PV Inverter Seminar

7/28/2019 PV Inverter Seminar

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Testing grid-connected PV-inverters

for compliance in different countries

By Grady YeIntertek Testing Services Guangzhou

2011-05


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Country Safety Grid-tied

USA UL 1741 IEEE 1547

Canada CSA C22.2 No. 107.1 CSA C22.2 No. 107.1

Germany EN 62109-1, EN 62109-2 VDE 0126-1-1

Spain EN 62109-1, EN 62109-2 RD 1663

UK EN 62109-1, EN 62109-2 ER G83/1 (16A)

ER G59/1 (16A)

EU EN 62109-1, EN 62109-2 EN 50438

Australia AS/NZS 3100 AS 4777.2, AS 4777.3

PV-inverter Regulation/Standard List


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Typical Testing for PV Inverter


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PVI Enclosure Design (1/2)

Outdoor use: Water, Dust, Temperature, UV, Corrosion

:

US requirement: NEMA xx, tested to UL 50E

: NEMA xx,UL50E

PV-inverter commonly rated NEMA 3R

3R

NEMA 3R: Rain test


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PVI Enclosure Design (2/2)

Gasket may be required and tested

European market: Follow the IPxx IPxx

IEC/EN 60529 to be followed IEC/EN 60529

PV inverter is commonly rated IP65 or IP54 IP65 or IP54


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Spacings/Clearances/Creepages

UL 1741: Basic requirement 12.7 mm (between live partsand enclosure)

UL 174112.7 mm ()

Decided by working voltage & mains voltage which isinfluenced by DC input voltage and inverter topology.

AC &DC


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GFDI (Ground Fault Detection/Interruption)

UL 1741 requires a GFDI for PV-inverter to protect againstfire hazard

UL 1741GFDI

Four functions of GFDI GFDI detecting a ground fault,

providing an indication of the fault,

interrupting the flow of fault current, and

either isolating the faulted array section or disabling the inverter to cease

the export of power.


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Output overload test

UL 1741 requires the output of the inverter be protectedagainst overload.

UL1741

If protection is achieved by a software, firmware & DSPThe software shall be evaluated to UL1998 (additional cost

and additional testing time), and sensing circuit shall be

special evaluated.

,

UL1998


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Surge Test

UL 1741 requires GFDI subjected to surge testing

UL 1741GFDI

Ring wave surge: 0.5 s (10-90%), oscillatory wave 10 s,3 kV / 6 kV

After surge Calibration test to GFDI

GFDI


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IEC 62109 Special Requirement

A new standard which harmonizes American standardsUL1741 & IEEE 1547, IEC standards IEC 60950 & IEC

62103, and German standard VDE 0126-1-1

Concept from UL 1741: Input and output powercharacteristic, Abnormal tests, Markings

UL1741


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IEEE 1547 Voltage trip

Overvoltage: 110% - 120% UN < 1.00 s

120% UN < 0.16 s

Undervoltage: 50% - 88% UN < 2.00 s

< 50% UN < 0.16 s


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IEEE 1547 Frequency trip

Overfrequency: > 60.5 Hz < 0.16 s

Underfrequency: < 59.3 Hz < 0.16 s


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IEEE 1547 Power Quality

DC injection Test Shall not inject 0.5% of DC current of the full rated

output current to the AC mainsDCAC0.5%

Harmonics Test


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IEEE 1547 Anti-islanding

Using an R-L-C oscillation circuit RLC

Q = 1.0 (Quality factor) 1.0

It shall detect & trip < 2.0 s &2.0

Test shall be conducted in 100%, 66%, 33% output power


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VDE 0126-1-1

Applicable to the Germanmarket

Applicable for the grid-interaction protocol

Other EU countries havesimilar requirements to

VDE 0126-1-1


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VDE 0126-1-1 - Output Switch

Single-fault free for the trip relay

Voltage, Frequency and Current sensing shall besingle-fault free, &

Provide two separate relays (double poles)

Dual CPU CPU


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VDE 0126-1-1 - Voltage Tripping

Overvoltage, 1.15 Un, < 0.2 s

Undervoltage, 0.8 Un, < 0.2 s

Overvoltage monitoring, 1.1 Un, 10 min


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VDE 0126-1-1 - Frequency Tripping

Overfrequency: 50.2 Hz, < 0.2 s

Underfrequency: 47.5 Hz, < 0.2 s


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VDE 0126-1-1 - DC current monitoring

DC 1 A

< 0.2 s


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VDE 0126-1-1 - Anti-islanding

Method 2: By resonant circuit

RLC parallel resonant circuit RLC

100%, 50%, 25% load tested

Q 2 Tripping time: < 5 s


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VDE 0126-1-1 - RCMU (Leakage Current)

In the VDE standard, this is forelectric shock protection & firehazard ---

300 mA is continuous current for firehazard300 mA

30/60/150 mA is for sudden changecurrent for electric shock protection

30/60/150 mA 30 mA, < 0.3 s

60 mA, < 0.15 s 150 mA, < 0.04 s > 300 mA, < 0.3 s


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AS 4777.3

AS 4777.3 Grid connection of energy systems via

Inverters --- Part 3 Grid protection requirements

Passive anti-islanding --- Voltage & Frequency limit (< 2s)200V270V,45Hz55Hz

Active Anti-islanding (< 2s) light electronic load;

load match; and 100% (RLC)

load match plus 10%. 110% (RLC)


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PV Inverter Seminar

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