nwm AwDwr

nwm AwDwr^wlsw dw jIvn-AwDwr pRBU dw nwm hY [ dunIAw dy kwr-ivhwr kridAW vI

auh pRBU dI Xwd nUM ihrdy ivc vsweI r~Kdw hY [ pRBU-ipAwr ivc lIn ho ky

kIqI jwcnw ausnUM AgMmI b^iSSW dw pwqr bxwauNdI hY [ ^wlsy dI Asl pUMjI

pRBU dw nwm hY qy iehI rws iek~qr krn leI auh qqpr rihMdw hY :

sMcx kau hir eyko nwmu ] hliq pliq qw kY AwvY kwm ]

 

ikrq ivrq kr Drm dI

ikrq ivrq kr Drm dI^wlsw Drm dI ikrq krdw hY – nw iksy nwl D~kw krdw hY qy nw hI iksy dw D~kw sihMdw hY [auh au~cI –su~cI

ikrq krky smwj dI auswrU sMpqI bxdw hY [ hr QW gurU dI b^iSS nwl auh

mwxXog ruqbw pRwpq krdw hY [ Drm dI ikrq krdIAW auh hmySw AwpxI suriq

gurU dy crnW nwl joVI r~Kdw hY :hwQ pway kir kwmu sBu cIqu inrMjn

nwil ] (slok kbIr jI, pMnw 1376)

gurU leI kurbwn^wlsw gurU dy hukm ivc jIaUNdw hY [ ausdI rzw ivc rihMidAW auh Awpxw sB kuJ inCwvr kr idMdw hY [ krVy qoM krVy qsIhy ausdy isdk nUM fulw nhIN skdy [ ^wlseI jIvn jwc dw pihlw sbk hI

gurU nwnk swihb ny ieh id~qw sI :jau qau pyRm Kylx kw cwwayu ] isru

Dir qlI glI myrI Awau ]                                

Sacrifice

gurU dI b^iSS –- AMimRq^wlsy dI isrjxw klgIDr ipqw ny AMimRq

dI dwq b^S ky kIqI[ KMfy- bwty dy AMimRq ny inrbl qy swh-sq hIxI kOm nUM nvW jIvn b^iSAw Aqy zulm dw

twkrw krn leI AgMmI swhs pRdwn kIqw [ gurU dI dwq – AMimRq ny mOq dw fr ^qm kr ky ^wlsy nUM Amr kr id~qw :eyk bUMd guir AMimRq dIno qw Atlu Amru n muAw ] (sorT m: 5, pMnw

612)

Aq hI rn mY qb jUJ mroN^wlsw "hukm kI kwr" kmwauNidAW,

SwqmeI ivcr ky srb~q dw Blw mMgdw hY [ pr jykr zulm dI A~q ho jwvy qy

koeI hor hIlw-vswlIAw nw rhy qW h~Q ivc qlvwr PVnI aus leI jwiez hY qy

mYdwin – jMg ivc jUJ ky mrnw ausdw Drm :

  cUM kwr Az hmw hIlqy dr guzsq ] hlwl

Asq burdn b Sm Sir dsq ](gurU goibMd isMG)

syvw krq hoie inhkwmI^wlsw ApxI Drm-kmweI ivco vMf ky

Ckdw hY ; loVvMdW dI XQw-Skq mdd "gur kI syvw" smJ ky krdw Aqy srb~q dw Blw mMgdw hY [ aus leI ZrIb dw mUMh hI guruU dI golk hY [ duKIAW-inAwsirAW dI bWh PVnI gurU-Gr dI

mwx Xog rvwieq hY[ syvw qoN ibnW qW jIvn hI iDRg ikhw igAw hY :

ivx syvw iDRg hQ pYr hor inhPl krxI ] ( BweI gurdws jI

r[owfs

d/th-d/tfsnK dhnK ejkDhnK fwfEjk;e jB, fJfsjk;e BjhA g[okDe-rkEk iK d/t-ejkDhnK d/ ;dk jh d'jo/ noE j[zd/ jB, pkjow[Zyh s/ ojZ;wJh noE.. fJj wB[Zyh u/sBk ftu g?dk j'D tkb/ ;ko/ gqFBK dk f;b;b/ tko T[so g/F eodhnK iKdhnK jB s/ fJ; soQK wB[Zy B{z g{oB GKs ;[-f;yFs eodhnK jB.. fJj gqFB g?dk j[zdk j? fe fJj fdqFNhwkB ;z;ko fet/A pfDnk, feE'A pfDnk s/ fet/A ftuo fojk j? r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp B/ fJj ;soK fbyhnK jB L BkfG ewb s/ pqjwk T[gi/, p/d gVfj w[fy ezfm ;tkfo.. sk e/ nzs[ B ikJh byDk nkts iks oj? r[pkfo..

nBzs Bkr# nBzssk j?, ;w/A, ;EkB, ihtB dh nBzssk, ;dhtsk, gowkswk T[; @nBzssk# dk ;kyh j? ns/ T[; dk ;zukbe j?. @BkokfJD# ihtB dk phi j? fi; dh X[zBh ftu'A @ewb# fBeb fojk j?. ewb Gkosh ;fGnkuko ftu ihtB T[sgsh s/ ftek; dk gqshe j?-ewb dh vzvh ftu'A fJe Fesh T[gih j?, pqjwk s/ T[; B/ ;z;ko ouBk ehsh, fJj gfjbk wB[Zyh ftFtk; ;h, f;qFNh-ouBk pko/ r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp B/ @BkG-ewb# dh ftnkfynk fco nkg jh ehsh L;ku/ s/ gtBk GfJnk, gtB? s/ ib[ j'fJ.. ib s/ fsqGtD[ ;kfink, xfN xfN i'fs ;w'fJ.. 19)

(;' ;kvh fJj g[okD rkEk pkjow[Zyh o{g ftu ejkDh j?, nzsoht o{g ftu doFB j?, ojZ; j?, cb;ck j?. wB[Zyh f;yFk dk fJe ;kXB s/ ftXh j?. nEkj ;kro iK gkDh jh ihT[ wzfBnk j?. Bhbk ekbk gkDh nBzs ekb she g;fonk fojk-fJj' Ssh iZ[r dk X[zX{eko th ;h. fJj @;bbw# dk f;XKs th j?. fJj' @fjoD roG# iK @;toB nzvk# ;h. fco @nzvk# N[ZfNnk i'V-ftS'V j'fJnk, Xos-nkekF pD rJ/. Xosh B{z ;jkok d/D bJh @pbd# dh ebgBk j'Jh. T[;/ @pbd# dh fco ftnkfynk r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ ehsh L X"b[ Xow[ dfJnk ek g{s[.. ;zs'y[ Ekfg ofynk fifB ;{fs..

wB[Zy r[D-gqG{ dh Grsh ftu bhB j'fJnk. Xq{j, gqfjbkd, pbokik, iBe nkfd fJ; d/ gqwkD jB. ftFB{z-gqG{ eJh o{g Xko e/ fJBQK GrsK dh gqhfynk b?Adk j?. @gqfjbkd# B{z pukD bJh row b'j/ d/ EzwQ ftu'A Bo f;zj o{g Xko e/ gqrN j[zdk j? ns/ joBkyF B{z ByK Bkb fpdkodk j?. fJj ;koh xo'rh ejkDh j?, i' gqwkswk dh ;op-ftnkgesk, ;op Fesh-wkBsk s/ Grs-tSb fpod B{z gqrN eodh j?. fJ;/ soQK i/ g[eko ehsh ikJ/ sK gqfjbkd tKr gqG{ pj[V e/ th jo fJe dh ;jkfJsk eodk j?. @;zs ;jkfJ nkfd i[rkfd#, GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fbfynk j?.

nikwb B/ @nzs ;tko fbnk# s/ rBek t/;tk dh d[owfs d/y r[ow[y fdnkb j'J/. ;kyh dk T[finkok ;kB{z fwb frnk. dht/ dh pkjobh pDktN, s/b, tZNh, tZb f;Zy B/ BjhA ikDk T[; ftu'A fBebh o"FBh tZb d/yDk j?. fJj j? Gkt gqEkfJ ;kyh dk. j[D i/ r[o{ ih fJzdo dk o'Dk dZ;d/ jB sK ;kv/ bJh T[gd/F j'fJnk Lekw s'A pu', fJj ;dk d[ydkJh j?. gKvtK d/ t/ot/ j'Dr/ sK fJ; bJh fe @ihtB i{J/ BKj jko'#. okik okw dk f}eo i/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu nkt/rk sK fJB;kBh ew}'oh Bkb dZ;h ikt/rh sK fe b'e okik okw B{z ntsko jh B fwE b?D oktB gqshe j? fJE/ @Jhoyk# ftu ekok eoB tkb/ dk.

pqjwk B{z ftZfdnk d/ jzeko B/ wkfonk, i/ Bkb f;woB j[zdk sK fJsBk d[Zyh BKj j[zdk. pfb okik B{z jzeko B/ T[ikfVnk. joh uzd B{z dkB d/ wkD B/ y[nko ehsk. gkB dh E[Ze B{z jh ukBDh oks ftu jhok ;wM joh uzd jZE ik gk p?mk s/ Bw'Fh T[mkDh gJh. joDkyF B{z @d[okuko# B/ spkj ehsk.d[oi'XB B{z G[Zb frnk fe gfs th e'Jh uh} j?. ;' fJj ;G jtkb/ fe;/ dh T[gwk ftu BjhA, e/tb r[owfs dk f;XKs do;kT[D bJh jB. r[owfs sK j? L @r[owfs Xow Xhoi jfo BkfJ.. BkBe Bkw fwb? r[D rkfJ..# (rT[Vh wjbk 1)

ntsko fJE/ g{i BjhA ;r'A i[rfj i[rfj e/ oki/ jB ns/ b'e nDikD-g[D/ ftu ntsko eoe/ g{ih ub/ ik oj/ jB. wB[Zy ftu oki;h g{ik j[D sZe j? ns/ fJ; dk o[jp bkj[D bJh jh ntskoK ;pzXh @j'o e/s/ okw otkb# iK @ekB feqFB ikdt# B{z fpzqdqkpB ftu eb'b eod/ jh fdykfJnk j?. fJ; soQK nB/eK gqEkfJ ;kyh f}eo jB. go Bkb' Bkb ;[u/s th eoh rJ/ jB fe wB[Zy gqw/Fo B{z SZv fJBQK dh g{ik jh B eoBh F[o{ eo d/t/. XzB jB r[o{ gksFkj i' ;kB{z ;[u/sh p]Fd/ oj/

;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ dkoFfBe f;XKs

@;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp fdqFNwkB o{g eoe/ ns/ GktBk eoe/ ;z;ko dk fJe doFB rqzE BjhA j?. fJ; dh pkDh dk o{g eftsk

dk j? ns/ fJ; ;zgkfds rqzE d/ fgZS/ GktBk gq/wk-Grsh B{z ;keko eoB dh j?. fe;/

ftF/F dkoFfBe-gqpzX nXhB Bk fJj pkDh ouh rJh j? ns/ Bk jh fJj ouBk fe;/ Fk;sqe-gqpzX nB[;ko ;zgkfds ehsh rJh j?. ;qh

r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ;o{g G/d# dk j?, @Fk;sq# dk BjhA j? L fit/A @for t/d#

ftu d/th-d/t s/ pqjw T[gkFBk j?, fst/A ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu gqwkswk dh gq/wk Grsh j?, gqG{-ehos j?, Bkw wfjwk j?.

fJj wjkB rqzE sK ;ko/ Gkos dk gqfsfBX rqzE j? fiE'A she Grsh-ekft dk ;pzX j?. fJ; rqzE ftu 12thA s'A b? e/ 17thA ;dh she j'J/ Gkosh GrsK s/ gzikph r[o{nK dh ouBk ;zefbs j? Gkt/A fJ; rqzE dk ftF/F Gkr gzikp dh Xosh s/ ofunk frnk j? go fJ; ftu T[so gqd/F, pzrkb, wjKokFNo, f;zX okfi;EkB, nkfd gqKsK d/ GrsK dh ouBk th ;zefbs j?. fJBQK fGzB-fGzB gqKsK ftu, iBw/ ns/ fGzB-fGzB jkbks ftu'A bzxd/ GrsK d/ ihtB siop/ ns/ f;XKs fGzB-fGzB ;B. fJBQK ethnK dh gqfsGk dk ftek; tZyo/-tZyo/ jkbks ftu j'fJnkfJ; bJh fJBQK dh ouBk ftu tZyo/ ozr s/ o; jB

@;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp# ftu doFB d/ fszB Gkr iK gZy jB. gfjbk Gkr j? @nfXnkswesk# fi; ftu fBoDk ehsk j? fe ;ko/ iht-irs pqjwzv gk;ko/ fgS/ sZs-;ko ;q/FN t;s{ eh j? ns/ T[; dk gk;ko/ Bkb eh ;pzX j?. fJj fBo'b Fk;sq j?. d{ik Gkr fJj j? fe iht gk;ko/ dh e?d ftu'A fet/A fBeb e/ ;ot-ftnkgh nfpBkFh pqjw i' ;ko/ gk;ko/ ftu sZs-t;s{ j?, Bkb fet/A fwb ;edk j?. fJj Xow-Fk;sq j? Gkt Fk;sq dk T[j Gkr i' w[esh gqkgsh d/ ;kXB dZ;dk j? fit/A fe Bkw-Grsh, r[o{ Grsh, wB dk ;ziw nkfd. shik Gkr ;dkuko dk ;wkie ihtB dk j?

i' fJj fBo{gD eodk j? fe wkBth Xow-wB[Zy d/ s"o s/ eh j? iK wB[Zy dk j'o wB[Zy, ihtK s/ e[dos Bkb eh ;pzX j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ;' ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ @doFB# d/ w[Zy-Gkosh doFD d/ sZs nB[;ko jh jB. / f;XKs fJBQK pko/ jB L (T) pqjw, nkswk, irs (wkfJnk), (n) Bkw r[o{, wB, ns/ (J) ;dkuko, ;wkie, Xow;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu nB/e EkJhA fJj ;gZFN fejk j? fe @pqjw# pko/ wB[Zyh frnkB pVk nbg j? ns/ @pqjw# pko/ ;G e[M ed/ th ikfDnk BjhA ik ;edk. T[j ;dk nw[b, nBzs, nrzw, nr'uo, nrkX ofjzdk j?,

go pqjw ns/ gk;ko/ pko/ uzrh wksqk ftu frnkB fJzdqhnK, p[Xh ns/ nkswe Fesh Bkb gqkgs j' ;edk j?. fJ;/ B{z ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu (Fpd) iK @pkDh# dk ;kXB iK gqwkD wzfBnk j?. fJj @X[o eh pkDh# ns/ @j[ewkT[# dk f;XKs j?. gq/wk-Grsh f;woB ns/ ;ziw d/ ihtB d[nkok wB[Zy B{z Fpd-f;Xh iK nB[Gt Fesh gqkgs j' iKd/ jB ns/ T[; B{z @nyVhnk fpnB# gqkgs j' iKdhnK jB fiBQK Bkb @gksFkj }kjok# fd; g?Adk j? ns/ T[E/ @dorkj# ftu @;'do[# s/ i' @j'fJ pshs/# T[; B{z Grs-eth eftsk ftu ;keko eo fdzdk j?. fJj nB[Gt ftF/F Fesh j?, fJj gqG{-j;sh dk }ksh nB[Gt s/ siopk j?.

1H sZs frnkB (Metaphysics)(T) pqjw L ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp d/ fuzseK B/ @;u[# B{z @pqjw# ns/ @pqjw# B{z @;u[# wzfBnk j?-@nkfd ;u[ i[rkfd ;u[.. j? Gh ;u[ BkBe j';h Gh ;u[..# @;u[# jh pqjw j?. fJ; @pqjw-;u[# d/ bZSD fJj jB L(T@;u[# ;dk J/e' ;o{g ftu ns/ fJe;ko ofjzdk j?, T[; dh fJe;kosk ed/ Gzr BjhA j[zdh ns/ T[j @;op ftnkgh# ofjzdk j? ns/ jo pkjobh fGzBsk d/ nzdo @fJe ;wkB# ofjzdk j?. iks, toB, d/F, ekb, ;{yw ;E{b-jo o{g ftu T[j fJe;ko, ;wkB s/ ftnkge ofjzdk j?. ;E{b o{g d/ Bk j'D s/ th T[j ;{yw o{g ftu fJe;ko, ;wkB s/ ftnkge ofjzdk j?.

(n) fJj @;u[-pqjw# jo o{g ftu gqsZy s/ gqrN j[zdk j?. fJj Bkw-o{g XkoB eodk j? ns/ T[j o{g @;ukJh# j[zdk j?. fBnK, gftZsqsk, e'wbsk, fgnko, Xow, dfJnk, ;s, ;zs'y, ;[u, feos, fwZms, fBwosk, ehosh, tzv SeDk, fdnkBsdko-;G @pqjw-;u# dk gqrN o{g jB. fJj @eow Bkw# @;fs# jB. pqjw jo o{g ftu eow eodk j?-T[j @eow# @;fsBkw# jB. pqjw-;u[# j?, fJ; bJh T[; dk jo gqrN o{g s/ jo gqrN eow @;u[# j?.;fsBkw jB. ;ko/ o{gK s/ ;o{gK ftu ftnkge ofjzdk j?.(

(J) @;u# ;dk @eosk g[oy# j[zdk j?. T[j ;dk u/szB j' e/ T[;ko{ eosZt eodk j?. ekw, eq'X d/ eosZt ftu th T[j T[;ko{ ofjzdk j?, id'A T[j ftBkF eodk j?, sd th T[j T[;ko{ j?. jo jkbs ftu j[ew tos fojk j?. @okik# ns/ @oze# d'jK o{gK ftu e[M pD frnk j?-e[M u/szB ftek; j' fojk j?. @;u[# ;dk eoskoh u/szBsk ofjzdk j

(;) @;u[# ;[szso j?-fe;/ j'o ekoi iK ekoB nXhB BjhA j?. fJ; bJh T[j @fBoGT[# ns/ @fBot?o# wzfBnk frnk j?. @;u[# nkgD/ nkg ftu ;G e[M j?-Bk T[j fe;/ gk;'A Fesh b?Adk j? ns/ Bk fe;/ dh nXhBrh ftu Fesh tosdk j?. @;u[# nkgD/ nkg ftu n;bhns ns/ @gow ;Zsk# j?.(j) @;u[# @;dhth ;[zdosk# (nekb w{ofs) dh brB tkbk j?. ;[zdo, e[dos, wB[Zy, tshok, ;[Gk ;G @;u[# dk jh ;o{g jB. jo @e'jM# @;[zdosk# ftu tZNdk ik fojk j?. ;[zdo ftuko ns/ ;[zdo ftshok jh @;u[-pqjw# jB.

(e) @;u[-pqjw# @ni{Bh# ns/ @;?Gz# j?. T[j fe;/ ekoi-tZ; BjhA ns/ ;G e[M T[; ekoi-tZ; j?. T[j @;?Gz# j'D eoe/ fBZs Bt/A o{gK ftu gqrN j[zdk ofjzdk j?.(y) @;u[# @r[o# (frnkBh) ns/ @gq;kfd# (;kT{, dfJnktkB, feogkfBfX) j?. frnkB @;u[# j? ns/ @frnkBh# ;dk ;kT{-tsho/ tkbk j[zdk j?. GrsK s/ r[o{nK B/ gq/w-tZ; @;Zu-pqjw# d/ fJ; gqrN o{g Bz{ wkfDnk ns/ rkftnk j?. fJj ;G @;fsBkw# o{g j?. @pqjw# ;ko/ ;Kr Xkodk j'fJnk @fJe ozr# ofjzdk j?. ;kok gk;kok fJe pkihroh j? sZs-o{g# e/tb @fJe# j?, pkjow[yh o{g T[j eJh XkoB eodk j?.

(n) nkswk L wB[Zyh nkswk GkD/ j[ew nB[;ko ftS[Vh ns/ tZyoh j'Jh j'Jh @i'fs-;o{g# s/ @gqG{-nzF# j?. @nkswk gqwkswk# jh j?. wB i'fs ;o{g j?. @phi-o{g# Bkw fjod/ ftu j?. iht-nkswk th , ;fsBkw[, eosk �g[oy[, fBoGT[, fBot?o[ nkfd j?. fJj nfpBkFh j?-@Uj[ B w{nk i' ofjnk ;wkfJ. nkswk @;ji/ nkt? ;ji/ ikfJ..# j?. nkswk e?;h j? <nuoi eEk wjk nB{g.. gqwkswk gkopqjw ek o{g[.. ojkT[.. Bk fJj p{Yk Bk fJj pkbk.. Bk fJ; d{y[ Bjh iw ikbkBk fJj[ fpB;? Bk fJj[ ikfJ.. nkfd i[rkdh ofjnk ;wkfJ..ƒ.. Bk fJ;[ T[;B[ Bjh fJ; ;hs[.. Bk fJ; d[;wB[ Bk fJ;[ whs[..

..

Bk fJ;[ joy[ Bjh fJ; ;'r[.. ;G[ feS[ fJ; ek fJj[ eoB? i'r[..„..Bk fJ;[ pkg[ BjhA fJ;[ wkfJnk.. fJj ngozgo[ j'sk nkfJnk..gkg g[zB ek fJ;[ b/g B bkr?.. xN xN nzsfo ;d jh ikr?..…..

(r'Av wjbk 5, gzBk 868)fJj j? nkswk dk ;o{g !nkswk dk ;oho (ekfJnk) Bkb @jT[w?# tf; j' e/ ;zi'r pD iKdk j? ns/ @jT[w?# th @j[ew# nXhB j?. pk}hro pk}h gkT[D bJh @jT[w?# g?dk eo fdzdk j?. s/ @ib s/ T{mfj nfBe sozrk#-p/nzs iht ns/ gk;kok g?dk j' iKdk j?. @ekfJnk jzf; ;zi'fr w/fb fwbkfJnk# j[zdk j?. fco @fsB jh ehnk fti'r[ fifB T[gkfJnk# j[zdk ofjzdk j?.nkswk ;dk pqjw-o{g ofjzdh j?. i'fs-;o{g ftu. go fJe tkoh ftS[V e/ fco fJj nktkrtB dk uZeo fJ; soQK eZNdh ofjzdh j? LeJh iBw GJ/ ehN gszrk.. eJh iBw ri whB e[ozrk..eJh iBw gzyh ;og j'fJU.. eJh iBw j?to fpqy i'fJU..ƒ..fwb[ irdh; fwbB eh pohnk.. fuozekb fJj d/j ;ziohnk..ƒ..ojkT[..eJh iBw ;?b frfo efonk.. eJh iBw roG fjfo yfonk..eJh iBw ;ky efo T[gkfJnk.. by uT[ok;hj i'fB GqwkfJnk..„..

(rT[Vh r[nko/oh w L 5, gzBk 176)

nkswk uT[ok;hj bZy i{BK ftu uZeo eZNdh j?. fJj wB[Zyk iBw ftu irdhF B{z fwbdh j?. nkswk ;dk pqjw jh j?. wB, p[fX, fus, fjodk-;G gqfeqsh d/ o{g jB, go fJBQK d[nkok jh i'fs dk gqekF wB[Zy B{z ;jkJh j[zdk j?. wB[, p[fX, fus nkfd @ekfJnk# ns/ @nkswk# d/ ftukb/ ;zi'rh ;kXB jB. nkswk @nzsorfs shoE# j?, @i'fs ;uh wB wkfj#, @i'sh i'fs fwbkJhn? ;[osh ;[ofs ;zi'r#, @nzsfo ewb gqrkf;nk# s/, @fod wkDe w'fb nw'fb#, @fJj wkDe ihT[ fBow'b#, j?, @J/ek ;[ofs i/s/ j? ihn# j?. nkswk B{z @jz;# fejk j? - @ekfJnk jz; ;zi'r w/fb fwbkfJnk# j?.

(

ekfJnk ftu nkswk j? L

ekfJnk nzdfo ;G[ feS[ t;?, yzv wzvb gkskbk..

ekfJnk nzdfo irihtB dksk t;?, ;GBk eo/ gqfsgkbk.. ekfJnk ekwfD ;dk ;[j/bh, r[ow[fy Bkw[ ;w`kbk.. (;{jh w L 3, gzBk 754)

(J) irs gqkfeqsh (matter) : gqfeqsh (matter) B{z @sq?r[DK# s/ @gzi sZsK# dh T[sgsh fejk j? go @sq?r[D# gqwkswk-pqjw dh jh ouBk j?. ns/ T[; d/ j[ew nB[;ko T[; ftu'A jh T[gid/ jB, gqb? Bkb T[; ftu ik e/ ftbhB j[zd/ jB. @gqfeqsh# ;G @pqjw# j? go @pkihroh dh ft;wkdh y/v j?.

fJj j? sq?r[DK dk ft;wkdh gk;kok Lft;wkd[ Bkd ft;wkd[ t/d.. ft;wkd[ ihn ft;wkd[ G/d.. ft;wkd[ o{g ft;wkd[ ozr.. ft;wkd[ Bkr/ fcofj izs.. ft;wkd[ gT[D[ ft;wkd[ gkDh.. ft;wkd[ nrBh y/vfj ftvkDh..

gqfeqsh pqjw ;o{g j? go fet/A pDh, fJj ft;wkdh y/v j?. fJj gk;kok @j[ew# Bkb pfDnk j? Lehsk g;kT[ J/e' etkT[.. fs; s/ j'J/ by dohnkT[.. pqjw s'A fpBK e'Jh j'o ;sk BjhA j?. gzi sZs pqjw ftu'A T[gid/ jB ns/ Lir[ ;[gBk pkih pBh fyB wfj y/b[ y/bkfJ.. ;zi'rh fwfb J/e;/, fti'rh T[fm ikfJ.. (f;oh okw wL 1, gzBk 18)

f;qFNh dk ekoB T[j pqjw nkg jh j? - @nkg/ ekoD[ eosk eo/ f;q;fN d/y? nkfg T[gkfJ#, @;G J/e' fJe[ tosdk nby[ B bfynk ikfJ#-(37) dP?s feXo/ BjhA j?, y/b j? LBk feS[ nkts Bk feS[ ikts ;G[ y/b[ ehU jfo okfJU.. (209) gqfeqsh dk y/b[ ;kok @;fs# j?- @nkfg ;fs ehnk ;G ;fs#, @fBor[B nkfg ;or[B Gh Ujh#, @;op G{s nkfg toskok# ns/ @nkfg ;u[ Xkoh ;G ;ku[# j?. wB, p[fX, fus nkfd ;G fJ;/ gqfeqsh d/ ftef;s o{g jB. ;koh f;qFNh ftu u/szBsk nkswk dh j?.

 

jo gqubs Xow gqDkbh dk nfXn?B r[o{ ih B/ ehsk ;h. @@g/y/ ;op YzY'b## fby e/ ;G B{z nkdo tkbh EK fdZsh go nkgDk f;XKs Bkb fBy/V dZf;nk. T[dkjoD ti'A, nk;k dh tko dk fJe ;b'e @w[;bwkBK f;cfs Fohnfs gfV gfV eofj phuko[# i' S/thA gT[Vh Bkb doi j?, B{z jh d/y'. nozG ftu w[;bwkB d/ Xow dk ;kozF d' s[ZeK ftu fby dZ;d/ jB fe w[;bwkBK ftu }'o Fohnfs dh f;cs s/ j?. Foj s'A pkjo w[;bkwB rfJnk BjhA fe dhB s'A fvZrk BjhA. w[;bwkBh wZs pr?o Foj dh e?d ftu gkfJnK ;KJh dk dhdko j' jh BjhA ;edk. pzdk T[jh j? i' fJ; pzdF B{z f;o wZE/ wzBdk j?.

w[;bwkB fJ; B{z jh Xow ;wMd/ jB fe Foj dh f;\s ehsh ikJ/, gfVQnk s/ thukfonk th Foj B{z jh ikJ/ s/ fJ;/ d/ x/o/ ftu ofjnk ikJ/.fjzd{ pko/ efjzd/ jB fe fjzd{ dk ;kok }'o doFB s/ j?. cb;c/ s/ j?. wzsoK d/ ikg s/ j? iK ;'jD/ oZp dhnK w{oshnK Ykb e/ g{ik eoB s/ j? y[Fp{dko X{gK irkT[D ns/ dht/ wukD s/ jh j?. shoEK s/ ikDk jh T[j tZvk g[zB eow ;wMdk j?. fjzd{ ejh sK ikJ/rk fe tkfjr[o{ fBor[D j? go eo/rk eow eKv, nouk, g{ik s/ shoE fJFBkB.fjzd{ ;kbkjh ;kbk jfB, do;fB o{fg ngko[.shofE Bktfj nouk g{ik, nro tk;[ pjeko[.

i'rhnK dk ;kok isB ;[zB ftu fNeD dk j? ns/ fJj fXnkB d[nkok gqkgs eoBk b'Vd/ jB. fXnkB B{z gekT[D bJh T[j ;{yw s'A ;{yw eosko dk Bkw nby s/ fBoziB oZy b?Ad/ jB go feT[Afe fXnkB XkoB tkbh uh} fesBh th ;{yw j't/, fco th T[; dk nkeko j[zdk j?, ;' T[j jh nkeko d/ g{ikoh pD rJ/, fBozeko d/ Bkj oj/. wB d/ fXnkB ftu ukj/ fesBh th ;{yw F? j't/, T[j w{osh nyfsnko eo ikJ/rk, @ek:k d/ nkeko tkbh#. wB nkg{z feT[Afe d/F ekb dh e?d ftu j?, ;' i' T[; ftu pZM/rk T[j th d/F ekb tkbk jh j't/rk. ;' i'rh dh GNeDk w[edh BjhA pDh ofjzdh j? L

T[BQK b'eK dk th f}eo eod/ jB i' ;dkuko dh BhAj Xow BjhA frDd/ s/ fJj efjzd/ jB fe goT[gekoh j'Dk jh ek\h j?. T[BQK pko/ d' s[eK ftu T[BQK dk ;kok ;[Gkn dZ; fdzd/ jB fe Gkt/A ;zs'y oZy, n?;/ b'eK B/ ewkJh ftu'A pukfJnk s/ fco goT[geko bJh tzfvnk th go id e[M d/Ad/ jB sK nzdo T[BQK dh fJZSk j}koK r[DK b?D dh j[zdh j? ns/ fJj ykfjF pDh ofjzdh j? fe jo e'Jh tkj tkj ej/, F'Gk eo/. Xow BK dh uh} ni/j/ b'eK e'b B j'D ekoB GNeDk BjhA w[Zedh L;shnk wfB ;zs'y[ T[gi?, d/D? e? thukfo..d/ d/ wzrfj ;j;k r{Dk, ;'G eo/ ;z;ko[..

fco nkyho s/ nkgDk Xow fdqVQKd/ jB fe i' Grs jB, T[BQK B{z tkfjr[o{ d/ r[D rkT[D dh G[Zy bZrh ofjzdh j?. ;dk ;bkj[Dk, ;kv/ Xow dk w{b j?. ;Zu dh N/e nkXko j?. ;dk y/V/ ftu ofjDk, uVQdh ebk dk gqrNkT[Dk ;[Gkn j? ns/ fBwqsk tosktk LBkBe Grsk G[y ;kbkj[D, ;u[ Bkw[ nkXko[..;dk nBzfd ojfj fdB[ oksh, r[D tzfsnk gkSko[..fe; y{p;{osh Bkb nkgDk Xow do;kfJnk j?.;' ;kvk Xow j'fJnk L;dk f;cs ;kbkj, ;Zu dh N/e, uVQdh ebk s/ fBwqsk.

go i' gqw/Fo pko/ u[g ofj e/ s/ tkfjr[o{ pko/ e[M B efj e/ ns/ pr?o w[fBnkd d/ nkuoB T[;koh eoBh b'Vd/ jB, T[BQK B{z r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp B/ y{p e'f;nk j?.fJj X[Bh T[mkJh j? LGkt/A @by B/ehnK, uzfrnkJhnK, bZy g[zBk gotkD[.by sg T[gfo shoEK ;ji i'r p/pkD j't/go i/ ;Zuk, BKt BjhA sK ;G ftnoE j? feT[Afe fJj ;G wB dh wfs d/ thuko s'A T[Zgi ehs/ eow jB. t/dK dk EK EK f}eo r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu fwbdk j?. ;wMKd/ j'J/ efjDr/ fe goukfonk sK fJj iKdk j? fe t/d dh iV nk;wkB ftu j?, FkyK Xosh ftu s/ gZshnK i' t/dK d/ wzso jB SK L

@@T{oX w{b fi;[ ;ky sbkjk, ukfo p/d fis[ bkr?.##

go sZe', gqukoB tkb/ nkg{z wkfJnk fet/A rq;/ jB. fBo/ tkgkoh. ;' t/d ftu i' tkgkoh-g[Dk j? T[; s'A Bkb-Bkb jh ;[u/s eod/ ikDr/ sK fe t/d B{z e'Jh d/t pkDh jh B frD bt/. t/d ftukohnK B{z @pj[o{ghnk# th fejk j? feT[Afe T[j fJe dk T[gkFe BjhA pDB d/Ad/. t?FBtK, F?tK, ;kesK, rDgsk s/ ;{oi d/ g{ikohnK dk f}eo fJE/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu j? go Bkb jh T[BQK tZb w{zj B eoD dh fdqVQ gq/oBk j?. wkfJnk B{z gqG{ dh dk;h efjnk j? ns/ wkfJnk fgS/ bZrD tkb/ ;kes wBw[Zy sK j? jh go Bkb jh T[jBK B{z nzX-nfrnkBh th efjDk mhe j?.

;Zu p'bDk L;u[ ykDk ;u[ g?BDk ;u/ jh ftfu tk;[..

;dk ;uk ;kbkjDk ;u? ;pfd fBtk;[..;G[ nksw okw[ gSkfDnk r[owsh fBi xfo tk;[..

;u[ t/yD[ ;u[ p'bDk sB[ wB[ ;uk j'fJ..fizBh ;u[ ft;kfonk ;/ d[yhJ/ ub/ o'fJ..

E'VQk p'bDk LfiE? p'bD jkohn? fsE? uzrh u[g.. (tko wkMfwZmk p'bDk Lfwms[ Bhth BkBek r[D uzfrnkJhnk ss[.. fiE/ ikfJ pjhn? Gbk ejhn? ;[ofs ;pd[ fbykJhn?.. (tvjz; wL 1

pj[sk p'bD[ MyD j'fJ.. (XBk;oh wL 1)

fcZek BjhA p'bDk LBkBe fce? p'fbn? sB[ wB[ fcek j'fJ.. fce' fcek ;dhn? fce/ fceh ;'fJ.. wL1fcek p'bfj Bk fBtfj d{ik GkT[ ;[nkT[.. nk;k wL3fBzdk BjhA eoBk Lfod? ;[X iT[ fBzd j'fJ.. jwo/ ego/ fBzde X'fJ.. (rT[Vh epho ih-339)

fBzde ek w[y[ ekbk j'nk dhB d[Bhnk e? dopkfo.. (XBk;oh wL 5-

frnkB, ftt/e s/ ftuko F[ZX Lij frnkB gqrk; nfrnkB fwNzs.. (;{jh tko wL 1d/y" GkJh rQkB eh nkJh nKXh..;G? T[vkBh Gqw eh NkNh oj? B wkfJnk pKXh.. ƒ..ojkT[.. (rT[Vh u/sh epho ih-

wB[Zy iks B{z fJe iks ;wMDk (;opZs dk Gbk) Lntfb nbj B{o[ T[gkfJnk e[dos e/ ;G pzd/..J/e B{o s/ ;G[ ir[ T[gfink eT[B Gb/ e' wzd/.. (gqGksh epho ih-1349)cohdk ykbe[ ybe wfj ybe t;? op wkfj..wzdk fe;B' nkyhn? iK fs;[ fpB[ e'Jh Bkfj.. fBwosk oZyDk L(jbhwh, raohph,, wB BhtK)epho ;G s/ jw p[o/ jw sfi Gb' ;G[ e'fJ.. fifB n?;k efo p{fMnk whs[ jwkok ;'fJ.. ;G[ e' fBt? nkg eT[ go eT[ fBt? B e'fJ..Xfo skoki{ s'bhn? fBt? ;[ rT[ok j'fJ.. (nk;k dh tko wL 1

fBowkDsk LwB s{z ws wkD[ eofj fi jT[ feS[ ikDdk r[ow[fy fBwkDk j'j[.. nzsfo nfrnkB[ jT[ p[fX j? ;fu ;pfd wb[ y'j[.. (nk;k wL 3-441)j'fJ fBwkDh ;/t ewktfj sk gqhsw j'tfj wfB fgnkoh.. (nk;k wL 5-377)w'j[ --B fe; ek g{s[ B fe; eh wkJh..M{m/ w'fj Gofw G[bkJh.. (nk;k wL 1-357)w'j[ e{V[ e[Nzp[ j? wBw[y[ w[rX[ osk.. (;{jh tko wL 3, gT[Vh-787)w'j e[Nzp f;T[ gqhfs B j'fJ..ik fjod? tf;nk ;u[ ;'fJ.. (rT[Vh wL 3, 232)

fywK eoBkfsBk B wko/ x[zfw..fywk rjh pqs[ ;hb ;zs'yz.. o'r[ B fpnkg? B iw d'yz.. (rT[Vh wL 1-223)fywk rohph nBd ;ji igs ojfj r[Dsk;.. (rT[Vh pktB nyoh wL 5, 253)dfJnk eoBk Ld{y B d/Jh fe;? ihn gfs f;T[ xfo iktT[.. (rT[Vh tko wL 5-322)wfB ;zs'y ;op ihn dfJnk.. (fEsh rT[Vh wL 5-299)f;woB[ GiB[ dfJnk Bjh ehBh sT[ w[y u'Nk ykfjrk.. (wko{ epho ih-1106)

(;b'e cohd ih-1378)cohdk i' s? wkofB w[ehnK

eq'X BjhA eoBk L

ekw[ eq'X ekfJnk eT[ rkb?.. fiT[ ezuB ;'jkrk Ykb?.. (okwebh wL 1-932)cohdk p[o/ dk Gbk efo r[;k wfB B jYkfJ.. d/jh o'r[ B brJh gb? ;G[ feS[ gkfJ.. (;b'e cohd ih-;zs'y eoBk (;po) Lo[yh ;[yh ykfJ e? mzvk gkDh ghT[.. cohdk d/fy gokJh u'gVh B so;kJ/ ihT[.. (;b'e cohd ih-1379)fpBk ;zs'y Bjh e'T{ oki?.. ;[gB wB'oE fpqE/ ;G eki?.. (rT[Vh ;[ywBh wL 5-278-09;s[ ;zs'y[ dfJnk ewkt? J/j eoDh ;ko.. (f;oh okr[ wL 5-51)

b'G BjhA eoBk L b'Gh ek t/;kj[ B ehi? i/ek gkfo t;kfJ..nzs ekfb fsE? X[j? fiE? jE[ B gkfJ.. (;b'e wL 3)bkbu M{m fpeko w'j fpnkgs w{V/ nzX.. bkfr go/ d[orzX f;T[ BkBe wkfJnk pzX. (rT[Vh pktB wL5j[ew o}k s/ ubDk (j[ew wzBDk) L;' eo/ fi fs;? oikfJ.. (nk;k dh tko wL 1-j[efw oikJh ubDk BkBe fbfynk Bkfb. (ig[ih ;kfjp, wL 1-1)wB eh wfs fsnkrj[ jfo iB j[ew[ p{M ;[y[ gkJhn? o/.. i' gqG[ eo? ;'Jh Gb wkBj[ ;[fy d[fy Ujh fXnkJhn? o/.. (rT[Vh wL 5-209)

 

1H pqfjwzv ouBk L pqfjwzv pko/ ftfrnkBhnK dh fenk; (theory) j? fe fJj nkeko gfjbK fJe r'b/ dh Feb ftu ;h ns/ nukBe r'b/ ftu n?BK }'odko Xwkek j'fJnk fe r'bk cZN frnk ns/ fJjd/ cND Bkb pqfjwzv ofunk frnk (Big bang theory) fJ; goEkJ/ ;dhnK gfjbK dk r[o c[owkB j? Lnkg/ ;u[ ehnk eo i'fV.. nzvi c'fV i'fV ftS'fV.. Xofs nek;[ ehJ/ p?;D eT[ EkT[.. okfs fdBzs[ ehJ/ GT[ GkT[.. fifB ehJ/ efo t/yDjkok.. nto[ B d{ik f;oiDjkok.. (839nopd Bopd X[zX{ekok.. XofD B rrBk j[ew[ ngkok.. Bk fdB[ o?fB B uzd[ Bk ;{oi ;[zB ;wkfX brkfJdk.. (1035)

2H pqfjwzv dk gk;kok L r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ ig[ih ;kfjp ftu pqfjwzv iK nekb g[oy dh ouh j'Jh ouBk pko/ dZf;nk j? fe J/; dk e'Jh nzs BjhA ns/ fj;kp eofdnK fj;kp BjhA j' ;edk ;r'A frDsh w[e iKdh j? go fJ; ouBk dk nzs BjhA fbnk ik ;edk Xosh j'o[ go? j'o[ j'o[.. fs; s/ Gko[ sb? etD[ i'o[.. (3) gkskbk gkskb by nkrk;k nkrk;.. UVe UVe Gkfb Ee/ t/d ejfB fJe tks.. nZi ftfrnkBh th pqfjwzv B{z jZd pzB/ s'A fpBK ns/ frDsh s'A pkjo wzBd/ jB. fit/A fe Munitz (1957) fbyd/ jB.

3H ihtB dk nkozG L ;?AeV/ ;kb gfjbK r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ ihtB ouBk pko/ T[gd/F d/AfdnK c[owkfJnk j? L;ku/ s/ gtBk GfJnk gtB? s/ ib[ j'fJ.. ib s/ fsqGtD[ ;kfink xfN xfN i'fs ;w'fJ.. noE ;gZFN jB nekb g[oy B/ jtk pDkJh ns/ jtk s'A gkDh pfDnk j?. j[D ftfrnkBhnK dk fenk; j? id'A Xosh ni/ row ;h fJjdh T[sbh gZXo s/ r?;K pDhnK ns/ fiT[A fJj mzvh j'Jh fJjBK s'A c/o gkDh pfDnk. ftfrnkBhnK dk ftuko j? fe gfjbK gfjb iht izs{ gkDh ftu jh g?dk j'J/ pkeh T[sgsh c/o fJjBK s'A j'Jh.

BfFnK fto[ZX skVBk L pkpk j'o[ ykDk y[;h y[nko[..fis[ ykX/ sB[ ghVhn? wB wfj ubfj fteko.. (16)r[opkDh ns/ ofjsBkw/ nB[;ko ;G BfFnK dh tos'A f;ZyK tk;s/ e[ofjs j? wkD;[ Gfonk nkfDnk wkD;[ Gfonk nkfJ..fis[ ghs? wfs d{fo j'fJ pob[ gt? ftfu nkfJ..nkgDk gokfJnk B gSkDJh y;wj[ Xe/ ykfJ..fis[ ghs? y;w[ ft;o? dorj fwb? ;ikfJ..M{mk wd[ w{fb B ghuJh i/ ek gkfo t;kfJ..BkBe Bdoh ;u[ wd[ gkJhn? ;fsr[o[ fwb? fi;[ nkfJ.. (554)