
* skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw ikv{X- {In-
b-Ifpw kuP-\y ambn e`y-am-¡-Ww.
* _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯nsâ hym]vXn A\p-k-
cn¨v ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw, ]T-\-co-Xn-Ifpw (DZm-l-c-W-ambn _lp-Xe C{µob
kao-]\w AYhm aÄ«nsk³kdn At{]m¨v) \S-¸m-¡-Ww.
* Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Krlm-[n-jvTnX (tlmw_uv) t{]m{Kmw
IqSp-XÂ ià-ambn \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv. sXdm¸n-Ìnsâ tkh\w IqSn e`y-am-
¡p¶ hn[¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww CXv Bkq-{XWw sNt¿--Xv.
* skdn-{_ ]mÄkn, _p²n-ssh-I-eyw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw Ch DÅ-hÀ¡v ]cn
lmc ikv{X-{In-bbpw (Id-IvSohv kÀPdnbpw) klm-b-D-]-I-c-W-§fpw
kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.
* _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS C{µnb {]tNm-Z-\-¯n-\mbn B[p-\nI kmt¦-
XnIhnZy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v sXdm-¸n-Ìp-I-fpsS
tkh\w e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
* Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡,v DZm-l-c-W-ambn _[n-cm-Ô-X-bpÅ Ip«n-
IÄ¡pam{X-ambn ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn hnZym-`ym-k-þ-]-cn-N-cW
tI{µ-§Ä kÀ¡mÀ XpS-§p-Itbm AsÃ-¦n kzImcy taJ-ebv¡v Bcw-
`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ k¼qÀ® klmbw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.
* ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯n\v A\p-k-cn-¨pÅ
A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn-epw, ]mT-]p-kvX-I- nepw \nÀ_Ô-am-
¡-Ww.
* ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n DÄs -Sp-¯m³ Ign-bm¯{X Xo{h-amb ]
T-\-sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS ]co-£-bpsS hnj-b-§Ä \nÝ-bn-
¡p-¶-Xn DZm-c-amb kao-]\w Dm-hWw
(DZm: IW-¡n-\p-]-Icw I¼yq«À AsÃ-¦n sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnj-b-
§Ä)
81
]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-Isf IrXy-ambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw hne-bn-cp¯n
Ah-cpsS ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-¯nsâ coXn-bpw, kz`m-hhpw Is- p-¶-Xn\v
imkv{Xob kwhn-[m\w kvIqfp-I-fn Dm-bncn-¡-Ww.
]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÄs¸sS Ip«n-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v
s]m-Xp-hnZymeb-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v [mc-W -e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Sn Sn
kn, _n.-F-Uv, Fw. FUv ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn Hcp t]¸-dmbn Cu hnjbw
DÄs -Sp- -Ww.
]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅhcpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v {]tXyI kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-
cn-¡-Ww. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅhÀ¡v sF.Sn-sF, t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-¡v, F³Pn-\n-
b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ss^\mSvkv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ssI tXmgn ]cn-io-e\
tImgvkp-IÄ XpS-§nbh-bn \nÝnX iX-am\w kwh-cWw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -
Ww.
]T\ sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]co£ Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-
Xn-IÄ ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv {]mKÛyw sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kvss{I_v DÄs -sS-
bpÅ klm-b§Ä e`y-am-hp-s¶¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww. Cu kwhn-[m\w
AhÀ lmP-cm-¡p¶ FÃmtbmKyXm ]co-£-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-¡-Ww.
khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«n-k-
apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Hm«n-k-¯n {]tXyI ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨
A²ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w e`y-am-¡-Ww.
s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fn-epw, khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«nk-
ap-ff Ip«nIÄ¡mbn {]tXyIw dntkmgvkv dpw kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-t¡--
XmWv.
ssiih at\m-tcmKw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v Xmeq-¡m-ip-]{Xn Xe-¯n-se-
¦nepw sskIym{Sn¡v tkh\w Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww
ssiih at\m-tcm-Ks¯¡pdn¨v [mcW Dm-Ip-¶-Xn-\mbn \ne-hn-epÅ
kvIqÄ Iu¬-kn-te-gvkn\v ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-Ibpw Iu¬kn-eÀamÀ \ne-
hn-en-Ãm¯ kvYe-§-fn Ahsc \nb-an-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
82
ssiih at\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw Ahsc \nco-£n-
¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pambn sskIym{Sn hmÀUn-t\m-Sp-tNÀ¶v
Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn XewapXÂ Hcp ¢n\n¡v Dmbn-cn-¡-Ww.
ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf apJy-[mcm hnZym-`ymk coXn-tbm-sSm¸w
sImpt]m-Ip-¶-Xn\pw kvIqfp-I-fn A²ym]-IÀ¡v khn-tij ]cn-io-e\w
\ÂI-Ww.
ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn A\p-
tbm-Py-amb sXmgnep-I-fn ap³K-W\ Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.
ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kuP-\y-amb NnIn-Õbpw, acp¶pw
e`y-am-
¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Iem-`n-cpNn hfÀ¯p-¶-
Xn\pw t{]mÕmln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw PnÃm-Xew apX \ne-hn s]mXphn-Zym-
e-b-§-fn sN¿p¶-Xp-t]mse Item-Õhw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Item-Õhw km[m-c-W-
Ip-«n-I-fpsSItem-Õhw t]mse hyà-amb amÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§fpw am\-Z-
WvV-§fpw \nÝ-bn¨v ASp¡pw Nn«-tbmSpw IqSn \S- -Ww.
ItemÕh hnP-bn-IÄ¡v km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fn \ÂIp¶ AtX
k½m-\-XpI\ÂI-Ww. Hcp Xc-¯n-epÅ hnth-N-\hpw Dm-hm³ ]mSn-Ã.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Ign-hp-I-Ä hfÀ¯p-¶-Xn\v
km[mcW kvIqfp-I-fn kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-epÅ Imbn-I-ta-f-IÄ
kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.
\mj-W CâÀ \mj-W aÕ-c-§-fn ]s¦-Sp¯v hnP-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v
aäp-Im-bn-IXm-c-§Ä¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]cn-K-
W-\bpw \ÂI-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡mbn Kh¬saânsâ t\Xr-Xz-
¯nepw km¼-¯nI klm-b-¯nepw hÀ¡v FIvkv]o-cn-b³kv taf-IÄ
kwL-Sn-¸n-¡Ww.
83
B[p\nI tkm^väv shbÀ DÄs -sS-bpÅ kmt¦-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Kn¨v
_p²n-]-camb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]T-\-kw-hn-[m\w IqSp-XÂ
BIÀj-I-am-¡Ww.
Iem-Im-bnI hnt\mZ D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-
h-cpsS tijn-hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb ]mTy-{Iaw cq]-s -
Sp-¯Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnt\mZ kuI-cy-§Ä Dd-¸m-
¡m³ Aayqkvsaâv ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw hm«À Xow ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw Hcp klm-
bn-tbm-sSm¸w kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIm³ Øm]\ DS-a-IÄ¡v
\nÀt±iw \evI-Ww. C§s\ kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIp-¶-hÀ¡v \nIp-Xn-
bn-fhv A\p-h-Zn-bv¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
PnÃm BØm-\-§-fnepw Xmeq¡v BØm-\-§-fnepw ]©m-b¯v tI{µ-§-
fn-ep-w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-
§Ä¡pw hnt\m-tZm-]m-[nbv¡v klm-bn-¡p¶ tI{µ-§Ä XpS-§m³
{XnXe ]©m-b-¯p-IÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \evI-Ww.
Iem-þ-Im-bnIþhn-t\mZ tI{µ-§-fn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp¶hÀ¡v kuP\y \nc-¡n-epÅ {]th-i-\-¯n\pw ap³K-W-\m-Sn-Øm-\-
¯n {]th-i\ Sn¡äv e`y-am¡p-¶-Xn\pÅ Ah-k-c-ap-m-I-Ww.
s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fn ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶
Ip«n- I-Ä¡v ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw hyh-Øm-]n-Xambpw,
imkv{Xob amÀ¤- \nÀt±i-§-tfm-sSbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.
s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fn ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp¶hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sfbpw {]iv\-§-sfbpw Ipdn¨v t_m[-h¡-
cWw \ÂtI--Xm- Wv. C¯cw t_m[-h¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Npa-
Xe dntkmgvkv A²ym]-I-sc-bpw, {]Y-a²ym-]-I-scbpw G¸n-¡-Ww.
s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fn ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp¶hÀ¡v shmt¡j-W lbÀsk-¡-dn Xe-¯n sXmgn ]cn-io-e\
kuI-cy-§Ä Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
84
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃn-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn-
bv¡mbn Ip«n-IÄ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]ÝvNm-¯e kuIcyw \njvIÀjn-
¡p-Ibpw, Ip«n-bpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{Inb kpK-a-ambn \S-¯p-¶-Xn\p
klm-b-I-ambhnZymÀ°n þ A²ym-]I A\p-]mXw Dm-hp-Ibpw thWw.
Ip«n-I-fpsS Bh-iyhpw Ignhpw Adnªv ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-
¯n- epÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mT-]p-kvX-I- n Dm-bn-cn-¡-
Ww.
kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xn-bn DÄs¸-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kv]o v
sXdm-¸n, H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-
bÀ sXdm¸n Ch \ÂIp- ¶-Xn-\pÅ kuIcyw Hmtcm kvIqfnepw D-
m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä
ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶Xv AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯n ]cn-io-
e\w t\Sn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
‘Ubäv’ t]mepÅ {][m\ s{Sbn-\nwKv sksâ-dp-I-fn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hn- fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS taJ-e-bn sshZ-Kv²y-apÅ Bfp-
Isf D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.
dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w Ip«n-IÄ¡p-thn At§-bäw D]-tbm-K-
s¸Sp-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶-hn-[-¯n Ah-cpsS tPmen {Iao-I-cn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS \ne-hn-epÅ Ign-hnsâ {]mY-
anI \nÀ®-bhpw ]cn-io-e-\-t¯m-sSm¸w XpSÀaq-ey-\nÀ®-bhpw
\nÀ_-Ô-am-¡-Ww.
dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v hnZ-Kv²-amb
XpSÀ ]cn-tim-[-\-IÄ \S- -Ww.
kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-
IÀ¡v s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm
B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw e`y- am-¡-Ww. (Hmtc Øm]-\-¯n IqSp-XÂ
{]hÀ¯\w \S-¯p-¶-h-tcmSv km¼- ¯nI hnth-N\w ]mSnà )
85
s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n\pw khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\pw thn Nne-h-gn-
¡p¶
]W-hpw, hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡p-e-`n-¡p¶ ^e-{]m-]vXnbpw X½n Xmc-Xay ]
T\§Ä \nc-´cw \St --Xm-Wv.
Iuam-c-{]m-b-¯n-epÅ B¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw, s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw sshI-ey-
apÅ Ipªp-§fpmhm-\pÅ km[y-X-Isf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
hnhml]qÀÆ Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, kvIqÄ, tImtfPv Xe-¯n Xs¶ \ÂIp-
¶-Xn\v hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \ne-hn-epÅ GsX-¦nepw GP-³knIsf
Npa-Xes¸Sp- -Ww.
_lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS C{µnb {]tNm-Z-\-¯n-\mbn B[p-\nI
kmt¦-XnI hnZy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v sXdm-¸n-Ìp-I-
fpsS tkh\w e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡,v DZm-l-c-W-ambn _[n-cm-Ô-X-bpÅ
Ip«n-IÄ¡v am{X-ambn ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn hnZym-`ym-k-þ-]-cn-
N-cW tI{µ-§Ä kÀ¡mÀ XpS-§p-Itbm AsÃ-¦n kzImcy taJ-ebv¡v
Bcw-`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ k¼qÀ®klmbw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.
]T\ sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]co£ Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-Xn-
IÄ ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv {]mKÛyw sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kvss{I_v DÄs¸-sS-
bpÅ klm-b-§Ä e`y-am-hp-s¶¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww. Cu kwhn-[m\w
AhÀ lmP-cm-¡p¶ FÃm tbmKyXm ]co-£-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-¡-Ww
s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fn-epw, khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«nk-
ap-ff Ip«n- IÄ¡mbn {]tXyIw dntkmgvkv dpw kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-t¡--
XmWv.
ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf apJy-[mcm hnZym-`ymk coXn-tbm-sSm¸w
sImpt]m-Ip-¶-Xn\pw kvIqfp-I-fn A²ym]-IÀ¡v khn-tij ]cn-io-e\w
\ÂI-Ww.
86
tIkv ÌUn-hÀj-§-fpsS tkh\w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn kaÀ¸n¨ A²ym-]n-
I-amÀ tIc-f-¯n ]e-bn-S¯mbn Pohn-¡p-¶p-v. buÆ-\hpw a[y-h-b-Êp-sam-s¡, C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn-\m-h-iy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ þ tijn hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Adn-hp-IÄ t\Sp-¶-Xn\pw kaÀ¸n- v, km¼-¯nI Xmev]-cy-§-sfm¶pw ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-sX, A²ym-]-\-¯nsâ alXzwhÀ²n-¸n¨ Ipsd-tbsd A²ym-]n-I-amÀ. A -c-samcp A[ym-]n-I-bm-Wv, ] -\w-Xn« PnÃ-bn-epÅcmP½ So¨À.
cmP½ So¨À Ht«sd _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-Isf Pohn-X-¯n-te¡vssI]n-Sn- p-bÀ¯nb A[ym-]n-I-bm-Wv. A¡m-Z-anI ]cn-io-e-\-¯n am{X-a-Ã, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn tIc-f-¯n Fhn-sS-h¨pw kvt]mSvkv þ Iem-aÂk-c-§Ä \S-¶mepwHcp-Im-e- v, AXnsâ ap³\n-c-bn FÃm D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-§fpw Ath-i-]qÀÆw Gsä-Sp¯v NSp-e-ambHcp km¶n-[y-ambn So¨-dp-m-bn-cp-¶p. A²ym-]n-I-sb¶ \ne-bnÂ, AhÀ hm§n¨ Gähpw DbÀ¶i¼fw Bbncw cq]-bn Xmsg-bm-bn-cp-¶p. tPmen sN¿p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bn Xs¶-bm-Wv, Ah-cpsSPohnXw XInSw adn- p-sIm-v, Xsâ FÃm tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡pw Xm§mbn XW-embn IqsS-\n-¶n-cp¶ `À¯m-hnsâ BI-kvanI A´yw. Pohn-X-¯nsâ \ncm-im-]qÀ®-amb \ngÂ, cmP½So¨dpsS apJ-t¯¡pw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]SÀ¶p. tPmen-sN-¿p¶ kvs]jy kvIqÄ, kvIqfnsâssZ\w-Zn\Bh-iy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¡m³ Xs¶ s]Sm-¸mSv s]Sp¶ kml-N-cyw, klm-bn-¡m\m-cp-an-Ãm¯ Ah-Ø. kmlm-b- nsâ km´z-\-sam-¶p-an-Ãm-sX, \ncm-i-bmbn Ign-bp-¶-Xn-\n-sS-bm-Wv, cmP-½-So-¨À¡v]£m-LmXw kw -hn-¡p-¶-Xv. Dm-bn-cp¶ sIm¨p-h-cp-am-\w-t]mepw ]qÀ®-ambpw \ne-¨p. Zpc- -§Ä hopw t]am-cn-bmbn Pohn-X-¯n XnanÀ¯p s]bvXp-sIm-n-cp-¶p. A¯m-Wn-bn-Ãm-sX,Bizmkw ]I-cm³ Bcp-an-Ãm-sX, cmP-½-So-¨À C¶pw \nkz-bmbn kz´w ho«nse CcpÄaq-Snb apdn-bnÂ, Hcp-]t£ kz -ambn H¶pw sN¿m-\m-hmsX Ign-ªn-cp¶ Ip«n-Isf Pohn-X-¯nsâ Ccp-«p-ap-dn-I-fnÂ\n¶v ]qap-J-t¯¡v ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯n-b-Xnsâ Bß-lÀj-¯nÂ, B HmÀ½-IÄ \ÂIp¶km´z-\-¯n Hä-s¸«v Ign-bp-¶p.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]co-io-en- n¨ A[ym-]-Isc kw_-Ôn¨v, Ccp-]-¯n-b©pw ap¸Xpw hÀjw \op-\n-ev¡p¶ A[ym-]\ Pohn-X-¯nsâ _m¡n-]-{X-am-Wv C -c- n-semcp Pohn-Xw. kmaq-ly-ambn Hcp kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw CXp-h-sc-bmbn e`y-am-Im-¯, tIc-f- nseGI hn`m-K-amImw Cu A[ym-]n-I-amÀ. s]³j-\n-Ã, s{]mhn-Uâv ^nÃ, t£a-\n-[n-bn-Ã. kpZoÀL-amb tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Äs¡m-Sp-hnÂ, {]mb-¯sâ \nb-{ -W-§Ä tcmK-§-fmbn apt¶m-«pÅ{]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v XS-Ê-am-Ip-t¼mÄ, H¶pw I¿n-en-Ãm-sX, ssIho-in, Ghn-sS-sbm-¡tbm Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ Imcp-Wy-¯n-sâbpw kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw \o¡n-bn-cp¸v am{Xw ssIap-X-embn A\n-Ýn-X-Xz-§-fpsS \nÊm-lm-b-X-I-fn-te¡v Cd-§n-s¨-Ãp-¶, Cu A[ym-]n-I-am-sc, þ AÀ°-]qÀ®hpwXymK-]qÀ®hp-amb Pohn-Xs¯ þ kaq-l-sa¶ \ne-bn \mw Ipsd-¡qSn Kuc-h-]qÀÆw, BZ-c-]qÀÆw ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--XtÃ?
A²ym-bw-þ5
87
am\h -hn- -h-tijn hnI-k\w(Human Resource Dvelopment)
_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS taJ-e-bnse hnZ-Kv²-cpsS
A`mhw ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ hen-sbmcp hne-§p-X-Sn-bm-
Wv. dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn Hm^v C´y (BÀ. kn.-sF) -bpsS cq]o-I-c-W-t¯m-
sS-bmWv, C´y-bn Cu cwK-¯v, {]Xo-£m-\nÀ -c-amb Hcp hfÀ -bp-m-b-Xv. ]p\-c-[n-
hmk hnZym-`ym-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkp-IÄ apX tUmIvS-dÂ
Un{Kn-h-tc-bpÅ tImgvkp-I-fpsS kne-_kv {Iao-I-cn-¡Â, tImgvknsâ \S-¯n-¸n\v
taÂt\m«w hln-¡Â, ]co-£ -\-S-¯Â, kÀ«n-^n-¡äv hnX-c-Ww, dolm-_n-en-tä-j³
Iu¬kn Hm^v C´y-bn s{]m^-j-W-embn cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-I-sb¶ \nb-a-]-c-amb
D -c-hm-ZnXzw XpS-§n-bh \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶Xph-sc-bpÅ {]hÀ -\-§sf GtIm-]n-
¸n¡p¶ Hcp `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv, BÀ.-kn.-sF.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-c-psS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-L«-§-fn t\cs -
bpÅ CS-s]-S (Early Intervention) XpS§n sXmgn hsc-bpÅ {]hÀ -\-§sf
imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]p\:kwL-mS\w sN¿m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ, ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-
bsb klm-bn-¡p¶ am\h hn -h-tijn hÀ²-\-hn-\pÅ hnhn[ tImgvkp-I-fmWv BÀ.-
kn. sF. aptJ\ C´y-bn C¶p \S-¡p-¶-Xv. Ah Xmsg-tNÀ¡p¶p:
I - _p²n-amµyw
1. Fw.-F-Uv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)
2. _n. Fkv.-kn. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ Bâv dolm-hn-en-tä-j³
3. t]mÌv {KmPp-th-ddv s{]m^-j-W Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³
(Fw.-BÀ)
4. _n.-FUv. C³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)
5. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ GÀfn CâÀsh³j³.
6. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)
7. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kv]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw. BÀ)
8. Unt¹ma C³ GÀfn ssNÂUvlpUv kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³.
88
10. Un]vtfmam C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)
II - Hm«nkw kvs]Iv{Sw UntkmÀUÀ
1. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j-j³ (F. Gkv. Un)
2. _n.-F-Uv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (F. Gkv. Un)
III - skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn
1. _n.-F-Uv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (temt¡m-tam-t«mÀ Bâv \yqtdm-f-Pn-¡Â
Untkm-tUÀkv)
2. _n.-F-Uv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (aÄ«n-¸nÄ Untk-_n-enän)
3. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (aÄ«n-¸nÄ
Untk-_n-enän ^nkn-¡Â Bâv \yqtdm)
4. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ sUh-e-¸vsaâ sXdm¸n (aÄ«n-¸nÄ
Untk-_n-enän ^nkn-¡Â Bâv \yqtdm)
5. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j-j³ (skdn-{_ ]mÄkn
6. Un]vtfma C³ t_kn¡v Uh-e- vsaâ sXdm-¸n.
IV
1. _m¨n-eÀ C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ sXdm¸n
2. Un]vtfma C³ dotlm-_n-en-tä-j³ sXdm-¸n.
3. kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkv C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ sXdm-¸n.
V- shmt¡-j-W Iu¬kn-enwKv Bâv dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ tkmjy hÀ¡v AUvan-\n-
kvt{S-j³
1. amÌÀ C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ kb³kv.
2. amÌÀ Hm^v kb³kv (ssk-t¡m-þ-tkm-jy dolm-_n-en-tä-j³)
3. amÌÀ C³ Untk-_n-enän dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ AUvan-\n-kvt{S-j³.
4. amÌÀ Hm^v BÀ«vkv tkmjy hÀ¡v C³ Untk-_n-en-än- Ì-Uokv Bâv
B£³.
5. _m¨n-eÀ C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ kb³kv.
6. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ Untk-_n-enän dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Bâv amt\-Pv-saâv.
89
VI- sIbÀ KnhnwKv
1. kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkv C³ sIbÀ Knhnw-Kv.
VII- ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw
1. Fw.-F-Uv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³.
2. _n. FUv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³.
3. Un]vtfma C³ Iayq-Wnän s_bvkvUv dolm-_n-en-tä-j³.
VIII- dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ sskt¡m-fPn
1. Gw. ^n (do-lm-_n-en-tä-j³ sskt¡m-f-Pn)
2. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ do-lm-_n-en-tä-j³ sskt¡m-f-Pn.
]t¯mfw tImgvkp-IÄ dolm-_nentäj³ Iu¬kn Hm^v C´y (BÀ. kn.
sF) hnZqc hnZym-`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v.
_p²n-]-c-ambn thÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn tIc-f-¯n \S-¯p¶
A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ Xmsg tNÀ¡p¶p:
1. Fw.-F-Uv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)
2. Fw.-F-Uv. kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)
3. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)
4. Un]vtfma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv Bâv Fw]vtfm-bvsaâv (Fw.-BÀ).
5. Un]vtfma C³ FUyp-t¡-j³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (F.-F-kv. Un)
6. Un]vtfma C³ FUyp-t¡-j³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³ (skdn-{_ ]mÄkn)
7. Un]vtfma C³ Iayq-Wn-än- s_bvkvUv dolm-_n-en-tä-j³.
8. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv s{]m^-j-W Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jy FUyq-t¡-j³.
Cu tImgvkp-IÄ ]mÊmb Iptd-t¸sc-¦nepw aäv Ø-e-§-fn tPmen tXSn
t]mIp-¶p-mhWw. C¯cw hnZKv²-cmb ]p\-c-[n-hmk s{]m^-j-W-ep-Isf IqSp-XÂ ]
pd-¯v hn-Sm-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä tIc-f- n-en\nbpw Hcp-t¡--Xp-v.- Ir-Xy-amb IW-¡p-
IÄ H¶pwXs¶ e`y-a-sÃ-¦nepw, sNdn-sbmcp iX-am-\-¯n\v am{Xw tk-h\w e`y-am-Ip¶
hnZ-Kv²cpw kwhn-[m-\-§fpw am{Xta, Ct¸mÄ tIc-f-¯n-ep-Åp-sh-¶Xv kphn-Zn-X-amb
hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.
90
tIc-f- nse kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-IÄ DĸsS AwKo-Imcw \evIn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-
cp¶ Un{Kn-þ-Un-]vtfma A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ§-fpsS F®w 16 BWv. GÃmw-
Xs¶ kzImcy taJ-e-bn-em-Wv. ASp- -hÀjw- ap-XÂ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`m-bk hIp-
¸nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯nÂ, cp-tIm-gvkp-IÄ IqSn Bcw-`n-¡m-\m-hp-sa-¶v{]-Xo-£n-¡p-I-bm-
Wv. _m¡n-sbÃm tImgvkp-Ifpw kÀ¡m-cn-Xc k¶-²-kw-L-S-\-IfpsS ap³ssI-bnÂ
{]hÀ¯n¨p hcp-¶-Xm-Wv. Cu Øm]-\-§-sfbpw \ne-\nÀ¯m³ kÀ¡mÀ klmb
lkvXw \ot«--Xp-v. hnZ-Kv²sc tIc-f- n C\nbpw Bh-iy-ap-s-¦n-epw, C¯cw
A[ym-]I ]cnioe\ tI{µ-§Ä¡v {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Ah-Ø-bp-ap-v. ]cn-io-e\
tI{µ-§-fn hnZ-Kv²-cmb A[ym-]-Isc \nb-an-¡-W-sa-¦n kmam\yw t`Z-s¸«
i¼fw \ÂI-Ww, i¼fw \evI-W-sa-¦n kzm{ib coXn-bn Ct¸mÄ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-
cp¶ Øm]-\-§-fnse A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-I-cn \n¶pw `oa-amb ^nkv hm§-Ww. ]
cnio-e\w In«n tPmen-bn {]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ e`n-¡p-¶Xv XpÑ-amb i¼-fambXp-sIm- -
v, ]Ww sNe-h-gn¨v C -c-samcp tImgvkv sN¿p-¶-Xv, H«pw BIÀj-I-a-Ã. kXy-¯nÂ
]c-kv]c _Ôn-X-amb Cu AhØ, A[ym-]-I-cpsS KpW-\n-e-hm-c-s -t¸mepw BXy-
´n-I-ambn _m[n-t¨¡pw. kaÀ°cpw DuÀÖ-kz-ecpw kaÀ¸W a\-kvI-cp-amb
hyàn-IÄ Cu taJe-bn-te¡v IS-¶p-h-¶m-se, Cu cwK¯v Ahiyw th Kth-j-W-]-²-
Xn-Ifpw KpW-\n--ehm-c-hp-sams¡ hnI-kn-¸n-¡m-\m-hq. km[m-c-W, kvIqfpI-fnse
A[ym-]-I-sc-¡mÄ, _p²nbpw Adn-hpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-Xp-
aqew A\p- -hn-¡p¶ k¦oÀ®-X-IÄ Xc-Ww-sNbvXv Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-s -Sp-¡m³
Bh-iy-am-Wv. A -c-¯n Nn´m-ti-jnbpw [ojWm ssh -hhpap-Å-hÀ¡m-Wv, Cu
taJ-e-bnse hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä Gähpw Ffp¸w \nÀ²m-cWw sNbvXv ]cn-l-cn-¡m-\m-
hp-I. AXp-sImpXs¶ KpW-]-chpw aqey-h¯pw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb hnZym-`mkw _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v e`y-am-hp-¶-Xn-\p-thn kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-
¡m-cpsS i¼fw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, \à tijn-bpÅ akvXn-jvI-§sf A[ym-]I
]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fn-te¡v BIÀjn-¡p-¶-Xn\v icn-bmb Zni-bn-epff Kth-j-W-]-²-Xn-
IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn-¡-¶-Xn-\pw, \ne-hn-epÅ A[ym-I-]-cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§sf klm-bn-
¡m\pw kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-h-Ww. ]pXnb Øe-§-fn kÀ¡m-cnsâ \nb-{´-W-¯n-
91
epÅ Øm]-\-§Ä C\nbpw XpS-§p-¶-Xn-t\m-sSm-¸w, \ne-hn-epÅ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-
§sf FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bn-te¡v DbÀ¯m\pw kÀ¡mÀ apt¶m«v htc--Xp-v.
C¯cw A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fn A[ym-]-I-cm-bn«v hÀj-§-fm-bn
{]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ _ncp-Zm\-´c _ncp-Zhpw Fw.-^nÃpw tUmIvS-td-äp-sam-s¡-bpÅ
A[ym-]-IÀ Ah-cpsS DÀÖ-kz-e-amb PohnX Ime-L-«-¯nÂ, Cu taJ-ebv¡v th ]
cnio-e-I-sc -hmÀs -Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-IbmWv. ]ecpw Gsd-¡m-
es¯ tkh-\-§Ä¡p-tijw asämcp tPmen-bn {]th-in-¡m-\m-hm-sX, amt\-Pv-
saâv \ÂIp¶ sNdnb i¼-f-¯n tPmen-sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ch-cpsS
tkh-\s¯ am\n-¨v, tIc-f-¯nse aäv A[ym-]I ]co-in-e\ tI{µ-§fn \evIn-h-cp¶
thX-\hpw tkh\ hyh-Ø-Ifpw Cu A[ym-]I ]cn-in-e\ tI{µ-§-fnse A[ym-]-
IÀ¡pw \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.
am\h hn`-h-tijnhnI-k\w -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hpsS taJ-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-
hnZKv²À¡v BÀ.-kn.-sF. cPn-kvt{S-j³ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p¶ FÃm Øm]-\-§-fnepw
BÀ.-kn.-sF \njvIÀjn-¡p¶ ASnØm\ kuI-cy-§fpw ^m¡Âänbpw
Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-etI{µ§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v km[m-cW C¯cw
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v \ÂIp¶ i¼-fhpw
aäm-\p-Iq-ey-§fpw \ÂI-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]-I-cpsS ]cn-io-e\tImgvkp-IÄ kÀ¡m-À taJ-e-bn IqS-XÂ
Bcw-`n-t¡--Xm- Wv.
92
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-
Xn-\mbn FÃm A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-sfbpw kwØm\ Xe
D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ Iogn sImph-cWw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-in-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v {Sm³kvt]mÀ«v I¬kj³ A\p-h-
Zn-¡-Ww.
tIc-f-¯nse hnhn[ bqWn-th-gvkn-än-IÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn
_Ôs¸« tImgvkp-IÄ Bcw-`n-t¡-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS taJ-e-bn taJ-e-
bp-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Øm]-\-§fp-ambn kPo-h-amb A¡m-Z-anI
_Ôw Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw tIc-f¯n C¯cw hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«
A¡m-Z-anI A -co£w Dm-t¡--XpamWv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v Sn.-Sn.kn tImgvkp-IÄ¡p kam-\-
amb Item-Õ-h-§-fpw, kvt]mÀ«vkv aoäpw Kh¬saâv Xe-¯n kwL-Sn-
¸n-¡-Ww.
hnZqc ]T-\-¯n-eqsS am{Xw tbmKyX t\Snb \ne-hn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sImncn-
¡p¶ A²ym-]-IÀ kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw \S-¯p¶ 6 amks¯
{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-ioe\ tImgvkn \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw ]s¦-Sp¯v kÀ«n-^n-
¡äv t\Sn-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
Bdp-am-ks¯ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ tImgvknsâ ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw kne-
_Êpw kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw X¿m-dm¡n ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.
A²ym-]-tI-Xc Poh-\-¡mÀ Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Cu taJ-e-sb-¡p-dn¨pw
Ah-t_m[w Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bnepÅ Hcp lrkz-Ime tImgvkv ( 1
amks¯ ) ]qÀ¯n-bm-t¡-Xm-Wv.
FÃm bqWn-th-gvkn--än-I-fnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«
hnj-b-§-fn tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p-Ibpw Kth-jW ]T-\-§Ä t{]mÕm-
ln-¸n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.
tIc-f-¯n dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn-ensâ AwKo-Im-c-apÅ ]p\-c-[n-
hmk tImgvkp-IÄ ({]tXy-In¨v Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,
93
_lp-ssh-Ieyw, ]T-\- ssh-Ieyw F¶o hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-
s¸«) kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯n Bcw-`n-bv¡-
Ww.
tIc-f-¯nse saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-I-fn H¡p-t]-j-W sXdm-¸n, kv]o v
sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bpsS Un{Kn, ]nPn, tImgvkp-IÄ DS³ XpS-§-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p¶ A²ym-]-
IÀ¡v \qX- \-amb Adnhv kzmwio-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn XpSÀ¨-
bmb ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ \nÀ_-Ôam-¡-Ww.
94
A²ym-bw-þ6
sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\w(Vocational Training)
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sXmgn F¶-hn-j-b-¯n\v khn-
ti-j-amb {]m[m-\y-ap-s-¦nepw AXn-ep-]cn CsXmcp hnhmZ {]iv\-am-Wv. C¶v {][m-\-
ambpw kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ tI{µo-I-cn-¨m-Wv, sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-§Ä \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-
Xv. A©v apXÂ ]Xn-\©p hb-Êp-h-sc-bpff L«w {][m-\-ambpw Du¶p-¶-Xv,
{]tbmK-]-c-amb (Functional) hnZym-`ym-k- n-\m-Wv. ]Xn-\-©p-ap-XÂ ]Xn-s\«p hb-Êp-
h-sc-bpÅ L«w, sXmgnÂ]-c-amb ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\mWv IqSp-X Du¶Â sImSp-t¡- -Xv.
Nne A]-hm-Z-§Ä Hgn-¨mÂ, s]mXp-sh-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-
hÀ¡v, IqSp-X DbÀ¶ A¡m-Z-anI Xe-¯n-te¡v _p²n-]-c-ambn Db-cm³ Ign-bnÃ
F¶Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. A]qÀÆw NneÀ¡v ]T-\-hp-ambn apt¶m«v t]mhm³ Ign-
bpw. A¯cw Ip«n-IÄ¡v F{X-am{Xw A¡m-I-Z-an-I-ambn DbÀ¶ IvfmÊp-I-fn-te¡v
t]mIm-\m-Iptam A{Xbpw apt¶m«v sImp-t]m-Ip-I-bmWv A`n-Im-ayw. ]t£ s]mXp-
sh, 5 apXÂ 15 hsc-bpÅ L«-¯nse khn-ti-j-amb {]tbmK-]camb hnZym-`ym-k-
¯n-\p-ti-jw, sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-I-bmWv imkv{Xob ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]
{Inb Bh-iy-s -Sp¶ ZuXyw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn \ne-hn 80 iX-am-\hpw arZp-þ-anX
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. 20 iX-am\w am{X-ta, ssZ\w-Zn\ Imcy-§Ä¡v ]c-k-
lmbw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶-h-cm-bp-Åq. Cu 20 iX-am\w hcp-¶-Xn -s¶, imkv{Xo-
b-amb hyh-Øm-]nX amÀ¤-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¨v, kmt¦XnI D]-I-c-W-§-fpsS klm-b-
¯mÂ, GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯n {]hÀ -t\m-·p-J-cm-Im³ Ign-bp-¶-h-cp- v. ]t£ 80
iX-am\w hcp¶ hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-Ks¯ kw_-Ôn-¨v, \ne-hn Ch-cpsS hn -h-
tijn ]qÀ®-ambpw \jvS-s -Sp-¶p-sh¶v am{X-a-Ã, \njv^-e-am-hp¶ Ah-cpsS IÀ½-ti-
jn-sIm-v, Akz-Ø-P-\-I-amb am\-kn-Im-hØ hyàn-I-fn krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-an-S-bm-¡p-
¶p. _p²n-]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-hcpw Bßm-`n-am-\-t¯msS Pohn-¡m³ B{K-
ln-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. ]e-t¸mgpw icn-bmb amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§fpw ]cn-io-e\ {Ia-§fpw Bhn-
95
jvI-cn¨p \S-¸m-¡m³ Ign-bm- -Xp-sIm-p-am-{Xw, am\-knI Akzm-Øy-¯n-te¡v hgp-Xn-
ho-gp¶hcpsS F®w hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. tlmÀtam¬ amä-¯nsâ buÆ\ Ime-
L-«w, kaÀ°-ambn AXnPohn¡m³ Ign-bm¯, _p²n-]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p¶ ]
e-cpw, hnhn[ am\-knI {]iv\-§ÄIqSn {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m-dpapv. tIc-f-¯nse \ne-hn-epÅ
kvs]jv kvIqfp-I-fn-e-[n-Ihpw 15 hb-kn\v tij-apÅ B¬Ip-«n-Isf {]th-in-¸n-¡p-
¶-Xn\v hnap-JX ImWn-¡p-¶p. am\-kn-Im-kzm-Øy-§-fpw, ssewKnI s]cp-am-ä-§-fp-
sams¡ ]e-t¸mgpw Ch-cn {]I-S-am-hp-¶-Xp-sIm-v, ]e kvs]jy kvIqfp-Ifpw Cu
{]mb-¯n-epÅ Ip«n-Isf hopw c£n-Xm-¡sf Xncp-t¨Â¸n-¡p¶ {]h-WX Ip-h-cp-¶p-v.
hmÀ²-Iy-¯n-te¡v {]th-in-¡p¶ c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, aps¼-¶-t -¡m-tfsd
Ip«n-IÄaqe-apÅ {]bm-k-§Ä t\cn-tSn hcp-¶-Xv, Ah-cpsS shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶
hyàn buÆ\ {]mb-¯n-te¡v IS-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv. At¸mgm-Wv, ]cn-N-c-W-¯nse {]bm-
k-§Ä ]d-ªv, kvs]jy kvIqÄ A[n-Ir-Xcpw Ahsc ssIt¿m-gn-bp-¶-Xv.
Cusbm-c-h-Ø-bpsS s\cn-t¸m-Sn-em-Wv, ]e c£n-Xm-¡fpw kz´w PohnXw XÅn \o¡n-
s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
kvs]jy kvIqÄ tI{µo-I-cn¨v Ct¸mÄ \S-¡p¶ {]oshm-t¡-j-W³ s{Sbn-\n-
wKp-I-fpsS Icn-¡pew hyàn-bv¡v `mhn-bnÂ, tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-hp¶ Xc-
¯n e£y-thy-[n-bm¡n amtä--Xp-v. Cu Icn-¡pew, sXmgnÂ_-²-k-¶-²Xm
(Employability) ss\]p-Wn-IÄ BÀÖn-¡p-¶-hn-[w sXmgn-en-S-§-fn ]men-t¡ A -S-¡-
hpw IrXy-\n-jvT-bpw A¡m-Z-anI Adn-hp-Ifpw sXmgnÂ_Ô Adn-hp-I-fp-
sams¡ DÄs¸-Sp¯n X¿m-dm-t¡--Xp-v.
]Xn\©p- ap-XÂ ]Xn-s\«v hb-Êp-h-sc-bpÅ L«-am-Wv, “]mT-im-e-bnÂ\n¶pw
sXmgn-en-S-t -¡pÅ amäw” (Transition from School to Work) \S-¸n-em-t¡--Xv. Cu {]{In-
b¡v klm-b-I-c-amb Xc-¯n-epÅ ]cn-io-e\ {Ia-§Ä \mj-W C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ
saâen lmâo-Im¸vUv (NIMH) sk¡- -cm-_mZv Bkq-{X-Ww-sN-bvX-Xv, tIc-f-¯nse
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn \nÀº-Ô-ambpw \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv. Cu {]b-Im-e-b-f-
hnÂXs¶bmWv shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-bpsS kmaqly IpSpw_ ]Ým- -e-§Ä ]
cn-K-Wn¨v Ah-cn Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ khn-tij Ign-hp-IÄ¡v {]mapJyw \evIn,
sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ ]²Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-t¡--Xv.
96
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v hn]p-e-amb ]Ým-¯e
kuI-cy-§-fpsS kwhn-[m-\-sam-cp-¡m³, FÃmw-sImpw AÀl-X-bpÅ Hcp kwØm-\-
amWv tIc-fw. hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgnepw sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\hpw am{Xw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p¶
Hcp tZiob C³Ìn-äyq«v tIc-f-¯n Øm]n-t¡-p¶ Hc-Sn-b-´nc kml-Ncyw \½psS
ap¶n-ep-v. Cu tZiob C³Ìnäyq-«nsâ {]hÀ -\-§Ä _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v am{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-t - -Xn-Ã. {]XypX tIc-f-¯nse FÃm hn`mKw
hnI-emw-K-cp-sSbpw sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgnepw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ hn]p-
e-amb AÀ°-¯n-epÅXmbmÂ, Gähpw DNnXw. ka-{K-amb Hcp ka\zb km[y-Xbpw
]mc-kv]-cyhpw hnhn[ hnI-emwK ]T-\-hn-j-b-§-fp-ambn sXmgn taJ-e-bn-ep-m-bmÂ,
Gsd ^e-{]-Z-amb kwhn-[m-\-am¡n CXns\ amäm-\m-hpw.
icn-bmb Bkq-{X-Whpw imkv{Xob kao-]-\hpw kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn 80 iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw t]scbpw
sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¨v, Ah-scbpw IpSpw-_-s¯bpw kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-
[m-c-bn-se-¯n-¡m-\m-hpw. kmt¦-XnI hnIm-k- nsâ kuI-cy-§Ä IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-
t¼mÄ, Cu taJ-e-bn AÛp-X-I-c-amb hfÀ¨ Dm-¡m\pw Ign-bpw. Ct¸mÄ Nne Hä-
s¸« {ia-§-fpsS `mK-ambn Ipd-¨p-t]À¡v tPmen-sN-¿m-\p-ff Ah-kcw Ds-¦nepw
tPmen e`y-X-bn Ch-cpsS iX-am-\-¡-W¡v ]qPy-am-sW-¶p-Xs¶ ]d-tb-n-h-cpw. AXn-
ep-]-cn, t\cs¯ kqNn-¸n¨t]mse, ]pXnb hnI-emwK \nb-a-¯nsâ {Um^väv ]mÀe-
saâv ]mÊm-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, GXmv cv iX-am-\- n-e-[nIw sXmgn kwh-cW km[yX
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn Dm-Ipw. ]s£, \ne-hn A -c-
samcp Ah-kcw {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp-¯m-hp¶ sXmgn {]m]vXn (Employability) _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v CsÃ-¶-XmWv bmYmÀ°yw. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ hcm-\n-
cn-¡p¶ henb Ah-k-c-s¯, ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp- -W-sa¶ e£y-t¯msS hn]p-
e-amb tXmXn-epÅ X¿m-sd-Sp-¸p-IÄ \S-t - -Xp-v. c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw s]mXp-k-aq-l-
¯n\pw sXmgn kwc- -IÀ¡p-saÃmw \Ã-\n-e-bn-epÅ t_m[-h¡-cWw Bh-iy-ap- v.
hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\w, sXmgn F¶o hnj-b-§-fn-eq-¶n-\n-¶p-sIm- -
pÅ Hcp tZiob Kth-jW Øm]\w Bcw-`n-¡p-t¼mÄ, hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgnÂ,
kmaqly IpSpw_ PohnXw F¶o saJ-e-I-fn \Ã-\n-e-bn-epÅ Hcp kpØn-cX
97
BÀÖn-¡m-\m-hpw. kmt¦-XnI km[y-X-IÄ Ch-cpsS sXmgn k¼m-Z-\-¯n\v
F§s\ D]-bp-à-am-¡m-sa-¶pw, GXv coXn-bn-epÅ ]cn-io-e\ {Ia-§-fm-Wv, ChÀ¡v
IqSp-XÂ ^e-{]-Z-am-Ip-I-sb-¶pw, Fs´m-s¡, sXmgn-ep-IÄ C -c-¯n-epÅ hnti-j-hy-
àn-IÄ¡mbn Is¯m-sa-¶pw, em -I-c-amb (Cost Effective) amÀ¤-§Ä GsXm-s¡bmWv
F¶pw kzImcy taJ-e-bnepw t]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw hnI-emw-KÀ¡mbn IqSp-XÂ sXmgn-e-h-
k-c-§Ä F§s\ krjvSn¡mw XpS§n henb ]T-\-§Ä AÀln-¡p¶ taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv.
Cu hnj-b-¯nsâ Kuchw ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, kwØm\ sXmgnÂh-Ip-¸nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ
hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\w, sXmgn F¶o hnj-b-§-fn Du¶n-\n¶v
{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Hcp tZiob Kth-jW Øm]\w tIc-f-¯n Øm]n-¡-W-sa¶v I½o-
j³ ip]mÀi-sN-¿p-I-bm-Wv.
sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXm-gn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-
amb kvssä]âv Xt±i kzbw-`-c-W-Øm-]-\-§Ä \ÂI-Ww.
{]tXyI hnZym-e-b-§-fnse shmt¡j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv skâ-dnsâ
{]hÀ¯\w \nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw
kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ¯nsâ shmt¡j-W {Sbn-\nwKv hn`m-K-hp-
ambn _Ô-s -Sp¯n-bpÅ \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v BhÀ-¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpw
A]-I-Sc-ln-X-hp-amb tPmen-I-fnembn-cn-¡Ww ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm-hp¶ sXmgnep-
IÄ
tIcf-¯n kÀtÆ \S¯n Is- Ww..
kÀtÆ \S¯n Is-¯nb sXm-gn-ep-IfpsS Hcp ‘tPm_v tUäm’ Dm-¡p-Ibpw
Ah efn-X-ambpw Imcy-£-a-ambpw \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Kth-j-W-§Ä
t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
98
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb sXm-gn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\pw
Ah efn-Xhpw Imcy-£-ahpambn \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\papÅ Kth-j-W-
§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn\pw F{Xbpw s]s«¶v “\mjW C³Ìn-äyq«v
t^mÀ shmt¡j-WÂ {Sbn-\nwKv Bâv Fwt¹mbnâvsaâv” tIc-f-¯nÂ
Øm]n-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \nb-a\w e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn
kzImcy hyhkmb DS-a-IÄ, s]mXptaJem Øm]\ A[n-Im-cn-IÄ F¶n-
h-cpsS kwbpà klI-c-W-t¯msS “kvs]jy Fwt¹mbnâvsaâv
FIvkvtNbv©v” kwhn-[m\w Bcw`n¡p¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ t{]mÕm-
l\w \evI-Ww.
sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Ah-cpsS
tbmKy-Xbp-sSbpw ]cn-N-b- n-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯n tkh\ thX\
hyh-Ø-IÄ ]cn-jv¡-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.
sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fnse {]hÀ -\-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb Akw-
kvIrX hkvXp¡Ä kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn-[m\w Dm-¡-
Ww.
18 hb-kn-\p-tijw sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v Du¶Â sImSp-¯p-sImv ASn-
b-´n-c-ambn sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. kuI-cy-apÅ
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-
Ww. \ne-hn Hgn-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ s]mXp hnZym-eb sI«n-S-§Ä Cu Bh-
iy-¯n-te¡v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
A²ym-bw-þ7
sXmgnÂ
99
(Employment)
ASp-¯p-Xs¶ ]mÀe-saâv ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-¶, hnI-em-wK-cpsS Ah-Im-i-\n-
b-a-¯nsâ {Um^väv \evIp¶ kqN\ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS
sXmgn hnj-bw, s]mXp-k-aqlw BZy-ambn Kuc-h-¯n-se-Sp-¡p-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv. CXp-h-
sc-bp-m-bn-cp¶ kml-Ncyw H«pw Bim-h-l-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. 1995 se hnI-em-K-\n-b-a-¯nÂ
sXmgnÂ]-c-amb kwh-c-Ww, aq¶v iX-am\w A\p-h-Zn-¨n-cp-¶Xv ]qÀ®-ambpw AÔÀ,
_[n-cÀ, Ne\ sshI-ey-apÅhÀ F¶n-hÀ¡v am{X-ambn ]cnan-X-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p.
GXm-bmepw ]pXnb \nb-a-¯nsâ {Um^vänÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-
h-cpsS sXmgn kwh-c-Ws¯ kw_-Ôn¨v Gsd Bizm-k-I-c-amb ]cm-aÀi-am-Wp-Å-
Xv.
hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgn-ep-ambn _Ô-s¸«v s]mXp-hnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn
t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v {]tXy-In¨pw at\m-`mh XS-Ê-§Ä (Attitudinal Barriers) AsÃ-
¦n am\-knI XS-Ê-§Ä (Psychological Barriers) BWv {][m-\-ambpw s]mXp-k-aq-l-
¯n {]I-S-am-bn-¡m-Wp-¶-Xv. Cu at\m-`m-h-þ-am-\-knI XSʧÄ, AY-hm, Ch-cpsS
sXmgn tijn-sb (Employability) -¡p-dn-¨pÅ ap³hn-[n-IÄ G{X-am{Xw Ccp-fn-te-¡mWv
Cu kaq-ls¯ ]n³XÅn amäp-¶-sX¶v Bcpw Nn´n-¡p-¶n-Ã.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn 80 iX-am\hpw arZp-þ-anX (Mild-
Moderate) hn`m-K-¯n-ep-Å-h-cm-Wv. AY-hm, arZp-þ-anX hn`m-K-¯n-epÅhÀ¡v, imco-cn-
Im-h-Ø-bn henb ]cn-an-XnIÄ Dm-Im-\n-S-bn-Ã. _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ Ds-
¦nepw imco-cnI tijn `qcn-]£w t]À¡p-ap-v. imco-cn-I-ti-jn-tbbpw _p²n-\n-e-hm-c-
s¯bpw ]cn-K-Wn-¨pÅ sXmgn-ep-I-fm-Wv, C -c-¯n-ep-Å-h-À¡mbn amän-sh-t¡--Xv.
s]mXpth _p²n-]-cn-an-X-cmb hyàn-Isf kw_Ôn-¨v, henb kmt¦-XnI
k¦oÀ®-X-bpÅ tPmen-IÄ sN¿m³ {]bm-k-a-\p- -h-s -Spw. kmt¦-XnI {]iv\-§-fnÂ
khn-ti-j-amb _p²n D]-tbm-Kn-¨v, Xocp-am-\-§Ä FSp-¡m-\n-Ãm¯ Ht«sd tPmen-IÄ
s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw kzImcy taJ-e-bnepw C¶v e`y-am-Wv. BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-apff
FÃm tPmen-Ifpw anX-þ-arZp shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ¡v sN¿m-\m-hpw. A{]-
Xo-£n-X-amb A]-IS km[y-X-IÄ tPmen-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Dm-hIcp-sX¶v am{Xw.
100
sk¡-´-cm-_m-Znse \mj-W C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen lmân-Im¸vUv
(NIMH) F¶ Øm]\w \S-¯nb ]T-\-¯nÂ, s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-§-fmb C´y³
sdbnÂth-bnepw , _n. Fkv. F³.-FÂ. enepw , _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-
¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Hcp kÀsÆ-bnÂ\n¶pw t_m[y-am-b-
Xv, dbnÂth-bn am{Xw C¯cw hyàn-Isf ]qÀ®-ambn D -c-hm-ZnXzw G¸n¨v
sN¿n-¡m-hp¶ tPmen-I--fpsS F®w 240 F¶m-Wv. _n. Fkv. F³.-F en A¯cw
tPmen-I-fpsS F®w 80 BWv. C, D Imä-K-dn-bnÂs¸« tPmen-I-fn ]e-Xnepw hnP-b-
{]-Z-amb coXn-bn C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v tim`n-¡m³ Ign-bpw.
tIc-f- n Ct¸mÄXs¶, Ht«sd _p²n-]-cn-an-X-cmb hyàn-Isf kzImcy
kwcw- -§-fnepw aäpw tPmen¡v \ndp¯n hnP-b-I-c-ambn PohnXw \bn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xnsâ
kvXpXyÀl-amb A\p- -h-§-fp-v. kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-
äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUn (SIMC) \n¶pw khn-tij hnZym-`ymkw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-
b 10 t]À Xnc-h-\- -]p-cs¯ kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯n hÀj-§-
fmbn tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p. Ah-cpsS tPmen-bnse {]mKÂ`ys¯ kw_-Ôn-¨pw,
IrXy-\n-jvT-X, BßmÀ°-X, F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-sams¡ hfsc BßkwXr-]vXn-tbm-sS-
bm-Wv, kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqknbw Ub-d-IvSÀ tUm.- AcpÄ sPdmÄUv
sI. {]Imiv km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cs¯ asämcp kvs]jyÂ
kvIqfnÂ\n¶pw {Snhm¬{Uw Ivfºv, {ioaqew Ivfºv, sSdptam s]³t]mÄ, \njv,
hnPbv s]t{SmÄ ]¼v, \nwkv tlmkv]n-ä XpS-§nb Øm]-\-§-fn-seÃmw _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgn ]c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¨n-«p- v. Ch-sc-Ãmw-
Xs¶ Ch-cpsS IpSpw-_-§-fpsS hcp-am\ t{kmX-Êm-Wv. C -c-¯n-epÅ Ht«sd
A\p- -h-§Ä tIc-f-¯nse kvs]jy kvIqÄ A[n-Ir-XÀ¡v ]d-bm-\p-m-hpw. CXv
kqNn-¸n-¡p¶Xv kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn-tebpw s]mXp-ta-J-bn-te-bp-sam-s¡-bpÅ tPmen-I-
fn Ht«sd Ah-k-c-§Ä, sNdn-sbmcp Bkq-{X-Whpw k·-\-k-kp-ap-s-¦nÂ, _p²n-]-
c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \evIm³ kaq-l-sa-¶-\n-e-bn Ign-bpw F¶mWv.
C¶v tPmen-I-fn-sem¶pw GÀs¸-Sm³ Ah-k-c-an-Ãm-sX, hen-sbmcp hn`mKw bphm-¡-
fmb _p²n-]-cn-an-XÀ Ah-cpsS IÀ½-tijn \njv^-e-am-¡p-¶p. cmjv{S \nÀ½mW
{]hÀ -\-§-fn henb kw`m-h\ sN¿m-\m-hp¶ C¯cw hyàn-I-fpsS {]iv\-§Ä
101
Gsä-Sp-¡m-hp¶ hn[-¯nÂ, \½psS kmaq-ly-þ-cm-jv{So-b-þ-kmw-kvIm-cnI t\Xr-Xz-§-
fpsS Ah-t_m[w hnI-kn-¨n-«n-Ã.
bph-Xz-¯n-te¡v {]th-in-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc icn-
bmb Znim-t_m-[-t¯m-sS, ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, Gsd {]bmk-I-chpw
{]m[-\yaÀln¡p¶-Xp-amWv. Ct¸mÄ kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn 18 hb-Ên\v tijw
kmt¦-Xn-I-amb hnhn[ Imc-W-§-fm Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m-\m-hm¯ kml-N-cy-ap- v.
c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨m-sW-¦nÂ, Btcm-Ky-]-chpw km¼- n-I-hp-amb {]bm-k-§Ä
A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-¡p¶ {]mb-¯n-em-Wv Xsâ Ip«nsb F´v sN¿-W-sa-¶-dn-bm-sX, \nÝe-
cmbn \nÂt¡-nh-cp-¶-Xv. buÆ\ Ime-L-«-¯n _p²n-]-cn-an-Xsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, ico-c-
¯nse tlmÀtam¬ amä-¯mepw aäpw sshIm-cn-I-amb Nne {]iv\-§Ä cq]-s -
Sm-\pÅ km[yX IqSp-X-em-Wv. am\-kn-I-tcm-Km-h-Ø-bpsS e£-W-§Ä buÆ\ Ime-
L-«-¯nÂ, {][m-\-ambpw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v A\p- -hn-t¡- -
nh-cp-¶-Xn-s\mcp {][m\ ImcWw kmaqly sshIm-cnI kml-N-cy-t¯mSv {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-
¶-Xn-\pÅ {]m]vXn-¡p-dhpaqew Dm-Ip¶ at\m-kw-LÀj-¯nsâ ]cn-Wn-X- -e-am-bm-Wv.
Cusbmcp kml-Ncyw c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v Gähpw kwLÀj -cnX L«w IqSn-bm-
Wv. an¡t¸m-gpw, ssewKo-I-amb Akzm-`m-hnI {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp-¶-h-
cnÂ\n¶v D-mIp-¶-Xv, buÆ-\-¯nsâ XpSÀ -bn kw -hn-¡p¶ imco-cn-I-þ-ssh-Im-cnI
kwLÀj-§-fpsS ^e-am-bm-Wv. Cu ka-b¯v {Inbm-ß-I-ambn C¯cw hyàn-I-fpsS
imco-cn-I-þ-am-\-knI DuÀÖs¯ hgn-Xn-cn-¨p-hn-Sp-¶-Xn-\v, Gähpw klm-b-I-c-amb
amÀ¤w IqSn-bm-Wv, sXmgn-en-te¡v icn-bmb coXn-bn ]dn-¨p-\-Sp-¶-Xv. tIc-fob
kml-N-cy-¯nepw Ht«sd sXmgn-ep-I-fn-te¡v C¯cw hyàn-Isf \ntbm-Kn-¡m-\m-hpw.
icn-bmb ]cn-io-e\-¯n-eq-sSbpw IpSp-_-¯n\pw sXmgn ZmXm-hn\pw kl-{]-hÀ -
IÀ¡p-sams¡ \ÂIp¶ amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§-fn-eq-sSbpw D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[-apÅ Hcp
tPmen-¡m-c-\mbn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn 80 iX-am\w t]scbpw amän¯oÀ¡m³
Ign-bp-sa¶Xv, C¶v Ch-cpsS IpSpw-_-§Ä kln-¡p¶ kwLÀj-¯nsâ Ccp-«nÂ
sXfn-bp¶ cP-X-tc-J-bm-Wv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ¡v, tIc-f-s -t¸m-epÅ Hcp
{]tZ-i-¯v, Gähpw Ffp-¸-¯n sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen IqSp-X-em-bp-w tk-h\ taJ-e-bn-
102
em-Wv. kzImcy kwcw- -I-cpsS hnhn[ ^mIvS-dn-I-fnepw sXmgn-en-S-§-fn-ep-
sams¡ C¯cw km[y-X-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p. kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ
tÌäv C³kn-än-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne©vUv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-
hsc sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, Xnc-h-\- -]pcw In³{^-bnse Nne
hyhkmb Øm]-\-§sf kao-]n-¨n-cp-¶p. 20 At -hm-kn-I-sf-bm-Wv, sXmgn-ep-
IÄ¡mbn kÖam-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. ]co-£-WmÀ°w \S-¯nb Cu {ia-¯nÂ\n¶pw
t_m[y-am-b-Xv, hyh-kmb kwcw- -I-cnÂ, ]eÀ¡pw C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v tPmen \evIp-
¶-Xn\v Hcp hnap-J-X-bp-an-sÃ-¶m-Wv. am{X-a-Ã, shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ tPmen-¡msc
kw_-Ôn¨v kwXr-]vX-cp-amWv, Cu kwc- -IÀ.
C§-s\-bpÅ Ah-k-c-§Ä tIc-f- n At§m-f-an-t§m-f-apÅ sXmgn-en-S-§-fn-
ep-v. sXmgn-en\v kÖ-am-¡p¶ khn-tij ]cn-io-e-\hpw, aäv amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§fp-sam-
s¡, _Ô-s -«-hÀs¡Ãmw \evIn, hen-sbmcp hn`mKw hcp-¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgnÂ]c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶v A\p- -h-§Ä
sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXmgn \ÂIm³
k¶²amhp¶ sXmgn-ep-S-a-I-sfbpw hyh-kmb kwcw- -I-sc-bp-sam-s¡, t{]mÂkm-ln-
¸n-¡p¶ hn[-¯n-epÅ {]tXyI B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä {]Jym-]n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, tIc-f-¯nÂ
\sÃmcp amä¯nsâ XpS-¡-am-bn AXv ]cn-W-an-¡pw. henb _nÊn-\Êv I¼-\n-I-sfm-
s¡, "tImÀ¸-tdäv tkmjy sdkvt]m¬kn-_n-enän' bpsS `mK-ambn henb XpI-IÄ
t£a {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡mbn sNe-h-gn-¡p-t¼mÄ, hntZi cmPy-§-fn-sem-s¡, C¯cw
I¼-\n-IÄ¡v Ht«sd B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw ap³K-W-\bp-sams¡, AXXp
kÀ¡mcpIÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶p-v. B amXrI ]n´p-SÀ¶v, Ai-c-W-cm-b, C -c-¯n-ep-
Å, imco-cn-Ihpw kmaq-lyhpw km¼- n-I-hp-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ t\cn-Sp-¶,
_p²n]c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶À¡v tPmen ]cn-K-W\ \ÂIp¶ I¼-\n-IÄ¡v,
hyh-km-b-h-Ip-¸n\v B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ÂIm-\m-Ipw.
]mÀe-saânsâ ]mÊm-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ hnI-emwK \nb-aw 2012 sâ {Um^väv
\evIp¶ kqN\ Gsd {]Xo£ \evIp-¶-Xm-Wv. B \nb-a- nÂ, Ncn-{X-¯n BZy-am-
bn, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃphnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pĸsS tPmen kwh-cWw Dd-
¸p-\ÂIp-¶p-v. s]mXp-ta-Jem kzImcy XkvXn-I-I-fn 5 iX-am\w sXmgn FÃm hnI-
103
emw-KÀ¡p-ambn kwh-cWw sN¿-W-sa¶v BIvSv \njvIÀjn-¡p-¶p. 5 iX-am-\-¯nÂ
Ipdhv tPmen-¡mÀ am{Xta sXmgn tI{µ-§-fn DÅqsh¦nÂ, 5 iX-am-\-
¯nÂ\n¶pw G{X-am{Xw hnI-emwK sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ Ipdhptm A{Xbpw iX-am\w
sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS hmÀjnI i¼-fw, kÀ¡m-cn\v ]ng-bmbn \evIm³ I¼-\n-IÄ _m[y-
Ø-cm-Wv. 5 iX-am-\-¯n IqSp-X G{X-i-X-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-Isf tPmen¡v
\nÀ¯p-¶pthm Ah-cp-sS-sbms¡ sam¯w hmÀjnIi¼-f-¯p-I, I¼-\n-IÄ AS-
bvt¡ \nIp-Xn-bnÂ\n¶pw I¼-\n-IÄ¡v kÀ¡mÀ Cfhp \ÂIpw. hnI-emwK \nb-a-
¯nse Cusbmcp hIp¸v XoÀ -bmbpw C´y-bnse hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgn km[y-X-
Isf kw_-Ôn¨v ip -{]-Xn-£bv¡v hI \evIp-¶p-v.
A©p iX-am\w kwh-c-W-¯nÂþ
1. Hcp iX-am\w AÔ-X-þ-Im-gvN-¡p-dhv F¶n-hÀ¡bn Ac Ac iX-am\w hoXw hnXn¨p \ÂI-Ww.2. Hcp iX-am\w tIÄhn-þ-kw-kmc tijn-¡p-d-hp-Å-hÀ¡v.3. Hcp iX-am-\w, skdn-{_ ]mÄkn DĸsS Ne-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-Å-hÀ¡v.4. _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, at\m-tcmKw F¶n-h-cpÄ -Sp-¶-hÀ¡v Hcp iX-am- \w.5. Hcp iX-am\w _lp-ssh-I-ey-ap-Å-hÀ¡v.
Cu iX-a\¡W¡v kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶, _p²n-
am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_³ ]mÄkn, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶n-h-
cpÄs¸-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v GXmv 2 iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw hnlnXw sXmgn kwh-c-W-¯n-eqsS
e`y-am-Im-\pÅ km[y-X-bmWv sXfn-ªp-Im-Wp-¶-Xv. CXv XoÀ -bmbpw {]Xo-£-\-
evIp¶ kml-N-cy-am-sW-¦n-epw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgnÂ]-
c-ambn kpk-Ö-am-¡m-\pÅ khn-tij ]cn-ioe\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw ]²-Xn-Ifpw Bhn-jvI-
cn¨v \S-¸m-t¡ L«w-Iq-Sn-bm-sW-¶-Xv, _Ô-s -«-h-scÃmw Kuc-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sXmgnÂcw-K¯v tkh\ taJ-e-
tbm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ asämcp kao-]-\-am-Wv, kwc-£nX sXmgn tI{µw
(Sheltered Workshop). _p²n-]-c-ambn IqSp-XÂ ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-cpw, \nc- -c-amb
\nco-£Ww Bh-iy-ap-Å-h-cp-am-b-hÀ¡mWv Cu kwhn-[m\w IqSp-X KpW-I-c-am-hpI.
Htc tI{µ-¯n Xs¶, tPmen-sb-Sp-¡p¶ C¯cw ]²-Xn-IÄ C´y-bn aäv ]e
104
kwØm-\-§-fnepw hnPbI-c-ambn \S-¸m-¡nh-cp-¶p. sk¡- -cm-_m-Znse 'BIm³j'
F¶ 'kwc-£nX sXmgn tI{µw' CXn-s\mcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-em-Wv, Cu tI{µw {]hÀ¯n-¨p-
h-cp-¶-Xv. 80 Hmfw tPmen-¡m-cmWv Chn-sS-bp-Å-Xv. Cu kwc-£nX tI{µ-¯nÂ
sh¨m-Wv. ku¯v sk³{SÂ sdbnÂth-bv¡m-h-iy-amb tÌj-\dn Dev]-¶-§-fmb IhÀ,
^bÂ, XpS-§n-b-h-sbms¡ Dm-¡p-¶-Xv. hnhn[ Dev]-¶-§Ä \nÀ½n-¡p¶ C¯cw
tI{µ-§Ä¡v hf-sc-tbsd km[yX \½psS kwØm-\¯v \ne-hn-epv. c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS
t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ kl-I-cW kwL-§-fpsS B`n-ap-Jy-¯n D]t`mK Dev¸-¶-§Ä Dm-
¡n, s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-§Ä¡pw kzImcy Øm]-\-§-Ä¡psaÃmw hnX-cWw sN¿m-
hp¶ A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-N-cy-sam-cp-¡m³, {]tXyI D -c-hp-Itfm \nÀt±-i-§tfm
kÀ¡m-cn\v Cd-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. c£n-Xm-¡fpw Ah-cpsS shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-
Ifpw kwbp-à-ambn kwcw- -§Ä \S¯p-¶-Xn-\v, klm-b-[\w A\p-h-Zn-¡m³ Ign-
ªm hfsc hnP-b-{]-Z-ambn, {]iv\w A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Cu cp-hn-`m-K-§-sfbpw kmaq-
ly-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-N-cy-ap-m-Ipw. \mj-WÂ lmân-Im¸vUv
^n\m³jy Uh-e- vsaâv tImÀ¸-td-j³ F¶ tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-\-¯nsâ kz`m-h-
¯nÂ, tIc-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ DÄs -Sp¶
IpSp-_-§Ä¡m-bn, ]en-i-c-ln-X-amtbm Npcp-§nb \nc-¡n-epÅ ]en-i-bntem tem¬
A\p-h-Zn¨v hyh-km-b-þ-Ip-Sn hyh-km-b-þ-sN-dp-InS hym]mc kwc- -§Ä XpS-§m-\pÅ
Ah-k-c-§Ä Dm-t¡--Xp-v. \mj-W lmân-Im¸vUv ^n\mÂjy Uh-e-¸-saâv tImÀ]-
td-j-\v tI-{µ-kÀ¡mÀ 1000 tImSn cq] Ønc-\n-t£-]-ambn A\p-h-Zn- -XnÂ\n¶m-Wv, C
´y-bnse hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§Ä¡v sXmgnÂkm-[yX hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI F¶ Dt±-i-¯nÂ
tem¬ A\p-h-Zn¨p hcp-¶-Xv. hnI-emwKÀ¡v s]mXp-hm-bpÅ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-¯nÂ,
IqSp-X ZuÀ_eyw A\p- -hn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ap³K-W\ e`n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. AXp-sImv _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-
Sp-¶-hsc {]tXy-I-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, AhÀ¡n-Sbn sXmgn hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI F¶ e£y-
t¯m-sS, Hcp [\-k-lmb I¼\n cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. tIc-f- nse
kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯nsâ B`n-ap-Jy-¯n C -c-samcp [\-Imcy I¼-\n¡v cq]w
\evIn, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ bph-P-\-§-sf-bpw, Ch-cpsS km¶n[yw
105
sImv {]bmk-a-\p- -hn-¡p¶ IpSp-_-§-sfbpw \ne-hn-epÅ A\nÝn-X-Xz-]qÀ®-amb
Pohn-X-¯nÂ\n¶pw {]Xym-im-\nÀ`c-amb Pohn-X-¯n-te¡v ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯m-\m-Ipw.
sXmgn -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯nÂ
kwc-£nX sXmgnenS-§Ä (Sheltered Workshops) Bcw-`n-¡-Ww.
sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb sXm-gn kwcw- -§Ä kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bn Bcw-`n-t¡--
Xm-Wv, kzIm-cy-ta-Je-bn Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th {]tNm-Z\w
kÀ¡mÀ \ÂI-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ tPmen-I-fnÂ
kwhcWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.
kvs]jy Fwt¹m-bn-kns\ \nb-an-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v \nIpXn B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä
A\p-h-Zn¨p\ÂI-Ww.
Kh-s×âv B^o-kp-I-fn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ tÌj-\dn km[-\-§fnÂ
\nÝnX iXam\w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-
h-b¡v ap³K-W\ \ÂIp¶-Xn\v B^o-kpIÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶
D -c-hn-d-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v tPmen Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v
c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v DZmc \nc-¡n kzbw sXmgn hmbv]-IÄ A\p-h-Zn-bv¡-
Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ Dm-¡p¶ Dev]-¶-§Ä¡v hn]Wn
Is¯m³ k_vknUn kwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp- -Ww. Ch-cp-m-¡p¶ Dev]-¶-
§Ä hyh-kmb hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS hnev]\ \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
kwhn[m\w GÀs -Sp -Ww.
]T-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-ÅhÀ¡v A`n-cp-Nn-¡-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ sXmgn kwhcWw Dd-
¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
106
tIkv ÌUn-_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS BXy-
´nI e£yw, sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn {]m]vX-cm¡n tPmen-\ÂIpI F¶-Xm-Wv. _p²n-]-c-ambnshÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXmgn Dd¸p \ÂIp¶ Imcy-¯n Ht«sd XS-Ê-§Ä\ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. Gähpw Kpcp-X-c-ambn A\p-`-h-s -Sp¶ XSÊw at\m-`m-h-]-c-am-Wv.sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn {]m]vXn-bp-Å-h-cmWv _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-À F¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡m³ s]mXp-k-aqlw C¶pw X¿m-dm-bn-«n-Ã. ]s£, at\m-`mh XS-Ê-§tfbpw s]mXp-k-aql k¦Â]-§tfbp-saÃmw AXn-Po-hn-¨p-sImv sXmgn-en-S-§-fn Akm-am-\y-amb sshZKv[yw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ Ht«sd shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ C¶p-v. Ah-cn-sem-cm-fmWv IS-bv¡m-hqÀkztZin Fkv. kPo-hv.
Cu hÀjs¯ Gähpw anSp-¡-\mb tPmen-¡m-c-\mbn tZio-b-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸«hyàn-bmWv kPo-hv. kPohv Ct¸mÄ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPnayqkn-b- n tXm«-¡m-c-\m-bmWv tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-Xv. kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUnse (SIMC) ]co-io-e-\-¯n-\p-tijamWvkPo-hns\ kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯n KmÀU-\-dmbn \ntbm-Kn- -Xv._lp-am-\y-\mb cmjv{S-]Xn {io {]W_v apJÀPn-bnÂ\n¶pw 2013 s^{_p-hcn 6 \v, {iokPo-hv, _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡-S-bnse C´y-bnse Gähpw anSp-¡-\mbtPmen-¡m-c³ F¶ tZiob ]pc-kvImcw kzoI-cn-¨p.
kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUnÂ\n¶v 25 apXnÀ¶ am\-knI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ In³{^,kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqknbw F¶-h-bn tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p- v. A¿m-bncwapX 7500 cq]-h-sc-bm-Wv, ChÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ thX-\w. ]eÀ¡p-an-t¸mÄ Cu Ip«n-I-fpsSi¼-fw, IpSpw-_- nsâ {][m\ hcp-am\ t{kmX-Êm-Wv.
\½psS kaq-l-¯n _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-hp¶Gsd tPmen-IÄ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw kzImcy taJ-e-bn-ep-ambn C¶v e`y-am-Wv. s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-§-fmb dbnÂth-bn 240 XkvXn-IIfpw _n. Fkv. F³. FÂ. en 80tesd XkvXn-I-Ifpw _p²n-]-c-ambn arZp-þ-anX shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-hp-¶-Xmbn Ds¶v NIMH ap¼v \S-¯nb ]T\w sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpwk¦oÀ®-X-bn-Ãm- -Xp-amb GXp tPmen-Ifpw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂhen-sbmcp hn`m-K-¯n\v sN¿m³ Ign-bp-sa-¶Xv bmYmÀ°y-am-Wv.
A²ym-bw-þ8
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Ifpambn _Ô-s¸«kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI{µw
(State Level Apex Centre on Intellectual Challenge)
107
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fmb _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,
_lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ {]iv\-§Ä F¶n-h-sbÃmw akvXnjvI
tImi-§-fpsS {Ia-`w-Ktam (A-km-[m-c-W-Xz-tam) £Xtam aqew kw -hn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§-
fm-Wv. CXn hnhn[ {]iv\-§-Ä¡pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk kao-]-\-§Ä hen-b-tXm-XnÂ
kam-\-X-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. hnhn[ hnZ-Kv²-cpsS CS-s]-SÂ A\n-hm-cy-am-¡p-¶, {]iv\-]-cn-
lm-c-amÀ¤-§Ä ]c-kv]-cm-{in-Xtam ]c-kv]c _Ôn-X-tam, hn\n-ab km[y-X-I-fn-
eqsS ]c-kv]cw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-tam B-Wv. Cu FÃm {]iv\-§-fp-tSbpw A¡m-Z-an-
IþKth-j-W-þ-hn-I-k\ {]{In-b-IÄ, Htc-Ip-S-¡o-gn hfsc ^e-{]-Z-ambpw sNehv
Ipd¨pw \S-¯m-\pw, Cu hnj-b-§-sfms¡ Htc IpS-¡o-gn hcp¶ hn[w Hcp
kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µw (Centre of Excellence) hnI-kn-¸n-s -Sp-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ,-
aäp]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-bvs¡Ãmw Cu tI{µ-w A¡m-Z-an-Ihpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb
klmbw \ÂIp¶ kwhn-[m-\-ap-m-¡p-Ibpw, hn]p-e-am-b hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ
Un¸mÀ«psaâp-IÄ, tkh\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-sbms¡ Cu D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ `mK-
am-Ip-Ibpw kwØm-\s¯ FÃm P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä¡pw AXyp-¶X tkh\w hnXcWw
sN¿p¶ Hcp irwJem kwhn-[m\w Hcp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXm akvXnjvI shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-
ambn _Ô-s¸« Ht«sd {]iv\-§Ä¡v ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-Ipw. I½o-j³ \nÀt±-in-
¡p¶ kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ LS\ Xmsg-sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xp {]Im-c-
amWv:
STATE LEVELCENTRE
Medical Department: Paediatrician Neurologist Psychiatrist Psychologist Physiatrist
108
tÌäv D¶X Xe tI{µw
Early Intervention: Speech Therapist Physio Therapist Occupational Therapist Behaviour Therapist
MentalChallenge
Autism CerebralPalsy
MultipleDisabilities
ChildhoodMental Illness
LearningDisorder
Vocational Department: Rehabilitation Village:
Employment:
109
4 ta-Jem tI{µ-§Ä
PnÃm-Xe {]hÀ¯\w(PnÃm Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ tI{µo-I-cn-¨v)
Xmeq¡v Xe {]hÀ¯\w(Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ tI{µo-I-cn-¨v)
]©m-b-¯v Xe {]hÀ¯\w{]mY-anI BtcmKy tI{µw
110
.
STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Apex Body)
Regional Centre(North)
Regional Centre(High Range)
Regional Centre(Central)
Regional Centre(South)
TVPMKLMPTAALPY
TSRPKDMLPMKKD
KTMIDKI EKM
WYNDKNRKSGD
Taluk Level Centre
Local Level Centre
District LevelDistrict LevelDistrict LevelDistrict Level
STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Proposed Facilities)
HumanResources
Development
HelpDesk Canteen Transportation
SpecialSchool
EmploymentExchange
Follow upServicesResearch
Respite Home
HostelLibrary Service Centre
VocationalCounselling EmploymentIntervention
StudentsParents
112
tÌäv e-h skâ-dnÂ, \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ hnhn[ Un¸mÀ«p-saâp-IÄ Xmsg sImSp-
¯n-cn-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wvþ
1þ saUn-¡Â Un¸mÀ«vsaâv
þin-ip-tcmK hnZ-Kv²³
þ \yqtdm-f-PnÌv
þa-t\m-tcmK hnZ-Kv²³
þ^n-kn-bm-{SnÌv
þssk-t¡m-f-PnÌv
2þ sXdm-¸yq-«n-¡Â CâÀsh³j³ Un¸mÀ«vsaâv
þkv]o¨v sXdm-¸nÌv
þ^n-kntbm sXdm-¸nÌv
þH-Iyp-t¸-j-WÂ sXdm¸nÌv
þ_n-tl-hnbÀ sXdm-¸nÌv
3þ Un¸mÀ«vsaâv Hm^v saâ Ne©v
þ kvs]jy kvIqÄ
þUn-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a kÀ«n-^n-¡äv, ]n.-Pn., Fw.-^nÂ., ]n.-F-¨v.Un.
tImgvkp-IÄ
4þ-Un-¸mÀ«vsaâv Hm^v Hm«nkw
þkvs]-jy kvIqÄ
þUn-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkp-IÄ, Kth-jWw
5þ skdn-{_ ]mÄkn Un¸mÀ«vsaâv
þkvs]-jy kvIqÄ
þUn-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a tImgvkp-IÄ, Kth-jWw
6þ _lp-ssh-Iey Un¸mÀ«vsaâv
þkvs]-jy kvIqÄ
þUn-]vtfma tImgvkv
7þ-ssi-ih at\m-tcmKw Un¸mÀ«vsaâv
þkÀÆokv skâÀ
þtIm-gvkp-IÄ ...�.(ssk¡m-{Sn-¡v, tkmjy hÀ¡v XpS-§n-bh)
8þ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw
þkÀÆokv skâÀ
þtIm-gvkp-IÄ ...�.(Un-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a, Kth-j-Ww)
9þsXmgn ]cn-io-e\ Un¸mÀ«vsaâv
þs{S-bn-\nwKv skâÀ
þtIm-gvkp-IÄ
10þ sse{_dn
kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nâ {]hÀ -\-§Ä
* kwØm-\s¯ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-
§Ä¡v (kvs]-jy kvIqÄ, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³ skâÀ,- shm-t¡-j-W s{Sbn-\nwKv
skâÀ) Bh-iy-amb A¡m-Z-anI amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä.
* tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]-jy kvIqÄ, GÀfn
CâÀsh³j³ skâÀ,- sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS taÂt\m-«w,
KpW-\n-e-hmc \nÀ®-bw.
* tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]-jy kvIqÄ, GÀfn
CâÀsh³j³ skâÀ,- sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS cPn-kvt{S-j\pw
cPn-kvt{S-j³ ]pXp¡n \evI-epw.
* tIc-f-¯nse, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ tkh-\-
§Ä \evIn-h-cp¶ Un¸m-À«p-saâp-Isf GtIm-]n-¸n-¨v, tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v
taÂt\m«w hln-¡p-I. ]c-kv]c Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tI{µ-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I.
* ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw ]cn-tim-[n-¨v, Øm]-\-§Ä¡v Bh-iy-amb
NOC ¡v kÀ¡m-cn\v ip]mÀi \ÂIp-I.
114
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ hn`m-K-§-fpsS hnhn[ ]cn-io-e-\-§Ä¡pw sXdm-
¸n-IÄ¡pw Bh-iy-amb hnZ-Kv²sc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p¶ tImgvkp-IÄ Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw
Bcw-`n-¡p-I.
* kmaqly ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb A¡m-Z-anI amÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§fpw ]
cn-io-e-\-§fpw \ÂIp-I.
* t_m[-h¡-c-W-¯n\v DX-Ip-¶, ]pkvX-I-§Ä, amkn-I-IÄ, tPW-ep-IÄ, tUmIyp-
saâ-dn-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS Dev]m-Z-\hpw hnX-c-W-hpw.
* tIc-f-¯nse c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v Bh-iy-amb FÃm-hn[ klm-b-§fpw Adnhp-Ifpw ]
IÀ¶p \ÂIm-\m-hp¶ hn[w, sse{_-dn, tUmIyp-sa-tâ-j³, C³^Àta-j³ F¶o
kuI-cy-§Ä Hcp-¡p-I.
* Hm¬sse³ kwhn-[m-\- n-eq-sS -A-sÃ-¦n aäv UnPn-ä amÀ¤-§-fn-eq-sS, km[m-
cW hyàn-IÄ¡v {]iv\-apÅ Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ kwhn-[m-\-
§Ä Dm-¡p-I.
* kwØm-\s¯ GXp c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw Ip«n-IÄ¡pw hnZKv² tkh\w In«p¶hn[-
¯n sdkvss]äv tI{µ-§Ä XpS-§p-I.
* s]mXp-ta-J-e-bn-tebpw kzImcy taJ-e-bn-tebpw hyh-kmb Øm]-\-§-fp-ambn [mc-
W-bp-m-¡n, am\-knI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXmgn t\Sp-¶-Xn-\m-bn,
kvs]jy Gw]vtfm-bvsaâv FIvkvtN©v kwhn-[m\w XpS-§p-I.
* hnZ-Kv²-tcbpw s{]m^-j-W-ep-I-tfbpw hnÚm-\-]-c-ambn imào-I-cn-¡p-¶-X-n\m-bn,
inev]-im-e-IÄ, skan-\m-dp-IÄ, sNdnb Ime-b-f-hn-epÅ tImgvkp-IÄ F¶nh \S-¯p-
I.
* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Iem, ImbnI tijn hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-
Xn\pw Ah-cpsS Iem-]-c-amb anIhv {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ItemÂk-h-§Ä,
kvt]mSvkv taf-IÄ XpS-§n-bh PnÃm Xe-¯nepw kwØm\ Xe-¯nepw \S-¯p-I.
kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-s¯bpw taJem tI{µ-§-sfbpw UnP-äÂ/
CâÀs\äv _Ôw-hgn kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fp-ambn tbmPn-¸n¨v Hmtcm kvIqfp-I-fp-
tSbpw {]hÀ -\-§sf kq£va-ambn \nco-£n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. kvIqfp-I-fn \S-¡p¶
115
A¡m-Z-anI {]hÀ -\-§fpw ]cn-tim-[\ {]{In-bbpw aäpw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw t]mXp-
P-\-§Ä¡p-sams¡ \nco-£Ww \S-¯m-hp¶ Xc-¯n Cu taJ-e-bn kpXm-cyX Dd-
¸p-h-cp-¯m³ A\p-tbm-Py-amb tk^väphb-dp-I-fpsS klm-b-¯m C¶v km[y-am-Wv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§sf kmaqly
HmUn-än\v hnt[-b-am-¡m³ kwØm\-Xe D¶X tI{µhpw aäv kvs]jy kvIqfp-Ifpw
X½n-epÅ C¯c-samcp UnPn-äÂI-W-IvSn-hn-än-sImv km[y-am-Ipw. B[p-\nI Ime-¯v,
Gsd ]W-s -e-hn-Ãm-sX-X-s¶, kvs]jy kvIqÄ {]hÀ -\-§-fnse kpXm-cy-Xbpw
anIhpw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ C¯cw B[p-\n-I-h¡-cW {]{In-b-bn-eqsS km[y-am-Ipw.
Cu kwhn-[m\w hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-¸m-¡m³ sF.-Sn. anj³, knUm-Iv, sF.-Sn. ]mÀ¡p-
IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS kmt¦-XnI klm-b-§Ä ^-e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-
Wv.
tIc-f- nsâ \mep-`m-K-§-fn-embn Øm]n-¡m³ ip]mÀi-sN-¿p¶ taJem tI{µ-
§-fnepw kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨ hntI-{µo-Ir-X-
ambn \S-¸m-¡pI F¶-XmWv Dt±-in-¡-¶-Xv. Cu tI{µ-§-fnse hnZ-Kv²-tk-h-\w, taJ-
em-tI-{µ-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂhcp¶ PnÃ-I-fn am{Xw ]cnan-X-s¸-Sp-¯pw. \b-]-c-amb
Xocp-am-\-§Ä \S-¸m-¡p¶ kmä-sseäv tI{µambn¡q-Sn-bm-Wv, taJem tI{µ-§sf hn`m-
h\w sNt¿--Xv. taJem tI{µ-§-fpsS {][m\ D -c-hm-Zn-Xzw, PnÃm-X-e-¯nepw
Xmeq¡v Xe-¯nepw \ne-hn-epÅ Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ, kmaq-ly-\oXn hIp-¸v, PnÃm-]-©m-b-
¯v, tImÀ¸-td-j-\p-IÄ XpS§nb kam\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä \S-¯p-¶ -FÃm GP-³kn-I-
tfbpw kwtbm-Pn¸n-¨v, ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä e£y-¯n-se-¯n-¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv.
am\-knI shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä ]e-t¸mgpw ^e-{]-
Z-am-ImsX t]mIp-¶-Xnsâ Hcp {][m\ Imc-Ww, hnhn[ hIp-¸p-IÄ Htc hn`mKw P\-
§Ä¡v, ]c-kv]cw [mc-W-bn-Ãm-sX, tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-p-
Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hnhn[ hIp-¸p-IÄ, DZm-l-c-Ww, Btcm-Ky-h-Ip-¸v, kmaq-ly-\oXn hIp-¸v,
hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸v, hyh-kmb hIp-¸v, sXmgn hIp-¸v, {XnXe ]©m-b¯v XpS-§n-b-h-
bpsS Bkq-{X-Whpw GtIm]-\hpw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, C¶s¯ Ah-Ø-
bnÂ\n¶pw hfsc sa -s¸« Hcp kml-N-cy-¯n-te-¡v, \ne-hn-epÅ hn -h-§Ä D]-tbm-
116
Kn-¨p-X-s¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-
§Ä \S-¯m-\m-hpw.
PnÃm-þ-Xm-eq¡v Xe-¯n-epÅ {]hÀ -\-§-fn Btcm-Ky-h-Ip-¸nsâ tkh-\-§-fm-
b, t\ct¯ Is- Â, t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-S F¶o {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡mbn
Hcp aÄ«nUnkn-]vfn-\dn {Kq¸nsâ tkh-\w, {]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡m-bn- e- y-am-Ip-¶p-
sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-t --Xv, taJem tI{µ-¯nsâ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. Gähpw Npcp-§n-bXv
Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn Xew hsc, hnhn[ hnZ-Kv²-cm-b, inip-tcmK hnZ-Kv²À, \yqtdm-f-Pn-
Ìv, am\-knI BtcmKy hnZ-Kv²À, sskt¡m-f-Pn-Ìv, ^nkn-tbm-sX-d-¸n-Ìv, H¡p-t¸-j-
WÂ sXdm-¸n-Ìv, kv]o¨v sXdm-¸nÌv F¶n-h-cpsS tkh\w Dd-¸m-¡p-hm³ Cu hnZ-
Kv²sc kÀ¡mÀ Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn \nb-an-¡-Ww.
]©m-b¯v Xe-¯nÂ, tkh-\-§Ä e`y-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³,
kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ, ICDS, Ip-Spw-_-{io, SSA, IED-SS, addv NGO’S XpS-§n-b-hsc-
sbms¡ Iq«n-tbm-Pn-¸n-¨p-sIm-pÅ {]hÀ -\-§-fmWv kwL-Sn-¸n-t¡--Xv. PnÃm-X-e- n-
epw, Xmeq¡v Xe-¯nepw C¯cw {]hÀ -\-§Ä t{ImUo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kuI-cy-
§Ä taJem tI{µ-§Ä aptJ\ \S-¸m-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe
D¶X tI{µw- þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen
Ne-©vUns\ kwØm-\-X-e D¶X tI{µ-am¡n amäp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]Sn
Gähpw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn \S- -Ww.
tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ {]hÀ¯\w _p²n-am-µy-ta-J-e-bn HXp-§p-¶-
Xn-\p-]-Icw Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw ssiihat\m-
tcmKw XpS-§nb FÃm hn`mK§-sfbpw Hcp IpS-¡o-gn sImph-c-Ww.
tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ \nehn-ep-f-f {]hÀ -\-§sf ka-{K-ambn ]
p\xkwL-Sn-¸n-¡Ww.
kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn
saâen Ne-©vUven Ct¸mÄ Znh-k-th-X-\-¯nepw IcmÀ ASn-Øm-\-
117
¯nepw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶Poh-\-¡mÀ am{X-ta-bp-Åq. Øm]-\-¯nsâ
kpØn-chpw, kpk-Ö-hp-amb {]hÀ¯\-¯n-\mbn apgp-h³ Poh-\-¡m-
scbpw Ønc-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw ]qÀ® B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿-
Ww.
tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ {]tXyI
hnZym-e-b§-fpsS `c-W-]-chpw A¡m-Z-an-I-hp-amb {]hÀ -\-§sf tÌäv
C³Ìn-äyq-«p-ambn_Ôn-¸n¡Ww.
tÌäv C³Ìnäyq-«nsâ A¡m-Z-an-I-amb hn`h hn\n-ab tijn
kwØm-\Xe-¯nepw_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Hmtcm
hyàn¡pw klmbw e`y-am-¡p¶ hn[¯n iàns¸Sp- -Ww.
tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«ns\ kwØm\Xe D¶X tI{µ-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ km¼-
¯nI klmbw kwØm\ _UvPäv hnln-X-¯n \nt¶m {]tXyI tI{µ
{Kmâmtbm e`y-am-¡Ww.
kn.-F-¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen Nme-©vUns\
Hcp anI-hnsâ tI{µ-ambn (Centre for Excellence) hnI-kn-¸n-bv¡-Ww.
kn.-F-¨v.-ap-l-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-
{_Â ]mÄkn, sXdm¸yq-«n-Ivkv, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶o
hnj-b-§-fn Un{Kn, ]nPn-tIm-gvkp-IÄ XpS§n Hcp UowUv bqWn-th-
gvknän Ìmä-kn-tebv¡v DbÀ -Ww.
118
119
A²ym-bw-þ9
kmaqly kpc-£ (Social Security)
kmaq-ly-]n-t¶m-¡m-hØ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v DbÀ¯n-s¡m-p-h-cn-I-
sb-¶-Xv, ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-¯sâ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-sW¶v C¶v ]
cs¡ k½-Xn-¡p-¶p-v. GsX-¦nepw Hcp kaqlw AsÃ-¦n P\-hn-`mKw kaq-l-
¯n ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bn Ign-bp-¶Xn\v kmaq-ly-]-c-ambn khn-tij Imc-W-§Ä D-
m-Ipw. Imc-W-§sf imkv{Xo-b-ambn \nÀ²m-cWw sNbvXv ]cn-lm-c-amÀ¤-§Ä \S-¸m-
¡p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv, GsXmcp `c-W-Iq-Ss¯ kw_-Ôn¨pw {]Ya {][m\ _m[y-X. C
´ybpsS `cWL-S-\-bpsS A´-:k -Xs¶ \oXn-bpà kaq-l-¯nsâ km£m-
Xv¡mcw Dd-¸m-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv. \oXn \ne-\n-ev¡m-¯, kaq-l-sa-¶-Xv, am\-hnI
kwkvIr-Xn-tbmSp Xs¶-bpÅ hen-sbmcp shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. cmjv{S-hn- -h-§-fpsS \oXn-
bp-à-amb hnX-cWw \S-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-\pÅ Pm{K-X-bm-Wv, Hcp kaq-l-
¯nsâ Ne-\m-ß-I-X-bpsS e£-Ww. \oXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Ne-\m-ß-I-Xbv¡v
timjn¸v kw -hn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv kmaq-ly-a-c-hn¸v F¶ Bß-l-Xym-]-c-amb Zpc´w
kw -hn-¡p-I.
GsX-¦nepw P\-hn-`mKw kmaq-ly-ambn ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bn Ign-bp-¶-Xn-\v,
kmaq-lyhpw Ncn-{X-]-chpw kmkvIm-cn-I]chpw Btcm-Ky-]-chpw cmjv{So-b]c-hp-
amb ]e Imc-W-§Ä Dm-tb-¡mw. P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä kzbw kwL-Sn-¡p-Ibpw Ahsc
kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-bp-sams¡ sNbvXv kmaqly k½À±w krjvSn-¨m-Wv, ]e-t¸mgpw kaq-l-
¯n \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« \oXn P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä ]nSn-¨p-hm-§p-¶-Xv. \oXn-sb-¶-Xv, kzb-
tah AÀ°-k-¼qÀ®hpw AÀ°-Kw-`o-c-hp-am-Wv. Bcpw BÀ¡pw A\p-h-Zn-
¨p-\ÂIp¶ Hcp HuZm-cy-aà AXv. C´y³ `c-W-L-S\ AXnsâ Bhn-jv¡m-c-L-«-
¯n Xs¶, ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb DÅ-S-¡-ambn DbÀ¯n-¡m-Wn-¨Xv \nXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-
amb Hcp kmaqly LS-\-bmWv C´y¡mh-iy-w F¶m-Wv.
{_lv¯nsâ {]ap-J-amb Hcp²cn-Wn-bp-v. 'A\oXn t]am-cn-bmbn s]bvXn-d§p-
Ibpw A\oXn \S-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bm-sW-¦n kÔy-a-b-§n-¯o-cp-¶-Xn-\p-ap-¼p-Xs¶
120
B \Kcw I¯n-¨m-¼-em-hp-sa¶v'. Hc-\o-Xn-tbbpw ]cnjvIrX a\-Ên\v \ymbo-I-cn-
¡m-\m-hn-sö ImgvN¸m-Sm-Wv, {_lvXv apt¶m-«p-sh-bv¡p-¶-Xv. hyàn-bpsS imco-cn-
Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-sIm-v, AhÀ¡v kaq-l-¯n AÀl-amb \oXn
e`n-¡m¯ kml-N-cy-am-Wv, atäXv A\o-Xn-sb-¡mÄ A[mÀ½n-Iw. imco-cn-I-amb ]cn-an-
Xn-Itfm ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-tbm t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cmb hyàn-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨v, kmaqly
kpc-£n-X¯zw Dd-¸m-¡m³ khn-tij \S-]-Sn-I-Ä kzoI-cn-¡m³ \mw _m[y-Ø-cm-Wv.
akvXnjvI £X-tam, akvXnjvI tImi-§-fnse Akm-[m-c-W-Xz-tam-sImv shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v kmaqly kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-sb¶ kmaqly ZuXyw
kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw hfsc kq£va-X-tbm-sSbpw imkv{Xob t_m[-t¯m-sSbpw \nÀÆ-ln-
t¡--Xm-Wv. C¯cw {]iv\-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cn-te-¡v, kaq-lhpw kÀ¡mcpw Cd-
§n-s -¶m am{X-ta, ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hq. Imc-Ww, kzbw Bh-iy-§Ä D¶-bn-¡m-
t\m, Ah-Im-i-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-hm-§mt\m kzm`m-hnI tijn DÅ-h-c-Ã, _p²n-]camb
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-cpw. Bh-iy-§Ä tNmZn-¡m³ tijn-bn-Ãm- -Xp-sIm-p-am-
{Xw, AÀl-amb kmaqly hnlnXw A\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡p¶ kml-Ncyw \ne-\n-
ev¡p¶ GI hn`m-K-amWv tIc-f- n _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ.
AX-pt]m-se-X-s¶, kam-\-X-I-fn-Ãm¯ thZ-\-IÄ am{Xw \ÂIp¶ A\p- -h-
amWv _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v Pohn-Xw. C{X-tb-td-\n-
cm-im- -cn-X-amb Hcp kaq-ls¯ asä-hn-sSbpw Is-¯m-\m-hn-Ã. Ch-cpsS \ncm-ibpw
kmaq-ly-ambn Hä-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¶ tXm¶epw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. tIc-f-¯n kmaq-ly-]-
cn-K-W\ e`y-am-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¶-XmWv XojvW-amb Cu \ncm-i-bpsS Hcp Imc-Ww. ]T\ ]
cn-io-e\ kuI-cy-§-fpsS A`m-hw, kmaqly kpc-£n-¯z-an-Ãm-bva, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS
acWtijw Ip«n-IÄ A\p- -hn-¡p¶ A\m-Y-Xzs¯ kw_-Ôn¨ DXv¡WvT XpS-§n-b-h-
sbÃmw c£n-Xm-¡sf hÃmsX Akz-Ø-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Cu khn-tij am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-
bn Hcp kmaqly k½À±w hnI-kn-¸n-¡m³ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v {XmWn-
bn-ÃmsX hcp-¶p.
C{X-sbms¡ {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Hcp P\-hn-`m-K-am-bn-cp-¶n«p-t]mepw _p²n-]-
c-amb shÃphnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m-\p-X-Ip¶ Hcp ka{K kwhn-
[m\w cq]-s -Sp-¯m³ kaq-l-sa¶ \ne-bn tIc-f- n\v Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. imkv{Xo-b-
121
amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bn \njvIr-jvS-amb Hcp kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-
¦n _lp-`q-cn-]£w hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-scbpw kaq-l-
¯n hnZ-Kv²-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-¯nsâ
kZv^ew e`y-am-ImsX hcp-t¼m-gm-Wv, kmaqly kpc£nXXz ]²-Xn-IÄ¡mbn IqSp-
XÂ A²zm-\hpw hn -hhpw sNe-h-gn-t¡n hcp-¶-Xv. CX-]-cy-´-ambn imkv{Xob ]p\-c-
[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS Hcp Xe-¯nepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc
kw_-Ôn-¨v, Imcy-am-sbm¶pw tIc-f-¯n\v sN¿m-\m-bn-«n-Ã.
{]iv\w t\cs¯ Is- p-¶Xv XpS-§n, t\c-t -X-s¶bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-
SÂ, {]tbmK-]-c-amb hnZym-`ym-kw, sXmgn þ Ch-sbm-¶nepw kmaqlyamb hn`h
hn\n-tbmKw \S-¯m- -XnsâIqSn ]cn-Wn-X-^-e-am-Wv, kmaqly kpc-£n-XXz
{]hÀ -\-§Ä IqSp-X {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡m³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-am-Ip¶ kml-N-cyw. ]
et¸m-gpw, ]mcn-Øn-XnI Imc-W-§Ä aqeap-m-Ip¶ {]iv\-§Ä þ DZm-l-c-W-am-bn,
ImkÀtIm-s«, F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-eþ \nÊ-lm-b-cmb Zcn{Z hn-`m-K-§Ä
Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p¶ {]tZ-i-¯v, hnth-N\ cln-X-amb IoS-\m-in-\n-IÄ BIm-i-¯p-\n¶pw
Xfn-¨Xv Imc-W-am-Wv, C -c-samcp henb Zpc´w Imk-À-tIm«v Dm-b-sX-¶v, C¶v
GXm-s-Ãm-hcpw Xs¶ k½-Xn-¡p-¶p. kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ Irjn-t¯m-«-
¯n \S-¯nb Cu IoS-\m-in\n {]tbmKw, F{Xtbm a\p-jy-cpsS F{Xtbm Xe-ap-d-
Isf C\nbpw _m[n-¡p-¶, {]iv\-ambn C\nbpw XpS-cp¶ Zpc-´-ambn ]cn-Wan¨p!
C¯cw kml-N-cy-¯nÂ, `c-W-Iq-S- n-sâ, hngvN-aqew, ]uc-·mÀ¡v G¡p¶
BLmXw temI-¯msI tZiob Zpc-´-sa¶ Xc-¯n-emWv hnh£n-¡p-¶-Xv. P¸m-\nse
lntcm-£n-a-þ-\m-K-km¡n Zpc-´-§-fpsS kz`m-h-apÅ {]iv\-amWv C -c-¯n-epÅ Zpc- -
§Ä. em` Xmev]-cy-§-fpsS \nÊ-lm-b- Cc-I-fmbnamdp¶ Cu P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä¡p-thn
FÃm-hn[ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§fpw Gsä-Sp¯v \S-¯p-I-sb-¶Xv AS-b-´nc
{]m[m\yw \evtI Imcy-am-Wv.
GXm-bm-epw, ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-tam, Btcm-Ky-]-c-tam, AXp-a-sÃ-¦n NnInÂkm ]cn-
io-e-\-§-fpsS A`mhw F¶o Imc-W-§-fmÂ, sshI-ey-¯nsâ XS-hn-em-¡-s¸-«-hsc ]
qÀ®-ambn Gsä-Sp-¡m-\pÅ [mÀ½nI _m[yX kaq-l-¯n-\p-v. ]t£ _p²n-]-c-ambn
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v am{Xw tIcf kaqlw Hcp _m[y-Xbpw Gsä-Sp-
122
¡m³ CXp-hsc k¶-²-am-bn-«n-Ã. AhÀ¡p-th hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-t\m, sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-
¯nt\m sXmgn-en-t\m, H¶pwXs¶ \oXn-]qÀÆ-amb hn -hhn-\n-tbmKw \S-¯n-bn-«n-Ã.
AY-hm, Cu cmPys¯ ]uc-s\¶ \ne-bn `c-W-L-S\ Dd-¸p-\ÂInb ASn-Øm\
Ah-Im-i-§-sfms¡ \ntj-[n- -Xn-eqsS Ah\v e`y-am-tI hn`h hnlnXw kaq-l-¯nse
asä-Ãm-hcpw IhÀs¶-Sp¯ kml-N-cy-am-Wp-m-Ip-¶-Xv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, CXv tIhew
`c-W-IqS _m[yX am{X-a-Ã, C -c-¯n-epÅ P\-hn-`m-K-t¯mSv hnth-N\w ImWn¨
kaq-l-¯nse Hmtcm hyàn-bpw, Ah-c-\p- -hn¨ AYhm A\p- -hn-¡p¶ A[nI
kmaqly kuI-cy-§Äs¡ms¡ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-htcmSv IS-s¸-«n-cn-
¡p-¶p. sXsÃmcp ]Ým-¯m-]-t¯msS \mw Ct¸mÄ B ISw ho«n, Ah-tcmSv sNbvX,
sN¿p¶ hnth-N-\-¯n\v ]cn-lm-c-ap-m-¡-Ww.
CXp-h-sc-bmbpw Kuc-h-amb ImgvN-¸m-tSm-sS, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnj-b-§fn kmaq-ly-amb CS-s]-S \S-¸m-¡m-\m-bn-Ã, F¶-Xp-sIm- -
p-X-s¶, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v F¯s¸-Sm-\pÅ Hcp km²y-Xbpw Ahsc
kw_-Ôn-¨p-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn-ep-]-cn, kaq-ln-I-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ Hcp ap³KW-\m-hn-j-
b-ambn kz´w Imcy-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-hm-§m-\m-Im¯ Hcp hn`m-Ks¯ kw_-Ôn¨ hnj-b-
§Ä ]cn-W-an-¡p-sa¶v {]Xo-£n-¡m\pw h¿. hnI-em-wK-cpsS Ah-Im-is¯ kw_-Ôn-
¨pÅ sFIy-cmjv{S {]Jym-]\w ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-¶-t]m-se, ]qÀ® ]uc-Xz-sa¶ Ah-
Imim[njvTnX kao-]\w (Right Based Approach) kzoI-cn-¡m³ C¶v temI-cm-jv{S-§Ä
_m[y-Ø-cm-Wv. aäv kam-\-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn \n¶pw XnI¨pw hyXy-
Ø-am-Wv, akvXn-jvI-kw-_-Ô-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnj-bw. AXp-sIm- -
p-X-s¶, Ch-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ khn-ti-j-amb {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v
kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-I-Ww. C¡mcyw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sIm-m-Wv, Cu dnt¸mÀ«nÂ, CXnsâ ]cn-
[n-bn hcp¶ _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_ ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih
at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw XpS-§nb hnj-b-§Äs¡Ãmw s]mXp-hm-bn, Ah-cpsS ]
cn-io-e\{Ia-§-fpw, a\p-jy-hn- -h-tijn hnI-k-\-hpw, Kth-j-Whpw Hs¡ ]cn-K-Wn¨v Hcp
kwØm-\-Xe anI-hsâ tI{µw Øm]n-¡-W-sa¶ ip]mÀi DÅ-S¡w sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv.
123
Cu {]iv\-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cmb tIc-f-¯nse FÃm hyàn-IÄ¡pw
hnZKv² tkh\w Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p¶ coXn-bnÂ, Gähpw ASn- -«n-epÅ ]©m-b¯v Xew
hsc F¯p¶ hn[-¯n-em-Wv, Cu tI{µs¯ hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cusbmcp
skâÀ, \½psS cmPy¯v C -c-¯n-epÅ BZy kwcw- -am-Wv. _p²nssh-I-eyw, Hm«n-
kw, ]T\ sshI-eyw, F¶o {]iv\-§-fpÅ tIc-f-¯nse FÃm Ip«n-IÄ¡pw, t\c-t -
bpÅ Is- Â, t\c-t -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ, khn-tij hnZym-`ym-kw,
sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w F¶o taJ-e-I-fn hnZKv² tkh\w Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p¶ coXn-bn-em-
Wv, Cu kwØm-\-Xe anI-hnsâ tI{µ-s¯, Bkq-{XWw sN¿p-¶-Xv. hnI-emwK ]p\-
c-[n-hmk taJ-e-bn hen-tbm-cp, IpXn-¨p-Nm-«-¯n-\pÅ km[y-X-sbm-cp-¡p¶ Cu
tI{µw, F{Xbpw s]s«-¶v, asä´v ]cnan-Xn-I-fp-s-¦nepw Ah-sbÃmw ]cn-l-cn¨v
DS³ \S-¸m-¡-W-sa¶v I½o-j³ ip]mÀi-sN-¿p-¶p. XoÀ -bmbpw kmaqly kpc-£n-X-
Xz-¯n anI¨ kw`m-h-\-IÄ sN¿m³ C -c-¯n-epÅ Kth-j-Wm-[n-jvTnX Øm]-\-
¯nsâ Bh-iy-IX tIc-f-¯n hfsc {][m-\-s -«-Xm-Wv.
hnZym-`ymk kuP-\yw, kuP\y sXmgn ]co-io-e-\w, sXmgn-ep-d¸v, kmaq-ln-I-
amb Pohn-X-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb kzmX-{´yw, b{Xm kuP-\y-§Ä, s]³j³, C³jz-d³kv
XpS§n FÃm taJ-e-I-fnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ]cn-K-W\
Dd¸v \ÂIpI F¶-Xv, C¶v ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-¯nsâ {][m\ e£-W-§-fn-sem-¶m-
Wv. aäv hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-sf-¡mÄ, FÃm-hn[ ]cn-K-W-\-IÄ¡pw IqSp-XÂ AÀlÀ,
t_m[ aWvU-e-¯nÂXs¶ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ \ne-hn-epÅ FÃm \nb-a-]-c-amb B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Dd-
¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS khn-ti-j-amb
kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn¨v Gähpw DZmc kao-]\w IqSn Ch-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Hmtcm
kÀ¡mÀ \S-]-Sn-bnepw Dm-I-W-sa-¶Xpw AXv kmaq-ly-amb \nÀº-ÔnX _m[y-X-bm-
Ip¶ aqey-t_m-[-¯n-te¡v kaqlw Db-tc--Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.
kmaq-lnI kpc£ -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ
124
18 hb-Êp-I-gnª Xo{h _p²n sshI-ey-ap-Å-hsc imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-
bn kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ]cn-]m-e\ tI{µ§Ä ASn-b- n-c-ambn Bcw-`n-¡-
Ww.
hnI-emwK \nbaw 1995 (PWD Act) A\p-im-kn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ am\-Z-
WvU-§Ä
]men-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-am-{Xta PWD cPn-kvt{S-j³ \ÂIm-hq.
tI{µ kÀ¡m-cnsâ ]cn-K-W-\-bn-en-cn-¡p¶ hnI-emwK Ah-Imi _nÃv-
þ2012 ]mÀe-saân ]mkm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ tIc-f- nÂ
\n¶pÅ ]mÀesaâv AwK§-fn-eqsS ià-amb k½À±w HmtI{µkÀ¡m-
cn sNep- -Ww.
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnepw s]mXphn-Zym-e-b§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kao-IrX t]mj-Im-lmcw e`n-
¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp -Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ,
kzImcy Bip]-{Xn-I-fn {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-bpw, ap³K-W-\bpw ((Iyq
Hgn-hm-¡p-I, Gsd t\cwIm¯p-\n¡p-¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡p-I, s]cp-amä {]iv\-
§Ä a\-Ên-em¡n (ssl¸À BIvSnhnän t]mep-Åh) s]cp-am-dpI))
\ÂIp-¶-Xn\v {]XyI kÀ¡mÀ D¯chv Cd-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS {]iv\-§sf¡pdn¨v kaq-l-
¯n t_m[ h¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\mbn kvIqÄ ]mTy-]-²-Xn-
bn (¹kv Sp ¢mÊv hsc) C¯cw Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnj-b-
§Ä DÄs¸-Sp- -Ww.
tI{µ \nb-a-§-fmb t]gvk¬ hn¯v Unkn_n-en-äokv BIvSv 1995, \mj-
WÂ {SÌv BIvSv 1999, bp.-F³. kn. BÀ, ]n.Un 2008 Ch-bnse \nÀt±-i-
§Ä IÀi-\-ambn \S¸n-em-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v
kwØm\ Xe-¯n klm-b-I-c-amb N«§Ä Dm-hp-Ibpw (Ah-Im-i-§Ä
e`n-¨n-sÃ-¦n \nb-a-\-S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ) iàambn
\S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
125
tIc-f-¯nse A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ ]mTy-]-²Xn, {]o ss{]adn Sot¨-gn-
knsâ ]mTy-]²Xn, t\gvknw-Kv, saUn-¡Â, ]mcm-sa-Un-¡Â, sXdm-]yq-«n-
¡v, tkmjy hÀ¡v XpS-§nb ]mTy-]-²-Xn-IÄ Ch-bn _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hnfnIsf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnhc-§fpw {]mtbm-KnI ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]
{In-b-I-fpsams¡ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Hcp hnjb-ambn DÄs¸-Sp-t - -Xm-Wv.
kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ taÂt\m-«-¯n ASn-b-´n-c-ambn 18
hb Êp-I-gn-ª-hÀ¡mbn k¶-²-kw-L-S-\-IÄ s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-
§Ä, sNdp-InS hyh-kmb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä kzImcy kwcw-`-§Ä XpS-§n-
b-hsc DÄs -Sp-¯n-s¡m-pÅ Hcp ka-{K-amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw Bcw-`n-
¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpÅ {]tXy-In¨pw Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-
I-fpÅ Ipªp§-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, DtZym-K-Ø-cm-sW-¦n Ah-
cpsS tPmen ka-b-§-fn Hcp Znhkw cmhnsetbm sshIp-t¶-
ctam 1 aWn-¡qÀ apXÂ 2 aWn-¡qÀ hsc ka-b- nsâ Cfhv A\p-h-Zn-
bv¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ D -c-hn- d-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶- Ip«n-I-fpsS s]³j³
kvtImfÀjn- v, ssÌ]âv aäm-\p-Iq-ey§Ä F¶nh A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn\v
c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡-cp-Xv.
\nÀ[-\À/tcmKn-IÄ/ {]mbm-[nIyw h¶-hÀ/am\-knI tcmK-ap-Å-hÀ,
C -c- ¡m-cpsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS
kpc-£bv¡pw kwc-£-W-¯n-\p-ambn ]©m-b¯v Xe kanXn/
kwhn-[m\w Dm-h-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw
Ahsc Nqj-W-¯n \n¶pw kwc-£n-t¡--Xnsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-¡p-
dn-¨pw, Sn-hn, ]{Xw, CâÀs\äv XpS-§nb am[y-a-§-fn-eqsS t_m[-
h¡-cWw \ÂI-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v s]mXp-P-\-§-fn Ah-
t_m[w Dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb sNdp-]-c-ky-§Ä Zriy-am-
126
[y-a-§-Ä/tdUntbm F¶n-h-bn \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw kwt{]-£Ww
sN¿p-¶-Xn\v \nb-a-\nÀ½m-W-
¯n hyhØsN¿-Ww.
DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, {]tXy-In¨v Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v eoh-\p-hZn-¡p-¶-Xn\v
DZmc kao-]\w kzoI-cn-bv¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, i¼-f-t¯m-sSm¸w Ip«n-I-
fpsS `oa-amb NnIn-Õm- sN-e-hv, hnZym-`ymk sNe-hv, bm{Xm sNehv
F¶n-hbpw A\p-h-Zn¨p \evI-Ww.
Xo{h-þ-XojvW hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸« _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶
Ip«n- I-fpsS DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v am\-kn-tIm-Ãm-k-¯n-\mbn
asäÃm A\p-h-Z-\ob eohp-IÄ¡p-ap-]-cn, 10 Znh-k-s -sb-¦nepw
Ah-[nbpw DÃm-k- bm{Xm sNehpw kÀ¡mÀ \evI-Ww. Cu B\p-
Iqeyw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnepw \evIp-¶-Xn\v Dt -P\w \evI-Ww.
c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS A`m-h- nÂ/ c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v kwc-£n-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«p-
Å-t¸mÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc Xma-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v
kvs]jy kvIqfp-Ifp-am-tbm, ]p\-c-[n-hmk Øm]-\-§-fp-amtbm _Ô-
s¸«v kzIm-cyþ kÀ¡mÀ ]¦m-fn- -t¯msS “sdkvss]äv tlmwkv ”
Bcw`n-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ayqkn-bw, arK-ime aäp-hn-
t\mZ tI{µ§Ä F¶n-hn-S-§-fn kµÀi\w kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Ah-Im-i-
§fpw e`y-amIp-¶-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb
{]tXyI \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww.
aäp hnI-emwK hn`m-K§fn \n¶pw hyXy-Ø-ambn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS NnInÕm sNehv, acp-¶v, ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\pÅ sNe-
hv, ]cm-{i-bXzw Ch]cn-K-Wn¨v s]³j³ KWy-ambn hÀ²n-¸n-¡-Ww.
\nb-a-ÚÀ, tImSXn DtZym-K-ØÀ, dh\yq DZym-K-ØÀ, t]meo-kv, BÀ.-Sn.
H, ss{UhÀ, I-IvSÀ XpS-§nb s]mXpP-\-hp-ambn \nc-´cw _Ô-s¸-Sp¶
127
FÃm DtZym-K-ØÀ¡pw am\-kn-I-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]än-
bpÅ t_m[-h¡-c-Whpw {]tXyI ]cn-io-e-\hpw \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ
kuP-\y-ambn hmZn-¡p-¶-Xn\v sslt¡m-S-Xnbnepw, PnÃm tImS-
Xnbnepw Hcp Kh¬saâv ¹oU-dpsS tkh\w e`y-am-t¡--Xm-Wv.
tlmw sIbÀ Bh-iy-amb Xo{h hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸Sp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡sf sXmgnep-d- p-]-²-Xn-bnÂ
DÄs -Sp- -n Ip«n-IÄ¡v \ÂIp¶ ]cn-N-cWw sXmgn-embn ]cn-K-Wn¨v
thX\w \evI-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS khn-ti-jX ]cn-K-Wn¨v Ah-cp-
ambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v ^mÌv {Sm¡v kwhn-
[m\w Dm-h-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Btcm-Ky, NnIn-Õm, ]cn-io-
e-\m-h-iy-§Ä¡mbn Xmeq¡v Xew apX-se-¦nepw aÄ«n Unkn-¹n-\dn
Soansâ tkh\w e`y-amt¡--Xm-Wv.
NnInÕm cwKs¯ Nqj-W-§-fn \n¶pw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶h-sc-bpw, Ah-cpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡-sfbpw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v
\nba]cn-c£\ÂIWw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpÅ IpSpw-_-§sf _n.-]n.-FÂ
hn`m- K-¯n DÄs -Sp- -Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶- {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb B¬Ip-«n-IfpsS-
bpw, s]¬Ip-«n-I-fpsSbpw Ah-Im-i-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-
Ifpw ap³I- cp-X-ep-Ifpw kzoI-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.
c£-IÀ¯m-¡-fpsS Ime-tijw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc
kwc- £n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Hmtcm PnÃ-bnepw BPo-h-\m´ ]p\-c-[n-hmk tI{µ-
§Ä XpS- t§--Xm-Wv.
tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©nUv, kvs]jyÂ
kvIqfpIÄ,sF.C.- Un.-F-kv.-F-kv, Fkv.-F-kv.-F, IpSpw-_-{io, km£-cXm
anj³ XpS-§nb GP³kn-Isf imkv{Xo-b-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-
128
Sp¯n _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS Hcp kÀtÆ \S¯n
ØnXn hnhcIW-¡v Dm-t¡--Xm-Wv.
Xo{h _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS IpSpw-_s¯ Bizm-
kIncWw ]²-Xn-bn hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡msX DÄs¸-Sp¯n
FÃm-hÀ¡pw klmbw e`n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp -Ww.
sshIeyw sXfn-bn-¡p¶ kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-IÄ thK-¯nepw icn-bmbpw
\nÀ®- bn¨p \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v DÅ kwhn-[m\w Dmbncn-¡-Ww.
\nb-a-]-c-amb c£m-IÀXr-kw-hn-[m\w \ne-hn hcp-¯p-Ibpw AXv
Zpcp-]-tbmKw sN¿-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ iàamb \nba kwc-£Ww \ÂIp-
¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡pIbpw thWw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw klm-bn¡pw _kvbm{Xm
klmbw \ÂIp-¶-Xnsâ Zqc-]-cn[n 40 Intem-ao-äÀ F¶p-ÅXv Zqc-]-
cn[n Hgn-hm¡n \ÂI-Ww.
hnZym-`ymkw, NnInÕm, sXmgnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÅ-
hÀ¡p- t\sc \S-¯p¶ Ipä-Ir-Xy-§Ä XpS-§nb Bh-em-Xn-
IÄ¡v ]cn-lmcw ImWp- ¶-Xn-\mbn {]tXyI \nbakwhn-[m-\hpw,
{]tXyI tImS-Xnbpw Dm-h-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ hyàn-I-fpsS IpSpw-_-¯n\v
sshZyp Xn, shÅw, t^m¬ Ch ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.
tIkv ÌUn-
ae-¸p-ds¯ apl-½-Zm-en-tbbpw IpSpw-_-t¯bpw kµÀin-¡p-t¼mÄ, a\ÊvhÃmsX ]nS-bpw. Xncn¨v ho«n h¶n-d§n amk-§Ä Ign-ªmepw \½psS Dd-¡-t¯bpw DWÀÆn-t\-bpw, Ip«n-I-fp-tSbpw A½-bp-tSbpw \njvI-f¦ apJ-§Ä ]n³Xp-SÀ¶p-sIm-n-cn-¡pw. a\p-jy³ F¶ \ne-bn \½Ä F{X-am{Xw \nÊ-lm-b-cm-sW¶Nn´ \s½ ZpÀº-e-cm-¡pw. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Bdv Ip«n-I-fpÅ IpSpw-_w!
]Xn-äm-p-IÄ¡p-ap³]v Xan-gv\m-«nÂ\n¶pw IpSn-tb-dn-b-XmWv apl-½-Zm-en.A[zm-\n¨p IpSpw_w ]peÀ¯m-sa¶ Bß-hn-izm-k-amWv hnhm-lw-sNbvXp ae- p-d-¯p-X-s¶ Xma-kn-¡m³ Ct±-l-¯n\v ss[cyw \evIn-b-Xv. aWÂsXm-gn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp-¶p, apl-½-Zm-en. F¶m Pohn-X-¯n\v ku`mKyw ]I-tc ]ecpw ZpcnX Nn{X-§-fmbn ap¶n \nd-ª-t¸mÄ, Cu a\p-jy³ \nk-lm-b-\mbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
129
aq¯ aI\v 23 hb-Êp-v. Cc-«-I-fmb Cfb Ip«n-IÄ¡v 12 hb-Êpw. s]¬Ip«nkm[m-cW kvIqfn-emWv ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶m ]co-£bv¡v am{Xw sN¶m aXn-sb¶ \nÀt±iw \evIn-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv kvIqfp-ImÀ. km[m-cW Ip«n-I-tfm-sSm¸wCcp¯n ]Tn-¸n-¨Xp-sImv {]tbm-P-\-an-Ã. Cfb cp-t]À Aev]w AI-se-bpÅkvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn ]Tn-¡p-¶p. aq -a-I³ cmhnse apX \m«n Npän-¯n-cn-ªp-\-S-¡p-¶p. `mcy am\-knI tcmKn-bm-b-tXmsS Ggp-t]-cpsS Imcy-§Ä t\mt¡Ah-Ø-bn-em-Wv apl-½-Zm-en. C{Xbpw {]iv\-§Ä DÅ ho«nÂ\n¶pw ]pd-¯p-t]mbn tPmen-t\m-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv Akm-[yw.
cv a-¡Ä¡v s]³j-\mbn sNdn-sbmcp XpI In«p-¶-XmWv Cu IpSpw-_-¯n\vt]cn-\pÅ klm-bw. Nne aX kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw kpa-\-Êp-I-fmb hyàn-I-fp-sSbpw sNdnb sNdnb klm-b-§-fmWv Ch-cpsS Pohn-Xs¯ apt¶m«v Nen-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]Wn-Xo-cm¯ sIm¨p-ho-«n XnI¨pw hr¯n-lo-\-amb kml-N-cy-¯n Zn\-§ÄXÅn-\o-¡p¶ Cu a¡fpw amXm-]n-Xm-¡fpw tIc-f- nsâ a\-Êm-£n-¡p-ap-¶nÂtNmZy-Nn-Ó-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv. IS-¸mSv þZo]nI Zn\-]-{Xw.
A²ym-bw-þ10
]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw(Rehabilitation Village)
kmaqly kpc-£n-X-Xz-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-
¶-h-cp-sS, AXym-h-iy-ambpw \S-¸m-t¡ asämcp {][m-\-s¸« Npa-X-e, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS
Ime-ti-jw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIfp-Å-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-sa-¶-Xm-Wv. tIc-f-
¯n-se, C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpÅ FÃm IpSp-_-§-fn-sebpw apgp-h³ IpSpw-_mw-K-§tfbpw
{]tXy-In¨v c£n-Xm-¡sf Kuc-h-ambn Ae-«n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp {]iv\-am-Wn-Xv. H¶n-e-
[n-Iw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, Htc ho«n-ep-s-¦n AsÃ-¦nÂ
Ipªp-§-sf-Ãm-hcpw Xs¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-bpÅ IpSp-_-
§-fn-epÅ c£n-Xm-¡-Ä hÃm-s¯mcp A\n-Ýn-Xm-h-Ø-bnepw AÔ-Im-c-¯n-ep-am-Wv.
F{X-tbm, IpSpw-_-§-fnÂ, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ac-W-tijw Cu Ip«n-IÄ sImSnb A\m-Y-
Xzhpw Ac-£n-X-Xzhpw kln¨v Ign-ªp-h-cp-¶p-v. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ 18 hb-Ên-\p-ti-j-
apÅ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ {]tXy-In-¨v, Xo{hhpw Xo£vW-hp-amb Ah-Ø-bp-
Åsc, BPo-h-\m´w Gsä-Sp-¯v, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k- n\v klm-bn-t¡--Xp-v. AXn-\mbn
I½o-j³ apt¶m-«p-sh-bv¡p¶ \nÀt±-iw, FÃm PnÃ-I-fn-epsa-¦nepw Hmtcm ]p\-c-[n-
130
hmk hntÃ-Pp-IÄ XpS-§p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv. kmaq-ly-\oXn hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯nÂ
C -c-samcp kwcw`w XpS-§p-¶-Xmhpw DNn-Xw. Øe hnkvXr-Xn-bpÅ Cu ]p\-c-[n-
hmk hntÃ-PnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Xma-k- n-\pÅ
tImt«-Pp-I-fpw, AhÀ¡v tPmen-sN-¿m³ Ign-bp-¶-hn-[-¯n sNdp-InS hyh-kmb
Øm]-\-§-fp-ap-m-I-Ww.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS {]mb-amb c£n-Xm-¡Ä
X§-fpsS kpZoÀLhpw Zpc-´-]qÀ®-hp-amb a\x-kw-LÀj Pohn-X-¯n-s\m-Sp-hn am\-
kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb ZpÀ_-em-h-Ø-bn-emWv Iph-cp-¶-Xv. bmsXm-cp-hn[ ip -{]-
Xo-£bpw Pohn-X-¯n sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯m-\m-hmsX \ncm-i-bnepw \ncmhew-_-X-bnepw
Pohn¨v A\m-Y-Xz-¯n-se-¯n-b-hcpw Bß-l-Xy-sN-bvX-h-cp-amb F{Xtbm IpSpw-_-§Ä
\½psS I¬ap-¶n-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-bn. dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ hntÃPv cq]o-I-cWw F¶
\S-]Sn c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v Hc-¯m-Wn-bm-hp-¶-sXmsSm-¸w, Ah-cpsS tkh-\-§fpw dolm-
_n-en-tä-j³ hntÃ-Pn ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-bp-à-am-¡p¶ Xc-¯n kwhn-[m\w sN¿mw.
kÀ¡mÀ kzImcy ]¦m-fn- -t¯msS (Public-Priate- Participation) XpS-§p¶ kwc-
w -am-bn-cn¡pw IqSp-XÂ KpW-]-c-am-bn-cn-¡p-I. hyh-kmb hIp-¸n-tâbpw klmbw Dd-
¸p-h-cp-t --Xp-v. Cu hntÃ-Pp-I-fn sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-§sf BIÀjn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-
epÅ kÖo-I-c-W-§Ä þ hyh-kmb ]mÀ¡v, aäv ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä XpS-§n-bh
Hcp-¡p-I-bpw, \nÝnX iX-am-\w, sXmgn-ep-IÄ, Cu hntÃ-Pnse At´-hm-kn-
IÄ¡v \ÂIp-I-sb-¶ Icm-tdmsS hyh-km-bn-IÄ¡v kpK-a-ambn hyh-kmbw \S-
¯m-\pÅ hnhn[ B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw {]Jym-]n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, C¯cw hntÃ-Pp-Isf
{Inbm-ß-I-ambn apt¶m-«psIm-p-t]m-Im-\m-Ipw. sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-§Äs¡m-¸w, Irjn,
I¶p-Im-en-h-fÀ¯Â, lmân-{Im^väv F¶n-h-bvs¡Ãmw {]tXyI B\p-Iq-ey-t¯msS
IÀj-IÀ¡pw hyh-km-bn-IÄ¡pw Øew eokn\p \ev-Ip-Ibpw AtXm-sSm-¸w, Cu hntÃ-
Pnse At´-hm-kn-IÄ¡v ]c-am-h[n Ah-kcw \ÂIn, Irjnbpw hyh-km-b-hp-
sams¡ em -I-c-ambn \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-Ncyw \ÂIpI-bp-am-sW-¦nÂ, Cu
kwcw`w hnP-b-I-c-ambn apt¶m«v sImp-t]m-Im-\m-Ipw. kmaq-ly-\oXn h-Ip¸pw hyh-
kmb hIp¸pw kzIm-cy-kw-cw- -I-cp-sam-s¡, Hs«mcp kmaqly {]Xn-_-²-X-tbm-sS, Cu
hnjbw Gsä-Sp-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ hntÃPv F¶ kwhn-[m-\w,
131
X§Ä¡ptijw Ip«n-IÄ¡v kw -hn-¡p¶ Ac-£n-X-Xz-¯nsâ Aim´n Ah-km-\n-¸n¨v
kzØ-cmbn Pohn-¡m-\pÅ Ah-kcw c£m-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡v {]Zm\w sN¿pw.
132
1999 se \mj-WÂ {SÌv BIvSv, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,
_lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o hn`mK-§-fpsS kmaqly kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸p-\-evIp¶ \nba
\S-]-Sn-bm-Wv. \mj-WÂ {SÌv BIvSnÂ, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ac-W-tijw Ip«n-I-fpsS ]cn-
N-cWw Dd-¸p-\-evIp-¶-Xn\v Hcp {][m\ hIp-¸p-v. c£m-IÀXrXzw(Guardianship) F¶
ioÀj-I-¯n-epff Cu hIp-¸v, Ip«n-I-fpsS `mhn-sb kw_-Ôn¨v c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v
\evIp¶ Hcp-d-¸m-Wv. ]t£, CXv tIc-f- n ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-¸m-¡n-h-cp-¶n-Ã. Cu
BIvSn sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ c£m-IÀXr-Xz-sa¶ hIp-¸sâ A´:-k¯ DÄs¡m-p-sIm-v,
_p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]
T-\-{]-iv\-§Ä F¶o akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS
REHABILITATIONVILLAGE
(Through public-private participation)
Food &Shelter
TherapyUnit Employment
Recreation Dispensary
Small Scale Industries:
Pottery Coir Packing of food And more
Agriculture:
Vegetables Flowers And more
133
kwc£Ww c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ac-W-ti-jw, Gsä-Sp-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ apt¶m-«p-h-c-Ww. PnÃ-
I-fn dolm-_n-en-tä-j³hn-tÃ-Pp-IÄ Øm]n-¨v, Ah-cpsS kwc-£Ww Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-hp-
¶-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m-bn-am{Xw \nÝnX kwJy Hcp tImÀ¸kv ^mbn kÀ¡mÀ amän
hbvt¡--Xm-Wv. tZio-b-X-e-¯n 500 tImSn-cq-]-bm-Wv, CXn-\mbn \mj--W {SÌv
BIvSv {]Imcw amän-sh- -Xv. B kwJy ]s£ hfsc \ma-am-{X-am-Wv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kaqly kpc-£-bp-ambn _Ô-
s¸«v AhÀs¡-Xnsc \S-¡p¶ hym]-I-amb Nqj-W-km-l-Ncyw CÃm-Xm-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ
AXoh Pm{KX ]peÀt --Xp-v. akvXn-jvI-¯n-\mWv £Xw F¶p-Å-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶,
Imcy-§Ä hnth-Nn- -dn-bm-t\m, imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Nqj-Ws¯ kw_-Ôn¨v
a\-Ên-em-¡m-t\m, C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v Hcn-¡epw Ign-sª-¶p-h-cn-Ã. khn-ti-j-am-b,
am\-kn-I, imco-cnI Ah-Ø-IÄ Ip«n-I-fn-ep-Å-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶, Chsc FÃm-hn-[-¯nepw
NqjWw sN¿m-\pÅ A[nI {]hWXbpw kaq-l-¯n-ep-m-tb-¡mw. AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-
s¶, {]Xn-I-cn-¡n-sö Dd-¸nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Ah-Im-i-§-fp-
sams¡ \nÀ±m-£nWyw \ntj-[n-¡m-\pÅ {]h-W-Xbpw DmImw. Cu kml-Ncyw kaq-l-
¯nse asäÃm hn`m-K-§-fn \n¶pw hyXy-kvX-ambn hf-sc-tbsd {i²bpw kq£va-
Xbpw Pm{K-Xbpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw Cu Ip«n-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Ah-Im-i-þ-\n-ba hnj-
b-§-fn t_m[-]qÀÆw ]peÀt -n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p F¶v \t½m-Sm-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.
Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« Hcp {]iv\-am-Wv, B¬Ip-«n-I-fm-bmepw s]¬Ip-«n-I-fm-
bmepw ssewKn-I-amb Nqj-W-¯n-\pÅ {ia¯n\v Cc-bm-Ip¶p F¶Xv. C¶v ssewKn-
Im-{I-a-W-t¡-kp-I-fnse s]mXp-\n-b-a-§-sfms¡ IqSp-XÂ IÀ¡-i-am-b-Xp-sIm- v, kmaq-
ly-a-\-Êv, sXfn-hp-IÄ\-in-¸n-¡m³ Ffp- -ap-Å, sXfn-hp-IÄ ^e-{]-Z-ambn t_m[n-¸n-
¡m³ Ign-bm¯ hn`m-K-§-fmb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cp-Sp-¶-h-cpsS t\À¡v
Xnc-ªn-«p-s¶v thWw A\p-am-\n-¡m³. Cu ASp¯ Ime-¯m-bn, C -c-¯n-epÅ
ssewKnI AXn-{I-a-§-fpsS tXmXv ]qÀÆm-[nIw hÀ²n-¨n-«p-s¶v \nb-a-hr- -§Ä kqNn-
¸n-¡p-¶p. Cu AhØ IÀ¡-i-ambn t\cn-tS- -Xp-v. AtXm-sSm-¸w, \ne-hn-epÅ, \nb-a-]-
c-ambn AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ntj-[n-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-§fpw Dm-Ip-¶p.
C¯cw {]iv\-§sf AXoh Kuc-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-Ibpw \nb-a-]-c-ambn ]c-am-h[n
in£ Ipä-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip-¶-hn[w \nb-aw-Xs¶ Dm-¡p-Itbm thWw.
134
I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v {io. hn. BÀ IrjvW-¿À DÄs¸«
{]apJ \nb-a-Úcpw A`n-`m-j-Icpw ]s¦-Sp¯ inev]-im-e-bn Dcn-¯n-cn-ªp-h¶
\nÀt±-iw, Ch-cpsS khn-tij kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS IpSpw-_-þ-km-aqly PohnXw kpc-£n-X-am-¡m³ {]tXyI \nbaw Bhn-
jvI-cn¨v \S-¸m-¡p-¶Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv. \ne-hn-epÅ FÃm \nb-a-§fpw
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, Gsd {]tbm-P-\-I-c-ambn A\p- -
h-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, \ne-hn-epÅ FÃm \nb-a-§-fpsSbpw kmcmwiw
DÄs¡m-v, \nba kwc-£-W-¯nsâ km¶n²yw Ch-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ, {]bm-k-§Ä
AI-äp-¶-hn[w {]hÀ -\-£-a-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\v DX-Ip¶ Hcp ]pXnb \nbaw Xs¶ Bhn-
jv¡-cn-t¡--Xp-v.
AtXm-sSm¸w, \ne-hn AÀl-amb ]e B\p-Iq-ey-§epw hnhn[ Imc-W-§-
fm \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kml-N-cy-ap-v. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-
cpsS \ymb-amb Ah-Im-i-§Ä \nc-kn-¡p-¶Xv Ahsc kw_-Ôn¨v Xncn- -dn-bm³
t]mepw Ign-bn-Ã. c£n-Xm-¡fpw GXm-s-Ãm-Im-cy-¯nepw a\w-a-Sp¯ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ
B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä¡m-bn, C¯cw k¦oÀ® Ah-Ø-bpÅ Ipªp-§sf ho«n X\n-¨m-
¡n, AsÃ-¦n tPmen-bp-t]-£n-¨v, Hm^o-kp-IÄ Ibdn Cd-§m-\pÅ am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-bn-
ep-am-bn-cn-¡n-Ã. ^e-¯nÂ, AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-Iqeyw ChÀ¡v e`y-am-ImsXhcpw.
AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä a\:¸qÀÆw Imc-W-an-ÃmsX \ntj-[n-¡-
s¸-Sp¶ kml-Ncyw CÃm-Xm-¡m³, {]tXyIw cq]-I-ev]-\-sNbvX \nba kwhn-[m-\-
¯nÂ, \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-¡m-cm-b-h-cnÂ\n¶p ]ng-Np-a-¯m³ IrXy-amb
hIp-¸p-IÄ DmtI--Xm-Wv.
1950 Ifn Ata-cn-¡³ kmaq-lnI hyh-Ø-bn Gähpw IqSp-X NÀ¨
sNbvX Kuc-h-amb Hcp hnj-b-am-bn-cp¶p _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-khpw ]p\-
c-[n-hm-k-hpw. C¶v C´y-bn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ A\p- -hn-
bv¡p¶ Hc-\n-Ýn-XXz Ah-Øbv¡v kam-\-am-bn-cp-¶p, 60 hÀj-§Ä¡v ap¼v Ata-cn-
¡-bn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Gähpw \nÊ-lm-b-h-cmb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-
hÀ Gähpw k¼-¶hpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb Ata-cn-¡³ kaq-l-¯n t\cn-Sp¶ ISp¯
Ah-K-W-\, B kaq-ls¯ Bg-¯n thZ-\n-¸n-¨p. AXn-\p-tijw {]kn-Uâv
135
tPm¬.-F-^v.-sI-\-Un-bpsS Ime-L-«-t¯m-sS, Adp-]-Xp-I-fn _p²n-amµyw F¶
AhØ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Gähpw D¶-X-amb kmaq-ly-]-cn-K-W\ e`y-am-Ip¶ Xc-
¯n \nb-a-km-¼-¯nI kwhn-[m-\-§-sf-t¸mepw Ata-cn-¡³ kÀ¡mÀ DS-¨p-hmÀ¯p.
aäv temI-cm-Py-§Ä t]mepw _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ {]iv\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v, AXnsâ a\p-jy-
Xz-]-c-amb {]k-ànsb BZy-ambn Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v CS-bm-¡nb kml-N-cy-a-Xm-Wv.
Ata-cn-¡-bnse _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS A¶s¯ Ah-Øbv¡v ]cn-lmcw ImWm³
`c-W-Iq-Ss¯ bp²-Im-em-Sn-Øm-\-¯n Nen-¸n-¡p-hm³ Ata-cn-¡³ {]kn-Uâv
sNbÀam\pw asäÃm _Ô-s¸« hIp¸v sk{I-«dnamÀ AwK-§-fp-ambmWv, _p²n-am-µy-
{]iv\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v Ata-cn-¡-bn t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b-Xv. Cu
{]iv\-¯nsâ Kuchw DÄs¡mv Ata-cn¡ kzoI-cn¨ Cu kp{]-[m\ \S-]Sn temIw
apgp-h³ NÀ¨ sNbvXp. temI-¯v, C¶v Gähpw D¶-X-amb am\hnI ]cn-K-W\
_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-hÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ cmPyw Ata-cn-¡-bm-Wv.
60 hÀjw ap¼pÅ Ata-cn-¡³ kml-N-cy-amWv C¶v tIc-f-¯n _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS AhØ. AXp-sImpXs¶, Cu timN-\o-b-hØ ]cn-K-Wn-
¡m³, Ch-cpsS {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-¯n\v DtZym-K-Ø-cpÄs¸-sS-bpÅ kaq-ls¯ kPo-h-
ambn Nen-¸n-¡m³, Ata-cn-¡³ {]kn-Uâv ka-nXn¡v kam-\-am-bn, tIc-f-¯n Ch-cpsS
]pc-\-[n-hm-k-{]-hÀ -\-§Ä Pm{K-X-tbm-sSbpw kq£va-X-tbm-sSbpw \nÀÆ-ln-
¡p¶psh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-hm³ Hcp apJy-a{´n kanXn (Chief Minister Committee) Dm-¡p-
Ibpw, hnZym-`ymk hIp¸p a{´n, kmaq-lnI \oXn hIp¸v a{´n, BtcmKy hIp¸v a{´n,
]©m-b¯v hIp¸v a{´n, sXmgn hIp¸v a{´n F¶n-hÀ AwK-§-fmbpw sk{I-«-dn-
amcpw AXXp hIp¸p Ub-d-IvSÀam-cp-sams¡ \S-¯n-¸p-¡m-cp-ambn Cu kanXn DS³
cq]o-I-cn-¨v, \ne-hn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc \nÊ-lm-b-X-bpsS
AKm-[-amb Akz-ØX-IÄ t]dp¶ Cu henb hntij P\-hn-`m-K-s¯, kaq-l-
¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v DbÀ -W-sa¶v I½o-j³ ip]mÀi sN¿p-¶p.
136
tIkv ÌUn-
tImgn-t¡mSv PnÃ-bn-se Hcp tImS-Xn-bnÂ, _lp-am-\-s¸« PUvPn-bpsSap¼msI kPo-h-amb hmZw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. hmZn, 16 hb-ÊpÅ _p²n-amµyw_m[n¨ s]¬-Ip-«n. {]Xn Ab¡m-c-\mb 63 hb-Êp-Im-c³. tIkv ssewKnI ]oU-\w. Ignª aq¶v hÀj-ambn XpSÀ¶ hmZ {]Xn-hmZ {]{In-b-Ifpw \nba \S-]Sn{Ia-§fpw C\nbpw Ah-km-\n-¨n-«n-Ã. _p²n-am-µy-apÅ s]¬Ip-«n-bpsS kwkm-chpw{]Xn-I-c-W-hp-sam¶pw \nb-a-Ú\pw A`n-`m-j-I\p-sam¶pw a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶n-Ã._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v thn-bpÅ kvs]jy kvIqfnseA[ym-]n-Isb, s]¬Ip-«n-bpsS hm¡p-Ifpw BwKy-§fpw kwkm-c-§-fp-sams¡ hymJym-\n-¡m³ hnfn-¨n-«p-v. {]Xn-bpsS \nc-]-cm-[nXzw sXfn-bn-¡m³ A`n-`m-j-I³ FÃm-hn[ X{ -§fpw sa\-bp-¶p. At±-l-¯n\v Hä e£y-ta-bp-Åq þ XsâI£nsb Ipä-hn-ap-à-am-¡p-I. Zcn-{Z-bmb s]¬Ip«n-¡p-thn kÀ¡mÀ A`n-`m-j-I-\mWv lmP-cm-Ip-¶-Xv. Aivfo-e- p-h-bpÅ, {]Xn-bpsS A`n-`m-j-Isâ tNmZyw-sN-¿-enÂ, hnZKv² A[ym-]n-I-t]mepw Nqfn-t¸m-Ip-¶p. Ipä IrXyw sNbvX {]Xnsbhfsc IrXy-ambn tImS-Xn-bn Xncn- -dn-ª s]¬Ip«n, BwKy-¯n-eqsSbp `mh-lm-hm-Zn-I-fn-eq-sS-bp-saÃmw Xm\-\p- -hn¨ ]oV\w hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, hnZKv² A[y-]nItImS-Xn¡v hni-Zn-I-cn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p. 'h¡oÂ' {]tbm-K-§-fpsS IpÂknX X{´-§-sfm-s¡, s]¬Ip-«n-bpsS a\-Ê-dn-bm-¯, Ah-fpsS AhØ Xncn- -dn-bm³ Ign-bm¯ tImS-Xn- ap-dn-bn ]cn-lm-ky-amb Bkzm-Z-\-hp-ambn amdp-¶p. hymJym-\n-¡m³ h¶ A[ym-]n-I-bv¡vt]mepw am\-lm-\nbpw am\-knI ]oV-\-hp-ambn amdntImSXn apdn-bnse cwK-§Ä.
aq¶p-hÀjw-ap¼v \S¶ ssewKnI ]oV\ A\p- -hamWv. _p²n-am-µy-apÅs]¬Ip«n tImS-Xn-ap-dn-bn hni-Zo-In-t¡-Xv F¶-Xp-t]mepw kmam-\y-bp-àn¡v \nc-¡p-¶-X-Ã. A¶-¶s -Imcyw t]mepw HmÀs -Sp¯v ]d-bm³ {]bmk-s -Sp¶_p²n-am-µyw _m[n¨ hyàn-bm-Wv, \nba kwhn-[m-\-¯n-\p-ap-¶nÂ, XnI¨pw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Bfp-Ifpw A´-co-£-hp-ap-Ån-S-¯v, adp-`m-Kw, A`n-`m-j-Isâ CwKn-X-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v IrXy-ambn kwkm-cn-t¡-Xv!
C¶v s]mXp-th, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ s]¬Ip-«n-I-tfmSpwB¬Ip«n-I-tfm-Sp-apÅ ssewKnI AXn-{Iaw ap¼-s -¡mÄ Gsd hÀ²n- -cn-¡p-¶p.hmZn, _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bp-Å-h-cm-sW-¦n Ipä-hm-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨vc£-s¸-Sm³ \nb-a-¯nsâ ]gp-Xp-IÄ [mcm-f-ap- v. \nb-a-\-S-]Sn {Ia-§-fn t]mepwhmZnsb AØ-{]-Ú-bm-¡p-¶, tIkp-IÄ \nc- -c-ambn \o«n-s¡m-p-t]m-Im³ ]äp¶Ht«td km[y-X-IÄ Hfn-ªp-cn-¸p-s¶v \nb-a-ÚÀXs¶ Nqn-¡m-«p-¶p.
ssewKn-Im-Xn-{I-a-§Ä DĸsS, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hscam{X-ambn _m[n-¡p¶ Ht«sd khntij-amb \nba {]iv\-§Ä ASn-b-´n-c-ambn
137
tIcf kaq-l-¯n ]cn-lmcw ImtW--Xm-bp-v. I½o-j³ {]hÀ -\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v PÌnkv hn. BÀ IrjvW-¿-cpsS BioÀÆm-Z-t¯msS PÌnkv sI. kpIp-am-c³, PÌn-kv jwkq-±o³, PÌnkv cma-N-{µ³, tIc-f-¯nse {]apJ A`n-`m-j-IÀF¶n-hsc DÄs¸-Sp¯n \S-¯nb \nba kw_-Ô-amb Hcp inev]-im-e-bnÂ\n¶pwDcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h¶ {][m\ \nÀt±-iw, Ah-Imi \nb-a-§Ä \ne-hn-ep-s-¦nepw Ah-sbm¶pw Ct¸mÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v e`y-am-hm¯ C¶s¯kml-N-cys¯ Hcp {]tXyI \b-a-\-S-]-Sn-bn-eqsS and-I-S-¡-W-sa-¶m-Wv. Imc-Ww, kz´w Bh-iy-§-sfbpw Ah-Im-i-§sfbpw kw_-Ô¨v [mc-W-bn-Ãm-bva, C{XbpwIme-am-bn, \oXn \ntj-[-¯n\v hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-t¡-n-h¶ Ah-Ø, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v kmaq-ly-amb ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-fp-sSbpw hnZ-Kv²-cp-sSbpw A`mhw\ne-\n-ev¡p¶ kml-Ncyw F¶nh ]cn-K-Wn¨v _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Äkhn-ti-j-ambn¯s¶ \nb-a-]-c-ambn A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNt¿--Xm-Wv. kmaq-ly-ambnGähpw \nÊm-lm-b-cmb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃ-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \oXnbpwAh-Im-ihpw \ntj-[n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v ]ng-Np-a-¯m-hp¶ Ipä-am-hp-¶-hn[w \nb-a-§Ä ]cn-jvI-cn- -h-X-cn-¸n-t¡-Xv tIcf kaq-ls¯ kw_-Ôn¨v F{Xbpw thKw \S-¸m-t¡Hcp \oXn-bpà \S-]-Sn-bm-Wv.
138
A²ymbw 11
\mj-W C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v Fw]vtfm-bvsa-âv Bâvs{Sbn\nwKv
(National Institute of Employment and Training)
hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ imco-cn-Ihpw _p²n-]-c-hp-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶
kaq-l-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v Ffp¸w ]cn-l-cn-¡m\m-hm¯ {]iv\taJ-e-I-fmWv
sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgn-epw. apJy-[mcm kaq-l-t¯m-sSm¸w tXmtfmSv tXmÄ
tNÀ¶v Pohn-¡m\pw, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-sa¶ e£yw k -eo-I-cn-¡m\pw Gähpw A\n-hm-cy-
amb cv kp{]-[m\ L«-§-fmbmWv Cu cv taJ-e-I-sfbpw B[p-\nI temIw ]
cnKWn¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv. sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgnepw tIhew km¼-¯nI kzm{i-b-Xz-
¯n Du¶n-\n-ev¡p¶ hnj-b-§Ä am{X-a-Ã. am\-hn-I-amb A -Êv, Bßm-`n-am-\w,
BcpsS ap¶nepw hnt[-b-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡pI XpS-§nb sshb-àn-I-þ-ssh-Im-cnI hnj-b-
§-sfm-s¡, a\p-jym-h-Im-i-¯n-sâbpw Xpey Ah-k-c-§-fp-tSbpw kmI-eyXm Pohn-X-
¯n-sâbpw (Inclusive Life) e£-W-§-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, sXmgn F¶ kwÚ-
bn DÅ-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, tIhew km¼-¯nI ]cn-t{]£yw am{X-a-Ã.
kl-Xm-]-¯n-sâbpw Imcp-Wy-¯n-sâ-bp-sa-Ãmw `mjm-{]-tbm-K-§Ä, C¶v hnI-
emwK ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS imkv{Xob kao]-\-§-fn-en-Ã. Xpey Ah-k-cw, Xpey
\oXn, Xpey ]¦m-fn-¯w, Xpey Ah-Imiwþ CXn Ipd-sªm¶pw B[p-\nI kaq-l-
¯n-\v, imco-cn-Ihpw _p²n-]-c-hp-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-tcmSv hmKvZm\w
sN¿m-\n-Ã. imkv{Xob kmaqly \nÀ½mW {]{In-b-bn C¶v apg-§n-t¡Ä¡p¶
i_vZw kmI-eym-[n-jvTnX ]p\-c-[n-hmkw (Inclusive Based Rehabilitation) F¶-Xm-Wv.
GXm-bmepw tIcf kaq-l-¯n-\v, imco-cn-I-ambpw _p²n-]-c-ambpw ]nt¶m¡w
\nev¡p¶ P\-hn-`m-K-§-tfm-Sv, ssk²m´n-I-amb Cu {]X-e- nÂ\nt¶ C\n-b-t§m«v
kwh-Zn-¡m-\m-hq.
sXmgn F¶Xv hyànsb kw_-Ôn¨v Ht«sd kzmX-{´y-§Ä hmKvZm\w
sN¿p-¶p-v. km¼-¯nI kzmX{´yw AXn-sem-¶p-am-{X-am-Wv. km¼-¯nI kzmX-
139
{´ys¯t¸mse-Xs¶ {][m-\-am-Wv, sXmgn-en-eqsS hyàn A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Bhn-jv¡mc
kzmX{´yw AYhm kÀ¤m-ßI kzmX-{´yw. sshbàn-I-amb A´-Êv, A`n-am\w
F¶nh Ch-sb-Ãm-ambn IqSn-t¨À¶p-Ip-S-¡p-¶p-v.
AwK-]-cnan-X-cmb hyàn-I-fpsS sXmgn ss\]p-Wnsb kw_-Ôn¨v kaqlw
sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯p¶ Gsd ap³hn-[n-I-fp-v. ap³hn-[n-I-sfm¶pw {Inbm-ß-I-ambn Pohn-X-
¯n\v Hcp kw`m-h-\bpw \evIp-¶n-söv am{X-a-Ã, Ht«sd tZmj-§Ä hcp¯n-sh-bv¡p-
Ibpw sN¿p-¶pv. \½psS kl-Po-hn-I-fm-b, shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ FÃm hn`mKw P\-
§fpw Gdntbm Ipd-tªm, sXmgnÂ]-c-amb hnj-b-¯nÂ,-km-aq-ly-amb Cu ap³hn-[n-
bpsS Cc-I-fm-Wv. at\m-`mh XS-Ê-§Ä (Attitudinal Barriers) BWv, imco-cn-I-amb ]cn-an-
Xn-I-fm-epÅ thZ-\-tb-¡mÄ Gsd Ak-l-\o-b-sa-¶v, A\p- -h-Ø-cmb ]ecpw Nq-
n¡m-«n-bn-«p-v.
a\p-jy³ C¶v A\p- -hn-¡p¶ FÃm ]cnan-XnIsfbpw AXn-Po-hn-¡p-hm-\pÅ
{]m]vXn kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy hmKvZm\w sN¿p-¶p-v. sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ taJ-e-bnepw
sXmgn-en-ep-sams¡ A\p- -hn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ {]bm-k-§Ä eLq-I-cn-¡m³ kmlm-b-I-c-
am-Ip¶ klmb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä hnI-kn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. AÔ-X-b-\p- -hn-¡p¶
hyàn¡v C¶v t]\-sb-Sp¯v Fgp-Xm-sX, I¼yq-«À tkm^väp-sh-b-dp-I-fpsS klm-b-
¯mÂ, i_vZ-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨v I¯p-I-f-b-bv¡m³ Ign-bp-¶p, teJ\ sagp-Xm³ ]äp-¶p.
i_vZhoNn-I-fpsS klm-b-t¯m-sS, ap¶n-ep-ff XS-Ê-§Ä Xncn- -dn-bm³ Ign-bp¶p.
A\-h-[n-bm-Wv, kmt¦-Xn-I-hnZy ap¶n Xpd-¶p-sh-bv¡p¶ Ah-k-c-§Ä.
\ne-hn e`y-amb kmt¦-XnI hnZym-`ymkap]-tbm-Kn-¨mÂ, C¶v sXmgn cln-X-
cm-bn-¡-gn-bp¶ hen-sbmcp hn`mKw AwK-]-cnan-XÀ¡pw tPmen \ÂIm³ \ap¡v Ign-
bpw. `mh\m ]qÀ®-amb Bkq-{X-W-hpw, imkv{Xo-b-amb kao-]-\hpw ka-\z-bn-
¸n¨m Cu taJ-e-bn AÛp-X-§Ä kw -hn-¡pw. ]t£, C¶pw, \½psS ap¶n-eqsS
A`ykvX hnZy-\mb AÔX _m[n¨ hyàn, sXmgn Is-¯m-\m-hm-sX, sXmgn-en-S-§-
fnse Ht«sd XS-Ê-§Ä AXn-Po-hn-¡m-\m-hm-sX, km¼-¯nI klmbw A`yÀ°n-¨p-
sImv PohnXw XÅn-\o-¡p-¶p-v.
140
_[n-c-cm-b, A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cpsS Imcyhpw A{X-ip- -I-c-a-Ã. kq£vamh-tem-
I\w \S-¯n-bm t_m[y-am-Ip-I, Hcp-]t£ Gähpw Kpcp-X-c-amb sXmgn {]iv\-a-\p-
-hn-¡p¶ hn`mKw _[n-c-cmb hyàn-I-fm-Wv F¶mWv.
t_m[-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nepw hnth-N\ tijn-bpsS Imcy-¯n-ep-sam¶pw {]iv\-§-
fn-Ãm¯ AÔ-cp-sSbpw _[n-c-cp-sSbpw sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§-fpsS ØnXn CXm-sW-¦nÂ,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Imcyw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw IqSpÂ
timN-\o-b-am-hpw. AXp-X-s¶-bmWv \ne-hnse bmYmÀ°y-hpw. bYmÀ°-¯nÂ,
_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcn 80 iX-am\w hyàn-IÄ¡pw ssIIm-ep-I-
fpsS {]hÀ -\-§Äs¡m¶pw bmsXmcp \yq\-X-bp-an-Ã. BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpw
A]-IS km[yX CÃm- -Xp-amb sXmgn-ep-I-fn {]th-in-¡p-¶-Xn\v ChÀ¡v XS-Ê-sam-
¶p-an-Ã. k¦oÀ®-amb kmt¦-Xn-IX Hcp-]-t£, ChÀ¡v sXmgn sN¿p-¶-Xn\v XS-Ê-
ambn amdn-tb-¡mw. F¶n-cp-¶m-epw, sXmgn-en-t\m-SpÅ {]Xn-]-¯n, BßmÀ°-X,
kpØn-cX F¶n-h-bn-seÃmw ChÀ km[m-c-W-¡m-cnÂ\n¶v Hcp-]Sn Db-sc-bm-sW-¶-
XmWv A\p- -hw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-\m-hp¶ H«-\-h[n
tPmenIÄ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw kz-Imcy taJ-e-bn-ep-ambn \½psS Npäp-ap- v. sNdnb
kmt¦-XnI CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ \S-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen-I-fpsS F®w
C\nbpw hÀ²n-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-am-Wv. GXm-bm-epw, sXmgnÂ]-c-amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk
km[y-X-IÄ hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp-¶pv F¶p-X-s¶-bmWv hkvXp-X.
hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ hnI-em-wK-\n-b-a-¯nsâ Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« BIÀj-Ww,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v IqSn, sXmgn kwh-cWw Dd-¸m-¡m³
t]mIp¶p F¶Xm-Wv. BZy-am-bmWv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-f-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶, _p²n-
am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, am\-knI tcmKw F¶nh _m[n-
-hÀ¡v C§s\ Hcp Ah-kcw e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£ Cu Ah-k-c-s¯, {Inbm-ß-I-
ambn {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ {]m]vXn, Cu hn`mKw C\nbpw BÀÖn-t¡--Xm-
bn«mWpÅXv. t_m[-]qÀÆhpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb {ia-¯n-eq-sS, Cusbmcp Akp-e`
Ah-k-cs¯ \ap¡v ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp-¯m-hp-¶-sX-bp-Åq. Cu Hcp ]Ým-
-ew, \s½, HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, tIcf kaq-l-¯nÂ, hnI-emw-K-cmb FÃm-h-scbpw ]cn-
141
K-Wn-¨p-sIm-v, Ah-cpsS sXmgn km[y-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\w, kmt¦-XnI CS-s]-S-s]-S-ep-
I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§-fpsS hÀ²-\, F¶o hnj-b-§-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn, Hcp
Kth-jW Øm]-\w, F{Xbpw thKw Bcw-`n-¡-W-sa-¶m-Wv. hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgn-
en\pw sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\pw am{X-ambn Hcp Kth-j-Wm-[n-jvTnX tZiob Øm]-\w.
Cu Hcp Øm]-\- n-eq-sS, hnI-emw-K-cmb hyàn-IÄ C¶v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶
sXmgnÂ]-c-amb FÃm {]iv\-§Ä¡pw ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hp¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-I-Ww.
BÀÖn-¨p-t\-Sn-btXm AsÃ-¦n kzm`m-hn-I-am-btXm Bb hnI-emw-K-cpsS
{]mKÂ`yhpw sXmgn-en-S-¯nse Bh-iy-I-Xbpw X½n-epÅ sNdnb Hcp hnS-hm-bn-
cn¡pw ]e-t¸m-gpw sXmgn-en-S- n \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xv. C -c-samcp XSÊw sNdn-sbmcp
]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eqsS amän-sb-Sp¡m-hp-¶-Xp-am-Wv. ]t£ B sNdn-sbmcp ]cn-io-e\
km[yX e`y-a-Ãm- -Xnsâ t]cn Fs¶-t¶-¡p-am-bn sXmgn sN¿m-\m-hm¯ Ah-
Ø, hnI-emw-Ksc kw_-Ôn¨v C¶v s]mXp-hm-bp-v. CXn\v ]cn-lm-c-am-bn, B[p-\nI
sXmgn cwK-§-sf-¡p-dn-s¨m-s¡, [mcW ]I-cm-\pw, C¯cw tPmen-IÄ sN¿m-\p-apÅ
{]KÂ`y-ap-m-¡m\pw km[m-cW sNbvXp-h-cp¶ ^n\n-jnwKv kvIqÄ kwhn-[m-\-w tIc-f-
¯n\v ]pd¯v ]e-Ø-e-§nepw hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v. Hcp \mj-W C³Ìn-
äyq«v sam¯w hnI-em-K-cpsS sXmgnepw sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-hp-sa¶ hnj-b-¯n am{X-
aq-¶n, tIc-f-¯n Øm]n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, AXnsâ KpW-^ew hen-sbmcp hn`mKw
P\-§-fpsS Pnhn-Xs¯ ^e-{]-Z-ambn amän-a-dn-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡pw.
tI{µ sXmgn hIp¸v a{´m-e-b-¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ, hnI-emwK hn`mK-
§Ä¡pÅ shmt¡-j-W s{Sbn-\nwKv skâÀ (VTC) C´y-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-v.
tIc-f- nse sXmgn hIp¸v C -c-¯n-semcp \mj-W C³Ìn-äyq«v Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xv
F´psImpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb Hcp ]ptcm-K-a\ \S-]-Sn-bmhpw F¶ Imcy-¯n kwi-
b-an-Ã.
- tIkv ÌUncXojv þ _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«nþ slao-¹o-Pn¡v skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn Bb
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-bm-Wv. P·-\m sshIeyw kw`-hn¨ Cu Ipªv IpSpw-_-¯n\pw kaq-l-¯n\pw ap³]n Hcp Xocm thZ-\-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AÑ-sâ-bpw, A½-bp-sSbpw aq¯ ]p{X-\m-b, IpSp-_-¯nsâ Xm§pw
142
XWepamtI Ipªnsâ Zb-\ob AhØ c£-IÀ¯m-¡sf aäp-Å-h-cnÂ\n¶pw Hä-s¸-Sp-¯nb PohnX kml-N-cy-¯n-te-¡mWv \bn- -Xv. Cu c£-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡v ]n¶oSv P\n¨ cp Ip«n-Ifpw (Hcm-Wpw, Hcp s]®pw) km[m-c-W-bmb Ipªp-§-fm-Wv. ]c-k-lm-b-an-ÃmsX bmsXm-cp-Im-cyhpw sN¿m³ Ign-hn-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ cXojnsâ PohnXw HmÀ¯v c£-mIÀ¯m-¡Ä
F¶pw hne-]n-¡pam-bn-cp-¶p. 7 hb-Êp-hsc Htc InS-¸n-em-bn-cp¶ Ipªn-\p-thn X§-fpsS k¼mZyw apgp-h³ sNe-h-gn¨v NnIn-Õn-¨p. 7 hbÊv Ign-ª-t¸m-gmWv Ip«n-bn amäw h¶p XpS-§n-b-Xv. P\-d kvIqÄ \gvk-dn-bnÂIp«nsb tNÀ¯p F¦nepw aäv Ip«n-I-fpsS ]cn-lm-khpw D]-{Z-hhpw ImcWwkvIqfn t]mIm³ Ign-bmsX hcn-Ibpw ]n¶oSv 1991  Xncp-h-\- -]pc¯v Hcpkvs]jy kvIpfn tNÀ¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Znh-khpw cmhnse Ip«nsbkvIqfn sImphn-Sp-Ibpw sshIp-t¶cw XncnsI ho«n sImpt]m-Ip-IbpwsN¿p-¶Xv aäp-Å-hÀ ]cn-lm-k-ambn ImWp-Ibpw s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-¶p. FÃmw kln¨pw XcWw sNbvXpw Ip«nsb kvIqfn sIm-p-t]m-Ip-IbpwA²ym-]-I-cpsS \nÀt±ia-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sImvIp«n-bn kmc-amb amä-§-Ä h¶p XpS-§n. kvIqfn Ønc-ambn Ip«nbv¡v^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n-bpw, kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n-bpw, kvs]jy FUyp-t¡-j\pw\ÂIn-b-Xnsâ ^e-ambn cXo-jn\v \S-¡p-hm-\pw, \¶mbn kwkm-cn-¡p-hm-\pw,AXym-hiyw th ae-bm-fw, IW-¡v, F¶nh ]Tn-¡m\pw Ign-ªp. slao-¹o-PnIv skdn-{_ ]mÄkn DÅ Ip«n-bm-b-Xn-\m Fgp-Xm³ {]bm-k-am-Wv.A£cw hyà-am-In-Ã. F¦n IqSn cXojv FÃm Imcy-§fpw \¶mbn ]d-bp-hm\pw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw ]Tn-¨p. kvIqfn sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w t\Snb cXo-jn\v{]n³kn-¸m-fpw addpPoh-\-¡m-cpw tNÀ¶v B¡p-f- pÅ “\njn”ÂKmÀU-\mbn Hcp tPmen icn-bm¡n sIm-Sp-¯p. Znh-khpw cXo-jn\v X\nsbt]mbn hcm³ km[n-¡ptam F¶v c£-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡pw A²ym-]-IÀ¡pw \Ãkwi-b-ap-m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw cXo-jn-sâbpw c£-IÀ¯m-hnâbpw Bßss[cywsImv cXo-jn\v Xsâ DZyaw hnP-b- n-se-¯n-¡m³ km[n-¨p. \nÀ`m-Kysa-¶p-]-d-bs«, Cu tPmen e`n¨p F¶-dn-ª-t¸m-gmWv cXo-jnsâ ]nXm-hnsâ BI-kvan-I-am-bpÅ acWw kw`-hn-¨-Xpw. IpSpw-_-\m-Ysâ thÀ]m-Sn-\m hcp-am\w \ne-bv¡p-Ibpw A\m-Y-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX Ah-Ø-bn cXo-jn\vkvIqÄ A[n-Ir-XÀ Xc-s¸-Sp-¯nb tPmenbv¡v hnSW-sa¶v Xs¶ A½bpw_Ôp-¡fpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¯p.
Xsâ aq¯ aI-\mb cXo-jns\ sImv IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Npa-Xe \nd-th-äm³Ign-bp-sa¶v B A½ Hcp-¡epw Nn´n-¨n-Ã. F¶m BÀ¡pw hnizm-kn-¡m³Ign-bm¯ hn[w cXojv B IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Xm§pw, XW-ep-ambn amdn-¡-gn-
ªp. ‘\njv’ A[n-Im-cn-IÄ cXo-jnsâ tPmen-tbm-SpÅ BßmÀ°-X-bpw, D -c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw a\-Ên-em¡n KmÀU³ + ]yq¬ Bbn tPmen-bn ]p\À\n-b-
a\w \S-¯n. ‘\njv’ A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n km[m-cW ]uc-s\-¡mfpw hr¯n-tbm-Spw, shSn-t¸m-Spw, D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯mSpw BWv cXojvtPmen sN¿p-¶Xv F¶mWv. cXo-jnsâ IqSn {ia- -e-ambn Ipªp-s]-§-fpsShnhmlw \S-¯n-¡m³ Ign-ªp. hnhm-l-¯n\v thn cXojvXm³ tPmen sNbvXv kzcq-]n¨ XpI-bpw, ]en-i-bvs¡-Sp- -]-W-hp-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xv. AXp-am-{X-aà ]en-i-bvs¡-Sp¯ ]W-¯n\v ]en-i-b-S-bv¡m³Ct¸mgpw FÃm amkhpw apS-§msX 2000 cq] hoXw cXojv A½sb G¸n-¡m-dp-v. IqSmsX Xma-kn-¡p¶ hoSnsâ hmS-Ibv¡pw Znh-k-sN-e-hn-\p-ambnHcp hnlnXw \ÂIp-Ibpw _m¡n XpI cXo-jnsâ Znh-tk-\-bpÅ bm{Xm
143
sNe-hn-\p-am-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. bmsXmcp kzm`mh Zqjyhpw CÃm¯
cXo-jn-s\-¡p-dn¨v ‘\njv’A[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡pw kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw, cXo-jnsâ _Ôp-¡Ä¡pw, \m«p-ImÀ¡pw \à aXn-¸m-Wv. cXo-jns\ hnI-emw-K-\mb Ip«n-bm-bpw, \mSn\pw, hoSn\pw bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-Ãm¯h\m-sW¶pw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-hÀ¡v cXo-jnsâ amäw Hcn-¡epw hniz-k-\o-b-a-Ãm¯
hn[w hfÀ¶ncn-¡p-¶p. icnbmw hn[w {]XyI hnZym`ym-khp-w, sXmgne-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ym-khpw \ÂIn-bm _p²n sshIeyw kw`-hn¨ Ip«n-I-sfbpw \mSn-\pw, hoSn\pw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amIpw hn[w amän-sb-Sp-¡m³ km[n-¡p-sa¶v cXo-jnsâ PohnXw \s½ ]Tn-¸n-bv¡p-¶p.
144
A²ym-bw-þ12 F³tUmkÄ^m³ _m[n-X-ta-J-e-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw
(Endosulphan Affected Area and
Intellectually Challenged)
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ IoS-\m-in\n _m[nX {]tZ-i¯v DÄs -Sp¶
ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bn I½o-j³ Hcp {]tXyI knänwKv \S-¯p-I-bp-m-bn.
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bmbn {]Jym]n¨ ]Xn-s\m¶v ]©m-b-¯p-I-
fn \n¶pw, kao-]-{]-tZ-i-§-fn \n¶pw FÃmw hen-sbmcp hn`mKw P\-§Ä
knänw-Kn ]s¦-Sp¯v hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ tcJ-IÄ kaÀ¸n-¨p. sam{Km ]
p¯qÀ ]©m-b- p-I-fn am{X-ambn Hcp knänwKpw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. Chn-Sps¯
{]iv\ _m[nX P\-§-fp-ambn kmaqly þ cmjv{Sob, kmwkvIm-cnI {]hÀ -I-cp-
am-sbÃmw hn]p-e-amb tXmXn-epÅ NÀ¨-IÄ \S-¯m\pw hnh-c-§Ä Bcm-bm\pw
km[n-¨p. cv Znh-ks¯ {]tXyI ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fmWv I½o-j³ {]hÀ -\-
§Ä¡mbn ImkÀtImUv kwL-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. Akm-[m-c-W-amb hn[-¯nÂ
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[n-X-cpsS {]iv\§Ä kPo-h-ambn Gsä-Sp¯v, hfsc
Kuc-h-t¯m-sS-bmWv kmaq-lyþ cmjv{So-b, kmwkvIm-cnI DtZym-KØ hn`m-K-
§Ä Cu hnj-b-¯n DÄs -«p-h-cp-¶-Xv.
ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bn s]mXpsh Akm-[m-c-W-amb hn[-¯n _p²n-]-c-
amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpÄs¸-sS-bpÅ hnI-emw-K-cpsS km¶n-[y-ap-s¶p
Xs¶-bmWv hne-bn-cp-¯Â. Cu kml-N-cy¯n\v Hcp {][m\ ImcWw F³tUm-
kÄ^m³ IoS-\m-in-\n-bpsS hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-amb D]-tbm-K-am-sW¶pw ]T-\-§Ä
sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p-v. ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bn-epÅ ¹mtâ-j³ tImÀ¸-td-jsâ Iip-h-n-
145
t¯m-«- n-emWv BIm-i-¯p-\n¶pw slen-tIm-]väÀ D]-tbm-Kn¨v F³tUm-
kÄ^m³ F¶ IoS-\m-in\n {]tbm-K-ap-m-b-Xv. ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bnse hym]-I-
amb \nc-¡n-epÅ hnI-emw-K-cpsS khn-tij km¶n-[y-¯n\v \nZm-\-am-bn,
asämcp Imc-Whpw {]Xy-£-¯n Nqn-Im-Wn-¡m-\n-Ã.
ImkÀtImUv PnÃ, tIc-f-¯nse s]mXpkm-aqly hyh-Ø-bn \n¶pw hyXy-
Ø-ambn Ht«sd ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ Hcp PnÃ-bm-Wv. tIc-f- nsâ
`c-Wkncm tI{µ-¯n \n¶v Gsd AI¶p \n¡p¶ Cu PnÃ- Hcp ]t£ C
´y-bn Xs¶ Gsd `mjm sshh-[y-apÅ P\-§Ä H¶n¨p Xma-kn-¡p¶
{]tZiw IqSn-bm-Wv. hnhn[ `mj-IÄ kwkm-cn-¡p¶ hyXyØ P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä ,
PmXn þ aX, kwkvImc sshPm-Xy-§-sfms¡¯s¶, asämcp hn[-¯nÂ
kmaqly hn\n-a-b-¯n\v XS-Ê-§-fp-ap-m-¡p-¶p. s]mXpP-\m-tcmKy {]hÀ -I-
scms¡ k½-Xn-¡p¶ Hcp Imcyw `mjm sshhn-[y-§Ä BtcmKy t_m[-h¡-
c-W-§Ä¡p-t]mepw {]bm-k-§Ä Dm-¡n-bn-«p-s-¶m-Wv. s]mXpsh _p²n-]-chpw
imco-cn-Ihpw amb sshI-eym-h-Øsb kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Ah-t_m[w {]tbW
Ipd-hpÅ Hcp P\-X-bmWv ImkÀtIms« DÄ{Km-a-§-fn DÅ-Xv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä t\cs¯ Is-
¯m-\p-X-Ip¶ Xc¯nepÅ ]Ým¯ kuI-cy-§Ä Gsd Ipdª {]tZ-iw.
Ct¸mgpw DÄ{K-a-§-fn-sems¡ kwØm-\-¯nsâ aäv `mK-§-sf-¡mÄ IqSp-X-
embn AÔ-hn-izm-k-§fpw A\m-Nm-c-§-fp-sams¡, akvXnjvI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS icn-bmb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v XS-Ê-sa-t¶mWw
kaq-l-¯n \ne-\n¡p-¶p-v. ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb t_m[-h¡-cW-¯nsâ
A\n-hm-cyX t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kml-N-cy-amWv \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xv. {Kmao-W-X-e-
¯n {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ Btcm-Ky-{]-hÀ -IÀ¡pw, sF. kn. Un. Fkv, IpSpw-
_{io Xe-¯n-ep-sams¡, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-
¨pÅ ]pc-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ imkv{Xo-b-amb Adnhv ]
IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xv, Gsd ^e-{]-Z-am-Ipw.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃn-hn-fn-I-fp-Å-hÀ¡v thn _Uvkv kvIqfp-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw,
kzImcy kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-¯nse Fkv.-F-
kv.F, sF. C. Un kvIoan-eq-sS-bp-sa-Ãmw, khn-tij hnZym-`ymkw ]IÀ¶p
146
\ÂIm-\pÅ {iaw \S-¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw, Ah-sb-Ãmw, hnhn[ Imc-W-§-fmÂ, Imcy-
£-a-amb coXn-bn-eà \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv. F¦nÂt¸mepw A¯cw DZy-a-§Ä A`n-\-
µn-¡-s¸-tS--Xp-v.
ImkÀtImUv PnÃbn \n¶pw In«nb tcJ-I-fn IqSp-X-embpw kqNn-¸n-¨n-cn-
¡p¶ {][m\ Bh-iy-§Ä, F³tUm-kÄ^m³ klm-b-]-²-Xn-bnÂ, IqSp-XÂ
IpSpw-_-§sf DÄs¸Sp-¯p-I, \ne-hn F³tUmkÄ^m³ klm-b-en-ÌnÂ
hcm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-hsc ]©m-b¯v AXnÀ¯n-bpsS kmt¦-XnI Imc-W-§Ä ]
dªv, klmbw \ÂIm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv XS-bp-I, k¼qÀ® ]p\-c-[n-hmk ]mt¡Pv
PnÃbv¡v apgp-h³ _m[-I-am-Ip¶ Xc-¯n Bkq-{XWw sN¿p-I. a\p-jym-h-
Imi I½o-j³ F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[n-XÀ¡v \ÂI-W-sa¶p ]dª 5 e£w
cq] s]s«¶v \ÂIp-I, kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ {]Jym-]n¨ hnlnXw DS³ \ÂIp-
I. NnInÕm þ ]cn-io-e\ klm-b-§Ä IqSp-X t]À¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ kml-
Ncyw krjvSn-¡p-I. \nehn-epÅ NnInÕm þ ]cn-io-e\ ]²Xn-IÄ IqSp-XÂ
^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-¸m-¡pI XpS-§n-b-h-bm-Wv.
Imk-À-tImUv PnÃ-bnÂ, F³tUm-kÄ^m³ taJ-e-bmb 11 ]©m-b-¯p-Isf
am{X-ambn B\p-Iqeyw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ bpàn, tIhew
kmt¦-XnIw am{X-am-sW¶v, a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åp. ]t£ F³tUm-
kÄ^m³ {]iv\-¯n\v Kuchamb hnhn[ am\-§-fp-v. CsXmcp ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡-
s¸« Zpc-´-amWv F¶-XmWv {][m-\-s¸« Imcyw. \nÊ-lm-b-cmb Zcn-{Z-P-\-hn-`m-K-
§-fpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ, IqSp-XÂ em`w {]Xo-£n¨v, hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-ambn BIm-i-
¯p-\n¶pw IoS-\m-in\n Xfn-¡p-¶-Xnse a\p-j-Xz-hncp-²-amb \S-]-Snbv¡v Hcp
\ymbo-I-c-Whpw BÀ¡pw \ÂIm-\m-hnÃ. AXp-sImv Xs¶, D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-s¸«
DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS XÂ]-cy-{]-Im-cw C -c-¯n-epÅ `c-W-IqS Zpc´w ASn-t¨Â¸n-
-Xn\v ]cn-lmcw \ÂIm³ kÀ¡mÀ _m[y-Ø-cm-Wv. ]s£ Cu sISpXn GsX-
¦nepw km¼-¯nI klmbw \ÂIn kam-iz-kn-¸n-¡m-hp¶ H¶Ã F¶-XmWv
bmYmÀ°yw. \ne-\n¡p¶ Zpc- -§-fpsS `oIc apJw, hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m³
t]mepw Ign-bm-¯{X `oXn-P-\-I-am-Wv. ]t£, P\n-XI Zpc- -ambn AsX{X Xe-
ap-d-bn-te¡v, ]IÀ¶p-\ÂIpw F¶Xv Nn´n-¡m-\m-hp¶Xn-\p-a-¸p-ds¯, {]h-Nn-
¡m-\m-hm¯ hn[-¯n-epÅ s]mÅp¶ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXpsImv Xs¶, IpSpw-
147
_-§sf Biz-kn-¸n-¡m³ \ÂIp¶, km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sSm¸w FÃm-hn[
NnIn-Õ-Ifpw ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§fpw kuP-\y-ambn \ÂIp-¶p-sh¶v Dd-
¸p-h-cp-t --Xp-v. NnIn-Õbpw, ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§fpw H¶n¨p apt¶m-«p-
sImpt]m-Im-\pÅ ]Ým- -e-ku-I-cy-§Ä Xma-kn-bmsX \S¸m-t¡--XmWv.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-sc kw_-Ôn¨v t\cs¯ Is- -epw, t\c-
s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-Sepw hfsc kp{]-[m-\-amb hnj-b-§-fm-Wv. CXn\v
klm-b-I-c-am-Ip¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ kwhn-[m-\-am-Wv, ImkÀtIm-«v ASp¯ hÀjw
{]hÀ¯\w Bc-w-`n-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ kn.-F-¨v. apl-½Zv tImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«v
t^mÀ saâen Ne-©n-Unsâ taJem tI{µw. Cu taJem tI{µ-¯nÂ, Cu
dnt¸mÀ«nsâ `mK-ambn \ÂIp¶ ip]mÀi-bnÂ, GsXms¡ hn[-¯n-epÅ kuI-
cy-§-fmWv th-sX¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-v. GXm-bmepw akvXnjv¡ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp¶ _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«nkw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw, ssiih
at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§nb {]iv\-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hcpsS ]p\-c-
[n-hm-k-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§fpw sXmgn ]c-amb ]p\-c-[n-hm-
k-¯n-\pÅ amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp¶ tI{µ-hp-ambn C¯cw taJem tI{µ-
§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp- -W-sa-¶Xv, {][m\ ip]mÀi-bm-Wv, Cu taJem tI{µ-¯nsâ
{]hÀ -\-§-fn-eqsS, D -c-tI-c-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-
h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v \ne-\nev¡p A]-cym-]vX-X-IÄ ]cn-l-cn-
¡m³ Ign-bpw. AtXm-sSm¸w Xs¶,ta-Jem tI{µ-¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ, FÃm
hn[ B[p-\n-I imkv{X kmt¦-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw ]n´p-W-tbm-sS, hen-sbmcp
hn`mKw hcp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS s]mXpk-aq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-
bn-tebv¡v DbÀ¯n, cmjv{S ]p\À\nÀ½m-W-¯n kw`m-h-\-IÄ \ÂIm³ Ign-
bp¶ ]uc·m-cmbn hnI-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw.
sam{Km ]p¯qÀ ]©m-b-¯n sh¨v \S¶ I½o-j³ knänw-Kn Ht«sd
hnhn[ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ ]s¦-Sp-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. s]mXpsh
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX ]©m-b- p-I-fn-se-¶-t]mse, shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-
Jo-I-cn-¡p¶-hcpsS km{µX Chn-sSbpw hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. hnj-en-]vX-amb
IoS-\m-in\n {]tbm-K-§fpsS Cc-IÄ Xs¶-bmWv Cu ]©m-b- nse
hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ tcmK-§fpw, sshI-ey-§fpw t\cn-Sp¶ P\-§-fpw. kmt¦-
148
Xn-I-amb `uanI AXnÀ¯n-bn ]cn-an-X-s -Sp¶ Hcp {]iv\-amWv ImkÀtImUv
PnÃ-bnse F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]iv\-sa¶v hne-bn-cp-¯m-³ Ign-bn-Ã. AsÃ-¦n-
epw, ]mcnØn-Xn-I-amb aäv Ht«sd {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-§Ä \ne-\n¡p¶ kaq-
l-¯nÂ, GXv hn[-¯n-em-Wv, akvXn-jvI-tIm-i-§sf Hmtcm {]iv\-§fpw _m[n-
¡p-¶-sX¶v XoÀ¸v Iev n-¡m-\pÅ Adnhv imkv{X-temIw BÀÖn-¨n«p-an-Ã.
AXp-sImv Xs¶ `uam-XnÀ¯nbpsS GsX-¦nepw kmt¦-XnI imTy-§Ä sImv ,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃphn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kmaqly þ km¼-¯nI ]n
´pW ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cn-¡m-\pw, Cu cwK¯v, hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]-\-§Ä
Dm-hm-Xn-cn-bv¡m\pw DÅ Pm{K-Xbpw D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-s¸-«-hÀ¡v D-mth--XmWv . ]
nt¶m¡w \n¡p¶ ImkÀtImUv PnÃsb sam¯¯n ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv,
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Hmtcm hyàn-IÄ¡pw {]Jym-]n-¨n-cn-
¡p¶ km¼-¯nI klmbw Dd-¸p-\ÂIp-¶-tXm-sSm¸w, Hmtcm-cp- -scbpw kmaq-
lyambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]Ým-¯e kuIcy-§fpw Dd-¸p-\ÂtI- -Xm-
Wv.
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-ebpw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw þip-]mÀi-IÄ
F³tUmkÄ^m³ {]tZ-iw DÄs¸-Sp¶ ImkÀtImSv PnÃ-bn kn.-F-¨v.-ap-
l-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ taJem tI{µw F{Xbpw
s]s«¶v Bcw-`n-¡pI.
F³tUmkÄ^m³ _m[nX {]tZ-i-§-fnse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡p-thn sXm-gn-e[n-jvTnX tImgvkp-I-fpw, kwc-£nX sXm-
gnenS§fpw Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sXmgne-h-k-c-§Ä I- p-¶-Xn\v {]tXyI
kwhn-[m\w Dm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.
FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnKÀ`n-Wn-I-fm-Im³ t]mIp¶ FÃm
kv{XoIÄ¡pw P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \nÀ_-Ô-am-¡-Ww.
FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bn P\n-¡p¶ FÃm inip-¡-sfbpw
_p²n-ssh-I-eyhpw aäv {]iv\-§fpw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ FÃm Xcw
sSÌp-IÄ¡pw hnt[-b-am-¡p-I.
149
Xo{h _p²n sshIeyw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-thn imkv{Xobamb coXn-
bo tlmw _uv t{]mw{Kmw \S-¸n-em-¡-Ww.
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i¯v km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sSm¸w XpS§n
aäp Xc-¯n-epÅ klm-b-§fpw e`y-am-¡-Ww. (klmb D]-I-c-W-§Ä,
NnIn-Õ, acp-¶p-IÄ sshZy-k-lmbw XpS-§nbh)
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX {]tZ-i-s¯ tZiob Zpc´ taJ-e-bmbn ]cn-K-
Wn¨v _p²n- ]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v FÃm klm-b-§fpw
A\p-h-Zn-¡p-I.
F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i-§-fn XpSÀ¨-bmb t_m[-h¡-cW ]cn-]m-
Sn-IÄ kwLSn-¸n-¡-Ww.
F³tUmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bn km¼-¯nI klm-b-§Ä \ÂIp-
t¼mÄ
AXv icn-bmbn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
150
A²ym-bw-þ13
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-kw þ B[p-\nI temIm\p- -h-
§-fpw C´y-\-h-Øbpw( Rehabilitation of Persons with Intellectual Challenges – Modern
Global Experiences and Indian Context)
tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-ks¯
kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ ]T-\-¯nsâ `m-K-am-bn, temI-¯nse hnhn[ cmPy-§-fn Cu taJe-
bn \S-¶p-h-cp¶ {]hÀ -\-§Ä I½o-j³ At\z-jn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. AtXm-sSm¸w
Xs¶, C´y-bn aäp kwØm-\-§-fnse AhØbpw ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v hnt[-b-am-¡n.
C´y-bn Cu cwK¯v {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ hnZ-Kv²-cmb hyàn-IÄ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p-¶-
Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb Isd \nÀt±-i-§Ä \evIn klm-bn-¨p. temI-¯m-sI, shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS imkv{Xob ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v amÀ¤-\nÀt±i tcJ-
bmbn C¶v hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv, hnI-emw-K-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ sFIy-
cmjv{S k -bpsS tcJ-bm-Wv (UNCRPD). B[p-\nI Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]Ým- -e-¯nÂ
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-bp-tSbpw IpSpw-_-¯n-sâbpw {]iv\-§Ä kq£va-ambn
]cn-tim-[n-¨mWv sFIy-cm-jv{S-k` C -c-samcp Ah-Im-i-tcJ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-
Xv. sFIy-cm-jv{S-k`bpsS hnI-emwK Ah-Imi tcJ A£-cmÀ°-¯n \S-¸n hcp-
¯m³ C´ybpw C¶v _m[y-Ø-am-Wv.
hnI-emw-K-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ sFIy-cm-jv{S-k- m-tc-J-bpsS
Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-¨m-Wv, C\nbpw ]mÀesaâv ]mÊm-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ 'hnI-em-K-\n-baw 2012' sâ
{Um^väv X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu \nb-a-¯nsâ {Um^vänÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-
151
fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Gsd-¡psd FÃm hnj-b-
§fpw ]cn-K-W-\bv¡v h¶n-«p-v.
sFIy-cmjv{S k -bp-sS-Xs¶ ap³{]-Jym-]-\-§-fmb '_nhmt¡m antÃ-\nbw
t{^whÀ¡'v, 'kÂam³I {]Jym-]\w' XpS-§n-b-h-bn ]cm-aÀin-¡-s¸« ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf-
t¸mepw AXn-Po-hn-¨p-sIm-pÅ IqSp-XÂ ka-{K-amb Hcp {]Jym-]-\-sa-¶-\n-e-bv¡m-Wv,
temI cmjv{S-§Ä bp.-F³.-kn.-BÀ.-]n.-Un.-sb ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv. B[p-\nIh¡-cn-
¡-s¸« Hcp kaq-ls¯ kw_-Ôn-¨v, hnI-emwK kaq-l-¯nsâ Ah-Im-i-§Ä F{X-bp-
ws]-s«-¶p-Xs¶ A\p-h-Zn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯v, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v Ahsc IqSn
I®n-tNÀ¡pI F¶-Xv, Ah-Im-im-[n-jvTnX `c-W-L-S\m _m[y-X-bm-bmWv Icp-Xp-¶-Xv.
hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fnÂXs¶ {]tXyI {i²bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw Bh-iy-apÅ hn`m-K-
sa¶ \ne-bv¡v, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]cn-c-£-sb-¶-Xv, ]c-a-
{]-[m\ hnj-b-ambn temI-cm-Py-§-sfÃmw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-h-cp-¶p-v.
I½o-j³ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-am-bn, hnhn-[-cm-Py-§-fnse Cu taJ-
e-bn-epÅ A\p- -h-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Bcm-b-en\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn, ate-jy, ku¯v tImdn-
b, P¸m³, bp.-F-kv. F., CwKvf-v, PÀ½\n F¶o-cm-Py-§-fn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä hni-Zo-I-cn-¨p-sIm-pÅ adp-]-Sn-IÄ
e`y-am-bn. C¡m-cy-¯n FÃm cmPy-§fpw ]n´p-SÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv, sFIy-cm-jv{S-k- -bpsS
\nÀt±-i-§Ä¡-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk \S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-fm-Wv. FÃm cmPy-§-fnepw
hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fnÂX-s¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-
§Ä¡v Gsd {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶p-v. Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-kþ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§-fn ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb
Ht«sd amXr-I-IÄ ImWm-\m-Ipw. t\cs¯ Is¯n t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-S-
ep-IÄ \njvIÀj--tbm-sS -\-S- p¶ Xc-¯n "]_vfn-¡v' tem IÀ¡-i-ambn \S-¸m-¡p-
¶p-v. ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-am-bmWv FÃm Ah-Im-i-§fpw shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v
{]tXy-In¨pw _p²n]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
khn-tij hnZym-`ymk tI{µ-§-fn (Special Education Centres) _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kuP-\y-am-bmWv ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ]qÀ®-
amb ]¦m-fn¯w ]cn-io-e\ {]hÀ -\-§-fn \njvIÀjn-¡p-¶p- v. AtXm-sSm¸w
152
Xs¶, k¼qÀ®-amb tcJ-IÄ Hmtcm ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-¡pw- \nÀº-Ô-hp-am-Wv. ]
T-\-]-c-amb ]cn-tim-[-\, ]mTy-{Iaw X¿m-dm-¡Â, hyàym-[n-jvTnX ]cn-io-e\ ]²Xn
X¿m-d-¡Â F¶o taJ-e-I--sfÃmw D -c-hm-Z-s -«-hÀ \nb-a-]-c-ambn sNt¿ _m[y-X-
bmbmWv kÀ¡mÀ ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. bp.-F-kv-  Ccp-]-s¯m¶v hb-Ên\v tijw
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-
Xn\v hn]p-e-amb \nba ]n´pW \ne-hn-ep-v. arXp-þ-anX shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc,
AhÀ¡v sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen-IÄ kao] {]tZ-i-§-fn e`y-am-sW-¦nÂ, C¯cw hyàn-
IÄ¡v tPmen \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v ap³K-W\ \ÂI-W-sa¶v ']»nIv tem BIvSv' A\p-im-
kn-¡p-¶p. Xo{h-þ-Xo£vW _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-hsc dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ tI{µ-§-fn ]qÀ®-
ambpw kuP-\y-ambn Xma-kn-¸n¨v Bh-iy-amb tkh-\-§Ä Dd-¸p-h-cp- -W-sa¶Xv
\nb-a-]-c-amb \n_-Ô-\-bm-Wv.
ate-jy, ku¯vsIm-dn-b, P¸m³, F¶o cmPy-§-fnse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ tkh\w Gsd sa -s¸-«-Xm-Wv. {]iv\w t\cs¯ Is- n, hnZ-
Kv²-cpsS CSs]-S Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\v, Cu cmPy-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ IWn-iX khn-
tij {i²-bm-IÀjn-¡p-¶p. GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ sshIeyw t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-N-
cn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡-pI-bpw sN¿p¶ Imcy-¯n Btcm-Ky-h-Ip¸v ImWn-¡p¶
D -c-hm-ZnXzw Akm-[-c-W-am-Wv. c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, C¯cw Ip«n-IÄ, kz´-
ambn Hcp _m[y-X-bmbn A\p- -h-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m-\p-ff kq£va-Xbpw {i²bpw Cu
cmPy-§Ä henb D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶p. Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy-\m-Sp-If-nepw
ate-jy, ku¯v sImdn-b, P¸m³ F¶o cmPy-§-fpw shÃp-hn-fnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡p th-
n {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ ]cn-io-e-IÀ¡pw A[ym-]-IÀ¡pw \à \ne-bn-epÅ kmaq-ly-]-cn-K-
W\ \ÂIm³, _ -{i-²-cm-Wv. C´y-bnÂ\n-¶pÅ Ht«sd hnZ-Kv²À DbÀ¶ i¼-
fhpw aäv B\q-Iq-ey-§fpw {]Xo-£n¨v Cu cmPy-§-fn-te¡v tPmen-tXSn t]mbn-t¡m-n-cn-
¡p-¶p.
CwKvf-nse kml-Ncyw Iptd-¡qSn sa -s -«-Xm-Wv. kmaq-ly-amb FÃm kpc-£n-
X-Xzhpw shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-§Ä¡pw \evIm³, AXoh
Pm{KX ]peÀ¯p¶p Cu cmPyw. C¯cw shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-Isf {]tXy-In-
¨v, _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp¶hsc, Ah-cpsS IqSp-XÂ Zpcn-X-]qÀ®-amb
153
Ah-Øsb ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, Ah-cpsS cmjv{S kz¯m-bm-Wv, ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-
¡-fm-cpw-X-s¶, C¯cw Hcp Ipªp-]n-d¶p F¶-Xp-sIm-v, `uXn-I-amb Fs´-¦nepw ]
cn-an-Xn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡-cpXv F¶ \njvIÀjbv¡v bp.-sI. IqSp-X Du¶Â
\ÂIp-¶p-v. c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS IÀ½-ti-jn-bnÂ, C -c-samcp Ipªnsâ P\\w sImv
GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯n Ipd-hp-kw- -hn-¡-cp-sX¶ IWn-kX, tÌäv sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯p-
Ibpw Ipªp-§Ä¡m-h-iy-amb FÃm-hn[ BtcmKy hnZym-`ymk kuI-cy-§-fpw-
kÀ¡mÀ Dd-¸p-\ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. kmaqly kpc-£n-X-Xz-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nepw
amXr-Im-]-c-amb kao-]-\-amWv t]mXpsh FÃm cmPy-§fpw ]men-¨p-t]m-cp-¶Xv. Hcp
km[m-cW Ipªn-sâ c£n-Xm-hn-ep-]cn Fs´-¦nepw {]bmk-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶pthm
F¶ At\z-j-W¯n\v CwKvf-nse Z¼-Xn-I-fpsS adp]Sn, cmPy¯v R§-fpsS Ipªv ]
qÀ® kpc-£n-XbmWv F¶pw, Hcp hn[-¯n-epÅ kmaq-lyhpw km¼-¯n-I-hp-amb
k½À±-§Ä A\p- -h-s -«n-«n-sÃ-¶pw, Hcp kvs]jy Ipªnsâ c£n-Xmhv F¶ \ne-
bn kmaq-ly-ambn A[nI ]cn-K-W-\bpw _lp-a-Xnbpw e`y-am-Ip¶p F¶pamWv ]d-
ª-Xv. C¯cw Ipªp-§-fpsS P\\w sImp-m-Ip-¶, am\-knI kwLÀj-§-f\p- -hn-¡p-
¶-hsc, kmaqly kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸p-\-evIp-¶-Xn-eq-sS, F§s\ kwXr-]vX-amb Pohn-
X-¯n-te¡v DbÀ¯mw F¶-Xnsâ DZm¯ amXr-I-I-fmWv, ]e hntZ-i-cm-Py-§-fn-sebpw
A\p-`hw ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp-¶-Xv.
C´y-bn aäv kwØm-\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, alm-cm-jv{S, BÊmw, Nne hS¡p-In-
g-¡³ kwØm-\-§Ä, UÂln, tKmh, F¶n-hn-S-§-fn-sem-s¡, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-
IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n-\mbn \à \ne-bn _UvPäv hnlnXw A\p-h-
Zn-¡p-¶p-v. aäv hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fmb AÔÀ, _[n-cÀ, Ne\ sshI-ey-ap-Å-hÀ
XpS§nb-hÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh-\-§-sfm-s¡, hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\pw ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-
¯n\pw Dĸ-sS, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw e`yam-Ip-¶p- v. alm-cm-
jv{S-bnepw BÊm-an-ep-sam-s¡, kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v \à \ne-bn-epÅ
tkh-\-þ-th-X\ hyh-Ø-bm-Wp-Å-Xv. tIc-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-amµyw kw -hn- -h-cpsS
kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W- n-emWv {]hÀ¯n-¨p-
h-cp-¶-Xv. kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ¡pÅ cPn-kvt{S-j³ \ÂIp-¶Xv, s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk
hIp-¸m-Wv. hÀjw-tXmdpw tI{µ kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯nÂ\n¶pw 54 kvIqfp-
154
IÄ¡v {Kâv e`y-am-Ip-¶p. 275 kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-IrX kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn tI{µ
{Kmâv e`y-am-Ip¶ 54 kvIqfp-IÄ Hgn¨v _m¡n-h-cp¶ kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄs¡Ãmw-
IqSn hmÀjnI {Kmâp-Xp-I-bmb 10 tImSn cq] Ip«n-I-fp-tSbpw Poh-\-¡m-cp-tSbpw
AwK-kwJy A\p-k-cn¨v hoXn-¨p-\evIp-¶p.
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnse
hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Hcp kwhn-
[m-\hpw C¶v \ne-hn-en-Ã. Hcp GIo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xntbm AwKo-IrX ]mTy {Iatam e`y-
a-Ã. s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ Iogn-epÅ 'tÌäv Iu¬kn t^mÀ FUyq-t¡-j³
Bâv dotkÀ¨v' (SCERT) _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ
kvIqfp-IÄ¡p-thn Hcp ]mTy-]-²Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ {ia-¯n-em-Wv.
~Hcp GIo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw ]mTy-{I-ahpw \ne-hn hcn-I-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnse A¡m-Z-an-Ihpw `c-
W-]chpamb {]hÀ -\-§Ä s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯n {]hÀ¯n-
¡p-¶, kzbw-`cW Øm]-\-amb kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-
t¯msS BIp-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS
hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v tIc-f-¯n Hcp Nn«bpw ASp-¡p-ap-m-¡p-hm³ Ign-bpw.
{]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw kao]n-¡m-hp¶ coXn-bnepw {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn-
te¡v F¯m-hp¶ hn[-¯n-ep-amWv Dt±-in-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ
kwhn-[m-\w.
kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ \mev taJem tI{µ-§-fp-ambpw tkm^väv
shbÀ aptJ-\, A¡m-Z-anI {]hÀ -\-§fpw `c-W-]-c-amb {]hÀ -\-§fpw Hcp
CâÀs\äv klm-b-t¯msS _Ôn-¸n-¨v, kwØm\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä GtIm-]n-¸n-¡m\pw
t{ImUo-I-cn-¡m\pw AtXm-sSm¸w tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nse hnZ-Kv²-cpsS klm-b-t¯m-sS,
kvs]jy kvIqfpIÄ¡pw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw A[ym-]-IÀ¡p-saÃmw amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-
§Ä \evIm\pw Ign-bpw. hfsc kpXm-cy-hpw, BÀ¡pw ]cntim[n-¡m-hp¶ hn[-
¯nepw Hmtcm Ip«n-bp-sSbpw A¡mZanI \ne-hm-chpw A[ym-]\ \ne-hm-c-hp-
sams¡ GsXm-cmÄ¡pw e`y-am-Ip¶ hn[-¯nepw kwhn-[m-\w-sN-¿m³ Ign-bpw. A -
c-samcp kpXmcy kwhn-[m\w kz´-amb Bh-iy-§-sf-¡p-cn¨pw Ah-Im-i-§-sf-¡p-
155
dn¨pw [mc-W-bn-Ãm¯ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v A\n-
hm-cy-am-Wv.
156
tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-bv¡p¶
Fw.-sI.-P-b-cmPv I½o-j³ ip]mÀiIÄ
1. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-sb¶ Kpcp-X-c-amb akvXn-jvI-{]-iv\-apÅ Ip«nI-
fpsS P\\w XS-bp-¶-Xn\v {]mY-an-I, ZznXo-b, {XnXob {]Xn-
tcm[ amÀ¤§Ä (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Preventive Measures) ià-
ambpw Imcy-£-a-ambpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.
2. KÀ`n-WnI-fmbhÀ¡v BZy-L«w apX IrXy-ambn tcmK-{]-Xn-
tcm[ Ip¯nsh-bv p-IÄ \ÂIp¶p F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ Bim-
hÀt¡gvkv, tPymXnkv, {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µ¯nse anUv ssh^p-amÀ
F¶nh-cpsS tkh\w IqSp-XÂ Imcy-£-a-am-¡-Ww.
3. P·-\m-bpÅ sshI-ey-§Ä Xncn-¨-dnªv hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ¡v
{]tXyIkwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp-¯Ww. ChÀ¡mbn {]tXyI ¢n\n-¡p-IÄ
{]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI{µ§Ä apX XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.
4. KÀ`-[m-c-W-¯n-\p-ap-¼mbn A½-amÀ¡v P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \ÂIp-
¶Xn\v {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µw apXÂ Xs¶ kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-
¡Ww.
5. Iuam-c-{]m-b-¯n-epÅ B¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw, s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw sshI-ey-
apÅ Ipªp-§fpmhm-\pÅ km[y-X-Isf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
hnhml]qÀÆ Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, kvIqÄ, tImtfPv Xe-¯n Xs¶ \ÂIp-
¶-Xn\v hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \ne-hn-epÅ GsX-¦nepw GP-³knIsf
Npa-Xes¸Sp- -Ww.
6. _p²n-amµyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih
at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶o akvXnjv¡ {]iv\-§Ä {Iam-Xo-X-
ambn hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ tIc-fob kml-Ncyw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-
¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb Kth-j-W-tI{µw tIc-f-¯n Øm]n-¡-Ww.
7. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bpsS km{µX \nÀ®-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ \ne-hn-epÅ
{]mam-WnI ]cn-tim-[\m amÀ¤-§Ä ( Standardised Assessment Methods)
IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v \nÀ®-b-coXn F§s\ eLq-I-cn-¡m-sa¶v taJ-e-
bnse hnj-b-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnZ-Kv²-cpambn Atem-Nn-¨v,
imkv{Xobhpw F¶m k¦oÀ®X Ipd-ª-Xp-amb amÀ¤-¯n-eqsS
157
F{Xbpw thKw shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw hnI-emwK kÀ«n-
^n-¡äv e`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-kcw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn Dm-¡-Ww.
8. _p²n-amµyw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, Hm«n-kw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o Ah-
Ø-IÄ ]qÀ®-ambpw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¨n-«n-Ãm-
-Xn-\mÂ, Cu hn`m-K-¯n\v {]iv\w \nÀ®-bn¨v BPo-h-\m´ hnI-emwK
kÀ«n-^n-¡äv \ÂI-Ww.
9. Cu ]T\ dnt¸mÀ«n ip]mÀi-sN-bvXn-cn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-
I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tIµ-¯nsâ
amÀ¤-\nÀt±it¯msS Xt±i kzbw-`-cW Øm]-\§Ä hgn GÀfn
CsâÀsh³ skâdpIÄ XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.
10. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-
¡p-¶-Xn\v Xmeq¡v Xe-¯n dolm-_n-en-tä-j³/¢n\n-¡Â sskt¡m-f-
Pn-Ìnsâ tkh\w Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.
11. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Ign-hp-
IÄ¡pw {]mY-anI IrXy-§Ä¡papÅ ]cn-io-e-\w F{Xbpw t\cs¯
Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. hoSp-I-fn sh¨v ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ ]cn-io-e\
]mt¡-Pp-IÄ UnPn-ä kmt¦-Xn-IX, CsâÀs\äv, F¶n-h-bn-eqsS hoSp-I-
fnse Iw]yq-«À, Sn.hn hgn e`y-am-¡-Ww. CXn-\pÅ kwhn-[m\w
kwØm\ D¶-X-Xe tI{µw {][m-\-tI-{µ-am¡n kn.-Un-äv, knUm¡v
sF.-Sn.-an-j³ Ch-bpsS klm-b-t¯msS \S-¸m-¡Ww.
12. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-Ä¡v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ am\-kn-
Im-tcm-Ky-a-cp-¶p-IÄ kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-
cn-¡-Ww.
13. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, Hm¡p-t]-j-
W sXdm-¸n, kv]o¨v sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ kuI-cy-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-
¶-Xn\v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.
14. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-S-
en-t\m-sSm¸w Bh-iy-amb klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
15. tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ (_p-²n-ssh-I-eyw,
Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw)
Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-
158
§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µw F{Xbpw s]s«¶v
Øm]n-¡-Ww.
16. kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw \nco-
£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw
kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n \nc-´c ]cn-tim-[-\-
IÄ \S-t --Xm-Wv.
17. kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¨p-sImncn-¡p¶
Ip«n-IÄ¡p-thn BtcmKy hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n,
Hm¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-bÀ sXdm¸n
Ch \ÂI-Ww.
18. kaq-l-¯n\v hne-s¸« tkh\w \ÂIp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡m-bpÅ kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-À¡v aäp kam\
kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS tkh-\þthX\ hyh-Ø-IÄ ASn-b-
´n-c-ambn \ÂIWw. am\y-amb thX\w e`n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, hnZym-`ymk
{]hÀ¯\w KpW-]-chpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb Hcp {]{Inb AÃm-Xm-¡p-Ibpw
BXy-´n-I-am-bn AXv Ip«n-I-fpsS ASn-Øm\ Ah-Imi ewL-\hpw
Poh-\-¡m-cpsS \oXn \ntj-[-hp-ambn ]cn-Wan-¡p-I-bpw sN¿pw.
19. hnI-emwK \nbaw 1995 (PWD Act 1995) A\p-im-kn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ am\-
Z-WvU-§Ä ]m-en-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-am{Xsa ]n.-U-»q.Un cPn-kvt{S-j³
\ÂImhq.
20. ]cym-]vX-amb ASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§-fpÅ kvs]jy kvIqfp-IÄ¡v
IrXy-amb am\-Z-WvU§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n Fbn-UUv ]Zhn
\ÂIWw.
21. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Htc-Io-IrX ]mTy-]-²-
Xn-bpw, ]T-\-co-Xnbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.
22. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kvIqfp-I-fnÂ
A²ym-]IþA-²ym-]-tI-Xc hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw sshI-ey-¯nsâ Xo{h-
X-b-\p-k-cn¨v \nÀh-Nn-¡p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn Poh-\-¡m-cpsS
F®w \nÝbn-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
23. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡m-bpÅ kvIqfp-IÄ X½n-
epÅ Zqc-]-cn[n FÃm-Xcw Ip«n-IÄ¡pw ^e-{]-Z-amb tkh\w e`n-¡p¶
hn[-¯n ]men-t¡XmWv
159
24. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS kvIqfp-I-fn Ah-
cpsS ka-{Khn-I-k-\-¯n\v Bh-iy-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-§fpw
sXdm-]yq-«nIv klmb D]-I-c-W§fpw Ds¶v Dd-¸m-¡-Ww..
25. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ ]ptcm-K-Xn-
bpsS HmtcmL-«¯nepw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v \nco-£n-¡mhp¶ Xc-¯nepw
Bh-iy-am-sW¦n CS-s]-S \S¯m-hp¶ hn[-¯nepw hnZym-`ymk k{¼-
Zmbw kpXm-cy-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
26. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÄs¸sS FÃm hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fp-
sSbpw hnZym`ym-ks¯ Hc-[ym-b-ambn DÄs¸-Sp¯n tIcf hnZym-`ymk
N«w ]cn-jv¡cn-¡-Ww. .
27. _Uvkv kvIqfp-I-fnepw kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn-epw s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-
fnepw \ne-hn-epÅ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Bh-iy-amb tbmKyX CsænÂ
tbmKyX BÀÖn-¡m-\pÅ ka-b-]-cn[n \ÂIn aäp kam\ kvs]jyÂ
kvIqÄ (A-Ô-þ-_-[n-c) Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh\ thX\
hyhØIÄ Dd¸m-¡-Ww.
28. Bb-amÀ¡pw, kvs]jy kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn v ASn-
Øm\ [mcW Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bn AwKo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb
{lkz-Ime ]cn-io-e\w \ÂI-Ww.
29. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-I-fn kÀ¡mÀ
AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ IrXy-amb amÀ¤-tc-J-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb A²ym-]I, c£-IÀXr
kwL-S\ \nÝ-b-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.
30. {]tXyI hnZym-`ymkam-bmepw kwtbm-Pn-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-bm-epw, _p²n-]-
camb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS hyàn-KX ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v
(sF.C.]n) {]m[m\yw \ÂI-Ww. ^e-{]-Z-amb hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\,v sF.-
C.-]n. F¶Xv Hmtcm Ip«n-bp-tSbpw ASn-Øm\ hnZym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-tc-J-
bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-Ww.
31. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-IÄ GXv kwhn-[m-\-
¯nsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-em-bmepw hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä \nb-{´n-¡p-
¶Xv hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
32. khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-epw, kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ym-k-¯nepw DÄs¸-
Sm¯ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-
tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-\pÅ kuIcyw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
160
33. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-
tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v \mj-W Hm¸¬ kvIqÄ amXr-I-bnÂ
{]tXyI ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bpw, ]co-£-bpw, kÀ«n^n-¡äv \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ
kwhn-[m-\hpw Dm-bn-cn¡Ww.
34. skdn-{_ ]mÄkn _m[n¨ Ip«n-I-fpsS imco-cnI sshI-ey-§Ä adn-I-S-
¡m³ km[n¡p¶-co-Xn-bn-epÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-cW kwhn-[m-\-§Ä
kvIqfpIfn Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
35. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th sXdm-¸n-IÄ e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v
GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ apX thmt¡-j-W bqWo-äp-IÄ hscbpÅ
kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
36. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw ikv{X-
{In-b-Ifpw kuP-\yambn e`y-am-¡-Ww.
37. _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯nsâ hym]vXn
A\p-k-cn¨v ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw, ]T-\-co-Xn-Ifpw (DZm-l-c-W-ambn _lp-Xe
C{µob kao-]\w AYhm aÄ«nsk³kdn At{]m¨v) \S-¸m-¡-Ww.
38. Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Krlm-[n-jvTnX (tlmw_uv)
t{]m{Kmw IqSp-XÂ ià-ambn \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv. sXdm¸n-Ìnsâ tkh\w
IqSn e`y-am-¡p¶ hn[-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww CXv Bkq-{XWw sNt¿--Xv.
39. skdn-{_ ]mÄkn, _p²n-ssh-I-eyw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw Ch DÅ-hÀ¡v ]
cn-lmc ikv{X-{In-bbpw (Id-IvSohv kÀPdnbpw) klm-b-D-]-I-c-W-§fpw
kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.
40. _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS C{µnb {]tNm-Z-\-¯n-\mbn B[p-\nI
kmt¦-XnI hnZy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v sXdm-¸n-Ìp-I-
fpsS tkh\w e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
41. Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡,v DZm-l-c-W-ambn _[n-cm-Ô-X-bpÅ
Ip«n-IÄ¡v am{X-ambn ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn hnZym-`ym-k-þ-]-cn-
N-cW tI{µ-§Ä kÀ¡mÀ XpS-§p-Itbm AsÃ-¦n kzImcy taJ-ebv¡v
Bcw-`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ k¼qÀ®klmbw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.
42. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯n\v A\p-k-cn-¨pÅ
A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn-epw, ]mT-]p-kvX-I- nepw \nÀ_Ô-am-
¡-Ww.
43. ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯n DÄs¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bm¯{X Xo{h-amb
]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS ]co-£-bpsS hnj-b-§Ä \nÝ-
161
bn-¡p-¶-Xn DZm-camb kao-]\w Dm-hWw (DZm: IW-¡n-\p-]-Icw
I¼yq«À AsÃ-¦n sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnj-b-§Ä)
44. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-Isf IrXy-ambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw hne-bn-cp¯n
Ah-cpsS ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-¯nsâ coXn-bpw, kz`m-hhpw Is-¯p-¶-Xn\v
imkv{Xob kwhn-[m\w kvIqfp-I-fn Dm-bncn-¡-Ww.
45. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÄs¸sS Ip«n-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v
s]m-Xp-hnZymeb-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v [mc-W -e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Sn Sn
kn, _n.-F-Uv, Fw. FUv ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn Hcp t]¸-dmbn Cu hnjbw
DÄs -Sp- -Ww.
46. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅhcpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v {]tXyI kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-
cn-¡-Ww. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-Å-hÀ¡v sF.Sn-sF, t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-¡v, F³Pn-\n-
b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ss^\mSvkv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ssIs¯mgn ]cn-io-
e\ tImgvkp-IÄ XpS-§n-b-h-bn \nÝnX iX-am\w kwh-cWw Dd-¸p-h-cp-
-Ww.
47. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-ÅhÀ¡v A`n-cp-Nn-¡-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ sXmgn kwhcWw Dd-
¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
48. ]T\ sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]co£ Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-Xn-
IÄ ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv {]mKÛyw sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kvss{I_v DÄs¸-sS-
bpÅ klm-b-§Ä e`y-am-hp-s¶¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww. Cu kwhn-[m\w
AhÀ lmP-cm-¡p¶ FÃm tbmKyXm ]co-£-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-¡-Ww.
49. GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ bqWn-äp-I-fn Hm«nkw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
kwhn[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
50. khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«n-k-
apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Hm«n-k-¯n {]tXyI ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨ A²ym-]-I-cpsS
tkh\w e`y-am-¡-Ww.
51. s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fn-epw, khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«nk-
ap-ff Ip«n-IÄ¡mbn {]tXyIw dntkmgvkv dpw kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-t¡--
XmWv
52. ssiih at\m-tcmKw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v Xmeq-¡m-ip-]{Xn Xe-¯n-se-
¦nepw sskIym-{Sn¡v tkh\w Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww
53. ssiih at\m-tcm-Ks¯¡pdn¨v [mcW Dm-Ip-¶-Xn-\mbn \ne-hn-epÅ
kvIqÄ Iu¬-kn-te-gvkn\v ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-Ibpw Iu¬kn-eÀamÀ \ne-
hn-en-Ãm¯ kvY-e-§-fn Ahsc \nb-an-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
162
54. ssiih at\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw Ahsc \nco-£n-
¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pambn sskIym{So hmÀUn-t\m-Sp-tNÀ¶v
Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn Xew apXÂ Hcp ¢n\n¡v Dmbn-cn-¡-Ww.
55. ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf apJy-[mcm hnZym-`ymk coXn-tbm-sSm¸w
sImpt]m-Ip-¶-Xn\pw kvIqfp-I-fn A²ym]-IÀ¡v khn-tij ]cn-io-e\w
\ÂI-Ww.
56. ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn A\p-
tbm-Py-amb sXmgnep-I-fn ap³K-W\ Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.
57. ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kuP-\y-amb NnIn-Õbpw, acp¶pw
e`y-am-¡Ww.
58. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Iem-`n-cpNn hfÀ¯p-¶-
Xn\pw t{]mÕmln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw PnÃm-Xew apX \ne-hn s]mXphn-Zym-
e-b-§-fn sN¿p-¶-Xp-t]mse Item-Õhw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.
59. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Item-Õhw km[m-c-W-
Ip-«n-I-fpsS Item-Õhw t]mse hyà-amb amÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§fpw am\-Z-
WvU§fpw \nÝ-bn¨v ASp¡pw Nn«-tbmSpw IqSn \S- -Ww.
60. ItemÕh hnP-bn-IÄ¡v km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fn \ÂIp¶ AtX
k½m-\-XpI \ÂI-Ww. Hcp Xc-¯n-epÅ hnth-N-\hpw Dm-hm³ ]mSn-Ã.
61. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Ign-hp-I-Ä hfÀ¯p-¶-Xn\v
km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fn kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-epÅ Imbn-I-ta-f-IÄ
kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.
62. \mj-W CâÀ \mj-W aÕ-c-§-fn ]s¦-Sp¯v hnP-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v
aäp-Im-bn-I-Xm-c-§Ä¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]cn-K-
W-\bpw \ÂI-Ww.
63. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡mbn Kh¬saânsâ t\Xr-Xz-
¯nepw km¼-¯nI klm-b-¯nepw hÀ¡v FIvkv]o-cn-b³kv taf-IÄ
kwL-Sn-¸n-¡Ww.
64. B[p\nI tkm^väv shbÀ DÄs -sS-bpÅ kmt¦-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Kn¨v
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]T-\-kw-hn-[m\w IqSp-XÂ
BIÀj-I--am-¡-Ww.
65. Iem-Im-bnI hnt\mZ D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-
h-cpsS tijn-hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb ]mTy-{Iaw cq]-s¸-Sp-
¯Ww.
163
66. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnt\mZ kuI-cy-§Ä Dd-¸m-
¡m³ Aayq-kvsaâv ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw hm«À Xow ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw Hcp klm-
bn-tbm-sSm¸w kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIm³ Øm]\ DS-a-IÄ¡v
\nÀt±iw \evI-Ww. C§s\ kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIp-¶-hÀ¡v \nIp-Xn-
bn-fhv A\p-h-Zn-bv¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
67. PnÃm BØm-\-§-fnepw Xmeq¡v BØm-\-§-fnepw ]©m-b¯v tI{µ-§-
fn-ep-sam-s¡, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-
_mw-K-§Ä¡pwhnt\m-tZm-]m-[nbv¡v klm-bn-¡p¶ tI{µ-§Ä XpS-§m³
{XnXe ]©m-b-¯p-IÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \evI-Ww.
68. Iem-þ-Im-bnIþhn-t\mZ tI{µ-§-fn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp¶hÀ¡v kuP\y \nc-¡n-epÅ {]th-i-\-¯n\pw ap³K-W-\m-Sn-Øm-\-
¯n {]th-i\ Sn¡äv e`y-am¡p-¶-Xn\pÅ Ah-k-c-ap-m-I-Ww.
69. s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fn ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶
Ip«n-I-Ä¡v ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw hyh-Øm-]n-Xambpw,
imkv{Xob amÀ¤\nÀt±i-§-tfm-sSbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.
70. s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fn ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp¶hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sfbpw {]iv\-§-sfbpw Ipdn¨v t_m[-h¡-
cWw \ÂtI--XmWv. C¯cw t_m[-h¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Npa-
Xe dntkmgvkv A²ym]-I-sc-bpw, {]Y-am²ym-]-I-scbpw G¸n-¡-Ww.
71. s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fn ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-
Sp¶hÀ¡v shmt¡j-W lbÀsk-¡-dn Xe-¯n sXmgn ]cn-io-e\
kuI-cy-§Ä Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
72. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃn-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn-
bv¡mbn Ip«n-IÄ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]ÝvNm-¯e kuIcyw \njvIÀjn-
¡p-I-bpw, Ip«nbpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{Inb kpK-a-ambn \S-¯p-¶-Xn\p
klm-b-I-amb hnZymÀ°nþ A²ym-]I A\p-]mXw Dm-hp-Ibpw thWw.
73. Ip«n-I-fpsS Bh-iyhpw Ignhpw Adnªv ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-
¯nepÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mT-]p-kvX-I-¯n Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
74. kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xn-bn DÄs¸-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kv]o v
sXdm-¸n,H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-bÀ sXdm¸n
Ch \ÂIp¶-Xn-\pÅ kuIcyw Hmtcm kvIqfnepw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
164
75. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä
ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶Xv AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-
¡Ww F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
76. ‘Ubäv’ t]mepÅ {][m\ s{Sbn-\nwKv sksâ-dp-I-fn _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS taJ-e-bn sshZ-Kv²y-apÅ Bfp-Isf
D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.
77. dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w Ip«n-¡p-thn At§-bäw D]-tbm-K-s¸-
Sp-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶-hn-[-¯n Ah-cpsS tPmen {Iao-I-cn-¡-Ww.
78. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS \ne-hn-epÅ Ign-hnsâ {]mY-
anI\nÀ®-bhpw ]cn-io-e-\-t¯m-sSm¸w XpSÀaq-ey-\nÀ®-bhpw \nÀ_-Ô-
am-¡-Ww.
79. dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v hnZ-Kv²-amb
XpSÀ]cn-tim-[-\-IÄ \S- -Ww.
80. kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-
IÀ¡v s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm B\p-Iq-
ey-§fpw e`yam-¡-Ww. (Hmtc Øm]-\-¯n IqSp-X {]hÀ¯\w \S-
¯p-¶-h-tcmSv km¼-¯nI hnth-N\w ]mSnÃ)
81. s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n\pw khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\pw thn Nne-h-gn-
¡p¶ ]W-hpw, hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡p-e-`n-¡p¶ ^e-{]m-]vXnbpw X½n Xmc-
Xay ]T\§Ä \nc-´cw \St --Xm-Wv.
82. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hpsS taJ-e-bn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-
hnZKv²À¡v BÀ.-kn.-sF cPn-kvt{S-j³ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
83. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p¶ FÃm Øm]-\-§-fnepw
BÀ.-kn.-sF \njvIÀjn-¡p¶ ASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§fpw ^m¡Âänbpw
Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
84. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-etI{µ§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v km[m-cW C¯cw
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v \ÂIp¶ i¼-fhpw
aäm-\p-Iq-ey-§fpw \ÂI-Ww.
165
85. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]-I-cpsS ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ kÀ¡m-À taJ-e-bn IqSp-XÂ
Bcw-`n-¡Ww.
86. A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-
Xn-\mbn FÃm A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-sfbpw kwØm\ Xe D¶-
X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ Iogn sImph-cWw.
87. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-ioen-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v {Sm³kvt]mÀ«v I¬kj³ A\p-h-
Zn-¡-Ww.
88. tIc-f-¯nse hnhn[ bqWn-th-gvkn-än-IÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« tImgvkp-IÄ Bcw-`nt¡-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS Cu taJ-bnÂ
{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Øm]-\-§-fp-ambn kPo-h-amb A¡m-Z-anI _Ôw
Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw tIc-f-¯n C¯cw hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« A¡m-
Z-anI A´-co£w Dm-t¡--Xpam-Wv.
89. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ
A²ym-]I ]cn-io- e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v, Sn.-Sn.kn tImgvkp-IÄ¡pkam-\-
amb Item-Õ-h-§-fpw, kvt]mÀ«vkv aoäpw Kh¬saâv Xe-¯n kwL-Sn-
¸n-¡-Ww.
90. hnZqc ]T-\-¯n-eqsS am{Xw tbmKyX t\Snb \ne-hn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sImncn-
¡p¶ A²ym-]-IÀ kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw \S-¯p¶ 6 amks¯
{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkn \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw ]s¦-Sp¯v kÀ«n-^n-
¡äv t\Sn-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
91. Bdp-am-ks¯ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ tImgvknsâ ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw kne-
_Êpw kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw X¿m-dm¡n ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.
92. A²ym-]-tI-Xc Poh-\-¡mÀ Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Cu taJ-e-sb-¡p-dn¨pw
Ah-t_m[w Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bnepÅ Hcp {lkz-Ime tImgvkv (1
amks¯) ]qÀ¯n-bm-t¡--Xm-Wv.
93. FÃm bqWn-th-gvkn--än-I-fnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«
hnjb-§-fn tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p-Ibpw Kth-jW ]T-\-§Ä t{]mÕm-
ln-¸n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.
94. tIc-f-¯n dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn-ensâ AwKo-Im-c-apÅ ]p\-c-[n-
hmk tImgvkp-IÄ ({]tXy-In v Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-
166
Ieyw, ]T-\ssh-Ieyw F¶o hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«) kÀ¡mÀ Xe-
¯n Bcw-`n-bv¡-Ww.
95. tIc-f-¯nse saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-I-fn H¡p-t]-j-W sXdm-¸n, kv]o v
sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bpsS Un{Kn, ]nPn, tImgvkp-IÄ DS³ XpS-§-Ww.
96. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p¶ A²ym-]-
IÀ¡v \qX\-amb Adnhv kzmwio-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn XpSÀ¨-bmb ]cn-io-
e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ \nÀ_-Ôam¡-Ww.
97. kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen
Ne-©vUv s\ kwØm-\-X-e D¶X tI{µ-am¡n amäp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]Sn
Gähpw ASn-b-´nc-ambn \S- -Ww.
98. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ {]hÀ¯\w _p²n-am-µy-ta-J-e-bn HXp-§p-¶-
Xn-\p-]-Icw Hm«nkw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw, ssiihat\m-
tcmKw, ]T\ sshIeyw XpS-§nb FÃm hn`mK§-sfbpw Hcp IpS-¡o-gnÂ
sImph-c-Ww.
99. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ \nehn-ep-f-f {]hÀ -\-§sf ka-{K-ambn ]
p\xkwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.
100.kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen
Ne-©vUven Ct¸mÄ Znh-k-th-X-\-¯nepw IcmÀ ASn-Øm-\-¯nepw
{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡mÀ am{X-ta-bp-Åq. Øm]-\-¯nsâ kpØn-chpw,
kpk-Ö-hp-amb {]hÀ¯\-¯n-\mbn apgp-h³ Poh-\-¡m-scbpw Ønc-s¸-
Sp-¯p-Ibpw ]qÀ® B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.
101. tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ {]tXyI
hnZym-e-b-§-fpsS `c-W-]-chpw A¡m-Z-an-I-hp-amb {]hÀ -\-§sf tÌäv
C³Ìn-äyq-«p-ambn _Ôn-¸n¡Ww.
102.tÌäv C³Ìnäyq-«nsâ A¡m-Z-an-I-amb hn`h hn\n-ab tijn
kwØm-\Xe-¯nepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Hmtcm
hyàn¡pw klmbw e`y-am-¡p¶ hn[-¯n iàns¸Sp- -Ww.
103.tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«ns\ kwØm\Xe D¶X tI{µ-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ km¼-
¯nI klm-bw kwØm\ _UvPäv hnln-X-¯n \nt¶m {]tXyI tI{µ
{Kmâmtbm e`y-am-¡Ww.
104.kn.-F-¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen Nme-©vUns\
Hcp anI-hnsâ tI{µ-ambn (Centre for Excellence) hnI-kn-¸n-bv¡-Ww.
167
105.kn.-F-¨v.-ap-l-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-
{_Â ]mÄkn, sXdm¸yq-«n-Ivkv, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶o
hnj-b-§-fn Un{Kn, ]nPn-tIm-gvkp-IÄ XpS§n Hcp UowUv bqWn-th-
gvknän Ìmä-kn-tebv¡v DbÀ -Ww
106._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXm-gn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-
amb kvssä]âv Xt±i kzbw-`-c-W-Øm-]-\-§Ä \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.
107.{]tXyI hnZym-e-b-§-fnse shmt¡j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv skâ-dnsâ
{]hÀ¯\w \nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw
kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ shmt¡j-WÂ {Sbn-\nwKv hn`m-K-hp-
ambn _Ô-s -Sp¯n-bpÅ \nco£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
108._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v BhÀ-¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpw
A]-I-Sc-ln-X-hp-amb tPmen-I-fnembn-cn-¡Ww ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xv.
109._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm-hp¶ sXmgnep-
IÄ tIc-f- n kÀtÆ \S¯n Is-¯Ww..
110. kÀtÆ \S¯n Is- nb sXm-gn-ep-IfpsS Hcp tPm_v tUäm Dm-¡p-Ibpw
Ah efn-X-ambpw Imcy-£-a-ambpw \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Kth-j-W-§Ä
t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw thWw.
111. shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb sXm-gn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\pw
Ah efn-Xhpw Imcy-£-ahp am¡n \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\papÅ Kth-j-W-
§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn\pw F{Xbpw s]s«¶v \mjW C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ
shmt¡j-W {Sbn-\nwKv Bâv Fwt¹mbnsaâv tIc-f-¯n Øm]n-¡-
Ww.
112. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \nb-a\w e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn
kzImcy hyh-kmb DS-a-IÄ, s]mXptaJem Øm]\m[n-Im-cn-IÄ F¶n-h-
cpsS kwbpà kl-I-c-W-t¯msS kvs]jy Fwt¹mbnsaâv
FIvkvtNbv©v kwhn-[m\w Bcw`n¡p¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ t{]mÕm-
l\w \evI-Ww.
113. sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Ah-cpsS
tbmKy-X-bp-sSbpw ]cn-N-b-¯n-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯n tkh\ thX\
hyh-Ø-IÄ ]cn-jv¡-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.
114. sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fnse {]hÀ -\-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb Akw-
kvIrX hkvXp-¡Ä kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn-[m\w Dm-¡-
Ww.
168
115. 18 hb-kn-\p-tijw sXmgn ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v Du¶Â sImSp-¯p-sImv ASn-
b-´n-c-ambn sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. kuI-cy-apÅ
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fn sXmgn ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-
Ww. \ne-hn Hgn-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ s]mXp hnZym-eb sI«n-S-§Ä Cu Bh-
iy-¯n-te¡v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
116. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯nÂ
kwc-£nX sXmgnenS-§Ä (Sheltered Workshops) Bcw-`n-¡-Ww.
117. sXmgn ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb sXm-gn kwcw- -§Ä kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bn Bcw-`n-t¡--
Xm-Wv, kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th {]tNm-Z\w
kÀ¡mÀ \ÂI-Ww.
118. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ tPmen-I-fnÂ
kwhcWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.
119. kvs]jy Fwt¹m-bn-kns\ \nb-an-¡p-¶- kzImcy sXmgn-ep-S-a-IÄ¡pw
kwcw-`-IÀ¡pw \nIpXn B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä A\p-h-Zn¨p \ÂI-Ww.
120.Kh-s×âv B^o-kp-I-fn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ tÌj-\dn km[-\-§fnÂ
\nÝnX iX-am\w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-
h-b¡v ap³K-W\ \ÂIp¶-Xn\v B^o-kpIÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶
D -c-hn-d-¡-Ww.
121. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v tPmen Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v
c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v DZmc \nc-¡n kzbw sXmgn hmbv]-IÄ A\p-h-Zn-bv¡-
Ww.
122._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ Dm-¡p¶ Dev]-¶-§Ä¡v
hn]Wn Is- m³ k_vknUn kwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp- -Ww. Ch-cp-m-
¡p¶ Dev]-¶-§Ä hyhkmb hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS hnev]\ \S-
¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn[m\w GÀs -Sp -Ww.
123. 18 hb-Êp-I-gnª Xo{h _p²n sshI-ey-ap-Å-hsc imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-
bnÂ
169
kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ]cn-]m-e\ tI{µ§Ä ASn-b-´n-c-ambn Bcw-`n-¡-
Ww. 124. tI{µ kÀ¡m-cnsâ ]cn-K-W-\-bn-en-cn-¡p¶ hnI-emwK Ah-Imi
_nÃv-þ2012
]mÀe-saân ]mkm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ tIc-f-¯nÂ
\n¶pÅ
]mÀesaâv AwK-§-fn-eqsS ià-amb k½À±w tI{µkÀ¡m-cn sNep-
-Ww.
125 kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fnepw s]mXphn-Zym-e-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-
amb
shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kao-IrX t]mj-Im-lmcw e`n-¡p-
¶p-sh¶v
Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
126._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ,
kzImcy Bip]-{Xn-I-fn {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-bpw, ap³K-W-\bpw ((Iyq
Hgn-hm-¡p-I, Gsd t\cw Im¯p-\n¡p-¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡p-I, s]cp-amä
{]iv\-§Ä a\-Ên-em¡n (ssl¸À BIvSn-hnän t]mep-Åh) s]cp-am-
dpI)) \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v {]XyI kÀ¡mÀ D¯chv Cd-¡-Ww.
127._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS {]iv\-§sf¡pdn¨v kaq-l-
¯n t_m[-h¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\mbn kvIqÄ ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bnÂ
(¹kv Sp ¢mÊv hsc) C¯cw Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnj-b-§Ä
DÄs -Sp- -Ww.
128.tI{µ \nb-a-§-fmb t]gvk¬ hn¯v Unkn_n-en-äokv BIvSv 1995, \mj-
WÂ {SÌv BIvSv 1999, bp.-F³. kn. BÀ, ]n.Un 2008 Ch-bnse \nÀt±-i-
§Ä IÀi-\-ambn \S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v kwØm\
Xe-¯n klm-b-I-c-amb N«-§Ä Dm-hp-Ibpw (Ah-Im-i-§Ä e`n-¨n-sÃ-
¦n \nb-a-\-S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ) iàambn \S-¸m-
¡p-Ibpw thWw.
129.tIc-f-¯nse A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ ]mTy-]-²Xn, {]o ss{]adn Sot¨-
gvknsâ ]mTy-]-²Xn, t\gvknw-Kv, saUn-¡Â, ]mcm-sa-Un-¡Â, sXdm-]yq-«n-
¡v, tkmjy hÀ¡v XpS-§nb ]mTy-]-²-Xn-IÄ Ch-bn _p²n-]-c-amb
170
shÃp-hnfnIsf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§fpw {]mtbm-KnI ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]
{In-b-I-fpsams¡ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Hcp hnj-b-ambn DÄs -Sp-t - -Xm-Wv.
130.kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ taÂt\m-«-¯n ASn-b-´n-c-ambn 18
hbÊp-I-gn-ª-hÀ¡mbn k¶-²-kw-L-S-\-IÄ s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-
§Ä, sNdp-InS hyh-kmb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä kzImcy kwcw-`-§Ä XpS-§n-
b-hsc DÄs -Sp-¯n-s¡m-pÅ Hcp ka-{K-amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw Bcw-`n-
bv¡-Ww.
131. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpÅ {]tXy-In¨pw Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-I-
fpÅ Ipªp§-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, DtZym-K-Ø-cm-sW-¦n Ah-cpsS
tPmen ka-b-§-fn Hcp Znhkw cmhnsetbm sshIp-t¶-ctam 1 aWn-
¡qÀ apXÂ 2 aWn-¡qÀ hsc ka-b-¯nsâ Cfhv A\p-h-Zn-bv¡m³
kÀ¡mÀ D -c-hn-d-¡-Ww.
132._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶- Ip«n-I-fpsS s]³j³
kvtImfÀjn-¸v, ssÌ]âv aäm-\p-Iq-ey§Ä F¶nh A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn\v
c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡-cp-Xv.
133.\nÀ[-\À/ tcmKn-IÄ/ {]mbm-[nIyw h¶-hÀ/ am\-knI tcmK-ap-Å-hÀ/
hn[-h-IÄ/ hn`m-cyÀ -þ C -c-¡m-cpsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶
Ip«n-I-fpsS kpc-£bv¡pw kwc-£-W-¯n-\p-ambn ]©m-b¯v Xe
kanXn/ kwhn-[m\w Dm-h-Ww.
134._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw
Ahsc Nqj-W-¯n \n¶pw kwc-£n-t¡--Xnsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨pw,
Sn-hn, ]{Xw, CâÀs\äv XpS-§nb am[y-a-§-fn-eqsS t_m[-h¡-cWw
\ÂI-Ww.
135._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v s]mXp-P-\-§-fn Ah-t_m[w
Dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb sNdp-]-c-ky-§Ä Zriy-am-[y-a-§-
fnÂ/tdUntbmI-fn \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw kwt{]-£Ww sN¿p-¶-Xn\v \nb-
a-\nÀ½m-W-¯n hyhØ sN¿-Ww.
136.DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, {]tXy-In¨v Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v eoh-\p-hZn-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v DZmc
kao-]\w kzoI-cn-bv¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, i¼-f-t¯m-sSm¸w Ip«n-I-fpsS `oa-
amb NnIn-ÕmsN-e-hv, hnZym-`ymk sNe-hv, bm{Xm sNehv F¶n-hbpw
A\p-h-Zn¨p \evI-Ww.
171
137. Xo{h-þ-XojvW hn m-K- nÂs¸« _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS
DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v am\-kn-tIm-Ãm-k- n-\mbn asäÃm A\p-h-Z-\ob eohp-
IÄ¡p-ap-]-cn, 10 Znh-k-s -sb-¦nepw Ah-[nbpw DÃm-kbm{Xm sNehpw
kÀ¡mÀ \evI-Ww. Cu B\p-Iqeyw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnepw \evIp-¶-Xn\v Dt -
P\w \evI-Ww.
138.c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS A`m-h- nÂ/ c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v kwc-£n-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«p-
Å-t¸mÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc Xma-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v
kvs]jy kvIqfp-I-fp-am-tbm, ]p\-c-[n-hmk Øm]-\-§-fp-amtbm _Ô-
s¸«v kzIm-cyþ kÀ¡mÀ ]¦m-fn- -t¯msS sdkvss]äv tlmwkv Bcw-`n-
¡-Ww.
139._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ayqkn-bw, arK-ime aäp-hn-
t\mZ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-hn-S-§-fn kµÀi\w kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.
140._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Ah-Im-i-
§fpw e`y-am-Ip-¶-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb
{]tXyI \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
141. aäp hnI-emwK hn`m-K§fn \n¶pw hyXy-Ø-ambn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS NnInÕm Nnehv, acp-¶v, ]cn-io-e-\- n-\pÅ Nne-hv,
]cm-{i-bXzw Ch ]cn-K-Wn¨v s]³j³ KWy-ambn hÀ²n-¸n-¡-Ww.
142.\nb-a-ÚÀ, tImSXn DtZym-K-ØÀ, dh\yq DZym-K-ØÀ, t]meo-kv, BÀ.-Sn.
H, ss{UhÀ, I-IvSÀ XpS-§nb s]mXpP-\-hp-ambn \nc-´cw _Ô-s¸-Sp¶
FÃm DtZym-K-ØÀ¡pw am\-kn-I-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]än-
bpÅ t_m[-h¡-c-Whpw {]tXyI ]cn-io-e-\hpw \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.
143._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ
kuP-\y-ambn hmZn-¡p-¶-Xn\v sslt¡m-S-Xnbnepw, PnÃm tImS-Xnbnepw
Hcp Kh¬saâv ¹oU-dpsS tkh\w e`y-am-t¡--Xm-Wv.
144.tlmw sIbÀ Bh-iy-amb Xo{h hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸Sp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb
shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡sf sXmgnep-d- p-]-²-Xn-bnÂ
DÄs -Sp- -n Ip«n-IÄ¡v \evIp¶ ]cn-N-cWw sXmgn-embn ]cn-K-Wn¨v
thX\w \evI-Ww.
145._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS khn-ti-jX ]cn-K-Wn¨v Ah-cp-
ambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v ^mÌv {Sm¡v kwhn-
[m\w Dm-h-Ww.
172
146._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Btcm-Ky, NnIn-Õm, ]cn-io-
e-\m-h-iy-§Ä¡mbn Xmeq¡v Xew apX-se-¦nepw aÄ«n Unkn-¹n\dn
Soansâ tkh\w e`y-am-t¡--Xm-Wv.
147.NnInÕm cwKs¯ Nqj-W-§-fn \n¶pw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ
t\cn-Sp-¶-h-sc-bpw, Ah-cpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡-sfbpw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v
\nba]cn-c£\ÂIWw.
148._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpÅ IpSpw-_-§sf _n.-]n.-FÂ
hn`mK-¯n DÄs -Sp- -Ww.
149._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶- {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb B¬Ip-«n-IfpsS-
bpw, s]¬Ip-«n-I-fpsSbpw Ah-Im-i-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-
Ifpw ap³Icp-X-ep-Ifpw kzoI-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.
150.c£-IÀ¯m-¡-fpsS Ime-tijw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc
kwc£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Hmtcm PnÃ-bnepw BPo-h-\m´ ]p\-c-[n-hmk tI{µ-
§Ä XpSt§--Xm-Wv.
151. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cp-sSbpw Bh-iy-§fpw Ah-Im-i-
§fpw e`y-am-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Ata-cn-¡-bn “{]kn-
Uâv kanXn” kwhn-[m\w cq]o-I-cn- -t¸mse tIc-f-¯nse apJy-a{´n
sNbÀam\pw _Ô-s¸« hIp-¸p-a-{´n-amÀ AwK-§-fp-ambn Hcp “No^v an\n-
ÌÀ kanXn” cq]o-I-cn¨v \nc-´c \nco-£-W-¯n-eqsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-
hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS khn-tij ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ ]cn-l-cn-bv¡-Ww.
152._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fnIÄ t\cn-Sp¶hÀ¡m-h-iy-amb sshZy-]-cn-tim-
[-\, acp-¶v, NnInÕ XpS-§nb FÃm tkh-\-§fpw kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-
¡-Ww.
153.tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©nUv, kvs]jyÂ
kvIqfpIÄ,sF.C.-Un.-F-kv.-F-kv, Fkv.-F-kv.-F, IpSpw-_-{io, km£-cXm
anj³ XpS-§nb GP³kn-Isf imkv{Xo-b-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯n
_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS Hcp kÀtÆ \S¯n ØnXn
hnhcIW-¡v Dm-t¡--Xm-Wv.
154.Xo{h _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS IpSpw-_s¯ Bizm-
kIncWw ]²-Xn-bn hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡msX DÄs -Sp¯n FÃm-
hÀ¡pw klmbw e`n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp -Ww.
173
155.sshIeyw sXfn-bn-¡p¶ kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-IÄ thK-¯nepw icn-bmbpw
\nÀ®-bn¨p \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v DÅ kwhn-[m\w Dmbncn-¡-Ww.
156.\nb-a-]-c-amb c£m-IÀXr- kw-hn-[m\w \ne-hn hcp-¯p-Ibpw AXv
Zpcp-]-tbmKw sN¿-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ ià-amb \nba kwc-£Ww \ÂIp-
¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡pIbpw thWw.
157._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw klm-bn¡pw _kvbm{Xm
klmbw \ÂIp-¶-Xnsâ Zqc-]-cn[n 40 Intem-ao-äÀ F¶p-ÅXv Zqc-]-cn[n
Hgn-hm¡n \ÂI-Ww.
158.hnZym-`ymkw, NnInÕm, sXmgnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÅ-
hÀ¡p-t\sc \S-¯p¶ Ipä-Ir-Xy-§Ä XpS-§nb Bh-em-Xn-IÄ¡v ]cn-
lmcw ImWp-¶-Xn\mbn {]tXyI \nbakwhn-[m-\hpw, {]tXyI tImS-
Xnbpw Dm-h-Ww.
159._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn A\p- -hn-¡p¶ hyàn-I-fpsS IpSpw-_-¯n\v
sshZypXn, shÅw, t^m¬ Ch ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.
160.F³tUmkÄ^m³ {]tZ-iw DÄs¸-Sp¶ ImkÀtImSv PnÃ-bn kn.-F-¨v.-ap-
l-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-b tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ taJem tI{µw F{Xbpw
s]s«¶v Bcw-`n-¡Ww..
161. F³tUmkÄ^m³ {]tZ-i-§-fnse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-
¶-hÀ¡p-thn sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTnX tImgvkp-I-fpw, kwc-£nX sXm-gnenS§fpw
Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sXmgne-h-k-c-§Ä I-¯p-¶-Xn\v {]tXyI kwhn-[m\w D-
m-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.
162. FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bn KÀ`n-Wn-I-fm-Im³ t]mIp¶ FÃm
kv{XoIÄ¡pw P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \nÀ_-Ô-am-¡-Ww.
163.FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bn P\n-¡p¶ FÃm inip-¡-sfbpw
_p²n-ssh-I-eyhpw aäv {]iv\-§fpw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ FÃm Xcw
sSÌp-IÄ¡pw hnt[-b-am-¡p-I.
164.Xo{h _p²n sshIeyw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-thn imkv{Xobamb coXn-
bo tlmw _uv t{]mw{Kmw \S-¸n-em-¡-Ww.
165.F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i¯v km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sSm¸w XpS§n
aäp Xc- ¯n-epÅ klm-b-§fpw e`y-am-¡-Ww. (klmb D]-I-c-W-
§Ä, NnIn-Õ, acp-¶p-IÄ sshZy-k-lmbw XpS-§nbh)
174
166.F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX {]tZ-i-s¯ tZiob Zpc´ taJ-e-bmbn ]cn-K-
Wn¨v _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v FÃm klm-b-§fpw
A\p-h-Zn-¡Ww.
167.F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i-§-fn XpSÀ¨-bmb t_m[-h¡-cW ]cn-]m-
Sn-IÄ kwLSn-¸n-¡-Ww.
168.km¼-¯nI klm-b-§Ä \ ÂIp-t¼mÄ AXv icn-bmbn D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-
¯m³ Ign-bp-¶p-sh¶pw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.
175
A\p-_Ôw
1. t^mt«mkpw ]{X-hmÀ -I-fpwþ t]Pv 170-þ242
2. tcJ-IÄ kaÀ¸n- -h-cpsS t]cpw taÂhn-em-khpw þ241-þ343
176
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