Waarom DCWaarom DC DC is een feit

We leven al in een

gelijkspanningswereld

We leven al in een

gelijkspanningswereld

Alles waarvan we en zijn DC

Harry Stokman

Contact

Email: harry@dcbv.eu

Address: Stationsweg 38-BB, 1431 EG Aalsmeer, The Netherlands

www.directcurrent.eu

Stappen naar Stappen naar een DC een DC toekomsttoekomst

DC is the Future DC is the Future

About HarryAbout Harry To make the

DC future

27 years DC entrepreneur and owner of:

• Direct Current Ltd: Mission DCify the grids R&D DC and development

• Hellas Rectifiers Ltd: Manufacturing AC/DC and DC/DC

• Femtogrid Energy solutions Ltd: Solar micro converters and DC grids

• Amstel Rectifiers Ltd: Manufacturing SMPS AC/DC

• Just started: DOE DC Ltd projects and DC Horti Lighting Ltd financial (light as a

service)

Chairmen of the DC foundation

CIGRE member MVDC working group

Politic active in the working group Dutch electric infra

IEC SEG 6 and SEG 4 member

Chairmen TC 64 Dutch working group LVDC (NEN 1010)

Close cooperation whit the Dutch technical universities

Breaking the chicken egg discussion and define system from a helicopter

view and testing it on applications FYI, I’m dyslectic, so forgive me for spelling mistakes.

Language isn’t logical.

Resources to DCify the

grids

Wie gelooft dat DC een toekomst heeft?

Wordt DC binnen 5 jaar dagelijkse activiteit?

Gaat AC in het laagspanningsnet vervangen?

Begin standBegin stand Toekomst

GeschiedenisGeschiedenis AC had

gewonnen

War of currents War of currents

DC

has

lost

AC has

won

1880 Battle between Tesla and

Edison

Problemen in AC en is AC Problemen in AC en is AC

een winnaar?een winnaar?

AC

doodlopend

Er is geen standaard!!!

Slimme netten - hoe maak je een dom systeem slim?

Verandering kan goedkoper zijn China

StrategieStrategie Hoe

We hebben een super plan:

Dit is een zéér strak plan

We hebben een oplossing voor: • Niet bestaand probleem

• Niet bestaande klanten

• Niet bestaande vraag

Hoe doen we hetHoe doen we het HOE

Groot

denken

Politie

k

R&D Visie

Opleidin

g Lef

Dramme

n

Netwer

k

DC masterplan

Functies en AC problemen voeden ons plan

OpwekkenOpwekken

BesparenBesparen

Maar belangrijker is de --VerbindingVerbinding-- Gelijkspanning is daarom het fundament onder

duurzaamheid

Waar gaat het omWaar gaat het om DC oplossing

USB brengt blijdschapUSB brengt blijdschap We gebruiken

het al

USB is de meest gebruikte stekker

USB is een wereldwijde standaard

Nu al meer USB stekkers dan mensen

USB-C naar 100W goed genoeg voor het echte werk

APPLE naar USBAPPLE naar USB--CC DCificatie

proces door de markt

USB-C is: Power nu tot 100W

Data

Domotica

Twee richtingen

Media

Mooi

Alleen efficiënt te doen via een DC systeem.

Ondersteund door INTEL, APPLE, GOOGLE,SAMSUNG etc.

één systeem

FeitjesFeitjes DC

AC versus DC

• 1500W / 1500VA(1200W)

• 75gram / 25kG

• 150 euro / 350 euro

• Stand-by 14W / 50W

• Verlies 100% 30W / 100W

• Rendement 98% / 93%

AC 1.8W adapter

AC 30W adapter

Stilstand is vooruitgang

VisionVision DC future

Direct Current

Nu al meer dan 500 lichtmasten op een DC infra in de buitenruimte

Opstart Haarlemmermeer 1.5MW groeilicht en 715kW zonnepark verbonden via een DC infrastructuur

Femtogrid SolaRoad wegen op DC

RedStack, DC energie uit zoet/zout water afsluit dijk

250 zonnesystemen bij particulieren op een DC bus

DC enkele voorbeelden DC enkele voorbeelden Meer DCificatie

Wij zijn met

DC

wereldkampioe

n

DC in public spaceDC in public space Public area

PV/DC

AC/DC bidirectional converter

Double use of the DC infrastructure

Current RouterCurrent RouterCurrent Router

Other groups

DC²

DC micro converterWith integrated power optimizer

±350Vdc700Vdc

Outdoor solutions

PV/DC PV/DCSmart DC LED driver + sensors integratedwith power line communication

Sensor bus

CO2

Dust

Noise

Light

Detection

AC Network

+

CurrentOS1 9 : 0 0

B US 1 7 2

DC in public spaceDC in public space DC public

N e x t s t op 1 9 : 0 0

B US 1 7 2

© 2015 Direct Current BV www.directcurrent.eu

DC networks

Smart DC LED driverwith power line communication Smart AC/DC and Power Line

Communication

Public lighting on DCProducts and system designed &

invented by Direct Current BV

Management in the cloud

Example:

±350Vdc Grids

Earth fault protection 1..30mA adjustable

Full selectivity in protection

No breakers and fuses!

Cable quality and state is known

Lighting protection

Arcing detection

No underground cable connections

Corrosion protection

Fully controlled

100% digital converters used

Smart grid (Current/OS)

Current Routers as distribution panels

Arc free disconnecting

Power Line Communication G3 protocol connected to the cloud

No Breaking Current needed for protection

Cable length >3km

HVAC transmission lines area

Sensor bus for smart cities

Successfully launched Successfully launched Current

OS

EAN

3x2

5A

EAN

3x2

5A

EAN

3x2

5A

EAN

3x2

5A

EAN

1x2

0A

EAN

1x2

0A

EAN

1x2

0A

EAN

1x2

0A

GRID

GRID

Huidige situatie

Netbeheerder gaat het net verzwaren

DOM

Huidige situatieHuidige situatie NU

MET DC gaan we het heel SLIM doen

Mixed gridsMixed grids DC In buildings

PV/DC PV/DC

LEDDRIVER

LEDDRIVER

LEDDRIVER

LEDDRIVER

LEDDRIVER

PV/DC PV/DC PV/DC

AC/DC bidirectional converter

Double use of the DC infrastructure

SensorsSensors

Current RouterCurrent RouterCurrent Router

Other groups

ROOF

DC²

DC micro converterWith integrated power optimizer

±350Vdc700Vdc

Indoor solutions

CurrentOS

AC Network

housinghousing Dutch Solution

DC

DC

3...20kW

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

DC

1..3kW

<100W

LVDC or MVDC distrubution

Domestic Intelligent

DC Grid

3...20kW

CurrentOS

350V or +/-350Vdc (700Vdc)

USB-C standard plugs up to 100W

5kWh peak shaving

Central based storage

EV charging 20kW

3kW Heat pumps

5kW stove

300W ventilation

LED lighting

Smartness communication isolated from the internet. (data isolation)

Supporting the smart grid

Privacy from the start

AC is an option for old devices

Increase capacity in the streets by moving to DC

Progress and looking into the same

direction:

4 large constructors involved

2.4M social households

80% is owned by 7 cooperation's

Grid operators involved

GreenhousesGreenhouses DC application

Lowest decision density for change. (easy to setup)

100W/m² power density DC lighting

100W/m² Heat power generator

Large space available for PV panels

Large grid connection

CurrentOS

Current DC case HMCurrent DC case HM DOE DC

1.3MW

Grow light

1.5MW

PV

Controlled grow lights 1.4MW

DC infrastructure 1.5MW

Double use of converters

Variable 1.5MW power gen set

Next step to connect EV to grid

Vermogens

regelaar

500...1800rpm KANS !!

LVAC

LVDC

+350Vdc

M

-350Vdc

GAS

LVAC

LVDC

Generator

400Vac

CO

2

Warm

te

GAS MOTOR

1,5MW

Lic

ht

vra

ag

Warm

tevra

ag

Kw

h p

rijs

m3 g

as

pri

js

DC DC

SON-T LED

PRDC2

Lichtsterkte regelbaar

Pro

du

ct

pri

js

MVAC

LVAC

DNO

MV

AC

40..100%

Economische

waarde m2

+350Vdc

M

-350Vdc

10/20kVac

3x400Vac 50Hz

PR

METER

WOZ grens

METER

PR

PR

DC DCDC

METER

PR

DC DC DC

Solar greenpoint

715kW PV zonneweide

Bouvardia Vreeken

1,4MW HPS

Gemeente Haarlemmermeer

WOZ grens

optie

AC hand writing and AC glasses textual issues • Phase and Pole (need in chapter 7 a additional sub chapter re-

definition in terms). • M and N (neutral) mismatch. • Connected means that current can flow for example a Neutral PE

connection. • Warning about corrosion in grounded systems is noted • Mechanical disconnect (can become a conflict) • Wire color not clear yet (but close to be defined) • Safe voltage is only safe when power is limited. 120Vdc or 60Vdc

Conclusion • A Guideline is needed to help to understand DC systems • Examples of installations • All cables can be used (but DC must be mentioned in the

datasheet) • Discussion left about separation Mechanical versus Converter • But the NEC 64 is well written and we don’t expect big issues for

DC that can block DC systems

Issues found TC64 Issues found TC64

(NEN1010)(NEN1010) DC Standards

Tools for detecting voltage not depending on AC or DC

Discussion (Light conducting shoes)

Knowledge!!!!!! (Training becomes a must)

Proper marking and labeling of cables or connection

High attention in hybrid systems (AC and DC combined)

We like to see a stronger definition of certification where people can work (not based on voltage but also based on energy level).

What does this mean for What does this mean for

installersinstallers DC in practice

Future roadmap Future roadmap

semiconductorssemiconductors

DC breakthrough

DCHouse

hybrid

AC/DC House DC

Heat Pump

2/50kW

EV

10/20kW

Office

100Wp on

DC

Data

center

>1MW

Factory

>1MW

Ware

house

lighting

Green

house

>1 MW

Steet light

Domestic

Street light

Hiroads

Solar

System

10kW

Solar park

2MW

Power

Watt/mm2

@ 6A/mm2

Cu mg/W 1m

@ 6A/mm2 Can replace

Wires

no PE

Distance 1%

drop @

6A/mm2 60

0V

dc

1500V

dc

12V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 72 W 247/+1817% - 2 0,6 m

24V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 144 W 124/+858% - 2 1,2 m

48V X X X X X X X X X X X X 288 W 61,8/+379% - 2 2,4 m

60V X X X X X X X X X X X X 360 W 49,4/+283% - 2 2,9 m

110V X X X X X X X X X X X X 660 W 27,0/+109% - 2 5,4 m

220V X X X X X X X X X X 1320 W 13,5/+5% 230Vac 1ph 2 10,8 m

300V X X X X X X X X 1800 W 9,9/-23% 230Vac 1ph 2 14,7 m

350V X X X X X X 2100 W 8,5/-34% 230Vac 1ph 2 17,2 m

+/- 190V X X X X X X 2280 W 11,7/-9% 230Vac 1ph 3 18,6 m

380V X X X X X X 2280 W 7,8/-39% 230Vac 1ph 2 18,6 m

400V X X X X X X 2400 W 7,4/-43% 230Vac 1ph 2 19,6 m

500V X X X X X X X X X X X 3000 W 5,9/-54% - 2 24,5 m

+/-300V X X X X X 3600 W 7,4/-43% - 3 29,4 m

600V X X X X X X X X X 3600 W 4,9/-23% 400Vac 3ph 2 29,4 m

+/- 350V X X X 4200 W 6,4/-51% 230Vac 1ph 3 34,3 m

700V X X X X X X X 4200 W 4,2/-34% 400Vac 3ph 2 34,3 m

+/- 380V X X X 4560 W 5,9/-55% 230Vac 1ph 3 37,3 m

760V X X X X X X X X 4560 W 3,9/-39% 400Vac 3ph 2 37,3 m

900V X X X X X X X X X X X 5400 W 3,3/-49% - 2 44,1 m

1000V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 6000 W 3,0/-54% - 2 49,0 m

+/- 600V X X X X X X 7200 W 3,7/-42% 400Vac 3ph 3 58,8 m

1200V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 7200 W 2,5/-34% 690Vac 3ph 2 58,8 m

+/- 700V X X X X X X 8400 W 3,2/-51% 400Vac 3ph 3 68,6 m

1400V X X X X X X Future X X X X X X 8400 W 2,1/-43% 690Vac 3ph 2 68,6 m

Author Harry Stokman 1380 W 12,9 230Vac 1ph 2 11,3 m

EMerge Alliance Best range Proposed standard by Direct Current BV 4157 W 6,4 400Vac 3ph 3 34,0 m

Possible extension Possible 300V/600V grids 7171 W 3,7 690Vac 3ph 3 58,6 m

low voltageAC© 2013 by Direct Current BV internet: www.directcurrent.eu

IEC

USA

Standard

limits

What voltage?What voltage? DC voltage

Research done by Direct Current BV application versus voltage level.

Proposed DC system Proposed DC system

voltage voltage DC systems

700Vdc

SOURCE

PE

+700V

-700V

M

PEMax. -20V +20V

Device

+ 700V M

350Vdc

SOURCE

PE

+350V

M

PEMax. -20V +20V

Device

+ 350V M

Power direction

Power direction

700Vdc

700Vdc

1400Vdc

SOURCE

PE

+700V

-700V

M

PEMax. -20V +20V

Device

+ 700V M

Device

+ 700V M

Device

+ 1400V M

350Vdc

350Vdc

700Vdc

SOURCE

PE

+350V

-350V

M

PEMax. -20V +20V

Device

+ 350V M

Device

+ 350V M

Device

+ 700V M

Power direction

Power direction

LVDC350V LVDCB350V

LVDC700V LVDCB700V

US proposal = ±190Vdc (380Vdc) floating grid (LVDC limitation 600Vdc) Some EU proposals are ±380Vdc (760Vdc) not scalable to ±760Vdc bypassing the 1500V border Finland ±700V..750Vdc 350Vdc level devices can be made 380Vdc compatible. But there is more definition needed to define an open system. DC grid codes to maintain safety and stability.

Green Deal with Dutch government

DC faculty at TU Delft

DC learning programs at the polytechnics

DC in IEC standardization

Proven DC works in public lighting

Greenhouses ready for DC

Development of Current/OS

The Netherlands have a world leading role in DC

Many large enterprises cooperate with our small SMA

Create solutions to make the next step in a full electric world.

DC is ready to end the war DC is ready to end the war

for once and for allfor once and for all

What we have achieved

Wie gelooft dat DC een toekomst heeft?

Wordt DC binnen 5 jaar dagelijkse activiteit?

Gaat AC in het laagspanningsnet verdwijnen?

Eind standEind stand Toekomst

Wat is er voor jullieWat is er voor jullie DC en nu

verder

We hebben een boek

uitgegeven, deze is gratis te

downloaden of in druk te koop

via www.gelijkspanning.org

De markt is

enorm!!

Samen zijn we

unstoppable

Doe mee

En help ons! Direct Current BV

www.directcurrent.eu

www.gelijkstroom.nl