Ipdn¸v - SJDsjd.kerala.gov.in/DOCUMENTS/Orders/Internal Orders/18379.pdf · Ipdn¸v BapJw...

$: Ipdn¸v - SJDsjd.kerala.gov.in/DOCUMENTS/Orders/Internal Orders/18379.pdf · Ipdn¸v BapJw _p²n-]c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ-þ-A-Sn-Øm\ hnh-c§Ä (Basic Information) t\cs¯ Is¯Â (Early$
Ipdn¸v

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä GXmv ka-{K-am-bn-

¯s¶ Cu ]T-\-¯nÂ DÄs¡m-Ån-¨n-«p-s-¶mWv {]Xym-in-¡p-¶-Xv. hnZym-`ym-k-w,

[\w, Btcm-Kyw, kmaq-ly-\o-Xn, ]©m-b-¯v, \K-c-Im-cyw, {Kma-hn-I-k-\w, Irjn,

sXmgnÂ, hyh-kmbw XpS-§n-b hIp-¸p-IÄ kwbp-à-ambn Gsä-Sp¯v \S-¸m-t¡

D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-§-fmWv Cu ]T-\-t¯m-sSm- -apÅ ip]mÀi-I-fn-ep-Å-Xv. CXv \S-¸m-¡p-

¶-Xn\v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-bv¡p-¶-h-cpsS Akm-[m-c-W-Po-

hnX kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn¨v _Ô-s¸« hIp¸p a{´n-amsc DÄs¸-Sp¯n Hcp apJy-

a{´nXe kaXn (Chief Minister’s Committee), tIc-f-¯nÂ hnhn[ hIp-¸p-IÄ,

ip]mÀi-IÄ \S-¸m-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw \nco-£-W-¯n-\p-ambn cq]o-

I-cn-bv¡-W-sa¶ ip]mÀi {]tXyIw kqNn-¸n-bv¡m-\m-{K-ln-¡p-¶p.

am\h kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS \oXn-_-²-amb al-Xzs¯ IqSp-XÂ Pzen-¸n-bv¡p-¶-

Xn\v Cu ]T\w Fs -¦nepw klmbw \evIp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ R§Ä [\y-cm-bn.

Xncp-h-\- -]-cpw, Fw.-sI. Pb-cmPv27-þ02-þ2013. (GImwK I-½o-j³)

taÂhn-emkw þ {]n³kn-¸mÄ,kn.- F-¨v.- ap-l-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌävþC³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne©vUv,]m§-¸md ]n.-H., Xncp-h-\- -]pcw.

1

hnj-b-hn-hcw

A²ymbw hnjbw t]Pv \¼À

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kÀ¡mÀ D¯-chv

Ipdn¸v

BapJw

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ-þ-A-Sn-Øm\ hnh-c-§Ä (Basic Information)

t\cs¯ Is- Â (Early Identification)

t\c-s¯-bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention)

hnZym-`ymkw (Education)

a\p-jy-hn- -h-tijn hnI-k\w (Human Resource Development)

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w (Vocational Training)

sXmgnÂ (Employment)

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI{µw (State Level Apex Centre on Intellectual Challenges)

kmaq-ly kp-c£ (Social Security)

]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw (Rehabilitation Village)

\mj-WÂ C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v Fwt¹m-bvsaâv Bâv s{Sbn-\nwKv(National Institute of Employment & Training)

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[n-X-ta-J-e-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw (Endosulphan Affected Area and Intellectually Challenged)

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmkwþB-[p-\nI temIm-\p- -h-§fpw C´y³ Ah-Ø-bpw. (Rehabilitation of Persons with Intellectual Challenges-Modern Global Experiences and Indian Context)

Fw.-sI.-P-b-cmPv GImw-K-I-½o-j³ ip]mÀi-IÄ (M.K.Jayaraj Commissions Recommendations)

A\p-_Ôw

t^mt«m, ]{X-hmÀ¯-IÄ

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Bap-Jw.tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v ka{K ]

T\w \S¯n Hcp dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n-¡m³ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ GÂ¸n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ GImwK

I½o-j-s\¶ Cu kp{]-[m\ \ntbm-Kw, Akp-e- -amb Hcp _lp-a-Xn-bn-ep-]cn Gsd

D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-apÅ ZuXy-am-Wv. cv ]Xn-äm-n-e-[n-I-ambn _p²n-]-chpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb ]

cn-an-Xn-IÄ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ CS-s]«v {]hÀ¯n-

¡p-hm³Ignª Hcp hyàn F¶ \ne-bnÂ Cu Ah-kcw XoÀ -bmbpw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb

Hcp \ntbm-K-ambn IcpXp-¶p. hfsc hn]p-e-amb {]iv\-§Ä \ne-\nÂ¡p¶, s]mXp-

P\{i² Gsd-sbm¶pw e`y-am-bn-«n-Ãm¯ hen-sbmcp taJ-e, kmaq-ly-ambn A[n-I-

sam¶pw CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dm-Im¯ Hcp cwKw, ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p¶ P\-hn-`mKw

F¶n§s\ ]d-ªmÂ t]mepw, Cu taJ-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s -«-hÀ A\p- -hn-¡p¶

PohnX A\n-Ýn-X-¯zhpw Xo£vWm-\p- -h-§-fpw- H¶pw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m-\m-hm-¯{X ZpÀ{K-

l-X..... kzmh-t_m-[-t¯msS Bh-iy-§Ä D¶-bn-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ \nkz-cmb Hcp P\-

hn-`m-K-¯n\v kmaq-ly-ambn \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« \oXn Dd-¸p-\ÂIp-hm-\pÅ DZy-aw... Pm{K-

Xbpw kq£va-Xbpw Gtd Bh-iy-ap-Å, Btcm-Kyþ hnZym-`ym-kþ kmaq-lyþ km¼-¯n-

Iþ kmwkvIm-cn-Iþ cmjv{Sob {]iv\-§Ä DÅ-S-§nb am\-hn-I-X-bpsS sshIm-cnI

kwLÀj-§Ä sI«p-]n-W-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ taJ-e.... ]T\w \S¯n dnt¸mÀ«v \evIp-hm³

apXn-cp-t¼mÄ, hnj-b-§-fpsS ssh]p-eyw, Kuc-hw, am\-hn-IX-tbmSv ]peÀt¯

IcpXÂ, D -c-hm-Zn-Xzw, BÀÖ-hw.... FÃmw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ. Bcp-sam¶v

kvX_v[-cmhpw! tIc-f-¯nÂ At§m-f-an-t§mfw bm{X-sN-bvXv, 14 PnÃ-I-fnÂ\n-¶mbn

ap -Xn-\m-bn-c-t¯mfw t]sc t\cn-«p-I-v, Ggm-bn-c-t¯mfw tcJ-IÄ kzoI-cn¨v kaq-ly þ

cmjv{Sob þ kmwkvIm-cnI t\Xm-¡-fpsSbpw P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sSbpw Cu taJ-bnÂ

{]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ A\p- -h-Ø-cp-sSbpw A`n-{]m-b-§fpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw Biw-k-Ifpw

A\p-{K-l-§fpsams¡ kzoIn-cn-¨v, Cu dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, BZyw

A\p- -h-s¸« BÝcyw `bs¸-Sp-¯p¶ Hcp sR«-embn amdp¶p! ImkÀtKmUv

apXÂ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw hsc-bpÅ {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ h¨v \S-¯nb P\-Iob knänwKp-IÄ

t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯nb hkvXpX, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ DÄs¸-Sp¶

IpSpw-_-§Ä s]mXp Pohn-X-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bnÂ \n¶pw ]qÀ®-ambpw A\y-hÂ¡-cn-

3

¡-s¸-«v, ]nSn¨p \nÂ¡m-\m-hm¯ hn[w \nÊlm-bX A\p- -hn-¨p-h-cp¶p F¶Xm-Wv.

tIcfw t]mse, B[p-\nIhÂ¡-cn-¡-s¸« Hcp kaq-l-¯nÂ, \nXm- -amb \ncmh--ew-_-

X A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Hcp P\-Xsb ]cn-K-Wn-¡p¶hn[w \-½psS kmaq-ln-Im-h-t_m[w

C\nbpw hnI-kz-c-am-bn-«n-sÃ-¶Xv AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯pw. Hcp P\-X, C{X-tbsd {]iv\k-

¦oÀ®-amb kml-N-cy-¯nÂ kz´w Pohn-X-¯nsâ ap¼nÂ ]I-¨p-\nÂ¡p-t¼mÄ {Iqc-

amb Hcp \nÊw-K-X-tbm-sS, Gsd ]cn-jvIr-X-sa-¶-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶ Hcp P\-X-bm-bn«pw

tIc-f- n-s\-§s\ kzmØy-a-\p- -hn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶p? tIc-f-¯nsâ \thm°m\

kwkvIrXn temI-¯nsâ kPoh {i² ]nSn-¨p-]-äm-\p-X-Ip¶ Ht«sd t\«-§Ä

\ap¡v ]IÀ¶p X¶psh¦n-epw, AXn-\n-S-bn-se-hn-sS-tbm, AÔ-Imc PSn-e-amb Xtam-X-

e-§-fnÂ, \½psS kl-Po-hn-IÄ ssIIm-en-«-Sn-¡p-¶-Xv, \mw ImWm-sX-t]m-bn. \nkz-

cmb Hcp P\-X-bpsS lrZ-b-t -Z-I-amb tcmZ\w ImWm-sXbpw tIÄ¡m-sXbpw F{X-

Xs¶ apt¶m«v t]mbn F¶-h-Im-i-s¸-«m-epw, AsXmcp ]ptcm-K-a\a-Ã. Bh-iym-h-Im-

i-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-hm-§m³ IgnhnÃm-¯, hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-Kw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-

fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, \½psS hnI-k\ {]N-WvU-{]-tLm-j-§-fpsS \ng-ep-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ,

Ccp-«nÂ F§s\ AI-s¸«p, F¶v \b-cq-]o-I-c-W-IÀ¯m-¡Ä C\n-sb-¦nepw DWÀ¶v

Nn -n¡-Ww. Ah-K-W-\-bpsS Ae-I-S-enÂ, \nkz-cmb Hcp P\-X-sb, Dt]-£n¨v

apt¶m-«v F¶v ]d-b-s -Sp¶ Hmtcm ImÂshbv¸pw AÀ°-c-ln-X-am-sW-¶v, A -Êmc

iq\y-am-sW-¶v, C\n-sb-¦nepw Ipä-t_m-[-t¯m-sS, ]Ým-¯m-]-t¯msS \ap¡v k½-Xn-

¡-Ww.

]hn-{Xhpw ]mh-\-hp-amb Hcp [À½-amWv Cu dnt¸mÀ«v tIc-f-N-cn-{X-¯nÂ

\nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xv. {]mÀ°-\-tbmsS \nÀÆ-ln-t¡ Hcp bÚw. Hcm-bncw {]Xo-£-IÄ

Bcn-sem-s¡tbm Pzen-¨p-\n-ev¡p-¶p-sh-¶-dn-bp-t¼mÄ, Ah-cpsS {]Xo-£-I-tfmSv

\oXn ]peÀ¯m-\m-bn-sÃ-¦ntem F¶ Bi-¦, DXvI-WvT, Aim´n..... �ss[cy-ambn

apt¶m-«p-t]m-Iq.�.... F¶v Ft¸mgpw t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶, {]tNm-Zn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp hnkvab

km¶n-[y-ap-v. Ae-km-h-Ø-Isf Bthiw ]IÀ¶v apt¶m«v \bn-¡p¶ kPoh

km¶n[yw.. Cu GImwK I½o-j-s\¶ Bi-b-s¯, bmYmÀ°-y hÂ¡-cn-¨, k^-eo-I-

cn¨ hyàn-Xzw. kwip-²-amb s]mXp-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ Hu¶y-Xy-¯n\v Ae-¦m-c-ambn

hÀ¯n-¡p¶ amXr-Im-t\-Xr-Xzw. {io. hn. Fw. kp[o-c-sâ ]n´p-Wbpw At±lw ]

4

peÀ¯nb hnj-b-t¯m-SpÅ kXyk-Ô-amb B`n-ap-Jyhpw e£yw ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-

hscbpÅ Pm{K-X-tbm-sS-bpÅ A\p-[m-h-\hpw Gsd klm-b-I-c-am-bn. At±-l-

¯nsâ kPoh CS-s]-SÂ CÃm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ C§s\ H¶pw kw -hn-¡n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.

Cu I½o-jsâ ZuXyw k -e-am-Ip-t¼mÄ, tIcf Pohn-X-¯nsâ Hmc-§-fnÂ, Pohn-Xs¯

Hcp Zpc-´-ambn XÅn-\o-¡p¶ \nkz-cmb Hcp P\-X, IrX-Ú-Xm-\nÀ -c-amb

{]mÀ°-\-tbmsS HmÀ¡p¶ Hcp \ma-t[-b-amhpw {io. hn.-Fw. kp[o-c³.

{io. hn.-Fw. kp[o-c³ ]s¦-Sp¯, kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-tä-gvknsâ Hcp tbmK-

¯nÂsh¨v Bhn-jvIr-X-amb Hcp Xncn shfn- -am-bn-cp-¶p, GImwK I½o-js\ \nb-an¨v

Cu taJe A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä¡v Xma-kw-hn\m ]cn-lm-c-ap-m-¡-W-sa¶

Bi-bw. _lp-am-\s¸« apJy-a{ń {io. D½³Nm-n-bp-sSbpw hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v a{ń

{io. ]n.sI A_v±p-d-ºn-sâbpw kPoh {i²-bnÂ, hnjbw At±lw Hcp I¯n-eqsS

F¯n-¡p-I-bpw, AtX -Xp-SÀ¶v GImwK I½o-js\ kÀ¡mÀ Hcp D -c-hn-eqsS \nb-an-

¡p-I-bp-amWv Dm-b-Xv. C{]-Imcw I½o-js\ \nb-an-¡m³ X¿m-dmb _lp. apJy-a-{ń-

tbmSpw _lp hnZym-`ymk a{ń-tbmSpw AXn-bmb \µn tcJ-s -Sp-¯p-¶p.

tIc-f- nse 14 PnÃ-I-fn-sebpw {]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v F¯n-t -cm-hp¶ Xc-

¯nÂ 10 PnÃm tI{µ-§-fn-em-bn, hn]p-e-amb kwhn-[m-\-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv, I½o-j³

knänwKp-I-tfm-tcm¶pw \S-¯n-b-Xv. ]T-\-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bn³ hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hn`m-K-§-fm-b,. -_p-²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,

_lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶o {]iv\-§-fmWv I½o-

j³ {][m-\-ambpw ]cn-K-Wn- -Xv. Cu hn`m-K-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\-§-fnÂ, t\c-s -

bpÅ Xncn- -dn-bÂ (Early Diagnosis), t\c-s -bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention), khn-

tij hnZym-`ymkw (Special Education), sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w (Vocational Training), sXmgnÂ

(Employment), kmaq-ly-þIp-Spw_ PohnXw F¶nh khn-ti-j-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¨m-Wv,

ip]mÀi-IÄ X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xv.

Pohn-X-¯nÂ FÃm Xpd-bnepws]«-hÀ kÀÆm-ß\m I½o-j³ {]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ

{Inbm-ß-I-ambn kl-I-cn-¨p. a{ń-amÀ, Fw. ]n. amÀ, Fw. FÂ. F. amÀ, tImÀ]-td-

j³-þ-ap³kn-¸Âþ {XnXe ]©m-b¯v Øm]-\-§-fnse A²y-£-·mÀ, sa¼ÀamÀ, kmaq-

ln-I-þ-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-þ-aX \mb-IÀ XpS§n FÃm-hcpw Bth-i-]qÀÆw ]s¦-Sp-¯p.

5

tIc-f- nse F«v e£-¯n-e-[nIw hcp¶ IpSpw-_-§sf \oän-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶, ASn-b-´nc

{]m[m\yw AÀln-¡p¶ PohnX {]iv\w, tIc-f-¯nse P\-kw-Jy-bnÂ Ac-t¡m-Sn-sb-

¦nepw hcp¶ P\-hn-`m-K- nsâ {]iv\w, ]cn-lm-c-§-sfm¶pw \nÀt±-in-¡m-\n-ÃmsX A

´n¨p \nev¡p-I-bm-Wv, kaq-lw. kmaq-ly-{i² e`y-am-Im-sX, cmjv{Sob `c-W-IqS hn`m-

K-§-fpsS ap³K-W-\m-hn-j-b-a-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ {]iv\-s¯ Gsä-Sp-¡m³ k¶-²-am-sW¶ Hcp

sFIy-ZmÀVyw, Cu {]iv\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-h-tcm-Sv, c£n-Xm-¡-tfm-Sv, Cu taJ-e-

bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡m-tcm-Sv, {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶-t]m-se-bmbn tIc-f-¯nse 10

tI{µ-§-fnÂ \S¶ knänwKp-IÄ. BZy-am-bn, s]mXp kaq-ls¯ apgp-h³ sXm«p-X-gp-

Ip-¶-hn[w Hcp Ne-\m-ß-IX krjvSn-¡p-hm³ knänwKp-IÄ¡v Ign-ªp F¶mWv Fsâ

hnizm-kw.

tIc-f- nÂ, _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ {]iv\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ap¼v h¶ cv {][m-\-

s¸« tcJ-I-fm-Wv, ap³ Fw.-FÂ.-F. {ioaXn sI.-sI. ssieP So¨À sNbÀt]-

gvk-\mb \nb-k-`m-I-½än dnt¸mÀ«pw ap³ F.Un.]n.-sF. {ioaXn sP. _o\ sNbÀt]-

gvk-\mb hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ I½-än- dnt¸mÀ«pw. cv I½-än-Ifpw hnes¸« ip]mÀi-

Ifpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw kÀ¡m-cn\v ap¼v \ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p.

kÀ¡m-cn\v kaÀ¸n-¡p¶ Cu dnt¸mÀ«v ka-{KXtbmSpw ZoÀL-Zr-jvSn-tbm-Spw

IqSn X¿m-dm-¡-W-sa¶v CXp-ambn _Ô-s -«-hÀs¡Ãmw B{K-l-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\m-

bn, temI-¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK-§-fnÂ CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« GsX-¦nepw A\p-I-c-Wob

amXr-I-IÄ Dtm F¶v At\z-jn-¡p-I-bp-mbn. AtXm-sSm¸w cmPy-¯v, aäv kwØm-\-§-

fnse ØnXnbpw ]cn-tim-[n-¨p. cmPy¯v Cu taJ-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« FÃm hnZKv²-

cp-ambpw _Ô-s¸-«p, ]ecpw Zbm-]qÀÆw {Inbm-ß-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¨p. tIc-f- nse

s]mXp kaq-l-s¯, I½o-j³ {]hÀ¯\hpambn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-am-bn,

Fw. FÂ. F. amÀ, Fw. ]n. amÀ, DtZym-K-ØÀ, kmaqly {]hÀ -IÀ, aäv hnZ-Kv²À

XpS§n FÃm-h-cp-tSbpw \nÀt±-i-§Ä £Wn-¨p.

sshZy-imkv{X kw_-Ô-amb CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-

h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-bsb GsX-Ãmw- km-[y-X-I-fn-eqsS D]-bp-à-am-¡m-sa¶v

saUn-¡Â taJ-e-bnse AXn-hn-Z-Kv²-cp-am-bn-«pÅ Iq-Sn-Im-gvN-bn-eqsS Dcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h-

¶p. CXn-\mbn _mwKvfqÀ \nwlm³knse tUm. kXojv N{µ Kncn-am-Pn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-

6

¯nÂ inev]-ime \S-¯n. tUm. sI. F. IpamÀ, tUm. Fw.-sI.-kn. \mbÀ, tUm.

^nen¸v tPm¬, tUm. A\nÂ {]`m-IÀ, tUm. kp[oÀIp-amÀ, tUm. tagvkn tPmbv

sk_m-Ìy³, tUm. Fen-k-_¯v F¶n-hsc ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v cv inev]-im-e-IÄ Xncp-h-\-

-]pcw saUn-¡Â tImtf-PnÂ h¨v \S-¯n. _mwKvfqÀ \nwlm³kv, shÃpÀ kn. Fw.

kn., ssNÂUv Uh-e-¸vsaâv skâÀ, \mj-WÂ C³Ìn-äyq-«p-IÄ, hnhn[ bqWn-th-gvkn-

än-IÄ F¶o t{kmX-Êp-I-fnÂ \ns¶Ãmw hnes¸« \nÀt±-i-§Ä e`y-am-bn. B[n-Im-cn-I-

amb hni-Zmw-i-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, AXn-hn-Z-Kv²-cmb {]ap-Jsc ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v cv

inev]-im-e-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, hnZ-Kv²-amb \nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v

ap³\n¶v BßmÀ°-ambn {]hÀ¯n- -Xn\pw, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pnse

ssk¡m{Sn Un¸mÀ«vsaâv s{]m^-kÀ tUm. Sn.-hn. A\nÂIp-amÀ \nÀÆ-ln¨ AXp-ey-

amb tkh-\- n\v BZ-c-thmsS IrÚX tcJ-s¸Sp¯p¶p.

]mÀiz-hÂ¡-cn-¡-s¸« P\-hn-`m-K-§-sfbmsI-¯s¶ sImSnb Nqj-W-§Ä¡v

hnt[-b-am-¡n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ ka-Im-enI PohnX kml-Ncy-¯nÂ, {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-

t]mepw km[y-X-bn-Ãm¯ akvXnjvI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Ah-Im-i-

þ-\oXn \ntj-[-§-fpsS A\p- -h-§Ä Hcp XpSÀ ]c-¼-c-bm-Wv. B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw \nb-a-

§-fp-sam-s¡, Ht«-sd-bp-v. ]t£, Ah-Im-i-§fpw \oXn-bp-sam¶pw Ch-cpsS PohnX ]

cn-k-c-§-fn-sem¶pw Zriy-a-Ã. \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ \oXnbpw Ah-Im-i-§-fp-sams¡ shÃp-

hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ahsc ]cn-c-£n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-saÃmw A\p-`hthZy-am-¡m³

Fs´ms¡ kao-]-\-§Ä, ap³I-cp-X-ep-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶ Nn´-bnÂ\n-¶m-Wv, \nb-

a-Ú-tcbpw \nba hnZ-Kv²-tc-bpw- FÃmw DÄs¸-Sp¯n Fd-Wm-Ipfw ssh. Fw. kn. F.

bnÂ sh¨v Hcp IqSn-¡mgvN \S-¯n-b-Xv. kam-Z-c-Wo-b-\mb PÌvkv hn. BÀ. IrjvW-

¿-cpsS A\p-{K-lm-iw-k-I-tfmsS {io. hn. Fw. kp[o-csâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ kwL-Sn-¸n¨

{]kvXpX ]cn-]m-Sn-bnÂ \n¶pw hne-s¸« \nÀt±-i-§Ä I½o-j\v e`y-am-bn. PÌnkv

sI. kpIp-am-c³, PÌnkv jwkp-±o³, PÌnkv cma-N-{µ³ XpS-§nb \nb-a-Úcpw tIc-

f-¯nse kap-¶-X-cmb A`n-`m-j-Icmb AUz. inh³ aT-¯nÂ, AUz.-Un-täm, AUz.

tdmbn Nmt¡m XpS-§n-b-hÀ F¶n-hÀ NÀ -bnÂ ]¦m-fn-I-fm-bn. \nb-a-]-chpw Ah-

Imi kw_-Ô-hp-amb hnj-b-§-fn-eq¶n Gsd Kuc-h-t¯msS C\nbpw Cu NÀ¨ tIc-

f-¯nÂ apt¶m«p sImp-t]m-tI--Xp-v. C -c-samcp ]cn-]mSn Fd-Wm-Ipfw tI{µn-I-cn¨v

7

kwL-Sn-¸n-¡m³ kaÀ¸W a\-tÊmsS k¶-²-amb tIc-f-¯nse ]cn-W-X-{]-Ú-bmb

kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-äÀ {ioaXn kpioemIpcy- -t\m-SpÅ IS-¸mSv BZ-c-thmsS tcJ-s -

Sp-¯p-¶p.

ImkÀtImSv PnÃ-bnse F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnepw sam{KmÂ ]

p¯qÀ ]©m-b-¯nepw sh¨v \S-¯nb knän-§p-IÄ A\n-Xc km[m-c-Whpw Ahn-kva-

c-Wo-b-hp-amb A\p- -h-§-fmWv ]IÀ¶p X¶-Xv. _lp-am-\-s¸-« ImkÀtImSv Fw.-]n.,

{io. ]n. Icp-Wm-I-c³ DZvLm-S\w sNbvX ]cn-]m-Sn-bnÂ ImkÀtKmUv Fw.-FÂ.-F. {io.

F³.-F. s\Ãn-¡p¶v A[y-£-\m-bn-cp-¶p. kÀÆ{io hn. Fw. kp[o-c³-, {io. C. N{µ-ti-

J-c³ Fw.-FÂ.-F., \K-c-k`m sNbÀam³ {io. Sn.- C. A_vZpÅ, tNÀ¡pfw A_vZpÅ,

PnÃm ]©m-b¯v {]kn-Uâv {ioaXn ]n.-]n. iyma-fm-tZhn F¶n-hÀ ]s¦-Sp-¯p.

ImkÀtIms« knänwKv \Ã-co-Xn-bnÂ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v ap¶n«v \n¶v

{]hÀ¯n¨ {io. ]n.- Fw. sI. kndm-Pv, {io. sI. _n. apl-½Zv Ipªn, U]yq-«n-I-f-IvSÀ

{io kp[oÀ_m-_p sF.-F.FÊv, PnÃm-I-f-IvSÀ {io apl-½Zv kKoÀ sF.-F. FÊv, s{]m.

Fw.-F. dlvam³- XpS-§nbh-tcm-SpÅ IS-¸mSv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. sam{KmÂ]p-¯qÀ ]

©m-b-¯nÂ sh¨v \S-¯nb khn-tij knän§v henb ]mT-§-fmWv I½o-j\v ]IÀ¶p

\ÂIn-b-Xv. Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS kwLm-S-IÀ, dntkm-gvkv A[ym-]-I³ IqSn-bmb {io.

cma-Ir-jvW\pw {io. amln³ Ip¶¯pw kl-{]-hÀ -I-cp-am-Wv. AhtcmSpw kl-{]-

hÀ -I-tcmSpw IrX-ÚX Adn-bn-¡p-¶p.

I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-§sf kÀÆm-ß\m lrZ-b-¯nÂ Gsä-Sp¯v {]hÀ¯n¨

XymK a\-kvI-cmb Hmt«sd hyàn-Ifpw Øm]-\-§fpw kwL-S-\-I-fp-ap- v. Ah-sc-

sbms¡ BZ-c-]qÀÆw A\p-kva-cn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, I®qÀ knänw-KnÂ t\XrXzw

sImSp- - {ioaXn {ioP sI, {ioaXn KoX hÂk-cmPv, AUz. PaoÂ Al-½-Zv, {io. Icp-

Wm-I-c³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänwKnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ _lp. {Kma-hn-I-k\ hIp-¸p-a{´n {io.

sI.-kn. tPmk-^v, {io. k®n-tPm-k^v Fw.-FÂ.-F., ap\n-kn-¸Â sNbÀ t]gvk¬

{ioaXn {ioP Fw. sI., {ioaXn ssie-P. {io. sI.- c-ho-{µ³, {io. ]n.-Un. al-aq-Zv, {ioaXn

kn. ko\¯v F¶n-hÀ¡pw XrÈqÀ ]me-¡mSv PnÃ-Isf DÄs]-Sp-¯n-bpÅ XrÈqÀ knänw-

Kn\v t\XrXzw sImSp¯ {ioaXn cmP-e-£van-¡pw, {ioaXn im´m-ta-t\m\pw knänw-

KnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ {io. Fw.-]n. t]mÄ (ap-\n-kn-¸Â sNbÀam³), AUz. tXd-¼nÂ cma-Ir-

8

jvW³ Fw.-FÂ.-F., {io Aºm-kv, {io kndmPv sImSp-h-bqÀ, {io. JmZÀ sambvXo³,

{io. sI. cm[m-Ir-jvW³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw tImgn-t¡mSv knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw sImSp¯ {io.

kndm-Pv, {io a³kqÀ, {io {]`m-I-c³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-KnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ tUm. Ipª-

l-½-Zv Ip«n, {io. kn. tambn³Ip«n Fw.-FÂ.-F., {io. hn.-Fw. D½À amÌÀ Fw.-FÂ.-F.,

^m. tPmÀÖv Ggm-\n-¡m-Sv, {io kn.-sI. A_v±p-k-emw, {io. sI. Fw. D½À tIcf

sÛ-td-j³ t^mÀ Zn _vssfâv kwØm\ {]kn-Uâv {io. -kn.-sI. A_q-_-¡À F¶n-

hÀ¡pw Fd-Wm-Ipfw knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw sImSp¯ {ioaXn kpioem Ipcy-¨\pw knänw-

KnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ {io. sP. D½³, sIm¨n tImÀ]-td-j³ tabÀ, {io. tSmWn N½n-Wn,

s{]m. Fw.-sI. km\p, {io Fkv. iÀa Fw. FÂ F., {io s_¶n _l-¶m³ Fw. FÂ.

F., {ioaXn tacn A\n-X, {io apl-½Zv Aen, AUz. kÔy, {io. sI.-Fw. tdmbn F¶n-

hÀ¡pw tIm«bw knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂInb ^m.- tdmbn I®³Nn-d, {_. AK-Ìn³

t]mf-bnÂ F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-KnÂ ]s¦Sp¯ {io tam³kv tPmk^v Fw. FÂ.F.,

tUm. F³. PbcmPv Fw. FÂ. F, tUm. ]n.-F-Êv. kpIp-am-c³, dh. tUm. amWn ]

pXn-bn-Sw, {ioaXn A¶½ tP¡-_v, tUm. Ipcym-t¡mkv tImÀ F¸n-kvt¡m¸ aqe-bnÂ,

kn. dmWn tPm, kn. skeo\ tPmbn, {io. sPbvtam³ F¶n-hÀ¡pw Be-¸pg knänw-

Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂInb {ioaXn Paoe ]n. Fkv, kn. enÊm tPmÀÖv, dh, kPn

t__n F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-KnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ {ioaXn tagvkn Ubm-\, {io. Pn. kp[m-I-

c³ Fw.-GÂ. F., ssdäv dh. tUm. Ìo^³ A¯n-s¸m-gn-bnÂ, {io F.-F. jp¡qÀ, {io.

{ioIp-amÀ F¶n-hÀ¡pw- CSp-¡n-bnse knänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b- knÌÀ FÂkm-

tSm-an\pw knänw-KnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ {io. sI.-sI. Pb- -{µ³ Fw.-FÂ.-F., {ioaXn kp\nX

Ipª-¨³, ^m. tPmbn s\c-t¸Â, {io. tam\n-¨³, {io. Kocojv amen-bnÂ, {io. t__n-

¨³ tXma-kv, tkmWn-b-tamÄ, {io. kpKp, kn. Pm³kn F¶n-hÀ¡pw sImÃw knänw-

Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂInb {io. F³. Xpf-ko-[-c³ ]nÅ, {io. hÀ¤okv F{_lmw F¶n-

hÀ¡pw knänw-KnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯ _lp sXmgnÂ ]p\-c-[n-hmk a{ń {io. jn_p t__n-

tPm-Wn\pw {io. ]n. sI. Kpcp-Zm-k³ Fw.-FÂ.-F. bv¡pw {io. Un. tP¡-ºv, {io kmw

F{_-lmw, {io. kn.-sI. cmP³, {io. sP. tKm]n-\m-Y-]n-Å, dh. tP¡ºv hÀ¤okv XpS-

§n-b-hÀ¡pw Xncp-h-\- -]pcwknänw-Kn\v t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b- {ioaXn _o\ BÀ, {io.

inh-ssI-emkv F¶n-hÀ¡pw knänw-KnÂ ]s¦Sp¯ _lp. Btcm-Ky-a{ń {io. hn.

9

Fkv. inh-Ip-am-dn\pw _lp. tabÀ AUz. sI. N{µn-Ibv¡pw _lp PnÃm-]-©m-b¯v

{]kn-Uâv {inaXn caWn ]n. \mbÀ¡pw {io. hn.-Fw. kp[o-c³, _nj¸v K{_n-bÂ amÀ

{KntKm-dn-b-kn\pw ]mfbw Camw Pam-ep-±o³ a¦-Sbv¡pw kzman AizXn Xncp-\mÄ

AhÀIÄ¡pw Untk-_n-enän I½o-j-WÀ tUm. F³. Al-½-Zv]n-Åbv¡pw tUm.

cmPw ]n. BÀ. Fkv. ]nÅbv¡pw tUm. ao\bv¡pw {io. Pn.-hn. lcn, ^m. tXmakv

sên-Ivkv, {inaXn Sn. X¦-a-Wn, {io. F³. ]ß-Ip-amÀ, F¶n-hÀ¡pw IrX-RvPX tcJ-

s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§fpw I½o-

jsâ {]hÀ -\-§-fp-sams¡ AXn-\n-sS, \nb-a-k- -bnÂ {i²-£-Wn-¡Â {]ta-b-ambn

AXn-i-à-ambn apg-¡p-Ibpw AXn-\mbn {]b-Xv\n¡pI-bpw sNbvX _lp-am-\ycmb

Fw. FÂ. F. amÀ, kÀÆ{io tUm. F³. Pb-cm-Pv, {io. ]n.sI. Kpcp-Zm-k³, {io. jwkp-

±o³ Fw., {io. Ff-acw Icnw, {io. kn. tambn³Ip-«n, {io. _n. kXy³, {io. Sn.-F³.

{]Xm-]³ XpS-§n-b-h-tcm-SpÅ IS-¸mSv BZ-c-]qÀÆw ChnsS tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-

¡m³ Hcp I½o-js\ \nb-an-¡p-I-sb¶ Ncn-{X-]-c-amb ZuXyw Gsä-Sp-¡pI-sb-¶-Xv,

Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp `cW \S-]-Sn-bm-Wv. tIc-f-¯nse ap³ hnZym-`ymk hIp¸p

a{ń _lp-am-\y-\mb {io C.-Sn. apl-½Zv _joÀ Fw. ]n. Cu `cW \S-]-Snsb hnti-jn-

¸n- -Xv, Ncn-{X-]cw F¶m-Wv. AXn-ep-]cn _lp-am-\-s¸« hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v a{ń

{io. ]n.-sI. A_v±p-dºv IqSn ]s¦-Sp¯ Hcp s]mXp thZn-bnÂ {io C.-Sn. apl-½Zv

_joÀ ]d-ª-Xv, �I½o-j³ dnt¸mÀ«v \S-¸m-¡m-\pÅ Ah-kcw kn²n¨XneqsS hnZym-

`ymk a{ń F¶ \ne-bnÂ {io. ]n. sI. A_v±p-dºv tIc-f-¯nse hnZym-`ymk Ncn-{X-

¯nÂ khn-tij Øm\w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ t]mhp-I-bmWv� F¶m-Wv. Cu GImwK

I½o-js\ C -c-samcp D -c-hm-ZnXzw GÂ¸n-¡m³ _lp-am-\-s¸« hnZym-`ymk hIp¸p

a{ń {]I-Sn-¸n¨ hnizm-k-¯n\v ap¶nÂ BZ-c-]qÀÆw incÊv \an-¡p-¶p. hnZym-`ymk

hIp¸pa{ń-bpsS ss{]häv sk{I-«dn {io. hn. ]n. A_v±pÄ dkm¡v kmdn-t\m-SpÅ

Fsâ hyàn-]-c-amb IS-¸mSv tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. AtXm-sSm-¸w, hnZym-`ymk a{ń-bpsS

Hmô-knse {io. kn.-]n. sNdnb apl-½-Zv, {io. ssk\p-em-_v±o³, {io. Aen-¡p«n XpS-§n-

10

b-h-tcmSpw hnZym-`ymk AÀ sk{I-«dn {io. _n. a[p-kq-Z-\³\mb-tcm-Sp-sam-s¡-bp-apÅ

IS-¸mSv \µn-]qÀÆw kvacn-¡p-¶p.

Xncp-h-\- -]pcw kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v

t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUnse {]n³kn-¸mÄ F¶ \ne-bv¡pÅ A[nI Npa-X-e-bmWv

GImwK I½o-j³ F¶ Cu \ntbm-Kw. I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v t\Xr-Xz-]-c-amb

amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \evIn, Cu ZuXy-¯nsâ ]hn-{XX t_m[y-s¸«v FÃm klmb kl-

I-c-W-§fpw \ÂInb Fkv. sF. Fw. kn. AUvan-\n-kvt{S-äohv Hm^o-kÀ {io. Fw. apl-

½-Zn-t\mSpÅ hyàn-]-c-amb IrX-ÚX Adn-bn-¡p-¶p. AtXm-sSm-¸w Fkv. sF. Fw.

kn. bnse Fsâ kl-{]-hÀ -Icmb Hmtcm-cp- -tcmSpw {]tXy-In¨v kvs]jyÂ

FUyq-t¡-j³ eIv -dÀ {ioaXn cm[n-I, sskt¡m-fPn eIvN-dÀ {ioaXn Ako\

A[ym-]n-I-am-cmb knav\, {]hnX F¶n-h-tcmSpw {io. F{_-lmw {io. cXojv BÀ \mbÀ

F¶n-htcmSpw \µn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

Cu I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS Bkq-{X-W- n\pw \S-¯n-¸n-ep-sam-s¡,

Akm-am-\y-amb kaÀ -W-a-\-tÊmsS ]qÀ®-ambpw CgpIn-t¨À¶v {]hÀ¯n¨ cv hyàn-

I-tfm-SpÅ Fsâ IS-¸mSpw BZ-chpw hm¡p-I-fnÂ {]I-S-am-¡m-\m-hm- -Xm-Wv. 10

PnÃm BØm-\-§-fn-em-bn, ap¸-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw, {]iv\§Ät\-cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ ]

s¦-Sp¯ knänwKp-IÄ, Ggm-bn-c-¯n-e-[nIw tcJ-IÄ CsX-Ãmw, kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v

A\ym-Zr-i-amb ]mS-h-t¯msS kpkw-L-Sn-X-ambn tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw Hmtcm tcJ-Ifpw

hmbn-¡p-I-bp-sams¡ sN¿pI F¶ shÃp-hnfn Gsä-Sp-¡m-\pÅ a\-Êp-m-hp-I-sb-¶Xv

Akm-[m-c-W-am-b, AZv`p-X-I-camb Imcy-am-Wv. kq£vam-h-t_m-[-t¯msS FÃm-än\pw

t\XrXzw \evInb {ioaXn tam¯n sI. l_n-_v, {io. _n. kp[ojv F¶o I½o-j³

Ìm^w-K-§-fpsS ]n´p-Wbpw ]¦m-fn-Xz-hp-sams¡ kvt\l-t¯msS AXn-tesd BZ-c-

thm-sS, tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.

tIhew BI-k-van-I-sa¶v Icp-Xm-\m-hm- -hn[w Akm-[m-c-W-amb kaÀ¸W

t_m[-t¯m-sS, I½o-j\v e`n¨ tcJ-IÄ imkv{Xo-b-am-bn, ]c-ntim-[n-¨v, I½o-j³

{]hÀ -\-¯n\v am{X-ambn Hcp tkm^väv-sh-bÀ cq]-s -Sp-¯n, AXnÂ Hmtcm

Umäbpw tcJ-s -Sp-¯n, hnhn[ Xc-¯nepw Xe-¯nepw Kth-jW kmaÀ°y-t¯msS

\nÀ²m-cWw sN¿m³ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-¡n-b-Xv, Fsâ _lp-am-\y kplr¯pw sF.-Iyq.

11

tkm^väv shbÀ I¼\n DS-a-bp-amb {io kp[oÀ ià-\m-Wv. {io. kp[oÀ ià-\pw,

At±-l-¯nsâ kl-{]-hÀ -Icpw {]I-Sn-¸n¨ tkh-t\m-Zm-c-X, A\ym-Zr-i-am-Wv.

Ahtcm-SpÅ kvt\lhpw IS-¸mSpw BZ-c-]qÀÆw tcJ-s¸-Sp¯m³ I½o-j³ _m[y-Ø-

am-Wv.

ap³\n-c-bn-sem¶pw ImWm-¯, F¶mÂ ]n³\n-c-bnÂ Pm{K-X-tbm-sS, \nco-£-W-

t¯msS I½o-j-s\m¸w \ne-\n¶ Nne Akm-[m-cW km¶n-[y-§-fp- v. Ah-cmWv

s{]m. ]n. Pb- -{µ³ (sN-ss¶), {io. kn.sI A_q-_-¡À, {io. A_vZpÄ Icow, {io.

apl-½Zv ^ntdm-kv, {in kndm-Pv, {io {]`m-I-c³, {io. a³kqÀ, {io d^o-Jv, --þþ-þ-þ- XpS-§n-b-

hÀ. ChÀ¡v lrZ-b-¯nsâ ASn- -«nÂ\n-¶pÅ kvt\lw tcJ-s -Sp-¯p-¶p.

Fsâ \nc- -c-amb Akm-¶n-²y-§sf a\-kvXm-]-an-ÃmsX kln-¨p, F¶n«pw

Fs¶ t{]mÂkm-ln-¸n¨ Fsâ `mcy sUbvkn-tbmSpw aIÄ X]-ky-tbmSpw Rm³ IS-

s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p.

Fw.-sI. Pb-cmPv

(GImwK I½o-j³)

12

A²ym-bw-þ1

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ þ ASn-Øm\ hnh-c-§Ä(Basic Information)

GImwK I½o-jsâ ]T\ ]cn-[n-bnÂ hcp-¶Xv tIcf kaq-l-¯nÂ CXp-

h-scbpw Gsd-sbm¶pw s]mXp-P\ {i²-bnÂ hcm¯ hn`m-K-§-fm-Wv. imco-cn-Ihpw

am\-kn-I-hp-amb hyXy-Ø-Xcw sshI-ey-§Ä A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ hen-sbmcp hn`mKw

P\-§Ä \ap¡v Npäp-ap-v. BsI hnI-emw-K-cpsS km¶n-²y-w kaq-l-¯nÂ 7 iX-am-\-

¯n\pw 10 iX-am-\-¯n\pw CS-bn-emWv. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-

¶-hÀ Ch-cnÂ 3 iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw hcpw. AÔÀ, _[n-cÀ, AØn-þ-N-e\ sshI-ey-

§Ä XpS-§n imcocnI sshIeyw t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, kmaq-ly-ambn s]mXpth Zriy-cm-Wv.

kaq-l-¯nÂ s]mXpth {]I-S-amb km¶n-[y-amWv Cu hn`m-K-§-sfÃmw F¶-Xp-sIm-v,

A\p-`m-hhpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw s]mXpsh kaq-l-¯nÂ ChÀ¡v e`y-hp-am-Wv. kÀ¡m-

cnsâ t\cn-«pÅ t\Xr-Xz-¯nepw \nb-{´-W-¯nepw kÀ¡mÀ klm-b-¯m-epÅ

FbvUUv kwhn-[m-\-hpw, sXmgnÂ kwh-c-Whpw kmaqly kpc-£n-XXz amÀ¤-hp-

sams¡ e`y-am-Ip-¶p-v. AXn-ep-]-cn, Ch-cpsS imco-cnI ]cn-an-Xn, akvXn-jv¡-¯n-\-Ãm- -

Xp-sIm-v, kz´-ambn Bh-iy-§fpw Ah-Im-i-§fpw D¶-bn-¡m\pw kwL-Sn¨v kaqly

k½À±-ap-m-¡n, Ahiy Ah-Im-i-§Ä t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\p-sams¡ tIc-f-¯nÂ Ign-bp-¶p.

tIc-f- nsâ kmaqly a\-Êm£n hfsc HuZmcy ]qÀÆ-amb A\p-`mhw C -c-¯n-

epÅ P\ hn`m-K-§-tfmSv ImWn- -Xp-sImp IqSn-bm-Wv, C´y-bnÂXs¶, asäÃm

kwØm-\-§-sf-¡mÄ IqSp-XÂ Xr]vXn-I-c-amb Hcp PohnXw ChÀ¡v \evIm³ tIc-f-

¯n-\m-b-Xv. ]s£, s]mXpt_m[-¯n\v a\-Ên-em-hm-¯, kq£va kv]Àin-bmb Ht«sd

Kuch {]iv\-§Ä, Zriy-amb AwK-\yq-\X DÅ-hÀ¡pw Ds-¶-Xm-Wv, bmYmÀ°yw.

akvXnjvI £X-tam, akvXnjvI tImi-§-fpsS Akm[m-c-W-Xztam sImv kw -

hn-¡p¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Ah-t_m[w

s]mXp-k-aq-ls¯ kw_-Ôn¨v hfsc XpÑ-am-Wv. A -c-¯n-epÅ {]bm-k-§Ä

t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw IpSp-_s¯ kw_-Ôn¨pw Kuc-h-amb Hcp Nn´-

13

sbm¶pw cq]-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. `b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ Xc¯n-epÅ \nÀaa-Xztam, \nÊ-l-I-c-W-

tam, \ncm-I-c-Wtam Cu hn`m-K-t¯mSv {]I-Sn-¸n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. kmaq-ly-ambn XoÀ¯pw

BZr-iy-cmWv _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ. Cu taJe s]mXpsh A`n-

ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ AZr-iy-Xbv¡v Hcp {][m\ ImcWw, CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« {]iv\-§sf

kw_-Ôn¨ A_²[mc-W-Ifpw AÚ-X-bp-am-Wv. kaq-l-¯nse AÚ-Xbpw A_-

²-[m-c-W-I-fp-sam-s¡, \nÊ-lm-b-cmb Hcp P\-hn-`m-Ks¯ \nc-´-c-amb Ccp-«nÂXs¶

\ne-\nÀ¯p-¶p-sh¶Xv, Zb-\o-b-amb Hc-h-Ø-bm-Wv. tIc-f- nse akvXnjvI kw_-

Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnj-bw, hyXn-cn-à-amb Hcp ho£-W-t¯msS

kao-]n-t¡-Xp-v. Ah-cpsS PohnXw s]mXp-[m-c-bnÂ\n¶pw hn`n-¶-ambn KWy-amb Xc-

¯nÂ, Ac-£n-Xhpw A\n-Ýn-XXzw \nd-ª-Xpam-Wv. Cu Ac-£n-X-Xzhpw A\n-Ýn-X-

Xzhpw Cu hn`m-K-§-fnÂ am\-kn-I-ambn Hcp k¦oÀ®m-hØ krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\v CS-bm-

¡n-bn-«p-v. Cu am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-bpsS Dt]mÂ -¶-am-bn, sshIm-cnI kmaq-ly, km¼-

¯n-I, kmwkvIm-cnI {]Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ Hcp khn-tij hn`m-K-ambn

tIc-f- nÂ ChÀ amdn-bn-«p-v. C -c-¯n-epÅ hyàn-Ifpw IpSpw-_-§-fp-a-S-§p¶ P\-

hn-`mKw kmaq-ly-amb hÃms¯mscm-ä-s -SÂ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶p. Ch-c-\p- -hn-¡p¶

{]iv\-§Ä Cg-]n-cn-¨v, ]cn-lmcw tXSm-sX, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te-¡v, hen-

sbmcp AwK-kw-Jy-h-cp¶ Cu P\-hn-`m-Ks¯ ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯m³ Ign-bn-Ã. Cu

taJ-e-bpsS khn-tij {]iv\-§Ä Xncn- -dn-bm³ tIcf s]mXpkaqlw ]cm-P-b-s¸-«-

Xnsâ ]cn-Wn-Xn-bm-Wv, akvXn-jvI- BLm-X-ta-ä-hÀ DÄs¸-Sp¶ IpSpw-_-§Ä DÄs¡m-

Åp¶ Hcp P\X Cu sIm¨p-tI-c-f-¯nÂ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ {]iv\-k-¦-enX

kml-Ncy-¯nÂ C¶pw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Hcp kml-N-cy-¯n-em-Wv, khn-ti-j-ambn

\nÀ®m-b-I-amb tXmXnÂ kaq-l-¯nÂ ]nt¶m¡w \nÂ¡p¶ akvXnjvI shÃp-hnfn

t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-K-Wn-¨psImv tIcf ]Ým- -e- nÂ Hcp ]T\w A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-¶-

Xv.

Hcp Ipªv ]nd-¡p-¶-Xv, amXm-]n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v a\-ÊnÂ DÂk-h-¯nsâ

hÀ®-cm-Pn-IÄ k½m-\n-¡p¶ A\p- -h-am-Wv. F{Xtbm kz]v\-§Ä, k¦Â]-§Ä...

c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS Pohn-Xw, {]bm-k-§fpw Zp:J-§fpw k½m-\n-¡p¶ PohnX kml-N-cy-

¯n-em-sW-¦nÂt]mepw Xsâ Ipªns\ kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ kz]v\-§fpw k¦Â]-§-fp-

14

sam-s¡, `mhnsb kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Ah-cpsS ip -I-c-amb Dd-¸m-Wv. Ipªnsâ ssZ\w-

Zn\ hfÀ¨sb I¬\n-dsb ImWm-\pÅ sImXn-bm-Wv, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-¯n\v

Imhymß-IXzw k½m-\n-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯n-cn-bp-sÅmcp Cu sIm¨p Pohn-X-¯nsâ hc-¼-

¯p-\n-¶v, asä-´mWv \ap¡v {]Xo-£n-¡m-\p-ÅXv? {]Xym-in-¡m-\p-Å-Xv?. kz]v\

kam-\amb Hcp kzÀ¤ Pohn-X-¯nsâ k¦Â]-§Ä¡v, BLm-X-taÂ-¸n¨mWv, Hcp

\mÄ Cu AÑ\pw A½bpw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xv, Fsâ aIÄ AYhm aI³, Pohn-Xm-´yw-

hsc , \nÊ-lm-b-am-Ip¶ hen-sbmcp Zpc-´- nsâ Cc-bm-Wv F¶v. sI«n-s¸m-¡nb

kz]v\ ku[-§-fpsS XIÀ -sb-¶-Xn-ep-]-cn, I\n-hn-Ãm¯ Ime-¯nsâ Ibvt¸-dnb

A\p- -h-§-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ Zpcn-X-bm-{X-am{Xw Pohn-X-¯nsâ \o¡n-bn-cn-¸m-Ip¶ Bkp-

cX! lrZbw hen-¨p-Io-dp-¶, Zpc- -§-fpsS \ne-¡m¯ A\p- -h-§Ä.. F´p sN¿-W-

sa-¶-dn-bm-sX, Bsc kao-]n-¡-W-sa-¶-dn-bm-sX, Xsâ PohnX kz]v\-§-fpsS k -

bmb Cu Ipªv. Ipªnsâ ssZ\yXapäp¶ \nÊ-lmb apJ-t¯bv¡v Däp-t\m¡n

\njv-^-e-amb Xsâ P·s¯ i]n¨v Pohn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS AwK-kw-Jy Cu tIc-f-¯nÂ

Ht«-sd-bmWv. Ah-cpsSIp-ªp-§fm-Wv, akvXn-jvI-¯nsâ £Xw Imc-W-tam, Akm-

[m-c-WXzw Imc-Wtam, BPo-h-\m-´w Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]qap-J-¯v, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw,

skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶o

{]iv\-§-fmÂ, Cc-I-fmbn Ign-bp-¶-hÀ þ Ah-cpsS ]T\-amWv GImwK I½o-jsâ

hni-I-e\ ]cn-[n-bnÂ hcp-¶-Xv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cnSp-¶-hÀ, C¶v tIcf kaq-l-¯nÂ A\p- -hn-

¡p¶ ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Øbv¡v hnhn[ Imc-W-§-fp-v. s]mXp kaq-l-¯n-\v, Cu hn`m-

Ks¯¡pdn-¨pÅ XnIª AÚ-Xbpw ap³hn-[n-I-fp-amWv AXnÂ {][m-\w. c£n-Xm-

¡fpw sshZy-k-aq-lhp-apÄs¸-sS-bp-Å-hÀ ]peÀ¯p¶ AÚ-X-bpsS ^e-am-bn, hym]-

I-amb Nqj-W-§Ä¡mWv ChÀ hnt[-b-am-bn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu ASp- -Im-e¯v

cq]-s¸« sNdnb Ah-t_m-[w, KpW-]-c-amb amä-§Ä¡v klm-b-I-am-hp-¶p-s-¦nepw

NqjW kml-Ncyw ]qÀ®-ambpw kaq-l-¯nÂ CÃm-Xm-bn-«n-Ã. BNm-c-§-fp-tSbpw

A\p-jvTm-\-§-fp-tSbpw hnizm-k-§-fp-tS-bp-sams¡ t]cn-epÅ ]cn-lm-c-{In-b-IÄ tIc-

f-¯nse Nne ]nt¶m¡ taJ-e-I-fnÂ ià-am-sW-¦n-epw, s]mXp-sh, imkv{Xob-amb

15

Hcp kao-]-\w, Ch-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bnÂ Bh-iy-ap-s¶ [mcW hfÀ¶p-h-

¶n-«p-v.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ¡v Imc-W-am-hp-¶-Xv, {][m-\-ambpw akvXnjvI

tImi-§-fmb \yqtdm-Wp-I-fpsS £Xtam Akm-[m-c-Whpw Akzm-`m-hn-I-hp-amb Ah-

Ø-Itfm BWv. \yqtdm-Wp-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨v, C¶v e`y-amb NnInÂkm-hn-[n akvXn-

jvI-¯n-t\ä £Xtam Akzm-`m-hn-I-Xtbm ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ ]cym-]vX-a-Ã. akvXn-jvI-

¯nsâ Cu {]iv\-§-fpsS ]cn-lmcw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn acp-¶p-IÄ¡v hg-§p-¶-Xm-

sW¶v Hcp imkv{Xob At\z-j-Whpw sXfn-bn-¨n-«p-an-Ã. F¶n«pw NnInÂkm-hn-[n-Isf

kw_-Ôn¨pw NnInÂk-bn-eqsS �tcmK-im´n� t\Sn-bXv kw_-Ôn¨pw Ah-Imi hmZ-

§-fpsS Ht«sd {]N-WvU-tIm-em-l-e-§-fnÂ, \nÊ-lm-b-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä AI-

s¸-«pt]m-Ip¶ Ah-Ø-bmWv tIc-f-¯n-ep-Å-Xv. AÚ-X-bnÂ\n¶pw cq]-s¸« Cu

NqjW kml-N-cy-t¯mSv {Inbm-ß-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¡m\pw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v t\Àhgn

ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m\pw _m[y-X-s¸« Btcm-Ky-h-Ip¸v Kuc-h-ambn hnjbw Gsä-Sp-¡-

Ww.

Fd-Wm-Ipfw tI{µo-I-cn¨pw Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw tIµo-I-cn¨pw ]{X-þ-Zr-iy-þ-ssk-_À

am[y-a-§-fpsS kl-I-c-W-t¯m-sS, _rl-¯mb coXn-bn-em-Wv, sXämb {]N-c-W-

§Ä \S-¯n-h-cp-¶-Xv. {]tem- -\o-b-§-fmb Cu �{]iv-\-]-cn-lmc� Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§-fn-

Â hiw-h-Z-cmbn, km¼-¯n-I-ambpw am\-kn-I-ambpw ]m -cmbn F¶v c£n-Xm-¡Ä I½o-

j\v \ÂInb tcJ-IÄ shfn-hm-¡p-¶p. \nÊ-lm-b-X-bp-sSbpw \ncm-h-ew-_-X-bp-sSbpw

Ic-Im-Wm-¡-S-enÂ, {]Xo-£-bpsS sIm¨p-Xp-cp-¯mWv Cu hymP Ah-Imi hmZ-§-

sf¶v c£n-Xm-¡Ä [cn-¨p-h-im-Ip-¶Xv kzm`m-hn-Iw.

akvXnjvI £X-t¯m-sSm¸w Nne-t¸mÄ Ip-h-cp¶ IrXy-amb tcmK-§Ä, DZm-l-c-

WwþA]-kvam-cw, am\-knI tcmKm-h-Ø, aäv imco-cnI tcmK-§Ä Ch-bvs¡m-

s¡ NnInÂkbpw acp-¶p-Ifpw, akvXnjvI £X-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡pw Bh-iy-am-Wv. ]

t£ akvXnjvI tImi-§-fpsS £Xm-h-Øbpw Akzm-`m-hn-I-amb Ah-Ø-bp-

sams¡ \ne-hnÂ Hcp NnInÂkm hn[n-IÄ¡pw hg-§p-¶-hbmsW¶v imkv{Xob-ambn

sXfn-bn-¡-s -«n-«nÃ. A-Xp-sImpXs¶, AXn-\p-thn ]Whpw ka-bhpw \jvS-s -Sp-¯p-¶-

Xv, c£n-Xm-¡Ä km¼-¯n-I-ambn IqSp-XÂ {]bm-k-s¸-Sm³ CS-bm-¡p-sa¶v am{X-a-Ã,

16

bYm-k-abw e`y-am-th ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v c£n-Xm-¡Ä apXn-cm-Xn-cn-¡p¶ kml-N-cyhpw Dm-

¡pw. Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ Zqc-hym-]-I-amb {]Xym-Lm-X-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\v

CXv CS-bm-¡p-w. Cu cwK¯v, temI¯v \S--¶n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm Kth-j-W-§fpw kqNn-¸n-

¡p-¶-Xv, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v F{Xbpw t\ct¯

bYm-hn[n ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ imkv{Xo-b-ambn Bkq-{X-Ww-sNbvXv, sshZ-Kv²y-

t¯msS ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp-¶p-sh-¦nÂ, `mhn-bnÂ kw -hn-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ sshI-ey-¯nsâ

hen-sbmcp iX-am-\t¯mfw k¦oÀ®X Ipd-bv¡m-t\m, CÃm-Xm-¡mt\m Ignbpw F¶m-

Wv. sshZy-·m-cp-tSbpw acp-¶p-I- -h-S-¡m-cp-sS-bp-sams¡ hymP Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-§Ä¡n-S-

bnÂ s]men-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶-Xv, Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v henb Ah-k-c-§fpw km[y-X-bp-

am-Wv.

I½o-jsâ ]T\ ]cn-[n-bnÂ hcp¶ hnj-b-§-fm-b, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-

{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih am\-kn-I-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶n-

hsb kw_-Ôn¨v kmam-\y-amb Hcp [mc-W, C¯cw hn`m-K-§-fpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-

¡p-¶-Xn\v ap¼v A\n-hm-cy-amb Hcp ap¶p-]m-[n-bm-Wv.

(1) _p²n-amµyw (Mental Retardation)

kmaqly kml-N-cy-§-fnÂ km[m-c-W-t]mse AÀ°-h-¯mbn {]Xn-I-cn-¡m³

Ign-bm¯ coXn-bnÂ _p²n-am\w (Intelligent Quotient) KWy-ambn Ipd-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Ah-

Ø-bmWv _p²n-am-µyw. km[m-cW _p²n-am\w 100 BbmWv ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-sX-¦nÂ,

_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cnÂ AXv 70 Â Xmsg-bm-Wv. Cusbm-c-h-Ø, 18 hb-Ên\v ap¼v

kw -hn-s -¦nÂ am{Xta \nÀÆ-N-\-{]-Im-cw, _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡q.

Hcp kaq-l-¯nÂ _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS AwK-kw-Jy, 2. 5 apXÂ 3 iX-am\w

hsc-sb-¶mWv IW-¡m-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. {Kmaþ-\-Kc hyXym-k-tam, cmPy-§-fpsS km¼-

¯nI Ah-Ø-IÄ X½n-epÅ hyXn-bm-\tam H¶pw, Gä-¡p-d-¨n-ep-IÄ¡v _m[-I-am-hp-

¶n-sÃ-¶m-Wv, Gähpw HSp-hnÂ F¯s¸« \nK-a-\w. _p²n-am-µy-¯n-\pÅ Imc-W-§Ä

kml-N-cym-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ {][m-\-ambpw KÀ`m-h-Øbv¡v ap¼pÅ Imc-W-§Ä, KÀ`m-h-

Ø-bnÂ kw -hn-¡p¶ Imc-W-§Ä, {]kh ka-b¯v kw -hn-¡p¶ Imc-W-§Ä, {]k-

hm-\- -c-apÅ Imc-W-§Ä F¶n-§s\ hn -Pn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

17

_p²n-am-µy-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bv¡pÅ Imc-W-§Ä C\nbpw ]qÀ®-ambn e`y-ambn

F¶v ]d-bm³ Ign-bn-Ã. _p²n-am-µy-¯n\v C-S-bm-¡p¶ 35 iX-am-\-t¯mfw Imc-W-

§fpw C¶pw B[p-\nI imkv{Xs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v AÚm-X-am-Wv. 100 {Sney³ hcp¶

\yqtdm-WpIÄ AS-§nb a\pjy akvXn-jvIs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v C\nbpw shfn-hm-tI

Zpcq-l-X-IÄ, k¦oÀ®-X-IÄ F¶n-h-sb-Ãm-am-Wv, aäv kam\ {]iv\-§-sf-t¸mse/

shÃp-hn-fn-Isft¸mse {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§Ä Ah-ew-_n¨v _p²n-am-µy-¯nsâ \nc¡v

Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn-Å km[y-Xsb Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xv. _p²n-am-µy-¯nsâ Nne Imc-W-§Ä,

kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡m³ km[y-hp-a-Ã.

_p²n-amµyw kw -hn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Imc-W-§Ä

1. t{Ima-tkmw, P\n-XI sshI-ey-§Ä.

2. KÀ -Im-e¯v A½-bv¡p-m-Ip¶ {]ta-lw, DbÀ¶ cà-k-½À±w, ssXtdm-bvUv

{KÙn-I-fpsS Akzm-`m-hn-I-X.

3. t]mj-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hv. A½bv¡v, KÀ -Im-e-¯nsâ BZy aq¶v amk-§-fnÂ Dm-Ip-

¶, tcmK-§-fmb PÀ½³ aoknÂkv, slÀ--]n-kv, kn^n-en-kv, t{SmIvtkm-]vfm-

kvtam-knkv F¶nh.

4. cà-¯nse BÀ. F¨v. LS-I-¯nse s]mcp- -t¡-Sv.

5. ab-¡p-a-cp-¶v, aZyw, ]pIbn-e, Nne acp-¶p-IÄ, FIvktd XpS§n-b-h.

6. {]kh ka-b¯v \h-PmX inip-hnsâ akvXn-jvI-¯n-t\Â¡p¶ BLm-Xw,

kpZoÀLamb {]kh {]{In-b, s]m¡nÄsIm-Sn-bpsS Ipcp-§Â, inip-hn-\p-m-Ip¶

aª-¸n-¯w, t]mj-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hv...

7. Ipªn-\p-m-Ip¶ sa\n-ss©-änkv, Xe-t¨mÀ ]gp-¸v, aäv ]cp-¡p-IÄ...

kz`mh hnti-j-§Ä

hfÀ¨m-L-«-¯n-ep-m-Ip¶ Ime-Xm-a-kw, `mjm-hn-Im-k- nse hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä,

ImbnI £a-X-bpsS ]cn-an-Xn, kmaqly CS-s]-S-ensâ Ipdhv, Nn´m-ti-jn-bp-sSbpw

[mc-Wm-ti-jn-bp-sSbpw {]iv\-§Ä, Xocp-am-\-§-fnÂ F¯n-t -cm-\pÅ {]bm-kw,

HmÀ½, ]T\w F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ tijn-¡p-dhv F¶n-h-bmWv s]mXp khn-ti-j-X-IÄ.

_p²n-am-\- nsâ (IQ) ASn-Øm-\- nÂ _p²n-am-µys¯ {][m-\-ambpw

\membn Xcw-Xn-cn-¨n-cp-¶p. arZp (Mild), anX (Moderate), Xo{h (Severe) XojvW (Profound)

18

F¶n-§-s\-bm-W-Xv. arZp-þ-an-X-þ-Xo-{hþ-Xo-jvWþ _p²n-am-µy-¯nsâ _p²n-am\ \nc¡v

bYm-{Iaw 50-þ70-þ, 35-þ50, 20-þ35, 20 \p Xmsg F¶n-§-s\-bm-Wv.

_p²n-am-µy-sa-¶-Xv, NnInÂkbv¡v hnt[-b-am-hp¶ Hcp tcmK-a-Ãm- -Xp-sIm-pX-

s¶, CXns\ Hcp Ah-Ø-bm-bmWv ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS _p²n-]-c-

amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc ]cn-l-cn¨v, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bnÂ

kzm{i-b-Xz-t¯msS Pohn-¡m³ {]m]vX-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, imkv{Xo-bhpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb

]T-\-þ-]-cn-io-e\ {]{In-b-IÄ hn`m-h\w sNt¿--Xp-v.

]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bn-eqsS \ne-hnÂ _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cnÂ 80 iX-am-\-

s¯bpw sXmgnÂ]c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n¨v kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v

DbÀ¯p-hm³ Ign-bp-sa-¶v, Ht«td ]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. C¶v tIc-f- nÂ

_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS {Inbm-ßI ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-bsb klm-bn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-

epÅ imkv{Xob kwhn-[m-\-§-sfm-¶pw, icn-bmb AÀ°¯nÂ e`y-a-sÃ-¶-Xm-Wv,

bmYmÀ°yw. kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯nÂ, CXn-\pÅ {ia-§Ä, C\nbpw Bcw-`n-t¡--Xm-bn-«mWv

Ccn-¡p-¶-Xv. kzIm-cy-þ-k-¶² kwhn-[m-\-§Ä \ÂIp¶ Nne hne-s¸« tkh-\-§-fm-

Wv, C¶v tIc-f-¯nÂ, Cu cwKs¯ {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-X-Ip¶ GXm\pw

Hä-s¸« kwcw- -§Ä.

2- Hm«nkw (Autism)

Hm«nkw (Autism) F¶ {]iv\w, s]mXpth C¶v temI-am-sI, imkv{Xþ hnZym-

`ymk hr -§-fnÂ henb NÀ -IÄ¡v hnt[-b-am-hp¶ hnj-b-am-Wv. Ip«n-bpsS Pohn-X-

¯nÂ 3 hb-Ên\v ap¼v kw -hn-¡p¶ k¦oÀ®-amb Hc-h-Ø-bmWv Hm«n-kw. Cu Ah-

Ø-bpsS ^e-am-bn, Ip«n¡v Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯n\pw kaq-l-¯nÂ CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn\pw

_p²n-ap«v Dm-Ip-¶p. Akzm-`m-hn-Ihpw BhÀ¯n-¨p-Å-Xp-amb imco-cnI Ne-\-§Ä

C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. 1943 Â entbm-sI-¶À F¶ inip-a-t\m-tcmK

`nj-Kz-c³ Cu {]iv\w Xncn- -dn-bp-¶Xphsc C¯cw Ip«n-I-sf, at\m-tcm-Kn-I-fmtbm

at\m ZpÀ_-e-cmtbm BWv s]mXpsh ]cn-K-Wn¨p h¶n-cp-¶-Xv.

sshZy-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn-eqsS Hm«nkw Is- m³ Ffp-¸-a-Ã. 1980 apXÂ Hm«n-

ks¯ s]mXpsh hnkvXrX hfÀ¨m-{I-a-`wKw (Pervasive Developmental Disorder)

19

F¶mWv hyh-tÑ-Zn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv. �kvIntkm-{^o-\nb� t]mse Hcp am\-knI {]iv\-aÃ

Hm«n-k-sa¶pw Ip«n-I-fnÂ ImWp¶ hfÀ¨m kw_-Ô-amb Imcy-am-sW¶pw Is-¯n.

CtX KW- nÂ s]Sp¶ {]iv\-§-fm-Wv, sdävkv kn³-t{Umw, Akvs]ÀtPÀkv

kn³t{Umw, inip inYn-eo-I-cW {Ia-`w-Kw (Childhood Disintegrative Disorder) asäm-cp-hn-[-

¯nepw ]cm-aÀin-¡m-¯, hnkvXrX hfÀ¨m {Ia-`wKw (Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Not Otherwise Specified- PDD NOS)

sdävkv kn³t{Umw (Rett’s Syndrome)

Cu AhØ 5 amk-¯n\pw 48 amk-¯n\pw CS-bn-emWv Is- -s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

km[m-c-W-bmbn s]¬Ip-«n-I-fn-emWv sdävkv kn³t{Umw Dm-Ip-¶-Xv. Bbncw Bfp-I-

fnÂ HcmÄ F¶-XmWv Cu {]iv\w kw -hn-¡m-\pÅ km[y-X. Cu Ip«n-IÄ kaql-hp-

ambn CS-s]-Sm-\pÅ Ignhv hfsc Xma-kn¨v am{XamWv BÀÖn-¡p-¶-Xv. BhÀ¯n-

¨pÅ {ZpX-K-Xn-bn-epÅ AwK-N-e-\-§fpw ssII-gp-Ip¶ kz`m-hhpw Cu Ip«n-I-fnÂ

ImWmw. _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ \Ã-tXm-XnÂ Ch-cnÂ {]I-S-am-Wv. A]-kvamc

km[yX C¯cw Ip«n-I-fnÂ IqSp-X-em-Wv. ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX Imcy-§-fnepw Ifn-I-

fnepw ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ {]I-Sn-¸n-¡pw.

ssiih inYn-eo-I-cW {Ia-`wKw (Child hood Disintegrative Disorder)- Heller Syndrom)

cp- h-b-Ên-\p-ti-jhpw 10 hb-Ên\v ap¼p-amWv Cu {]iv\w {]I-S-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ

km[y-X. km[m-c-W-bmbn B¬Ip-«n-I-fnÂ IqSp-X-embn ImWp¶ Cu {]iv\w, ]t£

s]mXpsh A]qÀÆ-am-Wv. BhÀ¯n-¨pÅ imco-cnI Ne-\-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ C¯cw

Ip«n-IÄ¡v kmaq-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn\pw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯n\pw _p²n-ap-«p- v. A]-

kvamc km[yX C¯cw Ip«n-I-fnÂ IqSp-X-embn {]I-S-am-hm-dp-v.

Akvs]ÀtPÀkv kn³t{Umw (Asperger’s Syndrome)

Hmkv{Sn-b-¡m-c-\mb inip-tcmK hnZ-Kv²³ lm³kv Bkvt]ÀtPÀknsâ Kth-

j-Wm-\-´-c-amWv Cusbm-c-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨v temI-a-dn-bp-¶-Xv. A]qÀÆ-am-sW-¦nepw

B¬Ip-«n-I-fn-em-Wv, Akvt]ÀtPÀkv kn³t{Umw IqSp-X-embn Ip-h-cp-¶-Xv.

BhÀ¯n-¨pÅ imco-cnI Ne-\-§-tfm-sSm¸w _p²n-am-µyhpw Ch-cnÂ Ip-h-cp-¶p. A]-

kvamcw Ch-cnÂ ImWp-¶n-Ã, ]t£ ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX hr¯n-I-fnÂ ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ

20

{]I-S-am-Wv. `mjm-{]m-hoWyw D]-cn-]vf-h-amb kwkm-c-¯nÂ am{Xw ]cn-an-X-s¸-«mWv

ImWp-¶-Xv.

asäm-cp-hn-[-¯nepw ]cm-aÀin-¡m¯ hnkvXrX hfÀ¨m {Ia-`wKw (Pervasive

Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified)

t]cp-t]m-se-Xs¶ IrXy-amb Fs´-¦nepw [mc-W, hn]p-e-amb hÀ®-cm-Pn-

t]mse ]c-kv]c k¦-en-X-ambn InS-¡p¶ Cu Ah-Øsb kw_-Ôn¨v imkv{X-tem-Iw

BÀÖn-s -Sp-¯n-«n-Ã. kmaq-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn\pw Bib hn\n-a-b-¯n\pw {]iv\-

ap-Å-h-cm-Wn-hÀ.

Hm«n-k- nsâ Imc-W-§Ä

1. t{Imatkmw P\n-XI LS-I-§Ä.

2. KÀ -k-a-bs¯ {]iv\-§Ä.

3. akvXnjvI LS-\-bnse Akm-[m-c-WXzw

4. ]mcn-Øn-XnI Imc-W-§Ä.

kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-IÄ

1. aäp-Å-h-cp-ambn CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xn-\pÅ _p²n-ap-«v.

2. amä-§-tfmSv s]mcp- -s¸-Sm-\m-hm-Xn-cn-¡p-I.

3. \nb-X-amb BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-§Ä.

4. {]Xn-i_vZ {]Xn-I-cWw. (Ecolalia)

5. ktN-X\ hkvXp-X-¡-sf-¡mfpw AtN-X\ hkvXp-t¡m-tfm-SpÅ B`n-ap-Jyw.

6. BhÀ¯\ {]hr-¯n-bnÂ A`n-c-an-¡Â.

7. sshIm-cnI {]I-S-\- n-\pÅ {]m]vXn-¡p-d-hv.

8. `mjbv¡pw Bib hn\n-a-b-¯n-\p-apÅ {]iv\-§Ä.

3. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn.

akvXnjvI tImi-§-fnse £Xw Imc-Ww, t]in Ne-\-s -bpw, ico-c-¯nsâ kzm`m-

hnI {]{In-b-tbbpw _m[n-¡p¶, NnInÂkbv¡v hnt[-b-a-Ãm¯, F¶mÂ IqSp-XÂ

aqÀÑn-¡m¯ Hc-h-Ø-bm-Wv, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb icoc t]in-

I-fn-em-Wv, {]iv\w {]Xn-^-en-¡p-¶Xv F¶-Xp-sIm-pX-s¶, Blm-cþ izk-\-þ-hn-kÀÖ\

hyh-Ø-I-fpsS kzm`m-hnI {]hÀ -\-§sf CXv kmc-ambn _m[n-¡m-\n-S-bp-v. skdn-

21

{_Â ]mÄkn t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-I-fnÂ 60 iX-am-\-¯n-s\-¦nepw _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-

¡m-h-Øbpw Ip-h-cp-¶p. aäv A\p-_Ô {]iv\-§Äþ

1. A]-kvamcw

2. ]T\ sshIeyw

3. tIÄhn-¡p-dhv

4. ImgvN-¡p-d-hv.

akvXn-jv¡-¯n\v GÂ¡p¶ £Xw, P\n-XI Imc-W-§Ä, aäv BLm-X-§Ä F¶nh

skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn¡v Imc-W-am-Imw. \h-PmX inip-hnsâ `mc-¡p-d-hv, skdn-{_Â ]

mÄknbnte¡v \bn-t -¡mw.

skdn-{_Â]mÄkn þ Imc-W-§Ä

1. Hmtc {]k-h-¯nÂ H¶nÂ IqSp-XÂ Ipªp-§Ä.

2. {`qWm-h-Ø-bnÂ GÂ¡p¶ £Xw.

3. t]mj-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hv.

4. DbÀ¶ cà-k-½À±w, ssl¸À ssXtdm-Un-kw, {]ta-lw.

5. ssPh-þ-cm-k-þ-P-\n-XI {]iv\-§Ä.

6. amkw XnI-bm-sX-bpÅ {]k-hw.

7. akvXn-jvI-¯n-t\Â¡p¶ AWp-_m-[, hogvN-aq-e-apÅ £Xw, ...

e£-W-§Ä

Ipªp-§-fnÂ ImWp¶ Akm-[m-c-W-amb £oWm-h-Ø, {i²-¡p-d-hv Akm-[m-

cWamb D -¯n-epÅ Ic-¨nÂ

Ipªp-§-fnÂ ]mÂIp-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, `£Ww hngp-§p-¶-Xn-\p-apÅ {]bmkw.

Abª t]in-IÄ, Akm-[m-cW imco-cnI {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä...

hn -P\w

Ne-\-¯nsâ kz`mhw ASn-Øm-\-am-¡nbpw Ah-bh _m[sb ASn-Øm-\-am-

¡nbpw BWv skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpsS hn -P-\w.

1. cp ssIIÄ¡pw cp Imep-IÄ¡pw BsI _m[n-¡p-¶- Iz{Un-]vfo-Pnb.

2. cp Imep-Ifntem AYhm cp ssII-fntem _m[n-¡p¶ ssU¹o-Pn-b.

22

3. ico-c-¯nse CS-Xp-`m-Ks¯ ssIIm-ep-I-tftbm AsÃ-¦nÂ heXp `mKs¯

ssIIm-ep-Isftbm am{Xw _m[n-¡p¶ slan-]vfn-Pn-b.

4þ _lp-ssh-Ieyw

Htc hyàn¡v H¶n-e-[nIw hyXykvX shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ Htc kabw kw -hn-¡p¶

kml-N-cy-s -bmWv _lp-ssh-I-eym-h-Ø-sb¶v ]cm-aÀin-¡p-¶-Xv. DZm-l-c-Wwþ

Ne-\-ssh-I-ey-t¯m-sSm¸w tIÄhn-bn-Ãm-bva. H¶n-e-[nIw hyXykvX sshI-ey-§Ä

Hmtc-k-abw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶ hyàn-IÄ, km[m-cW shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-

cnÂ\n¶pw hyXykvX-amb hen-b-tXm-Xn-epÅ k¦oÀ® kml-N-cy-§sf A`n-aq-Jo-I-cn-

¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. km[m-cW ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{InbbnÂ\n¶pw hyXy-kvX-ambn hfsc

khn-ti-j-amb ]cn-K-W-\bpw CS-s]-S-epw, Ch-cpsS kaq-ly-hÂ¡-c-W-¯n\v AXy-´m-

t]-£n-X-am-Wv. Xo{h-þ-XojvW _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cnÂ ]e-t¸mgpw _lp-ssh-Ieyw IqSp-

X-embn Ip-h-cp-¶p.

5þ ssiih am\-knI tcmKw

s]mXp kaq-l-¯nsâ {i² H«pw ]Xn-bm¯ Hcp shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv, ssiih

am\-kn-I-tcm-Kw. CsXmcp tcmK¯nsâ KW-¯n-emWv, DÄs -Sp-¶-sX-¦n-epw, tcmKm-h-

Ø-bpsS Hc-\- -c-êw _p²n-amµy Ah-Øm-bm-Wv. {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\bpw ]cn-io-

e-\-hpw Cu Ip«n-IÄ¡v AXy-´m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.

kvIntkm-{ô-\n-b-

Ip«n-I-fnÂ ImWp¶ kvIntkm-{ô-\n-b-bm-Wv, ssi-ih am\-knI tcmK-

¯nÂ {][m-\-s¸-«-Xv. hyàn bmYmÀ°ys¯ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw bmYmÀ°y-t_m-[-an-

ÃmsX s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Hc-h-Ø-bm-Wn-Xv. Ip«n-I-fnÂ hfsc sNdp-{]m-b-

¯nÂXs¶ Cu tcmKw Dm-hp-¶p. Nne-t¸mÄ buÆ-\m-cw- -¯n\v ap¼v Xs¶

kvIntkm-{^-o\nb {]Xy-£-s -t«-¡mw. Cu tcmKw Ip«n-I-fpsS kz`m-hs¯

hfsctbsd _m[n-¡p-¶p. Cu {]iv\w sNdp-{]m-b-¯nÂ ImW-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\mÂ, hnZym-

`ymk]c-amb hfÀ¨bv¡pw kmaq-ly-þ-ssh-Im-cnI hnIm-k-¯n\pw henb shÃp-hn-

23

fnIfmbn amdp-¶p. t\cs¯ Is¯n NnInÂkn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ {]iv\-§sf Ipd-

bv¡m-³ Ign-bpw.

BImw-jm-{I-a-`wKw

Ip«n-I-fnÂ ImWp¶ asämcp am\-knI {]iv\-am-Wv, BIm-wjm-{I-a-`w-Kw

(Anxiety Disorder). Cu {]iv\apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Gähpw {][m-\-ambn c£n-Xm-¡-

fnÂ\n¶pw ]ncn-ªn-cn-¡m-\pÅ t]Snbpw kvIqfnÂ t]mIm³ Xmev]-cy-an-Ãm-bva-bp-amWv

Ip-h-cp-¶-Xv.

e£-W-§Ä

1. c£m-IÀ¯m-¡-fnÂ \n¶v amdn \nev¡p-t¼mÄ Akzm-`m-hnI s]cp-amäw

ImWn-¡p-I.

2. kvIqfnÂ t]mIm³ t]Sn, AIm-cW `bw, \nb{´n-¡m-\m-hm¯ k¦-Sw, AS-

§n-bn-cn-¡m¯ kz`m-hw, aäpÅ-hsc ieyw-sN-¿Â.

3. Akm-[m-c-W-amb Xe-th-Z-\, hb-dp-th-Z-\,...... Dd-¡-an-Ãm-bva, ZpÊz-]v\w.

4. {i²-¡p-d-hv, ]Tn- -¯n-epÅ {]iv\-§Ä, Häs -Sm-\pÅ B{K-lw, hr¯n-

lo-\-X, \mWw.

hnjmZ tcmKw

hnjmZ tcmK-amWv Ip«n-I-fnÂ Ip-h-cp¶ asämcp am\-knI tcmKw. Cu tcmK-_m-[,

am\-knI shÃp-hn-fn-bmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p-Ibpw hnZym-`ym-k-t -bpw, sXmgn-ens\bpw

kmaqly Pohn-X-s -bp-sams¡ sXämbn kzm[o-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.

e£-W§Ä

1. Ifn-bnepw Iq«p-Im-cnepw Xmev]-cy-an-Ãm-bva.

2. {i²bpw DuÀÖ-hp-an-Ãm¯ Ah-Ø.

3. hni-¸n-Ãm-bva, `mc-¡p-d-hv, Dd-¡-an-Ãm-bva, \ncm-im-t_m-[w, Bß-lXym {]h-

W-X.

4. kz`mh sshI-ey-§Ä, sshIr-X-§Ä, el-cn-tbm-SpÅ A`n-hm-©.

{i²m-tem] A{Xn-{Inbm {Ia-`wKw (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder)

Ata-cn-¡³ ssk¡m-{Sn-¡v AtÊm-kn-tb-j³, Cu Ah-Øsb {i²m-tem] {Ia-

`wKw þ Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) F¶mWv hnfn-¡p-¶Xv.

24

e£-W-§Ä

- þ hf-cp-t¼mÄ Ip«n-bpsS {i²-tim-jn¨v {]iv\-§Ä Dm-Ip-I. DZm-l-c-W-¯n\v,

HcpImcyhpw ]qÀ¯n-I-cn-¡m-\m-hm-Xn-cn-¡p-I.

- þ Aan-Xm-thi {]h-W-X, AXm-b-Xv, Dug-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v £a-tbmsS Imcy-§Ä

sN¿m-\m-hm¯ Ah-Ø.

- þ AXn-{In-bX AYmhm kzØ-am-bn-cn-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-¡p-I.

6. ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`wKw (Learning Disorders)

]T-\-ssh-Ieyw (Learning Disorder) F¶ ]Zw s]mXpsh C¶v D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-Im-

Wp-¶n-Ã, ]Icw ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`wKw (Learning Disorders) F¶-Xm-Wv, Cu taJ-e-bn-

epÅ hnZ-Kv²-cpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ IqSp-XÂ A`n-Im-ay-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p ImWp-

¶Xv. hmb\, kwkm-cw, Fgp-¯v, tIÄhn, KWnXw, kaq-l-¯n-epÅ CS-s]-SÂ F¶o

Imcy-§-fnÂ Akm-[m-c-WXzw s]mXp-hmbn Ch-cnÂ Is-¶p-h-cmw. {][m-\-ambpw

tI{µ-\m-Uo-hyq-l¯nsâ (Central Nervous System) {]hÀ -\- n-epÅ Akm-[mc-W-Xz-

amWv ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-K-¯n\v {][m-\-tl-Xp. asäÃm akvXn-jvI-sh-Ãp-hn-fn-I-fp-

tSbpw Imc-W-§Ä Xs¶-bm-Wv, s]mXpth ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-K- n\pw Imc-W-

ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv.

]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xv, ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-Kw, XojvW-amb Ah-Ø-bnÂ

XpSÀ -bmbn \ne-\n-ev¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, CXv _p²n-]-c-amb k¦nÀ® {]iv\-§Ä¡v

`mhn-bnÂ CS-bm-¡n-tb-¡mw F¶mWv. F{Xbpw t\ct¯ {]iv\w Xncn- -dn-ªv,

hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, hen-b-tXm-Xn-epÅ KpW-]-c-amb

amä-§Ä hyàn-I-fnÂ krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, k¼qÀ®-am-bn-¯s¶ kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-

[m-c-bn-te¡v Chsc DÄs¸-Sp-¯m-\p-am-hpw. ]e-t¸mgpw Akm-[m-cW tijn-bpÅ anSp-

¡-·m-cm-hm-\pÅ ssh`hw Ch-cn-ep-s-¶-Xm-Wv, bmYmÀ°yw.

e£-W-§Ä-

þ {i²n¡p-¶-Xn\pw {i²-tI-{µo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {]bmkw

þkmaqly CS-s]-S-en-epÅ {]iv\-§Ä

25

þ £a-bn-Ãmbva

þ [mc-Wm-ti-jn-bnse {]iv\-§Ä

þ `mjm kwkm-c-ta-J-e-bnse _p²n-ap-«p-IÄ

þ kzØ-X-bn-Ãmbva

þ hmb-\, A£-c-§-fpsS icn-bmb D]-tbm-Kw, IW-¡p-sN-¿pI F¶n-h-bn

epÅ {]iv\-§Ä sImv ]T-\-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø.

þ imcocnI {]hÀ -\-§-fn-epÅ \nb-{ -W-an-Ãmbva F¶nh It-¡mw.

ChnsS ]cm-aÀin-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ]T\ hn`m-K-§-fm-b, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw,

skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶n-

hsb tIc-fnb kml-N-cy-¯nÂ ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ kaq-l-¯n-en-h-cpsS AwK-kwJy

F{X-sb¶v IrXy-ambn ]d-bm³ Ign-bn-Ã. Nne ]T-\-§-sfms¡ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv,

hnZymÀ°n-I-fpsS CS-bnÂ ]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`wKw (Learning Disorders) A`n-ap-Jo-Icn-¡p-¶-

h-cpsS IW¡v Xs¶ sR«n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-sW-¶m-Wv. sNdnb tXmXn-epÅ ]T-\-]-c-amb

{Ia-`wKw XpS§n XnjvW-amb ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bn-ep-Å-h-sc-IqSn DÄs¸-Sp-

¯n-bmÂ Gähpw Npcp-§n-bXv kvIqÄ hnZymÀ°n-I-fnÂ AhÀam{Xw ]¯v iX-am-\-ap-

s-¶m-Wv IW¡v. AtX-t]m-se-bm-Wv, ssiih at\m-tcm-K- nsâ Ah-Ø, IrXy-amb

IW-¡p-IÄ H¶pw e`y-a-sÃ-¦n-epw, Akm-[m-c-W-amb tXmXnÂ Ip«n-I-fnÂ at\m-tcmK

e£-W-§Ä {]I-S-am-hp-¶p-sh-¶v, inip-a-t\m-tcmK hnZ-Kv²À hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶p. GXm-

bmepw akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS \nc-¡v, P\-kw-Jy-

bnÂ, Gähpw Npcp-§n-b-Xv, aq¶v iX-am-\-sa¶v IW-¡m-¡n-bmÂ t]mepw tIc-f-¯nÂ

Ch-cpsS AwK-kw-Jy, `bm-\-I-am-Wv. F«v e£-¯n\pw H³]Xp e£-¯n-\p-ap-S-bnÂ

hyàn-IÄ, Cu {]iv\w t\cn-«-\p- -hn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v XoÀ -bmbpw Icp-tX-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

tIcfw t]mepÅ kwØm-\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v CsXmcp henb AwK-kw-Jy-bm-Wv. tIc-

fob PohnX kml-N-cys¯ `mhnÂ `bm-\-I-amb Ah-Ø-bn-te¡v XÅn-hn-Sm³ X¡-

h®w Kpcp-X-c-amb Cu Ah-Ø-Isf ASn-b-´nc {]m[m-\y-t¯msS ]cn-K-Wn-¡pI

F¶-Xv, asä-´n-t\-¡mfpw {][m-\-s¸« kmaqly D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-Wv.

26

tIkv ÌUn-

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ipªp-§Ä IpSpw-_-¯n-ep-m-Ip-t¼mÄIpSpw-_mw-K-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Xo{h-th-Z-\-sb-¡p-dn-¨v, s]mXp kaq-l-¯n\vC\nbpw A{X-am{Xw t_m²yw h¶n-«n-Ã. C¯cw IpSpw-_-§sf s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v DbÀ¯n-s¡m-p-h-cn-I-sb-¶-Xv, Dt±-in-¡p-¶-t]mse A{Xefn-X-hp-a-Ã. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-apÅ Ipªn\v aäv imco-cnI shÃp-hn-fn-I-fmb AÔ-X, _[n-c-X, Ne\ ]c-an-Xn-IÄ F¶nh A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-sc-t¸m-se,kmaq-ly-amb AwKo-Imcw s]s«¶v e`y-am-Im-¯Xnsâ ImcWw A{X-b-[nIwap³hn[nIÄ, sXämb hnizm-k-§Ä, Ch-cpsS Pohn-Xs¯ hÃmsX ]cnan-X-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XpsIm-m-Wv.

~H¶n-e-[nIw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÅ Ip«n-IÄ Hcp IpSpw-_-¯nÂX-s¶, F¶-Xv, \ap¡v k¦-ev]n-¡m-\m-hp-¶-Xnsâ A¸p-d-¯pÅ Zpc-´-am-Wv. Cu Zpc-

-hpw, kmaq-ly-amb ]cn-K-W\ e`n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡epw H¶n-¨m-hp-t¼mÄ, B IpSpw-_-¯nsâ ssiYneyw ]qÀ®-am-hpw. A -c-samcp A\p- -h-am-Wv, tImgn-t¡m-s« cho-{µ³ amjn-tâ-Xv. cho-{µ³ amjn-sâbpw `mcy im´-Ip-am-cn-bp-sSbpw aq¶v Ip«n-Ifpw_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. aq¶p-t]cpw Xo{h-þ-XojvW _p²n-amµy hn`m-K-¯nÂ s]«-h-cpw. A[ym-]-I-\mb amjnsâ Pohn-Xw, sa -s¸« \ne-bnÂapt¶m«v t]mIp-t¼m-gm-Wv, BZy-Ip-«n-bpsS P\-\w. BZy Ipªv, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-ap-Å-Xm-sW¶v Xncn- -dn-bm³ hf-sc-tbsd sshIn. Ipªnsâ ]cn-N-c-Ww, {]bm-k-I-camsW¶v Xncn- -dn-ª-t¸mÄ, im -Im-amcn Xsâ tPmen th-¶psh¨p. Imc-Ww, Ipªnsâ ]cn-N-c-Whpw tPmenbpw H¶n-¨p-sIm-p-t]m-Im³km[y-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.

injy-·m-cpsS CSbnÂ Gsd {]nb-s¸-«-h-\m-bn-cp¶ cho-{µ³am-jv, Xm³XpSÀ¶p-h¶ s]mXp-{]-hÀ -\hpw kmaqly CS-s]-S-ep-sam-s¡, Cu Ipªp-Im-cWw Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-\m-bn. Imc-Ww, Hcp \nan-jw-t]mepw AS-§n-\n-ev¡m¯ {]Ir-Xw, hnIr-Xn, tcmK-]o-V... PohnXw Akz-Ø-X-bpsS Aán Fcn-bp¶ s\cn-t¸m-Sm-bn. BZy B¬Ip-ªn-\p-tijw cv s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ. Gsd Ign--ªXn\p tij-am-Wv, sR«n-¸n-¡p¶ bmYmÀ°yw chn-{µ³ amjnsâ IpSpw_w Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xv, B Ip«n-Ifpw _p²n-amµyw DÅ-h-cm-sW-¶v. Hcp km[m-cW IpSpw-_-¯n\pw DÄs¡m-Åm-\m-hm¯ òI-c-amb bmYmÀ°yw! kzt_m-[-t¯m-sS, ]nSn-¨p-\n-ev¡m-\m-hm-sX, Ipªp-§-fpsS A½, at\m-hn-{`m-ńÂ Hcp Bizm-k-sa-¶-t]mseA`bw tXSn. cho-{µ³ amjnsâ IpSpw-_-Po-hnXw BsI XInSw adn-ªp. F¶n«pwamjv AXv`pXm-h-l-amb Xc-¯nÂ ]nSn-¨p-\n-¶p. bmYmÀ°y§fp-ambn ka-c-k-s¸-«v,Ip«n-I-fpsS NnInÂk, ]cn-io-e-\w, `mcy-bpsS NnInÂk FÃmw \Ã-co-Xn-bnÂ \S-¯n.AXn-\nsS km¼-¯n-I-ambn ]qÀ®-ambn XIÀ¶p. hnSpw Øe-hp-sams¡ hnämWvòa-amb NnInÂkbv¡v hgn tXSn-b-Xv.

cho-{µ³ amjntâbpw IpSpw-_-¯n-sâbpw BsI hcp-am-\w, A[ym-]-I-tPm-en-bnÂ \n¶pw e`y-amb i¼fw am{Xw. \Ã \ne-bnÂ Pnhn¨ncp¶ IpSpw-_w, hmSI

27

ho«n-te¡v Xmakw amäm³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-cm-bn. A§s\ PohnXw ASn-t¨Â¸n¨sImSnb

{Zpc- -§-fpsS BSn-D-e-b-enepw Akm-am-\y-amb a\:Êm¶n-[y-t¯msS cho-{µ³amjvA[ym-]I tPmenbpw IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn apt¶m-«p-t]m-bn. amjv tPmen-bnÂ\n¶pw ]cn-ªp. tPmen-bnÂ\n¶pw hnc-an-¡p-t¼mÄIn-«nb ]W-sam-¶pw, `oa-amb ISw ho«m³ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-Ã. a\;kvXm]-§-fpsS k¦-S-¡-S-enÂ, F¶n«pwamjv ]nSn-¨p-\n-ev¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. a¡sf Bhpw-hn-[-¯nÂ ]cn-N-cn-¨p. kvs]jyÂkvIqfp-I-fnÂ ]Tn-¸n-¨p. `mcysb NnInÂkn-¨p. AXn-\n-sS--bmWv Hcp tdmU-]-I-S-¯nÂs]«v cho-{µ³amjv i¿m-h-ew-_n-bm-Ip-¶-Xv. Pohn-Xs¯ Zpc´w ]nSn-hn-SmsX ]n´p-S-cp-t¼mgpw Xf-cmsX ]nSn-¨p-\n¶ amjv, ]n¶o-sSm-cn-¡epw t_m[-¯n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-h-¶-tX-bn-Ã. AXn-\nsS `mcy im´-Ip-am-cnbpw at\m-tcmKw apÀÑn¨vtemI-t¯mSv hnS-]-d-ªp. aq¶p-a-¡Ä, H¶pw Xncn- -dn-bm-\m-Im-sX, A\m-Y-Xz-¯nsâ thZ-\bpw ]nS-¨n-ep-a-dn-bm-sX, GsXm-s¡tbm A\mY aµn-c-§-fnÂ hkn-¡p-¶p. _p²n-am-µy-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ Hcp Pohn-X-s¯, IpSpw-_-s¯, F§ns\thtcmsS ]pgp-sX-dn-bp-¶p-sh-¶-Xnsâ hnh-c-W-am-Wv, cho-{µ³ am-jnsâ Pohn-Xw.Cu IpSpw-_-¯n\v kmaq-ly-ambn Hcp ]cn-KW-\bpw e`y-am-bn-Ã. Hcp-]-s£,kvt\l-¯nsâ Hcp lkvX-Zm-\w, Imcp-Wy-¯nsâ Hcp Ic-pXÂ, Hcp kam-izm-kw,henb tXmXnÂ C¯cw IpSpw-_-§sf klm-bn-¡pw.

28

A²ym-bw-þ2

t\c-s -I-s -¯Â (Early Identification / Early Detection)

GXv ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bp-tSbpw {]Y-ahpw {][m-\-hp-amb `mK-amWv {]iv\w

t\cs¯ Is- pI F¶-Xv. icn-bmb coXn-bnÂ akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä

Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\v, imkv{Xo-bhpw kmt¦-Xn-I-hp-amb Ht«sd aps¶m-cp-¡-§Ä A\n-hm-cy-

am-Wv. akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw t\cs¯ Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-saÃmw

hnI-knX cmPy-§Ä A\p-hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ kao]-\w, hfsc amXrIm-]-c-am-Wv. P\n-XI

Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, bph-Xo-bp-hm-¡Ä¡v kvIqÄ Xe-¯nÂ \ÂIp¶ t_m[-hÂ¡-cWw,

A -Sn-þ-Zr-iy-þ-ssk-_À am[y-a-§-fn-eqsS \S-¯p¶ hym]I {]Nm-cW-§Ä F¶n-h-

sbÃmw hfsc Kuc-h-ambn \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v. akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä Dm-hp-¶-Xn-\pÅ

hnhn[ Imc-W-§Ä, t\ct¯ Xncn- -dnªv ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v hfsc hym]-I-amb

t_m[-hÂ¡-cWamWv AhnsS \S-¯p-¶Xv. P\n-X-I-amb {]iv\-§Ä¡v km[y-X-

bpÅ IpSp-_-§-fnÂ P\-änIv Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, akvXnjvI tcmK-§-fpsS km[y-X-IÄ

CÃm-Xm-¡m-\pÅ {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§Ä, F¶n-h-sbÃmw IqSp-XÂ Pm{K-X-tbmsS \S-¸m-

t¡--Xp-v.

sshZy-imkv{X cwK-¯v, kmt¦-XnI hnImkw AXy-Ûp-X-I-c-am-bmWv \S-¶p-h-

cp-¶-Xv, P\n-X-I-imkv{Xw (Genetics), ssPhkmt¦-Xn-IX (Bio Technology), \mt\m-km-

t¦-Xn-IX (Nano Technology), hn¯ptImi kmt¦-Xn-IX (Stem Cell Technology)

XpS§nbh henb Xpd-Êp-I-fmWv tcmK-¯n-sâbpw sshI-ey-¯n-sâbp-sams¡ ]cn-lm-

c-amÀ¤-§Ä¡v A\p-h-Zn¨p \evIp-¶-Xv. `mhn, henb {]Xym-i-Ifpw {]Xo-£-Ifpw

\evIp-¶p. t\c-t¯, {]iv\w Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\v, imkv{X-þ-km-t¦-XnI hnIm-k-¯nsâ

Ah-k-c-§Ä KpW-]-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶ Imcy-¯nÂ kwi-b-sam-¶p-an-

Ã. sshI-ey-ta-Xp-an-Ãm-¯, a\p-jy-P-\-\-s -¡p-dn-¨pÅ sshZy-imkv{X k¦-ev]-§Ä

tIhew `mh-\-I-f-Ã, bmYmÀ°y-am-hp-¶Xv Xs¶-bm-Wv.

29

sshZy-im-kv{X-cw-K-¯v, tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp¶ taJ-e-

bnÂ Dm-¡n-sb-Sp-t¡-, ap³Icp-X-ep-IÄ Fs´-ÃmamWv? {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§-fn-eq-sSbpw

icn-bm-b-Nn-InÂkm ]²-Xn-bn-eq-sS-bp-sa-Ãmw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-Å-hÀ Dm-

hp¶ kml-Ncyw F§s\ Hgn-hm¡mw? C¶v \½psS Bip-]-{X-In-fnÂ, {]Xn-

tcm[ amÀ¤-§-Ä kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xnepw t\cs¯ Xnc- -dn-bp¶ Imcy-¯n-ep-saÃmw Ht«td

]cn-an-Xn-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p. Gähpw ]c-a-{]-[m-\-ambn hnZ-Kv²À Nqn-¡m-«n-b-Xv, sshZy-

im-kv{X-]-T\ ]²-Xn-bnÂ, hnI-emw-K-]-T-\s¯ (Disability Studies) IqSp-XÂ Bg-¯nÂ

a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-Ncyw krjvSn-¡-Ww F¶mWv. Hm«n-kw, ÌÀPv sh_À

kn³t{Umw XpS-§n-bht]mepÅ AXn-Kp-cp-X-c-amb akvXnjvI {]iv\-§sf kw_-

Ôn¨v \½psS sshZy-ta-J-e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡pÅ Adnhpt]mepw Xptemw ]cn-

an-X-am-sW¶v tUmIvSÀamÀXs¶ k½-Xn-¡p-¶p. AXn-\mbn sshZy-imkv{X ]mTy-]-²-

Xn-bnepw t\gvknwKv ]T-\-]-²-Xn-bn-epw, ]mcm-sa-Un-¡Â ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn-ep-sam-s¡, hnI-

emwK ]T\w (Disability Studies) Hcp {][m\ t]¸-dmbn ]cn-K-Wn¨v ]cn-io-en¸n-¡-Ww.

Cu hnj-b-¯nÂ B[p-\nI Ah-t_m[w \½psS sshZy-im-kv{X-k-aq-l-¯n\v Dm-¡n-

sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ kXzc \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-t¡--Xp-v.

AwK³hm-Sn þ {]nss{]-adn A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\-¯nÂ, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb

shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v {]tXy-In¨v ]mT-§fpw Ah t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bm-\pÅ

{]mtbm-KnI amÀ¤-§fpw DÄs¸-Sp-t - -Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AXn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kXz-

c-ambn kzoI-cn-t¡--Xp-v. akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä aqe-apÅ am\-kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-

amb ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw icn-bmb coXn-bnÂ XpSÀ tkh-\-

§Ä, {]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw, _lp-ssh-ZKv²y kao-]\w

(Multi Disciplinary Approach) kzoI-cn-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, ]c-a-{]-[m-\-am-Wv.

sshZy-imkv{X hnZ-Kv²-cm-b, \yqtdm-f-Pn-Ìv, inip at\m-tcm-K-hn-Z-Kv²³,

iniptcmK-hn-Z-Kv²³, ^nkn-bm-{Sn-Ìv, sskt¡m-f-PnÌv apX-emb hnZ-Kv²sc Gähpw

Ipd-ª-Xv, Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn- Xew apX-se-¦nepw \ntbm-Kn-t¡- -Xv, AXym-h-iy-am-

Wv. ]e-t¸mgpw GsX-¦nepw Hcp hnZ-Kv²sâ \nco-£-W-¯nepw NnInÂk-bnepw am{Xw,

]cn-N-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ Ipªnsâ hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡-s -SmsX t]mhp-I-tbm,

AXp-sImv Xs¶ Ipªn-\m-h-iy-amb {]iv\ ]cn-lmc amÀ¤-§Ä \S-¸n-em-hm-sXtbm

30

hcp-¶p. F{Xbpw t\c-s¯, {]iv\w Is- pI F¶-Xn-\À°w, `mhn-bnÂ \njv^-e-

amb AsÃ-¦nÂ _m[y-X-bmbn amdp¶ Hcp P\-\-s¯, {Inbm-ß-I-ambn kw`m-

h\ \evIm-hp¶ ]uc-Xz-¯n-te¡v DbÀ¯pI F¶-XmWv.

_p²n-am-µyw, Hm«nkw apX-emb {]iv\-§Ä ]e-t¸mgpw t\cs¯ Is-¯msX

t]mhp¶ kml-N-cy-amWv \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xv. hnZ-Kv²-cpsS A`m-h-am-Wv, Gähpw {][m\

{]iv\w. tIc-f-¯nse {Kma-{]-tZ-i-§-fnse km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb P\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨v,

AhÀ Ah-ew-_n-¡p¶Xv s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy tI{µ-§-sf-bm-Wv. Fs´ms¡ ]cn-an-Xn-

IÄ Bt£-]n-¨mepw kÀ¡mÀ \nb-{ -W- n-epÅ BtcmKy tI{µ-§-fn-epÅ P\-hn-

izmkw C¶pw \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. kuP-\y -Nn-InÂkbpw acp-¶p-sam-s¡, tIc-f- nse

Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bpsS {]kàn temI {i²-bn-te¡v sImp-h-cm³ klm-bn-¨p. kzImcy

Bip-]-{Xn-Ifpw \½psS s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy taJe-bnÂ khn-tij ]¦mfn¯w hln-¡p-

¶p-v. hnZ-Kv²-cpsS A]-cym-]vX-X, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«nkw XpS-§nb {]iv\-§Ä

t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v XS-Ê-ambn tIc-f- nÂ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v.

akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä aqe-apÅ sshI-ey-§-sfm-gn¨v aäpsshI-

ey§-fmb AÔ-X, _[n-c-X, imco-cnI sshI-ey-§Ä F¶n-h-bp-sS-sbÃmw \nc-¡p-IÄ

KWy-amb tXmXnÂ Ipd-bv¡m³ BtcmKy taJ-e-bpsS hnZ-Kv²-amb kmaqly CS-s]-S-

en-eqsS tIc-f-¯n\v Ign-ªp. AtXmsSm¸w hym]I {]Xn-tcm[ Ip¯n-sh¸pw aäv ]

²-Xn-Ifpw \Ã-tXm-XnÂ C¯cw sshI-ey-§-fpsS km[y-Xsb Ipd-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-

bn-¨p. ]s£, AXv`pX-I-c-amb bmYmÀ°yw B[p-\nI imkv{X-km-t¦-XnI hnIm-k-

¯n-\n-S-bnepw akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶p F¶X-m-Wv.

akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§fpw sshI-ey-§fpw hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xnsâ Imc-W-

ambn hnZ-Kv²À ]d-bp-¶-Xv, \sÃmcp iX-am\w (G-Xmv 35 iX-am-\w) Imc-W-§fpw

C¶pw AÚm-X-am-sW-¶m-Wv. Nne Imc-W-§Ä¡v {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-§Ä ^e-{]-Z-am-

hm-sXbpw hcp-¶p. s]mXpsh kaq-l-¯nÂ IqSp-XÂ NÀ -sN-¿-s -Sp¶ Hcp {]iv\-

am-Wv, Hm«n-kw. ]¯p hÀjw ap¼v, ]Xn-\m-bncw Ip«n-IÄ P\n-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn-sem-

cmÄ¡v Hm«nkw kvs]Iv{Sw UntkmÀUÀ (ASD) Dm-hp-¶p F¶m-bn-cp-¶p IW¡v, ]

t£ Ct¸mÄ temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\- ]d-bp-¶-Xv, Hmtcm 88 P\\-¯nÂ Hcp Hm«nkw

Dm-Ip¶p F¶m-Wv. Is-¯p¶ \nc¡v IqSn-b-Xm-Wv Cu hÀ²-\-hn\v Hcp Imc-W-ambn

31

hnZ-Kv²À Nqn-¡m-«p-t¼mÄX-s¶, {Iam-Xo-X-amb Cu hÀ²\hn\p-Im-c-Ww, ]mcn-Øn-Xn-

I, kmaq-ly-þ-am-\-knI {]iv\-§-fm-sW¶v Nne hnZ-Kv²À hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶p. GXm-

bmepw Cu hnj-b-¯nÂ, \nc¡v hÀ²n-¡p-¶p-sh¶ `bm-\I bmYmÀ°yw `mhn-bnÂ

Kpcp-X-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bm-¡p-sa¶v Xs¶-bm-Wv Icp-tX-Xv.

tIc-fw-t]m-se, Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bnÂ, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb henb kw`m-h-\-IÄ

\ÂInb kaqlw Cu A]-ISap\-¼n\v ap¶nÂ ]I-¨p-\nÂ¡p-¶-Xn\v ]I-cw, IrXy-amb

imkv{Xob At\z-j-W-§Ä¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-¡-Ww. CXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Kth-jW

Øm]-\-§Ä F{Xbpw thKw Bcw-`n-¡pI F¶-XmWv {][m-\-s¸« Npa-X-e.

tIc-f- nÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw,

ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶o taJ-e-I-fn-se, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-hp-ambn

_Ô-s¸«v Kth-j-Wm-[n-jvTnX-amb Hcp Øm]-\w, XpS-§p-I-sb-¶-Xv, Gähpw A\n-hm-

cy-am-sW-¶v, ASn-h-c-bn-Sp¶ A\p- -h-§-fm-Wv, s]mXp-hnÂ tIc-f-¯nÂ At§m-f-an-

t§m-f-apÅ knän-wKp-I-fnÂ\n¶pw {]tXy-In-¨v, Cu cwKs¯ Kth-j-I-sc-bpw, saUn-

¡Â hnZ-Kv²-sc-bp-sams¡ ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v \S-¯nb inev]-im-e-I-fnÂ\n¶pw Dcp-¯n-

cnª A`n-{]m-b-§-fnÂ\n¶v t_m[y-am-b-Xv Kth-jW Øm]-\-§Ä XpS-§p-¶Xv

aqew A´ÀtZ-iob Xe-¯n-epÅ ]T-\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Adnhv Fä-hpw-thKw,

kaq-l-¯n-se-¯n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. Cu dnt¸mÀ«nÂ \nÀt±-in¨ kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-

{µs¯ Cu taJ-e-bnse B[n-Im-cnI Kth-j-W-tI-{µ-ambn hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-XmWv KpW-

I-c-am-Ip-I.

akvXnjvI {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯nÂ ka-b-

¯n-\mWv, \nÀ®m-bI {]k-àn-. F{Xbpw t\c-s¯, H«pw sshIm-sX, hnZ-Kv²-tk-

h\w Dd-¸m-¡p-t¼mÄ, IqSp-XÂ, Ign-hp-Å, {Inbm-ti-jn-bpÅ hyàn-I-fmbn Ahsc

hfÀ¯m-\pw, Ah-cpsS `mhn Pohn-Xw, {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-¡m\pw Ign-bpw. AXp-sIm-p-

Xs¶ C¡m-cy-¯nÂ Ct¸mÄ \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ Dt]-£, Ime-hn-fw-_w, Ncn-{X-]-c-amb

sXämbn Ncn{Xw hymJy-\n-¡m-\nS-bp-v. akvXnjvI kw_-Ôamb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-

hÀ Hä-t\m-«-¯nÂ Zriy-c-Ãm- -Xp-sImpw ]e {]iv\-§fpw kmam-\y-ambn Xncn- -dn-bm³

Ign-bm¯ hnj-b-am-b-Xp-sImpw s]mXpsh t\ct¯ Xncn- -dn-ªv, hnZ-Kv²-amb ]cn-io-

e\w e`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-Ncyw DmIp-¶n-Ã.

32

]e-t¸mgpw Xncn- -dn-ªmÂ Xs¶-bpw, hymP NnInÂk-IÀ, hnizmk NnInÂk-

IÀ XpS§n ]e-cp-sSbpw \nb-{´-W§Ä¡v hnt[-b-am-hp-Ibpw sImSnb Nqj-W-¯n\v

Cc-bm-hp¶ kml-N-cyhpw Dv. CXv Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡m³, \ne-hn-epÅ \nb-a-¯nsâ hIp-

¸p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v ià-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡p-I-tbm, \nb-a-¯nsâ hIp-¸p-

IÄ¡v, C¯cw Nqj-Isc \nb-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw in£n¡p-¶-Xn\pw {]m]vXn-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ ]

pXnb \nbaw Xs¶ Dm-¡p-Itbm sN¿m³ kÀ¡mÀ ap³ssI FSp-¡-Ww. Aim-kv{Xo-

b-amb Hcp CS-s]-S-en\pw Dulm-t]m-l-§-fpsSbpw Ah-Imi hmZ-§-fp-tS-bp-saÃmw

t]cnÂ \S-¯p¶ NnInÂk-bv¡-psam-¶pw, Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ CSw \evIm-\pÅ

kml-Ncyw Dm-I-cp-Xv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sshI-ey-¯nsâ tXmXv \nÀ®-bn-

¡p-I-sb-¶Xv hfsc k¦oÀ®-amb {]{In-b-bm-b-Xp-sImv amXm-]n-Xm-¡sf kw_-

Ôn¨v ]e _p²n-ap-«p-Ifpw t\cn-tS-n-h-cp-¶p. aäp shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s -Sp-¯p-

t¼mÄ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpsS sshI-eym-hØ Ipd-bp-¶tXm (Regressive)

IqSp-¶tXm (Progressive) AÃ, Cu ØnXn-hn-tijw ]cn-K-Wn¨v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-

fn-IÄ \nÀ®bn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ coXn-IÄ eLq-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cn¡pw A`n-Im-ayw. _p²n-am-

µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\

sshIeyw F¶n-§s\ {]iv\-\nÀ®-b-¯n\v (Assessment) {]mam-WnI (Standardised) ]cn-

tim-[\m amÀ¤-§Ä \ne-hn-ep-Å-h-bv¡v, DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, _p²n-am-µy-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v

ADPMR (Assessement of Disability in Persons with Mental Retardation), ssiih at\m-tcm-K-

¯ns\ kw_-Ôn¨v IDEAS (Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment) AtX-t]mse Hm«n-

k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ISSA (Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism) F¶n-h-IqSn D]-tbm-

Kn¨v, {]iv\-\nÀ®bw \S-¯p¶ {]{In-b-IÄ F§s\ eLq-I-cn-¡m-sa¶v Btcm-Ky-h-Ip-

¸nse hnj-b-hn-Z-Kv²À ]p\-cm-tem-Nn-¡-Ww.

AtXm-sSm¸w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fnÂ Xs¶, Ønc-ambn \ne-\n-ev¡p¶

Ah-Ø-I-fmb _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o

{]iv\m-h-Ø-IÄ Ipd-bp-¶tXm (Regressive) IqSp-¶tXm (Progressive) AsÃ¶v

imkv{Xn-b-ambn hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xp-sIm-v, Cu hn`m-Ks¯ kw_-Ôn-¨v, hnI-emwK kÀ«n-

33

^n-¡-äv, BPo-h-\m-´-Im-e-t¯¡v Ønc-ambn \evIp-¶-XmWv bpàn-k-lw. c£n-Xm-

¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, Ah-cpsS Ip«n-I-sf-bp-ambn hnhn[ Hm^o-kp-I-fnÂ hnI-emwK kÀ«n-

^n-¡-än-\mbn Ib-dn- C-d-§p¶ AhØ Hgn-hm-¡-s¸-tS- -XmWv.

ssiih at\m-tcm-Khpw ]T\ sshI-ey-hp-am-Wv, Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xnepw

hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ Dd-¸p-\-evIp-¶-Xnepw akvXnjvI {]iv\-§-fnÂXs¶ ]nt¶m¡w

\nev¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä. BZyta, hnj-bw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-K-Wn¨v Bh-iy-amb

hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ Dd¸v hcp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, IqSp-XÂ k¦oÀ®-amb kml-N-cy-¯n-

te¡v hgp-Xn-t¸m-Im-sX, kzm`m-hnI PohnX-¯n-te¡v Chsc \bn-¡m-\m-Ipw.

ssiihL«-¯nÂ Xs¶, NnInÂk \ÂtI Hcp tcmK-amWv ssiih at\m-

tcmKw. CXv t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn-eqsS `mhn-bnÂ _p²n-ssh-I-ey-¯n-tebv¡pw

at\m-tcm-K-¯n-te¡pw \bn-¡p-¶Xv XS-bm-\m-Ipw. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-¯n\v ]cn-lmc amÀ¤-

§Ä Ah-ew-_n¨v `mhn-bnÂ Dm-Im-\n-SbpÅ _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ Ah-Ø-bnÂ \n¶pw

Ipªp-§sf c£-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pw B-hpw. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶p-sh-

¶v, ]©m-b¯v {]mtZ-inI Xe-¯nÂ t_m[y-s¸-Sp¶ tIkp-IÄ d^À sN¿p-t¼mÄ,

Hmtcm Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn-X-e- n-se-¦nepw kuI-cy-§Ä kÖ-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. _p²n-

am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-§Ä F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v ]

cn-lm-c-þ]-cn-io-e\ amÀ¤-§Ä¡v hnhn[ Øm]-\-§-fn-te¡v \nÀt±-in-¡m-sa-¦n-epw, \ne-

hnÂ ssiih at\m-tcm-K- n\v ]cn-lmcw \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ Øm]-\-§-sfm¶pw e`y-a-Ã.

AXp-sIm-pX-s¶, Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnÂ \nÀ_Ô-am-bpw, ssk¡m{Sn hmÀUn-t\m-

S-\p-_-Ôn¨v inip-a-t\m-tcmK Ivfn\n-¡p-IÄ Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw Bh-iy-amb tkh\w

Ip«n-IÄ¡v e`y-am-Ip-¶p-s¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw thWw.

t\ct¯ Is -¯Â þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-sb¶ Kpcp-X-c-amb akvXn-jvI-{]-iv\-apÅ Ip«n-

I-fpsS P\\w XS-bp-¶-Xn\v {]mY-an-I, ZznXo-b, XrXob {]Xn-tcm[ amÀ¤-

§Ä (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Preventive Measures) ià-ambpw Imcy-£-a-

ambpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.

34

KÀ`n-WnI-fmbhÀ¡v BZy-L«w apXÂ IrXy-ambn tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ Ip¯n-

sh-bv¸p-IÄ \ÂIp¶p F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ Bim-hÀt¡gvkv,

tPymXnkv, {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µ¯nse anUvssh^p-amÀ F¶nh-cpsS

tkh\w IqSp-XÂ Imcy-£-a-am-¡Ww.

P·-\m-bpÅ sshI-ey-§Ä Xncn-¨-dnªv hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ¡v

{]tXyIkwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp-¯Ww. ChÀ¡mbn {]tXyI ¢n\n-¡p-IÄ

{]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI{µ§Ä apXÂ XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.

KÀ`-[m-c-W-¯n-\p-ap-¼mbn A½-amÀ¡v P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \ÂIp-¶-

Xn\v {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µw apXÂ Xs¶ kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-

Ww.

Iuam-c-{]m-b-¯n-epÅ B¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw, s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw sshI-ey-

apÅIpªp-§fpmhm-\pÅ km[y-X-Isf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

hnhml]qÀÆ Iu¬kn-enw-Kv, kvIqÄ, tImtfPv Xe-¯nÂ Xs¶ \ÂIp-

¶-Xn\v hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \ne-hn-epÅ GsX-¦nepw GP-³knIsf

Npa-Xes¸Sp- -Ww.

_p²n-amµyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih

at\mtcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶o akvXnjv¡ {]iv\-§Ä {Iam-Xo-X-

ambn hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ tIc-fob kml-Ncyw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-

¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb Kth-j-W-tI{µw tIc-f-¯nÂ Øm]n-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bpsS km{µX \nÀ®-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ \ne-hn-epÅ

{]mam-WnI ]cn-tim-[\m amÀ¤-§Ä ( Standardised Assessment Methods)

IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v \nÀ®-b-coXn F§s\ eLq-I-cn-¡m-sa¶v taJ-e-

bnse hnj-b-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnZ-Kv²-cpambn Atem-Nn-¨v,

imkv{Xobhpw F¶mÂ k¦oÀ®X Ipd-ª-Xp-amb amÀ¤-¯n-eqsS

F{Xbpw thKw shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw hnI-emwK kÀ«n-

^n-¡äv e`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-kcw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn Dm-¡-Ww.

_p²n-amµyw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, Hm«n-kw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o Ah-

Ø-IÄ ]qÀ®-ambpw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¨n-«n-Ãm-

35

-Xn-\mÂ, Cu hn`m-K-¯n\v {]iv\w \nÀ®-bn¨v BPo-h-\m´ hnI-emwK

kÀ«n-^n-¡äv \ÂI-Ww.

tIkv ÌUn-

Hm«nkw _m[n¨ Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn- pÅ s]mXp-[m-cW hnZ-Kv²-cnÂ t]mepw hfsc ]cn-an-X-am-Wv. sshZ-Kv²y-ap-Å-h-cpsS A_-²-[m-c-W-IÄ sImv, {]bm-k-§Ä A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS A\p- -h-§Ä I½o-j\v ap¶nÂ hoi-Zo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p. KpÂj\v Hm«n-k-¯nsâ e£-W-§Ä{]I-S-am-¡-s¸« Zn\w apXÂ, tUmIvSÀam-cnÂ\n¶pw tUmIvS-Àam-cn-te¡v \nc-´c At\z-j-W- n-em-bn-cp¶p c£n-Xm-¡Ä. Akm-[m-c-W-amb coXn-bn-epÅ ssl¸À BIvSn-hn-änbpw Akz-Ø-Xbpw{]I-Sn- n-¡p¶ Ipªv. H«pw AXn-itbm-àn-bn-ÃmsX ]d-ªmÂ Cu khn-ti-jX {]I-S-ambaq¶p hb-Êp-ap-XÂ, C¶v 15 hb-Ên-se-¯n-\n-ev¡p¶ kqZoÀL-amb Cu Ime-b-f-hn-\n-S-bnÂ Hcn-¡Ât]mepw kzØ-X-tbmsS Ign-bm³, c£n-Xm-¡sf A\p-h-Zn- n-«n-Ã.

hnhn[ tUmIvSÀamsc kao-]n-¨p. Atem- Xn tUmIvSÀamÀ, BbpÀtÆZ tUmIvSÀamÀ,tlmantbm tUmIvSÀamÀ, \mS³ NnInÂk XpS§n ]e-Xpw. \nwlm³kv apXÂ sXt¡-C- y-bnseapgp-h³ hnZKv² tI{µ-§-fnepw Ipªp-ambn BgvN-I-tfm-fhpw amk-§-tfm-fhpw ]e-bn-S¯pw Xma-kn-¨p. KpÂjsâ AÑ\pw A½bpw kÀ¡mÀ kÀÆo-knÂ D¶X DtZymKw hln-¡p-¶-h-cm-b-Xp-sIm-v, km¼- n-I-ambn ]nSn-¨p-\nÂ¡m³ Ign-bp¶p F¶p-am-{Xw. hnZ-Kv²sc tXSn-bpÅ Cu \nc-´c bm{X-Ifpw NnInÂk-Ifpw Ip«n-bnÂ Fs -¦nepw hn[-¯n-epÅ KpW- -e-§Ä Dm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ klm-bn-¨n-«n-Ã. A½bpw AÑ\pw BsI XfÀ¶p. KpÂjsâ tN¨n-bpsS Hcp Imcy- nepwc£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v {i²n-¡ms\ Ign-ªn-«n-Ã.

Ip«n-bnse B{I-anIX (Aggressiveness) Gsd Ak-l-b-\o-b-am-Wv. hoSmsI Cf-¡n-adn¨n«n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ho«p-]-I-c-W§tfms¡ XIÀ -cn-¡p-¶p. Ip«nsb hkv{Xw [cn-¸n-¡m³ t]mepw Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. Ign-ª -IptdhÀj-§-fm-bn, kÀ¡mÀ tPmen-sN-¿p¶ Z¼-Xn-IÄ Dugw-sh- mWv Dd-§p-¶-Xv. Dd-¡-an-Ãmbva Cu Z¼-Xn-I-fpsS Btcm-Kys¯ hÃmsX _m[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. cà k½À±hpw{]ta-lhpw cp-t]-scbpw AXy-[nIw Ae-«p-¶p. Ct¸mÄ Ipd-¨p-Im-e-ambn kvs]jyÂ kvIqfnÂsImp-t]m-Ip¶ kabw am{X-amWv Bizm-kw. cp-t]cpw tPmen¡v t]mIp-t¼mÄ, B kabwkvs]jyÂ kvIqfnÂ sImp-sN-¶m-¡pw. Ah-cpsS Imcp-WyamWv C¶v GI Bizm-kw.

Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v C¶v kPo-h-amb NÀ¨ \S-¡p-t¼mgpw KpÂj-s\-t¸m-epÅ Hm«nkw _m[n-X-sc-¸än Gsd-sbm¶pw ]d-ªp-tIÄ¡p-¶n-Ã. Npcp-§nb Ime NnInÂk-bn-eq-sSbpw AX-sÃ-¦nÂ ]cn-ioe\¯n-eq-sSbpw AXyÂ`p-X-§Ä Iem-]-c-ambpw aäpw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-hÀam{Xta s]mXp-k-aq-l-¯nsâ {i²-bnÂ hcm-dp-Åp. A¯cw anI¨ {]hÀ -\-£-a-X-bp-Å-hsc(High Functioning Autism) BtLm-j-]qÀÆw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mgpw `qcn-]£w hcp¶ KpÂj³am-cpsS{]iv\§Ä¡v ]cn-K-W\ e`y-am-hmsX Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä t\cn-Sp¶ kam-\-X-I-fn-Ãm¯ Zpc- -§Ä Bcpw Adnbp¶n-Ã. C¯cw \nXy {]iv\-Im-cn-I-fmb Ip«n-I-fpsS IqS- n-d-¸p-I-fmb ktlm-Z-co-k-tlm-Z-c-·mcpw aäv IpSpw-_mw-K-§fpw A\p- -hn-¡p¶ {]bm-k-§Ä Bcpw Xncn-¨-dnbs¸-SmsXt]mIp-¶p.

Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v C¶pw At\z-j-W-§Ä ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. Imc-W-sa-s -t¶m, ]cn-lm-c-sa-s´t¶m H¶pw IrXy-ambn ]d-bm³ B[p-\nI imkv{X-¯n\v Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. hn]p-e-amb tXmXn-epÅ At\z-j-W-§fpw Kth-j-W-§fpw temI-amsI Xzcn-X-K-Xn-bnÂ \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-psh-¶-XmWv Bizm-kw.

Hmtcm Hm«nk_m[n-X\pw AXp-ey-\mb hyàn-bm-Wv. AXn-\À°w, asämcp Hm«n-k-apÅIp«n-bp-ambn thsdm-cmÄ¡pw Hcp hn[-¯nepw kam-\-X-I-fn-Ã. GsX-¦nepw ]T\ k{¼-Zm-b-§Ä

36

FÃm Hm«nk _m[n-XÀ¡pw- Hcp-t]mse ê-{]-Z-ambn In-«n-Ã. Adnª A\p- -h-§fpw ]Tn¨ ]mT-§-fp-sam-¶pw, Hm«nk_m[n-X-sc, ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw D]-bp-à-am-I-W-sa-t¶-bn-Ã. CXv hÃm-s¯mcp shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. tUmIvSÀamsc kw_-Ôn¨v AhÀ Hcp Hm«nk _m[n-X\p \ÂIp¶ acp¶v asäm-cmÄ¡v KpW-I-c-ambn `hn-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, NnInÂk, ]cn-io-e\w FÃmw-Xs¶ Hm«n-k-_m-[n-Xsc kw_-Ôn¨v A{X efn-X-ambn ssIImcyw sN¿m-hp¶ hnj-b-§-f-Ã. Nne-t¸mÄ Gsd Znh-k-§-fpsS {ia-^-e-ambn am{X-ta, sNdnb Hcp Imcyw t]mepw ]Tn- n-s¨-Sp-¡p-hm³ Ignªp F¶p-h-cn-I-bp-Åq. aäp-Nn-e-t¸mÄ {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Hcp Ip«nsb kw_-Ôn¨v ê-{]-Z-sa¶v Icp-Xnb amÀ¤-§Ä asämcp Ip«n¡v KpW-I-c-am-I-W-sa-¶n-sÃ¶v am{X-a-Ã, tZmj-I-c-ambpw kw -hn-t¨-¡mw. ]s£, henb amä-§Ä ]e-cnepw ImWm\pw km[y-X-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p.AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, kq£va-X-tbm-sS-bpÅ Ah-[m-\-X-tbm-sS-bpÅ Kuc-h-]qÀ®-amb kao-]\w Ch-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk Imcy- nÂ AXym-´m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. kqjva-_p-²nbpw AtXm-sSm¸wkaÀ¸W a\-Êp-apÅ ]cn-io-e-Isc Cu taJ-e-bnÂ AXym-h-iy-ambpw \ntbm-Kn-¨mse, Fs -¦nepwê-{]-Z-amb amäw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eqsS Ip«n¡v BÀÖn-¡m-\m-hq.

kpZoÀLhpw £am-]qÀ®-hp-amb ]cn-N-c-W- n-eq-sS, AÛp-X-I-c-amb amäw Hm«nkw Ip«n-bnÂ Dm-¡n-sb-Sp¯ A\p- -h-amWv sslZ-cm-_mZv kztZ-in-bmb PeP \mcm-b-W\v ]¦p-sh-bv¡p-hm-\p-Å-Xv. IrjvW-\m-cm-b¬ F¶ Ipªv, Hm«n-k-sa¶ akvXnjvI {]iv\w t\cn-Sp-¶-h-\m-sW-¶vXncn-¨-dnª apXÂ {]mÀ°\m \nÀ -c-amb ]cn-{i-a- n-eq-sS, aIs\ hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ {ia-am-bn-cp-¶p. FÃm-hn[ NnInÂk-Ifpw ]co-£n-s¨-¦n-epw, A½-bpsS D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯m-sSbpw kvt\l-t¯m-sS-bp-apÅ kaÀ¸nX Pohn-X- nsâ hnP-b-KmY IqSn-bm-Wv, IrjvW-\m-cm-b¬ F¶ Ip«n-bpsS Pohn-Xw.

kqZoÀL-amb 24 hb-Ên\p tij-am-Wv, IrjvW\mcm-b¬ BZy hm¡p-¨-cn-¡p-¶Xpw ]qÀ®-amb kwkmc tijn BÀÖn-¡p-¶-Xpw. ap³hn-[n-I-sfm-¶p-an-Ãm-sX, akvXn-jvI-sa¶ AXyÂ`p-X-I-chpw Zpcq-lhpw k¦oÀW-hp-amb Ah-b-h- nsâ hnkva-b-I-c-amb km[y-X-IÄ Hcp-\mÄ Ipªn\vHm«n-k-sa¶ AhØ krjvSn¨ XS-hd-bnÂ\n¶pw c£-t\-Sm³ klm-I-c-am-Ip-sa-¶v, BA½bv¡v ]qÀ®-t_m-[y-ap-m-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ ap³hn-[n-I-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX {]Xym-im-]qÀ®-amb ]cn-N-c-W- nÂ, Ipªns\ hfÀ¨-bpsS Hmtcm ]S-hn-te-¡p-ambn ssI]n-Sn¨p \S¯n. amXr-Xz-¯nsâ DPz-ehpw al-\o-b-hp-amb amXr-I, Pe-P-\m-cm-b¬ F¶ IrjvW-\m-cm-b-Wsâ A½-bnÂXpSn-¨p-\n-¶p.

IrjvW-\m-cm-b-W³ F¶ Hm«nkw _m[n-X-\mb hyàn C¶v ]pkvX-I-§Ä cNn-¡p-¶p.Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\w krjvSn-¡p¶ {]bm-k-§Ä A\p- -h-Ø³ Xs¶ hnh-cn-¡p¶ Aß-I-Ymw-i-apÅ ]pkvX-I-amWv "]mgmb {]Xn- -IÄ' (Wasted Talents) F¶-Xv. cm-a-s¯tbm aq¶m-a-s¯tbm ]pkvXI cN-\-bn-emWv C¶v IrjvW-\m-cm-b-W³. 1994 Â kmln-Xy-¯n-\pÅt\m_Âk-½m\w hm§nb sI³ km_ptdm Hmbv F¶ P¸m³ t\mh-en-Ìnsâ IY-Ifpw t\mh-ep-I-fp-sams¡ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, {][m-\-ambpw lnIm-cn- Hmbv F¶ Xsâ aI-\p-thn At±lw\evInb tkh-\-§-fpsS XymK-]qÀ®-amb A\p- -h-§-fm-Wv. ln¡mcn Hmbv C¶v P¸m-\nÂam{XaÃ temI-amsI Adnb-s¸-Sp¶ kwKoX {]Xn- -bm-Wv.

37

A²ym-bw-þ3

t\c-s -bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention)

t\c-s -bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention) F¶Xv ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bnÂ

asämcp kp{]-[m\ L«-am-Wv. icn-bmb coXn-bnÂ Ip«n-Ifnse {]iv\-§Ä Is¯n

Xncn- -dnªv Ign-ªmÂ, ASp- -Xv, GsXm-s¡, hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-I-fm-Wv, Ip«n-bpsS

kÀÆ-tXm-·p-J-amb hnIm-k-¯n\v A\n-hm-cy-sa¶v a\-Ên-em¡n \S-¸m-¡p-I-bm-Wv.

ChnsS ]T-\-hn-j-b-amb _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw,

ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-I-eyw F¶n-h-bvs¡Ãmw s]mXp-hmbn th CS-s]-SÂ

kwhn-[m-\hpw kwLm-S-\hpw AtXm-sSm¸w khn-ti-j-amb CS-s]-SÂ Bh-iy-apÅ

{]iv\-§fpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡-s¸-tS--Xp-v. s]mXp-sh, Cu {]iv\-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Dm-

hm-\n-S-bpÅ A\p-_Ô ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ

1. imco-cnI Ne-\-§Ä¡pÅ {]bmkw

2. kwkm-c-þ-`mjm {]iv\-§Ä

3. ssZ\w-Zn\ PohnX ss\]p-Wn-I-fpsS ]cn-anXn

4. s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä

5. BtcmKy {]iv\-§Ä F¶n-h-bm-Wv.

]qPyw apXÂ A©p-h-b-Êp-h-sc-bpÅ Hcp Ime-L-«-¯n-em-Wv, apI-fnÂ kqNn-¸n¨

hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp-t - -Xv. Cusbmcp {]mb-¯nÂ, akvXn-jvI-¯nsâ ]

T-\-tijn IqSp-XÂ kPo-h-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ Ime-L«-am-Wv. Adn-hp-I-fpw, Ign-hp-Ifpw

s]s«¶v ]Sn-s -Sp-¡m-hp¶ {]mbw. {]tXy-In¨v aq¶p-h-b-Êp-h-sc-bpÅ Ime-L«w

akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]bm-k-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v Gsd A\ÀL-amb

L«-am-Wv. CXp-kw_-Ôn¨v \ne-hn-epÅ ]T-\-§Ä sXfn-bn-¡p-¶X-v, aq¶p-h-b-Ên\v

ap¼v {]iv\ ]cn-lm-cmÀ°w hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ sshI-ey-

¯nsâ k¦oÀ®X `mhn-bnÂ 80 iX-am\w hsc Ipd-bv¡m-\m-Ip-sa-¶m-Wv.

38

C¶v, \½psS ap¶n-epÅ i¿m-h-ew-_n-I-fm-b, Xo{h-þ-Xo£vW sshI-ey-§Ä t\cn-Sp-

¶-h-sc, A -c-sam-c-h-Ø-bnÂ\n¶p hnap-à-am-¡m-hp¶ kml-N-cy-§Ä Dm-bn-cp-

¶p. ]t£, hnZ-Kv²-cp-tS-tbm, ]Ým- -e-ku-I-cy-§-fp-tStbm A`mhw Imc-Ww,

Ahsc kw_-Ôn-¨v PohnXw, bmX-\m-]qÀÆw XÅn-\o-t¡ _m[y-X-bmbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-

¶p. B[p-\nI L«-¯nÂ, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³ taJ-e-bnÂ, kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS

henb km[y-X-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. Hmtcm hnZKv² taJ-ebpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn

hnImkw {]m]n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ s]mXpsh A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ BtcmKy

{]iv\-§Ä A]kvamcw (Epilepsy), kÀPdn Bh-iy-apÅ sshZy-imkv{X CS-s]-SÂ,

am\-knI tcmK {]iv\-§Ä, aäv Btcm-Ky. {]iv\-§Ä F¶n-h-bm-Wv. A]-kvam-c-sa¶

{]iv\s¯ \tÃm-c-f-hnÂ ]cn-l-cn-¡mt\m \nb-{ń-¡mt\m C¶v Ign-bp-¶p-v. Nne Ip«n-

Isf kw_-Ôn¨v \nc-ćw acp¶p Ign-t¡ kml-N-cy-ap-m-Ipw. A]-kvamcw icn-bmbn

t`Z-s¸-Sp-¯pItbm AsÃ-¦nÂ ]qÀ®-ambpw \nb-{ń¨p \nÀ¯p-Itbm sNbvsX-¦nÂ

am{X-ta, Ip«n¡v aäv hfÀ¨m taJ-e-I-fn-seÃmw AÀ°-]qÀ®-amb hnImkw t\Sn-sb-Sp-

¡m³ Ign-bq. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ sshZy-imkv{X kw_-Ô-amb (\yq-tdm-f-Pn-Ìv) CS-s]-

SÂ F{Xbpw t\cs¯ Dd-¸p-h-cp-t - -Xm-Wv. henb sNehv hcp¶ Kpfn-I-I-fs-Ã-¦n-

epw, C¯cw acp-¶p-I-fpsS \nb-{ńX hnev]\ \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶-Xp-sImv ]e-t¸mgpw ]mh-

s¸« Ip«n-IÄ¡v Cu acp-¶p-IÄ e`y-am-Ip-¶n-Ã. kuP-\y-ambn C¯cw acp-¶p-IÄ

slÂ¯p-skâ-dp-I-fn-epw, C. Fkv. sF. Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ, {]mtZ-inI Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ

F¶n-h-bnÂ kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-Ip¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ ASn-b-ńc \S-]-

Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ GXmv

40-þ50 iX-am\hpw A]-kvamc _m[-bpsS {]iv\w t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv.

akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ hfsc hym]-I-a-sÃ-¦nepw Ip-

h-cp¶ Hcp {]iv\-am-Wv, aäv shÃp-hn-fn-I-tfm-sSm-¸-apÅ am\-knI tcmKm-h-Ø.

AXn{Inb-X (Hyper Activity), {i²-¡p-d-hpÅ AXn-{In-bX (Attention Deficit Hyper Activity)

XpS-§n-bh. ]e-t¸mgpw acp-¶p-IÄ e`y-am-t¡-p¶ Ah-Ø-I-fm-Wn-Xv. hf-sc-¡p-d¨v

t]Àt¡, C -c-samcp kml-N-cy-ap-Åp-sh-¦nepw acp-¶p-IÄ ChÀ¡v e`y-am-hp¶p F¶v

39

Dd¸p hcp-¯n-bn-sÃ-¦nÂ, ]n¶o-SpÅ Ah-cpsS FÃm L«-§-fn-ep-apÅ hfÀ -Isf

_m[n-¡pw.

akvXn-jvI-¯n-\m-Wv, {]iv\-sa-¶p-Å-Xp-sImpXs¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-

Sp-¶-hÀ aäv imco-cnI Akp-J-§Ä¡v Ffp¸w Iogvs¸-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. Ah-cpsS

NnInÂk F¶-Xv, Zpc- -¯nsâ BLmXw t]dp¶ c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v Ffp- -a-

Ã. km[m-c-W, Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnÂ aäv Ip«n-Isf NnIn-Âkbv¡v sImp-t]m-Ip¶ t]mse

Chsc sImp-t]m-Im-\m-In-Ã. AXn-{In-b-X, {i²-¡p-dhv aqe-apÅ AXn-{In-bX, s]cp-

amä {]iv\w, A]-I-S-I-c-amb s]cp-am-ä -{]-iv\-§Ä (Violence, Aggresiveness, Self Injurious

in Behaviour) F¶n-h-sImv Hcp sk¡âp-t]mepw Nne-t¸mÄ Cu Ip«n-Isf \nb-{ń-

¡m-\m-hm¯ AhØ c£n-Xm-¡Ä t\cn-Sp-¶p. s]mXp Øe-¯pw A]-cn-NnX Øe-

§-fnepsam-s¡, Cu Ip«n-I-sfbpw sImv NnInÂk-bv¡mbpw aäm-h-iy-§Ä¡mbpw

Im¯n--cn-¡p¶ Ah-Ø, c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v \c-I-Xp-ey-am-Wv. \o Iyqhn\v ]nd-

Ip-h-i¯v C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS khn-tij Ah-Ø-Im-c-Ww, ]nSn-¨p-\n-ev¡pI F¶-Xv,

a\p-jy-km-[y-amb kml-N-cy-a-Ã. akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-am-b- {]iv\-§Ä aqe-apÅ Nne

khn-tij Ah-Ø-IÄ, Ip«n-I-fpsS kz`m-h-¯nÂ hnNn-{X-sa¶v tXm¶p¶ {]Xn-I-c-W-

§Ä Dm-¡mw. i_vZ-am-\-amb kmaq-ln-Im-h-Ø, P\-\n-_n-U-amb kml-N-cy-§Ä, A]-

cn-Nn-X-amb Npäp]mSv Ch-sbÃmw Ip«n-I-fnÂ Akm-[m-c-W-amb s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä

krjvSn-¡p¶ Nne {àm-h-Ø-IÄ (Syndromes) Dm¡mdp-v. C¯cw Ip«n-Isf km[m-c-W-\n-

e-bnÂ \nb-{ń-¡m³ t]mepw Ign-bm-sX, c£n-Xm-¡Ä s]mXp Øe-§-fnÂ he-bp-I-

bpw, A]-lm-ky-cm-Ip-I-bpw, aäp-Å-h-cnÂ\n¶v ]gn-tIÄ¡p-I-t]mepw sN¿m-dp- v. AXp-

sIm-p-X-s¶, Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnÂ Chsc hcn-\nÀ¯msX Xs¶, ap³K-W-\bpw ]cn-K-

W-\bpw \ÂIn, F{Xbpw s]«¶v NnInÂkm kuIcyw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ kÀ¡mÀ

{]tXyI D -c-hn-eqsS \nÀt±iw \evtI--Xm-Wv.

akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb Ipªp-§-fpsS FÃm NnInÂkbpw (Hm-¸-td-j-\pÄs -sS)

hcp-am\ ]cn[n t\m¡msX ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-ambn \evIpI F¶Xv, F{Xbpw

s]s«¶v \S-¸m-t¡ Hcp `c-W- Xo-cp-am-\-am-Wv.

^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n F¶-Xv, akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\apÅhsc kw_-Ôn¨v

kzm`m-hnI imco-cnI hfÀ¨ t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m³ A\n-hm-cy-ambpw th Hcp ]cn-io-e\ ]²-

40

Xn-bm-Wv. Bh-iy-¯n-\v, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n skâ-dp-IÄ C¶v kwØm\¯v e`y-a-Ã.

kzImcy Øm]-\-§Ä \S-¯p¶ ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n skâ-dp-IÄ km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v

A{]m-]y-am-Wv. t\c-t -Xs¶ ^nkntbm sXdm¸n \evIm-\pÅ kuIcyw Hmtcm

slÂ¯p-skâ-dp-I-fnepw Gähpw Npcp-§n-bXv Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn Xew-h-sc-sb-¦nepw

Dm-tI--Xp-v. hen-sbmcp km¼- nI _m[yX hcm-¯, C¯cw skâ-dp-I-fn-eq-sS, hen-

sbmcp hn`mKw Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm-\pÅ Ah-kcw DmIpw. {XnXe ]©m-b-

¯p-I-fpsS km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sS, hfsc Ffp-¸-¯nÂ henb km¼-¯nI

_m[yX CÃm-sX, Gähpw AXym-hiy D]-I-c-W-§Ä kwL-Sn-¸n¨v ]©m-b-¯p-IÄ

tXmdpw Hmtcm ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸n skâ-dp-IÄ Øm]n-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv H«pw ]W-s -e-th-

dnb Imcy-a-Ã.

Ct¸mÄ tIc-f-¯nÂ kzImcy taJ-e-bnÂ Ht«td ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm¸ntImgvkp-I-

fpsS ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fp-v. ]t£ kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bnÂ, saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-IÄ

tI{µo-I-cn¨v C¯cw tImgvkp-IÄ XpS-§p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-

Wv.

H¡p-t¸-j-WÂ sXdm¸n F¶-Xv, hnI-emwK ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bnÂ A\p-hm-cy-

ambpw th hnZ-Kv² tkh-\-amWv. B tkh\w ]t£, tIc-f- nÂ AXy-]qÀÆ-amb

Hcp hnZ-Kv²-ta-J-e-bm-Wv. kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bn-epÅ Bip-]-{Xn-I-tfm-S-\p-_-Ôn-

¨pt]mepw H¡p-t -j-WÂ sXdm-¸n-Ìp-Isf \nb-an-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. Hm«nkw

t]mepÅ {]iv\-§Ä hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ, Hm«n-k-ap-Å-hsc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-

¸n-¡p-¶-XnÂ, AXym-hiyw th, hnZ-Kv²-hn-`m-K-sa¶ \nebv¡v H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n-

Ìp-Isf Bh-iy-¯n\v e`y-am-hp¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-I-Ww. kÀ¡mÀ saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-

I-tfm-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v H¡p-t¸-j-WÂ sXdm¸n tImgvkp-IÄ ASn-b-´n-c-ambn kÀ¡mÀ

XpS-t§--Xp-v.

kwkm-c-`mjm {]mhoWyw BÀÖn-¡m-\pÅ ]cn-io-e\w \evIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ hnZKv²

tkh-\-Zm-Xm-¡-fpsS A`m-hw, hf-sc-tb-sd-bmWv tIc-f-¯nÂ. kzImcy taJ-e-bnepw

Xncp-h-\- -]pcw tI{µo-I-cn¨v {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ "\njn'epw Chsc hmÀs -Sp-¡p¶

tImgvkp-Ifp-s-¦nepw AsXm¶pw \ne-hn-epÅ Bhiy§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡-p¶-Xn\v ]

cym-]vXaÃ. `mjm-þ-kw-kmc taJ-e-bnse _ncp-Zþ _ncp-Zm-\-´c tImgvkp-IÄ ]mÊm-b-

41

tijw aäp cmPy-§-fnepw aäv kwØm-\-§-fn-ep-amWv IqSp-XÂ t]cpw F¯n-t -cp-¶-Xv.

tIc-f- nÂ Ahsc kw_-Ôn¨v tkh-\-þ-th-X\ hyh-Ø-I-sfm¶pw H«pw BIÀj-I-a-

Ã. C¯cw hnZ-Kv²-cpsS tkh\w C\n-bp-tasd \½psS kwØm-\-¯nse _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡m-h-iy-ap-v. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, C¯cw hnZ-Kv²sc

Chn-sS-¯s¶ \ne-\nÀ¯m³ tkh-\-þ-th-X\ hyh-Ø-IÄ Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-

jvI-cn-¡p-I-bpw, IqSp-XÂ kÀ¡mÀ Bip-]-{Xn-I-tfm-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v C¯cw s{]m -j-

WÂ tImgvkp-IÄ XpS§n IqSp-XÂ t]sc Cu cwK¯v {]hÀ¯n-¡m-\pÅ Ah-k-c-

sam-cp-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-IWw.

\ne-hnÂ, kzImcy taJe \S-¯p¶ kwkm-c-þ-{i-h-W-þ-`mjm ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä,

km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡pw km¼-¯n-I-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nÂ¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw A{]m-]y-am-Wv.

Hcp aWn-¡qÀ tkh-\- n\v Xs¶ henb ^okv sImSp-t¡-nhcp-¶p-sh¶v ]e c£n-Xm-

¡fpw Bt£-]-a-dn-bn-¨p. C -c-¯n-epÅ Btcm-Ky-tk-h\ taJ-esb ]qÀ®-ambpw

kzIm-cy-ta-J-ebv¡v am{X-apÅ {]hÀ¯\ tI{µ-ambn amän-\nÀ¯p-¶-Xv, \nÊ-lm-bcpw

Zcn-{Z-cp-amb c£n-Xm-¡sf NqjWw sN¿m-\pÅ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-¡p-¶p- v. kzImcy taJ-

esb Cu cwK-¯v. ]c-am-h[n t{]mÂkm-ln¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ AhÀ Npa-¯p¶

^okn\pw aäpw IrXy-amb amÀ¤-tc-J-IÄ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-hIWw.

AtXm-sSm¸w Xs¶, s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnÂ, ]c-am-h[n Øm]-\-§Ä Xpd-¡p-¶-Xn\v

kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-Ip-Ibpw thWw. C -c-¯n-epÅ kwhn[m\-§-sfm-s¡, ]Ww-ap-

S¡n t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, _p²n-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpÅ IpSpw-

_-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v km[y-a-Ã. C -c-¯n-epÅ Hcp Ip«n¡v BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-

bv¡mbn ]e-t¸mgpw km[m-cW Ip«n-I-fnÂ\n¶p hyXy-kvX-ambn 14-þ15 Cc«n sNe-hp-

IÄ, acp-¶n\pw aäp-ambn Bh-iy-ambn hcp¶p F¶-XmWv Hcp GI-tZi IW-¡v.

Ip«n-I-fpsS km¶n²yw sImp-m-Ip¶ am\-ÊnI kwLÀj-t¯m-sSm¸w km¼-¯nI ]

m¸-c-¯hpw C¯cw IpSpw-_-§Ä A\p-`hn¡p-¶-Xn-s\mcp {][m\ Imc-Ww, AXym-

hiyw th ASn-Øm\ tkh-\-§-sfm¶pw kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-Ip¶ Hcp kml-Ncyw

CÃm- -Xp-sIm-m-Wv. ]e-t¸mgpw C¯cw tkh-\-§Ä _p²n-]c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, e`y-a-ÃmsX hcp-¶-Xp-sIm-v, Ip«n-I-fpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-

¯n\pw kzm`m-hnI hfÀ -bv¡p-sams¡ henb tXmXn-epÅ XS-Ê-§Ä Dm-Ip-¶p. \ncm-

42

ew-_-cmb hen-sbmcp P\-Xsb IqSp-XÂ {]bmk-¯n-te¡v XÅn-hn-Sm-sX, ]c-am-

h[n ]cn-c£ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-\pÅ _m[y-X, `c-W-IqSw Gsä-Spt¯ aXn-bm-Iq.

s]cp-amä {]iv\-§-fm-Wv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ {]I-Sn-¸n-

¡p¶asämcp {][m\ {]iv\w. Kpcp-X-c-amb Ht«sd s]cp-amä {]iv\-§-fnÂ C¯cw

Ip«n-IfnÂ IqSp-X-embn Ip-h-cp-¶p. Ah ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, B[p-\nI a\-Èmkv{X

kt¦-X§Ä C¶v e`y-amWv. Akzm-`m-hnI am\-kn-Im-hØ t\ct¯ Is-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw,

Ahbv¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]cn-lm-c-§Ä \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, a\-Èmkv{X hnZ-Kv²-

cpsS tkh-\w, F{Xbpw s]s«-¶p-Xs¶ e`y-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-hm³, Bh-

iy-¯n\v hnZ-Kv²-cpsS \nb-a-\hpw Xmeq¡v Xe-¯n-epÅ Bip-]-{Xn-I-fn-se-¦nepw Dm-bn-

cn-¡-Ww.

t\cs¯bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ-þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

Cu ]T\ dnt¸mÀ«nÂ ip]mÀi-sN-bvXn-cn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-

I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tIµ-¯nsâ

amÀ¤-\nÀt±it¯msS Xt±i kzbw-`-cW Øm]-\§Ä hgn GÀfn

CsâÀsh³j³ skâdpIÄ XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-

¡p-¶-Xn\v Xmeq¡v Xe-¯nÂ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³/¢n\n-¡Â sskt¡m-f-Pn-

Ìnsâ tkh\w Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Ign-hp-

IÄ¡pw {]mY-anI IrXy-§Ä¡papÅ ]cn-io-e-\w F{Xbpw t\cs¯

Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. hoSp-I-fnÂsh¨v ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ ]cn-io-

e\ ]mt¡-Pp-IÄ UnPn-äÂ kmt¦-Xn-IX, CsâÀs\äv, F¶n-h-bn-eqsS

hoSp-I-fnse Iw]yq-«À, Sn.hn hgn e`y-am-¡-Ww. CXn\pÅ kwhn-[m\w

kwØm\ D¶-X-Xe tI{µw {][m-\-tI-{µ-am¡n kn.-Un-äv, knUm¡v sF.-Sn.-

an-j³ Ch-bpsS klm-b-t¯msS \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv.

43

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-Ä¡v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[, am\-kn-

Im-tcm-Ky- a-cp-¶p-IÄ kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-

cn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, Hm¡p-t]-j-

WÂ sXdm-¸n, kv]o¨v sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ kuI-cy-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-

¶-Xn\v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-S-

en-t\msSm¸w Bh-iy-amb klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

kwhn[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ bqWnäp-I-fnÂ Hm«nkw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

kwhn- [m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

tIkv ÌUn-

Ct¸mÄ ]¯ph-b-ÊpÅ kaÀ°-\mb AjvIÀ apPo-_nsâ Pohn-Xs¯ amän-a-dn-¨-Xv, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn A\p- -hn- p-sIm-n-cp¶ B Ip«n-bpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ hnZ-Kv²-tk-h\w t\cs¯ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-b-Xp-sIm-p-am-{X-am-Wv. Gd-Wm-Ip-f¯p Xma-kn-¡p¶ AjvIÀ C¶v Adnb-s¸-Sp¶ A`n-t\-Xm-hm-Wv. "ambm-am-[hw' F¶ `àn hoUnsbm BÂ_-¯nÂ, "F´v ]dbpw Rm³...' F¶ Km\-cw-K-§-fnse AjvI-dnsâ A`n-\b anIhv Akm-[m-c-W-sa¶v Bcpw k½-Xn-¡pw. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-sb¶ akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb hnj-bs¯ Ahn-Z-Kv²-ambn ssIImcyw sN¿p-Itbm AX-sÃ-¦nÂ Cu {]iv\-t¯mSv Ae-k-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-Itbm sNbvXn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ, B Ip«n-bnÂ Hfn-ªn-cp¶ Iem-ssh- -hs¯ Bcmepw Xncn-¨-dn-bs¸SmsX t]mtbt\! {]ikvX kwhn-[m-b-I³ {io. hn\-b³ kwhn-[m\w sNbvX 'cLp-hnsâ kz´w dknb' F¶ kn\n-a-bnse A`n-\-b-¯n-eq-sS, AjvIÀ hyXykvX Ign-hp-I-fpÅ hyàn-sb¶ ]Zm-h-ensb A\zÀ°-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

t\cs¯ Xs¶ AXm-b-Xv, H¶-c-h-b-ÊnÂ Xs¶, AjvI-dnsâ skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-sb¶{]iv\s¯ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sN¿m³, hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp- m³ Ign-ªp-sh-¶-Xm-Wv, PohnX hnP-b- n\v \nZm-\-am-b-Xv. AjvI-dnsâ _p²-n\n-e-hm-c- n\v bmsXmcp Ipd-hp-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]s£, 4 hb-ÊnÂ Xs¶, _lp-Xe AØn-kw-_Ô ikv{X-{In-b-IÄ¡v AjvI-dns\hnt[-b-\m-t¡-n-h-¶p. \nc- -c-amb ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n-bp-tSbpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-sâbpw klm-b-¯mÂ, C¶v km[m-cW kvIqfnÂ ]Tn-¡p¶ AjvIÀ ]T-\-Im-cy-¯nepw ]mtTy-Xc hnj-b-¯n-ep-saÃmw ap³]-´n-bn-em-Wv.

t\c-s -Xs¶ Xncn-¨-dn-ªv, hnZKv² tkh\w Dd-¸p-h-cp¯n Pohn-X- nÂ h³t\-«-§ÄsImbvsX-Sp¯ shÃp-hn-en-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ht«sd AXy-]qÀÆ hyàn-Xz-§Ä \ap-¡p-Np-äp-ap- v. AÔ-X, _[n-cX F¶o cp shÃp-hn-fn-Isf AXn-Po-hn¨v temI-¯nsâ s\dp-I-bnÂ Akm-am\y

44

{]Xn- -bmbn Pohn¨ sle³ sIÃ-dp-tSbpw sle³ sIÃsd hfÀ¯n-sb-Sp¯ A[ym-]n-I-bmbB³ kÅnh³ F¶ {]Xn- -bp-sams¡ Cs¶-Ãm-hÀ¡pw kp]-cn-Nn-X-cm-Wv. B PohnXw \ap¡v\evIp¶ ktµ-iw, Hmtcm Pohn-X- n-\pw, AXv F{X ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ DÅ-Xm-sW-¦nepw A\- -ambhnkva-b-I-c-amb km[y-X-IÄ Hfn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-sW-¶m-Wv.

B³ F¶, CwKvf-nÂ C¶pw Pohn-¡p¶ Fgp-¯p-Im-cn-bpsS Pohn-Xhpw \t½m-Sp-]-d-bp-¶Xvatäm-¶p-a-Ã. P\n-¨-t¸mÄ, BgvN-I-fpsS Bbpkv HuZm-cy-]qÀÆw A\p-h-Zn¨p \evInb `nj-Kz-c-·msc AXn-i-bn-¸n- p-sImv C¶pw alm-{]-Xn- -bmbn Pohn-¡p-¶p. B\nF\ ']¨-¡dn' sb¶ Ah-Ø-sb¶v Ah-Ú-tbmsS Ah-K-Wn- -hÀ¡v, Xsâ akvXn-jvI-¯nsâ hnkva-bm-h-l-amb{]hÀ -\-¯n-eqsS AXn-Po-h-\-¯nsâ ]pXnb amXrI ImWn- p-sIm-Sp¯p B³. C¶pw ssIIm-ep-IÄ {]hÀ -\-£-a-a-sÃ-¦n-epw, \mev]-Xn-tetd ikv{X-{In-b-I-fn-eq-sSþ AXpw 14 hb-Ên\p ap¼p-X-s¶þ A\p- -hn¨ ]oU-Isf CÑm-i-àn-sImv AXn-Po-hn¨v Xe-bn-semcp I¼v sI«n ssS¸p-ssd-ä-dnÂ

A£-c-§fpw hm¡p-Ifpw krjvSn-¨v, Ah-bnÂ IhnX \nd¨v B³ C¶pw temI-t¯mSv kPo-h-ambnkwh-Zn-¡p-¶p. FÃm-än\pw km£n-bm-bn, \nZm- -amb {]mÀ°-\m-cq-]-am-bn, A½-sb¶ hm¡nsâs]mcpfpw ssNX-\yhpw kzmwio-I-cn¨ B\nsâ amXm-hv, {]Xo-£-Isf AkvX-an-¡m-\-\p-h-Zn-¡m-sX,ip -I-c-am-bXv kw -hn-¡p-sa¶ \ndª {]Xym-i-tbmsS aIÄ¡v AÀ°-]qÀ®amb Hcp PohnXw ]IÀ¶p-\ÂIn. ASn-apSn IhnX \ndª Pohn-Xw. XojvW-amb sshI-ey- nsâ XS-hnÂ \ap-¡n-S-bnÂ Bcp-sS-sb-Ãmtam PohnXw s]men-ªp-t]mtbm? F{Xtbm B³am-sc¶ km[yX Ch-cn-ep-an-Ãm-bn-cpt¶m?

45

A²ym-bw-þ4

hnZym-`ymkw (Education)

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk cwKw hfsc

k¦oÀ®-amb Hcp taJ-e-bm-Wv. Ht«sd ssk²m-´nI hnZym-`ymk {]iv\-§fpw

{]mtbm-KnI bmYmÀ°y-§-fp-sams¡ sI«p-]n-Wªp InS-¡p¶, hnhmZ]c-sa¶v Bi-¦-

s¸-Sm-hp¶ Ht«sd hnj-b-§Ä DÄs¡mÅp¶ khn-tij taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv. Gähpw efn-

X-ambn ]d-ªmÂ, C -c-¯n-epÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-amb tIc-fob k¦Â¸w

C\nbpw Bcw-`n-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-¶-tX-bp-Åq.

hnZym-`ym-k- nsâ e£yw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÄ¸tS

FÃm-hÀ¡pw H¶m-Wv, \msf-bpsS kÀ¤m-ßI ]uc-Xz-¯n-te¡v hyànsb hnI-kn-¸n-

¡p-I. Cu Imcy-¯nÂ, \ne-hnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-

`ymk ]²-XnIfpw ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯n-ep-ff kw`m-h-\-IÄ sNbvXp-h-

cp¶p F¶v Bcpw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sm-\n-S-bn-Ã. C¶v khn-ti-j-X-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v thn-

bpÅ hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bpsS Ah-Ø, Aim-kv{Xo-b-hpw, Acm-P-Ihpw AkzØP\-

I-hp-am-Wv,

\ne-hnÂ tIc-f-¯nÂ, Cu taJ-e-bnse hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§-Ä (kvs]-jyÂ

kvIqfpIÄ) FÃmw-Xs¶ \S-¯p-¶-Xv, kzImcyþk¶² kwL-S-\-I-fm-Wv. hnZym-`ymk

e£y-t¯m-sS, kÀ¡mÀ t\cn«v \S-¯p¶ GI Øm]-\w, Xncp-h-\´-]pcw ]m§-¸m-d-

bn-ep-Å, 'kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen

Ne©vUv' (SIMC) BWv. tIc-f-¯nemsI _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-

hÀ¡v thn-bpÅ kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-Im-c-ap-Å kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS F®w- 275

BWv. Cu kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ FÃmw-IqSn 20,000 Ip«n-I-fmWv ]Tn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv.

F«v e£-¯n-e-[nIw hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcnÂ \mep-e-

£-¯n\pw A©v e£-¯n\pw CS-bn-ep-Å-hÀ hnZym-`ymk {]mb-¯n-ep-Å-h-cm-sW¶v

Icp-tX-n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ah-cnÂ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfnepw P\-dÂ kvIqfn-ep-ambn ]Tn-¡p-

¶-h-cpsS F®w sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. s]mXp hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸n-\p-Io-

46

gnÂ kÀÆ in£m A`n-bm³ t{]mP-IvSnsâ klm-b-t¯m-sS, km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-

fnÂ 1þmw IvfmÊv apXÂ 12-þmw IvfmÊp-hsc ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-

Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS BsI F®w GXmv Ht¶-ImÂ e£w hcpw.

tIc-f- nse FÃm PnÃ-IÄ¡pw thn 10 PnÃm-tI-{µ-§-fnÂ sh¨v \S-¯nb knänw-

Kp-I-fnÂ\n¶pw e`y-amb ]cm-Xn-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, \ne-hn-epÅ hnZym-`ymk kml-

Ncyw H¶pw-Xs¶ Hcp-hn-[-¯nepw Xr]vXn-I-c-a-sÃ-¶m-Wv. I½o-j\v e`y-amb 7000

¯ne-[nIw tcJ-I-fnÂ D¶-bn-¡-s -Sp¶Xv 400 {]iv\-§-fm-Wv. Cu 400 {]iv\-§-

fnÂ ]IpXn {]iv\-§fpw hnZym-`ymk taJ-esb am{Xw Du¶n-bp-Å-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.

tIcfw t]mepÅ {]tZ-i-¯v, hnZym-`y-k-sa¶ hnj-bw, AXv km[m-cW hnZym-`ym-k-am-

bmepw khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-am-bmepw, c£n-Xm-¡Ä F{X-am{Xw Kuc-h-t¯m-sS-bmWv

kao-]n-¡p-¶Xv F-¶-Xnsâ kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ

_lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-hÀ¡v thn-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]

mÄkn, _lpsshI-eyw, (_-[n-cmÔX) F¶o hn`m-K-§Ä¡v, {]XyI tI{µ-§Ä \S-¡p-

¶p-v. ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw F¶n-hÀ¡pÅ {]tXyI hnZym-`ymk tI{µ-

§Ä \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ Ign-ªn-«n-Ã.

\ne-hnÂ tIc-f-¯nÂ, kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ, {]tXy-In¨v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn, \Ã-\n-e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶pv. F¦n-epw, kaq-l-¯n-

sâbpw {]tXy-In¨v kÀ¡m-cn-sâbpw klm-bhpw \nb-{´-Whpw Chbv¡nÃ. AXp-

sIm-p-X-s¶, Hä-s¸« ]s£ hne-s¸«, kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ tkh-\-§-fn-eqsS, BXy-´n-I-

-ew kaq-l-¯n\v e`y-am-Im¯ kml-N-cy-amWv \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xv.

ImgvN, tIÄhn, Ne\ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymkw

_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-c-Ãm-sX, aäv imco-cnI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp¶ hnZyÀ°n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ymk taJe tIc-f-¯nÂ {]mtbW aäv kwØm-\-

§sf At]-£n¨v anI¨ \ne-bnÂ -s¶ -{]-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-s¶pthWw hne-bn-cp-¯m³.

IrXy-amb \nbaþamÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ hyh-Øn-X-am-bmW,v AÔÀ,

47

_[n-cÀ, aäv imco-cnI Ne\ sshI-ey-ap-Å-hÀ XpS-§n-b-hÀ¡pÅ hntij hnZym-`ymk

Øm]-\-§Ä tIc-f-¯nÂ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp-¶Xv.

aäv hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§Ä¡pÅ hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§Ä H¶p-InÂ kÀ¡mÀ

t\cn«v \S-¯p-¶tXm AsÃ-¦nÂ FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bnÂ \S-¯p-¶tXm BWv. kÀ¡mÀ

\nb-{´-W-¯n-em-bmepw FbvUUv taJ-e-bn-em-bmepw Cu Øm]-\-§-fnse hnI-emwK

hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v, kuP\y hnZym-`ymkw e`y-am-hp¶psh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ tIc-f- n\v

Ign-ªn-«p-v. Cu hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡v, kuP\y hnZym-`ymk kuIcyw am{X-aÃ \ÂIp-¶-Xv,

tlmÌÂ, kvtImfÀjn-¸v, hkv{Xw, saUn-kn³ XpS§n FÃm sNe-hp-Ifpw kÀ¡m-

cmWv hln-¡p-¶-Xv. C¯cw khntij hnZym-e-b-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ DÄ¸-sS-bpÅ

Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v, aäv km[mcW hnZym-e-b-§-fnse Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v In«p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ A[n-

I-th-X\hpw e`y-am-hp-¶p-v. ImgvN-þ-tIÄhn-þ-N-e\ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v tIc-f-

¯nse hnZym-`ymk AhØ k¼qÀ®-ambn Xr]vXn-I-c-am-sW¶pw C\n-sbm¶pw A[n-I-

ambn sN¿m-\n-sÃ-¶p-apÅ [z\n taÂ {]kvX-h-\-I-fn-enÃ. Imen-I-amb Ht«sd amä-§Ä

Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶, ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸tS hnhn[ hnj-b-§Ä B hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bnepw

\ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS

hnZym`ymk kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ, ImgvN-þ-tIÄhn-þ-N-e\ shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-

¶-h-cpsS AhØ ]Xn-·-S§v Xr]vXn-I-c-am-sW¶v ]d-bmsX h¿.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-kw.

hnZym-`ymk]c-amb kuP-\y-§fpw khn-tij ]cn-K-W-\-Ifpw \ÂtI P\-hn-`m-

Kw, kmaqly s]mXpPohn-X-¯nÂ Ncn-{X-þkmaq-ly-þ-kmw-kvIm-cn-I-þ-B-tcmKy Imc-W-§-

fmÂ ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-IbmWv. \ne-hn-epÅ ]cn-c-£-I-fpsS B\p-Iq-ey-§-sfm¶pw ]

¦v ]äm-\m-hm-sX, hopw ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bnÂ \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ Nne P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä kaq-

l-¯n-ep-v. ]nt¶m¡w \nÂ¡p-¶-h-sc, apJy[mc-bn-te¡v sImp-h-cm-\pÅ hyh-Øm-]nX

{ia-§-fpsS KpW-^-e-§-sfm¶pw e`y-am-ImsX hopw kmaq-ly-ambn ]n¶-Wn-bnÂ

Xs¶ \ne\nÂ¡p¶ hn`m-K-am-Wv, \½psS kaq-l-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ. \½psS \ne-hn-ep-ff hyh-Øm-]nX t£a kao-]-\-§-fn-eq-sS-sbm¶pw

D²-cn-¡m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp¶ C -c-¯n-epÅ P\-hn-`m-K-§sf khn-ti-j-ambn kzm[o-\n-

¡p¶ LS-I-§Ä Fs´-¶p-IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-sX, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v

48

C¯cw P\-hn-`m-K-§sf ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯m-\m-hn-Ã. A -c-samcp Kuc-h-amb ]cn-K-

W-\bpw kao-]-\hpw F´psImpw Bh-iy-apÅ P\-hn-`m-K-am-Wv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«v, Pohn-X-¯nsâ kakvX

km[y-X-Ifpw Ccpf-S-ªp-t]mb Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡-f-S-§p¶ IpSpw-_mw-K-§-fpw.

aäv t£a {]hÀ -\-§tfm ]cn-K-W-\tbm AÀln-¡p-¶-h-cnÂ\n-¶pw, _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ hyXn-cn-à-cm-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]e Imc-W-§-fp- v. Cu

P\hn-`m-K-¯nsâ {]iv\w akvXn-jvI-sa¶ Ah-b-h-¯n-\mWv _m[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶-

XmWv H¶m-as¯ Imc-Ww. akvXnjvI Ah-b-h-¯n\v t\cn« LS-\m-]-c-amb \yq\-X,

aäv hnI-emw-K-cnÂ\n¶pw hn`n-¶-am-bn, Ch-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ kakvX {]X-e-§-fnepw

{]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-¡p-¶p. P\-\-¯n\pw ac-W- n\pw CS-bn-epÅ GÃm Xe-¯n-

epw, \nXy ]cn-an-Xn, t\cn-Sp-I-sb¶ ]I-¨p-t]m-Ip¶ `bm-\-I-amb bmYmÀ°y-¯nsâ

ap¶n-em-Wv, Ch-cpsS IpSpw-_w. Hcp-hn[ Bizm-k-hm-¡p-I-fpw, Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-

¯nsâ apt¶m-«pÅ KXnsb klm-bn-¡p-¶-X-Ã. Nn«-¸-Sn-bpÅ Hcp tkh\ amÀ¤hpw

Ahsc klm-bn-¡p-¶-X-paÃ. Cu P\-hn-`m-Kw, s]mXp kaq-l-¯nsâ FÃm [mc-I-

fnÂ\n¶pw ]qÀ®-ambn hntÑ-Zn-¡-s¸«v PohnXw XÅn \o¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-

Xs¶ Ch-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä¡v ka-{K-amb Hcp ]cn-lmcw Is-¯p-I-sb-¶-Xv, tIh-e-

ambn Bhn-jv¡-cn¨v \S-¸m-¡p¶ Nne t£a-]-²-Xn-IÄsImv km[y-hp-a-Ã. XnI¨pw

Bkq-{Xn-X-am-bn, kqjva-amb {i²-tbm-sS, AÀÖ-h-t¯m-sS, \mw GsäSp-t¡

kmaqly _m[y-X-bm-Wv, Ch-cpsS PohnXw \t½mSv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-

{_Â ]mÄkn F¶nh _m[n- -h-cnÂ \sÃmcp hn`m-K¯nÂ, _lp-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§n-

bh _m[n- -hÀ¡pw {]mtbm-KnI hnZym-`ym-k- n\v (Functional Education) BWv

{]m[m-\yhpw ap³K-W-\bpw \evtI--Xv. ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶nh

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-sc, km[m-cW hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-bpsS `mK-am-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶,

hyàym-[njv-TnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xnbpw AtXm-sSm¸w Bkq-{XWw sNt¿--Xp-v.

s]mXpth _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk tI{µ-¯n-em-

bmepw hyàym-[n-jvTn-X-am-th--Xv, A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. AY-hm, FÃm hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-sâbpw

BXy-´nI e£yw kmaq-lyamb kz`mh cq]-hÂ¡-c-Whpw Pohn-Xm-tbm-[-\-¯n-\pÅ

49

ss\]pWn BÀÖn-¡-ep-am-Wv. B e£y-\nÀÆ-l-W- n-\v, F{Xbpw DNn-X-am-b-Xv,

hyànsb kw_-Ôn¨v GXm-sW¶v \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶-Xv, F{X-am{Xw ^e-{]-Z-ambn B

e£yw t\Sp-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡p¶ kml-N-cyamWv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v C³Ivfq-kohv hnZym-`ym-k-amWv \ÃXv, AXÃ

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ hnZym-`ym-k-amWv \ÃXv Fs¶m-s¡-bpÅ hmZ-§Ä Bi-b-]-c-ambn

\S-¯m-hp¶ tIhe hmZ-{]-Xn-hm-Z-§Ä am{X-am-Wv. {]mtbm-KnI Xe-¯nepÅ e£yw,

khn-ti-j-XbpÅ hyàn¡pw kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bnte¡v aäm-scbpw t]mse

Bßm-`n-am-\t¯msS kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS kÀ¤m-ß-I-ambn Pohn-¡p¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-

¡pI F¶Xm-Wv.

\nehnÂ, tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk

cwK-¯nsâ AhØ s]mXpth Bizm-k-I-c-aÃ F¶p-Xs¶ ]d-tb--Xp-v. GXv hnZym-

`ymk {]{I-nbbv¡pw ASn-Øm-\-]-c-ambn A\n-hm-cy-amb, imkv{Xo-b-amb Hcp ]mTy-{I-

a-tam, ]mTy-]-²-Xntbm tIcf kml-N-cy-¯nÂ, Bkq-{X-Ww-sNbvXv \S-¸m-¡m-\m-bn-«n-Ã.

tÌäv Iu¬k-nÂ t^mÀ FUyq-t¡-j-WÂ dntkÀ¨v Bâv s{Sbn-\nwKv (SCERT) Icn-

¡pew cq]-s-¸Sp-¯p¶ hnj-b-¯nÂ {]mY-anI \S-]-Sn-IÄ XpS-§n-¡-gn-sª-¶Xv A`n-\-

µ-\o-b-am-Wv. CXv F{Xbpw s]s«¶v \S-¸m-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, {][m-\-s¸« Imcy-hpam-Wv.

_p²n-]cambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymkw 2005 apXÂ tIc-f-

¯nÂ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ Npa-X-e-bn-em-Wv. XoÀ¨m-bmbpw aäv kwØm-\-§-

fnÂ\n¶v hyXy-Ø-ambn C¯cw shÃphnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymkw, ASn-

Øm-\-]-c-amb Ah-Im-i-ambn Ip F¶-Xm-Wv tIc-f-¯nsâ Cu \S-]-Sn-bnse ]ptcm-K-

a-\-h-iw. C´y-bnÂ aäv an¡-bn-S¯pw am\-knI shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-

`ymkw kmaq-ly-t£a hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W-¯nÂXs¶ \ne-\n-ev¡p-t¼m-gmWv \½psS

Cu ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb Nph-Sp-sh-bv¸v. kÀ¡m-cnsâ Cu \S-]-Sn¡v hnZym-`ymk Imcy-

¯nÂ Hcp XpSÀ -bp-m-bn-sÃ-¶-Xm-Wv, Cu taJe Ct¸mgpw t\cn-Sp¶ ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-

bpsS {][m-\-s¸« Imc-Ww.

_p²n-]c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡p-thn Ct¸mÄ tIc-f- nÂ \ne-\n-

ev¡p¶ _Uvkv kvIqÄ kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ DS-a-Øm-h-Imiw AXXp {Kma-]-©m-b-¯p-

IÄ¡pw Bkq-{X-Whpw GtIm-]-\hpw kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯n-\pw IpSpw-_-{io -an-

50

j-\p-am-Wv. ]t£, tIc-f-¯nÂ s]mXp-hmb Hcp kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, XoÀ -

bmbpw C¯cw kvIqfp-IÄ DÄs¸-sS-bpÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS A¡m-Z-anI

{]hÀ -\-§-fpsS k¼qÀ®-\n-b-{´Ww s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸n\v IognÂ am{X-ap-Å-

Xm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. AtXm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ 18 hb-Ên\v apI-fn-epÅ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn

t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ ]cn-io-e-\-hpw, aäv sXmgnÂ kw_-Ô-amb hnj-b-§-fp-sa-Ãmw, kmaq-

ly-t£a hIp-¸nsâbpw sXmgnÂ hIp-¸nâbpw \nb-{´-W-¯ntem aäv _Ô-s¸« hIp-

¸p-I-fpsS \nb-{´-W-¯ntem sImp-h-cp-¶-XmIpw DNn-Xw. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnhn[ PohnX L«-§-fnÂ, Ah-À¡v tkh-\-§Ä e`y-am-t¡p¶ hIp-

¸p-IÄþ

1 0þ5 hb-Êp-hsc t\cs¯ Is-¯Ât\cs¯ CS-s]-SÂ

Btcm-Ky-h-Ip¸v

2

6þ18 hb-Êp-hsc

þhnZym-`ymkwþkvIqfnÂ\n¶psXmgn-ente-¡pÅkw{I-a-Ww.

hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v

3

18 hb-Êp-apXÂ

BPo-h-\m´ t£a{]hÀ -\-§Ä.þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþsXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w.sXmgnÂ

kmaq-ly-t£ahIp-¸v.þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþsXmgnÂ hIp-¸v.

GsXmcp ]uc-sâbpw (_p-²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpÄ -sS-bp-Å)

hnZym-`ym-k-sa-¶-Xv, `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb ASn-Øm\ Ah-Im-i-ambn IcpXp¶ cmPy-¯v,

tIc-f- nse hen-sbmcp P\-X--bmbn \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk Bh-iy-

§Ä¡pÅ ]Ým-¯e kuIcyw kÀ¡mÀ Hcp-¡m-X-n-cp-¶n-«pw, kmaqly {]Xn-_-²X

Gsä-Sp¯v ChÀ¡mbn hnZym-`ymk kuI-cyw, Hcp-¡m-\pÅ DZy-aw, F{X ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ Ds-

¦nÂX-s¶bpw BZ-chv AÀln-¡p-¶p. tIcf kÀ¡m-cnÂ\n¶pw Imcy-amb klm-b-

sam-¶pw, \ne-hnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ Øm]-\-§Ä¡v,

e`n-¡p-¶n-Ã. hÀjw-tXmdpw _UvP-änÂ\n¶p e`y-am-hp¶ 10 tImSn cq]-bm-Wv, hnZym-

`ymk hIp-¸nsâ AwKo-Im-c-apÅ 275 Hmfw kvIqfp-IÄ¡mbn hoXn¨p \ÂIp-¶-Xv,

CXv hfsc \ma-am-{X-amb Hcp klm-b-am-Wv. kvIqÄ sI«n-S-sam-cp-¡Â, aäv ]Ým-

51

¯e kuI-cy-§Ä Hcp-¡p-I, Poh-\-¡m-cpsS thX-\w, hml-\-ku-Icyw GÀs¸-Sp-¯p-I,

sshZyp-Xn, shÅw, XpS§n hnhn[ Bh-iy-§Ä¡v hcp¶ sNe-hnsâ sNdnb iX-am-\w-

t]mepw klm-b-[-\-ambn kÀ¡m-cnÂ\n¶v C¶v e`y-a-Ã. tIc-f- nse apgp-h³

kvs]jyÂkvIq-fp-I-fn-ep-ambn Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯nÂ Xmsg _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡v am{X-ta, Ct¸mÄ ASn-Øm\ hZym-`ymk kuI-cy-ap-Åq. \mev

e£-¯n\pw A©v e£-¯n-\p-an-Sbv¡v hcp¶ _p²n-\yq-\-X-bp-Å-h-cnÂ CsXmcp

sNdnb iX-am\w am{X-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-pX-s¶, C¯cw kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ

{]th-i\ hnj-b-¯nÂ, henb {]bmkw t\cn-Sp-¶pv. kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw, kzm[o-\hpw ]

W-hp-ap-Å-hÀ¡p-am{Xw {]th-i\w ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-hpw. ]mh-s -«-hcpw

kmaq-ly-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-cp-amb _p²n-\yq-\-X-bp-Å-hÀ¡v Ah-kcw

\ÂI-W-sa¶v kzImcy k¶² kwL-S-\-IÄ \S-¯p¶ Øm]-\-§-tfmSv ]d-bm³,

Bh-iy-amb klmb kl-I-c-W-§-sfm¶pw A\p-h-Zn-¡m-sX, kÀ¡m-cn\v [mÀ½n-I-

ambn Ah-Im-i-an-Ã. Zmcn-{Zyhpw kmaq-ly-]n-t¶m-¡m-h-Øbpw AtXm-sSm-¸w, Hcp

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n IpSpw-_-¯n-ep-m-Ip¶ k¦oÀ® kml-N-cy-hp-sams¡ H¶n-

-\p- -hn-¡p¶ AhØ AXy-[nIw Ak-l-\o-b-am-Wv.

tIc-f- nse aäv kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ¡v (A-ÔÀ¡pw _[n-cÀ¡pw) kÀ¡mÀ

Xe-¯nÂ hf-sc-b-[nIw B\pIq-ey-§Ä \ÂIn-hcp-¶p-v. AXv Xmsg-t¨À¡p-¶pþ

1. t_mÀUnwKv {Kmâv 750 cq]/ amkw (Hcp Ip«n-¡v).

2. hkv{X Ae-h³kv 750 cq]/ hÀjw (Hcp Ip«n-¡v).

3. kvIqÄ dnIz-knäv Ae-h³kv:

FÂ. ]n þ Hcp-Ip-«n¡v Hcp-hÀjw 50 cq]bq. ]n. þ Hcp-Ip-«n¡v Hcp-hÀjw 90 cq]F¨v. Fkv þ Hcp-Ip-«n¡v Hcp-hÀjw 125 cq]

hÀj-¯nÂ aq¶v XhW kvIqfnÂ \n¶v ho«n-te¡pw Xncn-¨p-apÅ bm{Xm-sN-e-hv.

ChÀ¡v \ÂIn-h-cp¶ FÃm-hn[ B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]n´p-Wbpw _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ ]Tn-¡p¶ kvIqfp-I-fp-IÄ¡pw Ah-Im-i-s¸-«-Xm-Wv. a-

säÃm hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-tf-¡mÄ, Zpc- -]qÀ®-amb kml-N-cy-amWv _p²n-\yq-\-X-bp-

Å-hcpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_hpw t\cn-Sp-¶-Xv. CsXmcp tZiob Zpc- -ambn HutZym-Kn-

I-ambn {]Jym-]n-t¡-p-¶- kml-N-cy-amWv Chsc kw_-Ôn¨v tIcf kaq-l-¯nÂ \ne-\n-

52

ev¡p-¶-Xv. tIc-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p¶ FÃm Ip«n-IÄ¡pw

hnZym-`ymk kml-Ncyw e`y-am-¡-W-sa¶ `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb _m[yX F{Xbpw

s]s«¶v kÀ¡mÀ Gsä-Sp-t¡--Xpv. \ne-hn-epÅ hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]\w Ah-km-\n-

¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-ep-]cn Imcy-£-a-amb Xc-¯nÂ, hnZym-`ymk Ah-kcw FÃm Ip«n-IÄ¡pw

e`y-am-Ip¶ Xc¯nÂ, kXz-c-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-hWw.

tIcf kaqlw BZ-c-]qÀÆw, ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ kaq-l-¯nse Hcp hn`m-K-amWv

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ A[ym-]-Icpw Poh-\-¡m-cpw. Akm-[m-c-W-

amb Xc-¯n-epÅ Imcp-Wy -{]-hÀ -\-§Ä Gsä-Sp¯v \S-¯p¶ Cu Poh-\-¡m-cpsS

tkh-\-¯nsâ kz`m-hs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v kaq-l-¯nsâ hen-sbmcp hn`m-K-¯n\pw [mc-

W-bn-Ã. Gsd kml-knI kz`m-h-ap-Å-XmWv Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xw. kp{]ow-tIm-S-Xn,

{]oss{]-adn A[ym-]-I-cpsS timN-\o-bm-h-Ø-sb-¸än ]cm-aÀin- -Xv, C´y-bnÂ Ah-

cpsS AhØ ho«p-tPm-en-¡m-tc¡mÄ ZpcnX]qÀ®-amWv G-¶m-Wv. H-cp-]-t£,

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS Ah-Ø-sb-¡p-dn-¨m-sW-¦nÂ AXnepw cq£-am-

tbt\ kp{]ow-tIm-SXn ]cm-aÀiw! GXm-bmepw kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS

kwL-S-\-I-fnÂ\n¶pw e`y-amb tcJ-IÄ AhÀ t\cn-Sp¶ k¦oÀ® -{]-iv\-¯nsâ

cq£X shfn-hm-¡n- -cp-¶-Xm-Wv.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ ]cn-io-e-\-am-Wv, \ne-hnÂ Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ KpW-I-c-

amb amä-§Ä Dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-am-Ip-¶-sX-¶v, e`y-amb tcJ-IÄ sXfn-bn-¡p-

¶p. P\-dÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ C³Ivfq-kohv Xe-¯nÂ, kvss{I_ns\ sh¨v ]co-£-sb-

gpXn ]e-hn-j-b-¯nepw A+ t{KUpw A t{KUpw B t{KUpw hm§n¨ _p²n-]-c-ambn

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v, Gähpw Xmgv¶ IvfmÊp-I-fnse Ip«n-IÄ¡v Bh-

iy-apÅ A£-c-Úm-\tam `mjm-Úm-\tam `mjm ss\]p-Wntbm CÃ F¶v am{X-a-Ã,

C -c-¯nÂ _ncpZ tcJ-I-fpÅ \nc-£-c-sc, \nÀ_m-[w ]pd-¯p-hn-Sp¶ hnZym-`ymk

kwhn-[m-\-¯nÂ AS-§n-bn-cn-¡p¶ Aim-kv{Xo-b-X-sb-¡p-dn¨v kÀ¡mÀ Kuc-h-ambn ]

cn-tim-[n-¡-Ww F¶p-IqSn \nÀt±-i-§Ä e`y-am-bn-cn-¡p¶p. GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ

Ah-Im-i-hmZw \nc-¯n-sh-bv¡m-\pÅ IW-¡p-tc-J-bnse IÅn-I-fnÂ \ntÝ-X-\-ambn

HSp-§m-\p-Å-X-Ã, Cu Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-sa¶v _Ô-s¸-«-hÀ a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. _p²n-]-

camb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v F{Xam{Xw {]mtbm-Kn-I-amWv s]m-Xp-hn-

53

Zym-`ymk taJ-e-bnÂ C¶v \ne-\n-ev¡p¶ kuI-cy-§-sf¶pw Ah-sbÃmw Ip«n-I-fpsS

ka-{K-hn-Im-k-¯n\pw Ah-cpsS kÀ¤m-ßI ]uc-Xz-¯n\pw F{X-am{Xw klm-b-I-c-am-

Ip-¶-Xm-sW¶v ]cn-tim-[n¨v Bh-iy-amb ]p\- -cn-tim-[-\-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\- nÂ

F{Xbpw s]s«¶v ASn-b-´nc \S-]-Sn-IÄ hnZym-`ymk hIp¸pw kÀ¡mcpw kzoI-cn-t¡--

Xm-Wv. GXm-bmepw ]¯mw-Xcw ]mkmb kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-I-fp-ambn ssZ\w-Zn-\- Ir-Xy-

§Ä¡pÅ ]cn-io-e-\w, kvs]jyÂkvIq-fp-I-fnÂ\n¶pw t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶--h-cpsS F®w

hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶p F¶v c£n-Xm-¡Ä I½o-j\v \evInb tcJ-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ\n-¶pw, amdn, Fkv. Fkv. F.- bn-epw, sF.-C.-Un.,

Fkv. Fkv., kvIoan-ep-sams¡ tPmen-sN-¿p¶ dntkmÀkv A[ym-]-IÀ¡v Ct¸mÄ

kmam\yw t`Z-s¸« thX\w \evIn-h-cp-¶p-v. F¶mÂ Ah-cpsS tPmen kpc-£n-X-

¯z¯nepw aäptkh\ hyh-Ø-I-fn-ep-sam-¶pw, H«pw Bizm-k-I-c-amb Ah-Ø-bÃ \ne-

hn-ep-Å-Xv. tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-Xn-epÅ sXmgnÂ kwXr]vXn F¶ Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« LS-

Iw-t]mepw dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ¡v Pohn-X-¯nÂ A\p- -hn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ A -

co£w tPmen-Ø-e¯v CsÃ-¶pw, tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. XoÀ -bmbpw dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-

IÀ t\cn-Sp¶ Ht«sd {]iv\-§Ä AhÀ I½o-j\v \ÂInb \nth-Z-\-§-fnÂ kqNn-¸n-

¡p-¶p-v. F{Xtbm hÀj-ambn kmt¦-Xn-I-ambn tPmen-bnÂ XpSÀ -bn-Ãm-sX, ]ncn-¨p-hn-

Sp-s¶¶ `oj-Wn PohnXw Akz-Ø-am-¡p¶ F{Xtbm dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ hÀj-§-

fpsS tkh-\-§Ä¡v tijhpw A\m-Y-Xz-t¯msS Pohn-¡p¶ AhØ Hcp ]cn-jvIrX

kaq-l-¯n\pw `qj-W-a-Ã. GXm-bm-epw, Hc-t\z-j-W-¯n-eqsS Cu taJ-e-bnÂ \ne-\n-

ev¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n¨v dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ A`nap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ {]iv\-

§Ä imiz-X-ambn ]cn-l-cn-t¡--Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wv. AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, kvs]jyÂ GUyq-

t¡-äÀ F¶ \ne-bnÂ Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-IÄ, {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ AÀln-¡p¶ Ip«n-I-

fpsS hnIm-k- n\v IqSp-XÂ klm-b-I-c-am-Ip¶ coXn-bnÂ, kaÀ°-ambn hn\n-tbm-Kn-

t¡-Xv F§-s\-sb¶v Hcp ]p\-¸-cn-tim-[-\bv¡pw kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-IWw.

s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W- n-epÅ Fkv.Fkv.F., sF.-C.-Un.

t{]mP-IvSp-IÄ hgn khn-tij hnZym-`ymkw Bh-iy-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v thn Ht«sd ]cn-]m-

Sn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn¨v \S-¸m¡n hcp-¶p-v. tIc-f- nÂ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ Is- nb

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hnZymÀ°n-I-sf-¡m-Ä IqSp-XÂ, hnZym-`ymk

54

hIp-¸p- hgn \S-¡p¶ Cu t{]mP-IvSp-I-fn-eqsS Is¯n ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶p-sh-

¶mWv tcJ-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. ka-{K-amb Hcp ]p\-c-[n-hmk ]²Xn Bkq-{XWw

sNbvXv \S-¸m-¡p-¶-XnÂ, \ne-hn-epÅ \½psS kwhn-[m-\-§-fnse ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ Xs¶-

bm-Wv, t]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ \S-¡p¶ Cu t{]mPIvSv apJm-

´ncw ]cn-io-e\w t\Sp¶ kvs]jyÂ hnZymÀ°n-Ifpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

hoSp-I-fnÂ i¿m-h-ew-_n-I-fmbn Ign-bp¶ hnhn[ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶

hyàn-Isf t\cn-«p-t]mbn ]cnio-en-¸n-¡p¶ kwhn-[m\w Fkv. Fkv. F. Bhn-jvI-cn¨v

\S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-v. Gsd A`n-\-µ-\o-bam-Wn-Xv. XoÀ -bm-bpw, dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-sc,

C -c-¯nÂ, Ip«n-I-fpsS hfÀ¨m-L-«-¯nÂ kp{][m\ Ime-b-f-hnÂ hoSp-I-fnÂ At\z-

jn-¨p-sN¶v ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\p \ntbm-Kn¨ \S-]-Snsb ivfmLn-¡m-sX-h-¿.

arZp-_p-²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, ]T-\-]-c-amb Akzm-`m-hn-I-X-

Itfm {Ia-`w-Ktam _m[n- -hÀ, ssiih at\m-tcm-K-ap-Å-hÀ F¶o hn`m-K-§-fn-e-[nIw

t]scbpw s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k- nsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂ Xs¶ ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-¶-Xv, Ah-

cpsS kmaqlyamb CS-s]-Sepw kmaqly ss\]p-Wnbpw hnI-kn-¡pI F¶ e£y-

¯n\v Gsd klm-b-I-c-am-bmWv Ip-h-cp-¶-Xv. ]t£, AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, \½psS

s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk kwhn-[m-\-¯nÂ \ne-hn-epÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk tkh-\§Ä¡mh-iy-

amb ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-fp-sSbpw ]c-an-Xn-IÄ C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS kzm`m-hnI hnIm-

ks¯ XS-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cn-¡m\pw {i²n-t¡--Xp-v. hnZym-`ym-k-sa-¶-Xv, ASn-Øm-\-]-c-

ambn Hcp kmaqly {]{In-b-bm-sW¶ hkvXp-X-sb, BÀ¡pw \ntj-[n-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.

AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, sshb-ànI ss\]p-Wnbpw ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-Xm-h-iy-§Ä¡pÅ

tijnbpw hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-kcw krjvSn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, kmaq-ly-

hÂ¡-c-W-sa¶ kp{]-[m\ LS-I-¯n\pw hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-¯nÂ {]mapJyw \ÂI-

Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ anX-ambtXm-XnÂ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ Ip«n-

IÄ¡pw sshb-ànI ss\]p-Wnbpw ssZ\w-Zn-\m-h-iy-§Ä¡pÅ tijnbpw hnI-kn-¸n-

¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-am-hp-¶, ]cn-io-e-\-§Ä (D-Zm-l-c-¯n-\vþ ^nkn-tbm-tX-dm-¸n,

kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n, H¡p-t -j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, _otl-hn-bÀ sXdm-¸n, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³

F¶n-h-sb-Ãmw) \evIp-¶-Xn\v s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk taJe t\cn-Sp¶ ]cnan-Xn-IÄ AXn-Po-

55

hn-¡m³, {]mtZ-in-I-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-Isf dntkmgvkp

skâ-dp-I-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, ]c-kv]c [mc-W-tbmSpw klm-b-t¯mSpw {]hÀ¯n¨v

Ip«n-IÄ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh-\-§Ä Imcy-£-a-am-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

GXm-bmepw B[p-\nI hnZym-`ymk ImgvN-¸mSv sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯p¶ kaq-l-§-fn-

sem-¶pw-X-s¶, GsX-¦nepw km{¼-Zm-bnI kwhn-[m-\- nsâ imTy-§fpw \nÀº-Ô-

§fpw Xo{h-ambn ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡p-¶-Xmbn ImWm-\m-hp-¶n-Ã. GXv kwhn-[m-\-amWv

Imcy-£-a-sa¶pw ^e-{]-Z-sa¶pw \nÝ-bn-¡m-\pÅ A[n-Im-chpw Ah-Imihpw {]tb-W,

hnZym-`ymk \ne-hm-c-¯nÂ ap³\n-c-bnÂ \nÂ¡p-¶, tIc-f-¯nse c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v hn«p-

sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-Xmhpw DNn-Xw. AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bnÂ,

Gähpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄt\-cn-Sp¶ FÃm hyàn-I-tfbpw

I®ntNÀ¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡p¶ GsXms¡ Agn-¨p-]-Wn-IÄ \S-¯p¶Xpw,

AXn\p klm-b-I-c-am-Ip¶ Atcm-Ky-]-c-amb kwhmZw XpS-cp-¶-Xpw, s]mXp-hn-Zym-

`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡pw khn-tij hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡pw Hcpt]mse KpW-

I-c-amhpw F¶-Im-cy-¯nÂ kwi-b-an-Ã.

dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-sc-t¸m-se-Xs¶ hnZym-`ym-khpw A\p- -hhpw DÅ-h-cmWv

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ A²ym-]-I-cpw. Htc hn`mKw hnZymÀ°n-I-sf- -s¶-bmWv cp-

Iq-«cpw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£ dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-IÀ¡v e`n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ i¼-

f-¯nsâ \men-sem-¶p-t]mepw kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ A[ym-]-IÀ¡v e`n-¡p-¶nÃ! tIcfw

t]mepÅ Hcp kwØm-\-¯v, CtX-t]m-epÅ Hcp hntcm-[m-`m-kw, bpàn-cm-lnXyw,

hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸p-t]mepÅ Hcp taJ-e-bnÂ kw -hn-¨p-Iq-Sm- -XmWv. Cu henb

hnth-N\w \ne-\n-¶n«pw kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ¯s¶ km¼-¯nI e£y-sam¶pw ]

cn-K-Wn-¡msX Gähpw Xo{hhpw XojvW-hp-amb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶

Ip«n-Isf kml-knI a\-tÊmsS ]cn-N-cn-¡p¶ A[ym-]-IÀ¡v AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-

Iqeyw A\p-h-Zn-¨p-\ÂtI-Xm-Wv. AÔÀ, _[n-cÀ XpS-§nb {]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ Bh-

iy-apÅ hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ tIc-f-¯nÂ GXm-sÃmw Xs¶

H¶p-InÂ kÀ¡mÀ t\cn«v \S-¯p-¶-tXm, AX-sÃ-¦nÂ FbvUUv ]Zhn A\p-h-Zn-¨p-\-

evIn-b-htbm BWv. Gähpw Xo{h-amb sshI-eym-h-Ø-bpsS Zpc´w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-

¶-hÀ¡m-Wv, BZyw B\p-Iqeyw e`n-¡p-¶Xv F¶v kaqlw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -W-sa¶v ]d-

56

ª, ap³ cmjv{S-]Xn {io. sI. BÀ. \mcm-b-Wsâ hm¡p-IÄ¡v ]cn-K-W\ \evIp-I-bm-

sW-¦nÂ kaq-l-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ tIc-f-¯nÂ Gähpw BZyw ]cn-K-Wn-t¡-n-h-cp-¶-Xv,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-sc-bm-Wv. Imc-Ww, GsX-¦nepw Hc-h-b-h-¯nsâ

]cn-an-X-nIÄsIm-pÅ shÃp-hn-fn-I-tf-¡mÄ F{Xtbm Cc«n k¦oÀ®hpw Xo{h-hp-am-Wv,

akvXn-jvI-¯n-\pÅ £XwsImv kw -hn-¡p¶ ]cn-an-Xn-Itfm shÃp-hn-fn-I-tfm.

tIc-f- nse kzImcy kwL-S-\-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ \S-¶p-h-cp¶

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ `qcn-]-£-¯n-sâbpw \ne-\nÂ¸v `oj-Wn-¡p-ap-¶n-em-Wv.

kvs]jyÂ So¨ÀamÀ \nÀ_m[w sImgn-ªp-t]m-Ip-¶p. hÀj-§-fpsS A\p-`h ]cn-N-b-

apÅ ]e-cpw, taJe-bnse XpSÀ¶p-h-cp¶ Zb-\ob kml-N-cy-¯nÂ a\w aSp¯v ]e-

t¸mgpw tPmen aXn-bm-¡pItbm, AX-sÃ-¦nÂ dntkmgvkv A[ym-]-I-cpsS XkvXn-I-bn-

te¡v t]mIpItbm sN¿p-¶p. kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ amt\-Pvsaâp-IÄ¡v, kÀ¡mÀ

km¼-¯nI klmbw e`n-¡p-¶nÃ F¶-Xpw, XpÑ-ambn e`n-¡p¶ {Kmâp-IÄ ka-b-_-

Ôn-X-ambn e`n-¡p-¶nÃ F¶-Xp-sams¡ Ahsc kw_-Ôn¨v kvIqÄ \S-¯n-¸nsâ

Imcy-¯nÂ henb A\n-Ýn-X-Xz-§Ä¡v hgn-sX-fn-¡p-¶p.

tI{µ kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯nsâ {Kmâv e`n-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS F®w tIc-f-¯nÂ 54 BWv.

kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-Imcw e`n¨ 275 kvIqfp-IfnÂ, tI{µ {Kmâv e`n-¡p¶ kvs]jyÂ

kvIqfp-IÄ Hgn¨v _m¡n-h-cp¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ¡pÅ 10 tImSn {Kmâv XpI-

bnÂ\n¶pw klmbw \ÂIp-¶Xv kwØm\ kÀ¡m-cm-Wv. \ma-am-{X-ambn e`y-am-Ip¶

{Kmâv -Xs¶ sNe-h-gn-¡p¶ Imcy-¯nÂ Aim-kv{Xo-b-amb Ht«sd \njvIÀj-IÄ

\ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. Cu {KmânÂ, Hcp A[ym-]-I\v \evtI amk-th-X\w 3800 cq]

BbmWv \nÝ-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu HmWtddnb-¯nsâ 40 iX-am\w am{Xta

kÀ¡mÀ \evIp¶ {KmânÂ\n¶pw D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-ap-Åq.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ ]eXpw tIc-f-¯nÂ XpS-§n-b-Xv, DZm- -amb kmaqly

{]Xn-_-²-X-bpsS ]Ým- -e-¯n-em-Wv. CsXmcp em -I-c-ambn \S-¯m-hp¶ kwc-`ta

AÃ. ]t£, C¯cw kvIqfp-Isf ap³\n-dp¯n sNdnb iX-am\w Øm]-\-§Ä hntZ-

i-]Ww kzoI-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶ Bt£]w I½o-j\v e`n-¨p-sh-¦n-epw, AXv sXfn-bn-¡p¶

Hcp tcJbpw lmP-cm-¡m³ ]cm-Xn-¡m-À¡v Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. s]mXp-t_m-[-¯n-ep-d-¨p-

57

t]mb Hc-Ô-hn-izm-kw-t]mse Btcm-]Ww D¶-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-e- pdw Fs -¦nepw

{]m[m-\y-w CXn\v D-s¶v tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. AYhm Fs´-¦nepw Ig-¼p-s-¦nÂX-s¶, \Ã-\n-

e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ amt\-Pvsaânsâ Bß-hn-izmkw XI-cp¶

coXn-bnÂ A¯cw Btcm-]-W-§sf kmam-\y-hÂ¡-cn¨v apJ-hn-e-s¡-Sp-t¡--Xn-Ã. am{X-a-

Ã, hntZi hn\n-ab \nb-a-§-fpsS hIp-¸p-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v \S-]Sn FSp-¡m-\pÅ kml-

Ncyw Cu P\m-[n-]Xy cmPy¯v \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-ap-v.

hnZy-`ymk hIp-¸v, AwKo-Imcw \evInb ]e kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-Isf kw_-

Ôn¨pw Bt£]w \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä H«p-an-Ãm¯ ]e kvs]jyÂ

kvIqfp-IÄ¡pw, AwKo-Imcw \ÂIpt¼mÄ, \Ã-\n-e-bnÂ ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä

Hcp¡n At]-£n-¡p¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS cPn-kvt{S-j\v, ASn-Øm-\-an-Ãm¯

hmZ-§Ä ]d-ªv. a\-¸qÀÆw AwKo-Imcw \ntj-[n-¡p-¶p-sh¶ Bt£-]hpw I½o-j\v

e`y-am-bn-«p-v. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Akm-[m-c-W-amb

{]iv\§fpw khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw AhÀ¡v thn hnZym-`ymk kuI-cy-sam-cp-¡p-¶, amt\-

Pvsaân-sâbpw A[ym-]-I-cp-sS-bp-sams¡ XymK-a-\-Ø-nXnsb am\n-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶,

DtZym-K-Øsc C¯cw Hm^o-kp-I-fnÂ Ah-tcm-[n-¡-W-sa¶pw Ht«sd \nÀt±-i-§Ä

e`y-am-bn-«p-v.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ¡v AwKo-Imcw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw cPn-kvt{S-j³ \evIp-¶-

Xn\pw C¶v, kzoI-cn-¨p-h-cp¶ kao-]\w XoÀ¯pw Aim-kv{Xo-bam-Wv. kvIqfp-I-fpsS

A¡m-Z-anI {]hÀ -\-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯m³ tijn-bp-Å-h-cÃ Ct¸mÄ kvIqÄ \nco-£-

W-¯n\pw ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡pw hcp-¶-Xv. F¶vam-{XaÃ, ]e-t¸m-gpw, _p²n-\yq-\X F¶

Ah-Ø-sb-¡p-dn¨v {]mY-anI [mc-W-t]m-ep-ap-Å-h-c-Ã. kvIqÄ AwKo-Im-c-¯n\pw cPn-

kvt{S-j\pw imkv{Xo-bhpw hnj-bm-[n-jvTn-X-hp-am-b Hcp kao-]\¯n\pÅ Hcp

kwØm-\-Xe ka{K kwhn-[m\w I½o-j³ Cu tcJ-bvs¡m¸w kaÀ¸n-¡m³ Dt±-in-¡p-

¶p.

_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-\m-bpÅ

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ am{X-amWv tIc-f- nÂ FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bn-te¡v CXp-h-

scbpw ]cn-K-Wn-¡m- -Xv. GXp am\-ZWvUw h¨p]cn-tim-[n-¨mepw Cu Hcp hn`m-K-

¯n-t\mSpÅ hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]-\-am-Wn-sX-¶-Im-cy-¯nÂ bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-Ã.

58

tIc-fw-t]mse \thm-°m\ {]{In-b-IÄ kwkvI-cn-s -Sp¯ Hcp a\-Ên\v kmaq-ly-t_m-

[-¯nÂ Akm-[m-c-W-amb kzm[o-\-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-«p-t]m-epw, Gähpw ]mÀiz-hÂIr-X-amb

Cusbmcp kaq-l-¯n-t\mSv hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn¨ Hcp kml-N-cy-s¯,

C\n-sb-¦nepw ]Ým-¯m] t_m[-t¯msS Xncp-t - -Xp-v. km¼-¯nI ]cm-[o-\-X-bp-

sStbm aäp]cn-an-X-nI-fp-sStbm Hgnhv Ignhv sImv Cu kmaqly D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-

¯nÂ\n¶pw ]nt¶m-«p-t]m-Im-\m-hn-Ã. `c-W-L-S-\bpw FÃm Ah-Imi \nb-a-§fpw Dd-

¸p-\ÂIp¶ kuP-\yhpw \nÀº-Ôn-X-hp-amb hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v, tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-Ä¡v Ah-kcw \ÂIm³, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-

fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ¡v aäv hnI-emw-KÀ¡p-Å-Xp-t]mse (C-

t¸mÄ AÔþ _[nc hnZym-e-b-§Ä¡p-Å-Xp-t]m-se) FbvUUv ]Zhn \ÂIp-Itb

t]mwh-gn-ImWp-¶p-Åq. F{Xbpw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn kÀ¡mÀ ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v hnj-b-

am-t¡ hnj-b-am-WnXv. Zpcp-]-bm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ ]gp-X-I-f-S¨v Ipä-aä coXn-bnÂ icn-

bmb am\-Z-Þ-§Ä \nÝ-bn¨v C¡m-cy-¯nÂ ]cn-lmcw ImWm-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åq.

s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W- n-epÅ kvs]jyÂkvIq-fp-IÄ H¶pw-

Xs¶ Ct¸mÄ tIcf hnZym-`ymk N«-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂ hcp-¶-h-b-Ã. AÔ-þ-_-[nc

hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§-sf-t¸mepw GO(P)- - -- --- -- --412 F¶ D -c-hnsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯n-emWv

FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bn-te¡v sImp-h-¶-Xv. hnZym-`ymk N« ]cn-jvI-c-W-¯nÂ, hnI-emw-K-

cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v am{X-ambn Hc-[ymbw amän-sh-¨n-«p- v. ]t£, Chn-sSsbm-¶pw,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,

_lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶n-hsb kw_-Ôn¨pÅ ]cm-

aÀi-§-sfm-¶pw- h-¶n-«n-Ã. \ne-hnÂ, Gähpw Npcp-§n-b-Xv, hnI-emwK hnZym-`ym-k- n-\p-

thn ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn¨ GO(P)-412 F¶ D -c-hnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-

cpsS hnZym-`ym-khpw Hcp {][m\ `mK-am¡n, Cu D -chv Gähpw s]«¶v Imtem-Nn-X-

ambn ]pd-¯n-d-t¡--Xp-v. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ Xma-kw-hn\m Gsä-Sp-¡m³ _lp-

am-\-s¸« hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v k¶-²-am-th--XmWv.

tbmKy-Xbpw A\p- -h-hpw tkh\ a\-kvI-Xbpw AÀ¸W t_m[-hp-

sams¡ Xpey {]m[m-\y-t¯msS ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ Hcp Akm-[m-cW hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-

sb¶ ]Z-hn, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k- n-\p- v.

59

Cu taJ-e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ A[ym-]-I-cpsS {]hÀ -\-§Ä

XymK-\nÀ`c-am-Wv. ]cn-an-X-amb B\q-Iq-ey§-fnÂ \n¶p-sImv AhÀsN-¿p¶ al-

¯mb tkh-\- n\v AÀl-amb ]cn-K-W\ \evIm-\pÅ _m²yX kaq-l-¯n-\p-- v,

kÀ¡m-cn-\p-ap-v. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ A[ym-]-I-cpsS tk-h\þthX\

hyh-Ø-Ifpw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]p\À\nÀ®-bn-t¡--Xp-v. kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ A[ym-]-

IÀ¡pw Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw Ahiyw th tbmKy-X-IÄ CtXm-sSm¸w \nÀt±-i-ambn kaÀ¸n-

¡p-¶p. AtXm-sSm¸w Hmtcm kvs]-jyÂ kvIqÄ kwhn-[m-\-¯nepw AXym-hiyw th

XkvXn-I-Ifpw kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ (_p-²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ)Poh\¡mcqsS LS\bpw tbmKyXbpw

A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw 1:8

(XkvXnI) hnZym`ymktbmKyXs]mXphmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]camb tbmKyX

1 slUvankv{SÊvv/ _ncpZm\´c_ncpZw _n. FUv kvs]jyÂ(sdKpeÀ)/ Un]vtfma

C³ kvs]jyÂFUyqt¡j³

2 kvs]jyÂ äo¨À +2 Dw AYhm X¯peyw Un]vtfma C³kvs]jyÂ

FUyqt¡j³( Fw.BÀ)/ _n. FUv

kvs]jyÂ (sdKpeÀ)3 sskt¡mfPnÌv sskt¡mfPnbnÂ _ncpZm\

´c_ncpZw4 kv]o¨v sXdm¸nÌv kv]o¨v Bâv emwtKyPv ]

t¯mfPnbnÂ _ncpZw5 ^nÊntbm sXdm¸nÌv ^nÊntbm sXdm¸nbnÂ _ncpZw6 HIyqt¸jvWÂ

sXdm¸nÌvHIyqt¸jvWÂ sXdm¸nbnÂ

_ncpZw7 shmt¡jWÂ

C³kv{SIväÀ +2 AYhm X¯peywUnt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ {Sbn-\nwKv Bâv

Fwt¹m-bn-saâv/sXmgnÂ ]cn-Nbw

8 tbmK +2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹maC³ tbmK

9 ImbnIw +2 _m¨n-eÀ C³ ^nkn-¡Â FUyq-t¡-j³

10 ayqkn¡v +2, _ncpZw ayqkn¡nÂ Unt¹m-a /_ncpZw

11 hmtZym]IcWw ]mÀ«vssSw

+2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹matImgvkv

60

12 Um³kv +2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹matImgvkv

13 kmaqly {]hÀ¯I (social worker)

Fw. FÊv. U_yq, _ncpZw

14 ssI sXmgnÂ (craft) (]mÀ«v ssSw)

+2 Â ssI sXmgn-enÂ-þ-Aw-Ko-IrX kÀ«n-^n-¡äv

15 Nn{Xsagp¯v (drawing)]mÀ«v ssSw

+2 kÀ«n-^n-¡äv / Unt¹ma/_ncpZw

16 A¡uâv _n. tImw _ncpZw17 ssS¸nÌv / ¢À¡v Iw¼yq«À Adnhpw _ncpZhpw18 Hm^okv Akn-Ìâv ]¯mw ¢mÊv19 kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv20 hmÀU¬ / ta{S¬ _ncpZw care givers training / DSE (MR)

21 Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv22 ]mNIw (cook) ]mNI¯nÂ {]hÀ¯n ]

cnNbw23 ImhÂ¡mc³ (watch

man)

]¯mw ¢mÊv

24 t\gvkv +2 P\-dÂ \gvknwKvUnt¹ma

25 tUmIvSÀ (]mÀ«v ssSw)

Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kv.

26 ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊpw ]¯phÀjs¯{]hr¯n]cnNbhpw

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ þ skdn-{_Â ]mÄknPoh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw

A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw 1:5

\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyXs]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX

1. slUvan-kv{Skv _ncp-Zm-\-´c _ncpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂ

Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂFUyq-t¡-j³

(sk-dn{_Â ]mÄkn)2. kvs]jyÂ So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ

(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂUnt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ

FUyq-t¡-j³(sk-dn{_Â ]mÄkn)

3. sXdm-¸nÌv1. kv]o¨v

2. ^nkntbm

3. HmIyp-t]-

_Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯nÂ_ncpZw

61

jWÂ

4. sskt¡m-f-PnÌv sskt¡m-f-P-bnÂ_ncp-Zm-\-´-c-_n-cpZw

5. tUmIvSÀ Fw.-_n.-_n.-F-kv.6. t\gvkv +2 P\-dÂ t\gvknwKv7. A¡u-âv _ntImw _ncpZw8. Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv sIbÀ tS¡À s{Sbn-\nwKv9. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw10. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ þ Hm«nkwPoh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw

A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw 1:5\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX

s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. slUvan-kv{Skv _ncp-Zm-\-´c _ncpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ


FUyq-t¡-j³(ASD)

2. kvs]jyÂ So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂ


(ASD)3. sXdm-¸nÌv

1. kv]o¨v

2. ^nkntbm

3. HmIyp-t]-jWÂ




kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ þ _lp-ssh-IeywPoh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw

A²ym]I hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw : 1: 2\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX

62

s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. slUvan-kv{Skv _ncp-Zm-\-ć _ncpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ


FUyq-t¡-j³(aÄ«n-¸nÄ Unk-_n-en-än)

2. kvs]jyÂ So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ(sd-Kp-eÀ) AsÃ-¦nÂ


(aÄ«n-¸nÄ Unk-_n-en-än)3. sXdm-¸nÌv

1. kv]o¨v

2. ^nkntbm

3. HmIyp-t]-jWÂ




kwc-£nX sXmgn-enSw (Sheltered Workshop)Poh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw

A\p-]mXw 1:15\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX

s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. tImþ-HmÀUn-t\-äÀ _ncp-Zm-\- -c-_n-cpZw Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ

s{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ

dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ AYhm

X¯p-ey-tbmKyX2. shmt¡-j-WÂ

Iu¬kn-eÀ_ncpZw Iu¬kn-enw-KnÂ Unt¹ma

AYhmX¯p-ey-tbm-KyX

3. shmt¡-j-WÂC³kv{S-IvSÀ

+2 Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂs{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)

4. Hmôkv Akn-Ìâv _ncpZw5. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw6. tÌmÀ Io¸À +27. Hmôkv Aäââv ]¯mw ¢mÊv

63

8. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv

sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnZym- ymkw (Vocational Training)Poh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw

A\p-]mXw: 1: 10\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyX

s]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX1. tImþ-HmÀUn-t\-äÀ _ncp-Zm-\- -c-_n-cpZw Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ

s{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ

dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ AYhm

X¯p-ey-tbmKyX2. shmt¡-j-WÂ

Iu¬kn-eÀ_ncpZw Iu¬kn-enw-KnÂ Unt¹ma

AYhmX¯p-ey-tbm-KyX

3. shmt¡-j-WÂC³kv{S-IvSÀ

+2 Unt¹ma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂs{Sbn-\nwKv (DVTE (MR)

4. Hm^okv Akn-Ìâv _ncpZw5. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw6. tÌmÀ Io¸À +27. Hm^okv Aäââv ]¯mw ¢mÊv8. kzo¸À F«mw ¢mÊv

t\c-s -bpÅ Xncn- -dn-bÂ skâÀ (Early Intervention Centre)Poh-\-¡m-cpsS LS-\bpw tbmKy-Xbpw

\w. XkvXnI hnZym- ymk tbmKyXs]mXp-hmb tbmKyX sXmgnÂ]-c-amb tbmKyX

1. tImþ-HmÀUn-t\-äÀ _ncp-Zm-\- -c-_n-cpZw _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ (d-Kp-eÀ)Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ

FUyp-t¡-j³(_-Ô-s¸« hnj-b-

¯nÂ)/Unt¹ma C³ GÀfnCâÀsh³j³ sXdm¸n

2. kvs]jyÂ So¨À +2 _n.-F-Uv.-kvs]-jyÂ (d-Kp-eÀ)Unt¹ma C³ kvs]jyÂ

FUyp-t¡-j³(_-Ô-s¸« hnj-b- nÂ)

3. AäâÀ / Bb ]¯mw ¢mÊv sIbÀ tS¡À {Sbn-\nwKv4. tUmIvSÀ5. sXdm-¸nÌv

1. kv]o¨v

2. ^nkntbm

3. HmIyp-t]-j-

+2 _Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯nÂ_ncpZw

64

WÂ

4. sskt¡m-f-PnÌv

6. t\gvkv +2 P\-dÂ t\gvknwKv7. A¡u-âv _ntImw _ncpZw8. ss{UhÀ ]¯mw ¢mÊv {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw

dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬knÂ Hm^v C´y, C´ybpsS s]mXp ]Ým-

¯ew ]cn-K-Wn¨v GXv hnt[-\bpw Ipsd-tbsd hnZ-Kv²sc {Kma-{Km-am- -c-§-fnÂ

tkh-\-¯n\v e`y-am-h-s«-sb¶ kZp-t±-i-t¯m-sS, kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j-\nse _ncp-Z-

tbm-KyX (BEd. Spl. Edn) hnZqc hnZym-`ym-k- n-eqsS \ÂIn-h-cp-¶p-v. hnZqc hnZym-`ym-b-

k-¯n-eqsS Ffp¸w t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-hp¶ Hcp Ign-h-Ã, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Akm-[m-cW ss\]p-Wn. C -c-¯nÂ hnZqc

hnZym-`ymk tbmKy-X-am-{Xw ssIap-X-epÅ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-tä-gvknsâ tkh-\-

§sf kw_-Ôn¨v taJ-e-bn-ep-Å-hÀ¡v {]tXy-In¨v c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v aXn¸v Ipd-hm-Wv.

hnZqc hnZym--`ym-k-¯n-eqsS tbmKyX t\Snb A²ym-]-IÀ¡v ]cn-io-en¸-ns -Sp-¡m-hp¶

Hcp hn`m-Kta AÃ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, hnZqc

hnZym-`y-k-¯n-eqsS kn²n¨ A²ym-]I tbmKyX Hc-Sn-Øm\ tbmKy-X-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-

¡m-sX, A[nI tbmKy-X-bmbn am{Xta ]cn-K-Wn-¡mhq F¶v I½o-j³ \nÀt±-in-¡p-¶p.

AtXm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ hÀj-§-fm-bn, kvIqfp-I-fnÂ hnZq-c-hn-Zym-`ymk tbmKyX am{X-ambn

tPmen-sN-¿p¶ A²ym-]-I-cp-s-¦nÂ, \nÝnX ka-b-]-cn[n A\p-h-Zn¨v dKp-eÀ

A²ym-]I tbmKyX t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\pÅ Ah-kcw Dm-¡n-s¡m-Sp-¡-Ww. AXp-a-sÃ-

¦nÂ, Cu dnt¸mÀ«nÂ \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ kwØm\ Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ B`n-ap-Jy-

¯nÂ \ne-hnÂ hnZqc hnZym-`ymk tbmKy-X-bp-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ A²ym]-IÀ¡v

Bdpam-ks¯ Xo{h-]-cn-io-e\ tImgvknÂ ]s¦-Sp-¸n¨v tbmKy-X-bp-Å-h-cm-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-

Wv.

tIhew kmt¦-XnI hmZ-ap-J-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ, hnZqc hnZym-`ym-khpw

dKp-eÀ hnZym-`ym-khpw Xpey-am-sW¶ \ne-bnÂ ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ, ]t¯m ]Xn-\t©m

Znh-ks¯ apJm-apJ IvfmÊp-IÄ am{Xw e`y-ambn hnZq-c-¯n-en-cp¶v _ncpZw t\Snb

65

A[ym-]-I-cpsS Ahn-Z-Kv²-amb A[ym-]-\-¯n-sâ Cc-I-fm-hm³, Hcp-hn-[-¯nepw

_p²n-]-c-ambn ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hsc A\p-h-Zn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ khn-

tij Pm{KX ]peÀt --Xp-v.

dolm-_-en-tä-j³ Iu¬knÂ Hm^v Cý F¶ \nb-a-]c-amb A[n-Im-c-apÅ

kwhn-[m\w Cý-bnÂ Dm-hp-¶-Xn\v ap¼p-X-s¶, Cu taJ-e-bnse kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-

IÄ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-Xp-S-§n. Ct¸mÄ 30 Dw 35 Dw hÀjs¯ tkh\ ]mc-¼-cy-apÅ

kaÀ¸nX PohnXw \bn¨ A[ym-]-Icpw addpPoh-\-¡m-cp-ap- v. ]t£ AhÀ¡v, dolm-_n-

en-tä-j³ Iu¬knÂ Hm^v Cý \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ tbmKyX \ne-hn-en-Ã. kpZoÀL-Im-

es¯ Ah-cpsS tkh-\s¯ ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp¶ Cu Poh-\-¡msc

Hcp am\-Z-WvU-¯sâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ, tPmen-bnÂ XpS-cm³ kÀ¡mÀ A\p-h-Zn-¡-

Ww. Ch-cnÂ ]ecpw 10-þmw Xcw ]mÊm-b-hcpw AtXm-sSm¸w Hcp-hÀjs¯ Un]vtfma

tbmKy-X-tbm {_nUvPv tImgvkv tbmKy-Xtbm Df-f-h-cm-Wv. 1992 Â \ne-hnÂh¶

dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬knÂ Hm^v Cý-bpsS \nÀt±-i-{]-Imcw A[ym-]-IÀ¡pÅ ASn-

Øm\ tbmKyX 12-þmw IvfmÊpw Un]vtfma tImgvkp-am-Wv. hÀj-§-fmbn tPmen-sN-

bvXp-h-cp¶ ]¯mw-IvfmÊpw Un]vtfm-a-tbm AX-sÃ-¦nÂ {_nUvPp-tImgvtkm DÅ

A[ym-]-I-sc, A[ym-]-I-cmbn \ne-\nÀ¯m-\pw, AXnepw Ipdª ASn-Øm\ hnZym-

`ymkapÅ-hsc A[ym-]-tI-Xc XkvXn-I-bnÂ \ne-\nÀ¯m\pw kÀ¡mÀ {]tXyIw

{i²n-t¡--Xm-Wv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,

_lp-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§nb {]iv\-§-fp-Å-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-§Ä¡pÅ kao-]-\-§Ä¡v,

GXm-smcp kam\ kz`m-h-ap-s-¦n-epw, Hm«n-kw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-I-eyw,

XpS-§n-b-h-bpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§sf khn-ti-j-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡- -Xp-v. FÃm-

hn-`m-K-§Ä¡pw hyày-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xn-X-s¶-bmhpw (IEP) IqSp-XÂ A`n-Im-

ay-am-Ip-I. Hmtcm hyàn-Ifpw H¶-sÃ-¦nÂa-tä-sX-¦nepw khn-ti-j-X-I-fmÂ hyXn-cn-à-

cm-hpw. Xmc-X-ay-§Ät¡m, Xpe\w sN¿-ent\m, C¯cw hnZyÀ°n-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v

{]kIv-Xn-bp-m-hn-Ã. Hmtcm hyàn-bpsSbpw hnZym-`ymk Bh-iy-§Ä, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-Xn-

I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-IÄ¡v hnt[b-ambn KWy-amb tXmXnÂ hy-Xy-kvX-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

_p²n-]-c-ambn hyXykvX Ign-hp-IÄ {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-h-À, Hm«n-kw, ]T-\-]-c-amb Akm-

66

[m-c-WXzw F¶nh A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-h-cnÂ Ip-h-cp-¶p. Xo{hhpw XojvW-hp-amb

Hm«nkw _m[n- -hÀ¡v kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ Xs¶ ]e-t¸mgpw Bh-iy-ambn ht¶-

¡mw. km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fnÂ Xs¶ Cu Ip«n-Isf \ne-\n-dp-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, ]cn-

io-e-\-¯nsâ Hcp ss\c-´cyw Dmth-Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

Hm«n-k-sa¶ {]iv\w, B[p-\nI imkv{X-tem-I-¯n\p-Xs¶ ]qÀ®-ambpw hg-

§m¯ Hcp hnj-b-am-Wv. Ht«sd hnZym-`ymk k{¼-Zm-b-§fpw kao-]-\-§fpw Ch-

cpsS ]cn-io-e\w kw_-Ôn¨v \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. F´pX-s¶-bm-bmepw kaq-l-¯nsâ

apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v Chsc sImp-h-cp-¶-Xn-\pÅ imkv{Xob kao-]\w Bhn-jvI-cn¨v \S-

¸m-¡p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\pÅ ]Ým-¯e kuI-cyhpw hnZ-Kv²-cpsS ]¦m-fn-

¯hpw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw thWw.

Hm«nkw _m[n¨ Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v kaq-l-¯nÂ \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ hen-sbmcp

sXän-²m-cW, FÃm Hm«nkw _m[n-Xcpw 'AXn-\n-]pW' (High Functioning) Hm«nkw DÅ-

h-cm-sW-¶m-Wv. sNdn-sbmcp iX-am\w am{Xta Cu hn`m-K- nÂ hcp-¶p-Åq.

GXm\pw Ip«n-IÄ Nne taJ-e-I-fnÂ AXn-ssh-ZKv²yw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶-Xnsâ ASn-

Øm-\-¯nÂ, kmam-\y-hÂ¡-cWw \S-¯p-¶Xv icn-bm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa-¶n-Ã. ]s£, Hm«n-

k-apÅ ]e-Ip-«n-I-tfbpw km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fnÂ tNÀ¡m-sa-¦nepw BÀ¡pw

kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ th F¶ hmZw F{X-am{Xw bpàn-k-l-amWv F¶-Im-cy-

¯nÂ kwi-b-ap-v.

]T-\-]-c-amb {Ia-`w-Ktam Akm-[m-c-W-Xztam (Learning Disorders) A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-

¡p¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS {]iv\-¯nÂ hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ kXzc {i²-]-Xn-tb--Xm-Wv.

C¯cw Ip«n-IÄ Fgp-¯ntem hmb-\-bntem KWn-X-¯ntem t]cp-IÄ HmÀ¯p-sh-

bv¡p-¶-Xntem Hs¡ ImWn-¡p¶ khn-ti-j-amb {]bm-k-§Ä kmaq-ly-ambn

s]mXpth Zriy-a-Ã. Ch-c-\p-`hn-¡p¶ am\-knI {]iv\-§Ä Xncn- -dn-bmsX t]mIp-¶-

Xp-sIm-pÅ am\-knI k½-À±-§Ä Ht«-sd-bm-Wv. e£y-thy-[n-bmb sNdn-sbmcp CS-s]-

SÂ \S-¯n-bmÂXs¶ Ch-c-\p- -hn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§Ä ]qÀ®-amtbm `mKn-I-amtbm ]cn-

l-cn-¡m-\m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. aäv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ\n¶pw hyXy-

kvX-cm-bn, am\-knI kwLÀj-§-fpsS k½À±w, {]iv\w A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Ip«n-Ifpw

Ah-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡fpw Htc-t]mse A\p- -hn-¡p-¶pv. hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bnÂ ChÀ¡v,

67

]co-£-sb-gp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, kvss{I_n-s\bpw A[nI ka-b-hp-sams¡ A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶p- -

v. ]t£, Cu kuIcyw lbÀ sk¡âdn Xew-h-sc-bm-Wv Ct¸mÄ HutZym-Kn-I-ambn

AwKo-I-cn-bv¡p-¶-Xv. s{]m -j-WÂ tImgvkp-I-fnepw aäv XpSÀ _ncp-Z-tIm-gvkp-I-fn-ep-

sam-s¡, Ch-cpsS Ign-hp-IÄ¡v Du¶Â \evIn-s¡m-v, kulr-Zm-ß-I-amb Hcp kao]\w

kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. _p²n-]-c-ambn ]e-t¸mgpw Nne taJ-e-bn-se-¦n-epw, km[m-cW Ip«n-I-

fnÂ\n¶p IqSp-XÂ DbÀ¶ \ne-hmcw ChÀ {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p-v. Ah-cpsS khn-tij

Ign-hp-Isf D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n, aqey-\nÀ®bw \S-¯p¶ hyàym-[n-jvTnX

kao-]\w, ]T-\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-tcmSv kzoI-cn-¡-Ww. s{]m^-j-WÂ

tImgvkp-I-fnÂ, {]tXy-I¨v F©n-\o-b-dnwKv hnj-b-§-fnÂ, t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-¡p-IÄ, sF.-Sn.-

sF., Nn{X-I-e, aäv I-c-Iu-ie taJ-e-IÄ F¶n-h-bn-sems¡ ]T\ km[yX ChÀ¡v Dd-

¸p-\-evIp¶ hn[w, {]th-i\ ]co-£-I-fnÂ DZm-c-amb kao]-\-amWv Dm-tI--Xv.

]T-\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Ht«sd Ip«n-IÄ hyh-Øn-Xn-bpsS IÀ¡-i-

amb kao]-\-§-fnepw \njvIÀj-XI-fnepw X«n-s -dn-¨v, \nÊ-lm-b-cmbn \½psS kaq-

l¯n-ep-v. Ch-c\p`hn-¡p¶ at\m-th-Z-\-I-fnepw \nÊ-lm-bm-h-Ø-I-fnepw F´psN-¿-

W-sa¶v AdnbmsX, CXn-IÀ -hy-Xm-aq-V-cmbn Ign-bp¶ c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS thZ\

AXn-tesd Zp:J-I-c-am--Wv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, ]T-\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS

khn-ti-j-amb hnZym-`ymk {]iv\-§Ä¡v hfsc A\p-`m-h-]qÀ®-amb DZmc kao-]\w

hnZym-`ymk Øm]-\-§Ä kzoI-cn-¡-W-sa¶v Hcp {]tXyI D -c-hn-eqsS kÀ¡mÀ

\nÀt±-in-¡-Ww. am\h Ncn-{X-¯nÂ \nbm-a-I-amb kzm[o\w sNep-¯nb alm-{]-Xn- -I-

fmb hyàn-Xz-§-fnÂ ]ecpw ]T\-]-c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-«-h-cm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶p-ÅXv

Ft¸mgpw HmÀt¡-Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS khn-ti-j-amb akvXnjvI ssh -h-§sf {Inbm-ß-

I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-\p-X-Ip¶ A\p-Iqe kml-N-cy-§Ä krjvSn-¡p-I-sb¶ henb

shÃp-hnfn \mw Gsä-Sp-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv, ]T-\]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-sc,

kaÀ°-ambn kaq-l-¯nÂ ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m-\pÅ Ah-k-c-§Ä krjvSn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.

ssiih at\m-tcm-Km-hØ ]e-hn-ZymÀ°n-I-fnepw hnZym-`ymk Ime-¯n-sâ

hnhn[ L«-§-fnÂ t\cn-Sp¶ am\-knI {]iv\-am-Wv. Ipªm-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ XpS§n

_ncp-Z-X-ew-hsc GXv ka-b¯pw at\m-tcmK km[yX Is¯n-sb-¶p-h-cmw. ap¼-s -

¡mÄ IqSp-X-em-bn, Cu tcmKm-hØ hym]-I-ambns¡mn-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v inip at\m-tcm-

68

K-hn-Z-Kv²-·mÀ kqN\ \evIp-¶p. \½psS kaq-l-¯nÂ H«pw-Xs¶ {i²-e-`n-¨n-«n-Ãm¯

Hcp hn`m--KamWv ssiih at\m-tcm-K-¯n\v hnt[-b-cm-b-hÀ. Cu Ip«n-Ifpw IpSpw-

_hpw t\cn-Sp¶ sISp-Xn-IÄ¡v bmsXmcp ]cn-[n-bp-an-Ã. ssiih A{I-aW kz`mhw

hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ sshIrX s]cp-am-ä-§Ä, \io-I-cW {]h-W-X, kzbw A]-I-S-s -Sp-

¯m-\pÅ {]h-W-X, Bß-l-Xym-{]-h-W-X, AXn-km-l-kn-Ihpw A]-I-S-I-c-hp-amb

{]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ GÀs¸-SÂ, Imc-W-ta-Xp-an-Ãm-sX-bpÅ {]Xn-Im-cw XpS§n

hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä Ch-cnÂ Ip-h--cp-¶p. kvIntkm-{ô-\n-b, aqUv UntkmÀU-À, hnjm-

Zw, D·mZw F¶n-h-sbms¡ Ip«n-I-fnÂ Ip-h-cp-¶p-v. BXy-ń-I-ambn Cu {]iv\-§-fp-

sS-sbÃmw ]cn-WnXn _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bm-Wv.

NnInÂk-tbm-sSm-¸w-X-s¶. hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn khn-tij ]cn-K-W\ AÀln-

¡p¶ ssiih at\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fnÂXs¶ hnZym-`ymkw

\ÂIp-Ibpw AtXmsSm-¸w-Xs¶, ]co-£-I-fnepw aqey-\nÀ®b coXn-bn-ep-sam-s¡,

hyày-[n-jvTnX ]cn-K-W-\-tbm-sS-bpÅ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xn-eq-sS,

`mhn-bnÂ hyàn¡pw kaq-l-¯n\pw t\cn-tS-n-h-cp¶ {]iv\-§-fnÂ\n¶pw c£-s¸-Sp¯n

]p-\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. \nc-ć NnInÂk \ÂtI-n-h-t¶-¡m-sa-¦nepw, IrXyhpw

A\p-tbm-Py-hp-amb NnInÂkm-coXn \S-¸m-¡m-\m-bmÂ, kmaq-ly-ambn C -cw -Ip-«n-

Isf kaÀ°-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m-\m-hpw. GXm-bmepw Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{In-

I-bnÂ, XnI¨pw hyàym-[n-jvTnX kao]-\hpw AtXm-sSm¸w ]cn-£-bnepw aäpw sNdn-

sbmcp DZm-c-Xbpw kzoI-cn-¨mÂ km[mcW hnZym-e-b-§fn-eq-sS-¯s¶ Chsc ]cn-io-

en-¸n-s -Sp¯p apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v sImp-h-cm³ Ign-bpw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-f-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym`ymk-¯n\v Ahiyw th ]

mTy-]-²Xn imkv{Xo-b-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, ,tÌäv Iu¬knÂ t^mÀ FUyq-t¡-

j³ dntkÀ¨v Bâv s{Sbn-\nwKv (SCERT) \S-]-Sn-IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn-¨p-I-gn-ªp. hyàym-

[n-jvTn-Xhpw (individualized) {]hÀ -t\m-·p-J-hp-amb (Functional) ~Hcp ]mTy-]-²Xn cq]-

s¸-Sp¯n AtXm-sSm¸w kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-IÄ \ÂIm-hp¶ coXn-bnÂ, Hmtcm hyàn-I-fpsS

khn-tij Ign-hp-IÄ ]cn-K-Wn¨v Hcp aqey-\nÀ®b kwhn-[m-\hpw Dd-¸p-h-cp-t - -Xp-v.

tIc-f- nse kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnse ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v am{X-am-bn, Cu DZy-as¯ ]cn-

69

an-X-s -Sp-¯m-sX, kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ F¯n-s¸-Sm-\m-hm- -h-scbpw A\u-]-Nm-

cnI kwhn-[m-\-¯n-eqsS Ah-cpsS hnZym-`ymk Bh-iy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶-

Xn\v {]m]vX-am-¡p¶ hn[w hfsc DZm-c-amb kao-]\w ]mTy-{Ia cq]o-I-c-W-¯nÂ

kzoI-cn-¨mÂ, Gsd KpW-I-c-amb Hcp DZy-a-ambn Cu ]mTy-]-²Xn cq]o-I-cW {]{Inb ]

cn-W-an-¡pw.

_lp-`q-cn-]£w hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, Hu]-Nm-cnI

kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ kwhn-[m-\- n\v ]pd-¯m-sW-¶p-Å-Xpw aäp hnhn[ Imc-W-

§ÄsImpw ChÀ¡v hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-bpsS `mK-am-Im³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. ]s£, Cu

hn`m-K-§Äs¡m-s¡bpw A£-cm-`ym-k-¯n-eq-sSbpw ss\]pWn hnI-k-\-¯n-eq-sS-bp-

sams¡ Hcp kmaqly ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS Ah-k-c-§Ä Dm-I-Ww. Hcm-fpsS

PohnXw t]mepw, hyÀ°-a-sÃ-¶pw -Hmtcm P·-¯n\pw Ah-cpsS ]canXnIÄ Fs´m-

s¡- -s¶-bm-bm-epw -km-aq-ly-Po-hn-X-¯nÂ henb {]m[m-\y-ap-v F¶pw kzbw Xncn- -dn-

bm\pw aäp-Å-hÀ¡v A¯cw [mcW Dm-Ip-hm-\p-apÅ D¶-X-amb [mÀ½n-I-t_m[w

kaqlw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv, kmI-eyXm Pohn-X-¯nsâ (Inclusive Life) A´:k¯

km[q-I-cn-¡-s -Sp-I.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnZym-`ymkw, sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\w,

sXmgnÂ F¶nh \ÂIm-\pÅ FÃm kml-N-cy-s¯bpw t{]mÂkm-ln-¸n-t¡- -Xm-Wv.

AXn-ep-]-cn, hfsc t_m[-]qÀÆ ]cn-{i-a-¯n-eq-sS, C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v, hnZym-`ym-

khpw sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgnepw \ÂIm-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä Hcp-¡m³ km[y-

amb FÃm {ia-§fpw kaq-l-sa-¶-\n-e-bnÂ \S-¯p-hm³ \mw _m[y-Ø-cm-Wv.

imkv{X kmt¦-XnI hnZy Gsd apt¶m«pt]mbn-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ B[p-\nI Ime-

¯v, I¼yq-«À kmt¦-Xn-IX kaÀ°-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯n _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{Inb IqSp-XÂ KpW-]-chpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-am¡n am\-äm-\m-

hpw. AtXm-sSm¸w CtX kmt¦-XnI hnZybpsS klm-b-¯mÂX-s¶, aqey-\nÀ®-

bhpw ]co£m k{¼-Zm-b-hp-sams¡ hnI-kn-¸n-s -Sp-¡m-\p-am-hpw.

tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{In-b-

bnÂ, kPoh km¶n-[y-am-Ip-¶-hn[w kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ (State Apex

Institute) {]hÀ¯\w ]p\:kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww. A¡m-Z-an-I-an-Ihpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb

70

FÃm \nb-{´-Whpw s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ t\cn-«pÅ \nb{´W¯nÂ cq]o-Ir-

X-amb kzbw- -c-Wm-h-Imi Øm]-\-amb Cu kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯eqsS-bm-h-

Ww. Cu kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯n\v \mev taJ-em-tI-{µ-§Ä tIc-f-¯nsâ

hnhn[ `mK-§-fn-embn Øm]n-¡-Ww. Cu \mev taJem tI{µ§-fn-eqsS PnÃ-bnepw

Xmeq-¡v, ]©m-b¯v tI{µo-I-cn¨pw ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä GtIm-]n-¸nt¡- -Xm-

Wv. C -c-samcp kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ LS-\m-Nn{Xw CtXm-sSm¸w tNÀ¡p-I-bm-Wv.

71

72

STATE LEVELCENTRE

Medical Department: Paediatrician Neurologist Psychiatrist Psychologist Physiatrist

Early Intervention: Speech Therapist Physio Therapist Occupational Therapist Behaviour Therapist

MentalChallenge

Autism CerebralPalsy

MultipleDisabilities

ChildhoodMental Illness

LearningDisorder

Vocational Department: Rehabilitation Village:

Employment:

.

STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Apex Body)

Regional Centre(North)

Regional Centre(High Range)

Regional Centre(Central)

Regional Centre(South)

TVPMKLMPTAALPY

TSRPKDMLPMKKD

KTMIDKIEKMEKM

WYNDKNRKSGD

Taluk Level Centre

Local Level Centre

District LevelDistrict LevelDistrict LevelDistrict Level

STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Proposed Facilities)

HumanResources

Development

HelpDesk Canteen Transportation

SpecialSchool

EmploymentExchange

Follow upServicesResearch

Respite Home

HostelLibrary Service Centre

VocationalCounselling EmploymentIntervention

StudentsParents

74

tIc-f- nÂ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw ]m§-¸m-d-bn-epÅ kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb

sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne©vUv (SIMC) F¶ Øm]\w,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ, _p²n-am-µy-hn-`m-K-¯n\v am{X-am-bmWv

Ct¸mÄ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Øm]-\-s -X-s¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

AXm-b-Xv _p²n-a-mµyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-

tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§nb FÃm hn`m-K-§-fp-sSbpw t\cs¯ Is- Â (Early

Detection), t\cs¯ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention), khn-tij hnZym-`ym-kw (Special

Education), sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-tI{µw (Vocational Training) XpS-§nb ]p\-c-[n-hmk

{]hÀ -\-§sf GtIm-]n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿p¶

kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-ambn hnI-kn-¸n-¡m-\m-Ipw. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, tIc-f-¯nÂ C -c-samcp kwhn-[m-\-¯nsâ Bh-iy-IX

AXy-[nIw ASn-b-´nc kz`m-h-t¯msS \nÀÆ-ln-t¡--Xp-v.

tIc-f- nÂ Øm]n-t¡ C -c-samcp kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nÂ, Ct¸mÄ

Dt±-in-¨n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm Un¸mÀ«vsaâp-Ifpw Øm]n-¨p-I-gn-ªmÂ, kwØm-\-s¯, apgp-

h³ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-scbpw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-§-sfbpw

_m[n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm {]iv\-§-fnepw t\cn«v CS-s]-Sm³ Ignbpw. F¶v am{X-a-Ã, Ah-

cpsS C¶s¯ \ncm-im-P-\-I-amb Pohn-Xs¯ {]Xo-£m-\nÀ -c-amb Ah-Ø-bn-

te¡v \bn-¡m³, Cu s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-¯n\v Ign-bp-Ibpw sN¿pw. kzImcy

k¶² kwL-S-\-IÄ \S-¯n-h-cp¶ Cu taJ-e-bn-epff kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fp-sSbpw

A¡m-Z-an-Ihpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb FÃm tkh-\-§fpw Cu tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n-eqsS \nÀÆ-

ln-¡m³I-gn-bpw. Bcw- -¯nÂXs¶, hyh-Øm-]n-X-amb Hcp amÀ¤w _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hn`m-K-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS Imcy-

¯nÂ Dm-Ip-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, C -c-¯n-epÅ hyàn-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-khpw ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-

hp-sam-s¡, hfsc imkv{Xo-b-am-bn-¯s¶ hnP-b-I-c-ambn \nÀÆ-ln-¡m³ Ign-bpw.

\ne-hnÂ kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nÂ

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ, kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ tlmÌÂ, {Sm³kvt]mÀ-t«-j³, ^nkn-tbm-sX-

dm-¸n, shmt¡-j-WÂ ss{S\nw-Kv, ]vsfbvkvsaâv, t]câv Iu¬kn-enw-Kv t{]m{Kmw,

t]câvkv s{Sbn-\nwKv t{]m{Kmw, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³ t{]m{Kmw, Sot¨gvkv s{Sbn-\nwKv

Unt¹ma tImgvkv F¶o kÀÆo-kp-IÄ \ÂIn-h-cp-¶p. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nÂ 130 _p²n-

am-µy-apÅ Ip«n-Ifpw 57 Poh-\-¡m-cp-ap-v. kvXpXyÀl-amb coXn-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn\v

tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n\v Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc Ign-bp-¶p-v. ]s£, kwØm-\-s¯, apgp-h³

_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-¯nÂ {Inbm-ß-I-amb coXn-bnÂ CS-s]-Sm-\pÅ

{]m]vXn, tÌäv C³Ìn-äyp«v C\nbpw BÀÖn-t¡--Xp-v. hn -h-]-c-ambn B tijn hnI-kn-

¸n-s -¦nÂ am{X-ta, tÌäv C³kn-än-äyqs«¶ k¦-ev]-¯n\v A\p-]q-c-I-amb hn[-¯nÂ

{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Biz-kn-¡m³ Ign-bq. Ct¸m-gpÅ FÃm Poh-\-¡mcpw IcmÀ

hyh-Ø-bnÂ tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-htcm AX-sÃ-¦nÂ Znhk thX-\-¡mtcm am{X-am-Wv.

Cusbmcp Ah-Ø, Poh-\-¡m-cpsS {]hÀ -\-¯n-sâbpw tkh-\-§-fp-sSbpw

XpSÀ¨sb _m[n-¡p-¶p-v. Cusbmcp kml-Ncyw Ømbn-bmb Øm]-\-¯nsâ

hfÀ¨bv¡v klm-b-I-c-a-Ã. Poh-\-¡mÀ, s]mXp-th, D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯msS {]hÀ¯n-

¡m³, klm-b-I-c-am-hp¶ Hc-´-co£w Dm-hp-I-sb-¶-Xv, hfsc {][m-\-am-Wv. AXp-

sIm-p-X-s¶, Znh-k-th-X\w IcmÀhy-hØ F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä amän,

tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen Ne-©vUnsâ (SIMC) FÃm Poh-\-¡m-scbpw Ønc-am-

bn, \nb-an-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-t¡-Xv Gähpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn. bnÂ \ne-hn-epÅ tkh-\-§Ä hfsc ]cnan-X-amb F®w

KpW-t`m-àm-¡-fnse Ct¸mÄ F¯n-¡m-\m-hp-¶p-Åq. Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw PnÃsb tI{µo-

I-cn-¨pÅ {]hÀ -\-§-fm-Wv, Ct¸mÄ {][m-\-ambpw \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv. aäv PnÃ-I-fnepw

aäv kwØm-\-§-fnÂ\n-s¶-¯nb A\m-Y-cmb _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cp-sam-s¡, Cu

Øm]-\-¯nÂ At -hm-kn-I-fmbpv. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ {]hÀ¯\w kzm`m-hn-I-

ambpw hn`m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xv, _p²n-amµy ]p\-c-[n-hmk taJ-e-bnÂ kwØm-\- m-

sIbpÅ {]hÀ -\-§sf GtIm-]n-¸-n¡p-Ibpw A¡m-Z-anI amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä

\ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI F¶-Xp-am-Wv. B AÀ°-¯nÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ

{]hÀ -\-§Ä Gsd hn]p-eo-I-cn-t¡--Xp-v.

tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v ASp¯ km¼-¯nI hÀj-¯nÂ cv taJem tI{µ-§Ä IqSn

XpS-§p-hm³ XXz-¯nÂ Xocp-am-\n-¨n-«p-v. BsI \mev taJem tI{µ-§-fmWv

kwØm-\¯v hn`m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xv. Cu taJ-em-tI-{µ-§-fn-eqsS Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn.

76

bpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf kwØm-\-¯msI hntI-{µo-I-cn-t¡--Xp-v. ]p\-c-[n-hmk tkh\

{]hÀ -\-§-fpsS Cu hntI-{µo-I-cW {]hÀ -\-§-fn-eqsS, kwØm-\-¯pÅ

_p²n-]-c-ambn {]iv\-§-f-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS FÃmw Pohn-X-¯nÂ {Inbm-ß-I-ambn CS-

s]-Sm\pw Ahsc imào-I-cn-¡m\pw tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«n\v Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ FÃm

{]hÀ¯\ ]²-Xn-Ifpw Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-¸m-t¡-Xp-v. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ ]cn-

an-X-amb [\-Imcy ØnXn-bnÂ\n-¶v, kwØm-\s¯ c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pÅ t_m[-hÂ¡-

cW ]cn-]m-Sn, \Ã \ne-bnÂ Ct¸mÄ \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p. t_m[-hÂ¡-cW ]²-Xn-¡m-bn,

B[p-\nI kmt¦-XnI hnZy-bpsS klm-b-¯mÂ, hn]p-e-amb ]²-Xn-IÄ Fkv. sF.-Fw.-

kn. Bkq-{XWw sNbvXp-h-cp-¶p-v.

t\cs¯ Xncn- -dn-bpI (Early Detection) XpS§n sXmgnÂ t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xp

hsc-bpÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS hnhn[ L«-§-fn-epÅ {]hÀ -\-§Ä

Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn. Ct¸mÄ \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v. Ipd¨p hÀj-§-fmbn Xncp-h-\-´-]pcw

kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯nÂ ]¯v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p. Cu hÀjw 20 Hmfw apXnÀ¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ Xnc-h-\- -]p-cs¯ In³{ -]mÀ¡nÂ tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p. Fkv. sF.-

Fw.-kn. se shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶ A-t´-hm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp¶ ChÀ, Ct¸mÄ

A{Xbpw IpSpw-_-§Ä¡v hcp-am\ t{kmX-Êmbn amdp-¶, kmaqly kw`m-h-\-IÄ

sN¿p¶ ]uc-·m-cmbn hfÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Fs¶¶pw kmaqly _m[y-X-bmWv F¶

iImc hm¡p-IÄ¡v, Cu Ip«n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ Hcp Øm\-hp-an-sÃ¶v tPmen

sN¿p¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶ ChÀ sXfn-bn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.

Fkv.sF.-Fw.-kn. bnÂ ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn Xncp-h-\- -]pcw kb³kv Bâv

sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯nÂ tXm«-¡m-c-\mbn tPmen-sN-¿p¶ IS-bv¡m-hqÀ¡m-c-\mb

{io. kPo-hm-Wv, Cu hÀjw tZio-b-X-e-¯nÂ Gähpw \Ã shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp¶ tPmen-

¡m-c-\mbn sXc-sª-Sp-¡-s¸«v _lp. cmjv{S-]-Xn-bnÂ\n¶pw AhmÀUv kzoI-cn-¨Xv.

Fkv. sF.-Fw.-kn. bpsS amXrIm-]-c-amb {]hÀ -\-¯nsâ ^e-ambn kn²n¨

A]qÀÆ-amb _lp-aXn-bm-WnXv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-sa¶ {]iv\w GXm-bmepw

Gsd NÀ -sN-¿p¶ Kuc-hamb kmaqly hnj-b-ambn ]cn-W-an¨p F¶-Xn\v I½o-j\v

77

tIcf t]mXp-k-aq-l-t¯mSv A\Â]-amb IS-¸m-Sp- v. CXv XoÀ¯pw tIcf hnZym-`ymk

Ncn-{X-¯nse kphÀ® aplqÀ -am-Wv. Cu Ah-k-c-¯nÂ, tIc-f-¯nÂ _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§sf imào-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw

AXn-s\mcp Znim-t_m[w ]I-cp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Ncn-{X-\n-sbmKw Gsä-Sp-¡p-¶-hÀ,

_lp-am-\y-\mb ap³ hnZym-`ym-k-a{ń {io. C. Sn. apl-½Zv _joÀ \nco-£n-¨Xp-t]m-se,

'Ncn-{X-¯m-fp-I-fnÂ Imes¯ AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯m³ `mKyw kn²n- -h-cm-Wv'. Cu I½o-

js\ ]T-\- n-\mbn \ntbm-Kn¨ C¶s¯ hnZym-`ymk hIp¸v a{ń Gähpw BZ-c-Wo-

b-\mb {io. ]n.-sI. A_v±p-d-ºn\v B Ncn-{X-\n-tbmKw Gsä-Sp-¡m³ `mKy-ap-m-hs«!

hnZym- ymkw-þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Htc-Io-IrX ]mTy-]-²-

Xn-bpw

]T-\-co-Xnbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww .

kaq-l-¯n\v hne-s¸« tkh\w \ÂIp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cnSp-¶-h-À¡m-bpÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-À¡v, aäv kam\

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS (A-Ô-þ-_-[n-c) tkh-\þthX\ hyh-

Ø-IÄ ASn-b-ń-c-ambn \ÂIWw. am\y-amb thX\w e`n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-

Xv, hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ¯\w KpW-]-chpw ê-{]-Z-hp-amb Hcp {]{Inb

AÃm-Xm-¡p-Ibpw BXy-ń-I-am-bn AXv Ip«n-I-fpsS ASn-Øm\ Ah-Imi

ewL-\hpw Poh-\-¡m-cpsS \oXn \ntj-[-hp-ambn ]cn-Wan-¡p-I-bpw

sN¿pw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ ]ptcm-K-Xn-

bpsS HmtcmL-«¯nepw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v \nco-£n-¡mhp¶ Xc-

¯nepw Bh-iy-am-sW- ¦nÂ CS-s]-SÂ \S¯m-hp¶ hn[-¯nepw

hnZym-`ymk k{¼-Zmbw kpXm-cy-ambn-cn-¡-Ww

tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ (_p-²n-ssh-I-eyw,

Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw)

Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw

78

amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µw F{Xbpw

s]s«¶v Øm]n-¡-Ww.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw \oco-£n-

¡p¶Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw kwØm-\-Xe

D¶-XtI-{µ¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ \nc-ć ]cn-tim-[-\-IÄ \S-t - -Xm-Wv.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¨p-sImncn-¡p¶

Ip«n-IÄ¡p-thn BtcmKy hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n, Hm¡p-

t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-bÀ sXdm¸n Ch \ÂI-Ww.

hnI-emwK \nbaw 1995 (PWD Act 1995) A\p-im-kn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ am\-Z-

WvU-§Ä ]cn-]m-en-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-am{Xsa ]n.-U-»q.Un cPn-kvt{S-j³

\ÂImhq.

* ]cym-]vX-amb ASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§-fpÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ¡v IrXy-

amb am\-Z-WvV-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Fbn-UUv ]Zhn \ÂIp¶-Xns\

kw_-Ôn¨v kÀ¡mÀ ASn-b-ń-c-ambn ]cn-tim-[n¡Ww.

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kvIqfp-I-fnÂ A²ym-]I þ

A²ym-]-tI-Xnc hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw sshI-ey-¯nsâ Xo{h-X-b-\p-k-cn¨v

hyà-ambn \nÀh-Nn-¡pIbpw AXn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn Poh-\-¡m-cpsS F®w

\nÝbn-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡m-bpÅ kvIqfp-IÄ X½n-epÅ

Zqc-]-cn[n FÃm-Xcw Ip«n-IÄ¡pw ê-{]-Z-amb tkh\w e`n-¡p¶ hn[-¯nÂ

]men-t¡XmWv

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS kvIqfp-I-fnÂ Ah-cpsS

ka-{Khn-I-k-\-¯n\v Bh-iy-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-§fpw sXdm-]yq-«nIv

klmb D]-I-c-W§fpw Ds¶v Dd-¸m-¡-Ww..

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÄs¸sS FÃm hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fp-sSbpw

hnZym`ym-ks¯ Hc-[ym-b-ambn DÄs -Sp¯n tIcf hnZym-`ymk N«w ]cn-jv¡-

cn-¡-Ww. .

* _Uvkv kvIqfp-I-fnepw kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fn-epw s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-

fnepw \ne-hn-epÅ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Bh-iy-amb tbmKyX CsÃ¦nÂ

79

tbmKyX BÀÖn-¡m-\pÅ ka-b-]-cn[n \ÂIn aäp kam\ kvs]jyÂ

kvIqÄ (A-Ô-þ-_-[n-c) Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh\ thX\

hyhØIÄ Dd¸m-¡-Ww.

* Bb-amÀ¡pw, kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn v ASn-

Øm\[mcW Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bnÂ AwKo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb

{lkz-Ime ]cn-io-e\w \ÂI-Ww.

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ kÀ¡mÀ

AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ IrXy-amb amÀ¤-tc-J-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb A²ym-]I, c£-IÀXr

kwL-S\ \nÝ-b-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww.

* {]tXyI hnZym-`ymkam-bmepw kwtbm-Pn-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-bm-epw, _p²n-]-camb

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS hyàn-KX ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v (sF.C.]n)

{]m[m\yw \ÂI-Ww. ^e-{]-Z-amb hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\,v sF.-C.-]n. F¶Xv

Hmtcm Ip«n-bp-tSbpw ASn-Øm\ hnZym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-tc-J-bmbn ]cn-K-

Wn-¡-Ww

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-IÄ GXv kwhn-[m-\-

¯nsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-em-bmepw hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä \nb-{´n-¡p-¶Xv

hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

* khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-epw, kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ym-k-¯nepw DÄs¸-Sm¯

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-tij hnZym-

`ym-k-¯n-\pÅ kuIcyw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-tij

hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v \mj-WÂ Hm¸¬ kvIqÄ amXr-I-bnÂ {]tXyI ]mTy-]-

²Xn-bpw, ]co-£-bpw, kÀ«n^n-¡äv \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\hpw Dm-bn-

cn¡Ww

* skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn _m[n¨ Ip«n-I-fpsS imco-cnI sshI-ey-§Ä adn-I-S-

¡m³ km[n¡p¶-co-Xn-bn-epÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-cW kwhn-[m-\-§Ä

kvIqfpI-fnÂ Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

80

* skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th sXdm-¸n-IÄ e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v

GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ apXÂ thmt¡-j-WÂ bqWo-äp-IÄ hscbpÅ kwhn-

[m\w kvIqfp-I-fnÂ Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

* skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw ikv{X- {In-

b-Ifpw kuP-\y ambn e`y-am-¡-Ww.

* _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯nsâ hym]vXn A\p-k-

cn¨v ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw, ]T-\-co-Xn-Ifpw (DZm-l-c-W-ambn _lp-Xe C{µob

kao-]\w AYhm aÄ«nsk³kdn At{]m¨v) \S-¸m-¡-Ww.

* Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Krlm-[n-jvTnX (tlmw_uv) t{]m{Kmw

IqSp-XÂ ià-ambn \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv. sXdm¸n-Ìnsâ tkh\w IqSn e`y-am-

¡p¶ hn[¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww CXv Bkq-{XWw sNt¿--Xv.

* skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _p²n-ssh-I-eyw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw Ch DÅ-hÀ¡v ]cn

lmc ikv{X-{In-bbpw (Id-IvSohv kÀPdnbpw) klm-b-D-]-I-c-W-§fpw

kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.

* _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS C{µnb {]tNm-Z-\-¯n-\mbn B[p-\nI kmt¦-

XnIhnZy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v sXdm-¸n-Ìp-I-fpsS

tkh\w e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

* Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡,v DZm-l-c-W-ambn _[n-cm-Ô-X-bpÅ Ip«n-

IÄ¡pam{X-ambn ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn hnZym-`ym-k-þ-]-cn-N-cW

tI{µ-§Ä kÀ¡mÀ XpS-§p-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ kzImcy taJ-ebv¡v Bcw-

`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ k¼qÀ® klmbw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.

* ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯n\v A\p-k-cn-¨pÅ

A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn-epw, ]mT-]p-kvX-I- nepw \nÀ_Ô-am-

¡-Ww.

* ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯nÂ DÄs -Sp-¯m³ Ign-bm¯{X Xo{h-amb ]

T-\-sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS ]co-£-bpsS hnj-b-§Ä \nÝ-bn-

¡p-¶-XnÂ DZm-c-amb kao-]\w Dm-hWw

(DZm: IW-¡n-\p-]-Icw I¼yq«À AsÃ-¦nÂ sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnj-b-

§Ä)

81

]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-Isf IrXy-ambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw hne-bn-cp¯n

Ah-cpsS ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-¯nsâ coXn-bpw, kz`m-hhpw Is- p-¶-Xn\v

imkv{Xob kwhn-[m\w kvIqfp-I-fnÂ Dm-bncn-¡-Ww.

]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÄs¸sS Ip«n-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v

s]m-Xp-hnZymeb-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v [mc-W -e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Sn Sn

kn, _n.-F-Uv, Fw. FUv ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bnÂ Hcp t]¸-dmbn Cu hnjbw

DÄs -Sp- -Ww.

]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅhcpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v {]tXyI kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-

cn-¡-Ww. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅhÀ¡v sF.Sn-sF, t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-¡v, F³Pn-\n-

b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ss^\mSvkv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ssI tXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\

tImgvkp-IÄ XpS-§nbh-bnÂ \nÝnX iX-am\w kwh-cWw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -

Ww.

]T\ sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]co£ Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-

Xn-IÄ ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv {]mKÛyw sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kvss{I_v DÄs -sS-

bpÅ klm-b§Ä e`y-am-hp-s¶¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww. Cu kwhn-[m\w

AhÀ lmP-cm-¡p¶ FÃmtbmKyXm ]co-£-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-¡-Ww.

khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«n-k-

apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Hm«n-k-¯nÂ {]tXyI ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨

A²ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w e`y-am-¡-Ww.

s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fn-epw, khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«nk-

ap-ff Ip«nIÄ¡mbn {]tXyIw dntkmgvkv dpw kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-t¡--

XmWv.

ssiih at\m-tcmKw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v Xmeq-¡m-ip-]{Xn Xe-¯n-se-

¦nepw sskIym{Sn¡v tkh\w Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww

ssiih at\m-tcm-Ks¯¡pdn¨v [mcW Dm-Ip-¶-Xn-\mbn \ne-hn-epÅ

kvIqÄ Iu¬-kn-te-gvkn\v ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-Ibpw Iu¬kn-eÀamÀ \ne-

hn-en-Ãm¯ kvYe-§-fnÂ Ahsc \nb-an-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

82

ssiih at\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw Ahsc \nco-£n-

¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pambn sskIym{Sn hmÀUn-t\m-Sp-tNÀ¶v

Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn XewapXÂ Hcp ¢n\n¡v Dmbn-cn-¡-Ww.

ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf apJy-[mcm hnZym-`ymk coXn-tbm-sSm¸w

sImpt]m-Ip-¶-Xn\pw kvIqfp-I-fnÂ A²ym]-IÀ¡v khn-tij ]cn-io-e\w

\ÂI-Ww.

ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn A\p-

tbm-Py-amb sXmgnep-I-fnÂ ap³K-W\ Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.

ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kuP-\y-amb NnIn-Õbpw, acp¶pw

e`y-am-

¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Iem-`n-cpNn hfÀ¯p-¶-

Xn\pw t{]mÕmln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw PnÃm-Xew apXÂ \ne-hnÂ s]mXphn-Zym-

e-b-§-fnÂ sN¿p¶-Xp-t]mse Item-Õhw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Item-Õhw km[m-c-W-

Ip-«n-I-fpsSItem-Õhw t]mse hyà-amb amÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§fpw am\-Z-

WvV-§fpw \nÝ-bn¨v ASp¡pw Nn«-tbmSpw IqSn \S- -Ww.

ItemÕh hnP-bn-IÄ¡v km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fnÂ \ÂIp¶ AtX

k½m-\-XpI\ÂI-Ww. Hcp Xc-¯n-epÅ hnth-N-\hpw Dm-hm³ ]mSn-Ã.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Ign-hp-I-Ä hfÀ¯p-¶-Xn\v

km[mcW kvIqfp-I-fnÂ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-epÅ Imbn-I-ta-f-IÄ

kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.

\mj-WÂ CâÀ \mj-WÂ aÕ-c-§-fnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯v hnP-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v

aäp-Im-bn-IXm-c-§Ä¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]cn-K-

W-\bpw \ÂI-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡mbn Kh¬saânsâ t\Xr-Xz-

¯nepw km¼-¯nI klm-b-¯nepw hÀ¡v FIvkv]o-cn-b³kv taf-IÄ

kwL-Sn-¸n-¡Ww.

83

B[p\nI tkm^väv shbÀ DÄs -sS-bpÅ kmt¦-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Kn¨v

_p²n-]-camb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]T-\-kw-hn-[m\w IqSp-XÂ

BIÀj-I-am-¡Ww.

Iem-Im-bnI hnt\mZ D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-

h-cpsS tijn-hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb ]mTy-{Iaw cq]-s -

Sp-¯Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnt\mZ kuI-cy-§Ä Dd-¸m-

¡m³ Aayqkvsaâv ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw hm«À Xow ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw Hcp klm-

bn-tbm-sSm¸w kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIm³ Øm]\ DS-a-IÄ¡v

\nÀt±iw \evI-Ww. C§s\ kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIp-¶-hÀ¡v \nIp-Xn-

bn-fhv A\p-h-Zn-bv¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

PnÃm BØm-\-§-fnepw Xmeq¡v BØm-\-§-fnepw ]©m-b¯v tI{µ-§-

fn-ep-w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-

§Ä¡pw hnt\m-tZm-]m-[nbv¡v klm-bn-¡p¶ tI{µ-§Ä XpS-§m³

{XnXe ]©m-b-¯p-IÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \evI-Ww.

Iem-þ-Im-bnIþhn-t\mZ tI{µ-§-fnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp¶hÀ¡v kuP\y \nc-¡n-epÅ {]th-i-\-¯n\pw ap³K-W-\m-Sn-Øm-\-

¯nÂ {]th-i\ Sn¡äv e`y-am¡p-¶-Xn\pÅ Ah-k-c-ap-m-I-Ww.

s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnÂ ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶

Ip«n- I-Ä¡v ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw hyh-Øm-]n-Xambpw,

imkv{Xob amÀ¤- \nÀt±i-§-tfm-sSbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.

s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnÂ ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp¶hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sfbpw {]iv\-§-sfbpw Ipdn¨v t_m[-hÂ¡-

cWw \ÂtI--Xm- Wv. C¯cw t_m[-hÂ¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Npa-

Xe dntkmgvkv A²ym]-I-sc-bpw, {]Y-a²ym-]-I-scbpw GÂ¸n-¡-Ww.

s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnÂ ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp¶hÀ¡v shmt¡j-WÂ lbÀsk-¡-dn Xe-¯nÂ sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\

kuI-cy-§Ä Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

84

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃn-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn-

bv¡mbn Ip«n-IÄ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]ÝvNm-¯e kuIcyw \njvIÀjn-

¡p-Ibpw, Ip«n-bpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{Inb kpK-a-ambn \S-¯p-¶-Xn\p

klm-b-I-ambhnZymÀ°n þ A²ym-]I A\p-]mXw Dm-hp-Ibpw thWw.

Ip«n-I-fpsS Bh-iyhpw Ignhpw Adnªv ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-

¯n- epÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mT-]p-kvX-I- nÂ Dm-bn-cn-¡-

Ww.

kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xn-bnÂ DÄs¸-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kv]o v

sXdm-¸n, H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-

bÀ sXdm¸n Ch \ÂIp- ¶-Xn-\pÅ kuIcyw Hmtcm kvIqfnepw D-

m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä

ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶Xv AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnj-b-¯nÂ ]cn-io-

e\w t\Sn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-¡Ww F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

‘Ubäv’ t]mepÅ {][m\ s{Sbn-\nwKv sksâ-dp-I-fnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hn- fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS taJ-e-bnÂ sshZ-Kv²y-apÅ Bfp-

Isf D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.

dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w Ip«n-IÄ¡p-thn At§-bäw D]-tbm-K-

s¸Sp-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶-hn-[-¯nÂ Ah-cpsS tPmen {Iao-I-cn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS \ne-hn-epÅ Ign-hnsâ {]mY-

anI \nÀ®-bhpw ]cn-io-e-\-t¯m-sSm¸w XpSÀaq-ey-\nÀ®-bhpw

\nÀ_-Ô-am-¡-Ww.

dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v hnZ-Kv²-amb

XpSÀ ]cn-tim-[-\-IÄ \S- -Ww.

kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-

IÀ¡v s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm

B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw e`y- am-¡-Ww. (Hmtc Øm]-\-¯nÂ IqSp-XÂ

{]hÀ¯\w \S-¯p-¶-h-tcmSv km¼- ¯nI hnth-N\w ]mSnÃ )

85

s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n\pw khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\pw thn Nne-h-gn-

¡p¶

]W-hpw, hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡p-e-`n-¡p¶ ^e-{]m-]vXnbpw X½nÂ Xmc-Xay ]

T\§Ä \nc-´cw \St --Xm-Wv.

Iuam-c-{]m-b-¯n-epÅ B¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw, s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw sshI-ey-

apÅ Ipªp-§fpmhm-\pÅ km[y-X-Isf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ



Npa-Xes¸Sp- -Ww.

_lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS C{µnb {]tNm-Z-\-¯n-\mbn B[p-\nI

kmt¦-XnI hnZy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v sXdm-¸n-Ìp-I-

fpsS tkh\w e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡,v DZm-l-c-W-ambn _[n-cm-Ô-X-bpÅ

Ip«n-IÄ¡v am{X-ambn ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn hnZym-`ym-k-þ-]-cn-

N-cW tI{µ-§Ä kÀ¡mÀ XpS-§p-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ kzImcy taJ-ebv¡v

Bcw-`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ k¼qÀ®klmbw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.

]T\ sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]co£ Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-Xn-

IÄ ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv {]mKÛyw sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kvss{I_v DÄs¸-sS-

bpÅ klm-b-§Ä e`y-am-hp-s¶¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww. Cu kwhn-[m\w

AhÀ lmP-cm-¡p¶ FÃm tbmKyXm ]co-£-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-¡-Ww

s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fn-epw, khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«nk-

ap-ff Ip«n- IÄ¡mbn {]tXyIw dntkmgvkv dpw kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-t¡--

XmWv.

ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf apJy-[mcm hnZym-`ymk coXn-tbm-sSm¸w


\ÂI-Ww.

86

tIkv ÌUn-hÀj-§-fpsS tkh\w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn kaÀ¸n¨ A²ym-]n-

I-amÀ tIc-f-¯nÂ ]e-bn-S¯mbn Pohn-¡p-¶p-v. buÆ-\hpw a[y-h-b-Êp-sam-s¡, C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn-\m-h-iy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ þ tijn hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Adn-hp-IÄ t\Sp-¶-Xn\pw kaÀ¸n- v, km¼-¯nI Xmev]-cy-§-sfm¶pw ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-sX, A²ym-]-\-¯nsâ alXzwhÀ²n-¸n¨ Ipsd-tbsd A²ym-]n-I-amÀ. A -c-samcp A[ym-]n-I-bm-Wv, ] -\w-Xn« PnÃ-bn-epÅcmP½ So¨À.

cmP½ So¨À Ht«sd _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-Isf Pohn-X-¯n-te¡vssI]n-Sn- p-bÀ¯nb A[ym-]n-I-bm-Wv. A¡m-Z-anI ]cn-io-e-\-¯nÂ am{X-a-Ã, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn tIc-f-¯nÂ Fhn-sS-h¨pw kvt]mSvkv þ Iem-aÂk-c-§Ä \S-¶mepwHcp-Im-e- v, AXnsâ ap³\n-c-bnÂ FÃm D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-§fpw Ath-i-]qÀÆw Gsä-Sp¯v NSp-e-ambHcp km¶n-[y-ambn So¨-dp-m-bn-cp-¶p. A²ym-]n-I-sb¶ \ne-bnÂ, AhÀ hm§n¨ Gähpw DbÀ¶i¼fw Bbncw cq]-bnÂ Xmsg-bm-bn-cp-¶p. tPmen sN¿p-¶-Xn-\n-S-bnÂ Xs¶-bm-Wv, Ah-cpsSPohnXw XInSw adn- p-sIm-v, Xsâ FÃm tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡pw Xm§mbn XW-embn IqsS-\n-¶n-cp¶ `À¯m-hnsâ BI-kvanI A´yw. Pohn-X-¯nsâ \ncm-im-]qÀ®-amb \ngÂ, cmP½So¨dpsS apJ-t¯¡pw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ]SÀ¶p. tPmen-sN-¿p¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ, kvIqfnsâssZ\w-Zn\Bh-iy-§Ä \nÀÆ-ln-¡m³ Xs¶ s]Sm-¸mSv s]Sp¶ kml-N-cyw, klm-bn-¡m\m-cp-an-Ãm¯ Ah-Ø. kmlm-b- nsâ km´z-\-sam-¶p-an-Ãm-sX, \ncm-i-bmbn Ign-bp-¶-Xn-\n-sS-bm-Wv, cmP-½-So-¨À¡v]£m-LmXw kw -hn-¡p-¶-Xv. Dm-bn-cp¶ sIm¨p-h-cp-am-\w-t]mepw ]qÀ®-ambpw \ne-¨p. Zpc- -§Ä hopw t]am-cn-bmbn Pohn-X-¯nÂ XnanÀ¯p s]bvXp-sIm-n-cp-¶p. A¯m-Wn-bn-Ãm-sX,Bizmkw ]I-cm³ Bcp-an-Ãm-sX, cmP-½-So-¨À C¶pw \nkz-bmbn kz´w ho«nse CcpÄaq-Snb apdn-bnÂ, Hcp-]t£ kz -ambn H¶pw sN¿m-\m-hmsX Ign-ªn-cp¶ Ip«n-Isf Pohn-X-¯nsâ Ccp-«p-ap-dn-I-fnÂ\n¶v ]qap-J-t¯¡v ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯n-b-Xnsâ Bß-lÀj-¯nÂ, B HmÀ½-IÄ \ÂIp¶km´z-\-¯nÂ Hä-s¸«v Ign-bp-¶p.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]co-io-en- n¨ A[ym-]-Isc kw_-Ôn¨v, Ccp-]-¯n-b©pw ap¸Xpw hÀjw \op-\n-ev¡p¶ A[ym-]\ Pohn-X-¯nsâ _m¡n-]-{X-am-Wv C -c- n-semcp Pohn-Xw. kmaq-ly-ambn Hcp kpc-£n-X-Xzhpw CXp-h-sc-bmbn e`y-am-Im-¯, tIc-f- nseGI hn`m-K-amImw Cu A[ym-]n-I-amÀ. s]³j-\n-Ã, s{]mhn-Uâv ^nÃ, t£a-\n-[n-bn-Ã. kpZoÀL-amb tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Äs¡m-Sp-hnÂ, {]mb-¯sâ \nb-{ -W-§Ä tcmK-§-fmbn apt¶m-«pÅ{]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v XS-Ê-am-Ip-t¼mÄ, H¶pw I¿n-en-Ãm-sX, ssIho-in, Ghn-sS-sbm-¡tbm Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ Imcp-Wy-¯n-sâbpw kvt\l-¯n-sâbpw \o¡n-bn-cp¸v am{Xw ssIap-X-embn A\n-Ýn-X-Xz-§-fpsS \nÊm-lm-b-X-I-fn-te¡v Cd-§n-s¨-Ãp-¶, Cu A[ym-]n-I-am-sc, þ AÀ°-]qÀ®hpwXymK-]qÀ®hp-amb Pohn-Xs¯ þ kaq-l-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ \mw Ipsd-¡qSn Kuc-h-]qÀÆw, BZ-c-]qÀÆw ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--XtÃ?

A²ym-bw-þ5

87

am\h -hn- -h-tijn hnI-k\w(Human Resource Dvelopment)

_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS taJ-e-bnse hnZ-Kv²-cpsS

A`mhw ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ hen-sbmcp hne-§p-X-Sn-bm-

Wv. dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬knÂ Hm^v Cý (BÀ. kn.-sF) -bpsS cq]o-I-c-W-t¯m-

sS-bmWv, Cý-bnÂ Cu cwK-¯v, {]Xo-£m-\nÀ -c-amb Hcp hfÀ -bp-m-b-Xv. ]p\-c-[n-

hmk hnZym-`ym-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkp-IÄ apXÂ tUmIvS-dÂ

Un{Kn-h-tc-bpÅ tImgvkp-I-fpsS kne-_kv {Iao-I-cn-¡Â, tImgvknsâ \S-¯n-¸n\v

taÂt\m«w hln-¡Â, ]co-£ -\-S-¯Â, kÀ«n-^n-¡äv hnX-c-Ww, dolm-_n-en-tä-j³

Iu¬knÂ Hm^v Cý-bnÂ s{]m^-j-W-embn cPn-ÌÀ sN¿p-I-sb¶ \nb-a-]-c-amb

D -c-hm-ZnXzw XpS-§n-bh \nÀÆ-ln-¡p-¶Xph-sc-bpÅ {]hÀ -\-§sf GtIm-]n-

¸n¡p¶ Hcp `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-am-Wv, BÀ.-kn.-sF.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-c-psS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-L«-§-fnÂ t\cs -

bpÅ CS-s]-SÂ (Early Intervention) XpS§n sXmgnÂ hsc-bpÅ {]hÀ -\-§sf

imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]p\:kwL-mS\w sN¿m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ, ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-

bsb klm-bn-¡p¶ am\h hn -h-tijn hÀ²-\-hn-\pÅ hnhn[ tImgvkp-I-fmWv BÀ.-

kn. sF. aptJ\ Cý-bnÂ C¶p \S-¡p-¶-Xv. Ah Xmsg-tNÀ¡p¶p:

I - _p²n-amµyw

1. Fw.-F-Uv. kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)

2. _n. Fkv.-kn. kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ Bâv dolm-hn-en-tä-j³

3. t]mÌv {KmPp-th-ddv s{]m^-j-WÂ Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³

(Fw.-BÀ)

4. _n.-FUv. C³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)

5. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ GÀfn CâÀsh³j³.

6. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)

7. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kv]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw. BÀ)

8. Unt¹ma C³ GÀfn ssNÂUvlpUv kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³.

88

10. Un]vtfmam C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)

II - Hm«nkw kvs]Iv{Sw UntkmÀUÀ

1. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j-j³ (F. Gkv. Un)

2. _n.-F-Uv. kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (F. Gkv. Un)

III - skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn

1. _n.-F-Uv. kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (temt¡m-tam-t«mÀ Bâv \yqtdm-f-Pn-¡Â

Untkm-tUÀkv)

2. _n.-F-Uv. kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (aÄ«n-¸nÄ Untk-_n-enän)

3. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (aÄ«n-¸nÄ

Untk-_n-enän ^nkn-¡Â Bâv \yqtdm)

4. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ sUh-e-¸vsaâÂ sXdm¸n (aÄ«n-¸nÄ

Untk-_n-enän ^nkn-¡Â Bâv \yqtdm)

5. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j-j³ (skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn

6. Un]vtfma C³ t_kn¡v Uh-e- vsaâÂ sXdm-¸n.

IV

1. _m¨n-eÀ C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ sXdm¸n

2. Un]vtfma C³ dotlm-_n-en-tä-j³ sXdm-¸n.

3. kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkv C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ sXdm-¸n.

V- shmt¡-j-WÂ Iu¬kn-enwKv Bâv dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ tkmjyÂ hÀ¡v AUvan-\n-

kvt{S-j³

1. amÌÀ C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ kb³kv.

2. amÌÀ Hm^v kb³kv (ssk-t¡m-þ-tkm-jyÂ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³)

3. amÌÀ C³ Untk-_n-enän dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ AUvan-\n-kvt{S-j³.

4. amÌÀ Hm^v BÀ«vkv tkmjyÂ hÀ¡v C³ Untk-_n-en-än- Ì-Uokv Bâv

B£³.

5. _m¨n-eÀ C³ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ kb³kv.

6. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ Untk-_n-enän dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ Bâv amt\-Pv-saâv.

89

VI- sIbÀ KnhnwKv

1. kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkv C³ sIbÀ Knhnw-Kv.

VII- ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw

1. Fw.-F-Uv. kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³.

2. _n. FUv. kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³.

3. Un]vtfma C³ Iayq-Wnän s_bvkvUv dolm-_n-en-tä-j³.

VIII- dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ sskt¡m-fPn

1. Gw. ^nÂ (do-lm-_n-en-tä-j³ sskt¡m-f-Pn)

2. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv Un]vtfma C³ do-lm-_n-en-tä-j³ sskt¡m-f-Pn.

]t¯mfw tImgvkp-IÄ dolm-_nentäj³ Iu¬knÂ Hm^v C´y (BÀ. kn.

sF) hnZqc hnZym-`ymk ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v.

_p²n-]-c-ambn thÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn tIc-f-¯nÂ \S-¯p¶

A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ Xmsg tNÀ¡p¶p:



3. Un]vtfma C³ FUyq-t¡-j³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (Fw.-BÀ)

4. Un]vtfma C³ shmt¡-j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv Bâv Fw]vtfm-bvsaâv (Fw.-BÀ).

5. Un]vtfma C³ FUyp-t¡-j³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (F.-F-kv. Un)

6. Un]vtfma C³ FUyp-t¡-j³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³ (skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn)

7. Un]vtfma C³ Iayq-Wn-än- s_bvkvUv dolm-_n-en-tä-j³.

8. t]mÌv {KmPp-thäv s{]m^-j-WÂ Un]vtfma C³ kvs]jyÂ FUyq-t¡-j³.

Cu tImgvkp-IÄ ]mÊmb Iptd-t¸sc-¦nepw aäv Ø-e-§-fnÂ tPmen tXSn

t]mIp-¶p-mhWw. C¯cw hnZKv²-cmb ]p\-c-[n-hmk s{]m^-j-W-ep-Isf IqSp-XÂ ]

pd-¯v hn-Sm-\pÅ kwhn-[m-\-§Ä tIc-f- n-en\nbpw Hcp-t¡--Xp-v.- Ir-Xy-amb IW-¡p-

IÄ H¶pwXs¶ e`y-a-sÃ-¦nepw, sNdn-sbmcp iX-am-\-¯n\v am{Xw tk-h\w e`y-am-Ip¶

hnZ-Kv²cpw kwhn-[m-\-§fpw am{Xta, Ct¸mÄ tIc-f-¯n-ep-Åp-sh-¶Xv kphn-Zn-X-amb

hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

90

tIc-f- nse kÀÆ-I-em-im-e-IÄ DÄ¸sS AwKo-Imcw \evIn {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-

cp¶ Un{Kn-þ-Un-]vtfma A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ§-fpsS F®w 16 BWv. GÃmw-

Xs¶ kzImcy taJ-e-bn-em-Wv. ASp- -hÀjw- ap-XÂ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`m-bk hIp-

¸nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯nÂ, cp-tIm-gvkp-IÄ IqSn Bcw-`n-¡m-\m-hp-sa-¶v{]-Xo-£n-¡p-I-bm-

Wv. _m¡n-sbÃm tImgvkp-Ifpw kÀ¡m-cn-Xc k¶-²-kw-L-S-\-IfpsS ap³ssI-bnÂ

{]hÀ¯n¨p hcp-¶-Xm-Wv. Cu Øm]-\-§-sfbpw \ne-\nÀ¯m³ kÀ¡mÀ klmb

lkvXw \ot«--Xp-v. hnZ-Kv²sc tIc-f- nÂ C\nbpw Bh-iy-ap-s-¦n-epw, C¯cw

A[ym-]I ]cnioe\ tI{µ-§Ä¡v {]hÀ¯n-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Ah-Ø-bp-ap-v. ]cn-io-e\

tI{µ-§-fnÂ hnZ-Kv²-cmb A[ym-]-Isc \nb-an-¡-W-sa-¦nÂ kmam\yw t`Z-s¸«

i¼fw \ÂI-Ww, i¼fw \evI-W-sa-¦nÂ kzm{ib coXn-bnÂ Ct¸mÄ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-

cp¶ Øm]-\-§-fnse A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-I-cnÂ \n¶pw òa-amb ^nkv hm§-Ww. ]

cnio-e\w In«n tPmen-bnÂ {]th-in-¡p-t¼mÄ e`n-¡p-¶Xv XpÑ-amb i¼-fambXp-sIm- -

v, ]Ww sNe-h-gn¨v C -c-samcp tImgvkv sN¿p-¶-Xv, H«pw BIÀj-I-a-Ã. kXy-¯nÂ

]c-kv]c _Ôn-X-amb Cu AhØ, A[ym-]-I-cpsS KpW-\n-e-hm-c-s -t¸mepw BXy-

ń-I-ambn _m[n-t¨¡pw. kaÀ°cpw DuÀÖ-kz-ecpw kaÀ¸W a\-kvI-cp-amb

hyàn-IÄ Cu taJe-bn-te¡v IS-¶p-h-¶m-se, Cu cwK¯v Ahiyw th Kth-j-W-]-²-

Xn-Ifpw KpW-\n--ehm-c-hp-sams¡ hnI-kn-¸n-¡m-\m-hq. km[m-c-W, kvIqfpI-fnse

A[ym-]-I-sc-¡mÄ, _p²nbpw Adn-hpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-Xp-

aqew A\p- -hn-¡p¶ k¦oÀ®-X-IÄ Xc-Ww-sNbvXv Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-s -Sp-¡m³

Bh-iy-am-Wv. A -c-¯nÂ Nn´m-ti-jnbpw [ojWm ssh -hhpap-Å-hÀ¡m-Wv, Cu

taJ-e-bnse hnhn[ {]iv\-§Ä Gähpw Ffp¸w \nÀ²m-cWw sNbvXv ]cn-l-cn-¡m-\m-

hp-I. AXp-sImpXs¶ KpW-]-chpw aqey-h¯pw ê-{]-Z-hp-amb hnZym-`mkw _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v e`y-am-hp-¶-Xn-\p-thn kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-

¡m-cpsS i¼fw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, \Ã tijn-bpÅ akvXn-jvI-§sf A[ym-]I

]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fn-te¡v BIÀjn-¡p-¶-Xn\v icn-bmb Zni-bn-epff Kth-j-W-]-²-Xn-

IÄ Bhn-jvI-cn-¡-¶-Xn-\pw, \ne-hn-epÅ A[ym-I-]-cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§sf klm-bn-

¡m\pw kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-h-Ww. ]pXnb Øe-§-fnÂ kÀ¡m-cnsâ \nb-{´-W-¯n-

91

epÅ Øm]-\-§Ä C\nbpw XpS-§p-¶-Xn-t\m-sSm-¸w, \ne-hn-epÅ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-

§sf FbvUUv ]Z-hn-bn-te¡v DbÀ¯m\pw kÀ¡mÀ apt¶m«v htc--Xp-v.

C¯cw A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fnÂ A[ym-]-I-cm-bn«v hÀj-§-fm-bn

{]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ _ncp-Zm\-´c _ncp-Zhpw Fw.-^nÃpw tUmIvS-td-äp-sam-s¡-bpÅ

A[ym-]-IÀ Ah-cpsS DÀÖ-kz-e-amb PohnX Ime-L-«-¯nÂ, Cu taJ-ebv¡v th ]

cnio-e-I-sc -hmÀs -Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\v {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-IbmWv. ]ecpw Gsd-¡m-

es¯ tkh-\-§Ä¡p-tijw asämcp tPmen-bnÂ {]th-in-¡m-\m-hm-sX, amt\-Pv-

saâv \ÂIp¶ sNdnb i¼-f-¯nÂ tPmen-sN-bvXp-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. Ch-cpsS

tkh-\s¯ am\n-¨v, tIc-f-¯nse aäv A[ym-]I ]co-in-e\ tI{µ-§fnÂ \evIn-h-cp¶

thX-\hpw tkh\ hyh-Ø-Ifpw Cu A[ym-]I ]cn-in-e\ tI{µ-§-fnse A[ym-]-

IÀ¡pw \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.

am\h hn`-h-tijnhnI-k\w -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hpsS taJ-e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-

hnZKv²À¡v BÀ.-kn.-sF. cPn-kvt{S-j³ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p¶ FÃm Øm]-\-§-fnepw

BÀ.-kn.-sF \njvIÀjn-¡p¶ ASnØm\ kuI-cy-§fpw ^m¡Âänbpw

Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-etI{µ§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v km[m-cW C¯cw

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v \ÂIp¶ i¼-fhpw

aäm-\p-Iq-ey-§fpw \ÂI-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]-I-cpsS ]cn-io-e\tImgvkp-IÄ kÀ¡m-À taJ-e-bnÂ IqS-XÂ

Bcw-`n-t¡--Xm- Wv.

92

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-

Xn-\mbn FÃm A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-sfbpw kwØm\ Xe

D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ IognÂ sImph-cWw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-in-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v {Sm³kvt]mÀ«v I¬kj³ A\p-h-

Zn-¡-Ww.

tIc-f-¯nse hnhn[ bqWn-th-gvkn-än-IÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn

_Ôs¸« tImgvkp-IÄ Bcw-`n-t¡-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS taJ-e-bnÂ taJ-e-

bp-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Øm]-\-§fp-ambn kPo-h-amb A¡m-Z-anI

_Ôw Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw tIc-f¯nÂ C¯cw hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«

A¡m-Z-anI A -co£w Dm-t¡--XpamWv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v Sn.-Sn.kn tImgvkp-IÄ¡p kam-\-

amb Item-Õ-h-§-fpw, kvt]mÀ«vkv aoäpw Kh¬saâv Xe-¯nÂ kwL-Sn-

¸n-¡-Ww.

hnZqc ]T-\-¯n-eqsS am{Xw tbmKyX t\Snb \ne-hnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sImncn-

¡p¶ A²ym-]-IÀ kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw \S-¯p¶ 6 amks¯

{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-ioe\ tImgvknÂ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw ]s¦-Sp¯v kÀ«n-^n-

¡äv t\Sn-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

Bdp-am-ks¯ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ tImgvknsâ ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw kne-

_Êpw kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw X¿m-dm¡n ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.

A²ym-]-tI-Xc Poh-\-¡mÀ Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Cu taJ-e-sb-¡p-dn¨pw

Ah-t_m[w Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bnepÅ Hcp lrkz-Ime tImgvkv ( 1

amks¯ ) ]qÀ¯n-bm-t¡-Xm-Wv.

FÃm bqWn-th-gvkn--än-I-fnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«

hnj-b-§-fnÂ tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p-Ibpw Kth-jW ]T-\-§Ä t{]mÕm-

ln-¸n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

tIc-f-¯nÂ dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn-ensâ AwKo-Im-c-apÅ ]p\-c-[n-

hmk tImgvkp-IÄ ({]tXy-In¨v Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,

93

_lp-ssh-Ieyw, ]T-\- ssh-Ieyw F¶o hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-

s¸«) kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯nÂ Bcw-`n-bv¡-

Ww.

tIc-f-¯nse saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-I-fnÂ H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, kv]o v

sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bpsS Un{Kn, ]nPn, tImgvkp-IÄ DS³ XpS-§-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p¶ A²ym-]-

IÀ¡v \qX- \-amb Adnhv kzmwio-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn XpSÀ¨-

bmb ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ \nÀ_-Ôam-¡-Ww.

94

A²ym-bw-þ6

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\w(Vocational Training)

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sXmgnÂ F¶-hn-j-b-¯n\v khn-

ti-j-amb {]m[m-\y-ap-s-¦nepw AXn-ep-]cn CsXmcp hnhmZ {]iv\-am-Wv. C¶v {][m-\-

ambpw kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ tI{µo-I-cn-¨m-Wv, sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-§Ä \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-

Xv. A©v apXÂ ]Xn-\©p hb-Êp-h-sc-bpff L«w {][m-\-ambpw Du¶p-¶-Xv,

{]tbmK-]-c-amb (Functional) hnZym-`ym-k- n-\m-Wv. ]Xn-\-©p-ap-XÂ ]Xn-s\«p hb-Êp-

h-sc-bpÅ L«w, sXmgnÂ]-c-amb ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\mWv IqSp-XÂ Du¶Â sImSp-t¡- -Xv.

Nne A]-hm-Z-§Ä Hgn-¨mÂ, s]mXp-sh-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-

hÀ¡v, IqSp-XÂ DbÀ¶ A¡m-Z-anI Xe-¯n-te¡v _p²n-]-c-ambn Db-cm³ Ign-bnÃ

F¶Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. A]qÀÆw NneÀ¡v ]T-\-hp-ambn apt¶m«v t]mhm³ Ign-

bpw. A¯cw Ip«n-IÄ¡v F{X-am{Xw A¡m-I-Z-an-I-ambn DbÀ¶ IvfmÊp-I-fn-te¡v

t]mIm-\m-Iptam A{Xbpw apt¶m«v sImp-t]m-Ip-I-bmWv A`n-Im-ayw. ]t£ s]mXp-

sh, 5 apXÂ 15 hsc-bpÅ L«-¯nse khn-ti-j-amb {]tbmK-]camb hnZym-`ym-k-

¯n-\p-ti-jw, sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w Xnc-sª-Sp-¡p-I-bmWv imkv{Xob ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]

{Inb Bh-iy-s -Sp¶ ZuXyw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ \ne-hnÂ 80 iX-am-\hpw arZp-þ-anX

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. 20 iX-am\w am{X-ta, ssZ\w-Zn\ Imcy-§Ä¡v ]c-k-

lmbw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶-h-cm-bp-Åq. Cu 20 iX-am\w hcp-¶-XnÂ -s¶, imkv{Xo-

b-amb hyh-Øm-]nX amÀ¤-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¨v, kmt¦XnI D]-I-c-W-§-fpsS klm-b-

¯mÂ, GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯nÂ {]hÀ -t\m-·p-J-cm-Im³ Ign-bp-¶-h-cp- v. ]t£ 80

iX-am\w hcp¶ hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-Ks¯ kw_-Ôn-¨v, \ne-hnÂ Ch-cpsS hn -h-

tijn ]qÀ®-ambpw \jvS-s -Sp-¶p-sh¶v am{X-a-Ã, \njv^-e-am-hp¶ Ah-cpsS IÀ½-ti-

jn-sIm-v, Akz-Ø-P-\-I-amb am\-kn-Im-hØ hyàn-I-fnÂ krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-an-S-bm-¡p-

¶p. _p²n-]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-hcpw Bßm-`n-am-\-t¯msS Pohn-¡m³ B{K-

ln-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv. ]e-t¸mgpw icn-bmb amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§fpw ]cn-io-e\ {Ia-§fpw Bhn-

95

jvI-cn¨p \S-¸m-¡m³ Ign-bm- -Xp-sIm-p-am-{Xw, am\-knI Akzm-Øy-¯n-te¡v hgp-Xn-

ho-gp¶hcpsS F®w hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. tlmÀtam¬ amä-¯nsâ buÆ\ Ime-

L-«w, kaÀ°-ambn AXnPohn¡m³ Ign-bm¯, _p²n-]-c-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p¶ ]

e-cpw, hnhn[ am\-knI {]iv\-§ÄIqSn {]I-Sn-¸n-¡m-dpapv. tIc-f-¯nse \ne-hn-epÅ

kvs]jvÂ kvIqfp-I-fn-e-[n-Ihpw 15 hb-kn\v tij-apÅ B¬Ip-«n-Isf {]th-in-¸n-¡p-

¶-Xn\v hnap-JX ImWn-¡p-¶p. am\-kn-Im-kzm-Øy-§-fpw, ssewKnI s]cp-am-ä-§-fp-

sams¡ ]e-t¸mgpw Ch-cnÂ {]I-S-am-hp-¶-Xp-sIm-v, ]e kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-Ifpw Cu

{]mb-¯n-epÅ Ip«n-Isf hopw c£n-Xm-¡sf Xncp-t¨Â¸n-¡p¶ {]h-WX Ip-h-cp-¶p-v.

hmÀ²-Iy-¯n-te¡v {]th-in-¡p¶ c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, aps¼-¶-t -¡m-tfsd

Ip«n-IÄaqe-apÅ {]bm-k-§Ä t\cn-tSn hcp-¶-Xv, Ah-cpsS shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶

hyàn buÆ\ {]mb-¯n-te¡v IS-¡p-t¼m-gm-Wv. At¸mgm-Wv, ]cn-N-c-W-¯nse {]bm-

k-§Ä ]d-ªv, kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ A[n-Ir-Xcpw Ahsc ssIt¿m-gn-bp-¶-Xv.

Cusbm-c-h-Ø-bpsS s\cn-t¸m-Sn-em-Wv, ]e c£n-Xm-¡fpw kz´w PohnXw XÅn \o¡n-

s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ tI{µo-I-cn¨v Ct¸mÄ \S-¡p¶ {]oshm-t¡-j-W³ s{Sbn-\n-

wKp-I-fpsS Icn-¡pew hyàn-bv¡v `mhn-bnÂ, tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-hp¶ Xc-

¯nÂ e£y-thy-[n-bm¡n amtä--Xp-v. Cu Icn-¡pew, sXmgnÂ_-²-k-¶-²Xm

(Employability) ss\]p-Wn-IÄ BÀÖn-¡p-¶-hn-[w sXmgn-en-S-§-fnÂ ]men-t¡ A -S-¡-

hpw IrXy-\n-jvT-bpw A¡m-Z-anI Adn-hp-Ifpw sXmgnÂ_Ô Adn-hp-I-fp-

sams¡ DÄs¸-Sp¯n X¿m-dm-t¡--Xp-v.

]Xn\©p- ap-XÂ ]Xn-s\«v hb-Êp-h-sc-bpÅ L«-am-Wv, “]mT-im-e-bnÂ\n¶pw

sXmgn-en-S-t -¡pÅ amäw” (Transition from School to Work) \S-¸n-em-t¡--Xv. Cu {]{In-

b¡v klm-b-I-c-amb Xc-¯n-epÅ ]cn-io-e\ {Ia-§Ä \mj-WÂ C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ

saâen lmâo-Im¸vUv (NIMH) sk¡- -cm-_mZv Bkq-{X-Ww-sN-bvX-Xv, tIc-f-¯nse

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ \nÀº-Ô-ambpw \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv. Cu {]b-Im-e-b-f-

hnÂXs¶bmWv shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-bpsS kmaqly IpSpw_ ]Ým- -e-§Ä ]

cn-K-Wn¨v Ah-cnÂ Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ khn-tij Ign-hp-IÄ¡v {]mapJyw \evIn,

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ ]²Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-t¡--Xv.

96

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v hn]p-e-amb ]Ým-¯e

kuI-cy-§-fpsS kwhn-[m-\-sam-cp-¡m³, FÃmw-sImpw AÀl-X-bpÅ Hcp kwØm-\-

amWv tIc-fw. hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgnepw sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\hpw am{Xw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p¶

Hcp tZiob C³Ìn-äyq«v tIc-f-¯nÂ Øm]n-t¡-p¶ Hc-Sn-b-´nc kml-Ncyw \½psS

ap¶n-ep-v. Cu tZiob C³Ìnäyq-«nsâ {]hÀ -\-§Ä _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v am{X-ambn ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-t - -Xn-Ã. {]XypX tIc-f-¯nse FÃm hn`mKw

hnI-emw-K-cp-sSbpw sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgnepw ]cn-K-Wn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ hn]p-

e-amb AÀ°-¯n-epÅXmbmÂ, Gähpw DNnXw. ka-{K-amb Hcp ka\zb km[y-Xbpw

]mc-kv]-cyhpw hnhn[ hnI-emwK ]T-\-hn-j-b-§-fp-ambn sXmgnÂ taJ-e-bn-ep-m-bmÂ,

Gsd ^e-{]-Z-amb kwhn-[m-\-am¡n CXns\ amäm-\m-hpw.

icn-bmb Bkq-{X-Whpw imkv{Xob kao-]-\hpw kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ 80 iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw t]scbpw

sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¨v, Ah-scbpw IpSpw-_-s¯bpw kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-

[m-c-bn-se-¯n-¡m-\m-hpw. kmt¦-XnI hnIm-k- nsâ kuI-cy-§Ä IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-

t¼mÄ, Cu taJ-e-bnÂ AÛp-X-I-c-amb hfÀ¨ Dm-¡m\pw Ign-bpw. Ct¸mÄ Nne Hä-

s¸« {ia-§-fpsS `mK-ambn Ipd-¨p-t]À¡v tPmen-sN-¿m-\p-ff Ah-kcw Ds-¦nepw

tPmen e`y-X-bnÂ Ch-cpsS iX-am-\-¡-W¡v ]qPy-am-sW-¶p-Xs¶ ]d-tb-n-h-cpw. AXn-

ep-]-cn, t\cs¯ kqNn-¸n¨t]mse, ]pXnb hnI-emwK \nb-a-¯nsâ {Um^väv ]mÀe-

saâv ]mÊm-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, GXmv cv iX-am-\- n-e-[nIw sXmgnÂ kwh-cW km[yX

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn Dm-Ipw. ]s£, \ne-hnÂ A -c-

samcp Ah-kcw {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp-¯m-hp¶ sXmgnÂ {]m]vXn (Employability) _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v CsÃ-¶-XmWv bmYmÀ°yw. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ hcm-\n-

cn-¡p¶ henb Ah-k-c-s¯, ]c-am-h[n D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp- -W-sa¶ e£y-t¯msS hn]p-

e-amb tXmXn-epÅ X¿m-sd-Sp-¸p-IÄ \S-t - -Xp-v. c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw s]mXp-k-aq-l-

¯n\pw sXmgnÂ kwc- -IÀ¡p-saÃmw \Ã-\n-e-bn-epÅ t_m[-hÂ¡-cWw Bh-iy-ap- v.

hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\w, sXmgnÂ F¶o hnj-b-§-fn-eq-¶n-\n-¶p-sIm- -

pÅ Hcp tZiob Kth-jW Øm]\w Bcw-`n-¡p-t¼mÄ, hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgnÂ,

kmaqly IpSpw_ PohnXw F¶o saJ-e-I-fnÂ \Ã-\n-e-bn-epÅ Hcp kpØn-cX

97

BÀÖn-¡m-\m-hpw. kmt¦-XnI km[y-X-IÄ Ch-cpsS sXmgnÂ k¼m-Z-\-¯n\v

F§s\ D]-bp-à-am-¡m-sa-¶pw, GXv coXn-bn-epÅ ]cn-io-e\ {Ia-§-fm-Wv, ChÀ¡v

IqSp-XÂ ^e-{]-Z-am-Ip-I-sb-¶pw, Fs´m-s¡, sXmgn-ep-IÄ C -c-¯n-epÅ hnti-j-hy-

àn-IÄ¡mbn Is¯m-sa-¶pw, em -I-c-amb (Cost Effective) amÀ¤-§Ä GsXm-s¡bmWv

F¶pw kzImcy taJ-e-bnepw t]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw hnI-emw-KÀ¡mbn IqSp-XÂ sXmgn-e-h-

k-c-§Ä F§s\ krjvSn¡mw XpS§n henb ]T-\-§Ä AÀln-¡p¶ taJ-e-bm-Wn-Xv.

Cu hnj-b-¯nsâ Kuchw ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, kwØm\ sXmgnÂh-Ip-¸nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ

hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\w, sXmgnÂ F¶o hnj-b-§-fnÂ Du¶n-\n¶v

{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Hcp tZiob Kth-jW Øm]\w tIc-f-¯nÂ Øm]n-¡-W-sa¶v I½o-

j³ ip]mÀi-sN-¿p-I-bm-Wv.

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXm-gnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-

amb kvssä]âv Xt±i kzbw-`-c-W-Øm-]-\-§Ä \ÂI-Ww.

{]tXyI hnZym-e-b-§-fnse shmt¡j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv skâ-dnsâ

{]hÀ¯\w \nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw

kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ¯nsâ shmt¡j-WÂ {Sbn-\nwKv hn`m-K-hp-

ambn _Ô-s -Sp¯n-bpÅ \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v BhÀ-¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpw

A]-I-Sc-ln-X-hp-amb tPmen-I-fnembn-cn-¡Ww ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm-hp¶ sXmgnep-

IÄ

tIcf-¯nÂ kÀtÆ \S¯n Is- Ww..

kÀtÆ \S¯n Is-¯nb sXm-gn-ep-IfpsS Hcp ‘tPm_v tUäm’ Dm-¡p-Ibpw

Ah efn-X-ambpw Imcy-£-a-ambpw \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Kth-j-W-§Ä

t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

98

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb sXm-gnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\pw

Ah efn-Xhpw Imcy-£-ahpambn \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\papÅ Kth-j-W-

§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn\pw F{Xbpw s]s«¶v “\mjWÂ C³Ìn-äyq«v

t^mÀ shmt¡j-WÂ {Sbn-\nwKv Bâv Fwt¹mbnâvsaâv” tIc-f-¯nÂ

Øm]n-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \nb-a\w e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn

kzImcy hyhkmb DS-a-IÄ, s]mXptaJem Øm]\ A[n-Im-cn-IÄ F¶n-

h-cpsS kwbpà klI-c-W-t¯msS “kvs]jyÂ Fwt¹mbnâvsaâv

FIvkvtNbv©v” kwhn-[m\w Bcw`n¡p¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ t{]mÕm-

l\w \evI-Ww.

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-¯nÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Ah-cpsS

tbmKy-Xbp-sSbpw ]cn-N-b- n-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ tkh\ thX\

hyh-Ø-IÄ ]cn-jv¡-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fnse {]hÀ -\-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb Akw-

kvIrX hkvXp¡Ä kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn-[m\w Dm-¡-

Ww.

18 hb-kn-\p-tijw sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v Du¶Â sImSp-¯p-sImv ASn-

b-´n-c-ambn sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. kuI-cy-apÅ

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-

Ww. \ne-hnÂ Hgn-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ s]mXp hnZym-eb sI«n-S-§Ä Cu Bh-

iy-¯n-te¡v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

A²ym-bw-þ7

sXmgnÂ

99

(Employment)

ASp-¯p-Xs¶ ]mÀe-saâv ]cn-K-Wn-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-¶, hnI-em-wK-cpsS Ah-Im-i-\n-

b-a-¯nsâ {Um^väv \evIp¶ kqN\ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS

sXmgnÂ hnj-bw, s]mXp-k-aqlw BZy-ambn Kuc-h-¯n-se-Sp-¡p-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv. CXp-h-

sc-bp-m-bn-cp¶ kml-Ncyw H«pw Bim-h-l-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. 1995 se hnI-em-K-\n-b-a-¯nÂ

sXmgnÂ]-c-amb kwh-c-Ww, aq¶v iX-am\w A\p-h-Zn-¨n-cp-¶Xv ]qÀ®-ambpw AÔÀ,

_[n-cÀ, Ne\ sshI-ey-apÅhÀ F¶n-hÀ¡v am{X-ambn ]cnan-X-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p.

GXm-bmepw ]pXnb \nb-a-¯nsâ {Um^vänÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-

h-cpsS sXmgnÂ kwh-c-Ws¯ kw_-Ôn¨v Gsd Bizm-k-I-c-amb ]cm-aÀi-am-Wp-Å-

Xv.

hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgn-ep-ambn _Ô-s¸«v s]mXp-hnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn

t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v {]tXy-In¨pw at\m-`mh XS-Ê-§Ä (Attitudinal Barriers) AsÃ-

¦nÂ am\-knI XS-Ê-§Ä (Psychological Barriers) BWv {][m-\-ambpw s]mXp-k-aq-l-

¯nÂ {]I-S-am-bn-¡m-Wp-¶-Xv. Cu at\m-`m-h-þ-am-\-knI XSÊ§Ä, AY-hm, Ch-cpsS

sXmgnÂ tijn-sb (Employability) -¡p-dn-¨pÅ ap³hn-[n-IÄ G{X-am{Xw Ccp-fn-te-¡mWv

Cu kaq-ls¯ ]n³XÅn amäp-¶-sX¶v Bcpw Nn´n-¡p-¶n-Ã.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ 80 iX-am\hpw arZp-þ-anX (Mild-

Moderate) hn`m-K-¯n-ep-Å-h-cm-Wv. AY-hm, arZp-þ-anX hn`m-K-¯n-epÅhÀ¡v, imco-cn-

Im-h-Ø-bnÂ henb ]cn-an-XnIÄ Dm-Im-\n-S-bn-Ã. _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ Ds-

¦nepw imco-cnI tijn `qcn-]£w t]À¡p-ap-v. imco-cn-I-ti-jn-tbbpw _p²n-\n-e-hm-c-

s¯bpw ]cn-K-Wn-¨pÅ sXmgn-ep-I-fm-Wv, C -c-¯n-ep-Å-h-À¡mbn amän-sh-t¡--Xv.

s]mXpth _p²n-]-cn-an-X-cmb hyàn-Isf kw_Ôn-¨v, henb kmt¦-XnI

k¦oÀ®-X-bpÅ tPmen-IÄ sN¿m³ {]bm-k-a-\p- -h-s -Spw. kmt¦-XnI {]iv\-§-fnÂ

khn-ti-j-amb _p²n D]-tbm-Kn-¨v, Xocp-am-\-§Ä FSp-¡m-\n-Ãm¯ Ht«sd tPmen-IÄ

s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw kzImcy taJ-e-bnepw C¶v e`y-am-Wv. BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-apff

FÃm tPmen-Ifpw anX-þ-arZp shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ¡v sN¿m-\m-hpw. A{]-

Xo-£n-X-amb A]-IS km[y-X-IÄ tPmen-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v Dm-hIcp-sX¶v am{Xw.

100

sk¡-´-cm-_m-Znse \mj-WÂ C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen lmân-Im¸vUv

(NIMH) F¶ Øm]\w \S-¯nb ]T-\-¯nÂ, s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-§-fmb C´y³

sdbnÂth-bnepw , _n. Fkv. F³.-FÂ. enepw , _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-

¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Hcp kÀsÆ-bnÂ\n¶pw t_m[y-am-b-

Xv, dbnÂth-bnÂ am{Xw C¯cw hyàn-Isf ]qÀ®-ambn D -c-hm-ZnXzw GÂ¸n¨v

sN¿n-¡m-hp¶ tPmen-I--fpsS F®w 240 F¶m-Wv. _n. Fkv. F³.-FÂ enÂ A¯cw

tPmen-I-fpsS F®w 80 BWv. C, D Imä-K-dn-bnÂs¸« tPmen-I-fnÂ ]e-Xnepw hnP-b-

{]-Z-amb coXn-bnÂ C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v tim`n-¡m³ Ign-bpw.

tIc-f- nÂ Ct¸mÄXs¶, Ht«sd _p²n-]-cn-an-X-cmb hyàn-Isf kzImcy

kwcw- -§-fnepw aäpw tPmen¡v \ndp¯n hnP-b-I-c-ambn PohnXw \bn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xnsâ

kvXpXyÀl-amb A\p- -h-§-fp-v. kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-

äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUnÂ (SIMC) \n¶pw khn-tij hnZym-`ymkw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡n-

b 10 t]À Xnc-h-\- -]p-cs¯ kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯nÂ hÀj-§-

fmbn tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p. Ah-cpsS tPmen-bnse {]mKÂ`ys¯ kw_-Ôn-¨pw,

IrXy-\n-jvT-X, BßmÀ°-X, F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-sams¡ hfsc BßkwXr-]vXn-tbm-sS-

bm-Wv, kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqknbw Ub-d-IvSÀ tUm.- AcpÄ sPdmÄUv

sI. {]Imiv km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. Xncp-h-\-´-]p-cs¯ asämcp kvs]jyÂ

kvIqfnÂ\n¶pw {Snhm¬{Uw Ivfºv, {ioaqew Ivfºv, sSdptam s]³t]mÄ, \njv,

hnPbv s]t{SmÄ ]¼v, \nwkv tlmkv]n-äÂ XpS-§nb Øm]-\-§-fn-seÃmw _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgnÂ ]c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¨n-«p- v. Ch-sc-Ãmw-

Xs¶ Ch-cpsS IpSpw-_-§-fpsS hcp-am\ t{kmX-Êm-Wv. C -c-¯n-epÅ Ht«sd

A\p- -h-§Ä tIc-f-¯nse kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ A[n-Ir-XÀ¡v ]d-bm-\p-m-hpw. CXv

kqNn-¸n-¡p¶Xv kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn-tebpw s]mXp-ta-J-bn-te-bp-sam-s¡-bpÅ tPmen-I-

fnÂ Ht«sd Ah-k-c-§Ä, sNdn-sbmcp Bkq-{X-Whpw k·-\-k-kp-ap-s-¦nÂ, _p²n-]-

c-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \evIm³ kaq-l-sa-¶-\n-e-bnÂ Ign-bpw F¶mWv.

C¶v tPmen-I-fn-sem¶pw GÀs¸-Sm³ Ah-k-c-an-Ãm-sX, hen-sbmcp hn`mKw bphm-¡-

fmb _p²n-]-cn-an-XÀ Ah-cpsS IÀ½-tijn \njv^-e-am-¡p-¶p. cmjv{S \nÀ½mW

{]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ henb kw`m-h\ sN¿m-\m-hp¶ C¯cw hyàn-I-fpsS {]iv\-§Ä

101

Gsä-Sp-¡m-hp¶ hn[-¯nÂ, \½psS kmaq-ly-þ-cm-jv{So-b-þ-kmw-kvIm-cnI t\Xr-Xz-§-

fpsS Ah-t_m[w hnI-kn-¨n-«n-Ã.

bph-Xz-¯n-te¡v {]th-in-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc icn-

bmb Znim-t_m-[-t¯m-sS, ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xv, Gsd {]bmk-I-chpw

{]m[-\yaÀln¡p¶-Xp-amWv. Ct¸mÄ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ 18 hb-Ên\v tijw

kmt¦-Xn-I-amb hnhn[ Imc-W-§-fmÂ Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m-\m-hm¯ kml-N-cy-ap- v.

c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨m-sW-¦nÂ, Btcm-Ky-]-chpw km¼- n-I-hp-amb {]bm-k-§Ä

A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-¡p¶ {]mb-¯n-em-Wv Xsâ Ip«nsb F´v sN¿-W-sa-¶-dn-bm-sX, \nÝe-

cmbn \nÂt¡-nh-cp-¶-Xv. buÆ\ Ime-L-«-¯nÂ _p²n-]-cn-an-Xsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, ico-c-

¯nse tlmÀtam¬ amä-¯mepw aäpw sshIm-cn-I-amb Nne {]iv\-§Ä cq]-s -

Sm-\pÅ km[yX IqSp-X-em-Wv. am\-kn-I-tcm-Km-h-Ø-bpsS e£-W-§Ä buÆ\ Ime-

L-«-¯nÂ, {][m-\-ambpw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v A\p- -hn-t¡- -

nh-cp-¶-Xn-s\mcp {][m\ ImcWw kmaqly sshIm-cnI kml-N-cy-t¯mSv {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-

¶-Xn-\pÅ {]m]vXn-¡p-dhpaqew Dm-Ip¶ at\m-kw-LÀj-¯nsâ ]cn-Wn-X- -e-am-bm-Wv.

Cusbmcp kml-Ncyw c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn¨v Gähpw kwLÀj -cnX L«w IqSn-bm-

Wv. an¡t¸m-gpw, ssewKo-I-amb Akzm-`m-hnI {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp-¶-h-

cnÂ\n¶v D-mIp-¶-Xv, buÆ-\-¯nsâ XpSÀ -bnÂ kw -hn-¡p¶ imco-cn-I-þ-ssh-Im-cnI

kwLÀj-§-fpsS ^e-am-bm-Wv. Cu ka-b¯v {Inbm-ß-I-ambn C¯cw hyàn-I-fpsS

imco-cn-I-þ-am-\-knI DuÀÖs¯ hgn-Xn-cn-¨p-hn-Sp-¶-Xn-\v, Gähpw klm-b-I-c-amb

amÀ¤w IqSn-bm-Wv, sXmgn-en-te¡v icn-bmb coXn-bnÂ ]dn-¨p-\-Sp-¶-Xv. tIc-fob

kml-N-cy-¯nepw Ht«sd sXmgn-ep-I-fn-te¡v C¯cw hyàn-Isf \ntbm-Kn-¡m-\m-hpw.

icn-bmb ]cn-io-e\-¯n-eq-sSbpw IpSp-_-¯n\pw sXmgnÂ ZmXm-hn\pw kl-{]-hÀ -

IÀ¡p-sams¡ \ÂIp¶ amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§-fn-eq-sSbpw D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-[-apÅ Hcp

tPmen-¡m-c-\mbn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ 80 iX-am\w t]scbpw amän¯oÀ¡m³

Ign-bp-sa¶Xv, C¶v Ch-cpsS IpSpw-_-§Ä kln-¡p¶ kwLÀj-¯nsâ Ccp-«nÂ

sXfn-bp¶ cP-X-tc-J-bm-Wv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ¡v, tIc-f-s -t¸m-epÅ Hcp

{]tZ-i-¯v, Gähpw Ffp-¸-¯nÂ sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen IqSp-X-em-bp-w tk-h\ taJ-e-bn-

102

em-Wv. kzImcy kwcw- -I-cpsS hnhn[ ^mIvS-dn-I-fnepw sXmgn-en-S-§-fn-ep-

sams¡ C¯cw km[y-X-IÄ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p. kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ

tÌäv C³kn-än-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne©vUv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-

hsc sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v, Xnc-h-\- -]pcw In³{^-bnse Nne

hyhkmb Øm]-\-§sf kao-]n-¨n-cp-¶p. 20 At -hm-kn-I-sf-bm-Wv, sXmgn-ep-

IÄ¡mbn kÖam-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. ]co-£-WmÀ°w \S-¯nb Cu {ia-¯nÂ\n¶pw

t_m[y-am-b-Xv, hyh-kmb kwcw- -I-cnÂ, ]eÀ¡pw C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v tPmen \evIp-

¶-Xn\v Hcp hnap-J-X-bp-an-sÃ-¶m-Wv. am{X-a-Ã, shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ tPmen-¡msc

kw_-Ôn¨v kwXr-]vX-cp-amWv, Cu kwc- -IÀ.

C§-s\-bpÅ Ah-k-c-§Ä tIc-f- nÂ At§m-f-an-t§m-f-apÅ sXmgn-en-S-§-fn-

ep-v. sXmgn-en\v kÖ-am-¡p¶ khn-tij ]cn-io-e-\hpw, aäv amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§fp-sam-

s¡, _Ô-s -«-hÀs¡Ãmw \evIn, hen-sbmcp hn`mKw hcp-¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgnÂ]c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp-sa¶v A\p- -h-§Ä

sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXmgnÂ \ÂIm³

k¶²amhp¶ sXmgn-ep-S-a-I-sfbpw hyh-kmb kwcw- -I-sc-bp-sam-s¡, t{]mÂkm-ln-

¸n-¡p¶ hn[-¯n-epÅ {]tXyI B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä {]Jym-]n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, tIc-f-¯nÂ

\sÃmcp amä¯nsâ XpS-¡-am-bn AXv ]cn-W-an-¡pw. henb _nÊn-\Êv I¼-\n-I-sfm-

s¡, "tImÀ¸-tdäv tkmjyÂ sdkvt]m¬kn-_n-enän' bpsS `mK-ambn henb XpI-IÄ

t£a {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡mbn sNe-h-gn-¡p-t¼mÄ, hntZi cmPy-§-fn-sem-s¡, C¯cw

I¼-\n-IÄ¡v Ht«sd B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw ap³K-W-\bp-sams¡, AXXp

kÀ¡mcpIÄ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶p-v. B amXrI ]n´p-SÀ¶v, Ai-c-W-cm-b, C -c-¯n-ep-

Å, imco-cn-Ihpw kmaq-lyhpw km¼- n-I-hp-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ t\cn-Sp-¶,

_p²n]c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶À¡v tPmen ]cn-K-W\ \ÂIp¶ I¼-\n-IÄ¡v,

hyh-km-b-h-Ip-¸n\v B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ÂIm-\m-Ipw.

]mÀe-saânsâ ]mÊm-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ hnI-emwK \nb-aw 2012 sâ {Um^väv

\evIp¶ kqN\ Gsd {]Xo£ \evIp-¶-Xm-Wv. B \nb-a- nÂ, Ncn-{X-¯nÂ BZy-am-

bn, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃphnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÄ¸sS tPmen kwh-cWw Dd-

¸p-\ÂIp-¶p-v. s]mXp-ta-Jem kzImcy XkvXn-I-I-fnÂ 5 iX-am\w sXmgnÂ FÃm hnI-

103

emw-KÀ¡p-ambn kwh-cWw sN¿-W-sa¶v BIvSv \njvIÀjn-¡p-¶p. 5 iX-am-\-¯nÂ

Ipdhv tPmen-¡mÀ am{Xta sXmgnÂ tI{µ-§-fnÂ DÅqsh¦nÂ, 5 iX-am-\-

¯nÂ\n¶pw G{X-am{Xw hnI-emwK sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ Ipdhptm A{Xbpw iX-am\w

sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS hmÀjnI i¼-fw, kÀ¡m-cn\v ]ng-bmbn \evIm³ I¼-\n-IÄ _m[y-

Ø-cm-Wv. 5 iX-am-\-¯nÂ IqSp-XÂ G{X-i-X-am\w sXmgn-em-fn-Isf tPmen¡v

\nÀ¯p-¶pthm Ah-cp-sS-sbms¡ sam¯w hmÀjnIi¼-f-¯p-I, I¼-\n-IÄ AS-

bvt¡ \nIp-Xn-bnÂ\n¶pw I¼-\n-IÄ¡v kÀ¡mÀ Cfhp \ÂIpw. hnI-emwK \nb-a-

¯nse Cusbmcp hIp¸v XoÀ -bmbpw C´y-bnse hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgnÂ km[y-X-

Isf kw_-Ôn¨v ip -{]-Xn-£bv¡v hI \evIp-¶p-v.

A©p iX-am\w kwh-c-W-¯nÂþ

1. Hcp iX-am\w AÔ-X-þ-Im-gvN-¡p-dhv F¶n-hÀ¡bn Ac Ac iX-am\w hoXw hnXn¨p \ÂI-Ww.2. Hcp iX-am\w tIÄhn-þ-kw-kmc tijn-¡p-d-hp-Å-hÀ¡v.3. Hcp iX-am-\w, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn DÄ¸sS Ne-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-Å-hÀ¡v.4. _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, at\m-tcmKw F¶n-h-cpÄ -Sp-¶-hÀ¡v Hcp iX-am- \w.5. Hcp iX-am\w _lp-ssh-I-ey-ap-Å-hÀ¡v.

Cu iX-a\¡W¡v kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶, _p²n-

am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_³ ]mÄkn, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶n-h-

cpÄs¸-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v GXmv 2 iX-am-\-¯n-e-[nIw hnlnXw sXmgnÂ kwh-c-W-¯n-eqsS

e`y-am-Im-\pÅ km[y-X-bmWv sXfn-ªp-Im-Wp-¶-Xv. CXv XoÀ -bmbpw {]Xo-£-\-

evIp¶ kml-N-cy-am-sW-¦n-epw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgnÂ]-

c-ambn kpk-Ö-am-¡m-\pÅ khn-tij ]cn-ioe\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw ]²-Xn-Ifpw Bhn-jvI-

cn¨v \S-¸m-t¡ L«w-Iq-Sn-bm-sW-¶-Xv, _Ô-s -«-h-scÃmw Kuc-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS sXmgnÂcw-K¯v tkh\ taJ-e-

tbm-sSm-¸w-Xs¶ ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ asämcp kao-]-\-am-Wv, kwc-£nX sXmgnÂ tI{µw

(Sheltered Workshop). _p²n-]-c-ambn IqSp-XÂ ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-cpw, \nc- -c-amb

\nco-£Ww Bh-iy-ap-Å-h-cp-am-b-hÀ¡mWv Cu kwhn-[m\w IqSp-XÂ KpW-I-c-am-hpI.

Htc tI{µ-¯nÂ Xs¶, tPmen-sb-Sp-¡p¶ C¯cw ]²-Xn-IÄ C´y-bnÂ aäv ]e

104

kwØm-\-§-fnepw hnPbI-c-ambn \S-¸m-¡nh-cp-¶p. sk¡- -cm-_m-Znse 'BIm³j'

F¶ 'kwc-£nX sXmgnÂ tI{µw' CXn-s\mcp DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n-em-Wv, Cu tI{µw {]hÀ¯n-¨p-

h-cp-¶-Xv. 80 Hmfw tPmen-¡m-cmWv Chn-sS-bp-Å-Xv. Cu kwc-£nX tI{µ-¯nÂ

sh¨m-Wv. ku¯v sk³{SÂ sdbnÂth-bv¡m-h-iy-amb tÌj-\dn Dev]-¶-§-fmb IhÀ,

^bÂ, XpS-§n-b-h-sbms¡ Dm-¡p-¶-Xv. hnhn[ Dev]-¶-§Ä \nÀ½n-¡p¶ C¯cw

tI{µ-§Ä¡v hf-sc-tbsd km[yX \½psS kwØm-\¯v \ne-hn-epv. c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS

t\Xr-Xz-¯n-epÅ kl-I-cW kwL-§-fpsS B`n-ap-Jy-¯nÂ D]t`mK Dev¸-¶-§Ä Dm-

¡n, s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-§Ä¡pw kzImcy Øm]-\-§-Ä¡psaÃmw hnX-cWw sN¿m-

hp¶ A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-N-cy-sam-cp-¡m³, {]tXyI D -c-hp-Itfm \nÀt±-i-§tfm

kÀ¡m-cn\v Cd-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. c£n-Xm-¡fpw Ah-cpsS shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-

Ifpw kwbp-à-ambn kwcw- -§Ä \S¯p-¶-Xn-\v, klm-b-[\w A\p-h-Zn-¡m³ Ign-

ªmÂ hfsc hnP-b-{]-Z-ambn, {]iv\w A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Cu cp-hn-`m-K-§-sfbpw kmaq-

ly-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-N-cy-ap-m-Ipw. \mj-WÂ lmân-Im¸vUv

^n\m³jyÂ Uh-e- vsaâv tImÀ¸-td-j³ F¶ tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ Øm]-\-¯nsâ kz`m-h-

¯nÂ, tIc-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ DÄs -Sp¶

IpSp-_-§Ä¡m-bn, ]en-i-c-ln-X-amtbm Npcp-§nb \nc-¡n-epÅ ]en-i-bntem tem¬

A\p-h-Zn¨v hyh-km-b-þ-Ip-SnÂ hyh-km-b-þ-sN-dp-InS hym]mc kwc- -§Ä XpS-§m-\pÅ

Ah-k-c-§Ä Dm-t¡--Xp-v. \mj-WÂ lmân-Im¸vUv ^n\mÂjyÂ Uh-e-¸-saâv tImÀ]-

td-j-\v tI-{µ-kÀ¡mÀ 1000 tImSn cq] Ønc-\n-t£-]-ambn A\p-h-Zn- -XnÂ\n¶m-Wv, C

´y-bnse hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§Ä¡v sXmgnÂkm-[yX hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI F¶ Dt±-i-¯nÂ

tem¬ A\p-h-Zn¨p hcp-¶-Xv. hnI-emwKÀ¡v s]mXp-hm-bpÅ Hcp kwhn-[m-\-¯nÂ,

IqSp-XÂ ZuÀ_eyw A\p- -hn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v

kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ap³K-W\ e`n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. AXp-sImv _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-

Sp-¶-hsc {]tXy-I-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, AhÀ¡n-SbnÂ sXmgnÂ hÀ²n-¸n-¡pI F¶ e£y-

t¯m-sS, Hcp [\-k-lmb I¼\n cq]o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. tIc-f- nse

kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯nsâ B`n-ap-Jy-¯nÂ C -c-samcp [\-Imcy I¼-\n¡v cq]w

\evIn, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ bph-P-\-§-sf-bpw, Ch-cpsS km¶n[yw

105

sImv {]bmk-a-\p- -hn-¡p¶ IpSp-_-§-sfbpw \ne-hn-epÅ A\nÝn-X-Xz-]qÀ®-amb

Pohn-X-¯nÂ\n¶pw {]Xym-im-\nÀ`c-amb Pohn-X-¯n-te¡v ssI]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ¯m-\m-Ipw.

sXmgnÂ -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯nÂ

kwc-£nX sXmgnenS-§Ä (Sheltered Workshops) Bcw-`n-¡-Ww.

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v

A\p-tbm-Py-amb sXm-gnÂ kwcw- -§Ä kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bnÂ Bcw-`n-t¡--

Xm-Wv, kzIm-cy-ta-Je-bnÂ Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th {]tNm-Z\w

kÀ¡mÀ \ÂI-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ tPmen-I-fnÂ

kwhcWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.

kvs]jyÂ Fwt¹m-bn-kns\ \nb-an-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v \nIpXn B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä

A\p-h-Zn¨p\ÂI-Ww.

Kh-s×âv B^o-kp-I-fnÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ tÌj-\dn km[-\-§fnÂ

\nÝnX iXam\w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-

h-b¡v ap³K-W\ \ÂIp¶-Xn\v B^o-kpIÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶

D -c-hn-d-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v tPmen Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v

c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v DZmc \nc-¡nÂ kzbw sXmgnÂ hmbv]-IÄ A\p-h-Zn-bv¡-

Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ Dm-¡p¶ Dev]-¶-§Ä¡v hn]Wn

Is¯m³ k_vknUn kwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp- -Ww. Ch-cp-m-¡p¶ Dev]-¶-

§Ä hyh-kmb hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS hnev]\ \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

kwhn[m\w GÀs -Sp -Ww.

]T-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-ÅhÀ¡v A`n-cp-Nn-¡-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ sXmgnÂ kwhcWw Dd-

¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

106

tIkv ÌUn-_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS BXy-

´nI e£yw, sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn {]m]vX-cm¡n tPmen-\ÂIpI F¶-Xm-Wv. _p²n-]-c-ambnshÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXmgnÂ Dd¸p \ÂIp¶ Imcy-¯nÂ Ht«sd XS-Ê-§Ä\ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. Gähpw Kpcp-X-c-ambn A\p-`-h-s -Sp¶ XSÊw at\m-`m-h-]-c-am-Wv.sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn {]m]vXn-bp-Å-h-cmWv _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-À F¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡m³ s]mXp-k-aqlw C¶pw X¿m-dm-bn-«n-Ã. ]s£, at\m-`mh XS-Ê-§tfbpw s]mXp-k-aql k¦Â]-§tfbp-saÃmw AXn-Po-hn-¨p-sImv sXmgn-en-S-§-fnÂ Akm-am-\y-amb sshZKv[yw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p¶ Ht«sd shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ C¶p-v. Ah-cn-sem-cm-fmWv IS-bv¡m-hqÀkztZin Fkv. kPo-hv.

Cu hÀjs¯ Gähpw anSp-¡-\mb tPmen-¡m-c-\mbn tZio-b-ambn AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸«hyàn-bmWv kPo-hv. kPohv Ct¸mÄ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPnayqkn-b- nÂ tXm«-¡m-c-\m-bmWv tPmen-sN-¿p-¶-Xv. kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUnse (SIMC) ]co-io-e-\-¯n-\p-tijamWvkPo-hns\ kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqkn-b-¯nÂ KmÀU-\-dmbn \ntbm-Kn- -Xv._lp-am-\y-\mb cmjv{S-]Xn {io {]W_v apJÀPn-bnÂ\n¶pw 2013 s^{_p-hcn 6 \v, {iokPo-hv, _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡-S-bnse C´y-bnse Gähpw anSp-¡-\mbtPmen-¡m-c³ F¶ tZiob ]pc-kvImcw kzoI-cn-¨p.

kn. F¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©vUnÂ\n¶v 25 apXnÀ¶ am\-knI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-IÄ In³{^,kb³kv Bâv sSIvt\m-fPn ayqknbw F¶-h-bnÂ tPmen-sN-bvXp-h-cp-¶p- v. A¿m-bncwapXÂ 7500 cq]-h-sc-bm-Wv, ChÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ thX-\w. ]eÀ¡p-an-t¸mÄ Cu Ip«n-I-fpsSi¼-fw, IpSpw-_- nsâ {][m\ hcp-am\ t{kmX-Êm-Wv.

\½psS kaq-l-¯nÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-hp¶Gsd tPmen-IÄ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw kzImcy taJ-e-bn-ep-ambn C¶v e`y-am-Wv. s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-§-fmb dbnÂth-bnÂ 240 XkvXn-IIfpw _n. Fkv. F³. FÂ. enÂ 80tesd XkvXn-I-Ifpw _p²n-]-c-ambn arZp-þ-anX shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-hp-¶-Xmbn Ds¶v NIMH ap¼v \S-¯nb ]T\w sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p. BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpwk¦oÀ®-X-bn-Ãm- -Xp-amb GXp tPmen-Ifpw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂhen-sbmcp hn`m-K-¯n\v sN¿m³ Ign-bp-sa-¶Xv bmYmÀ°y-am-Wv.

A²ym-bw-þ8

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Ifpambn _Ô-s¸«kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI{µw

(State Level Apex Centre on Intellectual Challenge)

107

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fmb _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,

_lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ {]iv\-§Ä F¶n-h-sbÃmw akvXnjvI

tImi-§-fpsS {Ia-`w-Ktam (A-km-[m-c-W-Xz-tam) £Xtam aqew kw -hn-¡p¶ {]iv\-§-

fm-Wv. CXnÂ hnhn[ {]iv\-§-Ä¡pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk kao-]-\-§Ä hen-b-tXm-XnÂ

kam-\-X-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. hnhn[ hnZ-Kv²-cpsS CS-s]-SÂ A\n-hm-cy-am-¡p-¶, {]iv\-]-cn-

lm-c-amÀ¤-§Ä ]c-kv]-cm-{in-Xtam ]c-kv]c _Ôn-X-tam, hn\n-ab km[y-X-I-fn-

eqsS ]c-kv]cw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-tam B-Wv. Cu FÃm {]iv\-§-fp-tSbpw A¡m-Z-an-

IþKth-j-W-þ-hn-I-k\ {]{In-b-IÄ, Htc-Ip-S-¡o-gnÂ hfsc ^e-{]-Z-ambpw sNehv

Ipd¨pw \S-¯m-\pw, Cu hnj-b-§-sfms¡ Htc IpS-¡o-gnÂ hcp¶ hn[w Hcp

kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µw (Centre of Excellence) hnI-kn-¸n-s -Sp-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ,-

aäp]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-bvs¡Ãmw Cu tI{µ-w A¡m-Z-an-Ihpw `c-W-]-c-hp-amb

klmbw \ÂIp¶ kwhn-[m-\-ap-m-¡p-Ibpw, hn]p-e-am-b hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ

Un¸mÀ«psaâp-IÄ, tkh\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-sbms¡ Cu D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ `mK-

am-Ip-Ibpw kwØm-\s¯ FÃm P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä¡pw AXyp-¶X tkh\w hnXcWw

sN¿p¶ Hcp irwJem kwhn-[m\w Hcp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXmÂ akvXnjvI shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-

ambn _Ô-s¸« Ht«sd {]iv\-§Ä¡v ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-Ipw. I½o-j³ \nÀt±-in-

¡p¶ kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ LS\ Xmsg-sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶Xp {]Im-c-

amWv:

STATE LEVELCENTRE

Medical Department: Paediatrician Neurologist Psychiatrist Psychologist Physiatrist

108

tÌäv D¶X Xe tI{µw

Early Intervention: Speech Therapist Physio Therapist Occupational Therapist Behaviour Therapist

MentalChallenge

Autism CerebralPalsy

MultipleDisabilities

ChildhoodMental Illness

LearningDisorder

Vocational Department: Rehabilitation Village:

Employment:

109

4 ta-Jem tI{µ-§Ä

PnÃm-Xe {]hÀ¯\w(PnÃm Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ tI{µo-I-cn-¨v)

Xmeq¡v Xe {]hÀ¯\w(Xmeq¡v Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ tI{µo-I-cn-¨v)

]©m-b-¯v Xe {]hÀ¯\w{]mY-anI BtcmKy tI{µw

110

.

STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Apex Body)

Regional Centre(North)

Regional Centre(High Range)

Regional Centre(Central)

Regional Centre(South)

TVPMKLMPTAALPY

TSRPKDMLPMKKD

KTMIDKI EKM

WYNDKNRKSGD

Taluk Level Centre

Local Level Centre

District LevelDistrict LevelDistrict LevelDistrict Level

STATE LEVEL CENTRE(Proposed Facilities)

HumanResources

Development

HelpDesk Canteen Transportation

SpecialSchool

EmploymentExchange

Follow upServicesResearch

Respite Home

HostelLibrary Service Centre

VocationalCounselling EmploymentIntervention

StudentsParents

112

tÌäv e-hÂ skâ-dnÂ, \nÀt±-in-¡p¶ hnhn[ Un¸mÀ«p-saâp-IÄ Xmsg sImSp-

¯n-cn-¡p-¶-h-bm-Wvþ

1þ saUn-¡Â Un¸mÀ«vsaâv

þin-ip-tcmK hnZ-Kv²³

þ \yqtdm-f-PnÌv

þa-t\m-tcmK hnZ-Kv²³

þ^n-kn-bm-{SnÌv

þssk-t¡m-f-PnÌv

2þ sXdm-¸yq-«n-¡Â CâÀsh³j³ Un¸mÀ«vsaâv

þkv]o¨v sXdm-¸nÌv

þ^n-kntbm sXdm-¸nÌv

þH-Iyp-t¸-j-WÂ sXdm¸nÌv

þ_n-tl-hnbÀ sXdm-¸nÌv

3þ Un¸mÀ«vsaâv Hm^v saâÂ Ne©v

þ kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ

þUn-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a kÀ«n-^n-¡äv, ]n.-Pn., Fw.-^nÂ., ]n.-F-¨v.Un.

tImgvkp-IÄ

4þ-Un-¸mÀ«vsaâv Hm^v Hm«nkw

þkvs]-jyÂ kvIqÄ

þUn-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a kÀ«n-^n-¡äv tImgvkp-IÄ, Kth-jWw

5þ skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn Un¸mÀ«vsaâv

þkvs]-jyÂ kvIqÄ

þUn-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a tImgvkp-IÄ, Kth-jWw

6þ _lp-ssh-Iey Un¸mÀ«vsaâv

þkvs]-jyÂ kvIqÄ

þUn-]vtfma tImgvkv

7þ-ssi-ih at\m-tcmKw Un¸mÀ«vsaâv

þkÀÆokv skâÀ

þtIm-gvkp-IÄ ...�.(ssk¡m-{Sn-¡v, tkmjyÂ hÀ¡v XpS-§n-bh)

8þ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw

þkÀÆokv skâÀ

þtIm-gvkp-IÄ ...�.(Un-{Kn, Un]vtfm-a, Kth-j-Ww)

9þsXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ Un¸mÀ«vsaâv

þs{S-bn-\nwKv skâÀ

þtIm-gvkp-IÄ

10þ sse{_dn

kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nâ {]hÀ -\-§Ä

* kwØm-\s¯ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-

§Ä¡v (kvs]-jyÂ kvIqÄ, GÀfn CâÀsh³j³ skâÀ,- shm-t¡-j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv

skâÀ) Bh-iy-amb A¡m-Z-anI amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä.

* tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]-jyÂ kvIqÄ, GÀfn

CâÀsh³j³ skâÀ,- sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS taÂt\m-«w,

KpW-\n-e-hmc \nÀ®-bw.

* tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]-jyÂ kvIqÄ, GÀfn

CâÀsh³j³ skâÀ,- sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-h-bpsS cPn-kvt{S-j\pw

cPn-kvt{S-j³ ]pXp¡n \evI-epw.

* tIc-f-¯nse, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ tkh-\-

§Ä \evIn-h-cp¶ Un¸m-À«p-saâp-Isf GtIm-]n-¸n-¨v, tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v

taÂt\m«w hln-¡p-I. ]c-kv]c Bi-b-hn-\n-ab tI{µ-ambn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-I.

* ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw ]cn-tim-[n-¨v, Øm]-\-§Ä¡v Bh-iy-amb

NOC ¡v kÀ¡m-cn\v ip]mÀi \ÂIp-I.

114

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ hn`m-K-§-fpsS hnhn[ ]cn-io-e-\-§Ä¡pw sXdm-

¸n-IÄ¡pw Bh-iy-amb hnZ-Kv²sc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p¶ tImgvkp-IÄ Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw

Bcw-`n-¡p-I.

* kmaqly ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb A¡m-Z-anI amÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§fpw ]

cn-io-e-\-§fpw \ÂIp-I.

* t_m[-hÂ¡-c-W-¯n\v DX-Ip-¶, ]pkvX-I-§Ä, amkn-I-IÄ, tPW-ep-IÄ, tUmIyp-

saâ-dn-IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS Dev]m-Z-\hpw hnX-c-W-hpw.

* tIc-f-¯nse c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v Bh-iy-amb FÃm-hn[ klm-b-§fpw Adnhp-Ifpw ]

IÀ¶p \ÂIm-\m-hp¶ hn[w, sse{_-dn, tUmIyp-sa-tâ-j³, C³^Àta-j³ F¶o

kuI-cy-§Ä Hcp-¡p-I.

* Hm¬sse³ kwhn-[m-\- n-eq-sS -A-sÃ-¦nÂ aäv UnPn-äÂ amÀ¤-§-fn-eq-sS, km[m-

cW hyàn-IÄ¡v {]iv\-apÅ Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m³ klm-bn-¡p¶ kwhn-[m-\-

§Ä Dm-¡p-I.

* kwØm-\s¯ GXp c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw Ip«n-IÄ¡pw hnZKv² tkh\w In«p¶hn[-

¯nÂ sdkvss]äv tI{µ-§Ä XpS-§p-I.

* s]mXp-ta-J-e-bn-tebpw kzImcy taJ-e-bn-tebpw hyh-kmb Øm]-\-§-fp-ambn [mc-

W-bp-m-¡n, am\-knI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXmgnÂ t\Sp-¶-Xn-\m-bn,

kvs]jyÂ Gw]vtfm-bvsaâv FIvkvtN©v kwhn-[m\w XpS-§p-I.

* hnZ-Kv²-tcbpw s{]m^-j-W-ep-I-tfbpw hnÚm-\-]-c-ambn imào-I-cn-¡p-¶-X-n\m-bn,

inev]-im-e-IÄ, skan-\m-dp-IÄ, sNdnb Ime-b-f-hn-epÅ tImgvkp-IÄ F¶nh \S-¯p-

I.

* _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Iem, ImbnI tijn hnI-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-

Xn\pw Ah-cpsS Iem-]-c-amb anIhv {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ItemÂk-h-§Ä,

kvt]mSvkv taf-IÄ XpS-§n-bh PnÃm Xe-¯nepw kwØm\ Xe-¯nepw \S-¯p-I.

kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-s¯bpw taJem tI{µ-§-sfbpw UnP-äÂ/

CâÀs\äv _Ôw-hgn kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fp-ambn tbmPn-¸n¨v Hmtcm kvIqfp-I-fp-

tSbpw {]hÀ -\-§sf kq£va-ambn \nco-£n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. kvIqfp-I-fnÂ \S-¡p¶

115

A¡m-Z-anI {]hÀ -\-§fpw ]cn-tim-[\ {]{In-bbpw aäpw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw t]mXp-

P-\-§Ä¡p-sams¡ \nco-£Ww \S-¯m-hp¶ Xc-¯nÂ Cu taJ-e-bnÂ kpXm-cyX Dd-

¸p-h-cp-¯m³ A\p-tbm-Py-amb tk^väphb-dp-I-fpsS klm-b-¯mÂ C¶v km[y-am-Wv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§sf kmaqly

HmUn-än\v hnt[-b-am-¡m³ kwØm\-Xe D¶X tI{µhpw aäv kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-Ifpw

X½n-epÅ C¯c-samcp UnPn-äÂI-W-IvSn-hn-än-sImv km[y-am-Ipw. B[p-\nI Ime-¯v,

Gsd ]W-s -e-hn-Ãm-sX-X-s¶, kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ {]hÀ -\-§-fnse kpXm-cy-Xbpw

anIhpw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ C¯cw B[p-\n-I-hÂ¡-cW {]{In-b-bn-eqsS km[y-am-Ipw.

Cu kwhn-[m\w hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-¸m-¡m³ sF.-Sn. anj³, knUm-Iv, sF.-Sn. ]mÀ¡p-

IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS kmt¦-XnI klm-b-§Ä ^-e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-

Wv.

tIc-f- nsâ \mep-`m-K-§-fn-embn Øm]n-¡m³ ip]mÀi-sN-¿p¶ taJem tI{µ-

§-fnepw kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS XpSÀ¨ hntI-{µo-Ir-X-

ambn \S-¸m-¡pI F¶-XmWv Dt±-in-¡-¶-Xv. Cu tI{µ-§-fnse hnZ-Kv²-tk-h-\w, taJ-

em-tI-{µ-¯nsâ ]cn-[n-bnÂhcp¶ PnÃ-I-fnÂ am{Xw ]cnan-X-s¸-Sp-¯pw. \b-]-c-amb

Xocp-am-\-§Ä \S-¸m-¡p¶ kmä-sseäv tI{µambn¡q-Sn-bm-Wv, taJem tI{µ-§sf hn`m-

h\w sNt¿--Xv. taJem tI{µ-§-fpsS {][m\ D -c-hm-Zn-Xzw, PnÃm-X-e-¯nepw

Xmeq¡v Xe-¯nepw \ne-hn-epÅ Bip-]-{Xn-IÄ, kmaq-ly-\oXn hIp-¸v, PnÃm-]-©m-b-

¯v, tImÀ¸-td-j-\p-IÄ XpS§nb kam\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä \S-¯p-¶ -FÃm GP-³kn-I-

tfbpw kwtbm-Pn¸n-¨v, ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä e£y-¯n-se-¯n-¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv.

am\-knI shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä ]e-t¸mgpw ^e-{]-

Z-am-ImsX t]mIp-¶-Xnsâ Hcp {][m\ Imc-Ww, hnhn[ hIp-¸p-IÄ Htc hn`mKw P\-

§Ä¡v, ]c-kv]cw [mc-W-bn-Ãm-sX, tkh\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm-p-

Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hnhn[ hIp-¸p-IÄ, DZm-l-c-Ww, Btcm-Ky-h-Ip-¸v, kmaq-ly-\oXn hIp-¸v,

hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸v, hyh-kmb hIp-¸v, sXmgnÂ hIp-¸v, {XnXe ]©m-b¯v XpS-§n-b-h-

bpsS Bkq-{X-Whpw GtIm]-\hpw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, C¶s¯ Ah-Ø-

bnÂ\n¶pw hfsc sa -s¸« Hcp kml-N-cy-¯n-te-¡v, \ne-hn-epÅ hn -h-§Ä D]-tbm-

116

Kn-¨p-X-s¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-

§Ä \S-¯m-\m-hpw.

PnÃm-þ-Xm-eq¡v Xe-¯n-epÅ {]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ Btcm-Ky-h-Ip-¸nsâ tkh-\-§-fm-

b, t\ct¯ Is- Â, t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ F¶o {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡mbn

Hcp aÄ«nUnkn-]vfn-\dn {Kq¸nsâ tkh-\w, {]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡m-bn- e- y-am-Ip-¶p-

sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-t --Xv, taJem tI{µ-¯nsâ Npa-X-e-bm-Wv. Gähpw Npcp-§n-bXv

Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn Xew hsc, hnhn[ hnZ-Kv²-cm-b, inip-tcmK hnZ-Kv²À, \yqtdm-f-Pn-

Ìv, am\-knI BtcmKy hnZ-Kv²À, sskt¡m-f-Pn-Ìv, ^nkn-tbm-sX-d-¸n-Ìv, H¡p-t¸-j-

WÂ sXdm-¸n-Ìv, kv]o¨v sXdm-¸nÌv F¶n-h-cpsS tkh\w Dd-¸m-¡p-hm³ Cu hnZ-

Kv²sc kÀ¡mÀ Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnÂ \nb-an-¡-Ww.

]©m-b¯v Xe-¯nÂ, tkh-\-§Ä e`y-am-Ip-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³,

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ, ICDS, Ip-Spw-_-{io, SSA, IED-SS, addv NGO’S XpS-§n-b-hsc-

sbms¡ Iq«n-tbm-Pn-¸n-¨p-sIm-pÅ {]hÀ -\-§-fmWv kwL-Sn-¸n-t¡--Xv. PnÃm-X-e- n-

epw, Xmeq¡v Xe-¯nepw C¯cw {]hÀ -\-§Ä t{ImUo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kuI-cy-

§Ä taJem tI{µ-§Ä aptJ\ \S-¸m-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe

D¶X tI{µw- þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen

Ne-©vUns\ kwØm-\-X-e D¶X tI{µ-am¡n amäp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]Sn

Gähpw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn \S- -Ww.

tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ {]hÀ¯\w _p²n-am-µy-ta-J-e-bnÂ HXp-§p-¶-

Xn-\p-]-Icw Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw ssiihat\m-

tcmKw XpS-§nb FÃm hn`mK§-sfbpw Hcp IpS-¡o-gnÂ sImph-c-Ww.

tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ \nehn-ep-f-f {]hÀ -\-§sf ka-{K-ambn ]

p\xkwL-Sn-¸n-¡Ww.

kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn

saâen Ne-©vUvenÂ Ct¸mÄ Znh-k-th-X-\-¯nepw IcmÀ ASn-Øm-\-

117

¯nepw {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶Poh-\-¡mÀ am{X-ta-bp-Åq. Øm]-\-¯nsâ

kpØn-chpw, kpk-Ö-hp-amb {]hÀ¯\-¯n-\mbn apgp-h³ Poh-\-¡m-

scbpw Ønc-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw ]qÀ® B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿-

Ww.

tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ {]tXyI

hnZym-e-b§-fpsS `c-W-]-chpw A¡m-Z-an-I-hp-amb {]hÀ -\-§sf tÌäv

C³Ìn-äyq-«p-ambn_Ôn-¸n¡Ww.

tÌäv C³Ìnäyq-«nsâ A¡m-Z-an-I-amb hn`h hn\n-ab tijn

kwØm-\Xe-¯nepw_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Hmtcm

hyàn¡pw klmbw e`y-am-¡p¶ hn[¯nÂ iàns¸Sp- -Ww.

tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«ns\ kwØm\Xe D¶X tI{µ-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ km¼-

¯nI klmbw kwØm\ _UvPäv hnln-X-¯nÂ \nt¶m {]tXyI tI{µ

{Kmâmtbm e`y-am-¡Ww.

kn.-F-¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen Nme-©vUns\

Hcp anI-hnsâ tI{µ-ambn (Centre for Excellence) hnI-kn-¸n-bv¡-Ww.

kn.-F-¨v.-ap-l-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-

{_Â ]mÄkn, sXdm¸yq-«n-Ivkv, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶o

hnj-b-§-fnÂ Un{Kn, ]nPn-tIm-gvkp-IÄ XpS§n Hcp UowUv bqWn-th-

gvknän Ìmä-kn-tebv¡v DbÀ -Ww.

118

119

A²ym-bw-þ9

kmaqly kpc-£ (Social Security)

kmaq-ly-]n-t¶m-¡m-hØ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v DbÀ¯n-s¡m-p-h-cn-I-

sb-¶-Xv, ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-¯sâ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-am-sW¶v C¶v ]

cs¡ k½-Xn-¡p-¶p-v. GsX-¦nepw Hcp kaqlw AsÃ-¦nÂ P\-hn-`mKw kaq-l-

¯nÂ ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bnÂ Ign-bp-¶Xn\v kmaq-ly-]-c-ambn khn-tij Imc-W-§Ä D-

m-Ipw. Imc-W-§sf imkv{Xo-b-ambn \nÀ²m-cWw sNbvXv ]cn-lm-c-amÀ¤-§Ä \S-¸m-

¡p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv, GsXmcp `c-W-Iq-Ss¯ kw_-Ôn¨pw {]Ya {][m\ _m[y-X. C

ýbpsS `cWL-S-\-bpsS A´-:k -Xs¶ \oXn-bpà kaq-l-¯nsâ km£m-

Xv¡mcw Dd-¸m-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv. \oXn \ne-\n-ev¡m-¯, kaq-l-sa-¶-Xv, am\-hnI

kwkvIr-Xn-tbmSp Xs¶-bpÅ hen-sbmcp shÃp-hn-fn-bm-Wv. cmjv{S-hn- -h-§-fpsS \oXn-

bp-à-amb hnX-cWw \S-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-\pÅ Pm{K-X-bm-Wv, Hcp kaq-l-

¯nsâ Ne-\m-ß-I-X-bpsS e£-Ww. \oXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Ne-\m-ß-I-Xbv¡v

timjn¸v kw -hn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv kmaq-ly-a-c-hn¸v F¶ Bß-l-Xym-]-c-amb Zpc´w

kw -hn-¡p-I.

GsX-¦nepw P\-hn-`mKw kmaq-ly-ambn ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bnÂ Ign-bp-¶-Xn-\v,

kmaq-lyhpw Ncn-{X-]-chpw kmkvIm-cn-I]chpw Btcm-Ky-]-chpw cmjv{So-b]c-hp-

amb ]e Imc-W-§Ä Dm-tb-¡mw. P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä kzbw kwL-Sn-¡p-Ibpw Ahsc

kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-I-bp-sams¡ sNbvXv kmaqly k½À±w krjvSn-¨m-Wv, ]e-t¸mgpw kaq-l-

¯nÂ \ntj-[n-¡-s¸« \oXn P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä ]nSn-¨p-hm-§p-¶-Xv. \oXn-sb-¶-Xv, kzb-

tah AÀ°-k-¼qÀ®hpw AÀ°-Kw-ò-c-hp-am-Wv. Bcpw BÀ¡pw A\p-h-Zn-

¨p-\ÂIp¶ Hcp HuZm-cy-aÃ AXv. Cý³ `c-W-L-S\ AXnsâ Bhn-jv¡m-c-L-«-

¯nÂ Xs¶, ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb DÅ-S-¡-ambn DbÀ¯n-¡m-Wn-¨Xv \nXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-

amb Hcp kmaqly LS-\-bmWv Cý¡mh-iy-w F¶m-Wv.

{_lv¯nsâ {]ap-J-amb Hcp²cn-Wn-bp-v. 'A\oXn t]am-cn-bmbn s]bvXn-d§p-

Ibpw A\oXn \S-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ kÔy-a-b-§n-¯o-cp-¶-Xn-\p-ap-¼p-Xs¶

120

B \Kcw I¯n-¨m-¼-em-hp-sa¶v'. Hc-\o-Xn-tbbpw ]cnjvIrX a\-Ên\v \ymbo-I-cn-

¡m-\m-hn-sÃ¶ ImgvN¸m-Sm-Wv, {_lvXv apt¶m-«p-sh-bv¡p-¶-Xv. hyàn-bpsS imco-cn-

Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-sIm-v, AhÀ¡v kaq-l-¯nÂ AÀl-amb \oXn

e`n-¡m¯ kml-N-cy-am-Wv, atäXv A\o-Xn-sb-¡mÄ A[mÀ½n-Iw. imco-cn-I-amb ]cn-an-

Xn-Itfm ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-tbm t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cmb hyàn-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨v, kmaqly

kpc-£n-X¯zw Dd-¸m-¡m³ khn-tij \S-]-Sn-I-Ä kzoI-cn-¡m³ \mw _m[y-Ø-cm-Wv.

akvXnjvI £X-tam, akvXnjvI tImi-§-fnse Akm-[m-c-W-Xz-tam-sImv shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v kmaqly kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-I-sb¶ kmaqly ZuXyw

kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw hfsc kq£va-X-tbm-sSbpw imkv{Xob t_m[-t¯m-sSbpw \nÀÆ-ln-

t¡--Xm-Wv. C¯cw {]iv\-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cn-te-¡v, kaq-lhpw kÀ¡mcpw Cd-

§n-s -¶mÂ am{X-ta, ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hq. Imc-Ww, kzbw Bh-iy-§Ä D¶-bn-¡m-

t\m, Ah-Im-i-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-hm-§mt\m kzm`m-hnI tijn DÅ-h-c-Ã, _p²n-]camb

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-cpw. Bh-iy-§Ä tNmZn-¡m³ tijn-bn-Ãm- -Xp-sIm-p-am-

{Xw, AÀl-amb kmaqly hnlnXw A\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡p¶ kml-Ncyw \ne-\n-

ev¡p¶ GI hn`m-K-amWv tIc-f- nÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ.

AX-pt]m-se-X-s¶, kam-\-X-I-fn-Ãm¯ thZ-\-IÄ am{Xw \ÂIp¶ A\p- -h-

amWv _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v Pohn-Xw. C{X-tb-td-\n-

cm-im- -cn-X-amb Hcp kaq-ls¯ asä-hn-sSbpw Is-¯m-\m-hn-Ã. Ch-cpsS \ncm-ibpw

kmaq-ly-ambn Hä-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¶ tXm¶epw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. tIc-f-¯nÂ kmaq-ly-]-

cn-K-W\ e`y-am-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¶-XmWv XojvW-amb Cu \ncm-i-bpsS Hcp Imc-Ww. ]T\ ]

cn-io-e\ kuI-cy-§-fpsS A`m-hw, kmaqly kpc-£n-¯z-an-Ãm-bva, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS

acWtijw Ip«n-IÄ A\p- -hn-¡p¶ A\m-Y-Xzs¯ kw_-Ôn¨ DXv¡WvT XpS-§n-b-h-

sbÃmw c£n-Xm-¡sf hÃmsX Akz-Ø-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Cu khn-tij am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-

bnÂ Hcp kmaqly k½À±w hnI-kn-¸n-¡m³ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v {XmWn-

bn-ÃmsX hcp-¶p.

C{X-sbms¡ {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Hcp P\-hn-`m-K-am-bn-cp-¶n«p-t]mepw _p²n-]-

c-amb shÃphnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m-\p-X-Ip¶ Hcp ka{K kwhn-

[m\w cq]-s -Sp-¯m³ kaq-l-sa¶ \ne-bnÂ tIc-f- n\v Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. imkv{Xo-b-

121

amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bnÂ \njvIr-jvS-amb Hcp kao-]\w kzoI-cn-¡p-I-bm-sW-

¦nÂ _lp-`q-cn-]£w hcp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-scbpw kaq-l-

¯nÂ hnZ-Kv²-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw. ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-¯nsâ

kZv^ew e`y-am-ImsX hcp-t¼m-gm-Wv, kmaqly kpc£nXXz ]²-Xn-IÄ¡mbn IqSp-

XÂ A²zm-\hpw hn -hhpw sNe-h-gn-t¡n hcp-¶-Xv. CX-]-cy-´-ambn imkv{Xob ]p\-c-

[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS Hcp Xe-¯nepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc

kw_-Ôn-¨v, Imcy-am-sbm¶pw tIc-f-¯n\v sN¿m-\m-bn-«n-Ã.

{]iv\w t\cs¯ Is- p-¶Xv XpS-§n, t\c-t -X-s¶bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-

SÂ, {]tbmK-]-c-amb hnZym-`ym-kw, sXmgnÂ þ Ch-sbm-¶nepw kmaqlyamb hn`h

hn\n-tbmKw \S-¯m- -XnsâIqSn ]cn-Wn-X-^-e-am-Wv, kmaqly kpc-£n-XXz

{]hÀ -\-§Ä IqSp-XÂ {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡m³ \nÀº-Ôn-X-am-Ip¶ kml-N-cyw. ]

et¸m-gpw, ]mcn-Øn-XnI Imc-W-§Ä aqeap-m-Ip¶ {]iv\-§Ä þ DZm-l-c-W-am-bn,

ImkÀtIm-s«, F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-eþ \nÊ-lm-b-cmb Zcn{Z hn-`m-K-§Ä

Xn§n-¸mÀ¡p¶ {]tZ-i-¯v, hnth-N\ cln-X-amb IoS-\m-in-\n-IÄ BIm-i-¯p-\n¶pw

Xfn-¨Xv Imc-W-am-Wv, C -c-samcp henb Zpc´w Imk-À-tIm«v Dm-b-sX-¶v, C¶v

GXm-s-Ãm-hcpw Xs¶ k½-Xn-¡p-¶p. kÀ¡mÀ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-epÅ Irjn-t¯m-«-

¯nÂ \S-¯nb Cu IoS-\m-in\n {]tbmKw, F{Xtbm a\p-jy-cpsS F{Xtbm Xe-ap-d-

Isf C\nbpw _m[n-¡p-¶, {]iv\-ambn C\nbpw XpS-cp¶ Zpc-´-ambn ]cn-Wan¨p!

C¯cw kml-N-cy-¯nÂ, `c-W-Iq-S- n-sâ, hngvN-aqew, ]uc-·mÀ¡v GÂ¡p¶

BLmXw temI-¯msI tZiob Zpc-´-sa¶ Xc-¯n-emWv hnh£n-¡p-¶-Xv. P¸m-\nse

lntcm-£n-a-þ-\m-K-km¡n Zpc-´-§-fpsS kz`m-h-apÅ {]iv\-amWv C -c-¯n-epÅ Zpc- -

§Ä. em` Xmev]-cy-§-fpsS \nÊ-lm-b- Cc-I-fmbnamdp¶ Cu P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä¡p-thn

FÃm-hn[ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§fpw Gsä-Sp¯v \S-¯p-I-sb-¶Xv AS-b-´nc

{]m[m\yw \evtI Imcy-am-Wv.

GXm-bm-epw, ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-tam, Btcm-Ky-]-c-tam, AXp-a-sÃ-¦nÂ NnInÂkm ]cn-

io-e-\-§-fpsS A`mhw F¶o Imc-W-§-fmÂ, sshI-ey-¯nsâ XS-hn-em-¡-s¸-«-hsc ]

qÀ®-ambn Gsä-Sp-¡m-\pÅ [mÀ½nI _m[yX kaq-l-¯n-\p-v. ]t£ _p²n-]-c-ambn

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v am{Xw tIcf kaqlw Hcp _m[y-Xbpw Gsä-Sp-

122

¡m³ CXp-hsc k¶-²-am-bn-«n-Ã. AhÀ¡p-th hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-t\m, sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-

¯nt\m sXmgn-en-t\m, H¶pwXs¶ \oXn-]qÀÆ-amb hn -hhn-\n-tbmKw \S-¯n-bn-«n-Ã.

AY-hm, Cu cmPys¯ ]uc-s\¶ \ne-bnÂ `c-W-L-S\ Dd-¸p-\ÂInb ASn-Øm\

Ah-Im-i-§-sfms¡ \ntj-[n- -Xn-eqsS Ah\v e`y-am-tI hn`h hnlnXw kaq-l-¯nse

asä-Ãm-hcpw IhÀs¶-Sp¯ kml-N-cy-am-Wp-m-Ip-¶-Xv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, CXv tIhew

`c-W-IqS _m[yX am{X-a-Ã, C -c-¯n-epÅ P\-hn-`m-K-t¯mSv hnth-N\w ImWn¨

kaq-l-¯nse Hmtcm hyàn-bpw, Ah-c-\p- -hn¨ AYhm A\p- -hn-¡p¶ A[nI

kmaqly kuI-cy-§Äs¡ms¡ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-htcmSv IS-s¸-«n-cn-

¡p-¶p. sXsÃmcp ]Ým-¯m-]-t¯msS \mw Ct¸mÄ B ISw ho«n, Ah-tcmSv sNbvX,

sN¿p¶ hnth-N-\-¯n\v ]cn-lm-c-ap-m-¡-Ww.

CXp-h-sc-bmbpw Kuc-h-amb ImgvN-¸m-tSm-sS, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnj-b-§fnÂ kmaq-ly-amb CS-s]-SÂ \S-¸m-¡m-\m-bn-Ã, F¶-Xp-sIm- -

p-X-s¶, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v F¯s¸-Sm-\pÅ Hcp km²y-Xbpw Ahsc

kw_-Ôn-¨p-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXn-ep-]-cn, kaq-ln-I-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡ Hcp ap³KW-\m-hn-j-

b-ambn kz´w Imcy-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-hm-§m-\m-Im¯ Hcp hn`m-Ks¯ kw_-Ôn¨ hnj-b-

§Ä ]cn-W-an-¡p-sa¶v {]Xo-£n-¡m\pw h¿. hnI-em-wK-cpsS Ah-Im-is¯ kw_-Ôn-

¨pÅ sFIy-cmjv{S {]Jym-]\w ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-¶-t]m-se, ]qÀ® ]uc-Xz-sa¶ Ah-

Imim[njvTnX kao-]\w (Right Based Approach) kzoI-cn-¡m³ C¶v temI-cm-jv{S-§Ä

_m[y-Ø-cm-Wv. aäv kam-\-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cnÂ \n¶pw XnI¨pw hyXy-

Ø-am-Wv, akvXn-jvI-kw-_-Ô-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnj-bw. AXp-sIm- -

p-X-s¶, Ch-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ khn-ti-j-amb {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v

kÀ¡mÀ k¶-²-am-I-Ww. C¡mcyw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sIm-m-Wv, Cu dnt¸mÀ«nÂ, CXnsâ ]cn-

[n-bnÂ hcp¶ _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih

at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshIeyw XpS-§nb hnj-b-§Äs¡Ãmw s]mXp-hm-bn, Ah-cpsS ]

cn-io-e\{Ia-§-fpw, a\p-jy-hn- -h-tijn hnI-k-\-hpw, Kth-j-Whpw Hs¡ ]cn-K-Wn¨v Hcp

kwØm-\-Xe anI-hsâ tI{µw Øm]n-¡-W-sa¶ ip]mÀi DÅ-S¡w sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-

Xv.

123

Cu {]iv\-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-h-cmb tIc-f-¯nse FÃm hyàn-IÄ¡pw

hnZKv² tkh\w Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p¶ coXn-bnÂ, Gähpw ASn- -«n-epÅ ]©m-b¯v Xew

hsc F¯p¶ hn[-¯n-em-Wv, Cu tI{µs¯ hn`m-h\w sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cusbmcp

skâÀ, \½psS cmPy¯v C -c-¯n-epÅ BZy kwcw- -am-Wv. _p²nssh-I-eyw, Hm«n-

kw, ]T\ sshI-eyw, F¶o {]iv\-§-fpÅ tIc-f-¯nse FÃm Ip«n-IÄ¡pw, t\c-t -

bpÅ Is- Â, t\c-t -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-SÂ, khn-tij hnZym-`ym-kw,

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w F¶o taJ-e-I-fnÂ hnZKv² tkh\w Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p¶ coXn-bn-em-

Wv, Cu kwØm-\-Xe anI-hnsâ tI{µ-s¯, Bkq-{XWw sN¿p-¶-Xv. hnI-emwK ]p\-

c-[n-hmk taJ-e-bnÂ hen-tbm-cp, IpXn-¨p-Nm-«-¯n-\pÅ km[y-X-sbm-cp-¡p¶ Cu

tI{µw, F{Xbpw s]s«-¶v, asä´v ]cnan-Xn-I-fp-s-¦nepw Ah-sbÃmw ]cn-l-cn¨v

DS³ \S-¸m-¡-W-sa¶v I½o-j³ ip]mÀi-sN-¿p-¶p. XoÀ -bmbpw kmaqly kpc-£n-X-

Xz-¯nÂ anI¨ kw`m-h-\-IÄ sN¿m³ C -c-¯n-epÅ Kth-j-Wm-[n-jvTnX Øm]-\-

¯nsâ Bh-iy-IX tIc-f-¯nÂ hfsc {][m-\-s -«-Xm-Wv.

hnZym-`ymk kuP-\yw, kuP\y sXmgnÂ ]co-io-e-\w, sXmgn-ep-d¸v, kmaq-ln-I-

amb Pohn-X-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb kzmX-{´yw, b{Xm kuP-\y-§Ä, s]³j³, C³jz-d³kv

XpS§n FÃm taJ-e-I-fnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ]cn-K-W\

Dd¸v \ÂIpI F¶-Xv, C¶v ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-¯nsâ {][m\ e£-W-§-fn-sem-¶m-

Wv. aäv hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-sf-¡mÄ, FÃm-hn[ ]cn-K-W-\-IÄ¡pw IqSp-XÂ AÀlÀ,

t_m[ aWvU-e-¯nÂXs¶ ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp-¶-h-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ \ne-hn-epÅ FÃm \nb-a-]-c-amb B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Dd-

¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS khn-ti-j-amb

kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn¨v Gähpw DZmc kao-]\w IqSn Ch-cp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Hmtcm

kÀ¡mÀ \S-]-Sn-bnepw Dm-I-W-sa-¶Xpw AXv kmaq-ly-amb \nÀº-ÔnX _m[y-X-bm-

Ip¶ aqey-t_m-[-¯n-te¡v kaqlw Db-tc--Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

kmaq-lnI kpc£ -þ ip]mÀi-IÄ

124

18 hb-Êp-I-gnª Xo{h _p²n sshI-ey-ap-Å-hsc imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-

bnÂ kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ]cn-]m-e\ tI{µ§Ä ASn-b- n-c-ambn Bcw-`n-¡-

Ww.

hnI-emwK \nbaw 1995 (PWD Act) A\p-im-kn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ am\-Z-

WvU-§Ä

]men-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-am-{Xta PWD cPn-kvt{S-j³ \ÂIm-hq.

tI{µ kÀ¡m-cnsâ ]cn-K-W-\-bn-en-cn-¡p¶ hnI-emwK Ah-Imi _nÃv-

þ2012 ]mÀe-saânÂ ]mkm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ tIc-f- nÂ

\n¶pÅ ]mÀesaâv AwK§-fn-eqsS ià-amb k½À±w HmtI{µkÀ¡m-

cnÂ sNep- -Ww.

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnepw s]mXphn-Zym-e-b§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kao-IrX t]mj-Im-lmcw e`n-

¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp -Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ,

kzImcy Bip]-{Xn-I-fnÂ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-bpw, ap³K-W-\bpw ((Iyq

Hgn-hm-¡p-I, Gsd t\cwIm¯p-\nÂ¡p-¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡p-I, s]cp-amä {]iv\-

§Ä a\-Ên-em¡n (ssl¸À BIvSnhnän t]mep-Åh) s]cp-am-dpI))

\ÂIp-¶-Xn\v {]XyI kÀ¡mÀ D¯chv Cd-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS {]iv\-§sf¡pdn¨v kaq-l-

¯nÂ t_m[ hÂ¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\mbn kvIqÄ ]mTy-]-²-Xn-

bnÂ (¹kv Sp ¢mÊv hsc) C¯cw Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnj-b-

§Ä DÄs¸-Sp- -Ww.

tI{µ \nb-a-§-fmb t]gvk¬ hn¯v Unkn_n-en-äokv BIvSv 1995, \mj-

WÂ {SÌv BIvSv 1999, bp.-F³. kn. BÀ, ]n.Un 2008 Ch-bnse \nÀt±-i-

§Ä IÀi-\-ambn \S¸n-em-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v

kwØm\ Xe-¯nÂ klm-b-I-c-amb N«§Ä Dm-hp-Ibpw (Ah-Im-i-§Ä

e`n-¨n-sÃ-¦nÂ \nb-a-\-S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ) iàambn

\S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

125

tIc-f-¯nse A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ ]mTy-]-²Xn, {]o ss{]adn Sot¨-gn-

knsâ ]mTy-]²Xn, t\gvknw-Kv, saUn-¡Â, ]mcm-sa-Un-¡Â, sXdm-]yq-«n-

¡v, tkmjyÂ hÀ¡v XpS-§nb ]mTy-]-²-Xn-IÄ Ch-bnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hnfnIsf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnhc-§fpw {]mtbm-KnI ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]

{In-b-I-fpsams¡ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Hcp hnjb-ambn DÄs¸-Sp-t - -Xm-Wv.

kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ taÂt\m-«-¯nÂ ASn-b-´n-c-ambn 18

hb Êp-I-gn-ª-hÀ¡mbn k¶-²-kw-L-S-\-IÄ s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-

§Ä, sNdp-InS hyh-kmb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä kzImcy kwcw-`-§Ä XpS-§n-

b-hsc DÄs -Sp-¯n-s¡m-pÅ Hcp ka-{K-amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw Bcw-`n-

¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpÅ {]tXy-In¨pw Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-

I-fpÅ Ipªp§-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, DtZym-K-Ø-cm-sW-¦nÂ Ah-

cpsS tPmen ka-b-§-fnÂ Hcp Znhkw cmhnsetbm sshIp-t¶-

ctam 1 aWn-¡qÀ apXÂ 2 aWn-¡qÀ hsc ka-b- nsâ Cfhv A\p-h-Zn-

bv¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ D -c-hn- d-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶- Ip«n-I-fpsS s]³j³

kvtImfÀjn- v, ssÌ]âv aäm-\p-Iq-ey§Ä F¶nh A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn\v

c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡-cp-Xv.

\nÀ[-\À/tcmKn-IÄ/ {]mbm-[nIyw h¶-hÀ/am\-knI tcmK-ap-Å-hÀ,

C -c- ¡m-cpsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS

kpc-£bv¡pw kwc-£-W-¯n-\p-ambn ]©m-b¯v Xe kanXn/

kwhn-[m\w Dm-h-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw

Ahsc Nqj-W-¯nÂ \n¶pw kwc-£n-t¡--Xnsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-¡p-

dn-¨pw, Sn-hn, ]{Xw, CâÀs\äv XpS-§nb am[y-a-§-fn-eqsS t_m[-

hÂ¡-cWw \ÂI-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v s]mXp-P-\-§-fnÂ Ah-

t_m[w Dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb sNdp-]-c-ky-§Ä Zriy-am-

126

[y-a-§-Ä/tdUntbm F¶n-h-bnÂ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw kwt{]-£Ww

sN¿p-¶-Xn\v \nb-a-\nÀ½m-W-

¯nÂ hyhØsN¿-Ww.

DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, {]tXy-In¨v Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v eoh-\p-hZn-¡p-¶-Xn\v

DZmc kao-]\w kzoI-cn-bv¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, i¼-f-t¯m-sSm¸w Ip«n-I-

fpsS `oa-amb NnIn-Õm- sN-e-hv, hnZym-`ymk sNe-hv, bm{Xm sNehv

F¶n-hbpw A\p-h-Zn¨p \evI-Ww.

Xo{h-þ-XojvW hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸« _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶

Ip«n- I-fpsS DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v am\-kn-tIm-Ãm-k-¯n-\mbn

asäÃm A\p-h-Z-\ob eohp-IÄ¡p-ap-]-cn, 10 Znh-k-s -sb-¦nepw

Ah-[nbpw DÃm-k- bm{Xm sNehpw kÀ¡mÀ \evI-Ww. Cu B\p-

Iqeyw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnepw \evIp-¶-Xn\v Dt -P\w \evI-Ww.

c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS A`m-h- nÂ/ c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v kwc-£n-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«p-

Å-t¸mÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc Xma-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-Ifp-am-tbm, ]p\-c-[n-hmk Øm]-\-§-fp-amtbm _Ô-

s¸«v kzIm-cyþ kÀ¡mÀ ]¦m-fn- -t¯msS “sdkvss]äv tlmwkv ”

Bcw`n-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ayqkn-bw, arK-ime aäp-hn-

t\mZ tI{µ§Ä F¶n-hn-S-§-fnÂ kµÀi\w kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Ah-Im-i-

§fpw e`y-amIp-¶-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb

{]tXyI \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww.

aäp hnI-emwK hn`m-K§fnÂ \n¶pw hyXy-Ø-ambn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS NnInÕm sNehv, acp-¶v, ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\pÅ sNe-

hv, ]cm-{i-bXzw Ch]cn-K-Wn¨v s]³j³ KWy-ambn hÀ²n-¸n-¡-Ww.

\nb-a-ÚÀ, tImSXn DtZym-K-ØÀ, dh\yq DZym-K-ØÀ, t]meo-kv, BÀ.-Sn.

H, ss{UhÀ, I-IvSÀ XpS-§nb s]mXpP-\-hp-ambn \nc-´cw _Ô-s¸-Sp¶

127

FÃm DtZym-K-ØÀ¡pw am\-kn-I-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]än-

bpÅ t_m[-hÂ¡-c-Whpw {]tXyI ]cn-io-e-\hpw \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ

kuP-\y-ambn hmZn-¡p-¶-Xn\v sslt¡m-S-Xnbnepw, PnÃm tImS-

Xnbnepw Hcp Kh¬saâv ¹oU-dpsS tkh\w e`y-am-t¡--Xm-Wv.

tlmw sIbÀ Bh-iy-amb Xo{h hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸Sp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡sf sXmgnep-d- p-]-²-Xn-bnÂ

DÄs -Sp- -n Ip«n-IÄ¡v \ÂIp¶ ]cn-N-cWw sXmgn-embn ]cn-K-Wn¨v

thX\w \evI-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS khn-ti-jX ]cn-K-Wn¨v Ah-cp-

ambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v ^mÌv {Sm¡v kwhn-

[m\w Dm-h-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Btcm-Ky, NnIn-Õm, ]cn-io-

e-\m-h-iy-§Ä¡mbn Xmeq¡v Xew apX-se-¦nepw aÄ«n Unkn-¹n-\dn

Soansâ tkh\w e`y-amt¡--Xm-Wv.

NnInÕm cwKs¯ Nqj-W-§-fnÂ \n¶pw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶h-sc-bpw, Ah-cpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡-sfbpw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v

\nba]cn-c£\ÂIWw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpÅ IpSpw-_-§sf _n.-]n.-FÂ

hn`m- K-¯nÂ DÄs -Sp- -Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶- {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb B¬Ip-«n-IfpsS-

bpw, s]¬Ip-«n-I-fpsSbpw Ah-Im-i-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-

Ifpw ap³I- cp-X-ep-Ifpw kzoI-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.

c£-IÀ¯m-¡-fpsS Ime-tijw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc

kwc- £n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Hmtcm PnÃ-bnepw BPo-h-\m´ ]p\-c-[n-hmk tI{µ-

§Ä XpS- t§--Xm-Wv.

tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©nUv, kvs]jyÂ

kvIqfpIÄ,sF.C.- Un.-F-kv.-F-kv, Fkv.-F-kv.-F, IpSpw-_-{io, km£-cXm

anj³ XpS-§nb GP³kn-Isf imkv{Xo-b-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-

128

Sp¯n _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS Hcp kÀtÆ \S¯n

ØnXn hnhcIW-¡v Dm-t¡--Xm-Wv.

Xo{h _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS IpSpw-_s¯ Bizm-

kIncWw ]²-Xn-bnÂ hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡msX DÄs¸-Sp¯n

FÃm-hÀ¡pw klmbw e`n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp -Ww.

sshIeyw sXfn-bn-¡p¶ kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-IÄ thK-¯nepw icn-bmbpw

\nÀ®- bn¨p \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v DÅ kwhn-[m\w Dmbncn-¡-Ww.

\nb-a-]-c-amb c£m-IÀXr-kw-hn-[m\w \ne-hnÂ hcp-¯p-Ibpw AXv

Zpcp-]-tbmKw sN¿-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ iàamb \nba kwc-£Ww \ÂIp-

¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡pIbpw thWw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw klm-bn¡pw _kvbm{Xm

klmbw \ÂIp-¶-Xnsâ Zqc-]-cn[n 40 Intem-ao-äÀ F¶p-ÅXv Zqc-]-

cn[n Hgn-hm¡n \ÂI-Ww.

hnZym-`ymkw, NnInÕm, sXmgnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÅ-

hÀ¡p- t\sc \S-¯p¶ Ipä-Ir-Xy-§Ä XpS-§nb Bh-em-Xn-

IÄ¡v ]cn-lmcw ImWp- ¶-Xn-\mbn {]tXyI \nbakwhn-[m-\hpw,

{]tXyI tImS-Xnbpw Dm-h-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ hyàn-I-fpsS IpSpw-_-¯n\v

sshZyp Xn, shÅw, t^m¬ Ch ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.

tIkv ÌUn-

ae-¸p-ds¯ apl-½-Zm-en-tbbpw IpSpw-_-t¯bpw kµÀin-¡p-t¼mÄ, a\ÊvhÃmsX ]nS-bpw. Xncn¨v ho«nÂ h¶n-d§n amk-§Ä Ign-ªmepw \½psS Dd-¡-t¯bpw DWÀÆn-t\-bpw, Ip«n-I-fp-tSbpw A½-bp-tSbpw \njvI-f¦ apJ-§Ä ]n³Xp-SÀ¶p-sIm-n-cn-¡pw. a\p-jy³ F¶ \ne-bnÂ \½Ä F{X-am{Xw \nÊ-lm-b-cm-sW¶Nn´ \s½ ZpÀº-e-cm-¡pw. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Bdv Ip«n-I-fpÅ IpSpw-_w!

]Xn-äm-p-IÄ¡p-ap³]v Xan-gv\m-«nÂ\n¶pw IpSn-tb-dn-b-XmWv apl-½-Zm-en.A[zm-\n¨p IpSpw_w ]peÀ¯m-sa¶ Bß-hn-izm-k-amWv hnhm-lw-sNbvXp ae- p-d-¯p-X-s¶ Xma-kn-¡m³ Ct±-l-¯n\v ss[cyw \evIn-b-Xv. aWÂsXm-gn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp-¶p, apl-½-Zm-en. F¶mÂ Pohn-X-¯n\v ku`mKyw ]I-tc ]ecpw ZpcnX Nn{X-§-fmbn ap¶nÂ \nd-ª-t¸mÄ, Cu a\p-jy³ \nk-lm-b-\mbn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

129

aq¯ aI\v 23 hb-Êp-v. Cc-«-I-fmb Cfb Ip«n-IÄ¡v 12 hb-Êpw. s]¬Ip«nkm[m-cW kvIqfn-emWv ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xv. F¶mÂ ]co-£bv¡v am{Xw sN¶mÂ aXn-sb¶ \nÀt±iw \evIn-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv kvIqfp-ImÀ. km[m-cW Ip«n-I-tfm-sSm¸wCcp¯n ]Tn-¸n-¨Xp-sImv {]tbm-P-\-an-Ã. Cfb cp-t]À Aev]w AI-se-bpÅkvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ ]Tn-¡p-¶p. aq -a-I³ cmhnse apXÂ \m«nÂ Npän-¯n-cn-ªp-\-S-¡p-¶p. `mcy am\-knI tcmKn-bm-b-tXmsS Ggp-t]-cpsS Imcy-§Ä t\mt¡Ah-Ø-bn-em-Wv apl-½-Zm-en. C{Xbpw {]iv\-§Ä DÅ ho«nÂ\n¶pw ]pd-¯p-t]mbn tPmen-t\m-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv Akm-[yw.

cv a-¡Ä¡v s]³j-\mbn sNdn-sbmcp XpI In«p-¶-XmWv Cu IpSpw-_-¯n\vt]cn-\pÅ klm-bw. Nne aX kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw kpa-\-Êp-I-fmb hyàn-I-fp-sSbpw sNdnb sNdnb klm-b-§-fmWv Ch-cpsS Pohn-Xs¯ apt¶m«v Nen-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]Wn-Xo-cm¯ sIm¨p-ho-«nÂ XnI¨pw hr¯n-lo-\-amb kml-N-cy-¯nÂ Zn\-§ÄXÅn-\o-¡p¶ Cu a¡fpw amXm-]n-Xm-¡fpw tIc-f- nsâ a\-Êm-£n-¡p-ap-¶nÂtNmZy-Nn-Ó-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv. IS-¸mSv þZo]nI Zn\-]-{Xw.

A²ym-bw-þ10

]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw(Rehabilitation Village)

kmaqly kpc-£n-X-Xz-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-

¶-h-cp-sS, AXym-h-iy-ambpw \S-¸m-t¡ asämcp {][m-\-s¸« Npa-X-e, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS

Ime-ti-jw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIfp-Å-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-sa-¶-Xm-Wv. tIc-f-

¯n-se, C¯cw Ip«n-I-fpÅ FÃm IpSp-_-§-fn-sebpw apgp-h³ IpSpw-_mw-K-§tfbpw

{]tXy-In¨v c£n-Xm-¡sf Kuc-h-ambn Ae-«n-s¡m-n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp {]iv\-am-Wn-Xv. H¶n-e-

[n-Iw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ, Htc ho«n-ep-s-¦nÂ AsÃ-¦nÂ

Ipªp-§-sf-Ãm-hcpw Xs¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cm-bpÅ IpSp-_-

§-fn-epÅ c£n-Xm-¡-Ä hÃm-s¯mcp A\n-Ýn-Xm-h-Ø-bnepw AÔ-Im-c-¯n-ep-am-Wv.

F{X-tbm, IpSpw-_-§-fnÂ, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ac-W-tijw Cu Ip«n-IÄ sImSnb A\m-Y-

Xzhpw Ac-£n-X-Xzhpw kln¨v Ign-ªp-h-cp-¶p-v. AXp-sIm-p-Xs¶ 18 hb-Ên-\p-ti-j-

apÅ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ {]tXy-In-¨v, Xo{hhpw Xo£vW-hp-amb Ah-Ø-bp-

Åsc, BPo-h-\m´w Gsä-Sp-¯v, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k- n\v klm-bn-t¡--Xp-v. AXn-\mbn

I½o-j³ apt¶m-«p-sh-bv¡p¶ \nÀt±-iw, FÃm PnÃ-I-fn-epsa-¦nepw Hmtcm ]p\-c-[n-

130

hmk hntÃ-Pp-IÄ XpS-§p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv. kmaq-ly-\oXn hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯nÂ

C -c-samcp kwcw`w XpS-§p-¶-Xmhpw DNn-Xw. Øe hnkvXr-Xn-bpÅ Cu ]p\-c-[n-

hmk hntÃ-PnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Xma-k- n-\pÅ

tImt«-Pp-I-fpw, AhÀ¡v tPmen-sN-¿m³ Ign-bp-¶-hn-[-¯nÂ sNdp-InS hyh-kmb

Øm]-\-§-fp-ap-m-I-Ww.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS {]mb-amb c£n-Xm-¡Ä

X§-fpsS kpZoÀLhpw Zpc-´-]qÀ®-hp-amb a\x-kw-LÀj Pohn-X-¯n-s\m-Sp-hnÂ am\-

kn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb ZpÀ_-em-h-Ø-bn-emWv Iph-cp-¶-Xv. bmsXm-cp-hn[ ip -{]-

Xo-£bpw Pohn-X-¯nÂ sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯m-\m-hmsX \ncm-i-bnepw \ncmhew-_-X-bnepw

Pohn¨v A\m-Y-Xz-¯n-se-¯n-b-hcpw Bß-l-Xy-sN-bvX-h-cp-amb F{Xtbm IpSpw-_-§Ä

\½psS I¬ap-¶n-eqsS IS-¶p-t]m-bn. dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ hntÃPv cq]o-I-cWw F¶

\S-]Sn c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v Hc-¯m-Wn-bm-hp-¶-sXmsSm-¸w, Ah-cpsS tkh-\-§fpw dolm-

_n-en-tä-j³ hntÃ-PnÂ ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-bp-à-am-¡p¶ Xc-¯nÂ kwhn-[m\w sN¿mw.

kÀ¡mÀ kzImcy ]¦m-fn- -t¯msS (Public-Priate- Participation) XpS-§p¶ kwc-

w -am-bn-cn¡pw IqSp-XÂ KpW-]-c-am-bn-cn-¡p-I. hyh-kmb hIp-¸n-tâbpw klmbw Dd-

¸p-h-cp-t --Xp-v. Cu hntÃ-Pp-I-fnÂ sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-§sf BIÀjn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-

epÅ kÖo-I-c-W-§Ä þ hyh-kmb ]mÀ¡v, aäv ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§Ä XpS-§n-bh

Hcp-¡p-I-bpw, \nÝnX iX-am-\w, sXmgn-ep-IÄ, Cu hntÃ-Pnse At´-hm-kn-

IÄ¡v \ÂIp-I-sb-¶ Icm-tdmsS hyh-km-bn-IÄ¡v kpK-a-ambn hyh-kmbw \S-

¯m-\pÅ hnhn[ B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw {]Jym-]n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, C¯cw hntÃ-Pp-Isf

{Inbm-ß-I-ambn apt¶m-«psIm-p-t]m-Im-\m-Ipw. sNdp-InS hyh-km-b-§Äs¡m-¸w, Irjn,

I¶p-Im-en-h-fÀ¯Â, lmân-{Im^väv F¶n-h-bvs¡Ãmw {]tXyI B\p-Iq-ey-t¯msS

IÀj-IÀ¡pw hyh-km-bn-IÄ¡pw Øew eokn\p \ev-Ip-Ibpw AtXm-sSm-¸w, Cu hntÃ-

Pnse At´-hm-kn-IÄ¡v ]c-am-h[n Ah-kcw \ÂIn, Irjnbpw hyh-km-b-hp-

sams¡ em -I-c-ambn \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kml-Ncyw \ÂIpI-bp-am-sW-¦nÂ, Cu

kwcw`w hnP-b-I-c-ambn apt¶m«v sImp-t]m-Im-\m-Ipw. kmaq-ly-\oXn h-Ip¸pw hyh-

kmb hIp¸pw kzIm-cy-kw-cw- -I-cp-sam-s¡, Hs«mcp kmaqly {]Xn-_-²-X-tbm-sS, Cu

hnjbw Gsä-Sp-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ hntÃPv F¶ kwhn-[m-\w,

131

X§Ä¡ptijw Ip«n-IÄ¡v kw -hn-¡p¶ Ac-£n-X-Xz-¯nsâ Aim´n Ah-km-\n-¸n¨v

kzØ-cmbn Pohn-¡m-\pÅ Ah-kcw c£m-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡v {]Zm\w sN¿pw.

132

1999 se \mj-WÂ {SÌv BIvSv, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn,

_lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o hn`mK-§-fpsS kmaqly kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸p-\-evIp¶ \nba

\S-]-Sn-bm-Wv. \mj-WÂ {SÌv BIvSnÂ, c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ac-W-tijw Ip«n-I-fpsS ]cn-

N-cWw Dd-¸p-\-evIp-¶-Xn\v Hcp {][m\ hIp-¸p-v. c£m-IÀXrXzw(Guardianship) F¶

ioÀj-I-¯n-epff Cu hIp-¸v, Ip«n-I-fpsS `mhn-sb kw_-Ôn¨v c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v

\evIp¶ Hcp-d-¸m-Wv. ]t£, CXv tIc-f- nÂ ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-¸m-¡n-h-cp-¶n-Ã. Cu

BIvSnÂ sImSp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ c£m-IÀXr-Xz-sa¶ hIp-¸sâ A´:-k¯ DÄs¡m-p-sIm-v,

_p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw, ]

T-\-{]-iv\-§Ä F¶o akvXnjvI kw_-Ô-amb {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS

REHABILITATIONVILLAGE

(Through public-private participation)

Food &Shelter

TherapyUnit Employment

Recreation Dispensary

Small Scale Industries:

Pottery Coir Packing of food And more

Agriculture:

Vegetables Flowers And more

133

kwc£Ww c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ac-W-ti-jw, Gsä-Sp-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ apt¶m-«p-h-c-Ww. PnÃ-

I-fnÂ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³hn-tÃ-Pp-IÄ Øm]n-¨v, Ah-cpsS kwc-£Ww Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m-hp-

¶-Xm-Wv. AXn-\m-bn-am{Xw \nÝnX kwJy Hcp tImÀ¸kv ^mbn kÀ¡mÀ amän

hbvt¡--Xm-Wv. tZio-b-X-e-¯nÂ 500 tImSn-cq-]-bm-Wv, CXn-\mbn \mj--WÂ {SÌv

BIvSv {]Imcw amän-sh- -Xv. B kwJy ]s£ hfsc \ma-am-{X-am-Wv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kaqly kpc-£-bp-ambn _Ô-

s¸«v AhÀs¡-Xnsc \S-¡p¶ hym]-I-amb Nqj-W-km-l-Ncyw CÃm-Xm-¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ

AXoh Pm{KX ]peÀt --Xp-v. akvXn-jvI-¯n-\mWv £Xw F¶p-Å-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶,

Imcy-§Ä hnth-Nn- -dn-bm-t\m, imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Nqj-Ws¯ kw_-Ôn¨v

a\-Ên-em-¡m-t\m, C¯cw hyàn-IÄ¡v Hcn-¡epw Ign-sª-¶p-h-cn-Ã. khn-ti-j-am-b,

am\-kn-I, imco-cnI Ah-Ø-IÄ Ip«n-I-fn-ep-Å-Xp-sIm-p-X-s¶, Chsc FÃm-hn-[-¯nepw

NqjWw sN¿m-\pÅ A[nI {]hWXbpw kaq-l-¯n-ep-m-tb-¡mw. AtXm-sSm-¸w-X-

s¶, {]Xn-I-cn-¡n-sÃ¶ Dd-¸nsâ ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Ah-Im-i-§-fp-

sams¡ \nÀ±m-£nWyw \ntj-[n-¡m-\pÅ {]h-W-Xbpw DmImw. Cu kml-Ncyw kaq-l-

¯nse asäÃm hn`m-K-§-fnÂ \n¶pw hyXy-kvX-ambn hf-sc-tbsd {i²bpw kq£va-

Xbpw Pm{K-Xbpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw Cu Ip«n-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Ah-Im-i-þ-\n-ba hnj-

b-§-fnÂ t_m[-]qÀÆw ]peÀt -n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p F¶v \t½m-Sm-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.

Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« Hcp {]iv\-am-Wv, B¬Ip-«n-I-fm-bmepw s]¬Ip-«n-I-fm-

bmepw ssewKn-I-amb Nqj-W-¯n-\pÅ {ia¯n\v Cc-bm-Ip¶p F¶Xv. C¶v ssewKn-

Im-{I-a-W-t¡-kp-I-fnse s]mXp-\n-b-a-§-sfms¡ IqSp-XÂ IÀ¡-i-am-b-Xp-sIm- v, kmaq-

ly-a-\-Êv, sXfn-hp-IÄ\-in-¸n-¡m³ Ffp- -ap-Å, sXfn-hp-IÄ ^e-{]-Z-ambn t_m[n-¸n-

¡m³ Ign-bm¯ hn`m-K-§-fmb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cp-Sp-¶-h-cpsS t\À¡v

Xnc-ªn-«p-s¶v thWw A\p-am-\n-¡m³. Cu ASp¯ Ime-¯m-bn, C -c-¯n-epÅ

ssewKnI AXn-{I-a-§-fpsS tXmXv ]qÀÆm-[nIw hÀ²n-¨n-«p-s¶v \nb-a-hr- -§Ä kqNn-

¸n-¡p-¶p. Cu AhØ IÀ¡-i-ambn t\cn-tS- -Xp-v. AtXm-sSm-¸w, \ne-hn-epÅ, \nb-a-]-

c-ambn AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ntj-[n-¡p¶ kml-N-cy-§fpw Dm-Ip-¶p.

C¯cw {]iv\-§sf AXoh Kuc-h-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-Ibpw \nb-a-]-c-ambn ]c-am-h[n

in£ Ipä-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip-¶-hn[w \nb-aw-Xs¶ Dm-¡p-Itbm thWw.

134

I½o-jsâ {]hÀ -\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v {io. hn. BÀ IrjvW-¿À DÄs¸«

{]apJ \nb-a-Úcpw A`n-`m-j-Icpw ]s¦-Sp¯ inev]-im-e-bnÂ Dcn-¯n-cn-ªp-h¶

\nÀt±-iw, Ch-cpsS khn-tij kml-Ncyw ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS IpSpw-_-þ-km-aqly PohnXw kpc-£n-X-am-¡m³ {]tXyI \nbaw Bhn-

jvI-cn¨v \S-¸m-¡p-¶Xv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv. \ne-hn-epÅ FÃm \nb-a-§fpw

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-¨v, Gsd {]tbm-P-\-I-c-ambn A\p- -

h-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, \ne-hn-epÅ FÃm \nb-a-§-fpsSbpw kmcmwiw

DÄs¡m-v, \nba kwc-£-W-¯nsâ km¶n²yw Ch-cpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ, {]bm-k-§Ä

AI-äp-¶-hn[w {]hÀ -\-£-a-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\v DX-Ip¶ Hcp ]pXnb \nbaw Xs¶ Bhn-

jv¡-cn-t¡--Xp-v.

AtXm-sSm¸w, \ne-hnÂ AÀl-amb ]e B\p-Iq-ey-§epw hnhn[ Imc-W-§-

fmÂ \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kml-N-cy-ap-v. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-

cpsS \ymb-amb Ah-Im-i-§Ä \nc-kn-¡p-¶Xv Ahsc kw_-Ôn¨v Xncn- -dn-bm³

t]mepw Ign-bn-Ã. c£n-Xm-¡fpw GXm-s-Ãm-Im-cy-¯nepw a\w-a-Sp¯ kml-N-cy-¯nÂ

B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä¡m-bn, C¯cw k¦oÀ® Ah-Ø-bpÅ Ipªp-§sf ho«nÂ X\n-¨m-

¡n, AsÃ-¦nÂ tPmen-bp-t]-£n-¨v, Hmô-kp-IÄ Ibdn Cd-§m-\pÅ am\-kn-Im-h-Ø-bn-

ep-am-bn-cn-¡n-Ã. ê-¯nÂ, AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-Iqeyw ChÀ¡v e`y-am-ImsXhcpw.

AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, AÀl-X-s¸« B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä a\:¸qÀÆw Imc-W-an-ÃmsX \ntj-[n-¡-

s¸-Sp¶ kml-Ncyw CÃm-Xm-¡m³, {]tXyIw cq]-I-ev]-\-sNbvX \nba kwhn-[m-\-

¯nÂ, \ntj-[n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn\v Imc-W-¡m-cm-b-h-cnÂ\n¶p ]ng-Np-a-¯m³ IrXy-amb

hIp-¸p-IÄ DmtI--Xm-Wv.

1950 IfnÂ Ata-cn-¡³ kmaq-lnI hyh-Ø-bnÂ Gähpw IqSp-XÂ NÀ¨

sNbvX Kuc-h-amb Hcp hnj-b-am-bn-cp¶p _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-khpw ]p\-

c-[n-hm-k-hpw. C¶v Cý-bnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ A\p- -hn-

bv¡p¶ Hc-\n-Ýn-XXz Ah-Øbv¡v kam-\-am-bn-cp-¶p, 60 hÀj-§Ä¡v ap¼v Ata-cn-

¡-bn-ep-m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. Gähpw \nÊ-lm-b-h-cmb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-

hÀ Gähpw k¼-¶hpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb Ata-cn-¡³ kaq-l-¯nÂ t\cn-Sp¶ ISp¯

Ah-K-W-\, B kaq-ls¯ Bg-¯nÂ thZ-\n-¸n-¨p. AXn-\p-tijw {]kn-Uâv

135

tPm¬.-F-^v.-sI-\-Un-bpsS Ime-L-«-t¯m-sS, Adp-]-Xp-I-fnÂ _p²n-amµyw F¶

AhØ A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Gähpw D¶-X-amb kmaq-ly-]-cn-K-W\ e`y-am-Ip¶ Xc-

¯nÂ \nb-a-km-¼-¯nI kwhn-[m-\-§-sf-t¸mepw Ata-cn-¡³ kÀ¡mÀ DS-¨p-hmÀ¯p.

aäv temI-cm-Py-§Ä t]mepw _p²n-am-µy-sa¶ {]iv\s¯ kw_-Ôn¨v, AXnsâ a\p-jy-

Xz-]-c-amb {]k-ànsb BZy-ambn Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v CS-bm-¡nb kml-N-cy-a-Xm-Wv.

Ata-cn-¡-bnse _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS A¶s¯ Ah-Øbv¡v ]cn-lmcw ImWm³

`c-W-Iq-Ss¯ bp²-Im-em-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Nen-¸n-¡p-hm³ Ata-cn-¡³ {]kn-Uâv

sNbÀam\pw asäÃm _Ô-s¸« hIp¸v sk{I-«dnamÀ AwK-§-fp-ambmWv, _p²n-am-µy-

{]iv\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v Ata-cn-¡-bnÂ t\XrXzw \ÂIn-b-Xv. Cu

{]iv\-¯nsâ Kuchw DÄs¡mv Ata-cn¡ kzoI-cn¨ Cu kp{]-[m\ \S-]Sn temIw

apgp-h³ NÀ¨ sNbvXp. temI-¯v, C¶v Gähpw D¶-X-amb am\hnI ]cn-K-W\

_p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-hÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ cmPyw Ata-cn-¡-bm-Wv.

60 hÀjw ap¼pÅ Ata-cn-¡³ kml-N-cy-amWv C¶v tIc-f-¯nÂ _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS AhØ. AXp-sImpXs¶, Cu timN-\o-b-hØ ]cn-K-Wn-

¡m³, Ch-cpsS {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-¯n\v DtZym-K-Ø-cpÄs¸-sS-bpÅ kaq-ls¯ kPo-h-

ambn Nen-¸n-¡m³, Ata-cn-¡³ {]kn-Uâv ka-nXn¡v kam-\-am-bn, tIc-f-¯nÂ Ch-cpsS

]pc-\-[n-hm-k-{]-hÀ -\-§Ä Pm{K-X-tbm-sSbpw kq£va-X-tbm-sSbpw \nÀÆ-ln-

¡p¶psh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-hm³ Hcp apJy-a{ń kanXn (Chief Minister Committee) Dm-¡p-

Ibpw, hnZym-`ymk hIp¸p a{ń, kmaq-lnI \oXn hIp¸v a{ń, BtcmKy hIp¸v a{ń,

]©m-b¯v hIp¸v a{ń, sXmgnÂ hIp¸v a{ń F¶n-hÀ AwK-§-fmbpw sk{I-«-dn-

amcpw AXXp hIp¸p Ub-d-IvSÀam-cp-sams¡ \S-¯n-¸p-¡m-cp-ambn Cu kanXn DS³

cq]o-I-cn-¨v, \ne-hnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Isf t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc \nÊ-lm-b-X-bpsS

AKm-[-amb Akz-ØX-IÄ t]dp¶ Cu henb hntij P\-hn-`m-K-s¯, kaq-l-

¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v DbÀ -W-sa¶v I½o-j³ ip]mÀi sN¿p-¶p.

136

tIkv ÌUn-

tImgn-t¡mSv PnÃ-bn-se Hcp tImS-Xn-bnÂ, _lp-am-\-s¸« PUvPn-bpsSap¼msI kPo-h-amb hmZw XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. hmZn, 16 hb-ÊpÅ _p²n-amµyw_m[n¨ s]¬-Ip-«n. {]Xn AbÂ¡m-c-\mb 63 hb-Êp-Im-c³. tIkv ssewKnI ]oU-\w. Ignª aq¶v hÀj-ambn XpSÀ¶ hmZ {]Xn-hmZ {]{In-b-Ifpw \nba \S-]Sn{Ia-§fpw C\nbpw Ah-km-\n-¨n-«n-Ã. _p²n-am-µy-apÅ s]¬Ip-«n-bpsS kwkm-chpw{]Xn-I-c-W-hp-sam¶pw \nb-a-Ú\pw A`n-`m-j-I\p-sam¶pw a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶n-Ã._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v thn-bpÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfnseA[ym-]n-Isb, s]¬Ip-«n-bpsS hm¡p-Ifpw BwKy-§fpw kwkm-c-§-fp-sams¡ hymJym-\n-¡m³ hnfn-¨n-«p-v. {]Xn-bpsS \nc-]-cm-[nXzw sXfn-bn-¡m³ A`n-`m-j-I³ FÃm-hn[ X{ -§fpw sa\-bp-¶p. At±-l-¯n\v Hä e£y-ta-bp-Åq þ XsâI£nsb Ipä-hn-ap-à-am-¡p-I. Zcn-{Z-bmb s]¬Ip«n-¡p-thn kÀ¡mÀ A`n-`m-j-I-\mWv lmP-cm-Ip-¶-Xv. Aivfo-e- p-h-bpÅ, {]Xn-bpsS A`n-`m-j-Isâ tNmZyw-sN-¿-enÂ, hnZKv² A[ym-]n-I-t]mepw Nqfn-t¸m-Ip-¶p. Ipä IrXyw sNbvX {]Xnsbhfsc IrXy-ambn tImS-Xn-bnÂ Xncn- -dn-ª s]¬Ip«n, BwKy-¯n-eqsSbp `mh-lm-hm-Zn-I-fn-eq-sS-bp-saÃmw Xm\-\p- -hn¨ ]oV\w hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, hnZKv² A[y-]nItImS-Xn¡v hni-Zn-I-cn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p. 'h¡oÂ' {]tbm-K-§-fpsS IpÂknX X{´-§-sfm-s¡, s]¬Ip-«n-bpsS a\-Ê-dn-bm-¯, Ah-fpsS AhØ Xncn- -dn-bm³ Ign-bm¯ tImS-Xn- ap-dn-bnÂ ]cn-lm-ky-amb Bkzm-Z-\-hp-ambn amdp-¶p. hymJym-\n-¡m³ h¶ A[ym-]n-I-bv¡vt]mepw am\-lm-\nbpw am\-knI ]oV-\-hp-ambn amdntImSXn apdn-bnse cwK-§Ä.

aq¶p-hÀjw-ap¼v \S¶ ssewKnI ]oV\ A\p- -hamWv. _p²n-am-µy-apÅs]¬Ip«n tImS-Xn-ap-dn-bnÂ hni-Zo-In-t¡-Xv F¶-Xp-t]mepw kmam-\y-bp-àn¡v \nc-¡p-¶-X-Ã. A¶-¶s -Imcyw t]mepw HmÀs -Sp¯v ]d-bm³ {]bmk-s -Sp¶_p²n-am-µyw _m[n¨ hyàn-bm-Wv, \nba kwhn-[m-\-¯n-\p-ap-¶nÂ, XnI¨pw A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Bfp-Ifpw A´-co-£-hp-ap-Ån-S-¯v, adp-`m-Kw, A`n-`m-j-Isâ CwKn-X-¯n-\-\p-k-cn¨v IrXy-ambn kwkm-cn-t¡-Xv!

C¶v s]mXp-th, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ s]¬Ip-«n-I-tfmSpwB¬Ip«n-I-tfm-Sp-apÅ ssewKnI AXn-{Iaw ap¼-s -¡mÄ Gsd hÀ²n- -cn-¡p-¶p.hmZn, _p²n-]-c-amb ]nt¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bp-Å-h-cm-sW-¦nÂ Ipä-hm-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨vc£-s¸-Sm³ \nb-a-¯nsâ ]gp-Xp-IÄ [mcm-f-ap- v. \nb-a-\-S-]Sn {Ia-§-fnÂ t]mepwhmZnsb AØ-{]-Ú-bm-¡p-¶, tIkp-IÄ \nc- -c-ambn \o«n-s¡m-p-t]m-Im³ ]äp¶Ht«td km[y-X-IÄ Hfn-ªp-cn-¸p-s¶v \nb-a-ÚÀXs¶ Nqn-¡m-«p-¶p.

ssewKn-Im-Xn-{I-a-§Ä DÄ¸sS, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hscam{X-ambn _m[n-¡p¶ Ht«sd khntij-amb \nba {]iv\-§Ä ASn-b-´n-c-ambn

137

tIcf kaq-l-¯nÂ ]cn-lmcw ImtW--Xm-bp-v. I½o-j³ {]hÀ -\-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v PÌnkv hn. BÀ IrjvW-¿-cpsS BioÀÆm-Z-t¯msS PÌnkv sI. kpIp-am-c³, PÌn-kv jwkq-±o³, PÌnkv cma-N-{µ³, tIc-f-¯nse {]apJ A`n-`m-j-IÀF¶n-hsc DÄs¸-Sp¯n \S-¯nb \nba kw_-Ô-amb Hcp inev]-im-e-bnÂ\n¶pwDcp-¯n-cn-ªp-h¶ {][m\ \nÀt±-iw, Ah-Imi \nb-a-§Ä \ne-hn-ep-s-¦nepw Ah-sbm¶pw Ct¸mÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v e`y-am-hm¯ C¶s¯kml-N-cys¯ Hcp {]tXyI \b-a-\-S-]-Sn-bn-eqsS and-I-S-¡-W-sa-¶m-Wv. Imc-Ww, kz´w Bh-iy-§-sfbpw Ah-Im-i-§sfbpw kw_-Ô¨v [mc-W-bn-Ãm-bva, C{XbpwIme-am-bn, \oXn \ntj-[-¯n\v hnt[-b-ambn Pohn-t¡-n-h¶ Ah-Ø, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v kmaq-ly-amb ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-fp-sSbpw hnZ-Kv²-cp-sSbpw A`mhw\ne-\n-ev¡p¶ kml-Ncyw F¶nh ]cn-K-Wn¨v _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Äkhn-ti-j-ambn¯s¶ \nb-a-]-c-ambn A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNt¿--Xm-Wv. kmaq-ly-ambnGähpw \nÊm-lm-b-cmb _p²n-]-c-amb shÃ-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \oXnbpwAh-Im-ihpw \ntj-[n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v ]ng-Np-a-¯m-hp¶ Ipä-am-hp-¶-hn[w \nb-a-§Ä ]cn-jvI-cn- -h-X-cn-¸n-t¡-Xv tIcf kaq-ls¯ kw_-Ôn¨v F{Xbpw thKw \S-¸m-t¡Hcp \oXn-bpà \S-]-Sn-bm-Wv.

138

A²ymbw 11

\mj-WÂ C³Ìn-äyq«v Hm^v Fw]vtfm-bvsa-âv Bâvs{Sbn\nwKv

(National Institute of Employment and Training)

hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ imco-cn-Ihpw _p²n-]-c-hp-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶

kaq-l-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v Ffp¸w ]cn-l-cn-¡m\m-hm¯ {]iv\taJ-e-I-fmWv

sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgn-epw. apJy-[mcm kaq-l-t¯m-sSm¸w tXmtfmSv tXmÄ

tNÀ¶v Pohn-¡m\pw, ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-sa¶ e£yw k -eo-I-cn-¡m\pw Gähpw A\n-hm-cy-

amb cv kp{]-[m\ L«-§-fmbmWv Cu cv taJ-e-I-sfbpw B[p-\nI temIw ]

cnKWn¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv. sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\hpw sXmgnepw tIhew km¼-¯nI kzm{i-b-Xz-

¯nÂ Du¶n-\n-ev¡p¶ hnj-b-§Ä am{X-a-Ã. am\-hn-I-amb A -Êv, Bßm-`n-am-\w,

BcpsS ap¶nepw hnt[-b-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡pI XpS-§nb sshb-àn-I-þ-ssh-Im-cnI hnj-b-

§-sfm-s¡, a\p-jym-h-Im-i-¯n-sâbpw Xpey Ah-k-c-§-fp-tSbpw kmI-eyXm Pohn-X-

¯n-sâbpw (Inclusive Life) e£-W-§-fm-Wv. AXp-sIm-p-X-s¶, sXmgnÂ F¶ kwÚ-

bnÂ DÅ-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, tIhew km¼-¯nI ]cn-t{]£yw am{X-a-Ã.

kl-Xm-]-¯n-sâbpw Imcp-Wy-¯n-sâ-bp-sa-Ãmw `mjm-{]-tbm-K-§Ä, C¶v hnI-

emwK ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]{In-b-bpsS imkv{Xob kao]-\-§-fn-en-Ã. Xpey Ah-k-cw, Xpey

\oXn, Xpey ]¦m-fn-¯w, Xpey Ah-Imiwþ CXnÂ Ipd-sªm¶pw B[p-\nI kaq-l-

¯n-\v, imco-cn-Ihpw _p²n-]-c-hp-ambn ]nt¶m¡w \nev¡p-¶-h-tcmSv hmKvZm\w

sN¿m-\n-Ã. imkv{Xob kmaqly \nÀ½mW {]{In-b-bnÂ C¶v apg-§n-t¡Ä¡p¶

i_vZw kmI-eym-[n-jvTnX ]p\-c-[n-hmkw (Inclusive Based Rehabilitation) F¶-Xm-Wv.

GXm-bmepw tIcf kaq-l-¯n-\v, imco-cn-I-ambpw _p²n-]-c-ambpw ]nt¶m¡w

\nev¡p¶ P\-hn-`m-K-§-tfm-Sv, ssk²mń-I-amb Cu {]X-e- nÂ\nt¶ C\n-b-t§m«v

kwh-Zn-¡m-\m-hq.

sXmgnÂ F¶Xv hyànsb kw_-Ôn¨v Ht«sd kzmX-{ý-§Ä hmKvZm\w

sN¿p-¶p-v. km¼-¯nI kzmX{ýw AXn-sem-¶p-am-{X-am-Wv. km¼-¯nI kzmX-

139

{ýs¯t¸mse-Xs¶ {][m-\-am-Wv, sXmgn-en-eqsS hyàn A\p- -hn-¡p¶ Bhn-jv¡mc

kzmX{ýw AYhm kÀ¤m-ßI kzmX-{ýw. sshbàn-I-amb A´-Êv, A`n-am\w

F¶nh Ch-sb-Ãm-ambn IqSn-t¨À¶p-Ip-S-¡p-¶p-v.

AwK-]-cnan-X-cmb hyàn-I-fpsS sXmgnÂ ss\]p-Wnsb kw_-Ôn¨v kaqlw

sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯p¶ Gsd ap³hn-[n-I-fp-v. ap³hn-[n-I-sfm¶pw {Inbm-ß-I-ambn Pohn-X-

¯n\v Hcp kw`m-h-\bpw \evIp-¶n-sÃ¶v am{X-a-Ã, Ht«sd tZmj-§Ä hcp¯n-sh-bv¡p-

Ibpw sN¿p-¶pv. \½psS kl-Po-hn-I-fm-b, shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ FÃm hn`mKw P\-

§fpw Gdntbm Ipd-tªm, sXmgnÂ]-c-amb hnj-b-¯nÂ,-km-aq-ly-amb Cu ap³hn-[n-

bpsS Cc-I-fm-Wv. at\m-`mh XS-Ê-§Ä (Attitudinal Barriers) BWv, imco-cn-I-amb ]cn-an-

Xn-I-fm-epÅ thZ-\-tb-¡mÄ Gsd Ak-l-\o-b-sa-¶v, A\p- -h-Ø-cmb ]ecpw Nq-

n¡m-«n-bn-«p-v.

a\p-jy³ C¶v A\p- -hn-¡p¶ FÃm ]cnan-XnIsfbpw AXn-Po-hn-¡p-hm-\pÅ

{]m]vXn kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy hmKvZm\w sN¿p-¶p-v. sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ taJ-e-bnepw

sXmgn-en-ep-sams¡ A\p- -hn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ {]bm-k-§Ä eLq-I-cn-¡m³ kmlm-b-I-c-

am-Ip¶ klmb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä hnI-kn-¨p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶p. AÔ-X-b-\p- -hn-¡p¶

hyàn¡v C¶v t]\-sb-Sp¯v Fgp-Xm-sX, I¼yq-«À tkm^väp-sh-b-dp-I-fpsS klm-b-

¯mÂ, i_vZ-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨v I¯p-I-f-b-bv¡m³ Ign-bp-¶p, teJ\ sagp-Xm³ ]äp-¶p.

i_vZhoNn-I-fpsS klm-b-t¯m-sS, ap¶n-ep-ff XS-Ê-§Ä Xncn- -dn-bm³ Ign-bp¶p.

A\-h-[n-bm-Wv, kmt¦-Xn-I-hnZy ap¶nÂ Xpd-¶p-sh-bv¡p¶ Ah-k-c-§Ä.

\ne-hnÂ e`y-amb kmt¦-XnI hnZym-`ymkap]-tbm-Kn-¨mÂ, C¶v sXmgnÂ cln-X-

cm-bn-¡-gn-bp¶ hen-sbmcp hn`mKw AwK-]-cnan-XÀ¡pw tPmen \ÂIm³ \ap¡v Ign-

bpw. `mh\m ]qÀ®-amb Bkq-{X-W-hpw, imkv{Xo-b-amb kao-]-\hpw ka-\z-bn-

¸n¨mÂ Cu taJ-e-bnÂ AÛp-X-§Ä kw -hn-¡pw. ]t£, C¶pw, \½psS ap¶n-eqsS

A`ykvX hnZy-\mb AÔX _m[n¨ hyàn, sXmgnÂ Is-¯m-\m-hm-sX, sXmgn-en-S-§-

fnse Ht«sd XS-Ê-§Ä AXn-Po-hn-¡m-\m-hm-sX, km¼-¯nI klmbw A`yÀ°n-¨p-

sImv PohnXw XÅn-\o-¡p-¶p-v.

140

_[n-c-cm-b, A`y-kvX-hn-Zy-cpsS Imcyhpw A{X-ip- -I-c-a-Ã. kq£vamh-tem-

I\w \S-¯n-bmÂ t_m[y-am-Ip-I, Hcp-]t£ Gähpw Kpcp-X-c-amb sXmgnÂ {]iv\-a-\p-

-hn-¡p¶ hn`mKw _[n-c-cmb hyàn-I-fm-Wv F¶mWv.

t_m[-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nepw hnth-N\ tijn-bpsS Imcy-¯n-ep-sam¶pw {]iv\-§-

fn-Ãm¯ AÔ-cp-sSbpw _[n-c-cp-sSbpw sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§-fpsS ØnXn CXm-sW-¦nÂ,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Imcyw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw IqSpÂ

timN-\o-b-am-hpw. AXp-X-s¶-bmWv \ne-hnse bmYmÀ°y-hpw. bYmÀ°-¯nÂ,

_p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcnÂ 80 iX-am\w hyàn-IÄ¡pw ssIIm-ep-I-

fpsS {]hÀ -\-§Äs¡m¶pw bmsXmcp \yq\-X-bp-an-Ã. BhÀ¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpw

A]-IS km[yX CÃm- -Xp-amb sXmgn-ep-I-fnÂ {]th-in-¡p-¶-Xn\v ChÀ¡v XS-Ê-sam-

¶p-an-Ã. k¦oÀ®-amb kmt¦-Xn-IX Hcp-]-t£, ChÀ¡v sXmgnÂ sN¿p-¶-Xn\v XS-Ê-

ambn amdn-tb-¡mw. F¶n-cp-¶m-epw, sXmgn-en-t\m-SpÅ {]Xn-]-¯n, BßmÀ°-X,

kpØn-cX F¶n-h-bn-seÃmw ChÀ km[m-c-W-¡m-cnÂ\n¶v Hcp-]Sn Db-sc-bm-sW-¶-

XmWv A\p- -hw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sN¿m-\m-hp¶ H«-\-h[n

tPmenIÄ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bnepw kz-Imcy taJ-e-bn-ep-ambn \½psS Npäp-ap- v. sNdnb

kmt¦-XnI CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ \S-¯p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen-I-fpsS F®w

C\nbpw hÀ²n-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-Xp-am-Wv. GXm-bm-epw, sXmgnÂ]-c-amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk

km[y-X-IÄ hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp-¶pv F¶p-X-s¶-bmWv hkvXp-X.

hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ hnI-em-wK-\n-b-a-¯nsâ Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« BIÀj-Ww,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v IqSn, sXmgnÂ kwh-cWw Dd-¸m-¡m³

t]mIp¶p F¶Xm-Wv. BZy-am-bmWv, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-f-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶, _p²n-

am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, am\-knI tcmKw F¶nh _m[n-

-hÀ¡v C§s\ Hcp Ah-kcw e`n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]t£ Cu Ah-k-c-s¯, {Inbm-ß-I-

ambn {]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ {]m]vXn, Cu hn`mKw C\nbpw BÀÖn-t¡--Xm-

bn«mWpÅXv. t_m[-]qÀÆhpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb {ia-¯n-eq-sS, Cusbmcp Akp-e`

Ah-k-cs¯ \ap¡v ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s -Sp-¯m-hp-¶-sX-bp-Åq. Cu Hcp ]Ým-

-ew, \s½, HmÀ½n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv, tIcf kaq-l-¯nÂ, hnI-emw-K-cmb FÃm-h-scbpw ]cn-

141

K-Wn-¨p-sIm-v, Ah-cpsS sXmgnÂ km[y-X-I-fpsS hnI-k-\w, kmt¦-XnI CS-s]-S-s]-S-ep-

I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§-fpsS hÀ²-\, F¶o hnj-b-§-fn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn, Hcp

Kth-jW Øm]-\w, F{Xbpw thKw Bcw-`n-¡-W-sa-¶m-Wv. hnI-emw-K-cpsS sXmgn-

en\pw sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\pw am{X-ambn Hcp Kth-j-Wm-[n-jvTnX tZiob Øm]-\w.

Cu Hcp Øm]-\- n-eq-sS, hnI-emw-K-cmb hyàn-IÄ C¶v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p¶

sXmgnÂ]-c-amb FÃm {]iv\-§Ä¡pw ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hp¶ kml-Ncyw Dm-I-Ww.

BÀÖn-¨p-t\-Sn-btXm AsÃ-¦nÂ kzm`m-hn-I-am-btXm Bb hnI-emw-K-cpsS

{]mKÂ`yhpw sXmgn-en-S-¯nse Bh-iy-I-Xbpw X½n-epÅ sNdnb Hcp hnS-hm-bn-

cn¡pw ]e-t¸m-gpw sXmgn-en-S- nÂ \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶-Xv. C -c-samcp XSÊw sNdn-sbmcp

]cn-io-e-\-¯n-eqsS amän-sb-Sp¡m-hp-¶-Xp-am-Wv. ]t£ B sNdn-sbmcp ]cn-io-e\

km[yX e`y-a-Ãm- -Xnsâ t]cnÂ Fs¶-t¶-¡p-am-bn sXmgnÂ sN¿m-\m-hm¯ Ah-

Ø, hnI-emw-Ksc kw_-Ôn¨v C¶v s]mXp-hm-bp-v. CXn\v ]cn-lm-c-am-bn, B[p-\nI

sXmgnÂ cwK-§-sf-¡p-dn-s¨m-s¡, [mcW ]I-cm-\pw, C¯cw tPmen-IÄ sN¿m-\p-apÅ

{]KÂ`y-ap-m-¡m\pw km[m-cW sNbvXp-h-cp¶ ^n\n-jnwKv kvIqÄ kwhn-[m-\-w tIc-f-

¯n\v ]pd¯v ]e-Ø-e-§nepw hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-¯n-h-cp-¶p-v. Hcp \mj-WÂ C³Ìn-

äyq«v sam¯w hnI-em-K-cpsS sXmgnepw sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-hp-sa¶ hnj-b-¯nÂ am{X-

aq-¶n, tIc-f-¯nÂ Øm]n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nÂ, AXnsâ KpW-êw hen-sbmcp hn`mKw

P\-§-fpsS Pnhn-Xs¯ ê-{]-Z-ambn amän-a-dn-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-bn-¡pw.

tI{µ sXmgnÂ hIp¸v a{´m-e-b-¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ, hnI-emwK hn`mK-

§Ä¡pÅ shmt¡-j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv skâÀ (VTC) Cý-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-v.

tIc-f- nse sXmgnÂ hIp¸v C -c-¯n-semcp \mj-WÂ C³Ìn-äyq«v Bcw-`n-¡p-¶Xv

F´psImpw A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb Hcp ]ptcm-K-a\ \S-]-Sn-bmhpw F¶ Imcy-¯nÂ kwi-

b-an-Ã.

- tIkv ÌUncXojv þ _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«nþ slao-¹o-Pn¡v skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn Bb

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-bm-Wv. P·-\mÂ sshIeyw kw`-hn¨ Cu Ipªv IpSpw-_-¯n\pw kaq-l-¯n\pw ap³]nÂ Hcp Xocm thZ-\-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AÑ-sâ-bpw, A½-bp-sSbpw aq¯ ]p{X-\m-b, IpSp-_-¯nsâ Xm§pw

142

XWepamtI Ipªnsâ Zb-\ob AhØ c£-IÀ¯m-¡sf aäp-Å-h-cnÂ\n¶pw Hä-s¸-Sp-¯nb PohnX kml-N-cy-¯n-te-¡mWv \bn- -Xv. Cu c£-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡v ]n¶oSv P\n¨ cp Ip«n-Ifpw (Hcm-Wpw, Hcp s]®pw) km[m-c-W-bmb Ipªp-§-fm-Wv. ]c-k-lm-b-an-ÃmsX bmsXm-cp-Im-cyhpw sN¿m³ Ign-hn-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ cXojnsâ PohnXw HmÀ¯v c£-mIÀ¯m-¡Ä

F¶pw hne-]n-¡pam-bn-cp-¶p. 7 hb-Êp-hsc Htc InS-¸n-em-bn-cp¶ Ipªn-\p-thn X§-fpsS k¼mZyw apgp-h³ sNe-h-gn¨v NnIn-Õn-¨p. 7 hbÊv Ign-ª-t¸m-gmWv Ip«n-bnÂ amäw h¶p XpS-§n-b-Xv. P\-dÂ kvIqÄ \gvk-dn-bnÂIp«nsb tNÀ¯p F¦nepw aäv Ip«n-I-fpsS ]cn-lm-khpw D]-{Z-hhpw ImcWwkvIqfnÂ t]mIm³ Ign-bmsX hcn-Ibpw ]n¶oSv 1991 Â Xncp-h-\- -]pc¯v Hcpkvs]jyÂ kvIpfnÂ tNÀ¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Znh-khpw cmhnse Ip«nsbkvIqfnÂ sImphn-Sp-Ibpw sshIp-t¶cw XncnsI ho«nÂ sImpt]m-Ip-IbpwsN¿p-¶Xv aäp-Å-hÀ ]cn-lm-k-ambn ImWp-Ibpw s]cp-am-dp-Ibpw ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-¶p. FÃmw kln¨pw XcWw sNbvXpw Ip«nsb kvIqfnÂ sIm-p-t]m-Ip-IbpwA²ym-]-I-cpsS \nÀt±ia-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sImvIp«n-bnÂ kmc-amb amä-§-Ä h¶p XpS-§n. kvIqfnÂ Ønc-ambn Ip«nbv¡v^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n-bpw, kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n-bpw, kvs]jyÂ FUyp-t¡-j\pw\ÂIn-b-Xnsâ ^e-ambn cXo-jn\v \S-¡p-hm-\pw, \¶mbn kwkm-cn-¡p-hm-\pw,AXym-hiyw th ae-bm-fw, IW-¡v, F¶nh ]Tn-¡m\pw Ign-ªp. slao-¹o-PnIv skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn DÅ Ip«n-bm-b-Xn-\mÂ Fgp-Xm³ {]bm-k-am-Wv.A£cw hyà-am-In-Ã. F¦nÂ IqSn cXojv FÃm Imcy-§fpw \¶mbn ]d-bp-hm\pw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw ]Tn-¨p. kvIqfnÂ sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w t\Snb cXo-jn\v{]n³kn-¸m-fpw addpPoh-\-¡m-cpw tNÀ¶v B¡p-f- pÅ “\njn”ÂKmÀU-\mbn Hcp tPmen icn-bm¡n sIm-Sp-¯p. Znh-khpw cXo-jn\v X\nsbt]mbn hcm³ km[n-¡ptam F¶v c£-IÀ¯m-¡Ä¡pw A²ym-]-IÀ¡pw \Ãkwi-b-ap-m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw cXo-jn-sâbpw c£-IÀ¯m-hnâbpw Bßss[cywsImv cXo-jn\v Xsâ DZyaw hnP-b- n-se-¯n-¡m³ km[n-¨p. \nÀ`m-Kysa-¶p-]-d-bs«, Cu tPmen e`n¨p F¶-dn-ª-t¸m-gmWv cXo-jnsâ ]nXm-hnsâ BI-kvan-I-am-bpÅ acWw kw`-hn-¨-Xpw. IpSpw-_-\m-Ysâ thÀ]m-Sn-\mÂ hcp-am\w \ne-bv¡p-Ibpw A\m-Y-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX Ah-Ø-bnÂ cXo-jn\vkvIqÄ A[n-Ir-XÀ Xc-s¸-Sp-¯nb tPmenbv¡v hnSW-sa¶v Xs¶ A½bpw_Ôp-¡fpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¯p.

Xsâ aq¯ aI-\mb cXo-jns\ sImv IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Npa-Xe \nd-th-äm³Ign-bp-sa¶v B A½ Hcp-¡epw Nn´n-¨n-Ã. F¶mÂ BÀ¡pw hnizm-kn-¡m³Ign-bm¯ hn[w cXojv B IpSpw-_-¯nsâ Xm§pw, XW-ep-ambn amdn-¡-gn-

ªp. ‘\njv’ A[n-Im-cn-IÄ cXo-jnsâ tPmen-tbm-SpÅ BßmÀ°-X-bpw, D -c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw a\-Ên-em¡n KmÀU³ + ]yq¬ Bbn tPmen-bnÂ ]p\À\n-b-

a\w \S-¯n. ‘\njv’ A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ km[m-cW ]uc-s\-¡mfpw hr¯n-tbm-Spw, shSn-t¸m-Spw, D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯mSpw BWv cXojvtPmen sN¿p-¶Xv F¶mWv. cXo-jnsâ IqSn {ia- -e-ambn Ipªp-s]-§-fpsShnhmlw \S-¯n-¡m³ Ign-ªp. hnhm-l-¯n\v thn cXojvXm³ tPmen sNbvXv kzcq-]n¨ XpI-bpw, ]en-i-bvs¡-Sp- -]-W-hp-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xv. AXp-am-{X-aÃ ]en-i-bvs¡-Sp¯ ]W-¯n\v ]en-i-b-S-bv¡m³Ct¸mgpw FÃm amkhpw apS-§msX 2000 cq] hoXw cXojv A½sb GÂ¸n-¡m-dp-v. IqSmsX Xma-kn-¡p¶ hoSnsâ hmS-Ibv¡pw Znh-k-sN-e-hn-\p-ambnHcp hnlnXw \ÂIp-Ibpw _m¡n XpI cXo-jnsâ Znh-tk-\-bpÅ bm{Xm

143

sNe-hn-\p-am-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. bmsXmcp kzm`mh Zqjyhpw CÃm¯

cXo-jn-s\-¡p-dn¨v ‘\njv’A[n-Im-cn-IÄ¡pw kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw, cXo-jnsâ _Ôp-¡Ä¡pw, \m«p-ImÀ¡pw \Ã aXn-¸m-Wv. cXo-jns\ hnI-emw-K-\mb Ip«n-bm-bpw, \mSn\pw, hoSn\pw bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-Ãm¯h\m-sW¶pw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-hÀ¡v cXo-jnsâ amäw Hcn-¡epw hniz-k-\o-b-a-Ãm¯

hn[w hfÀ¶ncn-¡p-¶p. icnbmw hn[w {]XyI hnZym`ym-khp-w, sXmgne-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ym-khpw \ÂIn-bmÂ _p²n sshIeyw kw`-hn¨ Ip«n-I-sfbpw \mSn-\pw, hoSn\pw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amIpw hn[w amän-sb-Sp-¡m³ km[n-¡p-sa¶v cXo-jnsâ PohnXw \s½ ]Tn-¸n-bv¡p-¶p.

144

A²ym-bw-þ12 F³tUmkÄ^m³ _m[n-X-ta-J-e-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw

(Endosulphan Affected Area and

Intellectually Challenged)

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ IoS-\m-in\n _m[nX {]tZ-i¯v DÄs -Sp¶

ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bnÂ I½o-j³ Hcp {]tXyI knänwKv \S-¯p-I-bp-m-bn.

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bmbn {]Jym]n¨ ]Xn-s\m¶v ]©m-b-¯p-I-

fnÂ \n¶pw, kao-]-{]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ \n¶pw FÃmw hen-sbmcp hn`mKw P\-§Ä

knänw-KnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯v hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ tcJ-IÄ kaÀ¸n-¨p. sam{KmÂ ]

p¯qÀ ]©m-b- p-I-fnÂ am{X-ambn Hcp knänwKpw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. Chn-Sps¯

{]iv\ _m[nX P\-§-fp-ambn kmaqly þ cmjv{Sob, kmwkvIm-cnI {]hÀ -I-cp-

am-sbÃmw hn]p-e-amb tXmXn-epÅ NÀ¨-IÄ \S-¯m\pw hnh-c-§Ä Bcm-bm\pw

km[n-¨p. cv Znh-ks¯ {]tXyI ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fmWv I½o-j³ {]hÀ -\-

§Ä¡mbn ImkÀtImUv kwL-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. Akm-[m-c-W-amb hn[-¯nÂ

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[n-X-cpsS {]iv\§Ä kPo-h-ambn Gsä-Sp¯v, hfsc

Kuc-h-t¯m-sS-bmWv kmaq-lyþ cmjv{So-b, kmwkvIm-cnI DtZym-KØ hn`m-K-

§Ä Cu hnj-b-¯nÂ DÄs -«p-h-cp-¶-Xv.

ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bnÂ s]mXpsh Akm-[m-c-W-amb hn[-¯nÂ _p²n-]-c-

amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpÄs¸-sS-bpÅ hnI-emw-K-cpsS km¶n-[y-ap-s¶p

Xs¶-bmWv hne-bn-cp-¯Â. Cu kml-N-cy¯n\v Hcp {][m\ ImcWw F³tUm-

kÄ^m³ IoS-\m-in-\n-bpsS hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-amb D]-tbm-K-am-sW¶pw ]T-\-§Ä

sXfn-bn-¡p-¶p-v. ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bn-epÅ ¹mtâ-j³ tImÀ¸-td-jsâ Iip-h-n-

145

t¯m-«- n-emWv BIm-i-¯p-\n¶pw slen-tIm-]väÀ D]-tbm-Kn¨v F³tUm-

kÄ^m³ F¶ IoS-\m-in\n {]tbm-K-ap-m-b-Xv. ImkÀtImUv PnÃ-bnse hym]-I-

amb \nc-¡n-epÅ hnI-emw-K-cpsS khn-tij km¶n-[y-¯n\v \nZm-\-am-bn,

asämcp Imc-Whpw {]Xy-£-¯nÂ Nqn-Im-Wn-¡m-\n-Ã.

ImkÀtImUv PnÃ, tIc-f-¯nse s]mXpkm-aqly hyh-Ø-bnÂ \n¶pw hyXy-

Ø-ambn Ht«sd ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ Hcp PnÃ-bm-Wv. tIc-f- nsâ

`c-Wkncm tI{µ-¯nÂ \n¶v Gsd AI¶p \nÂ¡p¶ Cu PnÃ- Hcp ]t£ C

´y-bnÂ Xs¶ Gsd `mjm sshh-[y-apÅ P\-§Ä H¶n¨p Xma-kn-¡p¶

{]tZiw IqSn-bm-Wv. hnhn[ `mj-IÄ kwkm-cn-¡p¶ hyXyØ P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä ,

PmXn þ aX, kwkvImc sshPm-Xy-§-sfms¡¯s¶, asämcp hn[-¯nÂ

kmaqly hn\n-a-b-¯n\v XS-Ê-§-fp-ap-m-¡p-¶p. s]mXpP-\m-tcmKy {]hÀ -I-

scms¡ k½-Xn-¡p¶ Hcp Imcyw `mjm sshhn-[y-§Ä BtcmKy t_m[-hÂ¡-

c-W-§Ä¡p-t]mepw {]bm-k-§Ä Dm-¡n-bn-«p-s-¶m-Wv. s]mXpsh _p²n-]-chpw

imco-cn-Ihpw amb sshI-eym-h-Øsb kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ Ah-t_m[w {]tbW

Ipd-hpÅ Hcp P\-X-bmWv ImkÀtIms« DÄ{Km-a-§-fnÂ DÅ-Xv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä t\cs¯ Is-

¯m-\p-X-Ip¶ Xc¯nepÅ ]Ým¯ kuI-cy-§Ä Gsd Ipdª {]tZ-iw.

Ct¸mgpw DÄ{K-a-§-fn-sems¡ kwØm-\-¯nsâ aäv `mK-§-sf-¡mÄ IqSp-X-

embn AÔ-hn-izm-k-§fpw A\m-Nm-c-§-fp-sams¡, akvXnjvI shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS icn-bmb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v XS-Ê-sa-t¶mWw

kaq-l-¯nÂ \ne-\nÂ¡p-¶p-v. ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb t_m[-hÂ¡-cW-¯nsâ

A\n-hm-cyX t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kml-N-cy-amWv \ne-hn-ep-Å-Xv. {Kmao-W-X-e-

¯nÂ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-h-cp¶ Btcm-Ky-{]-hÀ -IÀ¡pw, sF. kn. Un. Fkv, IpSpw-

_{io Xe-¯n-ep-sams¡, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn-

¨pÅ ]pc-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ imkv{Xo-b-amb Adnhv ]

IÀ¶p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xv, Gsd ^e-{]-Z-am-Ipw.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃn-hn-fn-I-fp-Å-hÀ¡v thn _Uvkv kvIqfp-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw,

kzImcy kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-¯nse Fkv.-F-

kv.F, sF. C. Un kvIoan-eq-sS-bp-sa-Ãmw, khn-tij hnZym-`ymkw ]IÀ¶p

146

\ÂIm-\pÅ {iaw \S-¡p-¶p-s-¦nepw, Ah-sb-Ãmw, hnhn[ Imc-W-§-fmÂ, Imcy-

£-a-amb coXn-bn-eÃ \S-¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv. F¦nÂt¸mepw A¯cw DZy-a-§Ä A`n-\-

µn-¡-s¸-tS--Xp-v.

ImkÀtImUv PnÃbnÂ \n¶pw In«nb tcJ-I-fnÂ IqSp-X-embpw kqNn-¸n-¨n-cn-

¡p¶ {][m\ Bh-iy-§Ä, F³tUm-kÄ^m³ klm-b-]-²-Xn-bnÂ, IqSp-XÂ

IpSpw-_-§sf DÄs¸Sp-¯p-I, \ne-hnÂ F³tUmkÄ^m³ klm-b-en-ÌnÂ

hcm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-hsc ]©m-b¯v AXnÀ¯n-bpsS kmt¦-XnI Imc-W-§Ä ]

dªv, klmbw \ÂIm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv XS-bp-I, k¼qÀ® ]p\-c-[n-hmk ]mt¡Pv

PnÃbv¡v apgp-h³ _m[-I-am-Ip¶ Xc-¯nÂ Bkq-{XWw sN¿p-I. a\p-jym-h-

Imi I½o-j³ F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[n-XÀ¡v \ÂI-W-sa¶p ]dª 5 e£w

cq] s]s«¶v \ÂIp-I, kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ {]Jym-]n¨ hnlnXw DS³ \ÂIp-

I. NnInÕm þ ]cn-io-e\ klm-b-§Ä IqSp-XÂ t]À¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ kml-

Ncyw krjvSn-¡p-I. \nehn-epÅ NnInÕm þ ]cn-io-e\ ]²Xn-IÄ IqSp-XÂ

ê-{]-Z-ambn \S-¸m-¡pI XpS-§n-b-h-bm-Wv.

Imk-À-tImUv PnÃ-bnÂ, F³tUm-kÄ^m³ taJ-e-bmb 11 ]©m-b-¯p-Isf

am{X-ambn B\p-Iqeyw \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ bpàn, tIhew

kmt¦-XnIw am{X-am-sW¶v, a\-Ên-em-¡m-hp-¶-tX-bp-Åp. ]t£ F³tUm-

kÄ^m³ {]iv\-¯n\v Kuchamb hnhn[ am\-§-fp-v. CsXmcp ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡-

s¸« Zpc-´-amWv F¶-XmWv {][m-\-s¸« Imcyw. \nÊ-lm-b-cmb Zcn-{Z-P-\-hn-`m-K-

§-fpsS Pohn-X-¯nÂ, IqSp-XÂ em`w {]Xo-£n¨v, hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-ambn BIm-i-

¯p-\n¶pw IoS-\m-in\n Xfn-¡p-¶-Xnse a\p-j-Xz-hncp-²-amb \S-]-Snbv¡v Hcp

\ymbo-I-c-Whpw BÀ¡pw \ÂIm-\m-hnÃ. AXp-sImv Xs¶, D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-s¸«

DtZym-K-Ø-cpsS XÂ]-cy-{]-Im-cw C -c-¯n-epÅ `c-W-IqS Zpc´w ASn-t¨Â¸n-

-Xn\v ]cn-lmcw \ÂIm³ kÀ¡mÀ _m[y-Ø-cm-Wv. ]s£ Cu sISpXn GsX-

¦nepw km¼-¯nI klmbw \ÂIn kam-iz-kn-¸n-¡m-hp¶ H¶Ã F¶-XmWv

bmYmÀ°yw. \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ Zpc- -§-fpsS òIc apJw, hni-Zo-I-cn-¡m³

t]mepw Ign-bm-¯{X òXn-P-\-I-am-Wv. ]t£, P\n-XI Zpc- -ambn AsX{X Xe-

ap-d-bn-te¡v, ]IÀ¶p-\ÂIpw F¶Xv Nnń-¡m-\m-hp¶Xn-\p-a-¸p-ds¯, {]h-Nn-

¡m-\m-hm¯ hn[-¯n-epÅ s]mÅp¶ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXpsImv Xs¶, IpSpw-

147

_-§sf Biz-kn-¸n-¡m³ \ÂIp¶, km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sSm¸w FÃm-hn[

NnIn-Õ-Ifpw ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§fpw kuP-\y-ambn \ÂIp-¶p-sh¶v Dd-

¸p-h-cp-t --Xp-v. NnIn-Õbpw, ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§fpw H¶n¨p apt¶m-«p-

sImpt]m-Im-\pÅ ]Ým- -e-ku-I-cy-§Ä Xma-kn-bmsX \S¸m-t¡--XmWv.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-sc kw_-Ôn¨v t\cs¯ Is- -epw, t\c-

s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-Sepw hfsc kp{]-[m-\-amb hnj-b-§-fm-Wv. CXn\v

klm-b-I-c-am-Ip¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ kwhn-[m-\-am-Wv, ImkÀtIm-«v ASp¯ hÀjw

{]hÀ¯\w Bc-w-`n-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ kn.-F-¨v. apl-½Zv tImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«v

t^mÀ saâen Ne-©n-Unsâ taJem tI{µw. Cu taJem tI{µ-¯nÂ, Cu

dnt¸mÀ«nsâ `mK-ambn \ÂIp¶ ip]mÀi-bnÂ, GsXms¡ hn[-¯n-epÅ kuI-

cy-§-fmWv th-sX¶v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶p-v. GXm-bmepw akvXnjv¡ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp¶ _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«nkw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw, ssiih

at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw XpS-§nb {]iv\-§Ä A\p- -hn-¡p-¶-hcpsS ]p\-c-

[n-hm-k-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§fpw sXmgnÂ ]c-amb ]p\-c-[n-hm-

k-¯n-\pÅ amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp¶ tI{µ-hp-ambn C¯cw taJem tI{µ-

§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp- -W-sa-¶Xv, {][m\ ip]mÀi-bm-Wv, Cu taJem tI{µ-¯nsâ

{]hÀ -\-§-fn-eqsS, D -c-tI-c-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-

h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v \ne-\nev¡p A]-cym-]vX-X-IÄ ]cn-l-cn-

¡m³ Ign-bpw. AtXm-sSm¸w Xs¶,ta-Jem tI{µ-¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ, FÃm

hn[ B[p-\n-I imkv{X kmt¦-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw ]n´p-W-tbm-sS, hen-sbmcp

hn`mKw hcp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS s]mXpk-aq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-

bn-tebv¡v DbÀ¯n, cmjv{S ]p\À\nÀ½m-W-¯nÂ kw`m-h-\-IÄ \ÂIm³ Ign-

bp¶ ]uc·m-cmbn hnI-kn-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bpw.

sam{KmÂ ]p¯qÀ ]©m-b-¯nÂ sh¨v \S¶ I½o-j³ knänw-KnÂ Ht«sd

hnhn[ shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ ]s¦-Sp-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. s]mXpsh

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX ]©m-b- p-I-fn-se-¶-t]mse, shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ A`n-ap-

Jo-I-cn-¡p¶-hcpsS km{µX Chn-sSbpw hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv. hnj-en-]vX-amb

IoS-\m-in\n {]tbm-K-§fpsS Cc-IÄ Xs¶-bmWv Cu ]©m-b- nse

hnhn[ Xc-¯n-epÅ tcmK-§fpw, sshI-ey-§fpw t\cn-Sp¶ P\-§-fpw. kmt¦-

148

Xn-I-amb `uanI AXnÀ¯n-bnÂ ]cn-an-X-s -Sp¶ Hcp {]iv\-amWv ImkÀtImUv

PnÃ-bnse F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]iv\-sa¶v hne-bn-cp-¯m-³ Ign-bn-Ã. AsÃ-¦n-

epw, ]mcnØn-Xn-I-amb aäv Ht«sd {]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-§Ä \ne-\nÂ¡p¶ kaq-

l-¯nÂ, GXv hn[-¯n-em-Wv, akvXn-jvI-tIm-i-§sf Hmtcm {]iv\-§fpw _m[n-

¡p-¶-sX¶v XoÀ¸v Iev n-¡m-\pÅ Adnhv imkv{X-temIw BÀÖn-¨n«p-an-Ã.

AXp-sImv Xs¶ `uam-XnÀ¯nbpsS GsX-¦nepw kmt¦-XnI imTy-§Ä sImv ,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃphn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kmaqly þ km¼-¯nI ]n

´pW ]cn-an-X-s¸-Sp-¯m-Xn-cn-¡m-\pw, Cu cwK¯v, hnth-N-\-]-c-amb kao-]-\-§Ä

Dm-hm-Xn-cn-bv¡m\pw DÅ Pm{K-Xbpw D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-s¸-«-hÀ¡v D-mth--XmWv . ]

nt¶m¡w \nÂ¡p¶ ImkÀtImUv PnÃsb sam¯¯nÂ ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv,

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Hmtcm hyàn-IÄ¡pw {]Jym-]n-¨n-cn-

¡p¶ km¼-¯nI klmbw Dd-¸p-\ÂIp-¶-tXm-sSm¸w, Hmtcm-cp- -scbpw kmaq-

lyambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v ]Ým-¯e kuIcy-§fpw Dd-¸p-\ÂtI- -Xm-

Wv.

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-ebpw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpw þip-]mÀi-IÄ

F³tUmkÄ^m³ {]tZ-iw DÄs¸-Sp¶ ImkÀtImSv PnÃ-bnÂ kn.-F-¨v.-ap-

l-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ taJem tI{µw F{Xbpw

s]s«¶v Bcw-`n-¡pI.

F³tUmkÄ^m³ _m[nX {]tZ-i-§-fnse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡p-thn sXm-gn-e[n-jvTnX tImgvkp-I-fpw, kwc-£nX sXm-

gnenS§fpw Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sXmgne-h-k-c-§Ä I- p-¶-Xn\v {]tXyI

kwhn-[m\w Dm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.

FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnKÀ`n-Wn-I-fm-Im³ t]mIp¶ FÃm

kv{XoIÄ¡pw P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \nÀ_-Ô-am-¡-Ww.

FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnÂ P\n-¡p¶ FÃm inip-¡-sfbpw

_p²n-ssh-I-eyhpw aäv {]iv\-§fpw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ FÃm Xcw

sSÌp-IÄ¡pw hnt[-b-am-¡p-I.

149

Xo{h _p²n sshIeyw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-thn imkv{Xobamb coXn-

boÂ tlmw _uv t{]mw{Kmw \S-¸n-em-¡-Ww.

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i¯v km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sSm¸w XpS§n

aäp Xc-¯n-epÅ klm-b-§fpw e`y-am-¡-Ww. (klmb D]-I-c-W-§Ä,

NnIn-Õ, acp-¶p-IÄ sshZy-k-lmbw XpS-§nbh)

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX {]tZ-i-s¯ tZiob Zpc´ taJ-e-bmbn ]cn-K-

Wn¨v _p²n- ]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v FÃm klm-b-§fpw

A\p-h-Zn-¡p-I.

F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ XpSÀ¨-bmb t_m[-hÂ¡-cW ]cn-]m-

Sn-IÄ kwLSn-¸n-¡-Ww.

F³tUmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnÂ km¼-¯nI klm-b-§Ä \ÂIp-

t¼mÄ

AXv icn-bmbn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

150

A²ym-bw-þ13

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-kw þ B[p-\nI temIm\p- -h-

§-fpw Cý-\-h-Øbpw( Rehabilitation of Persons with Intellectual Challenges – Modern

Global Experiences and Indian Context)

tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-ks¯

kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ ]T-\-¯nsâ `m-K-am-bn, temI-¯nse hnhn[ cmPy-§-fnÂ Cu taJe-

bnÂ \S-¶p-h-cp¶ {]hÀ -\-§Ä I½o-j³ At\z-jn-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. AtXm-sSm¸w

Xs¶, Cý-bnÂ aäp kwØm-\-§-fnse AhØbpw ]cn-tim-[-\bv¡v hnt[-b-am-¡n.

Cý-bnÂ Cu cwK¯v {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ hnZ-Kv²-cmb hyàn-IÄ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p-¶-

Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb Isd \nÀt±-i-§Ä \evIn klm-bn-¨p. temI-¯m-sI, shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS imkv{Xob ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v amÀ¤-\nÀt±i tcJ-

bmbn C¶v hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xv, hnI-emw-K-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ sFIy-

cmjv{S k -bpsS tcJ-bm-Wv (UNCRPD). B[p-\nI Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]Ým- -e-¯nÂ

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ hyàn-bp-tSbpw IpSpw-_-¯n-sâbpw {]iv\-§Ä kq£va-ambn

]cn-tim-[n-¨mWv sFIy-cm-jv{S-k` C -c-samcp Ah-Im-i-tcJ ]pd-s¸-Sp-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-

Xv. sFIy-cm-jv{S-k`bpsS hnI-emwK Ah-Imi tcJ A£-cmÀ°-¯nÂ \S-¸nÂ hcp-

¯m³ Cýbpw C¶v _m[y-Ø-am-Wv.

hnI-emw-K-cpsS Ah-Im-i-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ sFIy-cm-jv{S-k- m-tc-J-bpsS

Nph-Sp-]n-Sn-¨m-Wv, C\nbpw ]mÀesaâv ]mÊm-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ 'hnI-em-K-\n-baw 2012' sâ

{Um^väv X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu \nb-a-¯nsâ {Um^vänÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-

151

fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« Gsd-¡psd FÃm hnj-b-

§fpw ]cn-K-W-\bv¡v h¶n-«p-v.

sFIy-cmjv{S k -bp-sS-Xs¶ ap³{]-Jym-]-\-§-fmb '_nhmt¡m antÃ-\nbw

t{^whÀ¡'v, 'kÂam³I {]Jym-]\w' XpS-§n-b-h-bnÂ ]cm-aÀin-¡-s¸« ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf-

t¸mepw AXn-Po-hn-¨p-sIm-pÅ IqSp-XÂ ka-{K-amb Hcp {]Jym-]-\-sa-¶-\n-e-bv¡m-Wv,

temI cmjv{S-§Ä bp.-F³.-kn.-BÀ.-]n.-Un.-sb ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-h-cp-¶-Xv. B[p-\nIhÂ¡-cn-

¡-s¸« Hcp kaq-ls¯ kw_-Ôn-¨v, hnI-emwK kaq-l-¯nsâ Ah-Im-i-§Ä F{X-bp-

ws]-s«-¶p-Xs¶ A\p-h-Zn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯v, kaq-l-¯nsâ apJy-[m-c-bn-te¡v Ahsc IqSn

I®n-tNÀ¡pI F¶-Xv, Ah-Im-im-[n-jvTnX `c-W-L-S\m _m[y-X-bm-bmWv Icp-Xp-¶-Xv.

hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fnÂXs¶ {]tXyI {i²bpw ]cn-K-W-\bpw Bh-iy-apÅ hn`m-K-

sa¶ \ne-bv¡v, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]cn-c-£-sb-¶-Xv, ]c-a-

{]-[m\ hnj-b-ambn temI-cm-Py-§-sfÃmw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-h-cp-¶p-v.

I½o-j³ dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p-¶-Xnsâ `mK-am-bn, hnhn-[-cm-Py-§-fnse Cu taJ-

e-bn-epÅ A\p- -h-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Bcm-b-en\v adp-]-Sn-bm-bn, ate-jy, ku¯v tImdn-

b, P¸m³, bp.-F-kv. F., CwKvf-v, PÀ½\n F¶o-cm-Py-§-fnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§Ä hni-Zo-I-cn-¨p-sIm-pÅ adp-]-Sn-IÄ

e`y-am-bn. C¡m-cy-¯nÂ FÃm cmPy-§fpw ]n´p-SÀ¶p-h-cp-¶-Xv, sFIy-cm-jv{S-k- -bpsS

\nÀt±-i-§Ä¡-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ ]p\-c-[n-hmk \S-]-Sn-{I-a-§-fm-Wv. FÃm cmPy-§-fnepw

hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fnÂX-s¶, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-

§Ä¡v Gsd {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶p-v. Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy-\m-Sp-I-fnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-kþ ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-amb

Ht«sd amXr-I-IÄ ImWm-\m-Ipw. t\cs¯ Is¯n t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-S-

ep-IÄ \njvIÀj--tbm-sS -\-S- p¶ Xc-¯nÂ "]_vfn-¡v' tem IÀ¡-i-ambn \S-¸m-¡p-

¶p-v. ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-am-bmWv FÃm Ah-Im-i-§fpw shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v

{]tXy-In¨pw _p²n]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.

khn-tij hnZym-`ymk tI{µ-§-fnÂ (Special Education Centres) _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kuP-\y-am-bmWv ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS ]qÀ®-

amb ]¦m-fn¯w ]cn-io-e\ {]hÀ -\-§-fnÂ \njvIÀjn-¡p-¶p- v. AtXm-sSm¸w

152

Xs¶, k¼qÀ®-amb tcJ-IÄ Hmtcm ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-¡pw- \nÀº-Ô-hp-am-Wv. ]

T-\-]-c-amb ]cn-tim-[-\, ]mTy-{Iaw X¿m-dm-¡Â, hyàym-[n-jvTnX ]cn-io-e\ ]²Xn

X¿m-d-¡Â F¶o taJ-e-I--sfÃmw D -c-hm-Z-s -«-hÀ \nb-a-]-c-ambn sNt¿ _m[y-X-

bmbmWv kÀ¡mÀ ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. bp.-F-kv- Â Ccp-]-s¯m¶v hb-Ên\v tijw

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc sXmgnÂ]-c-ambn ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-

Xn\v hn]p-e-amb \nba ]n´pW \ne-hn-ep-v. arXp-þ-anX shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc,

AhÀ¡v sN¿m-hp¶ tPmen-IÄ kao] {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ e`y-am-sW-¦nÂ, C¯cw hyàn-

IÄ¡v tPmen \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v ap³K-W\ \ÂI-W-sa¶v ']»nIv tem BIvSv' A\p-im-

kn-¡p-¶p. Xo{h-þ-Xo£vW _p²n-am-µy-ap-Å-hsc dolm-_n-en-tä-j³ tI{µ-§-fnÂ ]qÀ®-

ambpw kuP-\y-ambn Xma-kn-¸n¨v Bh-iy-amb tkh-\-§Ä Dd-¸p-h-cp- -W-sa¶Xv

\nb-a-]-c-amb \n_-Ô-\-bm-Wv.

ate-jy, ku¯vsIm-dn-b, P¸m³, F¶o cmPy-§-fnse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ tkh\w Gsd sa -s¸-«-Xm-Wv. {]iv\w t\cs¯ Is- n, hnZ-

Kv²-cpsS CSs]-SÂ Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn-\v, Cu cmPy-§Ä ImWn-¡p¶ IWn-iX khn-

tij {i²-bm-IÀjn-¡p-¶p. GsX-¦nepw Xc-¯n-epÅ sshIeyw t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-N-

cn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡-pI-bpw sN¿p¶ Imcy-¯nÂ Btcm-Ky-h-Ip¸v ImWn-¡p¶

D -c-hm-ZnXzw Akm-[-c-W-am-Wv. c£n-Xm-¡sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, C¯cw Ip«n-IÄ, kz´-

ambn Hcp _m[y-X-bmbn A\p- -h-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m-\p-ff kq£va-Xbpw {i²bpw Cu

cmPy-§Ä henb D -c-hm-Zn-Xz-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶p. Ata-cn-¡³ sFIy-\m-Sp-If-nepw

ate-jy, ku¯v sImdn-b, P¸m³ F¶o cmPy-§-fpw shÃp-hn-fnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡p th-

n {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ ]cn-io-e-IÀ¡pw A[ym-]-IÀ¡pw \Ã \ne-bn-epÅ kmaq-ly-]-cn-K-

W\ \ÂIm³, _ -{i-²-cm-Wv. C´y-bnÂ\n-¶pÅ Ht«sd hnZ-Kv²À DbÀ¶ i¼-

fhpw aäv B\q-Iq-ey-§fpw {]Xo-£n¨v Cu cmPy-§-fn-te¡v tPmen-tXSn t]mbn-t¡m-n-cn-

¡p-¶p.

CwKvf-nse kml-Ncyw Iptd-¡qSn sa -s -«-Xm-Wv. kmaq-ly-amb FÃm kpc-£n-

X-Xzhpw shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-_-§Ä¡pw \evIm³, AXoh

Pm{KX ]peÀ¯p¶p Cu cmPyw. C¯cw shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-Isf {]tXy-In-

¨v, _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hn-fn-t\-cn-Sp¶hsc, Ah-cpsS IqSp-XÂ Zpcn-X-]qÀ®-amb

153

Ah-Øsb ]cn-K-Wn-¨v, Ah-cpsS cmjv{S kz¯m-bm-Wv, ]cn-K-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. amXm-]n-Xm-

¡-fm-cpw-X-s¶, C¯cw Hcp Ipªp-]n-d¶p F¶-Xp-sIm-v, `uXn-I-amb Fs´-¦nepw ]

cn-an-Xn-IÄ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡-cpXv F¶ \njvIÀjbv¡v bp.-sI. IqSp-XÂ Du¶Â

\ÂIp-¶p-v. c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS IÀ½-ti-jn-bnÂ, C -c-samcp Ipªnsâ P\\w sImv

GsX-¦nepw hn[-¯nÂ Ipd-hp-kw- -hn-¡-cp-sX¶ IWn-kX, tÌäv sh¨p-]p-eÀ¯p-

Ibpw Ipªp-§Ä¡m-h-iy-amb FÃm-hn[ BtcmKy hnZym-`ymk kuI-cy-§-fpw-

kÀ¡mÀ Dd-¸p-\ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. kmaqly kpc-£n-X-Xz-¯nsâ Imcy-¯nepw

amXr-Im-]-c-amb kao-]-\-amWv t]mXpsh FÃm cmPy-§fpw ]men-¨p-t]m-cp-¶Xv. Hcp

km[m-cW Ipªn-sâ c£n-Xm-hn-ep-]cn Fs´-¦nepw {]bmk-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶pthm

F¶ At\z-j-W¯n\v CwKvf-nse Z¼-Xn-I-fpsS adp]Sn, cmPy¯v R§-fpsS Ipªv ]

qÀ® kpc-£n-XbmWv F¶pw, Hcp hn[-¯n-epÅ kmaq-lyhpw km¼-¯n-I-hp-amb

k½À±-§Ä A\p- -h-s -«n-«n-sÃ-¶pw, Hcp kvs]jyÂ Ipªnsâ c£n-Xmhv F¶ \ne-

bnÂ kmaq-ly-ambn A[nI ]cn-K-W-\bpw _lp-a-Xnbpw e`y-am-Ip¶p F¶pamWv ]d-

ª-Xv. C¯cw Ipªp-§-fpsS P\\w sImp-m-Ip-¶, am\-knI kwLÀj-§-f\p- -hn-¡p-

¶-hsc, kmaqly kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-¸p-\-evIp-¶-Xn-eq-sS, F§s\ kwXr-]vX-amb Pohn-

X-¯n-te¡v DbÀ¯mw F¶-Xnsâ DZm¯ amXr-I-I-fmWv, ]e hntZ-i-cm-Py-§-fn-sebpw

A\p-`hw ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

C´y-bnÂ aäv kwØm-\-§sf kw_-Ôn-¨v, alm-cm-jv{S, BÊmw, Nne hS¡p-In-

g-¡³ kwØm-\-§Ä, UÂln, tKmh, F¶n-hn-S-§-fn-sem-s¡, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-

IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n-\mbn \Ã \ne-bnÂ _UvPäv hnlnXw A\p-h-

Zn-¡p-¶p-v. aäv hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fmb AÔÀ, _[n-cÀ, Ne\ sshI-ey-ap-Å-hÀ

XpS§nb-hÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh-\-§-sfm-s¡, hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\pw ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-

¯n\pw DÄ¸-sS, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw e`yam-Ip-¶p- v. alm-cm-

jv{S-bnepw BÊm-an-ep-sam-s¡, kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v \Ã \ne-bn-epÅ

tkh-\-þ-th-X\ hyh-Ø-bm-Wp-Å-Xv. tIc-f-¯nÂ, _p²n-amµyw kw -hn- -h-cpsS

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{ -W- n-emWv {]hÀ¯n-¨p-

h-cp-¶-Xv. kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ¡pÅ cPn-kvt{S-j³ \ÂIp-¶Xv, s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk

hIp-¸m-Wv. hÀjw-tXmdpw tI{µ kmaq-ly-\oXn a{´m-e-b-¯nÂ\n¶pw 54 kvIqfp-

154

IÄ¡v {Kâv e`y-am-Ip-¶p. 275 kÀ¡mÀ AwKo-IrX kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ tI{µ

{Kmâv e`y-am-Ip¶ 54 kvIqfp-IÄ Hgn¨v _m¡n-h-cp¶ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄs¡Ãmw-

IqSn hmÀjnI {Kmâp-Xp-I-bmb 10 tImSn cq] Ip«n-I-fp-tSbpw Poh-\-¡m-cp-tSbpw

AwK-kwJy A\p-k-cn¨v hoXn-¨p-\evIp-¶p.

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnse

hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Hcp kwhn-

[m-\hpw C¶v \ne-hn-en-Ã. Hcp GIo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xntbm AwKo-IrX ]mTy {Iatam e`y-

a-Ã. s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ Iogn-epÅ 'tÌäv Iu¬knÂ t^mÀ FUyq-t¡-j³

Bâv dotkÀ¨v' (SCERT) _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvs]jyÂ

kvIqfp-IÄ¡p-thn Hcp ]mTy-]-²Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m-\pÅ {ia-¯n-em-Wv.

~Hcp GIo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw ]mTy-{I-ahpw \ne-hnÂ hcn-I-bpw, _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnse A¡m-Z-an-Ihpw `c-

W-]chpamb {]hÀ -\-§Ä s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk hIp-¸nsâ \nb-{´-W-¯nÂ {]hÀ¯n-

¡p-¶, kzbw-`cW Øm]-\-amb kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-

t¯msS BIp-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mÄ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS

hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä¡v tIc-f-¯nÂ Hcp Nn«bpw ASp-¡p-ap-m-¡p-hm³ Ign-bpw.

{]iv\-a-\p- -hn-¡p¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw kao]n-¡m-hp¶ coXn-bnepw {]iv\-§Ä t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cn-

te¡v F¯m-hp¶ hn[-¯n-ep-amWv Dt±-in-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ

kwhn-[m-\w.

kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ \mev taJem tI{µ-§-fp-ambpw tkm^väv

shbÀ aptJ-\, A¡m-Z-anI {]hÀ -\-§fpw `c-W-]-c-amb {]hÀ -\-§fpw Hcp

CâÀs\äv klm-b-t¯msS _Ôn-¸n-¨v, kwØm\ {]hÀ -\-§Ä GtIm-]n-¸n-¡m\pw

t{ImUo-I-cn-¡m\pw AtXm-sSm¸w tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nse hnZ-Kv²-cpsS klm-b-t¯m-sS,

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfpIÄ¡pw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡pw A[ym-]-IÀ¡p-saÃmw amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-

§Ä \evIm\pw Ign-bpw. hfsc kpXm-cy-hpw, BÀ¡pw ]cntim[n-¡m-hp¶ hn[-

¯nepw Hmtcm Ip«n-bp-sSbpw A¡mZanI \ne-hm-chpw A[ym-]\ \ne-hm-c-hp-

sams¡ GsXm-cmÄ¡pw e`y-am-Ip¶ hn[-¯nepw kwhn-[m-\w-sN-¿m³ Ign-bpw. A -

c-samcp kpXmcy kwhn-[m\w kz´-amb Bh-iy-§-sf-¡p-cn¨pw Ah-Im-i-§-sf-¡p-

155

dn¨pw [mc-W-bn-Ãm¯ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨v A\n-

hm-cy-am-Wv.

156

tIc-f- nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS {]iv\-§Ä ]Tn-bv¡p¶

Fw.-sI.-P-b-cmPv I½o-j³ ip]mÀiIÄ

1. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-sb¶ Kpcp-X-c-amb akvXn-jvI-{]-iv\-apÅ Ip«nI-

fpsS P\\w XS-bp-¶-Xn\v {]mY-an-I, ZznXo-b, {XnXob {]Xn-

tcm[ amÀ¤§Ä (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Preventive Measures) ià-

ambpw Imcy-£-a-ambpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.

2. KÀ`n-WnI-fmbhÀ¡v BZy-L«w apXÂ IrXy-ambn tcmK-{]-Xn-

tcm[ Ip¯nsh-bv p-IÄ \ÂIp¶p F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ Bim-

hÀt¡gvkv, tPymXnkv, {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µ¯nse anUv ssh^p-amÀ

F¶nh-cpsS tkh\w IqSp-XÂ Imcy-£-a-am-¡-Ww.

3. P·-\m-bpÅ sshI-ey-§Ä Xncn-¨-dnªv hnZKv² CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ¡v

{]tXyIkwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp-¯Ww. ChÀ¡mbn {]tXyI ¢n\n-¡p-IÄ

{]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI{µ§Ä apXÂ XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.

4. KÀ`-[m-c-W-¯n-\p-ap-¼mbn A½-amÀ¡v P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \ÂIp-

¶Xn\v {]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-tI-{µw apXÂ Xs¶ kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-

¡Ww.

5. Iuam-c-{]m-b-¯n-epÅ B¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw, s]¬Ip-«n-IÄ¡pw sshI-ey-

apÅ Ipªp-§fpmhm-\pÅ km[y-X-Isf {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ



Npa-Xes¸Sp- -Ww.

6. _p²n-amµyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih

at\m-tcm-Kw, ]T\ sshI-ey-§Ä F¶o akvXnjv¡ {]iv\-§Ä {Iam-Xo-X-

ambn hÀ²n-¨p-h-cp¶ tIc-fob kml-Ncyw imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-

¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb Kth-j-W-tI{µw tIc-f-¯nÂ Øm]n-¡-Ww.

7. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bpsS km{µX \nÀ®-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ \ne-hn-epÅ

{]mam-WnI ]cn-tim-[\m amÀ¤-§Ä ( Standardised Assessment Methods)

IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp¯v \nÀ®-b-coXn F§s\ eLq-I-cn-¡m-sa¶v taJ-e-

bnse hnj-b-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hnZ-Kv²-cpambn Atem-Nn-¨v,

imkv{Xobhpw F¶mÂ k¦oÀ®X Ipd-ª-Xp-amb amÀ¤-¯n-eqsS

157

F{Xbpw thKw shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ FÃm-hÀ¡pw hnI-emwK kÀ«n-

^n-¡äv e`y-am-Ip-¶-Xn-\pÅ Ah-kcw ASn-b-´n-c-ambn Dm-¡-Ww.

8. _p²n-amµyw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, Hm«n-kw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw F¶o Ah-

Ø-IÄ ]qÀ®-ambpw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn imkv{Xo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-¨n-«n-Ãm-

-Xn-\mÂ, Cu hn`m-K-¯n\v {]iv\w \nÀ®-bn¨v BPo-h-\m´ hnI-emwK

kÀ«n-^n-¡äv \ÂI-Ww.

9. Cu ]T\ dnt¸mÀ«nÂ ip]mÀi-sN-bvXn-cn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-

I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tIµ-¯nsâ

amÀ¤-\nÀt±it¯msS Xt±i kzbw-`-cW Øm]-\§Ä hgn GÀfn

CsâÀsh³ skâdpIÄ XpS-t§--Xm-Wv.

10. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS s]cp-amä {]iv\-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-

¡p-¶-Xn\v Xmeq¡v Xe-¯nÂ dolm-_n-en-tä-j³/¢n\n-¡Â sskt¡m-f-

Pn-Ìnsâ tkh\w Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.

11. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ Ign-hp-

IÄ¡pw {]mY-anI IrXy-§Ä¡papÅ ]cn-io-e-\w F{Xbpw t\cs¯

Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. hoSp-I-fnÂ sh¨v ]cn-io-e\w \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ ]cn-io-e\

]mt¡-Pp-IÄ UnPn-äÂ kmt¦-Xn-IX, CsâÀs\äv, F¶n-h-bn-eqsS hoSp-I-

fnse Iw]yq-«À, Sn.hn hgn e`y-am-¡-Ww. CXn-\pÅ kwhn-[m\w

kwØm\ D¶-X-Xe tI{µw {][m-\-tI-{µ-am¡n kn.-Un-äv, knUm¡v

sF.-Sn.-an-j³ Ch-bpsS klm-b-t¯msS \S-¸m-¡Ww.

12. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-Ä¡v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ am\-kn-

Im-tcm-Ky-a-cp-¶p-IÄ kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-

cn-¡-Ww.

13. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, Hm¡p-t]-j-

WÂ sXdm-¸n, kv]o¨v sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bv¡pÅ kuI-cy-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-

¶-Xn\v \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.

14. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v t\c-s -bpÅ hnZKv² CS-s]-S-

en-t\m-sSm¸w Bh-iy-amb klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

15. tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ (_p-²n-ssh-I-eyw,

Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ssiih at\m-tcm-Kw)

Ch-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-

158

§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µw F{Xbpw s]s«¶v

Øm]n-¡-Ww.

16. kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\pw \nco-

£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb amÀ¤-\nÀt±-i-§Ä \ÂIp-¶-Xn\pw

kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯nÂ \nc-ć ]cn-tim-[-\-

IÄ \S-t --Xm-Wv.

17. kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¨p-sImncn-¡p¶

Ip«n-IÄ¡p-thn BtcmKy hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS kv]o¨v sXdm-¸n,

Hm¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-bÀ sXdm¸n

Ch \ÂI-Ww.

18. kaq-l-¯n\v hne-s¸« tkh\w \ÂIp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡m-bpÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-À¡v aäp kam\

kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS tkh-\þthX\ hyh-Ø-IÄ ASn-b-

ń-c-ambn \ÂIWw. am\y-amb thX\w e`n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv, hnZym-`ymk

{]hÀ¯\w KpW-]-chpw ê-{]-Z-hp-amb Hcp {]{Inb AÃm-Xm-¡p-Ibpw

BXy-ń-I-am-bn AXv Ip«n-I-fpsS ASn-Øm\ Ah-Imi ewL-\hpw

Poh-\-¡m-cpsS \oXn \ntj-[-hp-ambn ]cn-Wan-¡p-I-bpw sN¿pw.

19. hnI-emwK \nbaw 1995 (PWD Act 1995) A\p-im-kn-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ am\-

Z-WvU-§Ä ]m-en-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-am{Xsa ]n.-U-»q.Un cPn-kvt{S-j³

\ÂImhq.

20. ]cym-]vX-amb ASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§-fpÅ kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-IÄ¡v

IrXy-amb am\-Z-WvU§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ Fbn-UUv ]Zhn

\ÂIWw.

21. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Htc-Io-IrX ]mTy-]-²-

Xn-bpw, ]T-\-co-Xnbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.

22. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS kvIqfp-I-fnÂ

A²ym-]IþA-²ym-]-tI-Xc hnZymÀ°n A\p-]mXw sshI-ey-¯nsâ Xo{h-

X-b-\p-k-cn¨v \nÀh-Nn-¡p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-c-W-ambn Poh-\-¡m-cpsS

F®w \nÝbn-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

23. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡m-bpÅ kvIqfp-IÄ X½n-

epÅ Zqc-]-cn[n FÃm-Xcw Ip«n-IÄ¡pw ê-{]-Z-amb tkh\w e`n-¡p¶

hn[-¯nÂ ]men-t¡XmWv

159

24. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS kvIqfp-I-fnÂ Ah-

cpsS ka-{Khn-I-k-\-¯n\v Bh-iy-amb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-§fpw

sXdm-]yq-«nIv klmb D]-I-c-W§fpw Ds¶v Dd-¸m-¡-Ww..

25. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ym-k-¯nsâ ]ptcm-K-Xn-

bpsS HmtcmL-«¯nepw c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v \nco-£n-¡mhp¶ Xc-¯nepw

Bh-iy-am-sW¦nÂ CS-s]-SÂ \S¯m-hp¶ hn[-¯nepw hnZym-`ymk k{¼-

Zmbw kpXm-cy-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

26. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÄs¸sS FÃm hnI-emwK hn`m-K-§-fp-

sSbpw hnZym`ym-ks¯ Hc-[ym-b-ambn DÄs¸-Sp¯n tIcf hnZym-`ymk

N«w ]cn-jv¡cn-¡-Ww. .

27. _Uvkv kvIqfp-I-fnepw kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fn-epw s]mXp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-

fnepw \ne-hn-epÅ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Bh-iy-amb tbmKyX CsÃ¦nÂ

tbmKyX BÀÖn-¡m-\pÅ ka-b-]-cn[n \ÂIn aäp kam\ kvs]jyÂ

kvIqÄ (A-Ô-þ-_-[n-c) Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v e`y-am-Ip¶ tkh\ thX\

hyhØIÄ Dd¸m-¡-Ww.

28. Bb-amÀ¡pw, kvs]jyÂ kvIqÄ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡pw Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn v ASn-

Øm\ [mcW Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bnÂ AwKo-IrX ]mTy-]-²-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb

{lkz-Ime ]cn-io-e\w \ÂI-Ww.

29. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ kÀ¡mÀ

AwKo-I-cn-¡p¶ IrXy-amb amÀ¤-tc-J-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb A²ym-]I, c£-IÀXr

kwL-S\ \nÝ-b-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.

30. {]tXyI hnZym-`ymkam-bmepw kwtbm-Pn-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-bm-epw, _p²n-]-

camb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS hyàn-KX ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v

(sF.C.]n) {]m[m\yw \ÂI-Ww. ^e-{]-Z-amb hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\,v sF.-

C.-]n. F¶Xv Hmtcm Ip«n-bp-tSbpw ASn-Øm\ hnZym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-tc-J-

bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-¡-Ww.

31. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ kvIqfp-IÄ GXv kwhn-[m-\-

¯nsâ DS-a-Ø-X-bn-em-bmepw hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä \nb-{´n-¡p-

¶Xv hnZym-`ymk hIp-¸m-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

32. khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-epw, kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ym-k-¯nepw DÄs¸-

Sm¯ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn- t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-

tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n-\pÅ kuIcyw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

160

33. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ A\u-]-Nm-cnI khn-

tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\v \mj-WÂ Hm¸¬ kvIqÄ amXr-I-bnÂ

{]tXyI ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bpw, ]co-£-bpw, kÀ«n^n-¡äv \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ

kwhn-[m-\hpw Dm-bn-cn¡Ww.

34. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn _m[n¨ Ip«n-I-fpsS imco-cnI sshI-ey-§Ä adn-I-S-

¡m³ km[n¡p¶-co-Xn-bn-epÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-cW kwhn-[m-\-§Ä

kvIqfpIfnÂ Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

35. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th sXdm-¸n-IÄ e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn\v

GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ apXÂ thmt¡-j-WÂ bqWo-äp-IÄ hscbpÅ

kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

36. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn-bpÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡p-th klmb D]-I-c-W-§fpw ikv{X-

{In-b-Ifpw kuP-\yambn e`y-am-¡-Ww.

37. _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯nsâ hym]vXn

A\p-k-cn¨v ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw, ]T-\-co-Xn-Ifpw (DZm-l-c-W-ambn _lp-Xe

C{µob kao-]\w AYhm aÄ«nsk³kdn At{]m¨v) \S-¸m-¡-Ww.

38. Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Krlm-[n-jvTnX (tlmw_uv)

t{]m{Kmw IqSp-XÂ ià-ambn \S-¸m-t¡--Xm-Wv. sXdm¸n-Ìnsâ tkh\w

IqSn e`y-am-¡p¶ hn[-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡Ww CXv Bkq-{XWw sNt¿--Xv.

39. skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _p²n-ssh-I-eyw, _lp-ssh-Ieyw Ch DÅ-hÀ¡v ]

cn-lmc ikv{X-{In-bbpw (Id-IvSohv kÀPdnbpw) klm-b-D-]-I-c-W-§fpw

kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.

40. _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS C{µnb {]tNm-Z-\-¯n-\mbn B[p-\nI

kmt¦-XnI hnZy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-Ibpw ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v sXdm-¸n-Ìp-I-

fpsS tkh\w e`y-am-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

41. Xo{h _lp-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡,v DZm-l-c-W-ambn _[n-cm-Ô-X-bpÅ

Ip«n-IÄ¡v am{X-ambn ]Ým-¯e kuI-cy-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn hnZym-`ym-k-þ-]-cn-

N-cW tI{µ-§Ä kÀ¡mÀ XpS-§p-Itbm AsÃ-¦nÂ kzImcy taJ-ebv¡v

Bcw-`n-bv¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ k¼qÀ®klmbw Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.

42. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS sshI-ey-¯n\v A\p-k-cn-¨pÅ

A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bn-epw, ]mT-]p-kvX-I- nepw \nÀ_Ô-am-

¡-Ww.

43. ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-¯nÂ DÄs¸-Sp-¯m³ Ign-bm¯{X Xo{h-amb

]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS ]co-£-bpsS hnj-b-§Ä \nÝ-

161

bn-¡p-¶-XnÂ DZm-camb kao-]\w Dm-hWw (DZm: IW-¡n-\p-]-Icw

I¼yq«À AsÃ-¦nÂ sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnj-b-§Ä)

44. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅ Ip«n-Isf IrXy-ambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw hne-bn-cp¯n

Ah-cpsS ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-¯nsâ coXn-bpw, kz`m-hhpw Is-¯p-¶-Xn\v

imkv{Xob kwhn-[m\w kvIqfp-I-fnÂ Dm-bncn-¡-Ww.

45. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÄs¸sS Ip«n-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v

s]m-Xp-hnZymeb-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v [mc-W -e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Sn Sn

kn, _n.-F-Uv, Fw. FUv ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bnÂ Hcp t]¸-dmbn Cu hnjbw

DÄs -Sp- -Ww.

46. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-apÅhcpsS ]p\-c-[n-hm-k-¯n\v {]tXyI kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-

cn-¡-Ww. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-Å-hÀ¡v sF.Sn-sF, t]mfn-sS-Iv\n-¡v, F³Pn-\n-

b-dnwKv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ss^\mSvkv tImtf-Pp-IÄ, ssIs¯mgnÂ ]cn-io-

e\ tImgvkp-IÄ XpS-§n-b-h-bnÂ \nÝnX iX-am\w kwh-cWw Dd-¸p-h-cp-

-Ww.

47. ]T-\-ssh-I-ey-ap-ÅhÀ¡v A`n-cp-Nn-¡-\p-k-cn-¨pÅ sXmgnÂ kwhcWw Dd-

¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

48. ]T\ sshI-ey-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ]co£ Fgp-Xp-¶-Xn-\v, Ah-cpsS ]cn-an-Xn-

IÄ ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sImv {]mKÛyw sXfn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kvss{I_v DÄs¸-sS-

bpÅ klm-b-§Ä e`y-am-hp-s¶¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww. Cu kwhn-[m\w

AhÀ lmP-cm-¡p¶ FÃm tbmKyXm ]co-£-IÄ¡pw _m[-I-am-¡-Ww.

49. GÀfn CsâÀsh³j³ bqWn-äp-I-fnÂ Hm«nkw \nÀ®-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

kwhn[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

50. khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw, s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«n-k-

apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Hm«n-k-¯nÂ {]tXyI ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨ A²ym-]-I-cpsS

tkh\w e`y-am-¡-Ww.

51. s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fn-epw, khn-tij hnZym-e-b-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ Hm«nk-

ap-ff Ip«n-IÄ¡mbn {]tXyIw dntkmgvkv dpw kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-t¡--

XmWv

52. ssiih at\m-tcmKw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\v Xmeq-¡m-ip-]{Xn Xe-¯n-se-

¦nepw sskIym-{Sn¡v tkh\w Dm-bn-cn-¡Ww

53. ssiih at\m-tcm-Ks¯¡pdn¨v [mcW Dm-Ip-¶-Xn-\mbn \ne-hn-epÅ

kvIqÄ Iu¬-kn-te-gvkn\v ]cn-io-e\w \ÂIp-Ibpw Iu¬kn-eÀamÀ \ne-

hn-en-Ãm¯ kvY-e-§-fnÂ Ahsc \nb-an-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

162

54. ssiih at\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn\pw Ahsc \nco-£n-

¡p-¶-Xn\pw ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pambn sskIym{So hmÀUn-t\m-Sp-tNÀ¶v

Xmeq¡v Bip-]{Xn Xew apXÂ Hcp ¢n\n¡v Dmbn-cn-¡-Ww.

55. ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf apJy-[mcm hnZym-`ymk coXn-tbm-sSm¸w


\ÂI-Ww.

56. ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-Isf ]p\-c-[n-h-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn A\p-

tbm-Py-amb sXmgnep-I-fnÂ ap³K-W\ Dd-¸m-¡-Ww.

57. ssii-h-a-t\m-tcm-K-apÅ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kuP-\y-amb NnIn-Õbpw, acp¶pw

e`y-am-¡Ww.

58. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Iem-`n-cpNn hfÀ¯p-¶-

Xn\pw t{]mÕmln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw PnÃm-Xew apXÂ \ne-hnÂ s]mXphn-Zym-

e-b-§-fnÂ sN¿p-¶-Xp-t]mse Item-Õhw kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.

59. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Item-Õhw km[m-c-W-

Ip-«n-I-fpsS Item-Õhw t]mse hyà-amb amÀ¤ \nÀt±-i-§fpw am\-Z-

WvU§fpw \nÝ-bn¨v ASp¡pw Nn«-tbmSpw IqSn \S- -Ww.

60. ItemÕh hnP-bn-IÄ¡v km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fnÂ \ÂIp¶ AtX

k½m-\-XpI \ÂI-Ww. Hcp Xc-¯n-epÅ hnth-N-\hpw Dm-hm³ ]mSn-Ã.

61. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS Ign-hp-I-Ä hfÀ¯p-¶-Xn\v

km[m-cW kvIqfp-I-fnÂ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-epÅ Imbn-I-ta-f-IÄ

kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.

62. \mj-WÂ CâÀ \mj-WÂ aÕ-c-§-fnÂ ]s¦-Sp¯v hnP-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v

aäp-Im-bn-I-Xm-c-§Ä¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw ]cn-K-

W-\bpw \ÂI-Ww.

63. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-À¡mbn Kh¬saânsâ t\Xr-Xz-

¯nepw km¼-¯nI klm-b-¯nepw hÀ¡v FIvkv]o-cn-b³kv taf-IÄ

kwL-Sn-¸n-¡Ww.

64. B[p\nI tkm^väv shbÀ DÄs -sS-bpÅ kmt¦-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Kn¨v

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS ]T-\-kw-hn-[m\w IqSp-XÂ

BIÀj-I--am-¡-Ww.

65. Iem-Im-bnI hnt\mZ D]m-[n-I-fn-eqsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-

h-cpsS tijn-hn-I-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb ]mTy-{Iaw cq]-s¸-Sp-

¯Ww.

163

66. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v hnt\mZ kuI-cy-§Ä Dd-¸m-

¡m³ Aayq-kvsaâv ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw hm«À Xow ]mÀ¡p-I-fnepw Hcp klm-

bn-tbm-sSm¸w kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIm³ Øm]\ DS-a-IÄ¡v

\nÀt±iw \evI-Ww. C§s\ kuP\y {]th-i\w \evIp-¶-hÀ¡v \nIp-Xn-

bn-fhv A\p-h-Zn-bv¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

67. PnÃm BØm-\-§-fnepw Xmeq¡v BØm-\-§-fnepw ]©m-b¯v tI{µ-§-

fn-ep-sam-s¡, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw Ah-cpsS IpSpw-

_mw-K-§Ä¡pwhnt\m-tZm-]m-[nbv¡v klm-bn-¡p¶ tI{µ-§Ä XpS-§m³

{XnXe ]©m-b-¯p-IÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \evI-Ww.

68. Iem-þ-Im-bnIþhn-t\mZ tI{µ-§-fnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp¶hÀ¡v kuP\y \nc-¡n-epÅ {]th-i-\-¯n\pw ap³K-W-\m-Sn-Øm-\-

¯nÂ {]th-i\ Sn¡äv e`y-am¡p-¶-Xn\pÅ Ah-k-c-ap-m-I-Ww.

69. s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnÂ ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶

Ip«n-I-Ä¡v ]mTy-]-²Xn A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw hyh-Øm-]n-Xambpw,

imkv{Xob amÀ¤\nÀt±i-§-tfm-sSbpw \S-¸m-¡-Ww.

70. s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnÂ ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp¶hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sfbpw {]iv\-§-sfbpw Ipdn¨v t_m[-hÂ¡-

cWw \ÂtI--XmWv. C¯cw t_m[-hÂ¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ Npa-

Xe dntkmgvkv A²ym]-I-sc-bpw, {]Y-am²ym-]-I-scbpw GÂ¸n-¡-Ww.

71. s]mXphn-Zym-e-b-§-fnÂ ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-

Sp¶hÀ¡v shmt¡j-WÂ lbÀsk-¡-dn Xe-¯nÂ sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\

kuI-cy-§Ä Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

72. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃn-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS ]T-\-]p-tcm-K-Xn-

bv¡mbn Ip«n-IÄ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]ÝvNm-¯e kuIcyw \njvIÀjn-

¡p-I-bpw, Ip«nbpsS hnZym-`ymk {]{Inb kpK-a-ambn \S-¯p-¶-Xn\p

klm-b-I-amb hnZymÀ°nþ A²ym-]I A\p-]mXw Dm-hp-Ibpw thWw.

73. Ip«n-I-fpsS Bh-iyhpw Ignhpw Adnªv ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-

¯nepÅ A\p-cq-]o-I-c-W-§Ä ]mT-]p-kvX-I-¯nÂ Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

74. kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk ]²-Xn-bnÂ DÄs¸-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kv]o v

sXdm-¸n,H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, ^nkn-tbm-sX-dm-¸n, _ntl-hn-bÀ sXdm¸n

Ch \ÂIp¶-Xn-\pÅ kuIcyw Hmtcm kvIqfnepw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

164

75. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS hnZym-`ymk {]hÀ -\-§Ä

ssIImcyw sN¿p-¶Xv AXp-ambn _Ô-s¸« ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn-b-h-cm-bn-cn-

¡Ww F¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

76. ‘Ubäv’ t]mepÅ {][m\ s{Sbn-\nwKv sksâ-dp-I-fnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS taJ-e-bnÂ sshZ-Kv²y-apÅ Bfp-Isf

D]-tbm-Kn¨v ]cn-io-e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ kwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.

77. dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS tkh\w Ip«n-¡p-thn At§-bäw D]-tbm-K-s¸-

Sp-¯m³ Ign-bp-¶-hn-[-¯nÂ Ah-cpsS tPmen {Iao-I-cn-¡-Ww.

78. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS \ne-hn-epÅ Ign-hnsâ {]mY-

anI\nÀ®-bhpw ]cn-io-e-\-t¯m-sSm¸w XpSÀaq-ey-\nÀ®-bhpw \nÀ_-Ô-

am-¡-Ww.

79. dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-I-cpsS {]hÀ -\-§sf kw_-Ôn¨v hnZ-Kv²-amb

XpSÀ]cn-tim-[-\-IÄ \S- -Ww.

80. kwtbm-PnX hnZym-`ymk taJ-e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ dntkmgvkv A²ym-]-

IÀ¡v s]m-Xp-hn-Zym-e-b-§-fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡p e`n-¡p¶ FÃm B\p-Iq-

ey-§fpw e`yam-¡-Ww. (Hmtc Øm]-\-¯nÂ IqSp-XÂ {]hÀ¯\w \S-

¯p-¶-h-tcmSv km¼-¯nI hnth-N\w ]mSnÃ)

81. s]mXphn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n\pw khn-tij hnZym-`ym-k-¯n\pw thn Nne-h-gn-

¡p¶ ]W-hpw, hnZymÀ°n-IÄ¡p-e-`n-¡p¶ ^e-{]m-]vXnbpw X½nÂ Xmc-

Xay ]T\§Ä \nc-´cw \St --Xm-Wv.

82. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hpsS taJ-e-bnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-

hnZKv²À¡v BÀ.-kn.-sF cPn-kvt{S-j³ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

83. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p¶ FÃm Øm]-\-§-fnepw

BÀ.-kn.-sF \njvIÀjn-¡p¶ ASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§fpw ^m¡Âänbpw

Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

84. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-Ip«n-Isf ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-etI{µ§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v km[m-cW C¯cw

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§fnse A²ym-]-IÀ¡v \ÂIp¶ i¼-fhpw

aäm-\p-Iq-ey-§fpw \ÂI-Ww.

165

85. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]-I-cpsS ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ kÀ¡m-À taJ-e-bnÂ IqSp-XÂ

Bcw-`n-¡Ww.

86. A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-

Xn-\mbn FÃm A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-sfbpw kwØm\ Xe D¶-

X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ IognÂ sImph-cWw.

87. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-ioen-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v {Sm³kvt]mÀ«v I¬kj³ A\p-h-

Zn-¡-Ww.

88. tIc-f-¯nse hnhn[ bqWn-th-gvkn-än-IÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn

_Ô-s¸« tImgvkp-IÄ Bcw-`nt¡-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS Cu taJ-bnÂ

{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Øm]-\-§-fp-ambn kPo-h-amb A¡m-Z-anI _Ôw

Øm]n-¡p-Ibpw tIc-f-¯nÂ C¯cw hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸« A¡m-

Z-anI A´-co£w Dm-t¡--Xpam-Wv.

89. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ

A²ym-]I ]cn-io- e\ tImgvkp-IÄ¡v, Sn.-Sn.kn tImgvkp-IÄ¡pkam-\-

amb Item-Õ-h-§-fpw, kvt]mÀ«vkv aoäpw Kh¬saâv Xe-¯nÂ kwL-Sn-

¸n-¡-Ww.

90. hnZqc ]T-\-¯n-eqsS am{Xw tbmKyX t\Snb \ne-hnÂ {]hÀ¯n-¨p-sImncn-

¡p¶ A²ym-]-IÀ kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw \S-¯p¶ 6 amks¯

{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ tImgvknÂ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw ]s¦-Sp¯v kÀ«n-^n-

¡äv t\Sn-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

91. Bdp-am-ks¯ {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\ tImgvknsâ ]mTy-]-²-Xnbpw kne-

_Êpw kwØm\ Xe D¶X tI{µw X¿m-dm¡n ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.

92. A²ym-]-tI-Xc Poh-\-¡mÀ Ip«n-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Cu taJ-e-sb-¡p-dn¨pw

Ah-t_m[w Dm-Ip¶ coXn-bnepÅ Hcp {lkz-Ime tImgvkv (1

amks¯) ]qÀ¯n-bm-t¡--Xm-Wv.

93. FÃm bqWn-th-gvkn--än-I-fnepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«

hnjb-§-fnÂ tImgvkp-IÄ \S-¯p-Ibpw Kth-jW ]T-\-§Ä t{]mÕm-

ln-¸n-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.

94. tIc-f-¯nÂ dnlm-_n-en-tä-j³ Iu¬kn-ensâ AwKo-Im-c-apÅ ]p\-c-[n-

hmk tImgvkp-IÄ ({]tXy-In v Hm«n-kw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-

166

Ieyw, ]T-\ssh-Ieyw F¶o hnj-b-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«) kÀ¡mÀ Xe-

¯nÂ Bcw-`n-bv¡-Ww.

95. tIc-f-¯nse saUn-¡Â tImtf-Pp-I-fnÂ H¡p-t]-j-WÂ sXdm-¸n, kv]o v

sXdm¸n F¶n-h-bpsS Un{Kn, ]nPn, tImgvkp-IÄ DS³ XpS-§-Ww.

96. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡p¶ A²ym-]-

IÀ¡v \qX\-amb Adnhv kzmwio-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn XpSÀ¨-bmb ]cn-io-

e\ ]cn-]m-Sn-IÄ \nÀ_-Ôam¡-Ww.

97. kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen

Ne-©vUv s\ kwØm-\-X-e D¶X tI{µ-am¡n amäp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]Sn

Gähpw ASn-b-´nc-ambn \S- -Ww.

98. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ {]hÀ¯\w _p²n-am-µy-ta-J-e-bnÂ HXp-§p-¶-

Xn-\p-]-Icw Hm«nkw, skdn-{_Â ]mÄkn, _lp-ssh-Ieyw, ssiihat\m-

tcmKw, ]T\ sshIeyw XpS-§nb FÃm hn`mK§-sfbpw Hcp IpS-¡o-gnÂ

sImph-c-Ww.

99. tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ \nehn-ep-f-f {]hÀ -\-§sf ka-{K-ambn ]

p\xkwL-Sn-¸n-¡-Ww.

100.kn F¨v apl-½Zv tImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen

Ne-©vUvenÂ Ct¸mÄ Znh-k-th-X-\-¯nepw IcmÀ ASn-Øm-\-¯nepw

{]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡mÀ am{X-ta-bp-Åq. Øm]-\-¯nsâ kpØn-chpw,

kpk-Ö-hp-amb {]hÀ¯\-¯n-\mbn apgp-h³ Poh-\-¡m-scbpw Ønc-s¸-

Sp-¯p-Ibpw ]qÀ® B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.

101. tIc-f-¯nse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pÅ {]tXyI

hnZym-e-b-§-fpsS `c-W-]-chpw A¡m-Z-an-I-hp-amb {]hÀ -\-§sf tÌäv

C³Ìn-äyq-«p-ambn _Ôn-¸n¡Ww.

102.tÌäv C³Ìnäyq-«nsâ A¡m-Z-an-I-amb hn`h hn\n-ab tijn

kwØm-\Xe-¯nepw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp¶ Hmtcm

hyàn¡pw klmbw e`y-am-¡p¶ hn[-¯nÂ iàns¸Sp- -Ww.

103.tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«ns\ kwØm\Xe D¶X tI{µ-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ km¼-

¯nI klm-bw kwØm\ _UvPäv hnln-X-¯nÂ \nt¶m {]tXyI tI{µ

{Kmâmtbm e`y-am-¡Ww.

104.kn.-F-¨v. apl-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ saâen Nme-©vUns\

Hcp anI-hnsâ tI{µ-ambn (Centre for Excellence) hnI-kn-¸n-bv¡-Ww.

167

105.kn.-F-¨v.-ap-l-½-ZvtImb tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nÂ, _p²n-am-µyw, Hm«n-kw, skdn-

{_Â ]mÄkn, sXdm¸yq-«n-Ivkv, _lp-ssh-I-eyw, ]T-\-ssh-Ieyw F¶o

hnj-b-§-fnÂ Un{Kn, ]nPn-tIm-gvkp-IÄ XpS§n Hcp UowUv bqWn-th-

gvknän Ìmä-kn-tebv¡v DbÀ -Ww

106._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v sXm-gnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n-\m-h-iy-

amb kvssä]âv Xt±i kzbw-`-c-W-Øm-]-\-§Ä \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.

107.{]tXyI hnZym-e-b-§-fnse shmt¡j-WÂ s{Sbn-\nwKv skâ-dnsâ

{]hÀ¯\w \nco-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw

kwØm-\-Xe D¶-X-tI-{µ-¯nsâ shmt¡j-WÂ {Sbn-\nwKv hn`m-K-hp-

ambn _Ô-s -Sp¯n-bpÅ \nco£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

108._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v BhÀ-¯\ kz`m-h-ap-ÅXpw

A]-I-Sc-ln-X-hp-amb tPmen-I-fnembn-cn-¡Ww ]cn-io-e\w \ÂtI--Xv.

109._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v ]cn-io-e\w t\Sm-hp¶ sXmgnep-

IÄ tIc-f- nÂ kÀtÆ \S¯n Is-¯Ww..

110. kÀtÆ \S¯n Is- nb sXm-gn-ep-IfpsS Hcp tPm_v tUäm Dm-¡p-Ibpw

Ah efn-X-ambpw Imcy-£-a-ambpw \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ Kth-j-W-§Ä

t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

111. shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb sXm-gnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\pw

Ah efn-Xhpw Imcy-£-ahp am¡n \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\papÅ Kth-j-W-

§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn\pw F{Xbpw s]s«¶v \mjWÂ C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ

shmt¡j-WÂ {Sbn-\nwKv Bâv Fwt¹mbnsaâv tIc-f-¯nÂ Øm]n-¡-

Ww.

112. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v \nb-a\w e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn

kzImcy hyh-kmb DS-a-IÄ, s]mXptaJem Øm]\m[n-Im-cn-IÄ F¶n-h-

cpsS kwbpà kl-I-c-W-t¯msS kvs]jyÂ Fwt¹mbnsaâv

FIvkvtNbv©v kwhn-[m\w Bcw`n¡p¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ t{]mÕm-

l\w \evI-Ww.

113. sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-¯nÂ {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v Ah-cpsS

tbmKy-X-bp-sSbpw ]cn-N-b-¯n-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ tkh\ thX\

hyh-Ø-IÄ ]cn-jv¡-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.

114. sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§-fnse {]hÀ -\-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb Akw-

kvIrX hkvXp-¡Ä kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn-[m\w Dm-¡-

Ww.

168

115. 18 hb-kn-\p-tijw sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e-\-¯n\v Du¶Â sImSp-¯p-sImv ASn-

b-ń-c-ambn sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-Ww. kuI-cy-apÅ

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnÂ sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\ tI{µ-§Ä Bcw-`n-¡-

Ww. \ne-hnÂ Hgn-ªp-In-S-¡p¶ s]mXp hnZym-eb sI«n-S-§Ä Cu Bh-

iy-¯n-te¡v D]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.

116. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ Xe-¯nÂ

kwc-£nX sXmgnenS-§Ä (Sheltered Workshops) Bcw-`n-¡-Ww.

117. sXmgnÂ ]cn-io-e\w e`n¨ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v

A\p-tbm-Py-amb sXm-gnÂ kwcw- -§Ä kÀ¡mÀ taJ-e-bnÂ Bcw-`n-t¡--

Xm-Wv, kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnÂ Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-th {]tNm-Z\w

kÀ¡mÀ \ÂI-Ww.

118. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡mbn kÀ¡mÀ tPmen-I-fnÂ

kwhcWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡-Ww.

119. kvs]jyÂ Fwt¹m-bn-kns\ \nb-an-¡p-¶- kzImcy sXmgn-ep-S-a-IÄ¡pw

kwcw-`-IÀ¡pw \nIpXn B\p-Iq-ey-§Ä A\p-h-Zn¨p \ÂI-Ww.

120.Kh-s×âv Bô-kp-I-fnÂ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ tÌj-\dn km[-\-§fnÂ

\nÝnX iX-am\w _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ \nÀ½n-¡p-¶-

h-b¡v ap³K-W\ \ÂIp¶-Xn\v Bô-kpIÄ¡v \nÀt±iw \ÂIp¶

D -c-hn-d-¡-Ww.

121. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v tPmen Dd-¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v

c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v DZmc \nc-¡nÂ kzbw sXmgnÂ hmbv]-IÄ A\p-h-Zn-bv¡-

Ww.

122._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ Dm-¡p¶ Dev]-¶-§Ä¡v

hn]Wn Is- m³ k_vknUn kwhn-[m\w GÀs¸-Sp- -Ww. Ch-cp-m-

¡p¶ Dev]-¶-§Ä hyhkmb hIp-¸nsâ klm-b-t¯msS hnev]\ \S-

¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ kwhn[m\w GÀs -Sp -Ww.

123. 18 hb-Êp-I-gnª Xo{h _p²n sshI-ey-ap-Å-hsc imkv{Xo-b-amb coXn-

bnÂ

169

kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ]cn-]m-e\ tI{µ§Ä ASn-b-´n-c-ambn Bcw-`n-¡-

Ww. 124. tI{µ kÀ¡m-cnsâ ]cn-K-W-\-bn-en-cn-¡p¶ hnI-emwK Ah-Imi

_nÃv-þ2012

]mÀe-saânÂ ]mkm-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ tIc-f-¯nÂ

\n¶pÅ

]mÀesaâv AwK-§-fn-eqsS ià-amb k½À±w tI{µkÀ¡m-cnÂ sNep-

-Ww.

125 kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fnepw s]mXphn-Zym-e-§-fnepw ]Tn-¡p¶ _p²n-]-c-

amb

shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v kao-IrX t]mj-Im-lmcw e`n-¡p-

¶p-sh¶v

Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

126._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]cn-N-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ,

kzImcy Bip]-{Xn-I-fnÂ {]tXyI ]cn-K-W-\-bpw, ap³K-W-\bpw ((Iyq

Hgn-hm-¡p-I, Gsd t\cw Im¯p-\nÂ¡p-¶Xv Hgn-hm-¡p-I, s]cp-amä

{]iv\-§Ä a\-Ên-em¡n (ssl¸À BIvSn-hnän t]mep-Åh) s]cp-am-

dpI)) \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v {]XyI kÀ¡mÀ D¯chv Cd-¡-Ww.

127._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS {]iv\-§sf¡pdn¨v kaq-l-

¯nÂ t_m[-hÂ¡-cWw \ÂIp-¶-Xn-\mbn kvIqÄ ]mTy-]-²-Xn-bnÂ

(¹kv Sp ¢mÊv hsc) C¯cw Ip«n-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnj-b-§Ä

DÄs -Sp- -Ww.

128.tI{µ \nb-a-§-fmb t]gvk¬ hn¯v Unkn_n-en-äokv BIvSv 1995, \mj-

WÂ {SÌv BIvSv 1999, bp.-F³. kn. BÀ, ]n.Un 2008 Ch-bnse \nÀt±-i-

§Ä IÀi-\-ambn \S-¸n-em-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v kwØm\

Xe-¯nÂ klm-b-I-c-amb N«-§Ä Dm-hp-Ibpw (Ah-Im-i-§Ä e`n-¨n-sÃ-

¦nÂ \nb-a-\-S-]Sn kzoI-cn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶ hn[-¯nÂ) iàambn \S-¸m-

¡p-Ibpw thWw.

129.tIc-f-¯nse A²ym-]I ]cn-io-e\ ]mTy-]-²Xn, {]o ss{]adn Sot¨-

gvknsâ ]mTy-]-²Xn, t\gvknw-Kv, saUn-¡Â, ]mcm-sa-Un-¡Â, sXdm-]yq-«n-

¡v, tkmjyÂ hÀ¡v XpS-§nb ]mTy-]-²-Xn-IÄ Ch-bnÂ _p²n-]-c-amb

170

shÃp-hnfnIsf kw_-Ôn-¨pÅ hnh-c-§fpw {]mtbm-KnI ]p\-c-[n-hmk {]

{In-b-I-fpsams¡ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw Hcp hnj-b-ambn DÄs -Sp-t - -Xm-Wv.

130.kwØm-\-Xe D¶X tI{µ-¯nsâ taÂt\m-«-¯nÂ ASn-b-´n-c-ambn 18

hbÊp-I-gn-ª-hÀ¡mbn k¶-²-kw-L-S-\-IÄ s]mXp-ta-Jem Øm]-\-

§Ä, sNdp-InS hyh-kmb kwhn-[m-\-§Ä kzImcy kwcw-`-§Ä XpS-§n-

b-hsc DÄs -Sp-¯n-s¡m-pÅ Hcp ka-{K-amb ]p\-c-[n-hmk {Kmaw Bcw-`n-

bv¡-Ww.

131. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-I-fpÅ {]tXy-In¨pw Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-I-

fpÅ Ipªp§-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, DtZym-K-Ø-cm-sW-¦nÂ Ah-cpsS

tPmen ka-b-§-fnÂ Hcp Znhkw cmhnsetbm sshIp-t¶-ctam 1 aWn-

¡qÀ apXÂ 2 aWn-¡qÀ hsc ka-b-¯nsâ Cfhv A\p-h-Zn-bv¡m³

kÀ¡mÀ D -c-hn-d-¡-Ww.

132._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfnIÄ t\cn-Sp-¶- Ip«n-I-fpsS s]³j³

kvtImfÀjn-¸v, ssÌ]âv aäm-\p-Iq-ey§Ä F¶nh A\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn\v

c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡-cp-Xv.

133.\nÀ[-\À/ tcmKn-IÄ/ {]mbm-[nIyw h¶-hÀ/ am\-knI tcmK-ap-Å-hÀ/

hn[-h-IÄ/ hn`m-cyÀ -þ C -c-¡m-cpsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶

Ip«n-I-fpsS kpc-£bv¡pw kwc-£-W-¯n-\p-ambn ]©m-b¯v Xe

kanXn/ kwhn-[m\w Dm-h-Ww.

134._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Ah-Im-i-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw

Ahsc Nqj-W-¯nÂ \n¶pw kwc-£n-t¡--Xnsâ Bh-iy-I-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨pw,

Sn-hn, ]{Xw, CâÀs\äv XpS-§nb am[y-a-§-fn-eqsS t_m[-hÂ¡-cWw

\ÂI-Ww.

135._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-Isf kw_-Ôn¨v s]mXp-P-\-§-fnÂ Ah-t_m[w

Dm-¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb sNdp-]-c-ky-§Ä Zriy-am-[y-a-§-

fnÂ/tdUntbmI-fnÂ \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw kwt{]-£Ww sN¿p-¶-Xn\v \nb-

a-\nÀ½m-W-¯nÂ hyhØ sN¿-Ww.

136.DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v, {]tXy-In¨v Xo{h-þ-XojvW shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v eoh-\p-hZn-bv¡p-¶-Xn\v DZmc

kao-]\w kzoI-cn-bv¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w, i¼-f-t¯m-sSm¸w Ip«n-I-fpsS `oa-

amb NnIn-ÕmsN-e-hv, hnZym-`ymk sNe-hv, bm{Xm sNehv F¶n-hbpw

A\p-h-Zn¨p \evI-Ww.

171

137. Xo{h-þ-XojvW hn m-K- nÂs¸« _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp¶ Ip«n-I-fpsS

DtZym-K-Ø-cmb c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v am\-kn-tIm-Ãm-k- n-\mbn asäÃm A\p-h-Z-\ob eohp-

IÄ¡p-ap-]-cn, 10 Znh-k-s -sb-¦nepw Ah-[nbpw DÃm-kbm{Xm sNehpw

kÀ¡mÀ \evI-Ww. Cu B\p-Iqeyw kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bnepw \evIp-¶-Xn\v Dt -

P\w \evI-Ww.

138.c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS A`m-h- nÂ/ c£n-Xm-¡Ä¡v kwc-£n-¡m³ _p²n-ap-«p-

Å-t¸mÄ _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc Xma-kn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\v

kvs]jyÂ kvIqfp-I-fp-am-tbm, ]p\-c-[n-hmk Øm]-\-§-fp-amtbm _Ô-

s¸«v kzIm-cyþ kÀ¡mÀ ]¦m-fn- -t¯msS sdkvss]äv tlmwkv Bcw-`n-

¡-Ww.

139._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶ Ip«n-IÄ¡v ayqkn-bw, arK-ime aäp-hn-

t\mZ tI{µ-§Ä F¶n-hn-S-§-fnÂ kµÀi\w kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.

140._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS B\p-Iq-ey-§fpw Ah-Im-i-

§fpw e`y-am-Ip-¶-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Hcp \nb-a-]-c-amb

{]tXyI \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w Dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.

141. aäp hnI-emwK hn`m-K§fnÂ \n¶pw hyXy-Ø-ambn _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS NnInÕm Nnehv, acp-¶v, ]cn-io-e-\- n-\pÅ Nne-hv,

]cm-{i-bXzw Ch ]cn-K-Wn¨v s]³j³ KWy-ambn hÀ²n-¸n-¡-Ww.

142.\nb-a-ÚÀ, tImSXn DtZym-K-ØÀ, dh\yq DZym-K-ØÀ, t]meo-kv, BÀ.-Sn.

H, ss{UhÀ, I-IvSÀ XpS-§nb s]mXpP-\-hp-ambn \nc-´cw _Ô-s¸-Sp¶

FÃm DtZym-K-ØÀ¡pw am\-kn-I-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc ]än-

bpÅ t_m[-hÂ¡-c-Whpw {]tXyI ]cn-io-e-\hpw \ÂtI--Xm-Wv.

143._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ

kuP-\y-ambn hmZn-¡p-¶-Xn\v sslt¡m-S-Xnbnepw, PnÃm tImS-Xnbnepw

Hcp Kh¬saâv ¹oU-dpsS tkh\w e`y-am-t¡--Xm-Wv.

144.tlmw sIbÀ Bh-iy-amb Xo{h hn`m-K-¯nÂs¸Sp¶ _p²n-]-c-amb

shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡sf sXmgnep-d- p-]-²-Xn-bnÂ

DÄs -Sp- -n Ip«n-IÄ¡v \evIp¶ ]cn-N-cWw sXmgn-embn ]cn-K-Wn¨v

thX\w \evI-Ww.

145._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS khn-ti-jX ]cn-K-Wn¨v Ah-cp-

ambn _Ô-s¸« tIÊp-IÄ s]s«¶v XoÀ¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v ^mÌv {Sm¡v kwhn-

[m\w Dm-h-Ww.

172

146._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpsS Btcm-Ky, NnIn-Õm, ]cn-io-

e-\m-h-iy-§Ä¡mbn Xmeq¡v Xew apX-se-¦nepw aÄ«n Unkn-¹n\dn

Soansâ tkh\w e`y-am-t¡--Xm-Wv.

147.NnInÕm cwKs¯ Nqj-W-§-fnÂ \n¶pw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ

t\cn-Sp-¶-h-sc-bpw, Ah-cpsS c£-IÀ¯m-¡-sfbpw kwc-£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v

\nba]cn-c£\ÂIWw.

148._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hcpÅ IpSpw-_-§sf _n.-]n.-FÂ

hn`mK-¯nÂ DÄs -Sp- -Ww.

149._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶- {]mb-]qÀ¯n-bmb B¬Ip-«n-IfpsS-

bpw, s]¬Ip-«n-I-fpsSbpw Ah-Im-i-§Ä e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-

Ifpw ap³Icp-X-ep-Ifpw kzoI-cn-t¡--Xm-Wv.

150.c£-IÀ¯m-¡-fpsS Ime-tijw _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hsc

kwc£n-¡p-¶-Xn\v Hmtcm PnÃ-bnepw BPo-h-\m´ ]p\-c-[n-hmk tI{µ-

§Ä XpSt§--Xm-Wv.

151. _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cp-sSbpw Bh-iy-§fpw Ah-Im-i-

§fpw e`y-am-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Ata-cn-¡-bnÂ “{]kn-

Uâv kanXn” kwhn-[m\w cq]o-I-cn- -t¸mse tIc-f-¯nse apJy-a{ń

sNbÀam\pw _Ô-s¸« hIp-¸p-a-{ń-amÀ AwK-§-fp-ambn Hcp “No^v an\n-

ÌÀ kanXn” cq]o-I-cn¨v \nc-ć \nco-£-W-¯n-eqsS _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-

hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-¶-h-cpsS khn-tij ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ ]cn-l-cn-bv¡-Ww.

152._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fnIÄ t\cn-Sp¶hÀ¡m-h-iy-amb sshZy-]-cn-tim-

[-\, acp-¶v, NnInÕ XpS-§nb FÃm tkh-\-§fpw kuP-\y-ambn e`y-am-

¡-Ww.

153.tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq«v t^mÀ Zn saâen Ne-©nUv, kvs]jyÂ

kvIqfpIÄ,sF.C.-Un.-F-kv.-F-kv, Fkv.-F-kv.-F, IpSpw-_-{io, km£-cXm

anj³ XpS-§nb GP³kn-Isf imkv{Xo-b-ambn D]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯n

_p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS Hcp kÀtÆ \S¯n ØnXn

hnhcIW-¡v Dm-t¡--Xm-Wv.

154.Xo{h _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-cpsS IpSpw-_s¯ Bizm-

kIncWw ]²-Xn-bnÂ hcp-am\ ]cn[n ]cn-K-Wn-¡msX DÄs -Sp¯n FÃm-

hÀ¡pw klmbw e`n-¡p-¶p-sh¶v Dd-¸p-h-cp -Ww.

173

155.sshIeyw sXfn-bn-¡p¶ kÀ«n-^n-¡-äp-IÄ thK-¯nepw icn-bmbpw

\nÀ®-bn¨p \ÂIp-¶-Xn\v DÅ kwhn-[m\w Dmbncn-¡-Ww.

156.\nb-a-]-c-amb c£m-IÀXr- kw-hn-[m\w \ne-hnÂ hcp-¯p-Ibpw AXv

Zpcp-]-tbmKw sN¿-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m³ ià-amb \nba kwc-£Ww \ÂIp-

¶-Xn-\pÅ \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¡pIbpw thWw.

157._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡pw klm-bn¡pw _kvbm{Xm

klmbw \ÂIp-¶-Xnsâ Zqc-]-cn[n 40 Intem-ao-äÀ F¶p-ÅXv Zqc-]-cn[n

Hgn-hm¡n \ÂI-Ww.

158.hnZym-`ymkw, NnInÕm, sXmgnÂ, _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ DÅ-

hÀ¡p-t\sc \S-¯p¶ Ipä-Ir-Xy-§Ä XpS-§nb Bh-em-Xn-IÄ¡v ]cn-

lmcw ImWp-¶-Xn\mbn {]tXyI \nbakwhn-[m-\hpw, {]tXyI tImS-

Xnbpw Dm-h-Ww.

159._p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hnfn A\p- -hn-¡p¶ hyàn-I-fpsS IpSpw-_-¯n\v

sshZypXn, shÅw, t^m¬ Ch ]qÀ®-ambpw kuP-\y-am-¡-Ww.

160.F³tUmkÄ^m³ {]tZ-iw DÄs¸-Sp¶ ImkÀtImSv PnÃ-bnÂ kn.-F-¨v.-ap-

l-½-ZvtImb sat½m-dn-bÂ tÌäv C³Ìn-äyq-«nsâ taJem tI{µw F{Xbpw

s]s«¶v Bcw-`n-¡Ww..

161. F³tUmkÄ^m³ {]tZ-i-§-fnse _p²n-]-c-amb shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ t\cn-Sp-

¶-hÀ¡p-thn sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTnX tImgvkp-I-fpw, kwc-£nX sXm-gnenS§fpw

Bcw-`n-¡p-Ibpw sXmgne-h-k-c-§Ä I-¯p-¶-Xn\v {]tXyI kwhn-[m\w D-

m-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.

162. FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnÂ KÀ`n-Wn-I-fm-Im³ t]mIp¶ FÃm

kv{XoIÄ¡pw P\n-XI Iu¬kn-enwKv \nÀ_-Ô-am-¡-Ww.

163.FtâmkÄ^m³ _m[nX taJ-e-bnÂ P\n-¡p¶ FÃm inip-¡-sfbpw

_p²n-ssh-I-eyhpw aäv {]iv\-§fpw Xncn- -dn-bp-¶-Xn-\pÅ FÃm Xcw

sSÌp-IÄ¡pw hnt[-b-am-¡p-I.

164.Xo{h _p²n sshIeyw A\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡p-thn imkv{Xobamb coXn-

boÂ tlmw _uv t{]mw{Kmw \S-¸n-em-¡-Ww.

165.F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i¯v km¼-¯nI klm-b-t¯m-sSm¸w XpS§n

aäp Xc- ¯n-epÅ klm-b-§fpw e`y-am-¡-Ww. (klmb D]-I-c-W-

§Ä, NnIn-Õ, acp-¶p-IÄ sshZy-k-lmbw XpS-§nbh)

174

166.F³tUm-kÄ^m³ _m[nX {]tZ-i-s¯ tZiob Zpc´ taJ-e-bmbn ]cn-K-

Wn¨v _p²n-]-c-ambn shÃp-hnfn t\cn-Sp-¶-hÀ¡v FÃm klm-b-§fpw

A\p-h-Zn-¡Ww.

167.F³tUm-kÄ^m³ {]tZ-i-§-fnÂ XpSÀ¨-bmb t_m[-hÂ¡-cW ]cn-]m-

Sn-IÄ kwLSn-¸n-¡-Ww.

168.km¼-¯nI klm-b-§Ä \ ÂIp-t¼mÄ AXv icn-bmbn D]-tbm-K-s -Sp-

¯m³ Ign-bp-¶p-sh¶pw Dd-¸p-h-cp- -Ww.

175

A\p-_Ôw

1. t^mt«mkpw ]{X-hmÀ -I-fpwþ t]Pv 170-þ242

2. tcJ-IÄ kaÀ¸n- -h-cpsS t]cpw taÂhn-em-khpw þ241-þ343

176

Ipdn¸v - SJDsjd.kerala.gov.in/DOCUMENTS/Orders/Internal Orders/18379.pdf · Ipdn¸v BapJw...

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