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Rail

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Smart grid thinking

Integrated control and protection

Solar power for night and day

Safe to a T

RED is a go for line differential

protection and control

www.abb.com/ffwd

FAST FORWARD WITH ABB POWER SYSTEMS & PRODUCTSWINTER 2008/9

See page 4

Tight fit GIS substationproject forges ahead

PASS in place atReading


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Published by:ABB Limited

Power Systems Division

Oulton Road,Stone, Staffordshire

ST15 0RS

Editor:Karen Strong

Telephone:01785 825050

www.abb.com/uk

contents Tackling current and

future challenges

Its an indication of the unpredictable times in which we live that

in a few short weeks the proposed topic of this message has

changed from the impact of rising commodity prices to how best

to blunt the impact of economic uncertainty.

In no time at all, the threat of increasing prices for raw materials

has eased as demand scales back. Just as in our domestic lives,worries about inflation linked to soaring energy costs have been

overtaken, and industry has greater concerns than commodity

cost increases. We know, however, that all these challenges

remain in the background, once recovery begins to assert itself.

No-one can say for certain what the individual challenges facing

our businesses are, or how long it will take for the current anxiety

to diminish and normal life begin again.

ABB has faced its fair share of challenges over the years, and is

as well placed as any to weather the present storm.

If we have learned any lesson from the past, it is to remain

focused and work together.

While there may be a temptation to overreact, the real solution is

to stay cool, calm and collected. At the same time, as the news

is filled with economic woes, reports are filtering through of

concerns in previously neglected areas. One of these, and one

that affects almost all us as either suppliers or consumers, is the

prediction of an impending power supply crisis. By impending we

mean 510 years away. But for the power industry as a whole,

this really means very soon.

Everyone from government to industry needs to take action.

For many of us, that action involves not allowing infrastructure

investment to be delayed or key decisions to be sidetracked.

The economy will recover, hopefully sooner than later. When it

does, it would be inexcusable if society was immediately thrown

into another crisis where business and industry could not function

because of power cuts.

This really would be snatching defeat out of the jaws of future

success. Lets make sure it does not happen and work together

to maintain the momentum of long-term investment.

Issue 20 Winter 2008/9

Trevor GregoryABB UK Managing Director

3 Solving short circuit problems

The worlds fastest switching device can detect andlimit a short circuit

4 News

UK and international news

6 Smart grid thinking

Peter Jones, ABB Power UKs Head of Technologyoutlines the key elements in ABB smart grids

8 Integrated control and protection

Pre-engineeered, pre-tested and pre-approved equipmentdelivers some important advantages for present andfuture performance of control and protection systems

9 Solar power for night and day

Solar power plant delivers electricity round the clock

10 Safe to a T

The continuing story of ABBs relentless drive forsubstation safety

11 RED is a go for line differentialprotection and control

New devices unleash the full potential for

communication and interoperability in substationautomation equipment

12 A new generation of SESand AVRs

ABBs Unitrol 6000 is the most powerf ul rangeof Static Excitation (SES) and Automatic VoltageRegulators (AVR) for all kinds of synchronousgenerators and motors

Read this issue online:www.abb.com/ffwd


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Circuit-breakersin medium voltage (MV)installations cannot provideany protection againstexceptionally high peak short-circuit currents, as they aretoo slow. By detecting andlimiting a short-circuit currentat the first rise that is in lessthan a millisecond ABBsIs-limiter, regarded as theworlds fastest switchingdevice, ensures that themaximum instantaneous

current occurring remains wellbelow the level of the peakshort-circuit current.

The Is-limiter has both technicaland economic advantages whenused in transformer or generatorfeeders and in switchgearsectionalizing, or connected inparallel with reactors. It is ideal forsolving switchgear short-circuitproblems in power stations, heavyindustry and utility applications.

THE IS-LIMITER PRINCIPLE

The Is-limiter consists of anextremely fast switch, able to carrya high-rated current but having alow switching capacity, and a high

rupturing capacity fuse arranged inparallel. In order to achieve thedesired short opening time, a smallcharge is used as the energy storefor opening of the switch (mainconductor). When the main

conductor is opened, the currentcontinues to flow through theparallel fuse, where it is limitedwithin 0.5 milliseconds, and thenfinally interrupted at the nextvoltage zero passage.

The current flowing throughthe Is-limiter is monitored by anelectronic measuring and trippingdevice. At the very first rise of ashort-circuit current, this devicedecides whether tripping of theIs-limiter is necessary. The threephases are operated independently

of one another.SYSTEM INTERCONNECTIONS

Is-limiters are frequently used ininterconnections between systemsor in bus sections that would notbe adequately short-circuit proof

when connected by a circuit-breaker. They offer a number ofadvantages, including: Reduction of the series network

impedance. The voltage dropscaused by load surges (forexample during motor starting)can be significantly reduced.

Improvement of the currentdistribution at the feedertransformers.

The load-dependent losses of thefeeder transformers are reduced.

Increased reliability of the power

supply. On failure of one feedertransformer, the load is taken overby the other feeder transformerswithout current interruption.The cost of a new switchboardwith higher short-circuit capacitythat would otherwise be requiredis therefore saved.A remarkable advantage of the

use of an Is-limiter is that thevoltage in the part of the systemnot affected by a short-circuit onlydrops for a fraction of a millisecondso that even sensitive loads (such ascomputers) remain protected from

drops in the system voltage.For this reason the IS-limiter isideal for use as a link between anunprotected and a protectedswitchboard or section of aswitchboard.

LINKING PUBLIC ANDPRIVATE NETWORKS

Where a system with its ownpower generating facilities isinterconnected with public supplynetworks, there is a risk ofexceeding the permissible short-circuit current in the utility

network. The most appropriatetechnical solution and sometimesthe only one is to install anIs-limiter in the interconnectionwith the public utility network

If necessary, the Is-limiter can beprovided with a directional trippingcriterion, so it will trip only onshort-circuits in the public supplynetwork if a generator is inoperation.

WORKING IN PARALLELWITH A REACTOR

The Is-limiter can also beconnected in parallel with a reactor.

If a short-circuit occurs behind thereactor, the Is-limiter trips and thecurrent commutates at the firstcurrent rise to the parallel reactor,which then limits the short-circuitcurrent to the permissible level.

0 3FFWD >> www.abb.com/ffwd

Medium Voltage

Solving short-circuit problems withthe worlds fastest switching device

WINTER 2008/9 >> FFWD


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PASS in place at Reading

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News

Work continues apace at Reading,where an ABB and Balfour Beatty

consortium is constructing a new state-of-the-art indoor gas insulated switchgear(GIS) distribution substation for Scottishand Southern Energy (SSE). The confinedbuilding space available on this site,which is already densely populated withswitchgear, is a major challenge

especially as the existing outdoorair insulated switchgear (AIS) equipmentmust remain in service until the circuitscan be transferred to the new substation.So the initial work has focused onreleasing the substantial space needed

for the construction of the new indoorGIS building.

The first enabling phase of the project has beencompleted successfully, on time, with thetemporary installation of two of ABBsinnovative PASS MO hybrid switchgear units.Balfour Beattys new cable system has enabledthe AIS circuits at the far end of the site to be

transferred to the new PASS MO units allowingthe old AIS switchgear to be dismantled and thespace cleared. This has made way for the civilsworks for the new indoor substation building for which the foundations have already beencompleted.

The 2008 IET Innovation Awardsceremony was hosted by TV

presenter Maggie Philbin, best knownfor her time with BBCs much lovedTomorrows World science programme.

Stephen Trotter, General Manager forPower Systems UK, was on hand topresent the award for the ABB-sponsoredSustainability category to Liquid LeverSolutions Ltd for its Moisture-Activated,Polymer-Tube Kink Valve.

Stephen Trotter said, ABB is delighted to beable to encourage entrepreneurial spirit withinthe engineering sector. We also hope to raiseawareness of the exciting career opportunitiesthat exist in our industry. We are pleasedto announce that ABB is continuing itssponsorship of the Sustainability category for2009. With 15 categories to choose from andwith entries not restricted to the UK, there areplenty of opportunities for ABB and itscustomers to show their capabilities.

The awards scheme was launched in 2006and the number of entries has risen by morethan 40 per cent in some categories. They

recognize achievement as well as innovation inengineering. ABBs John Watson, one of thejudges, commented, The Sustainability awardjudging panel was again delighted with thecalibre of entries. All of the short-listed entrieswere worthy candidates.

Ambitious Alliance projects

With its worldwide rail sector business

topping US $1 billion, ABB willhighlight the breadth of its product offering tothe international rail industry at Railtex 2009.It will demonstrate how it offers solutions foreverything from the transmission anddistribution of electricity, through maintainingpower quality, trackside and on-board systemsto surge protection and load balancing. Thecompany plans to introduce at least two newproducts; new compact switchgear and a newrelay.

ABB has a strong service record, offeringfull maintenance and repair, cable laying andjointing, transformer servicing, protection andcontrol systems and substation installation,

alteration and extension.www.abb.com/railtex

Pushing a trackrecord at Railtex2009

Sustaininginnovation

In the past six months the NationalGrid Central Alliance, of which

ABB is a partner, has delivered ninetransformers and reactors to sixsubstation sites in its area. Each waschallenging in different ways and allwere on tight deadlines.

In April SGT2 240MVA 275/132kVtransformer was delivered to the Lister Drivesubstation, not far from the centre of Liverpool.

Next was SGT2 240MVA 400/132kVtransformer for Enderby substation nearLeicester. The 135 tonne transformer wastransported from Goole docks on a specialheavy load low slung girder bridge trailer.Using hydraulic rams, the unit was inched along

the 50 metre long skid-way, then turnedthrough 90 degrees before being skidded over

the bund wall and lowered by jacks on to itsplinth.Other successful deliveries were made to:

Bushbury SGT2 & Ocker Hill substations nearWolverhampton and Tipton in the WestMidlands; Drakelow substation near Burtonupon Trent, SGT8 240MVA 400/132kVtransformer; Frodsham, Cheshire, SGT8 &SGT9 2x 80MVA 400/26.25kV transformersand 2x 40MVA reactors, supplying NetworkRails West Coast Main Line. A special BaillieBridge was deployed to enable the units to bedelivered on site. The bridge has been stowedaway for future use.

ABB has won a contract fromFluor to supply the turbine step-up

transformers that will play a key role inthe operation of the Greater Gabbardwind farm in the North Sea. GreaterGabbard is being developed by Airtricityand will be the largest wind farm in theworld, with 140 wind turbines providinga peak capacity of 504MW, sufficient topower 415,000 homes. An ABBtransformer will be installed in thefoundation of every turbine tower,where it will step up the 690V outputfrom the turbine to the 33kV required

for connection to the inter-turbine arrayand offshore substation platforms thatwill eventually carry the power backto land.

The transformers will be installed in achamber located in the transition piece,

between the base platform and the tower.Fluor selected ABBs 690V/33kV liquidfilled, ground mounted, step-up transformers,rated 4,000kVA, as the optimum solution tofit the very tight space available, with cooling,location of auxiliary equipment and overallsize being critical factors.

The flexibility of ABBs transformer designwas vital, as this enabled it to be tailored tomeet the changing demands as the overalldesign of the transition piece evolved.

The Greater Gabbard offshore wind farmis located around two sand banks known asInner Gabbard and The Galloper in theNorth Sea, off the Suffolk Coast.

Onshore construction activitiescommenced in July 2008 at Sizewell.Construction offshore will commence mid2009 with completion expected by the endof 2010.

The worlds largestoffshore wind farm


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News

ITALYPower refinement

ABB has won a contract worth overUS $22 million from Eni Raffineria di GelaSpA for the turnkey supply of a newhigh-voltage substation, integratedautomation and electrical power systems

and related services for its refinery in Gela,Italy. ABBs GIS compact circuit breaker willsave space and simplify the installation ofnew feeder lines that are planned for theplant. The company will also provide theturnkey services including engineering,supply, erection, commissioning, testand training for electrical, civil andinstrumentation works.The project willbe completed at the end of July 2009.

AZERBAIJANBoost for metals production

Azerbaijans state power utility, AzerEnerji,has given ABB a US $34 million order forturnkey substations and power systems toensure reliable power for the metal industryin Gyandja City in the northwest of thecountry. The contract includes air- and gas-

insulated substations, gas-insulatedswitchgear (GIS), together with breakers,instrument transformers and surge arresters,and a MicroSCADA (Supervisory Controland Data Acquisition) system that willmonitor and control the substations.

JAPANAn order worth US $8.5 million for flexibleAC transmission systems (FACTS) to beinstalled in Asia Special Steel Co Ltd steelplant in Fukuoka, Japan has been placedby LSIS, a South Korean contractor andmanufacturer of electrical equipment. TheSVC Light systems will be used to stabilizethe electric arc furnace voltage feeds as wellas to mitigate electric disturbances in thesteel making process.

CHINAPower sharing extensionABB has won orders worth US $8 millionfrom the State Grid Corporation of China(SGCC) for valve and control systemcomponents on the Lingbao extensionproject on the border of Henan and Shanxiprovinces in central China. The Lingbao IIextension project will expand the existingasynchronous interconnection at theLingbao back-to-back HVDC (high-voltage,direct current) station by an additional750MW.

CANADAHydro wonOrders worth US $32 million have beenwon by ABB from Hydro One Networks,Inc., in Toronto, Canada high-voltage power

products for the expansion of two existing550kV-80kA substations in Ontario. ABBwill design, manufacture, test, supply andprovide on-site technical direction for anexpansion of seven gas insulated switchgear(GIS) circuit breaker positions, including agas insulated bus (GIB) for new line exitconnections, and the provision of interfacesfor existing GIS substations, includinginterfaces to non-ABB GIS substations.

ALBANIAABB has signed a US $20 million contractwith Operatori Sistemit Trasmetimit, theoperator of Albanias electricity transmissionnetwork, for a system to improve thereliability of the grid by monitoring andcontrolling high-voltage transmission.

The ABB Network Manager system will

enhance stability by making it easier topreserve the balance between generationand consumption. The project will also align

Albanias network with European standardsand facilitate power trading withnearby countries.

INTERNATIONAL NEWS

A Flexible AC Transmission (FACTS)system is to be installed in EDF Energy

Networks distribution network on the Norfolkcoast to level out load peaks and improveaccess to wind power.

ABB is working with EDF on the collaborativeresearch, development and demonstration project.

At its heart will be a SVC Light with dynamic

energy storage based on high-tech Saft lithium-ion(Li-ion) batteries.

The new installation will deliver dynamicvoltage control in an 11kV distribution systemwhile, at the same time, enabling the dynamicstorage of surplus energy from windfarms, which can then be used tolevel out peaks in grid loading.This will mean that thewind power can be putto more efficient usethan would otherwisebe possible.

The system will be

constructed in Hemsby,Norfolk, and connected to thedistribution network betweenOrmesby and Martham and be inoperation by the end of 2009.

Allan Boardman, EDF Energy Networksplanning engineer says: This project will allowmore renewable generation connections to existingelectricity networks, and also demonstrate the valueof energy storage.

The installation will improve the usability ofpower from wind farms and avoid the destabilizingeffect it can have on the grid, said Per Eckemark,

Head of ABBs FACTS System Group. It will alsoprovide a useful reference project for energy storage.This collaboration clearly demonstrates both

ABBs and EDF Energy Networks determination toaddress climate change, by improving

network access to renewable electricityproduction. The benefits may

include a reduction in theamount of carbon produced

by the UK powerindustry.

The project isbeing financiallysupported

through industryregulatorOfgems

Innovation FundingIncentive scheme.

The FACTS of renewableelectricity

Lithuim-ion battery system


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The UKs traditional powergrid is based on large, centralized powerstations that supply end-users via long-established, transmission and distributionsystems. Over the years it has performedvery well in delivering secure and reliablepower. But times are changing. The UKGovernment has introduced a blueprintfor 15 per cent of the UKs energyrequirement to be met from renewableresources sources by 2020.

These challenging targets will require the existingtransmission and distribution networks to operatein ways for which they were not originallydesigned. Energy will be generated from largeoffshore windfarms in the North Sea or theNorth of Scotland or from community baseddistrict heating schemes. Small embeddedonshore windfarms and energy storage will bemore common within the distribution system.Increasingly, we will need an intelligent grid thatcan receive power of all qualities from all sources both centralized and distributed and deliverreliable supplies, on demand, to consumers ofall kinds. In other words, what we need is a

smart grid.While there is a great deal of discussion in

the media about smart grids, it is a term that canmean many different things to different people.However in ABBs view, a smart grid is aninfrastructure that puts the emphasis firmly on

active rather than passive control. A good analogyis in the control of traffic on a busy stretch ofmotorway. During off-peak periods, cars candrive freely with no speed restrictions other thanthe maximum speed limit. But in the rush-hourthe warning signs on the overhead gantries areused to impose speed limits on specific lanes.So by restricting the speed of movement ofindividual streams, congestion is avoided,optimizing the flow of all traffic. More intelligentcontrol of power flows in the transmission and

distributions systems will allow higher utilisationeven during high demand periods.

ABBs smart grid philosophy comprises fourkey elements: HVDC Light; FACTS; WAMS;and distribution network management:

HVDC LIGHT

HVDC Light is ABBs patented high voltagedirect current technology based on voltage sourceconverters (VSCs) and extruded DC cables. It is a

well-proven and environmentally-friendly way todesign a power transmission system for asubmarine link, an underground cable system ornetwork interconnection.

HVDC Light can rapidly control both

active and reactive power independently of eachother, to keep the voltage and frequency stable.This gives total flexibility in the location of theconverters in the AC system, since the short-circuit capacity requirements of the connected

AC network are low. An HVDC Light

transmission system can do much more than justtransmit power between two points it can alsoimprove conditions in the connected

AC networks.HVDC Light converter station design is

based on a modular concept. For DC voltages upto 150kV, most of the equipment is installed inenclosures at the factory. For the highest DCvoltages, the equipment is installed in buildings.The site areas needed for converter stations is alsominimal. All equipment except the power

transformers is indoors. Well-proven and testedequipment at the factory make installation andcommissioning quick and efficient. The stationsare designed to be unmanned. They can beoperated remotely or could even be automatic,based on the needs of the interconnected

AC networks.

FACTSFlexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)covers a number of technologies that enhance thesecurity, capacity and flexibility of power

Smart Grids

Peter Jones, Head of Technology for ABB Power UK, outlines the key elements that comprise ABBsapproach to smart grids

Smart grid thinking1

Potential HVDC Light applications include:

Connecting wind farms Underground power links Powering islands Oil & gas offshore platforms; power

from shore Asynchronous grid connection City centre in-feed


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transmission systems. FACTS solutions can helpincrease the capacity of existing transmissionnetworks while maintaining or improving theoperating margins necessary for grid stability.

As a result, more power can reach consumerswith a minimal impact on the environment,after substantially shorter project implementationtimes, and at lower investment costs allcompared with the alternative of building newtransmission lines or power generation facilities.

SERIES COMPENSATIONSeries compensation (SC) is used primarily toreduce transfer reactances, most notably in bulktransmission corridors. The result is a signifcantincrease in the stability of the transmissionsystem transient and voltage.

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitors addanother controllability dimension, as thyristorsare used to dynamically modulate the ohmsprovided by the inserted capacitor. This is usedprimarily to provide inter-area damping ofprospective low frequency electromechanicaloscillations, but it also makes the whole SeriesCompensation scheme very tolerant toSubsynchronous Resonance (SSR).

DYNAMIC SHUNT COMPENSATIONDynamic shunt compensation is based onStatic Var Compensator (SVC) or STATCOM(STATic COMpensator) devices. Both use powersemiconductors to control the exchange of

MVArs with the grid, over a shunt connection.Thanks to cycle-by-cycle controllability, SVC andSTATCOM can counteract event the most rapidvoltage transients and consequently reduce therisk of serious voltage depressions and/orvoltage collapse.

Furthermore, SVCs and STATCOMs can,under steady state conditions, control the gridvoltage profile according to a given optimalcharacteristic. The benefits for the gridowner/operator are that the voltage profile will bemore controlled and the stability limit dictated bysystem voltage will be raised. So the grid capacitycan be enhanced while making its behaviourmore robust, flexible and predictable.

Possible FACTS applications includes:boosting transmission capacity in new and

existing transmission linesimproving long-distance power transferrelieving transmission bottlenecks quicklyimproving power quality

controlling load flowsimproving dynamic stability of gridsminimizing the risk of blackouts facilitating integration of renewable

energy sources.

WAMSWhen taking active control of grid power flowsit is essential to monitor them very carefully andto develop a complete understanding of how thesystem will behave under all circumstances.This is where ABBs wide area monitoringsystem (WAMS) technology comes in.

Transmission system engineers have alwayswanted to monitor grid operations in real time.But until recently, lack of computing power,combined with the substantial difficulties incollecting, coordinating and synchronizing thegrid data made this impossible.

However, the situation has changed throughnew developments in technology such as phasormeasurement units (PMU's). A PMU is anelectronic device installed in the generatingstations and substations located throughouta power grid. Using global positioning system(GPS) satellites to provide highly accurate timestamping, the data supplied by each PMU issynchronized to the same time base.

By monitoring the data in real time, operatorscan use WAMS as an early warning system onethat provides enough time to take the kind ofcorrective action needed to first limit the scopeand impact of system disturbances and thenprevent major blackouts from occurring. Utilities

can also use the data to improve grid securityand safely operate their system closer tomaximum capacity during periods of highelectrical demand.

The benefits of WAMS technology for gridoperators include the capability to:safely optimize the design capacity of their

transmission assets,eliminate or reduce revenue losses due to

transmission system outagesoptimize new equipment investment.enable more rapid and co ordinated recovery

after outages.

DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

MANAGEMENTWhile the previous three elements of the smartgrid focus mainly on the transmission network,the variable nature of the new renewable energysources will require some form of distributedenergy storage, such as large batteries, flywheels,

compressed air and so on to help maintain thesecurity of supply.

In addition, there are calls for the governmentto adopt feed-in-tariff schemes that will activelyencourage small scale renewable generation forexample, farmers might use their land andexisting 11kV connections to install a small arrayof three 6kW wind turbines.

So, as well as distributed energy storage, weneed to anticipate the contribution of manydiverse renewable energy projects single windturbines, wind farms, solar PV on houses, wasteto energy and biomass etc sitting alongside eachother and connecting at multiple points along thenetwork. This means that we need to change the

way we look at power distribution networks toaccommodate more fluctuations in power qualityand two-way power flow, while becoming moreresponsive to changes in consumer demand.

The management of such a complexsystem will depend on real-time and securecommunications and highly adaptive controlsystems. These will provide utilities and theircustomers with real-time information from acrossthe network on the performance of gridinstallations, power flow and consumer demand.They will allow intelligent automated devices toreact to imbalances in the system and alsoimprove asset management by enabling improved

predictive maintenance programmes and fasteremergency response times.The incorporation of enterprise-wide

information systems and customer responsemanagement tools will improve utility operations,enabling better customer relations and theprovision of tailored services.

SUMMARYSmart grids will grow through evolution ratherthan revolution. We expect to see a gradualtransformation of the systems that have servedus for many years into a more intelligent, moreeffective and environmentally sensitive networkto provide for the UKs future needs. ABB has

the expertise and experience to provideintegrated, adaptable solutions now, and thevision and technical know-how to meet thecoming challenges.

In future articles we will look at the individualelements of the smart grid in more detail.

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Smart Grids

2 3

1. Smart Grid infrastructure2. WAMS3. FACTS installation

COMPONENTS INCLUDE:


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Integrated control & protection

Andy Osiecki outlinestwo important new developments in

ABBs approach to integrated controland protection equipment.

IEC 61850 PLANT SIMULATOR FORFUTURE-PROOF TESTING

In 2004 ABB introduced standard baysolutions based on an integrated controland protection philosophy for substation

automation systems. This approach, whichuses pre-engineered, pre-tested and pre-approved equipment, offers a number ofimportant customer advantages, including:the ability to condense the same functionalityinto a much smaller footprint; reduction inon-site work and shorter delivery andcommissioning times.

The need to provide a full audit traildemonstrating that the factory-assembledequipment will function exactly as designedplaces a major emphasis on rigour,repeatability and traceability within the testingregime. That is why we developed our owndedicated, fully automated, computer-based

test installation, or System VerificationSimulator (SVS).

The SVS has now moved forward toembrace the intelligent testing conceptsmade possible by the IEC 61850 substationcommunication protocol that is a key feature

of our new generation of Intelligent ElectronicDevices (IEDs). The combination of an IEC61850 plant simulator, SCADA control systemand secondary injection test set provides a verypowerful integrated testing platform for all bayprotection types. Once all the test informationneeded is made available in IEC 61850format, it is very easy to create repeatable testsequences for all conceivable testing scenarios,with the test signals time-stamped and readily

available for reporting and analysis.Eventually, the IEC 61850 standard will beadopted throughout the substation industry.So with our plant simulator already in place,ABBs integrated control and protectiontesting capabilities are effectivelyfuture-proof.

PUTTING CUBICLE SAFETY ON A NEWPLATFORM

Achieving high levels of health and safety bydesign is integral to every ABB activity. Eventhe seemingly humble equipment cabinethasnt escaped our attention. Feedback frominstallation staff on site showed that the waythe cabinets were delivered bolted on towooden pallets made it difficult to transferthem to the substation floor, especially as theyweigh up to 400kg each.

After some thought and clever design,the wooden pallet has been replaced by apermanently mounted steel plinth.

This provides easy access from all four sides,making it ideal for mechanical handling andeliminating the need to transport and recyclepallets. It is a very simple idea and it is beingrolled out throughout the supply chain.

Another, simple but effective solution helpsremove the risk of cabinets toppling when theyhave to be positioned over a cable entry. Thecabinet has to be moved with its door open,and when full with heavy equipment it can be

rather unsteady. So we are now providing a setof temporary stabilizers that bolt to the frontof the cabinet to prevent it toppling forward.When the cabinet is secured in place, thestabilizers are simply removed and stored forfuture use.

The safety by design approach is alsomaking a valuable contribution to the issueof working at height encountered whenassembly staff have to reach up inside to thetop of a 2.2m high cabinet. Now, instead ofusing an external platform and leaning intothe cabinets, or standing on a narrowelephants foot step inside it, a robustaluminium step has been designed that fits

across the internal cross brace about 0.5mabove the floor. This provides a safe andcomfortable working platform to work on.We have also introduced a second step that fitsat the front of the cabinet to make the step upor down even easier.

New developments in standardbay solutions

Equipment cabinets are now safer and easier to move into position


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Europes first large-scalesolar energy plant the 100 MW Andasol1 and 2 in the Sierra Nevada of southernSpain is opening up a new era inrenewable emissions-free powergeneration. The innovative processis controlled by ABBs Extended

Automation System 800xA.

Andasol 1 has started its test run and will

be connected to the Spanish grid after thesuccessful completion of this trial period -Andasol 2 will go into operation in 2009. Thepower plants are located in one of the sunniestparts of Spain, the desert-like heights of theSierra Nevada in Andalusia. Andasol 1 is thefirst parabolic trough power plant in Europe,and the largest solar power plant in the world.

Andasol 1 and 2 will each generate 50 MWof emissions-free electricity using innovativetechnology that captures and concentratessunlight in two vast solar fields of trough-shaped parabolic mirrors. The technologyconverts the solar radiation into heat, whichis pumped to adjacent power plants where it

generates electric power from steam turbines.Both power plants will be controlled byABBs Extended Automation System 800xAand ABB Power Generation Portal software.The power generated at the plants will bedelivered to the local grid via ABB power

transformers and substation equipment.Andasol 1 and 2 will produce about

350 GWh of electricity per year, enoughto power 100,000 Spanish households, anddisplace about 300,000 tonnes of greenhousegas emissions a year.

Each power plant has its own 50 hectaresolar field containing 624 parabolic troughsarranged in 156 loops. The fields produce upto twice the thermal energy that can be

absorbed by the plants steam turbines. Theexcess energy is stored in liquid salt tanks forup to seven hours, thereby ensuring acontinuous and stable supply of electric powerto the grid even in the middle of the night.With the Andasol power plants, the Germandeveloper Solar Millennium AG has taken thefirst steps in a market set for enormous growth -by 2020, a variety of studies and/or institutionspredict a worldwide installed solar thermalcapacity of at least 20,000 MW.

ABB has unrivalled expertise in supplyingdistributed control systems for power generationtechnologies - from conventional coal- or gas-fired plants to renewable technologies like solar

energy. System 800xA is the only distributedcontrol system compatible with all leadingcommunication protocols, and PowerGeneration Portal is one of the most widelyused information platforms in the world withan installed base of more than 1,000 systems.

SUMMER/AUTUMN 2008 >> FFWD 0 9FFWD >> www.abb.com/ffwd

Solar Power

Automated solar power plantproduces electricity day and night

Photos Solar Millenium AG


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Health & Safety

People working in substations face a numberof Occupational Health & Safety (OHS) risks.These include: working at height, working withelectricity and lifting operations, and managingthe safety of contractors.

To keep everyones eye firmly on the topic,Claudio Facchin, head of ABB Power SystemsSubstation business unit is sponsoring anEnergizing Safety initiative to increase stillfurther the companys substation safety

performance.Claudio Facchin says, By their very nature

substations are home to a good many risks. Thisfact means that we must have a formal processand a culture of safety on every one of oursubstation projects.

The Energizing Safety initiative is a pre-emptive, strategic tool to keep our people safewithout weakening our ability to successfullymeet our customer commitments.

ABB is developing a formal projectmanagement process for all its local businesses.This embraces its expertise in project sitemanagement and risk reduction.

Right from the pre-bid stage, through to

completion, health and safety should beembedded in each phase of the project.Checklists (including a Contractor Code ofPractice for construction site), procedures andaudit tools are being introduced.

As a first step, the ABB Group SustainabilityAffairs team organized a UK training session inSeptember. Twenty participants, including safety,operational and construction managers fromeight different regions took part. Marc Slater,Group OHS advisor, led the workshop togetherwith Bob Narvaez, health and safety manager forPower Systems in North America, and JimMiller, construction manager from the UK.

After some brief introductory lectures, thetraining became hands-on: the group visited anABB construction site and had the opportunityto put the theory into practice. The followingdays were spent in a construction college, whereeveryone built their knowledge of vital topicssuch as the safe handling of ladders, scaffoldsand towers. They also learned the specific OHSrisks to be considered for excavations, trenchingand heavy equipment.

The purpose of this training was to createa number of OHS champions capable of visitingand auditing project sites identifying potentialdangers and unsafe practices, as well as beingcompetent in managing these risks with theproject managers responsible for each location.

Safe to a T

ABB is unwilling to rest on itslaurels despite an excellent health &safety record across its businesses,the industries it serves and a very largenumber of customer sites. The latestdrive in the companys Power Systemsbusiness has focused on employeesworking at power substations.

By their very nature, substations are home to agood many risks. This fact means that we musthave a formal process and a culture of safety onevery one of our substation projects.


11/12011FFWD >> www.abb.com/ffwd

Substation Automation

RED615, part of ABBs 615 productseries, is a phase-segregated two-endline differential protection and controlintelligent electronic device (IED) thatis perfectly harmonized for utility andindustrial power systems, includinglooped and meshed distributionnetworks with or without decentralizedpower generation. Re-engineered fromthe ground up, the new 615 series hasbeen designed to unleash the fullpotential of the IEC 61850 standard forcommunication and interoperability ofsubstation automation equipment withminimal disruption.

RED615 provides high speed, longitudinaldifferential protection for overhead lineand cable feeders in distribution networks.Two RED615s interconnected over acommunication link form an absolutelyselective unit protection scheme. Protectionof ring-type and meshed distribution networksgenerally requires unit protection solutions,also applied in radial networks containingdistributed power generation.

Typical RED615 applications include twoor multiple parallel lines between substationsand meshed cable networks in urban and

suburban areas. Line differential protectionis also applied to industrial power systemsand special objects, such as power systemsfor road and rail tunnels and cable networksfor wind farms.

STANDARDIZED CO MMUNICATIONRED615 features native support for the newIEC 61850 standard for communication insubstations. The relay also supports theindustry-standard Modbus protocol 3.0.The in-depth implementation of the IEC61850 substation communication standard inRED615 also includes horizontal peer-to-peercommunication over a substation-wideEthernet LAN using the GOOSE-servicesdefined by the standard.

PROTECTION COMMUNICATION

SUPERVISION

The communication channel between

each end of the protected line is constantlysupervised. Should the communicationchannel be interrupted or suffer interference,the fast-acting line differential protectionfunctions will be restrained immediately.The automatic restraint affects all functionsthat rely on the continuous availability ofthe protection communication channel.The channel supervision includes recognitionof missing or delayed telegrams carryingsampled analogue measurement values orbinary information.

The sensitivity of the supervision functionand the reset delay are user-selectable.

Prolonged interference and a total interruptionof the communication channel will trigger analarm message, which can be used to alert thenetwork operator and to release a back-upprotection scheme.

PRE-EMPTIVE MONITORINGTo secure the operational availability of theprotection, RED615 incorporates a rangeof monitoring and watchdog functions tosupervise the hardware and software, thecommunication system and the circuit-breakertrip circuit.

Hardware supervision also incorporatesthe current transformers (CTs). CT faultsmay cause undesired operation of the linedifferential protection and the phase unbalanceprotection. Therefore, a fast-acting CTsupervision system blocks the operation of theline differential protection function and thephase unbalance protection function on

detection of any CT signal anomaly.RAPID SET-UP

RED615 features a unique plug-in designthat speeds up installation and testing. Andsince RED615 is adapted specifically for theprotection of overhead lines and cable feeders,it can be rapidly set up and commissioned,once it has been given the application-specificsettings. If the settings need adjustment, theflexibility of the RED615 allows the standardsignal configuration to be altered by the signalmatrix tool (SMT) included in the PCM600IED setting and configuration tool.

Connectivity packages containing detailed

descriptions of ABBs protection IEDs, withdata signals, parameters and addresses, enablethe IEDs to be automatically configured viathe MicroSCADA Pro system, the COM600Station Automation series devices or thePCM600 IED setting and configuration tool.

RED is a go for line differentialprotection and control

WINTER 2008/9 >> FFWD


12/12

Power Generation

UNITROL 6000 is ABB's latestand most powerful generation of StaticExcitation Systems (SES) and Automatic

Voltage Regulators (AVR) designed to

deliver high performance control for allkinds of synchronous generators andmotors. Available for output currentsup to 10,000A (DC) and ceiling voltagesup to 2000V (DC), the new range makesa highly efficient contribution tonetwork stability.

The UNITROL 6000 product range usesthe AC 800PEC controller, which has beendeveloped as an extension of the 800Axcontrol platform to meet the particular high-

speed control requirements of powerelectronics applications such as MV Drives,Frequency Converters and High CurrentRectifiers. The compatibility of the 800Axapplication software tool with the AC 800PECplatform is an additional important advantage.

For maximum flexibility, UNITROL 6000is based on reusable thyristor bridge modules.Depending on output current and requestedavailability, the modules can be connected in

parallel. In case of three or more parallelmodules, the current sharing among themodules is actively optimized.

The architecture of the main controller

depends on availability requirements. Whiletwo identical control channels are state-of-the-art for larger generators, high-end applicationsmay require an additional independent back-up controller, which can be implemented inthe UNITROL 6000 system. The connectionbetween the various controllers is by fibre-optic serial communication. This ensureselectrical isolation and highest possibleEMC immunity.

UNITROL 6000 the new generationof Static Excitation Systems (SES) and

Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR)

CONTACTSYou can find more informationon the stories in this issue at:www.abb.com/ffwd or call usas follows

Rail 01785 825050

Power Generation 01785 825050

Substations 01785 825050HV Switchgear 01925 741457

MV Switchgear 01925 741433

Automation 01785 825050

Protection & Control 01785 825050

Service 0845 6011946

Power Qual ity 0151 3578400

Transformers 01925 741469Asset Management 01785 825050

Wind Power 01785 825050

General Enquires 01785 825050

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