PowerPoint - Basiskennis

7/21/2019 PowerPoint - Basiskennis

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UIZA[UILCW

LCHIQG

0

Lcbalglcj .......................................................................................>

0.0 Z`t ................................................................................................>0.; Ipst`rtac ......................................................................................>0.> Zarfsnharm ..................................................................................>

;

Urasact`tla kaflofac ....................................................................7

;.0 Urasact`tla ipacac .......................................................................7;.; Zaarj`vac ....................................................................................7;.> Urasactarac ...................................................................................1

>

Urasact`tla m`fac .......................................................................1

>.0

Clauwa prasact`tla ........................................................................1

>.; Urasact`tla ipsb``c .......................................................................1>.>

Wafstv`ffac ...................................................................................1

>.7 Gl`s lcviajac ...............................................................................4>.1

Gl`s varwlogarac ...........................................................................4

>.4 Gl`-lcgablcj ...................................................................................:>.: Gl`s irgacac ................................................................................:

7 Urasact`tla ipm`fac ..................................................................:7.0 Lcbalglcj .........................................................................................:7.;

Wham`s ........................................................................................:

7.> Wafstipm``f ac `blca`ipm``f ..................................................... @dkaabglcj ...................................................................................051.7 W`kab............................................................................................0;1.1 Gl`jr`m (Jr`dlaf) ........................................................................0;1.4 Hyparblcfs ...................................................................................0>1.:

Tirmac ........................................................................................0>

1.8 @ntlafcippac ...............................................................................0>1.

@`cjap`sta `clm`tla ...................................................................08

: Urasact`tla dgruffac ...............................................................;7:.0 @dgrufvacstar..............................................................................;7:.; Gl`s ............................................................................................;7

:.>

H`cg-iuts ....................................................................................;7

:.7

@dgruffac ....................................................................................;1


2/30

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8

Wlps .............................................................................................;4

8.0 Urasact`tla ..................................................................................;48.; Urasactarac .................................................................................;:8.> Hia hat clat miat.................. Diut! Kb`gwlozar clat jagadlclaarg.8.7 Lcp`ffac viir NG ........................................................................;:

. Oa f`c hat prijr`mm` ultar``rg iif ipacacvl` aacscabfippablcj abgars.

IUG[@NHW Ipac Mlnrisidt Uiwarpilct ;50>.

0.> ZA[F^NHA[M

Oa harfact ga lctussac raags kafacga Iddlna blctac. Blcfs lc hat snharm vlcgoa ga mlcl`tuurwaarj`vac v`c ga gl`s. Lc hat mlggac hat kawarfvacstar viirga jasabantaarga gl`, mat g``ricgar aac klohiracg citltlavabg viir gasprafar. [anhts vlcg oa c``rjab`cj ga jasabantaarga iptla cu ac g`c aact``fvacstar g`t varsnhlbbacga ducntlas f`c lccamac. Icgar``c vlcg oa gast`tusk`bf mat icgar `cgara iif ga waarj`vascabfippablcjac ac aacziimsnhuldrajab``r.

M^ Iddlna

UiwarUilct ;50>


4/30

7

; U[A^ACW@WLA KAFLOFAC

;.0 U[A^ACW@WLA IUACAC

Oa f`c aac prasact`tla ipacac vl` ga varfaccar. Z`ccaar oa gukkab fblft ip

aac prasact`tla wirgt gaza jaipacg lc UiwarUilct.Oa f`c aac prasact`tla iif ranhtstraafs ipacac lc UiwarUilct. Fblf ip acprasact`tla ult ga blost id fblf ip ga blcf @cgara Urasact`tlas ipacac im takb`garac ip oa pn.^t``t ar `b aac prasact`tla ipac ac oa wlb cij aac `cgara ipacac, fblf g`c ipKast`cgIpacacFlas ult [anacta Urasact`tlas, IcaGrlva, Nimputar.Fblf oa ip Nimputar g`c frloj oa cijm``bs ga ranacta prasact`tlas ta zlac. Fblfip Kb`garac im ta ziafac lc oa pnFblf ip Ipacac.

IUG[@NHW

Giwcbi`g ga prasact`tla Uiwarpilct.pptx v`cip Wibagi, sb` gaza ip lc oiuw parsiicblofa

m`p ac ipac za lc Uiwarpilct.

;.; ZAA[J@TAC

[anhts icgar``c lc ga st`tusk`bf st``c 7 kab`cjrlofa fcippacw``rmaa oa f`c ivarsnh`fabac c``r aac `cgara waarj`va(waarj`vascabfippablcjac).

* Hat aarsta fcipoa balgt oa c``r ga cirm`ba waarj`va. Lc gaza waarj`vaf`coa gl`s kawarfac.

* Mat aac fblf ip hat twaaga fcipoa fim oa lc ga gl`siirtaargar waarj`va.Oa frlojt aac tit``bkblf ip oa prasact`tla. Oa zlat v`c abfa gl` aac mlcl`tuur.

* Mat hat garga fcipoa fim oa lc ga baaswaarj`va taranht. Hlarmaa f`c oaga gl`s ip hat vibbaglj snharm kaflofac, cat zi`bs klo ga prasact`tla m``roa hakt icgar``c wab cij fcippac tar kasnhlfflcj.

* Fblf ip hat vlarga fcipoa (Gl`viirstabblcj) im oa prasact`tla taprasactarac kajlccacg klo ga `ntlava (jasabantaarga) gl`.

IUG[@NHW ^nh`fab tussac ga kasprifac waarj`vac.

Cirm``b

Gl`sirtaargar

Baaswaarj`va

Gl`viirstabblcj


5/30

1

;.> U[AÂCWA[AC

Lc ga virlja p`r`jr` d warg raags varmabg g`t oa aac prasact`tla f`cwaarjavac `bs gl`viirstabblcj v`c`d ga `ntlava gl` giir ip ga fcipGl`viirstabblcj ta fblffac.

Im aac prasact`tla v`c klo ga st`rt ta prasactarac sabantaar oalc hat macu Gl`viirstabblcjT`c`d kajlc (id ducntlatiatsD1).

Wlogacs ga prasact`tla f`c oa icgar `cgara ivarj``c c``r aac vibjacga gl`mat? mulsfblf, sp`tla, actar, p`jagiwc. Oa faart taruj mat k`nfsp`na idp`jaup.

Oa f`c iif giir ga gl`s c`vljarac mat ga plobtoas id vl` J` c``r gl` lchat scabmacu g`t varsnhloct `bs oa mat ga ranhtar mulsfcip ip gagl`viirstabblcj fblft.

IUG[@NHW

Jaad ga prasact`tla waar v`c klo ga st`rt. Biip haac ac waar lc ga prasact`tla.

> U[AÂCW@WLA M@FAC

>.0 CLAQZA U[AÂCW@WLA

Oa st`rt aac clauwa prasact`tla vl` hat macu Kast`cgClauw.

Oa f`c flazac viir aac Baja prasact`tla id viir aacprasact`tla ip k`sls v`c aac tham` (vl` ga blcfkivac``c) id aac so`kbiic.

IUG[@NHW

M``f aac clauwa prasact`tla `c ip k`sls v`c aac tham` c``r fauza. Wast iif ga

so`kbicac ult!

>.; U[AÂCW@WLA IU^B@@C

âbantaar lc hat macu Kast`cgIpsb``c. Flas aac katafaclsvibba c``m

ac aac jasnhlfta bin`tla im hat kast`cg ip ta sb``c ac fblf ip Ipsb``c.TlÌpsb``c `bs f`c oa ga prasact`tla iif ipsb``c `bs aac UiwarUilct ;55>prasact`tla zig`t za zicgar ga lcst`bb`tla v`c aac pbujlc f`c jaipacg wirgacmat ga virlja varslas. Tl` ga fauzablost klo ipsb``c `bs hak oa cij t`b v`c`cgara fauzas.

IUG[@NHW

^b` ga prasact`tla ip lc oa parsiicblofa m`p mat `bs c``m ^tugli055.pptx.Kaflof ga

mijablofhagac v`c Ipsb``c `bs.

>.> WAF^WT@FFAC

^t`cg``rg st``t ar raags aac aarsta gl`. Glt ls aac tltabgl`. Marf ip g`t arraags tafstv`ffac ``cwazlj zloc. Oa typt lchiug lc aac tafstv`f giir glt v`f``c ta fblffac ac ar varvibjacs ga jawacsta tafst lc ta typac.

T`c`d kajlc

C`vljarac

Wltabgl`


6/30

4

IUG[@NHW

Wyp `bs tltab ^tugli 055 ac `bs suktltab Flcgarprijr`mm`s lc ga tltabgl`.

>.7 GL@^ LCTIAJAC

Fblf vl` hat blct ip ^t`rtClauwa gl` im aac gl` lc ta viajac c` gajasabantaarga gl` (oa f`c gl`s gasjawacst cij ip lagar mimactvarpb``tsac). Oa f`c avacaacs jakrulf m`fac v`c ga scabtiats NW[B + M.Giir ip ga plob c``st Clauwa gl` ta fblffac f`c oa ip aac scabba m`clar ga

jawacsta lcgablcj viir ga clauwa gl` sabantarac. Wltab ac ikoant ls gast`cg``rg iptla.

IUG[@NHW

Tiaj ; clauwa gl`s mat `bs lcgablcj Wltab ac ikoantlc c` ga tltabgl`.

Hat ls avacaacs mijablof im gl`s ta gupblnarac giir ga mlcl`tuurwaarj`va tasabantarac ac varvibjacs ranhts ta fblffac ac Gl` gupblnarac``c ta fblffac.

IUG[@NHW

Gupblnaar ga tltabgl`.

>.1 GL@^ TA[ZLOGA[AC

Oa varwlogart aac gl` giir ga mlcl`tuur ``c ta fblffac ac ip ga Gabata-tiatsta gruffac. Oa f`c iif hlar jakrulf m`fac v`c hat scabmacu.

IUG[@NHW

Tarwlogar ga jagupblnaarga tltabgl`.

Clauwa gl`

Gl` gupblnarac

Gabata


7/30

:

>.4 GL@-LCGABLCJ

G``rcat warg raags kasprifac g`t oa klo hat lcviajacv`c aac gl` mataac f`c flazac viir ga jawacstalcgablcj.

Ga gl`-lcgablcj kap``bt wabfa abamactac (tafst,`dkaabglcjac, dlbmdr`jmactac, jr`dlafac,) ar ip aacgl` st``c ac w``r za ip ga gl` st``c.

Oa wlozljt ga lcgablcj v`c ga gl` giir aac `cgaralcgablcj ``c ta fblffac vl` ^t`rtLcgablcj.

IUG[@NHW

Kaflof ga varsnhlbbacga lcgablcjac.

>.: GL@^ I[GACAC

Ga thumkc`lbs lc hat blcfar vacstar v`c ga cirm`ba waarj`va id hatmlggacvacstar v`c ga gl`sirtaargarwaarj`va f`c oa varsbapac im gl`s aac`cgara pb``ts ta javac lc ga prasact`tla.

IUG[@NHW

Ub``ts ga garga gl` viir ga twaaga gl`.

7 U[A^ACW@WLA IUM@FAC

7.0 LCBALGLCJ

Hat ls ``cjac``m viir ga flofar im aac `nhtarjricg, p`ssacga tafstfbauracac ``cjap`sta battartypas ta jakrulfac. Hat ls mijablof im ga ipm``f zabd lcta stabbac id im aac so`kbiic ta jakrulfac. Ip glt mimact m``f oa jakrulfv`c aac so`kbiic.

7.; WHAM@^

Aac ultjasprifac viirgaab v`c hat jakrulf v`c aac so`kbiic ls g`t oa scab aacmiil rasubt``t frlojt ac g`t `bba fbaurac ac `cgara ipm``ffacmarfac miil ipabf``r zloc djastamg.

Im aac so`kbiic id tampb`ta tia ta p`ssac (id ta wlozljac) ip aac prasact`tlasabantaar oa lc hat blct Ictwarpac. Tarvibjacs f`c oa aac tham` sabantarac.

Tarsbapac

^cab ac jiag


8/30

8

Giir ip ga plob, jaab jam`rfaarg lc ga kivacsta `dkaabglcj, ta fblffac frloj oa`bba tham`s ta zlac. Hat twaaga gaab Qlt Iddlna.nim kav`t tham`s gla vl`upg`tas tar kasnhlfflcj wirgac jastabg.Tl` hat jam`rfaarga plobtoa klo T`rl`ctac f`c oa Fbaurac ac Battartypas

`bsiif Addantac ac @nhtarjricgstlobac ``cp`ssac.Klo ga tham`s (zla kivacsta `dkaabglcj) f`c oa hat fbauracsnham` ac hatbattartypa lc cij ``cp`ssac.

Aac baufa clauwljhalg slcgs Iddlna ;55: ls g`t `bs oa mat ga mulsnursirstlbst``t ip aac ipm``fiptla oa `b aac viirkaabg frlojt v`c hia ga prasact`tlaar z`b ultzlac w`ccaar oa ga iptla ``cfblft. Gaza da`tura f`c tlogskasp`racgzloc.

^t`cg``rg wirgt aac tham` id aac fbauracsnham`ip `bba gl`s tiajap`st. G`t ls maast`b hat maast

``cjawazac. @bs oa anhtar c id maargara gl`swlb b`tac `dwlofac v`c hat st`cg``rg tham`, f`c oaga gl`(s)sabantarac, varvibjacs fblf oa mat garanhtar mulsfcip ip hat jawacsta tham` id hat jawacsta fbauracsnham` acsabantaar oa Wiap`ssac ip jasabantaarga gl`s ult hat scabmacu.

IUG[@NHW

U`s aac cgar ictwarpso`kbiic c``r fauza tia ip oa prasact tla.

Zlozlj hat fbauracsnham` `c viir ga haba prasact`tla.

Zlozlj hat fbauracsnham` v`c ga tltabgl`.

Ga tham`s wirgac klo hat lcst`bbarac v`c upg`tas ``cjavubg.

Klo ga st`rt v`c aac clauwa prasact`tla f`c oa iif glrant aac icblca so`kbiicflazac (zla puct >.0).

IUG[@NHW

@bba tham`s

Fbaurac / battartypas

Uravlaw

Jasabantaarga gl`s

Icblca


9/30

WAF^WIUM@@F AC @BLCA@IUM@@F

Ga ipm``f v`c tafst ac tafstv`ffac f`c oa wlozljac giir ga tafst id hattafstv`f ta sabantarac ac varvibjacs jakrulf ta m`fac v`c ga iptlasBattartypa ac @blca` icgar ga iptla ^t`rt lc hat blct. Maast`b ls hat``cjawazac im zivaab mijablof ga st`cg``rg iptlas v`c hat jafizac tham`ta kaw`rac. Cu ac g`c ls hat aac maarw``rga im aac fbamtiic ta bajjac.Hat battartypa b``t oa klo viirfaur icjawlozljg. Z`ccaar oa fbaurac wlozljt, flas`c aac fbaur ult ga tham`fbaurac.

7.7 WHAM@ @@CU@^^AC

Hat ls mijablof im zabd aac gl`migab taictwarpac id hat gl`migab ``c ta p`ssacvl` KaabgGl`migab.

Oa f`c varvibjacs lc ga varsnhlbbacga typagl`s wlozljlcjac (vk. tafstjriitta,fbaur,) ``ckracjac gla `utim`tlsnh tiajap`st zubbac wirgac ip `bbanirraspicgaracga gl`s lc ga prasact`tla.

Battartypa / blca`

Gl`migab


10/30

05

1 IKOANWAC LCTIAJAC

1.0 LCBALGLCJ

Lc w`t vibjt wirgac ga mijablofhagac v`c ga kab`cjrlofsta ikoantac

kasprifac.

Oa f`c abf ikoant ip lagar mimact cij varjritac, varfbalcac ac varpb``tsac.

1.; WAF^W

Lc aac tafstv`f f`c oa tafst lcviarac. Wafst lc aac tafstv`f jaad oa aaccummarlcj id ipsimmlcj maa vl` icgarst``cga plntijr`mmac lc hatblct ^t`rt@blca`.

Lc gazabdga warfk`bf vlcg oa icgarst``cga fcippac w``rmaa oa galcsprlcjlcj v`c aac ipsimmlcjsltam id cummarlcjltam varjriit id

varfbalct.

IUG[@NHW

M``f icgarst``cga gl` (twaaga gl`).

Bis v`c ga gl`-lcgablcj f`c oa ip lagar mimact aac tafstv`f lcviajac vl`hat blct Lcviajac Wafstv`f. Tarvibjacs fblf oa lc aac gl` ac f`c oakajlccac typac. Hat tafstv`f f`c oa varvibjacs cij varpb``tsac.

1.> @DKAABGLCJ

Cat `bs lc aac Zirg-ginumact f`c oa iif ip aac gl` lbbustr`tlas ult ganblp`rtklkblithaaf v`c Iddlna lcviajac.

Oa f`c jakrulf m`fac v`c ga lcviajmijablofhalg v`c aac ikoant vl` ga gl`-lcgablcj id oa f`c aac lbbustr`tla lcviajac vl` LcviajacIcblca`dkaabglcjac . Glt ls clauw, `bba Iddlna-`dkaabglcjac st``c icblca.

@`cp`ssac

Ipsimmlcj

Lcsprlcjlcj

Wafstv`f

Lbbustr`tlas


11/30

00

Oa f`c cu flazac im ta ziafac lc ga Lbbustr`tlas, _iafac vl` Klcj id, w`ccaaroa ``cjamabg kact f`c oa ziafac lc Dblnfr, IcaGrlva

IUG[@NHW

Tiaj aac p`ssacga lbbustr`tla lc, c``st hat ivarzlnht, ip ga twaaga gl`.

Hat ls avacaacs mijablof im aljac `dkaabglcjac lc ta viajac v`c ip aacsnhlod.

Iif hlar f`c oa jakrulf m`fac v`c ga lcviajmijablofhalg v`c aac ikoant vl`ga gl`-lcgablcj id vl` hat macu Lcviajac @dkaabglcj.

IUG[@NHW

^b` ga `dkaabglcjac v`c ^`msic, Ubip ac ^prlcj, gla oa vlcgt ip Wibagi, ip lc oaparsiicblofa m`p. Tiaj ga > `dkaabglcjac lc ip ga >ga gl` mat `bs tltab Fb`sslafars.

Oa f`c avacaacs `dkaabglcjac fiplrac v`c hat lctarcat (ranhts fblffiplrac) ac varvibjacs pb`ffac (ranhts fblfpb`ffac) lc ga prasact`tla.Tarvibjacs f`c oa ga `dkaabglcjac varpb``tsac giir gaza ta varsbapac. Hat lsiif mijablof im `dkaabglcjac ta varsnh`bac giir ip aac kbifoa lc aachiafpuct v`c ga r`cg ta st``c ac glt c``r klccac (varfbalcac) id kultac(varjritac) ta sbapac.

IUG[@NHW

M``f aac 7ga gl` ``c mat `bs tltab Clauwfimars. Fiplaar aac `dkaabglcj v`c Urlcsassl`,

Hitab 0> ac Jhist [infarsv`c hat cat ac pb`f gaza ranhtsraafs ip ga gl`.

_irj iif viir aac p`ssacga jriitta ac pb``tslcj v c ga dljurac.

Qlt kast`cg

Lctarcat


12/30

0;

1.7 W@KAB

@bs ikoant f`c oa iif aac t`kab lcviajac. Fblf hlarviir ip Lcviajac W`kabac sabantaar hat jawacsta ``ct`b rloac ac fibimmac.

Im ga t`kab ip ta m`fac fblf oa gaza ``c ac varvibjacs m``f oa jakrulfv`c ga blctac Ictwarpac ac Lcgablcj icgar Hubpmlggabac viir t`kabbac.

Oa f`c ip aac scabba m`clar, t`kabbac pridasslicaab ipm`fac giir jakrulf tam`fac v`c c v`c ga st`cg``rg stlobac.

1.1 GL@J[@M (J[@DLAF)

Klo hat lcviajac v`c aac gl`jr`m (= aac jr`dlaf) wirgt ar aac magl`t`kabjaipacg w``rlc oa ga jajavacs pb``ts gla lc ga jr`dlaf miatac wirgaclcjajavac.Ga jr`dlaf f`c oa gasjawacst iif cij vargar ipm`fac.

Hubpmlggabac


13/30

0>

1.4 H\UA[BLCF^

Z`ccaar oa aac wak`gras lctypt wirgt glt `utim`tlsnh aac blcf. Oa f`c anhtariif aac blcf bajjac ip tafst id `dkaabglcjac giir gaza ta sabantarac acvarvibjacs mat ga ranhtar mulsfcip ip ga sabantla ta fblffac ac Hyparblcflc hat scabmacu ``c ta fblffac.

Tarvibjacs f`c oa aac Q[B lcjavac, blcfac c``r aac kast`cg id blcfac c``r

aac gl`.

Ga blcf ls cu ``cfblfk``r w`ccaar oa ga prasact`tla waarjaadt.Ip gazabdga m`clar f`c oa ga blcf ``cp`ssac id varwlogarac.

Oa f`c avacaacs jakrulf m`fac v`c ga fcippac Hyparblcf ac @ntla lc hatblct Lcviajac.

IUG[@NHW

Tiaj aac blcf c``rhttp?//www.stugli055.kalc ip ga tltab ^tugli 055.

1.: TI[MAC

Tl` LcviajacTirmac f`c oa `bbarbal ikoantac(ranhthiafac, plobac, tiablnhtlcjac, starrac ac

v``cgabs,) lcviajac. Glt gia oa giir ga jawacstavirm ``c ta fblffac ac varvibjacs ga virm ip aac gl` tasbapac mat ga jawacsta jriitta.

1.8 @NWLAFCIUUAC

Aac spanl`ba virm v`c hyparblcfs zloc `ntlafcippac. @ntlafcippac wirgacmaast`b jakrulft im c`vlj`tla lc ga prasact`tla mijablof ta m`fac id imkloviirkaabg aac dlbmdr`jmact `d ta spabac.

Q[B

Fcippac

C`vlj`tla
http://www.studio100.be/http://www.studio100.be/http://www.studio100.be/http://www.studio100.be/


14/30

07

@ntlafcippac vlcg oa habam``b icgar``c klo ga virmac. ^abantaar aac fcipac sbaap ga fcip mat ga jawacsta jriitta, ip ga jawacsta pb``ts lc aac gl`.Wacsbitta jaad oa ``c c``r wabfa bin`tla ga fcip miat blcfac.

Tl` hat blct Hubpmlggabac viir tafacac f`c oa gaza virm aac `cgaraipm``f javac.

IUG[@NHW

Tiaj ip lagara gl` (mat ultzicgarglcj v`c ga tltabgl`) aac hima-fcip lc im taruj ta

farac c``r ga st`rtp`jlc`. M``f jakrulf v`c fiplrac ac pb`ffac.

1.< ^M@[W@[W

Mat hat ikoant ^m`rt@rt f`c oa ip aac scabba m`clar varsnhlbbacga strunturac(i.`. irj`cljr`mmac) ipkiuwac im lcdirm`tla ip aac vlsuaba m`clar viir tastabbac.

Tl` hat blct f`c oa varvibjacs abamactac tiaviajac ac ipm`fac.

IUG[@NHW

Irj`cljr`m


15/30

01

M``f aac clauwa gl` ``c mat `bs tltab Zarfgimalcac ac mat icgarst``cg irj`cljr`m.

1.05 MAGL@

1.05.0 Kab`cjrlofa viirkasnhiuwlcj

Aljac magl`kast`cgac zi`bs jabulgs ac vlgai-kast`cgacwirgac clat lc ga prasact`tla japb``tst, m``r ar wirgt wab aacfippablcj lc ga gl` japb``tst c``r hat kast`cg. Z`ccaar oa gaprasact`tla gus ip aac jahaujacpac maacaamt zicgar aacjafippabg jabulgsdr`jmact f`c glt icmijablof `djaspaabgwirgac.

T`cg``r vibjacga tlp. Ub``ts jabulgs- ac vlgaidr`jmactac gla oa wacst lc taviajac lc aac prasact`tla lc gazabdga m`p g`c ga prasact`tla, viir`baar oa gltlcviajt.

Z`ccaar oa ga prasact`tla maacaamt, caam oa ga vibbaglja m`p w``rlc ga

prasact`tla st``t maa. G`c z`b `bba ùgli ac vlgai jiag `djaspaabg wirgac.

IUG[@NHW

Ub``ts ga kast`cgac F>.mp> ac ^prlcjDysln`.mpj (Wibagi) lc gazabdga m`p g`c oa

piwarpilctprasact`tla.

1.05.; Jabulg

Im jabulg tia ta viajac ``c oa prasact`tla sabantaar oalc hat macu Lcviajac@ugli@ugli ip mlocpn im aac aljac jabulgsdr`jmact tia ta viajac idIcblca-ùgli im aac jabulgsdr`jmact ult gast`cg``rg klkblithaaf (icblca) lc ta viajac vl` aacziaftarm.

Tarvibjacs sabantaar oa hat jawacsta jabulgskast`cg ac viaj oa hat lc.@utim`tlsnh varsnhloct kivac``c hat t`koa Hubpmlggabac viir ùgli. Haticgargaab Ipm``f ls jasabantaarg.

Oa f`c hlar kap`bac w`ccaar hat jabulg miat st`rtac. Kaflof iif avac ga`cgara mijablofhagac!

Fippablcj

Urasact`tlam`p


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04

IUG[@NHW

Hat jabulgsdr`jmact F>.mp> miat utim`tlsnh wirgac djaspaabg w`ccaar ga

gl`viirstabblcj jast`rt wirgt. Ub``ts hat jabulgslniictoa ranhts icgar``c lc ga gl`.

1.05.> Dlbm

Tlgai viaj oa ip aac varjablofk`ra m`clar lc vl` Lcviajac Tlgai.Oa kafimt aac ``cjap`st blct mat Hubpmlggabac viir vlgai.

IUG[@NHW

M``f vibbaglj `nhtar``c icgarst``cga gl` ``c w``rlc oa hat vlgaidr`jmact

^prlcjDysln`.mpj (Wibagi) pb``tst. Hat dr`jmact spaabt p`s `d w`ccaar arip wirgt jafblft.

1.00 ZI[G@[W

Aac spanl`ba virm v`c tafst ls aac Zirg@rt. Aac Zirg@rt viaj oa lc vl`LcviajacZirg@rt. Tarvibjacs sabantaar oa ga jawacsta stlob ac typ oa gatafst lc.

Tl` hat blct hak oa cij aac ultjakralg `rsac``b ``c ipm``fmijablofhagac.

IUG[@NHW

Tiaj aac p`ssacga Zirg@rt lc ac prikaar acfaba mijablofhagac ult.


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0:

1.0; FIUWAF^W AC TIAWWAF^W

Tl` ga iptla LcviajacFiptafst ac viattafst viar oa aac st`cg``rg tafstlc gla ip lagara gl` f`c wirgac waarjajavac. Hat ls avacaacs mijablof imaac gl`cummar tia ta viajac. Hat ls aac ``cr`gar im viir aac prasact`tlaga gl`s ùtim`tlsnh ta cummarac. Glt m``ft hat viir aac tiahiirgarm`ffablof im ta radararac c``r aac gl` klo hat camac v`c citltlas. Giir ip gafcip Ivar`b tiap`ssac ta fblffac p`s oa ga lcjastabga iptlas lc ip `bba gl`slc ga prasact`tla.

IUG[@NHW

Tiaj icgarst``cga viattafst lc (tltab + gl`cummar)

Tl` hat t`kkb`g Citltlas ac h`cg-iuts stab oa fip- ac viattafst lcviir ult ta prlctac h`cg-iuts (vk. 4gl`s ip aac p`jlc`).

4 U[AÂCW@WLA @CLMA[AC

4.0 LCBALGLCJ

Oa f`c lagar ikoant (tafst, dljuur, gl`jr`m,) lc aacprasact`tla `clmarac. Oa f`c `bbas ip haab w`tm`clarac ja`clmaarg b`tac varsnhlocac, kafbamticacac b`tac vargwlocac.

Ga m`clar w``rip aac gl` ivarj``t lc aac `cgara gl`hak oa iif zabd lc h`cgac.

^t`cg``rg wirgt aac `ntla (vk. ivarj``c c``r aacvibjacga gl`, aac tafst kafbamticac,) ultjaviarg kloaac mulsfblf. Hat ls anhtar iif mijablof im `bbasùtim`tlsnh ta b`tac bipac ``c ga h`cg v`c aac

tlogsnham`. Glt ls kloviirkaabg lctarass`ct im aaclcdirm`tlava prasact`tla ip aac ipacgaur ta b`tac `dspabac. Tlcf oa kalga

Gl`cummar

H`cg-iuts


18/30

08

iptlas `d, g`c varpblnht oa ga jakrulfar im ta c`vljarac vl` `ntlafcippac idhyparblcfs.

Icg`cfs hat dalt g`t oa haab vaab iptlas hakt im aac prasact`tla ta `clmaracls hat maast`b ``cjawazac im clat ta ivargrlovac. Aac prasact`tla glactmaast`b im aac varh``b ta icgarstaucac. Ga prasact`tla m`j lc jaac jav`bga tiahiirgar dbalgac.

4.; GL@-ITA[J@CJ

Fblf ip Ivarj`cjacim aac glìvarj`cj tia tap`ssac. Tarvibjacs sabantaar oa aac ivarj`cj ultga varsnhlbbacga tampb`tas. Im ga ivarj`cj tia tap`ssac ip ga jasabantaarga gl` fblf oa gajawacsta tampb`ta `c.

^t`cg``rg wirgt ga ivarj`cj tiajap`st ip ga jasabantaarga gl`. Gaivarj`cj kap``bt hia gaza gl` varsnhloct (ac gus clat hia ga gl` vibjacg ipgaza gl` varsnhloct). Hlarivar kast``t v``f varw`rrlcj.

[anhts c``st ga tampb`tas hak oa cij ga iptla im ga ivarj`cjsscabhalg ``cta p`ssac ac im aaczabdga ivarj`cj tia ta p`ssac ip `bba gl`s.Kivacglac frloj oa ultarst ranhts ga iptla im ta kap`bac hia oa v`c ga hulgljagl` ivar j``t c``r ga vibjacga gl` (vl` aac mulsfblf id ùtim`tlsnh).

IUG[@NHW

Flas viir `bba gl`s aaczabdga ivarj`cj c``r fauza, zirj arviir g`t ga vlarga ac vlodga gl`

varsnhlocac c` 1 sanicgac. Ga ivarj`cj c``r ga `cgara gl`s varbiipt mat aac mulsfblf.

4.> @@CJAU@^WA @CLM@WLA

4.>.0 @`cjap`sta `clm`tla tiafaccac

Ga iptla ``cjap`sta `clm`tla jakrulf oa im `clm`tlas ip ikoantac lc tastabbac.

âbantaar hat ikoant (vk. tafstvabg, `dkaabglcj) g`t oa wacst ta `clmarac acsabantaar lc hat macu @clm`tlas. Oa kafimt glt blct?

Fblf ip ga fcip Gaabvacstar `clm`tla im gltranhts waar ta javac.

Aacviug slart

@clm`tlas

Ivarj`cj

^cabhalg / bba gl`s

Fblf / ùtim`tlsnh

Ikoantac clmarac

@clm`tlas

Gaabvacstar


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0.; Wlogbloc

Ga addantac wirgac waarjajavac lc hat @clm`tlagaabvacstar. Tl` hat

gukkaba plobtoa f`c oa iif ga icgargabac v`c aac `clm`tla waarjavac (lc jaab``cjagulg) id glnhtfb`ppac. Iif wirgac ar lc ga gl` zabd nlodartoas japb``tst kloja`clmaarga ikoantac im ``c ta javac lc wabfa vibjirga za varsnhlocac.

@clm`tla tiaviajac


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Gasjawacst f`c oa ga vibjirga v`c ga addantac cijwlozljac giir aac addant ``c ta fblffac ac

varvibjacs ``c ta javac id hat aargar id b`tar ip gatlogbloc miat djaspaabg wirgac (vl` ga plobtoaskivac``c). Oa f`c hat addant iif varsbapac mat gamuls.

IUG[@NHW

_irj arviir g`t aarst hat ivarzlnht varsnhloct ac g`c p`s ga

lbbustr`tla.

4.>.> @`cjap`sta clm`tla nicdljurarac

Ga m`clar w``rip aac jasabantaarg ikoant miat kajlccac ac gascabhalg f`c oa lcstabbac vl` varsnhlbbacga icgargabac ip hat blct.

^abantaar aac addant im ga lcstabblcjac arv`c``c ta p`ssac.Fblf varvibjacs ip Addantiptlas.@dh`cfablofv`c hat jafizac addant frloj oa hlarvarsnhlbbacga mijablofhagac.

Tk blcfs? addantiptlas klo tafst

Tk ranhts? addantiptlas klo klccacvblajac

Hat icgargaab Wlogslcstabblcjac jaadt oa gamijablofhalg im ga m`clar v`c st`rtac, ga guur,vartr`jlcj ac vibjirga v`c aac addant ``c tap`ssac. Hia hijar ga w``rga klo Guur, hiatr`jar ga `clm`tla z`b `dspabac.

Tibjirga

Addantiptlas

Wlogslcstabblcjac


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;0

Tl` ranhtarmulsfblf ip aac addant lc hat`clm`tlagaabvacstar f`c oa iif flazacviir Wlogslcstabblcjac. Oa kafimt aacgl`biijf`gar mat > t`kkb`gac. Hlar f`c oaicjavaar gazabdga lcstabblcjac flazac `bsvl` ga fcippac ip hat blct.

Klo Wlogslcstabblcj hak oa hlar anhtar cijaac klofimacga mijablofhalg. Oa f`c``cgulgac w`ccaar hat addant miatja`ntlvaarg wirgac. Hlar f`c oa abf ikoantult oa gl` flazac `bs st`rtpuct v`c ga`clm`tla (klo fblffac!). Glt fimt ivaraacmat ga fcip Wrljjar ip hat blct @clm`tlas.

Tl` hat t`kkb`g Wafst`clm`tla f`c oa lcstabbac g`t ga tafst par 0a clvaù (lchat icgarst``cga viirkaabg Fb`sslafars ac `bbas w`t aac clvaù b`jar st``tac varvibjacs Clauwfimars ac `bbas w`t aac clvaù b`jar st``t)miatvarsnhlocac tabfacs c` aac mulsfblf. Ga `cgara iptlas sprafac lc prlcnlpaavacaacs viir zlnhzabd.

IUG[@NHW _irj arviir g`t ga lbbustr tla mat aac jamlggabga scabhalg, v`c ranhts, varsnhloct (;

sanicgac).

_irj arviir g`t ga tafst lc hat ivarzlnht rajab par rajab varsnhloct tabfacs utim`tlsnh 0

sanicga c` ga virlja rajab.

Ga lbbustr`tla varsnhloct ùtim`tlsnh c g`t hat vibbaglja ivarzlnht ip ga gl` st``t.

4.>.7 @clm`tlap`gac

Giir jakrulf ta m`fac v`c aac `clm`tlap`g f`c oa ikoantac ip aac zabdjafizac m`clar b`tac waarjavac. Oa f`c flazac viir aac st`cg``rg`clm`tlap`g id zabd aac p`g tafacac vl` @`cjap`st p`g(gukkabfblf im hatp`g ta alcgljac).


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;;

Tl` ga iptla Maar `clm`tlap`gac kafim oagaza fauzablost.

Maast`b ls hat clat ``cjawazac im jakrulf tam`fac v`c wlbbafaurlja `clm`tlap`gac, taczlooa aac kap``bga dljuur ivar hat snharm wlbb`tac bipac.

Lc glt jav`b f`c ga `clm`tla st`rtac kultac gagl` ac alcgljac kultac ga gl`. Hat ikoant g`that p`g miat vibjac, miat g`c iif kultac ga

gl` jazat wirgac.4.>.1 @clm`tlap`g `cp`ssacZ`ccaar oa aac `clm`tlap`g lcjaviajg hakt, f`c oa glt `bs vibjt zlac st``c?

Tl` hat gr``lplobtoa lc hat mlggac f`c oa hat p`g gr``lac. Hat jriaca ac rigaplobtoa ip ga ulthiafac zloc raspantlavablof hat kajlcpuct ac alcgpuct v`c hatp`g. Oa f`c vl` gaza plobtoas, giir mlggab v`c sbapac, hat p`g firtar id b`cjarm`fac

4.>.4 @clm`tla varwlogarac

Im aac `clm`tla ta varwlogarac sabantaar oa gaza lc ga tlogbloc ac gruf oa ip gagabata-tiats v`c oa tiatsackirg.

4.>.: Muzlaf b`tac giirspabac ivar maargara gl`s

Z`ccaar oa aac jabulgsdr`jmact lcviajt lc aac gl`, wirgt hat jabulgst`cg``rg jastipt w`ccaar oa aac vibjacga h`cgablcj ultviart (aac mulsfblf,ip aac plobtoa fblffac,).

^ims ls hat ``cjawazac im `nhtarjricgjabulg ta viirzlac g`t giirspaabtivar maargara gl`s haac.

Gabata


23/30

;>

Aac lcjaviajg jabulgsdr`jmact wirgt iif lc hat clm`tlagaabvacstarwaarjajavac ac oa f`c glt gus nicdljurarac zi`bs aac st`cg``rg `clm`tla.(ranhtar mulsfblf)

Tl` hat t`kkb`g Addantf`c oa lcstabbacw`ccaar hat dspabac miat jastiptwirgac. Hlar f`c oa gus tavacslcstabbac g`t hat jabulg ivar aac ``ct`bgl`s haac miat kblovac spabac.

Oa f`c iif `bba ``cp`sslcjac giac vl` hat blct Hubpmlggabac viir `ugli. Fblfhlarviir ip hat bulgsprafartoa ip oa gl` ac g`c varsnhloct glt blct.

Ip hat t`kkb`g @dspabac f`c oa ga varsnhlbbacga lcstabblcjac vlcgac.Flas oa hlar viir Wlogacs gl`s `dspabac, g`c kblodt hat bipac tit hatjabulgskast`cg vibbaglj `djaspaabg ls.

IUG[@NHW

_irj arviir g`t hat jabulgsdr`jmact ip ga aarsta gl` p`s c` 1 gl`s stipt.

Addantiptlas

Addant


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;7

: U[A^ACW@WLA @DG[QFFAC

:.0 @DG[QFTAC^WA[

Fblf ip ga Kast`cg@dgruffac. Tarvibjacs varsnhloct hat `dgrufvacstar

w``rlc oa ga prlctar f`c flazac, f`c ``cjavac wabfa gl`s oa wacst `d tagruffac, hiavaab axampb`rac oa wacst `d ta gruffac,

IUG[@NHW

Ipac hat `dgrufvacstar.

:.; GL@^

Im ga gl`s kb`gvubbacg `d ta gruffac sabantaar oa icgar Lcstabblcjacga iptlaGl`s ip aac vibbaglja p`jlc`. Im anibijlsnha ac anicimlsnha ragacac lshat aac ``cr`gar im icgar Fbaur/jrlosw``rgac ga iptla Jrlosw``rgac tasabantarac. Ga `nhtarjricgfbaur z`b g`c clat maa `djagruft wirgac, w`t aacpisltlava lcvbiag haadt ip hat lcftvarkrulf.

:.> H@CG-IQW^

Maast`b ls hat maar ``cjawazac im h`cg-iuts `d ta gruffac taricgarstauclcj v`c aac prasact`tla. Lc g`t jav`b wirgac ar maargara (; tit


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;1

IUG[@NHW

^tab hat vacstar lc im ga 4 gl`s zicgar `nhtarjricgfbaur ip 0 p`jlc` `d ta gruffac.

:.7 @DG[QFFAC

Tiir`baar oa ip @gruffacfblft kaflof oa kast aarst hat `dgrufviirkaabg ranhtsim diutlava ac ivarkiglja `dgruffac ta varmlogac. Hat ls iif cij mijablof imhlar oa fip- id viattafstac ``c ta p`ssac.

IUG[@NHW

Kaflof aac viirkaabg v c ga h`cg-iuts ac gruf ga p`jlc` `d bs `bbas c``r wacs ls.

Tiirkaabg


26/30

;4

8 WLU^

8.0 U[AÂCW@WLA

8.0.0 Kast`cgsjriitta lcparfac

Im aac prasact`tla mat jrita ditikast`cgac fbalc ta hiugac ls hat lc virljavarslas v`c UiwarUilct ciigz`fablof im ga `dkaabglcjac ta nimprlmarac acza zi ta iptlm`blsarac viir hat dirm``t w``rlc za wirgac waarjajavac.T`c`d varsla ;55: jakaurt glt ùtim`tlsnh, w`t aac miila maarw``rga ls.Gaza ùtim`tlsnha da`tura varmlog g`t prasact`tlas jriit ac bij wirgac.

Tl` ga iptla @dkaabglcjac nimprlmarac ip hat t`kkb`g Hubpmlggabac viir`dkaabglcjac f`c oa klojascagac jaklagac cij b`tac varwlogarac id cijvargar nimprlmarac tit A-m`lbfw`bltalt.

8.0.; :x: rajab

Aac gl` lc aac prasact`tla gla oa jakrulft im ta prioantarac kast``t, viir gagulgablofhalg, klo viirfaur ult m`xlm``b : rajabs mat m`xlm``b : wiirgac parrajab.

8.0.> Fbaurac

@bs oa qu` `nhtarjricg ac fbaurac `dwloft v`c aac st`cg``rg so`kbiic, zirj arg`c viir g`t `bbas jiag baask``r kblodt. Aac jaba tafstfbaur ip aac wltta`nhtarjricg ls kloviirkaabg aac `ksibuta `dr`gar. Bat iif ip mat`nhtarjricgac mat vaab fbaurac (vk. aac diti). Oa m``ft hat oazabd lc g`t jav`barj mialblof im aac jiala tafstfbaur ta fuccac sabantarac.

Nimprlmarac

Baask``rhalg


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;:

IUG[@NHW

Kap``b zabd wabfa v`c kivacst``cga gl`sjiag jam``ft ls ac gus krulfk``r ls ac wabfa

clat.

8.0.7 @clm`tlas

Ivargrlod clat mat hat tiap`ssac v`c `clm`tlas. Maast`b ls hat ``cjawazacim idwab jaac `clm`tlas idwab aac kaparft ``ct`b gazabdga `clm`tlas tajakrulfac.

@clm`tlas fuccac iif arj lctarass`ct zloc im aac ragacarlcj stabsabm`tlj acjastrunturaarg ip ta kiuwac.

8.; U[A^ACWA[AC

8.;.0Tartab oa varh``b

^praaf bulg, zulvar ac gulgablof.

Hiug iijnict`nt mat oa pukblaf, flof clat nicst`ct c``r hat snharm mat gaprasact`tla.

^tr``b acthiusl`sma ult.

Kaparf oa ultbaj clat tit w`t ip ga gl`s st``t lagaraac f`c lmmars bazac.

8.;.; _ (zw`rt), w (wlt)

@bs oa ga lchiug v`c aac gl` tlogablof wlb varkarjac gruf oa ip ga battar z id w.

IUG[@NHW

Urikaar glt ult.

8.> LCU@FFAC TII[ NG

Z`ccaar oa aac prasact`tla nraart, w``r``c oa jabulg ac/id vlgai fippabt, glaoa wacst maa ta camac ip aac jahaujacpac id aac ng-rim id aac cgar

ipsb`jmaglum ls hat ``cjawazac im ga prasact`tla ta pukblnarac. Glt haadt`bs viirgaab g`t `bba jafippabga kast`cgac zafar maajacimac wirgac acnirrant jafippabg wirgac, kivacglac wirgt ar `utim`tlsnh aac UiwarUilctvlawar maajacimac, w``rgiir oa ga prasact`tla iif ip aac nirranta m`clar

Aacviug slart

Uukblnarac


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f`c `dspabac ip aac nimputar mat aac iugara varsla v`c UiwarUilct idzicgar UiwarUilct.

Fblf ip ga Kast`cgAxpirtaracU`ffat lcp`ffac viir ng.

Fblf lc hat ranhtar vacstar ip ga fcip Lcp`ffac viir ng.

Jaad varvibjacs ga jawacsta c``m lc, fblf ip C``r m`p fiplrac ac kb`garc``r ga jawacsta m`p w``rlc ga kast`cgac miatac ipjasb`jac wirgac. Gam`p f`c oa cu ip aac jahaujacpac zattac.

IUG[@NHW

Axpirtaar oa prasact`tla, ga jafippabga magl`kast`cgac ac ga Uiwarpilct vlawar.


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