library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi...

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Transcript of library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi...

Page 1: library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi . npo£5p£io: n. nQTla~, E. I TQllnOUAOyAOU. npO&apOC; (naTtae;): ruvexi~OUlle

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116 TCXV lKO XPOVlKC

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I~~I EB 1----~------------- - --- ---- - ------ - -------~--------- -------------------------------_

1 ~ 1 - -- ____r_G_~ect~IS_ ~ --_ _-_ __------------- _ --- _- --_ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

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117 2T] poundKTOKHI poundK500T] 95 TexvlKa XpovlKa

bull OPI

c MBytcs

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1ffl

17tXJ 1m

100 1pound()

12)- 1nJ Q Q 1m

100 1100 ~

8)r r (I 9D u

ff) U)

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Scanner pixel size (J1m)

Q

Q c a

Q cc

--~~ ashy()l ()l

ijshy~~ -~a shya 0 ~ ~oc e ~Q

z~ OIl CIa 100 Q-

2X~J1a 4 2xtaT] J1cyteouc pixeIIJT]cplaK~C cIKovac CLQKPITlK~C IKavOTT]rac aapwT17 Kal ashynaIT~aclC anOe~KcuaT]C ava clKova (8bitpixe)

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no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmax= 150mm

tJr= 775 em = 3875m VLQ KAill0KO qgtwTOVPoqgtioc 15000

tJr= 775 em = 387 5m VIO Khill0KO PwToVPoqgtioc 1 50 000

no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmbullbull = 103mm

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO qgtwTOvpoqgtioc 1 5000

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO PwTovpoqgtioc 1 50000

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118 TeXVl 6 XPOVIKcl

30

25

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V20

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to

05

00 p 1) II

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bull oZ

1)

Pixel size (JIm)

I I

30

-~ 25

-20

15

10

05

0 0 100

E-

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20

18

16

14

12

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2 ~ ~~~~

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bull 20 40 60 80 100

pi xel size ( m) or orilioal photo

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IlOTa onwe

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5 Iu~mp6o~aTO

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120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

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no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmax= 150mm

tJr= 775 em = 3875m VLQ KAill0KO qgtwTOVPoqgtioc 15000

tJr= 775 em = 387 5m VIO Khill0KO PwToVPoqgtioc 1 50 000

no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmbullbull = 103mm

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO qgtwTOvpoqgtioc 1 5000

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO PwTovpoqgtioc 1 50000

Eivol npoqgtOvpounde Aomov on TOUAaXlaTOV OVT]YllEVee elKovee npEnel va XPTlOlll0noITl80UV Ko8we TO OqgtaAshy

l1OTO e~atTioe TT]e KAiOT]e )ev eivat K080AOU 011eATlshyTea nOAU )e nepIoooTepo on OU~aVOVTat yewlleTplshyKa OTOUe unOAOYIOll0Ue TWV ell~05wv TWV KOAAlepshyyelwv

AHa Kat TO OqgtaAllOTO e~atTioe TOU ovoyACJqgtou )ev elVat 011eATlTpound0 onwe qgtOiVpoundTOl ana TO noponaVW 510shy

ypollll0 ( OX~110 2)

KOTa OUVEnelO Tl 110v051K~ eVOAAOKTlK~ AUOT] eivat Tl XP~OT] Op80cpWTOypOqgtlwv 11pound00 oe eva GIS Ylo 510shyxeiploTl TWV llTlTPWWV 0 TponOe nopoywy~e op80shyqgtWTOypOqgtIWV oe nepI~6Hov ljJTlqgtIOK~e qgtwTOypOllshylleTpioe qgtoiveTOI aTO OX~110 3

Evo aHo epWTTlll0 elVOl 01 onOlT~oele oe oKpi~elo aHa KOI e~OnAI01l0 Yla TT]V elooywy~ ljJTlqgtIOKWV elKoshyvwv oe poundvo OUaTTlll0 nAT]poqgtoPIWV K08we eniOT]e Kat 01 OVaYKee oe llV~l1Tl an08~KeUOT]e

ita 11poundye80e pixel lllKpOtepo TWV 1011m 01 onOlT~oele TOOO oe )lOKPlTlK~ IKOVOtT]TO scanner 000 KOlllV~l1Tl on08~KeUOTle oU~aVOVTOl unpoundPlleTpO ita 11poundye80e pixel l1lKpoTepo TWV 1011m OnOITelTOl )IOKPlTlK~ IKOshyVOTTlTO TOUAaXlaTOV 1000 dpi evw OTTl )IOKpITOTTlTO TWV 20llm Ylo TTlV on08~KeUoTl 1110e oepoqgtwToyposhyqgtioe onOlTouvTOl 130Mb To eu poe TWV 25-5011m 0shynatTel OXeTlKa onAo e~onAloll0 5TlAO)~ )IOKPlTlK~ l shyKOVOTTlTO ljJTlqgtlonoiTloTle 300-1200dpi KOl On08TlKeUshynK~ llVrlllTl 20-1 OOMb (~A eniOT]e Light 1993 Patias 1993 Skalet et aI 1992)

118 TeXVl 6 XPOVIKcl

30

25

L

V20

L~i ~ 15

to

05

00 p 1) II

I

V 0 oXY

bull oZ

1)

Pixel size (JIm)

I I

30

-~ 25

-20

15

10

05

0 0 100

E-

rXr1J10 5 rXto17 J1eyteouc pixel ltJTJeptaKr1C etKCWoc Kal aKpi3 elOC urroJoywJ10u ouvrerayptshyvwv eoacpouc (OptlovTloypoep lKa 0XY Kat utjJOJ1erp lKa ozJ Yla eVOeIKTlKr1 KAiJ10 KO epwshyroypaepiac 120000

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

1

~ ~~ ~~

I

-~

6 ~~ ~ ~ ~

4 ~

2 ~ ~~~~

~

o

~ ~ ~

~~ ~

~~~~ ~~ ~~~~~

~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~N

bull 20 40 60 80 100

pi xel size ( m) or orilioal photo

rXr1J1a 6 rXtoTJ J1eyteouC pixel tfJ17 CPIOKr1C elKovac Kat ptyw rou eTTlrperroJ1evou ouvreJeOTr1 peyteuvoTJC YQ rrapaywYr1 op8ocpwroypaepioc

119 TEXVIKO XPOVlKO

re OIlEOll OXEOll IlE Til 5laKplTlKi] lKaVOTllTa Tile ElKOshyvae ElVOl Kalil 5uvOToTllTa va IlETPllSOUV 01 OUVTEshyTOYIlEVEe TWV OllIlElWV Tile 11pound KanOla aKpl[3Ela _ KOl ElshyVOl [3E [3Ola aUTOvollTO OTl aUTO poundnl5pa allEOa mllv ashyKpi[3Ela npo0510PlOilOU TWV EniYElwv ouvTpoundTaYIlEVWV TWV 011IlElWV aUH0v _

napaTllPwvTae TO 51aypallila TOU oxi]llaTOe 5 IlnoshyPOUIlE va [3yaAoullE Ta E~i]e oUl1npoundpOOI1OTa H aKpishy[3Ela npo0510PIOilOU TWV ltjlWToypaqgtIKwv ouvTETaYIlEshyvwv EVOe OllllEiou KaSWe KOl Tile nopoAAa~lle ElVOl Tile T()~I1e TWV 211m Yla IltYESOe pixel 10l1m KOl Tlle TO~I1e TWV 611m Yla IlEYESOe pixel 40llm 01 aKpi[3ElEe unoAoYlollOU TWV ouvTETaYIlEVWV E50ltjloue E~apTwshyVTal ana Tllv KAillaKa an0500lle Ev5ElKTlKa Yla KA1shyllaKa aEp0ltjlWToypaltjliae 1 20_000 11 OPI~OVTloypaltjlIKi] aKpi[3Ela Eival KaAuTEPll TWV 10cm Yla IlEYESOe pixel 1l1KpOTEPO TWV 501lm H Ulj0IlETPIKi] aKpi[3Ela EivOl Tile Ta~lle TWV 180cm Yla IlEYESOe pixel 40llm Kal Tile Tashy~11e TWV 90cm Yla IlEYESOe pixel 20llm KOla OUVEnEla 510KPlTlKi] IKaVOTllTO Tile Ta~l1e TWV 10llm i] 1l1KPOTEshyPll npEnEI va XPllOlll0nOlElTOl Yla apoundpOTpIYWVIOIlO Eshyvw IlEYESll pixel Tile Ta~l1e TWV 30-40llm ElVOl aPKETa Yla ltjlWToypallllpoundTPlKi] an050011 5111l10upyia lj11ltjllashyKOU 1l0VTEAOU E5altjloue Kal napaywyi] 0pSOltjlWTOshyypaltjliae (f3A- EniOlle Thorpe 1991 Kure et aI 1992 Ninghua 1992)_

KOla TllV napaywyi] Tile 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae 11 KAillashyKa Tile aPXIKi]e EIKovae IlEYES UVpoundTOl_ EivOl npOltjlaVEe OTI 0 OuvTEAEmi]e aUTOe I1EYESUVOlle 5EV IlnopEl va aU~I1SEl aoplma KOl EivOl [3E[3Ola ltjlUOlKO va EXEI OXEshyOll KOlIlE TI1 5IaKPlTlKi] lKaVOTllTa Tile aPXlKi]e poundIKovae

To oxi]lla 6 Ilae 5ivEI TIe OXEOe LC~ KAillaKae apXIKi]e ltjlWToypaltjliae Kat napaYOIlEVlle 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae OE OUVapTllOll [3E[3ata IlE TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Eivat npoltjlavEe OTI 0 EnlTPEnOIlEVOe OUVTEAEoTi]e IlEYEshySUVOlle yla Tllv napaywyi] OpSOltjlwToypaltjliae IlpoundyashyAWVEI 000 1l1KpaivEI TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Tile apXIKi]e ltjlWTOypaltjliae AUTO oUIl[3aivEI Toao OE I1EYOAlle 00 0 KOl OE IlIKpi]e KAillaKOe ltjlWToypaltjliEe 11 E~apTlloi] TOU 5E ana TllV KAillaKa Tile ltjlwTOypaltjliae poundiVOl ypalllllKi] na napo5ElYlla Yla IlEYESOe pixel apXIKIie ltjlWToypashyltjliae 40llm 0 IlEYlOTOe EnLTpEnOI1EVOe OUvTEApoundOTi]e IlEYESUVOlle EivOl 2x EVW ylO I1EYESoe pixel apXIKi]e ltjlwToypaltjliae 20l1m 0 IlEYIOTOe EnlTpEnOI1EVOe OUshyVTEApoundOTlie I1EYESUVOlle ElVOl 4x

nplv KAElOOUIlE aUTIi TllV avaltjlopo OTO TEXVlKa nposhy[3A1iIlOTa nou altjlopouv Til xpliOll lj11ltjllaKWV OpSOltjlWshyToypaltjllWv OTa GIS Kal EI51KoTEpa OTa ouoTlil1aTa nAllP0ltjl0PlWV Il11TPWWV ElVOl 151aiTEpa 011llaVTlKO va avaltjlEpSOUIlpound EOTW Kat aKpoSlywe ma SEIlOTa nposhy51aypaltjlWV (nLbATM 1993 USGS 1992) nou npEnEI va 51EnOUV TOOO Tllv napaywYIi 000 Kat H1V anoSi]shyKpounduoll aAt-a KOlIlEAt-oVTlKIi xpliOll TWV napayollEvwV 0pSOltjlWToypaltjlHDV_ Av 11 EllnElpia Tile EAt-Elljl1e nposhy5laypaltjlWv OHIV EnA IiTOV 05uvllPi] 11 poundAAElljll nposhy5laypaltjlWV KOTa TllV KOTaPTlOll TWV 1lf1TPWWV Kal 151shyaiTEpa IlE Til XPrlOllljllltjllaKWV ElKOVWV Sa EivOl KOlashympOltjlIKi]

01 np05IaypaltjlEe AOtnOV nou altjlOpOUv TIe OpSOltjlWshyTOypaltjliEe Sa nppoundnpound1 va TunonOlOUV ilIa OElpa ana SE-

IlOTa onwe

- OplOIlOC opWV ljllltjllaKi]e 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae

- np00510PI01l0 C KAillaKac apXlKi]e ElKovac Tpono ltjlWTOypaltjlllOllC KOl avanapaywyi]e SpoundOll npo[3oAlshyKOU KEVTPOU nooomo Tile apXIKi]e EIKovae nou nppoundshynEI va XPllOlIlOnOlElTat Yla Tllv napaywyi] OpSOltjlWshyTOypaltjliae poundAOXIOTOe aplSIlOe Kal SpoundOll ltjlwTomashySEPWV mllv apXIKi] ElKova

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- KaSopIOIlOC Kat nAi]Plle nEplypaltjli] TOU format anoshySi]KEUOlle Kat aVTOAAayi]e TWV ljllltjllaKWV EIKOVWV EshyTOl wmE va ElVOl npoo[3aOlIlEC ano OAOUe aAt-a KOl Kupiwe va Eivat XPllOlllonOli]OlIlEe ano IlEAAOVTlKa unoAoYlOTlKO oumi]llaTa

- KaSoplOIlOe TOU Tponou EAEYXOU Tile nOlOTllTae TOU TEAIKOU npo(OVTOC KaSWe Kat Tile au 11 [3OTOTllTae TOU IlE TIe np05IaypaltjlEe (apISIlOe KOl SEOll OllIlEishywv EAEYXOU TponOe EAEYXOU Tile paoIOIlETplKi]e nOlshyOTllTOe Kal Til e YEWIlpoundTPlKi]c aKpi[3Elae TponOe EshynE~Epyaoiae TWV OEOOIlEVWV OTOTIOTlKOi poundAEYXOl KAn)

5 Iu~mp6o~aTO

H mavamaOll Tile ljllltjllaKi]c ltjlWToypaIlIlETpiae EKTOe ana TO aAAa EltjlEPE Kat 010 ltjlWC VpoundOUe TunOUe npo(oshyVTWV onwe aUTO Tile 4JllltjllaKi]e 0pSOltjlwToypaltjliae To npo(ov ElVOl 151aiTEpo Ev51altjlEpOV TOOO E~OlTiae Tile nAi]pwe aUToIlOTOnOlllllEVlle napaywyi]e TOU 000 Kat 510Tl npOOltjlpoundppoundTat we oo[3apo UnOKaTamaTO TOU XapTll OE nEptnTWOEle onou AOYOI OIKOVOlllKoi aMa KOl TOXUH1TOe EVllllpoundpWOlle naAlWV uno[3aSpwv TO ashynatTOUV

H lj11ltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlwToypaltjlia napEXEl 0IlWe KOl Til 5UVOTOTllTO EllnAOUTlOIlOU EVOe GIS IlE TllV nAil poshyltjlopia 1l1ae ltjlwTOypaltjliae nou OUV05EUETOI ano Tllv ashyKpi[3Ela EVOe XapTll KaTl nou I1poundXPI Twpa llaAt-OV 110shyvo aKa511lla(Ko Ev51altjlEpOV npoKaAouoE Kupiwe Eshy~atTiae Tile EAt-Elljlle Tile anapaiTllTlle TEXvoAoyiae_

H OUIl[30Ai] Tile ljllltjllaKi]e ltjlWToypalll1poundTpiae Katl5laishyTEpa npO(OVTWV Tile onwe llljllltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlWToypashyltjlia 0111 OUVTO~ll TWV Il11TPWWV Sa poundiVOl 0llllaVTlKi] EivOl 0IlWe YEyovoe OTI KaSWe ilIa TpoundTola TEXvoAoyia Eivatl51ainpa vEapi] anOlTEiTOl 01 xpi]01Ee Tile va EishyVOl EVllI1EPWIlEVOl we npoc TIe 5uvaTOTllTEe TOUe nEshyPlOPIOIlOUC Kat Tile TEXVlKpoundC EVaAt-aKTlKEe AUOElC nou I1noPOUV va a KoAouS1l80uv Onwe EniOlle Kat 01 ushynllPEoiEe nou 51aXElpi~oVTOl TETOlOU IlEYESOUe poundpya

120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

npoelipoe (LTOlnouAoyAOU) ruvEXi~oUlE Ile TTlv EshynOlEVll poundlmiYI1Of] TUlV KK r ewpyonouAou Kol3l3olia Kat Bo~iKI1

Page 3: library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi . npo£5p£io: n. nQTla~, E. I TQllnOUAOyAOU. npO&apOC; (naTtae;): ruvexi~OUlle

11 4 TcxvlKO XPOVIKO 2T) EKTaKTTJ EKOoO1 95

napobOOlaKCt npOrOVTO onwe apxeia OuvTETaYI-IEVWv OTJI-lEiwv xapTee Ii Op60cp wToypatp iec I-IETaOX11-10T1shy~ovTal Oe VPO CP lKO apxeio CAD ~ Oc nOAunAoKineshypoue Ouv6uoOl-Io ue ypacplKwv KOl 1-I 1 -ypacpIKwv opshyXeiwv GIS (Baltsavias 1993) AAAQ Kat 1 1010 1 11i 1tploshyK~ cpwToypaqgtia We TeAIKo nparov anonAE i IJla enashyVOOTaO1 Olon i5ev eivat anAa avaYKaio Yla TIlV avashynapCtOToO1 OVTlKellleVWV ~ aTll OLQOlKaOia ava8ewshyPIlOTJe Tile OVOnOpaOTOOTJe aUT~e a~AO unapXOU Vnashypa noMoi MyOL va eivol em8UI-I1 TO va anOTEAel Eva ~exwplOTo l-IepOe ev6e GIS Kat I-IOAlOTO 1-1 amp ~exwplshyOTa XaPOKTTJ PIOTIKCt onwe aUTO TO U I-IlKPOU cc KUKAOU ~w~e Il5 laiTepa 1-l0010Ta OTav e~ETO~OVTOl cp mv6shy-lEva IlE OUVT0I-ITJ I5lcipKEla e~EA l~llC ~ EIlcpaVlane (nx rroyoc VEPO ~MOTTO1 nupKaYlEC pWYl-lee KA rr)

24 AUTo~aTlall oc bull anoi5ox~

Til lJeYOATJ 15T)110TlKOT1TO Tile TJ lJTJCPlaKti CP WTOyp0 l-IshylleTpia TTJV ocpeiAel Oe EVO I1E pOC Kat OTTJ V eyyev~ TTJe OUVOnJTTJTO va aUTollaTonolti Oel n Anpwc ne CPWTOshyypall iJeTplKEe I5laOlKaOiee AUTO I3E l3ma oev EXEl eshynmux8ei aKOIlO lllablKoOiee 6nwc 01 rrpoOOVQTOAlshy01101 Tl OUAAOYJ1 TWV AemOlJepe lWV ~ Il KQTaaKeU~ llilql laKwv I-IOVTEAWV El5acpO Ue eivat (Oe napoywYlKO enimbo) lOVO llePIKO aUT0I-IOTOnOllwpoundvee nM pTJ C OUTOlJaTOnoiTJOTJ EXel enmux8ei I-I0vo OTT) ololi lKoOia TTJe napaywvtic lJl1qlIOKWV Op8ocpwTOypacplWv (aun) eivOl euvOIlTO Ko8we TJ o laolKaaia oUTti ftmv Kat on6 nOAlonpo nAftpWe OUT0l1aTorrorIl1-l8Vl) nap oAo 0shyIlWe nov Ol npooboKiec yLQ nAftPTJ etoAellJ1l TaU OVshySpwmvo u nopOYOVTO ana TIe xpov o l3opce CP WTOshyVPOflfleTplKic b lOolKooielt oev eKnAIlPw SlKOV lleXPl

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3 l1lPlaKi~ tIK6vamp~ KCl GIS Eva ono TO 8811OTO nou naAloTEpa napo uoia~ov 11 0shyvo oKal51 l1alKO Ev6lacpepov aAAO n ou Tltil PO unapxouv mo Ko8apo npaKTIKo[ AOYOI nou em~aAAO UV 11 OU ~ft shy

TTJaJi TOUe Eivat 1 OUVOTOTTJTa TWV GIS va XP1Oll1oshynOlliOouv llillCPlaK8e ElKOVpound lt Ka l OX1 1-I0VO 151aVu 0I-l0TlshyKO l5eoolJeva OOOV acpopa TTJ axeDll TWV Mo 11 XP~shyOTJ TWV llillCPlaKwv ElKOVWV oe tva GIS I1nopd va npooshyolopla8ei I-IE TOUe e~tic li laltjl0pETlKOU e TponoUe

- E~avwvit liE5ol1poundVWV ano llilltploKtlt EIKOVElt Yla xp~ shyOTJ oe GIS

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- 4JlcplaKe~ EIKOVpounde we JlXOV1olJi)( tVIIJpoundpWOI1e TT)e nAl1potpop iae ae Eva GIS

Ano TOUe OUVOTO Ue OUTOUe Tpono uc 0 oEunpo~ nashypoumo~e l Kat TO I-lEyaAuTEpo Evlilocpepov Kat elval ishyOw~ 0 AlYOTEPO npotpovtiq Eivol OI-lWe Kat 0 TponOe va EKI-IETOAAEU8d Koveic DAa TO nAEOVpoundKTTtIlOTa nou

2Xl 1 1 J L 1 L 1 L

- 18) 0 Area covered by single photo ~

120000

110000

100000

~oo

EmOO

70000

60000

0000

40000

30000

20000

10000

o

N E

lIjI 1ffl-

Number of photos in Greece bull ~

0 14)c r Q

12) w-

1 If ~ ~

~

IjII I 100

IJ= ~ ~

~ ffi ~

4l0

~ shy

1)ltII ~

~ -lt a ---

o 10000 20000 ~ooo 40000 50000 60000 70000

Photo scale (1 )

IXr7jJo 1 neploxr nov KOAumel jJ ia aep ocpwroypacpia Kal apI BjJoc cpwroypaqmlJv nov anaLshyrouvral Yla va KaAu cp 8e l OAT T xwpa (eKTaCTT] = 132000 km2)

115 T8XVlKO XPOVlKO

2400

2100

1000

- e =shy-

ltl

1rJO

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no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmbullbull = 103mm

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5 Iu~mp6o~aTO

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120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

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6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

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H OUIl[30Ai] Tile ljllltjllaKi]e ltjlWToypalll1poundTpiae Katl5laishyTEpa npO(OVTWV Tile onwe llljllltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlWToypashyltjlia 0111 OUVTO~ll TWV Il11TPWWV Sa poundiVOl 0llllaVTlKi] EivOl 0IlWe YEyovoe OTI KaSWe ilIa TpoundTola TEXvoAoyia Eivatl51ainpa vEapi] anOlTEiTOl 01 xpi]01Ee Tile va EishyVOl EVllI1EPWIlEVOl we npoc TIe 5uvaTOTllTEe TOUe nEshyPlOPIOIlOUC Kat Tile TEXVlKpoundC EVaAt-aKTlKEe AUOElC nou I1noPOUV va a KoAouS1l80uv Onwe EniOlle Kat 01 ushynllPEoiEe nou 51aXElpi~oVTOl TETOlOU IlEYESOUe poundpya

120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

npoelipoe (LTOlnouAoyAOU) ruvEXi~oUlE Ile TTlv EshynOlEVll poundlmiYI1Of] TUlV KK r ewpyonouAou Kol3l3olia Kat Bo~iKI1

Page 5: library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi . npo£5p£io: n. nQTla~, E. I TQllnOUAOyAOU. npO&apOC; (naTtae;): ruvexi~OUlle

116 TCXV lKO XPOVlKC

EoomQu((~ JtQOOOva~

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Iuv6QEkooTl mea~

~~ -~----------- -------- -------- - ----~----------- ------ - -----------------------

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1 IIOXIU ~t6l11t~ ~~oe60(pOmrYQ(l~

EmlvaaUataaTl ttllt ~ wroVQlt

I~~I EB 1----~------------- - --- ---- - ------ - -------~--------- -------------------------------_

1 ~ 1 - -- ____r_G_~ect~IS_ ~ --_ _-_ __------------- _ --- _- --_ bullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbullbull

IXr1J10 3 MeBoooAoyia 1jJ17(jlaKr1C (jWTOYPOJ1lerp [ar yw r17v napaywyi] 1jJ17(jlaKwv opBocpwshyToypacpuiJV

117 2T] poundKTOKHI poundK500T] 95 TexvlKa XpovlKa

bull OPI

c MBytcs

an 19XJ

1ffl

17tXJ 1m

100 1pound()

12)- 1nJ Q Q 1m

100 1100 ~

8)r r (I 9D u

ff) U)

4)

5X) 1)

n) 0 fD 1) 1m

Scanner pixel size (J1m)

Q

Q c a

Q cc

--~~ ashy()l ()l

ijshy~~ -~a shya 0 ~ ~oc e ~Q

z~ OIl CIa 100 Q-

2X~J1a 4 2xtaT] J1cyteouc pixeIIJT]cplaK~C cIKovac CLQKPITlK~C IKavOTT]rac aapwT17 Kal ashynaIT~aclC anOe~KcuaT]C ava clKova (8bitpixe)

80Ulle oe opKpoundTa ana aUTO 8ewpWVTOe naVTOTe on Tl ljJTlqgtlOK~ elKOVO nppoundnel va OnOTeAel poundVO l1poundpOe TOU OUOT~110TOe nATlPoqgtOPlWV llT]TPWWV

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no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmax= 150mm

tJr= 775 em = 3875m VLQ KAill0KO qgtwTOVPoqgtioc 15000

tJr= 775 em = 387 5m VIO Khill0KO PwToVPoqgtioc 1 50 000

no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmbullbull = 103mm

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO qgtwTOvpoqgtioc 1 5000

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO PwTovpoqgtioc 1 50000

Eivol npoqgtOvpounde Aomov on TOUAaXlaTOV OVT]YllEVee elKovee npEnel va XPTlOlll0noITl80UV Ko8we TO OqgtaAshy

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KOTa OUVEnelO Tl 110v051K~ eVOAAOKTlK~ AUOT] eivat Tl XP~OT] Op80cpWTOypOqgtlwv 11pound00 oe eva GIS Ylo 510shyxeiploTl TWV llTlTPWWV 0 TponOe nopoywy~e op80shyqgtWTOypOqgtIWV oe nepI~6Hov ljJTlqgtIOK~e qgtwTOypOllshylleTpioe qgtoiveTOI aTO OX~110 3

Evo aHo epWTTlll0 elVOl 01 onOlT~oele oe oKpi~elo aHa KOI e~OnAI01l0 Yla TT]V elooywy~ ljJTlqgtIOKWV elKoshyvwv oe poundvo OUaTTlll0 nAT]poqgtoPIWV K08we eniOT]e Kat 01 OVaYKee oe llV~l1Tl an08~KeUOT]e

ita 11poundye80e pixel lllKpOtepo TWV 1011m 01 onOlT~oele TOOO oe )lOKPlTlK~ IKOVOtT]TO scanner 000 KOlllV~l1Tl on08~KeUOTle oU~aVOVTOl unpoundPlleTpO ita 11poundye80e pixel l1lKpoTepo TWV 1011m OnOITelTOl )IOKPlTlK~ IKOshyVOTTlTO TOUAaXlaTOV 1000 dpi evw OTTl )IOKpITOTTlTO TWV 20llm Ylo TTlV on08~KeUoTl 1110e oepoqgtwToyposhyqgtioe onOlTouvTOl 130Mb To eu poe TWV 25-5011m 0shynatTel OXeTlKa onAo e~onAloll0 5TlAO)~ )IOKPlTlK~ l shyKOVOTTlTO ljJTlqgtlonoiTloTle 300-1200dpi KOl On08TlKeUshynK~ llVrlllTl 20-1 OOMb (~A eniOT]e Light 1993 Patias 1993 Skalet et aI 1992)

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30

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to

05

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bull oZ

1)

Pixel size (JIm)

I I

30

-~ 25

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15

10

05

0 0 100

E-

rXr1J10 5 rXto17 J1eyteouc pixel ltJTJeptaKr1C etKCWoc Kal aKpi3 elOC urroJoywJ10u ouvrerayptshyvwv eoacpouc (OptlovTloypoep lKa 0XY Kat utjJOJ1erp lKa ozJ Yla eVOeIKTlKr1 KAiJ10 KO epwshyroypaepiac 120000

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bull 20 40 60 80 100

pi xel size ( m) or orilioal photo

rXr1J1a 6 rXtoTJ J1eyteouC pixel tfJ17 CPIOKr1C elKovac Kat ptyw rou eTTlrperroJ1evou ouvreJeOTr1 peyteuvoTJC YQ rrapaywYr1 op8ocpwroypaepioc

119 TEXVIKO XPOVlKO

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KOla TllV napaywyi] Tile 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae 11 KAillashyKa Tile aPXIKi]e EIKovae IlEYES UVpoundTOl_ EivOl npOltjlaVEe OTI 0 OuvTEAEmi]e aUTOe I1EYESUVOlle 5EV IlnopEl va aU~I1SEl aoplma KOl EivOl [3E[3Ola ltjlUOlKO va EXEI OXEshyOll KOlIlE TI1 5IaKPlTlKi] lKaVOTllTa Tile aPXlKi]e poundIKovae

To oxi]lla 6 Ilae 5ivEI TIe OXEOe LC~ KAillaKae apXIKi]e ltjlWToypaltjliae Kat napaYOIlEVlle 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae OE OUVapTllOll [3E[3ata IlE TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Eivat npoltjlavEe OTI 0 EnlTPEnOIlEVOe OUVTEAEoTi]e IlEYEshySUVOlle yla Tllv napaywyi] OpSOltjlwToypaltjliae IlpoundyashyAWVEI 000 1l1KpaivEI TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Tile apXIKi]e ltjlWTOypaltjliae AUTO oUIl[3aivEI Toao OE I1EYOAlle 00 0 KOl OE IlIKpi]e KAillaKOe ltjlWToypaltjliEe 11 E~apTlloi] TOU 5E ana TllV KAillaKa Tile ltjlwTOypaltjliae poundiVOl ypalllllKi] na napo5ElYlla Yla IlEYESOe pixel apXIKIie ltjlWToypashyltjliae 40llm 0 IlEYlOTOe EnLTpEnOI1EVOe OUvTEApoundOTi]e IlEYESUVOlle EivOl 2x EVW ylO I1EYESoe pixel apXIKi]e ltjlwToypaltjliae 20l1m 0 IlEYIOTOe EnlTpEnOI1EVOe OUshyVTEApoundOTlie I1EYESUVOlle ElVOl 4x

nplv KAElOOUIlE aUTIi TllV avaltjlopo OTO TEXVlKa nposhy[3A1iIlOTa nou altjlopouv Til xpliOll lj11ltjllaKWV OpSOltjlWshyToypaltjllWv OTa GIS Kal EI51KoTEpa OTa ouoTlil1aTa nAllP0ltjl0PlWV Il11TPWWV ElVOl 151aiTEpa 011llaVTlKO va avaltjlEpSOUIlpound EOTW Kat aKpoSlywe ma SEIlOTa nposhy51aypaltjlWV (nLbATM 1993 USGS 1992) nou npEnEI va 51EnOUV TOOO Tllv napaywYIi 000 Kat H1V anoSi]shyKpounduoll aAt-a KOlIlEAt-oVTlKIi xpliOll TWV napayollEvwV 0pSOltjlWToypaltjlHDV_ Av 11 EllnElpia Tile EAt-Elljl1e nposhy5laypaltjlWv OHIV EnA IiTOV 05uvllPi] 11 poundAAElljll nposhy5laypaltjlWV KOTa TllV KOTaPTlOll TWV 1lf1TPWWV Kal 151shyaiTEpa IlE Til XPrlOllljllltjllaKWV ElKOVWV Sa EivOl KOlashympOltjlIKi]

01 np05IaypaltjlEe AOtnOV nou altjlOpOUv TIe OpSOltjlWshyTOypaltjliEe Sa nppoundnpound1 va TunonOlOUV ilIa OElpa ana SE-

IlOTa onwe

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5 Iu~mp6o~aTO

H mavamaOll Tile ljllltjllaKi]c ltjlWToypaIlIlETpiae EKTOe ana TO aAAa EltjlEPE Kat 010 ltjlWC VpoundOUe TunOUe npo(oshyVTWV onwe aUTO Tile 4JllltjllaKi]e 0pSOltjlwToypaltjliae To npo(ov ElVOl 151aiTEpo Ev51altjlEpOV TOOO E~OlTiae Tile nAi]pwe aUToIlOTOnOlllllEVlle napaywyi]e TOU 000 Kat 510Tl npOOltjlpoundppoundTat we oo[3apo UnOKaTamaTO TOU XapTll OE nEptnTWOEle onou AOYOI OIKOVOlllKoi aMa KOl TOXUH1TOe EVllllpoundpWOlle naAlWV uno[3aSpwv TO ashynatTOUV

H lj11ltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlwToypaltjlia napEXEl 0IlWe KOl Til 5UVOTOTllTO EllnAOUTlOIlOU EVOe GIS IlE TllV nAil poshyltjlopia 1l1ae ltjlwTOypaltjliae nou OUV05EUETOI ano Tllv ashyKpi[3Ela EVOe XapTll KaTl nou I1poundXPI Twpa llaAt-OV 110shyvo aKa511lla(Ko Ev51altjlEpOV npoKaAouoE Kupiwe Eshy~atTiae Tile EAt-Elljlle Tile anapaiTllTlle TEXvoAoyiae_

H OUIl[30Ai] Tile ljllltjllaKi]e ltjlWToypalll1poundTpiae Katl5laishyTEpa npO(OVTWV Tile onwe llljllltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlWToypashyltjlia 0111 OUVTO~ll TWV Il11TPWWV Sa poundiVOl 0llllaVTlKi] EivOl 0IlWe YEyovoe OTI KaSWe ilIa TpoundTola TEXvoAoyia Eivatl51ainpa vEapi] anOlTEiTOl 01 xpi]01Ee Tile va EishyVOl EVllI1EPWIlEVOl we npoc TIe 5uvaTOTllTEe TOUe nEshyPlOPIOIlOUC Kat Tile TEXVlKpoundC EVaAt-aKTlKEe AUOElC nou I1noPOUV va a KoAouS1l80uv Onwe EniOlle Kat 01 ushynllPEoiEe nou 51aXElpi~oVTOl TETOlOU IlEYESOUe poundpya

120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

npoelipoe (LTOlnouAoyAOU) ruvEXi~oUlE Ile TTlv EshynOlEVll poundlmiYI1Of] TUlV KK r ewpyonouAou Kol3l3olia Kat Bo~iKI1

Page 6: library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi . npo£5p£io: n. nQTla~, E. I TQllnOUAOyAOU. npO&apOC; (naTtae;): ruvexi~OUlle

117 2T] poundKTOKHI poundK500T] 95 TexvlKa XpovlKa

bull OPI

c MBytcs

an 19XJ

1ffl

17tXJ 1m

100 1pound()

12)- 1nJ Q Q 1m

100 1100 ~

8)r r (I 9D u

ff) U)

4)

5X) 1)

n) 0 fD 1) 1m

Scanner pixel size (J1m)

Q

Q c a

Q cc

--~~ ashy()l ()l

ijshy~~ -~a shya 0 ~ ~oc e ~Q

z~ OIl CIa 100 Q-

2X~J1a 4 2xtaT] J1cyteouc pixeIIJT]cplaK~C cIKovac CLQKPITlK~C IKavOTT]rac aapwT17 Kal ashynaIT~aclC anOe~KcuaT]C ava clKova (8bitpixe)

80Ulle oe opKpoundTa ana aUTO 8ewpWVTOe naVTOTe on Tl ljJTlqgtlOK~ elKOVO nppoundnel va OnOTeAel poundVO l1poundpOe TOU OUOT~110TOe nATlPoqgtOPlWV llT]TPWWV

To npwTo epWTTlll0 nou Ti8poundTat eivat TO el50e TWV elshyKOVWV nou nppoundnel va eloox80uv oe poundVO TpoundtOlO oushyaTTlll0 Eivol npoqgtovpounde on TO ellnAeKOllevo KOaTOe aHa Kat 0 xpovoe uAonoiTlOT]e 5loqgtoponoll iTat nashypa nOAu ov Ol elKovee OUTpounde elVat 01 apXIKpounde oeposhyqgtwToypaqgtiee onM OVTlYllpoundvee elKovee ~ Op80qgtWTOshyypoqgtiee eUlli~oulle on 01 llev npwTee unoqgtpoundpouv 0shyno oqgtaAlloTo e~atTioe TTle KAiOT]e aHa Kat TOU OvashyYAUqgtOU TOU e5aqgtoue 01 )eUTepee ana OqgtaAllOTO 110shyvo e~atTioe TOU OVOYAUqgtOU evw one TeApoundUToiee OAO OUTa TO OqgtaAll0TO poundXOUV onoAelqgt8ei

Ano poundvov npoxelpo unoAoYloll0 Kat 8ewpWVTOe llIKppounde VO)lpIKpounde ywviee TWV oepoqgtwToypOqgtlWV (v lt 3deg) ytO OT]l1elO aTO OKpO ~ aTO lleoo TIle eIKOVOe Kat YlO 5uo oKpoiee KAill0Kee poundXOUlle TO e~~e onoTeApoundol1oTO

no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmax= 150mm

tJr= 775 em = 3875m VLQ KAill0KO qgtwTOVPoqgtioc 15000

tJr= 775 em = 387 5m VIO Khill0KO PwToVPoqgtioc 1 50 000

no v = 3deg c= 152mm rmbullbull = 103mm

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO qgtwTOvpoqgtioc 1 5000

tJr= 365 em = 1825m VLQ Khill0KO PwTovpoqgtioc 1 50000

Eivol npoqgtOvpounde Aomov on TOUAaXlaTOV OVT]YllEVee elKovee npEnel va XPTlOlll0noITl80UV Ko8we TO OqgtaAshy

l1OTO e~atTioe TT]e KAiOT]e )ev eivat K080AOU 011eATlshyTea nOAU )e nepIoooTepo on OU~aVOVTat yewlleTplshyKa OTOUe unOAOYIOll0Ue TWV ell~05wv TWV KOAAlepshyyelwv

AHa Kat TO OqgtaAllOTO e~atTioe TOU ovoyACJqgtou )ev elVat 011eATlTpound0 onwe qgtOiVpoundTOl ana TO noponaVW 510shy

ypollll0 ( OX~110 2)

KOTa OUVEnelO Tl 110v051K~ eVOAAOKTlK~ AUOT] eivat Tl XP~OT] Op80cpWTOypOqgtlwv 11pound00 oe eva GIS Ylo 510shyxeiploTl TWV llTlTPWWV 0 TponOe nopoywy~e op80shyqgtWTOypOqgtIWV oe nepI~6Hov ljJTlqgtIOK~e qgtwTOypOllshylleTpioe qgtoiveTOI aTO OX~110 3

Evo aHo epWTTlll0 elVOl 01 onOlT~oele oe oKpi~elo aHa KOI e~OnAI01l0 Yla TT]V elooywy~ ljJTlqgtIOKWV elKoshyvwv oe poundvo OUaTTlll0 nAT]poqgtoPIWV K08we eniOT]e Kat 01 OVaYKee oe llV~l1Tl an08~KeUOT]e

ita 11poundye80e pixel lllKpOtepo TWV 1011m 01 onOlT~oele TOOO oe )lOKPlTlK~ IKOVOtT]TO scanner 000 KOlllV~l1Tl on08~KeUOTle oU~aVOVTOl unpoundPlleTpO ita 11poundye80e pixel l1lKpoTepo TWV 1011m OnOITelTOl )IOKPlTlK~ IKOshyVOTTlTO TOUAaXlaTOV 1000 dpi evw OTTl )IOKpITOTTlTO TWV 20llm Ylo TTlV on08~KeUoTl 1110e oepoqgtwToyposhyqgtioe onOlTouvTOl 130Mb To eu poe TWV 25-5011m 0shynatTel OXeTlKa onAo e~onAloll0 5TlAO)~ )IOKPlTlK~ l shyKOVOTTlTO ljJTlqgtlonoiTloTle 300-1200dpi KOl On08TlKeUshynK~ llVrlllTl 20-1 OOMb (~A eniOT]e Light 1993 Patias 1993 Skalet et aI 1992)

118 TeXVl 6 XPOVIKcl

30

25

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V20

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to

05

00 p 1) II

I

V 0 oXY

bull oZ

1)

Pixel size (JIm)

I I

30

-~ 25

-20

15

10

05

0 0 100

E-

rXr1J10 5 rXto17 J1eyteouc pixel ltJTJeptaKr1C etKCWoc Kal aKpi3 elOC urroJoywJ10u ouvrerayptshyvwv eoacpouc (OptlovTloypoep lKa 0XY Kat utjJOJ1erp lKa ozJ Yla eVOeIKTlKr1 KAiJ10 KO epwshyroypaepiac 120000

20

18

16

14

12

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8

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6 ~~ ~ ~ ~

4 ~

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bull 20 40 60 80 100

pi xel size ( m) or orilioal photo

rXr1J1a 6 rXtoTJ J1eyteouC pixel tfJ17 CPIOKr1C elKovac Kat ptyw rou eTTlrperroJ1evou ouvreJeOTr1 peyteuvoTJC YQ rrapaywYr1 op8ocpwroypaepioc

119 TEXVIKO XPOVlKO

re OIlEOll OXEOll IlE Til 5laKplTlKi] lKaVOTllTa Tile ElKOshyvae ElVOl Kalil 5uvOToTllTa va IlETPllSOUV 01 OUVTEshyTOYIlEVEe TWV OllIlElWV Tile 11pound KanOla aKpl[3Ela _ KOl ElshyVOl [3E [3Ola aUTOvollTO OTl aUTO poundnl5pa allEOa mllv ashyKpi[3Ela npo0510PlOilOU TWV EniYElwv ouvTpoundTaYIlEVWV TWV 011IlElWV aUH0v _

napaTllPwvTae TO 51aypallila TOU oxi]llaTOe 5 IlnoshyPOUIlE va [3yaAoullE Ta E~i]e oUl1npoundpOOI1OTa H aKpishy[3Ela npo0510PIOilOU TWV ltjlWToypaqgtIKwv ouvTETaYIlEshyvwv EVOe OllllEiou KaSWe KOl Tile nopoAAa~lle ElVOl Tile T()~I1e TWV 211m Yla IltYESOe pixel 10l1m KOl Tlle TO~I1e TWV 611m Yla IlEYESOe pixel 40llm 01 aKpi[3ElEe unoAoYlollOU TWV ouvTETaYIlEVWV E50ltjloue E~apTwshyVTal ana Tllv KAillaKa an0500lle Ev5ElKTlKa Yla KA1shyllaKa aEp0ltjlWToypaltjliae 1 20_000 11 OPI~OVTloypaltjlIKi] aKpi[3Ela Eival KaAuTEPll TWV 10cm Yla IlEYESOe pixel 1l1KpOTEPO TWV 501lm H Ulj0IlETPIKi] aKpi[3Ela EivOl Tile Ta~lle TWV 180cm Yla IlEYESOe pixel 40llm Kal Tile Tashy~11e TWV 90cm Yla IlEYESOe pixel 20llm KOla OUVEnEla 510KPlTlKi] IKaVOTllTO Tile Ta~l1e TWV 10llm i] 1l1KPOTEshyPll npEnEI va XPllOlll0nOlElTOl Yla apoundpOTpIYWVIOIlO Eshyvw IlEYESll pixel Tile Ta~l1e TWV 30-40llm ElVOl aPKETa Yla ltjlWToypallllpoundTPlKi] an050011 5111l10upyia lj11ltjllashyKOU 1l0VTEAOU E5altjloue Kal napaywyi] 0pSOltjlWTOshyypaltjliae (f3A- EniOlle Thorpe 1991 Kure et aI 1992 Ninghua 1992)_

KOla TllV napaywyi] Tile 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae 11 KAillashyKa Tile aPXIKi]e EIKovae IlEYES UVpoundTOl_ EivOl npOltjlaVEe OTI 0 OuvTEAEmi]e aUTOe I1EYESUVOlle 5EV IlnopEl va aU~I1SEl aoplma KOl EivOl [3E[3Ola ltjlUOlKO va EXEI OXEshyOll KOlIlE TI1 5IaKPlTlKi] lKaVOTllTa Tile aPXlKi]e poundIKovae

To oxi]lla 6 Ilae 5ivEI TIe OXEOe LC~ KAillaKae apXIKi]e ltjlWToypaltjliae Kat napaYOIlEVlle 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae OE OUVapTllOll [3E[3ata IlE TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Eivat npoltjlavEe OTI 0 EnlTPEnOIlEVOe OUVTEAEoTi]e IlEYEshySUVOlle yla Tllv napaywyi] OpSOltjlwToypaltjliae IlpoundyashyAWVEI 000 1l1KpaivEI TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Tile apXIKi]e ltjlWTOypaltjliae AUTO oUIl[3aivEI Toao OE I1EYOAlle 00 0 KOl OE IlIKpi]e KAillaKOe ltjlWToypaltjliEe 11 E~apTlloi] TOU 5E ana TllV KAillaKa Tile ltjlwTOypaltjliae poundiVOl ypalllllKi] na napo5ElYlla Yla IlEYESOe pixel apXIKIie ltjlWToypashyltjliae 40llm 0 IlEYlOTOe EnLTpEnOI1EVOe OUvTEApoundOTi]e IlEYESUVOlle EivOl 2x EVW ylO I1EYESoe pixel apXIKi]e ltjlwToypaltjliae 20l1m 0 IlEYIOTOe EnlTpEnOI1EVOe OUshyVTEApoundOTlie I1EYESUVOlle ElVOl 4x

nplv KAElOOUIlE aUTIi TllV avaltjlopo OTO TEXVlKa nposhy[3A1iIlOTa nou altjlopouv Til xpliOll lj11ltjllaKWV OpSOltjlWshyToypaltjllWv OTa GIS Kal EI51KoTEpa OTa ouoTlil1aTa nAllP0ltjl0PlWV Il11TPWWV ElVOl 151aiTEpa 011llaVTlKO va avaltjlEpSOUIlpound EOTW Kat aKpoSlywe ma SEIlOTa nposhy51aypaltjlWV (nLbATM 1993 USGS 1992) nou npEnEI va 51EnOUV TOOO Tllv napaywYIi 000 Kat H1V anoSi]shyKpounduoll aAt-a KOlIlEAt-oVTlKIi xpliOll TWV napayollEvwV 0pSOltjlWToypaltjlHDV_ Av 11 EllnElpia Tile EAt-Elljl1e nposhy5laypaltjlWv OHIV EnA IiTOV 05uvllPi] 11 poundAAElljll nposhy5laypaltjlWV KOTa TllV KOTaPTlOll TWV 1lf1TPWWV Kal 151shyaiTEpa IlE Til XPrlOllljllltjllaKWV ElKOVWV Sa EivOl KOlashympOltjlIKi]

01 np05IaypaltjlEe AOtnOV nou altjlOpOUv TIe OpSOltjlWshyTOypaltjliEe Sa nppoundnpound1 va TunonOlOUV ilIa OElpa ana SE-

IlOTa onwe

- OplOIlOC opWV ljllltjllaKi]e 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae

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5 Iu~mp6o~aTO

H mavamaOll Tile ljllltjllaKi]c ltjlWToypaIlIlETpiae EKTOe ana TO aAAa EltjlEPE Kat 010 ltjlWC VpoundOUe TunOUe npo(oshyVTWV onwe aUTO Tile 4JllltjllaKi]e 0pSOltjlwToypaltjliae To npo(ov ElVOl 151aiTEpo Ev51altjlEpOV TOOO E~OlTiae Tile nAi]pwe aUToIlOTOnOlllllEVlle napaywyi]e TOU 000 Kat 510Tl npOOltjlpoundppoundTat we oo[3apo UnOKaTamaTO TOU XapTll OE nEptnTWOEle onou AOYOI OIKOVOlllKoi aMa KOl TOXUH1TOe EVllllpoundpWOlle naAlWV uno[3aSpwv TO ashynatTOUV

H lj11ltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlwToypaltjlia napEXEl 0IlWe KOl Til 5UVOTOTllTO EllnAOUTlOIlOU EVOe GIS IlE TllV nAil poshyltjlopia 1l1ae ltjlwTOypaltjliae nou OUV05EUETOI ano Tllv ashyKpi[3Ela EVOe XapTll KaTl nou I1poundXPI Twpa llaAt-OV 110shyvo aKa511lla(Ko Ev51altjlEpOV npoKaAouoE Kupiwe Eshy~atTiae Tile EAt-Elljlle Tile anapaiTllTlle TEXvoAoyiae_

H OUIl[30Ai] Tile ljllltjllaKi]e ltjlWToypalll1poundTpiae Katl5laishyTEpa npO(OVTWV Tile onwe llljllltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlWToypashyltjlia 0111 OUVTO~ll TWV Il11TPWWV Sa poundiVOl 0llllaVTlKi] EivOl 0IlWe YEyovoe OTI KaSWe ilIa TpoundTola TEXvoAoyia Eivatl51ainpa vEapi] anOlTEiTOl 01 xpi]01Ee Tile va EishyVOl EVllI1EPWIlEVOl we npoc TIe 5uvaTOTllTEe TOUe nEshyPlOPIOIlOUC Kat Tile TEXVlKpoundC EVaAt-aKTlKEe AUOElC nou I1noPOUV va a KoAouS1l80uv Onwe EniOlle Kat 01 ushynllPEoiEe nou 51aXElpi~oVTOl TETOlOU IlEYESOUe poundpya

120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

npoelipoe (LTOlnouAoyAOU) ruvEXi~oUlE Ile TTlv EshynOlEVll poundlmiYI1Of] TUlV KK r ewpyonouAou Kol3l3olia Kat Bo~iKI1

Page 7: library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi . npo£5p£io: n. nQTla~, E. I TQllnOUAOyAOU. npO&apOC; (naTtae;): ruvexi~OUlle

118 TeXVl 6 XPOVIKcl

30

25

L

V20

L~i ~ 15

to

05

00 p 1) II

I

V 0 oXY

bull oZ

1)

Pixel size (JIm)

I I

30

-~ 25

-20

15

10

05

0 0 100

E-

rXr1J10 5 rXto17 J1eyteouc pixel ltJTJeptaKr1C etKCWoc Kal aKpi3 elOC urroJoywJ10u ouvrerayptshyvwv eoacpouc (OptlovTloypoep lKa 0XY Kat utjJOJ1erp lKa ozJ Yla eVOeIKTlKr1 KAiJ10 KO epwshyroypaepiac 120000

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

1

~ ~~ ~~

I

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6 ~~ ~ ~ ~

4 ~

2 ~ ~~~~

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bull 20 40 60 80 100

pi xel size ( m) or orilioal photo

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119 TEXVIKO XPOVlKO

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KOla TllV napaywyi] Tile 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae 11 KAillashyKa Tile aPXIKi]e EIKovae IlEYES UVpoundTOl_ EivOl npOltjlaVEe OTI 0 OuvTEAEmi]e aUTOe I1EYESUVOlle 5EV IlnopEl va aU~I1SEl aoplma KOl EivOl [3E[3Ola ltjlUOlKO va EXEI OXEshyOll KOlIlE TI1 5IaKPlTlKi] lKaVOTllTa Tile aPXlKi]e poundIKovae

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5 Iu~mp6o~aTO

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120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

npoelipoe (LTOlnouAoyAOU) ruvEXi~oUlE Ile TTlv EshynOlEVll poundlmiYI1Of] TUlV KK r ewpyonouAou Kol3l3olia Kat Bo~iKI1

Page 8: library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi . npo£5p£io: n. nQTla~, E. I TQllnOUAOyAOU. npO&apOC; (naTtae;): ruvexi~OUlle

119 TEXVIKO XPOVlKO

re OIlEOll OXEOll IlE Til 5laKplTlKi] lKaVOTllTa Tile ElKOshyvae ElVOl Kalil 5uvOToTllTa va IlETPllSOUV 01 OUVTEshyTOYIlEVEe TWV OllIlElWV Tile 11pound KanOla aKpl[3Ela _ KOl ElshyVOl [3E [3Ola aUTOvollTO OTl aUTO poundnl5pa allEOa mllv ashyKpi[3Ela npo0510PlOilOU TWV EniYElwv ouvTpoundTaYIlEVWV TWV 011IlElWV aUH0v _

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To oxi]lla 6 Ilae 5ivEI TIe OXEOe LC~ KAillaKae apXIKi]e ltjlWToypaltjliae Kat napaYOIlEVlle 0pSOltjlWToypaltjliae OE OUVapTllOll [3E[3ata IlE TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Eivat npoltjlavEe OTI 0 EnlTPEnOIlEVOe OUVTEAEoTi]e IlEYEshySUVOlle yla Tllv napaywyi] OpSOltjlwToypaltjliae IlpoundyashyAWVEI 000 1l1KpaivEI TO IlEYESOe TOU pixel Tile apXIKi]e ltjlWTOypaltjliae AUTO oUIl[3aivEI Toao OE I1EYOAlle 00 0 KOl OE IlIKpi]e KAillaKOe ltjlWToypaltjliEe 11 E~apTlloi] TOU 5E ana TllV KAillaKa Tile ltjlwTOypaltjliae poundiVOl ypalllllKi] na napo5ElYlla Yla IlEYESOe pixel apXIKIie ltjlWToypashyltjliae 40llm 0 IlEYlOTOe EnLTpEnOI1EVOe OUvTEApoundOTi]e IlEYESUVOlle EivOl 2x EVW ylO I1EYESoe pixel apXIKi]e ltjlwToypaltjliae 20l1m 0 IlEYIOTOe EnlTpEnOI1EVOe OUshyVTEApoundOTlie I1EYESUVOlle ElVOl 4x

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01 np05IaypaltjlEe AOtnOV nou altjlOpOUv TIe OpSOltjlWshyTOypaltjliEe Sa nppoundnpound1 va TunonOlOUV ilIa OElpa ana SE-

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- np05Iaypaltjlpounde aKpI[3ElWV OTle EniYEIEe OUVTETOYshyIlpoundVEe 01 onoiEe E~OYOVTat ana TllV 0pSOltjlWToypashyltjlia_

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- KaSopIOIlOC Kat nAi]Plle nEplypaltjli] TOU format anoshySi]KEUOlle Kat aVTOAAayi]e TWV ljllltjllaKWV EIKOVWV EshyTOl wmE va ElVOl npoo[3aOlIlEC ano OAOUe aAt-a KOl Kupiwe va Eivat XPllOlllonOli]OlIlEe ano IlEAAOVTlKa unoAoYlOTlKO oumi]llaTa

- KaSoplOIlOe TOU Tponou EAEYXOU Tile nOlOTllTae TOU TEAIKOU npo(OVTOC KaSWe Kat Tile au 11 [3OTOTllTae TOU IlE TIe np05IaypaltjlEe (apISIlOe KOl SEOll OllIlEishywv EAEYXOU TponOe EAEYXOU Tile paoIOIlETplKi]e nOlshyOTllTOe Kal Til e YEWIlpoundTPlKi]c aKpi[3Elae TponOe EshynE~Epyaoiae TWV OEOOIlEVWV OTOTIOTlKOi poundAEYXOl KAn)

5 Iu~mp6o~aTO

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H lj11ltjllaKi] 0pSOltjlwToypaltjlia napEXEl 0IlWe KOl Til 5UVOTOTllTO EllnAOUTlOIlOU EVOe GIS IlE TllV nAil poshyltjlopia 1l1ae ltjlwTOypaltjliae nou OUV05EUETOI ano Tllv ashyKpi[3Ela EVOe XapTll KaTl nou I1poundXPI Twpa llaAt-OV 110shyvo aKa511lla(Ko Ev51altjlEpOV npoKaAouoE Kupiwe Eshy~atTiae Tile EAt-Elljlle Tile anapaiTllTlle TEXvoAoyiae_

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nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

npoelipoe (LTOlnouAoyAOU) ruvEXi~oUlE Ile TTlv EshynOlEVll poundlmiYI1Of] TUlV KK r ewpyonouAou Kol3l3olia Kat Bo~iKI1

Page 9: library.tee.grlibrary.tee.gr/digital/techr/1995/techr_1995_2_ekt_112.pdf · napaOK&U~ 11.2.94,npwi . npo£5p£io: n. nQTla~, E. I TQllnOUAOyAOU. npO&apOC; (naTtae;): ruvexi~OUlle

120 TeXVlKcl XpOVlKa 211 eKTaKTl1 tKlioOf] 95

nperlel va eivQl eVI1IlEpUl IlEVec wme TO napayollEvo npo(ov OXlll6vo va eival TT)C npo~laypaltp6 IlEVl1 C nOlshyoTTlTac aHa va eivOL Kal eVTa~IIl0 mo ouyxpovo au shycmillaTa nAl1 p0ltpoPlWV KOl lleAAOVTlKa XPl1OlIl0nOnshyO[llo EuxaplOTw

6 BlpAloypacpia

Bahr H-P and Jw Wiesel (1991) Cost-Beneflt analysis of Digita l Orthophoto Tech nology in laquoDig ital Photogrammetri c Systemsraquo Eb ne rFritschHe lpke (eds ) Wichmann pp 59-73

Baltsavi as E (1993) Integration of ortho-Images In GIS Proceed ngs of the 45th Photogrammetri c Week Stuttgart

Eh lers M (1991) Dlgltlzatlon digit al editing and storage of photogrammetrlc Images Proceed ings of the 43rd Photogrammetrlc Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 187-193

Gerhard A (1991) Digital Orthoprolection scanning handling and processing of aerial images in Digital Phot ogram metr ic Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (eds ) Wichmann pp 177-187

Georgou la 0 J Paraschakis an d P Patias (1991) Extraction of 3-D metric Info rmation from satellite Imagery Eratoshenes 27 pp 41-60

Hord RM (1986) Remote Sensing Methods and Applications J Wiley Series

Kennie TJM an d G Petrie (1990) Engineering Surveying Technology B lacki e USA Halsted Press

Ku re J and MM Radwan (1992) Final Report of WG IV4 Standa rds for photogrammetrlc procedures Proc ot ISPRS 27th Cong ress Washington DC Vol 29 B4 Com 4 pp 594-599

Leberl F (1991 ) The promise of Softcopy Photogramshymetry in Di gi ta l Photogrammetric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschHeipke (ads) Wichmann pp 3-14

Light DL (1993) The National Aerial Photography Program as a Geographic Information System Resource PEAS 59(1) pp 61 -65

Ninghua Chang (1992) Relationship between format and resolution of metri c c ame ra and mapping accuracy Proc of ISPAS 27th Congress Washington

DC Vol 29 B1 Com I pp 96-99

navEH JivlOC LUAAOYOC ~LnAUlIlQTO UXUlV AypOVOlUlV Tonoypaltpwv Ml1xavlKwv (1992) A lmdouPYIKO M I1shyTPWO Me80lioAoy io Xpovol)lC]ypa~ ~o npounoAoYIshyOIJOe ~eATio nL~ATM TEUXOC 107 N OE-~eK aeA 5-12

navEAMvlOC LUAAOY0C ~LnAUlllaTOuxUlv AYPOVOIlUlV TonoypoltpUlV MllxavlKwv (1 993) I xelilo npolSloyPoshycpwv A~neAoupYIKOIi MI1TPWOU ~EATio n L6ATM n ushyxoc 110 MOlOC-louvloc aEA 8-20

naTlaC n (1993) Op90cpwToypacpiee Op90cpwToxapshyTEe Kalil 8t0l1 TOUe oe eva nwypaltpIKOIUOTI1~O nJ f)shypocpopuv npaKTlKO EmOTTlovlKOU ~lllllepou LUyshyXPOVampC E~EAi~E lC OTl1V Em OTJillll KOl npOKTlKJi TOU Toshynoypaltpouraquo TEl A8JivoC 8-9 AnplAlou

Pat ias P (1993) Digita l Imagery and sensor Info rshymation Proceedings of ISPRS Commission I Wo rkshop on Digital Sensors and Systemsraquo Trento June 21 -25

Sarj akoski T and J Lammi (1991) Stereo workstations and Digital Imagery In urban GIS enviromment in laquoDigital Photog ram metric Systemsraquo EbnerFritschshyH ipke (eds) Wichmann pp 274-288

Skalet CD GYG Lee and LJ Ladner (1992) Impleshymentation of Softcopy Photogrammetry workstations at the US Geologica l Survey PERS 58(1) pp 57-63

Tho rpe J (1991) The future of digital o rthoph oshytography In GIS In the USA Proceedings o f the 43rd Photog ram metric Week Stuttgart Sept 9-14 1991 Heft 15 pp 145-153

To rl eg~rd K (1992) Sensors for photogrammetrlc mapping Review and prospects SPRS Journal for Photogrammetry and Aemote SenSing 47 pp 241-262

USGS National Mapping Division (1992) Standards for Digital Orthophotos First Release July 16 1992

npoelipoe (LTOlnouAoyAOU) ruvEXi~oUlE Ile TTlv EshynOlEVll poundlmiYI1Of] TUlV KK r ewpyonouAou Kol3l3olia Kat Bo~iKI1