Waarom DCWaarom DC DC is een feit
We leven al in een
gelijkspanningswereld
We leven al in een
gelijkspanningswereld
Alles waarvan we en zijn DC
Harry Stokman
Contact
Email: [email protected]
Address: Stationsweg 38-BB, 1431 EG Aalsmeer, The Netherlands
www.directcurrent.eu
Stappen naar Stappen naar een DC een DC toekomsttoekomst
DC is the Future DC is the Future
About HarryAbout Harry To make the
DC future
27 years DC entrepreneur and owner of:
• Direct Current Ltd: Mission DCify the grids R&D DC and development
• Hellas Rectifiers Ltd: Manufacturing AC/DC and DC/DC
• Femtogrid Energy solutions Ltd: Solar micro converters and DC grids
• Amstel Rectifiers Ltd: Manufacturing SMPS AC/DC
• Just started: DOE DC Ltd projects and DC Horti Lighting Ltd financial (light as a
service)
Chairmen of the DC foundation
CIGRE member MVDC working group
Politic active in the working group Dutch electric infra
IEC SEG 6 and SEG 4 member
Chairmen TC 64 Dutch working group LVDC (NEN 1010)
Close cooperation whit the Dutch technical universities
Breaking the chicken egg discussion and define system from a helicopter
view and testing it on applications FYI, I’m dyslectic, so forgive me for spelling mistakes.
Language isn’t logical.
Resources to DCify the
grids
Wie gelooft dat DC een toekomst heeft?
Wordt DC binnen 5 jaar dagelijkse activiteit?
Gaat AC in het laagspanningsnet vervangen?
Begin standBegin stand Toekomst
GeschiedenisGeschiedenis AC had
gewonnen
War of currents War of currents
DC
has
lost
AC has
won
1880 Battle between Tesla and
Edison
Problemen in AC en is AC Problemen in AC en is AC
een winnaar?een winnaar?
AC
doodlopend
Er is geen standaard!!!
Slimme netten - hoe maak je een dom systeem slim?
Verandering kan goedkoper zijn China
StrategieStrategie Hoe
We hebben een super plan:
Dit is een zéér strak plan
We hebben een oplossing voor: • Niet bestaand probleem
• Niet bestaande klanten
• Niet bestaande vraag
Hoe doen we hetHoe doen we het HOE
Groot
denken
Politie
k
R&D Visie
Opleidin
g Lef
Dramme
n
Netwer
k
DC masterplan
Functies en AC problemen voeden ons plan
OpwekkenOpwekken
BesparenBesparen
Maar belangrijker is de --VerbindingVerbinding-- Gelijkspanning is daarom het fundament onder
duurzaamheid
Waar gaat het omWaar gaat het om DC oplossing
USB brengt blijdschapUSB brengt blijdschap We gebruiken
het al
USB is de meest gebruikte stekker
USB is een wereldwijde standaard
Nu al meer USB stekkers dan mensen
USB-C naar 100W goed genoeg voor het echte werk
APPLE naar USBAPPLE naar USB--CC DCificatie
proces door de markt
USB-C is: Power nu tot 100W
Data
Domotica
Twee richtingen
Media
Mooi
Alleen efficiënt te doen via een DC systeem.
Ondersteund door INTEL, APPLE, GOOGLE,SAMSUNG etc.
één systeem
FeitjesFeitjes DC
AC versus DC
• 1500W / 1500VA(1200W)
• 75gram / 25kG
• 150 euro / 350 euro
• Stand-by 14W / 50W
• Verlies 100% 30W / 100W
• Rendement 98% / 93%
AC 1.8W adapter
AC 30W adapter
Stilstand is vooruitgang
VisionVision DC future
Direct Current
Nu al meer dan 500 lichtmasten op een DC infra in de buitenruimte
Opstart Haarlemmermeer 1.5MW groeilicht en 715kW zonnepark verbonden via een DC infrastructuur
Femtogrid SolaRoad wegen op DC
RedStack, DC energie uit zoet/zout water afsluit dijk
250 zonnesystemen bij particulieren op een DC bus
DC enkele voorbeelden DC enkele voorbeelden Meer DCificatie
Wij zijn met
DC
wereldkampioe
n
DC in public spaceDC in public space Public area
PV/DC
AC/DC bidirectional converter
Double use of the DC infrastructure
Current RouterCurrent RouterCurrent Router
Other groups
DC²
DC micro converterWith integrated power optimizer
±350Vdc700Vdc
Outdoor solutions
PV/DC PV/DCSmart DC LED driver + sensors integratedwith power line communication
Sensor bus
CO2
Dust
Noise
Light
Detection
AC Network
+
CurrentOS1 9 : 0 0
B US 1 7 2
DC in public spaceDC in public space DC public
N e x t s t op 1 9 : 0 0
B US 1 7 2
© 2015 Direct Current BV www.directcurrent.eu
DC networks
Smart DC LED driverwith power line communication Smart AC/DC and Power Line
Communication
Public lighting on DCProducts and system designed &
invented by Direct Current BV
Management in the cloud
Example:
±350Vdc Grids
Earth fault protection 1..30mA adjustable
Full selectivity in protection
No breakers and fuses!
Cable quality and state is known
Lighting protection
Arcing detection
No underground cable connections
Corrosion protection
Fully controlled
100% digital converters used
Smart grid (Current/OS)
Current Routers as distribution panels
Arc free disconnecting
Power Line Communication G3 protocol connected to the cloud
No Breaking Current needed for protection
Cable length >3km
HVAC transmission lines area
Sensor bus for smart cities
Successfully launched Successfully launched Current
OS
EAN
3x2
5A
EAN
3x2
5A
EAN
3x2
5A
EAN
3x2
5A
EAN
1x2
0A
EAN
1x2
0A
EAN
1x2
0A
EAN
1x2
0A
GRID
GRID
Huidige situatie
Netbeheerder gaat het net verzwaren
DOM
Huidige situatieHuidige situatie NU
MET DC gaan we het heel SLIM doen
Mixed gridsMixed grids DC In buildings
PV/DC PV/DC
LEDDRIVER
LEDDRIVER
LEDDRIVER
LEDDRIVER
LEDDRIVER
PV/DC PV/DC PV/DC
AC/DC bidirectional converter
Double use of the DC infrastructure
SensorsSensors
Current RouterCurrent RouterCurrent Router
Other groups
ROOF
DC²
DC micro converterWith integrated power optimizer
±350Vdc700Vdc
Indoor solutions
CurrentOS
AC Network
housinghousing Dutch Solution
DC
DC
3...20kW
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
1..3kW
<100W
LVDC or MVDC distrubution
Domestic Intelligent
DC Grid
3...20kW
CurrentOS
350V or +/-350Vdc (700Vdc)
USB-C standard plugs up to 100W
5kWh peak shaving
Central based storage
EV charging 20kW
3kW Heat pumps
5kW stove
300W ventilation
LED lighting
Smartness communication isolated from the internet. (data isolation)
Supporting the smart grid
Privacy from the start
AC is an option for old devices
Increase capacity in the streets by moving to DC
Progress and looking into the same
direction:
4 large constructors involved
2.4M social households
80% is owned by 7 cooperation's
Grid operators involved
GreenhousesGreenhouses DC application
Lowest decision density for change. (easy to setup)
100W/m² power density DC lighting
100W/m² Heat power generator
Large space available for PV panels
Large grid connection
CurrentOS
Current DC case HMCurrent DC case HM DOE DC
1.3MW
Grow light
1.5MW
PV
Controlled grow lights 1.4MW
DC infrastructure 1.5MW
Double use of converters
Variable 1.5MW power gen set
Next step to connect EV to grid
Vermogens
regelaar
500...1800rpm KANS !!
LVAC
LVDC
+350Vdc
M
-350Vdc
GAS
LVAC
LVDC
Generator
400Vac
CO
2
Warm
te
GAS MOTOR
1,5MW
Lic
ht
vra
ag
Warm
tevra
ag
Kw
h p
rijs
m3 g
as
pri
js
DC DC
SON-T LED
PRDC2
Lichtsterkte regelbaar
Pro
du
ct
pri
js
MVAC
LVAC
DNO
MV
AC
40..100%
Economische
waarde m2
+350Vdc
M
-350Vdc
10/20kVac
3x400Vac 50Hz
PR
METER
WOZ grens
METER
PR
PR
DC DCDC
METER
PR
DC DC DC
Solar greenpoint
715kW PV zonneweide
Bouvardia Vreeken
1,4MW HPS
Gemeente Haarlemmermeer
WOZ grens
optie
AC hand writing and AC glasses textual issues • Phase and Pole (need in chapter 7 a additional sub chapter re-
definition in terms). • M and N (neutral) mismatch. • Connected means that current can flow for example a Neutral PE
connection. • Warning about corrosion in grounded systems is noted • Mechanical disconnect (can become a conflict) • Wire color not clear yet (but close to be defined) • Safe voltage is only safe when power is limited. 120Vdc or 60Vdc
Conclusion • A Guideline is needed to help to understand DC systems • Examples of installations • All cables can be used (but DC must be mentioned in the
datasheet) • Discussion left about separation Mechanical versus Converter • But the NEC 64 is well written and we don’t expect big issues for
DC that can block DC systems
Issues found TC64 Issues found TC64
(NEN1010)(NEN1010) DC Standards
Tools for detecting voltage not depending on AC or DC
Discussion (Light conducting shoes)
Knowledge!!!!!! (Training becomes a must)
Proper marking and labeling of cables or connection
High attention in hybrid systems (AC and DC combined)
We like to see a stronger definition of certification where people can work (not based on voltage but also based on energy level).
What does this mean for What does this mean for
installersinstallers DC in practice
Future roadmap Future roadmap
semiconductorssemiconductors
DC breakthrough
DCHouse
hybrid
AC/DC House DC
Heat Pump
2/50kW
EV
10/20kW
Office
100Wp on
DC
Data
center
>1MW
Factory
>1MW
Ware
house
lighting
Green
house
>1 MW
Steet light
Domestic
Street light
Hiroads
Solar
System
10kW
Solar park
2MW
Power
Watt/mm2
@ 6A/mm2
Cu mg/W 1m
@ 6A/mm2 Can replace
Wires
no PE
Distance 1%
drop @
6A/mm2 60
0V
dc
1500V
dc
12V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 72 W 247/+1817% - 2 0,6 m
24V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 144 W 124/+858% - 2 1,2 m
48V X X X X X X X X X X X X 288 W 61,8/+379% - 2 2,4 m
60V X X X X X X X X X X X X 360 W 49,4/+283% - 2 2,9 m
110V X X X X X X X X X X X X 660 W 27,0/+109% - 2 5,4 m
220V X X X X X X X X X X 1320 W 13,5/+5% 230Vac 1ph 2 10,8 m
300V X X X X X X X X 1800 W 9,9/-23% 230Vac 1ph 2 14,7 m
350V X X X X X X 2100 W 8,5/-34% 230Vac 1ph 2 17,2 m
+/- 190V X X X X X X 2280 W 11,7/-9% 230Vac 1ph 3 18,6 m
380V X X X X X X 2280 W 7,8/-39% 230Vac 1ph 2 18,6 m
400V X X X X X X 2400 W 7,4/-43% 230Vac 1ph 2 19,6 m
500V X X X X X X X X X X X 3000 W 5,9/-54% - 2 24,5 m
+/-300V X X X X X 3600 W 7,4/-43% - 3 29,4 m
600V X X X X X X X X X 3600 W 4,9/-23% 400Vac 3ph 2 29,4 m
+/- 350V X X X 4200 W 6,4/-51% 230Vac 1ph 3 34,3 m
700V X X X X X X X 4200 W 4,2/-34% 400Vac 3ph 2 34,3 m
+/- 380V X X X 4560 W 5,9/-55% 230Vac 1ph 3 37,3 m
760V X X X X X X X X 4560 W 3,9/-39% 400Vac 3ph 2 37,3 m
900V X X X X X X X X X X X 5400 W 3,3/-49% - 2 44,1 m
1000V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 6000 W 3,0/-54% - 2 49,0 m
+/- 600V X X X X X X 7200 W 3,7/-42% 400Vac 3ph 3 58,8 m
1200V X X X X X X X X X X X X X 7200 W 2,5/-34% 690Vac 3ph 2 58,8 m
+/- 700V X X X X X X 8400 W 3,2/-51% 400Vac 3ph 3 68,6 m
1400V X X X X X X Future X X X X X X 8400 W 2,1/-43% 690Vac 3ph 2 68,6 m
Author Harry Stokman 1380 W 12,9 230Vac 1ph 2 11,3 m
EMerge Alliance Best range Proposed standard by Direct Current BV 4157 W 6,4 400Vac 3ph 3 34,0 m
Possible extension Possible 300V/600V grids 7171 W 3,7 690Vac 3ph 3 58,6 m
low voltageAC© 2013 by Direct Current BV internet: www.directcurrent.eu
IEC
USA
Standard
limits
What voltage?What voltage? DC voltage
Research done by Direct Current BV application versus voltage level.
Proposed DC system Proposed DC system
voltage voltage DC systems
700Vdc
SOURCE
PE
+700V
-700V
M
PEMax. -20V +20V
Device
+ 700V M
350Vdc
SOURCE
PE
+350V
M
PEMax. -20V +20V
Device
+ 350V M
Power direction
Power direction
700Vdc
700Vdc
1400Vdc
SOURCE
PE
+700V
-700V
M
PEMax. -20V +20V
Device
+ 700V M
Device
+ 700V M
Device
+ 1400V M
350Vdc
350Vdc
700Vdc
SOURCE
PE
+350V
-350V
M
PEMax. -20V +20V
Device
+ 350V M
Device
+ 350V M
Device
+ 700V M
Power direction
Power direction
LVDC350V LVDCB350V
LVDC700V LVDCB700V
US proposal = ±190Vdc (380Vdc) floating grid (LVDC limitation 600Vdc) Some EU proposals are ±380Vdc (760Vdc) not scalable to ±760Vdc bypassing the 1500V border Finland ±700V..750Vdc 350Vdc level devices can be made 380Vdc compatible. But there is more definition needed to define an open system. DC grid codes to maintain safety and stability.
Green Deal with Dutch government
DC faculty at TU Delft
DC learning programs at the polytechnics
DC in IEC standardization
Proven DC works in public lighting
Greenhouses ready for DC
Development of Current/OS
The Netherlands have a world leading role in DC
Many large enterprises cooperate with our small SMA
Create solutions to make the next step in a full electric world.
DC is ready to end the war DC is ready to end the war
for once and for allfor once and for all
What we have achieved
Wie gelooft dat DC een toekomst heeft?
Wordt DC binnen 5 jaar dagelijkse activiteit?
Gaat AC in het laagspanningsnet verdwijnen?
Eind standEind stand Toekomst
Wat is er voor jullieWat is er voor jullie DC en nu
verder
We hebben een boek
uitgegeven, deze is gratis te
downloaden of in druk te koop
via www.gelijkspanning.org
De markt is
enorm!!
Samen zijn we
unstoppable
Doe mee
En help ons! Direct Current BV
www.directcurrent.eu
www.gelijkstroom.nl
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