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32 TeXVIKa XpOVIKa IOUA-Auy1993

TO nou ltjl90Vel lleXPl KOI 60000 enlr3ClTe~wpo OIXIlr~ Kal KaTeu9uvOTJ) Ol paOlKE~ 15laltjlOpt~ nou exouv 0shyno TO lleTPO aVOYOVTal CJTl~ 1510ltjlOpeTIKe~ OVOYKe~ Ta~I15[WV (IlrKOU~ XPOVOU1510KUIlOVOTJ~ lTl~ (rlTlOTJ~) nou KaAOUVTal VO e~UTl1lpeTiJoouv

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33 10UA~Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

01)e nou aU~1)oav 0l1llaVTlKO TO l3a91l0 ouvox~e (connectivity) TOU OUVOAlKOU OU~llaTOe IleTacpopwv Me TOV Tpono aUTO Ilnopeoe va Oleupuv9ei at0911TOll evooxwpa e~unllph1)Ol)e ana Ta aOTlKO Kat npoa~ OTlaKO IlEOa OTa9ep~e TpOXlOe Kal va llelw9ei at0911~ TO 1) XP~Ol) TOU IX nou eUVoelTat ouv~9wlt OTav E~ XOUIle Ol)llaVTlKO l3a91l0 OlaanopOe TWV IleTaKlv~oe~ wv IlEoa OTO Xwpo E~W ano AOYlKEe OUYKampVTpW~e TOUe oe lleyOAO noooOTo KaTO IlT)KOe l3aolKwv KU~ KAocpoplaKwv olaopollWv H anOOOTlKOTl)Ta Aomov TWV OUOTT)IlOTWV OTa9ep~e TpOXlOe au~~911Ke Ile Tpele KaTO 1300l) Tponoult IuvoeOl) Kat KcAoOXeola0IlEVll aVTanOKplOl) TOU npoaOTlaKou Ile TO aOTlKO 0I011POshyOPOlllKO OUOTrllla OAOKA~PWOl) TOU OUOT~llaTOlt IlEshyOWV OTa9eprie TpOXlOe Ile TPOCPOOOTlKO Aewcpopeia novw OTOUe K0IlI3IKoUe TOUe OTa91l0Ue Kal napox~ 01shyeuKoMvoewv park and ride (OTCteIleUOl)e IX Yla IleTashy13113aoll OTO Tpevo) OTOUlt KUPlOTepOUe OTa91l0ue TOU OIKTlJOU EIOIKO 1) olavollT) Tl)lt eml3aTIK~e porilt TOU npoaOTlaKou TPEVOU IlEOW ypallllwv IleTPO OTOV ashyOTIKO IOTO Illalt lleyaAoUnOA1)e Kat aVTiOTpoltpa u~pshy~e TO IlIKPO IlUOTlKO Tl)lt lleyOAlle anOOOTlKOTl)Tae TWV avaMywv OUOTll1l0TWV OTO napiOl (ouvepyaoia Kal aAA1)AOTPOCPOOOTl)Ol) rer-banlieu-metro) OTO Movaxo (ouvepyaoia S-Bahn Kal U-Bahn) OTO Aill3ouPYo (OUshyvepyaola S-Bahn Kal U-Bahn) OTO Lav ltlgtpavoloKO (ouvepyaoia BART Kal LRT) OTO ovoivo Tl) NEa YopshyK1) Kat aAAoU

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- LTO Alll3oupyo 1) ouvoUa0IlEVll AeIToupyia lleTpO Kal npoaOTlaKou nou exel neAaTeia 53 TWV TlIlep1)shyoiwv eml3aTwv oO~Ylloe OTl)v KaTaVOIl~ TOU nA1)shy9u0lloU oe lleyMo l3a91l0 KaTo Il~KOe TWV lleyoAwv KUKAocpoplaKwv OlaOpOIlWv cpatv0llevo nou oPXloe va napaTl)peiTal Kal OTO Movaxo lleTO Tl)v evap~ll AelToupyiae TWV aVTlOToixwv OIKTUWV To Alll3oupshyyo eniOl)e eivalll npwTl) nOAll Tl)e repllaviae oe Park and ride oleuKoMvoele Ile 7250 9Eoele OTQelleuOl)e lleTeml3il3aOl)e

- LTO TOKUO Kal TO ovoivo 11 lleTaKiVlloll TWV commuters KaTo 80 Kal 70 aVTiOToIxa ole~oyeshyTal ano Ta oUVOUa0IlEVa OIOl1POOPOlllKO OUOT~I-lashyTa eVW oe lleyOAO T) EOTW a~IOAOYO l3a91l0 TO 10lO oUlll3aivel OTll NEa YOPKll TO Pio lavElpo TO Lav ltlgtpavoioKO Kal apKeTEe yepllaVIKEe nOAele

- LTO Movaxo 1) anoOOTlKOTl)Ta TOU oploTa ouvouashyOIlEVOU Ile TO lleTPO S-Bahn aU~OVeTal KCtee XposhyVo evTunwOIaKa Kal aUTO oUllnapaoupel Kal Ta ushynOAoma oUOTrillaTa IleTacpopWv (Tpall IlETpO) oe Ol)lleio nou Yla napooelYlla TO noooOTO TWV lleTashyKIVOUllevwvYla tjlwVla Ile Ta llaZIK0IlEOa lleTacpopOe l-leTa~U 1971 Kal1990 aVEI311Ke ano 641 oe 76 evw 0 anoAUTOe ap191l0e TWV eml3aTwv TWV 0111l0shyoiwv IleTacpopwv IlEOa OTO iOlO olOOTlllla unepoIshynAaOlOOTT)Ke To cpatV0lleVO aUTO e~llyeITal TOOO ashyno Tl)V napoywYll KUKAocpopia 000 Kal ana TllV ashyvanpooaplloyT) TOU Il0VTEAOU TWV lleTaKlvrioewv Kal TWV nOAewv YEve~e TOUe nou oev Ilnopei napa va Ml30uv unotjlll TOUe Tl)v npaYllaTIKoTl)Ta nou olashy1l0pcpwvel1) oUYKeKpIIlEVl) 001l~ Kal AelToupyia TWV

OIKTUwvaUTWV - TEAoe Yla va KaTaoelx9ei 11 Ol)llaoia TOU Park and

ride OTT) AeIToupyia TWV napanovw OUOTT)Il0TWV ashyvacpEpOUlle nwe TO OUoTl)lla TOU BART XOple OTOV OPIOTO OXeolaOIlO TWV OTa91lwv TOU oe OXEOl) Ile TO Park and ride eiXe Illa KaTaKopuCPll avooo OTO noshyOOOTO KaTaVOllrilt TWV IleTaKIVOUIleVwv Ile aUTO oe OXEOl) Ile TOUlt oMoult Tponoult IleTacpopolt (Modal split) TWV wpwv Tl)e npwlvtilt alXlltilt OTO Lav ltlgtpaoishyOKO nou ana 25 TO 1975 Ecp9aoe TO 37 TOU oushyVOAOU TWV IleTaKIVOUIleVWV TO 1984 (oTav Yla TO OUshyVOAO TWV llalIKWV IlEOWV lleTacpopae TO aVTiOTOIXO noooOTO ecpTQoe TO 53 - TO 1975 tiTav 50) noshyvw ana TO 50 TWV eml3aTwv TOU BART eival 0011shyvol ri ouveml3aTee IX nou EXOUV Kavel xPriOl) TOU Park and ride

2 To aUaTrl~a ~poundTacpopwv TIlt npwTtuouaalt Eivat YVWOTO OTI TO OUOTlllla IleTacpopwv Illae IleyashyAOUnOA1)e cAAllAOOuOXeTIleTal oe lleyaAo l3a91l0 Ile Tl) 1l0PCPti Tl)e aOTIK~e Tl)e avamu~1)e Kal emopa nashyvw OTT) OOllri Kal Tl) AeIToupyia Tlllt LUllcpwva Ile TO 13113Aio Great cities and their traffic (JM Thomson 1977) 01 lleyOAee nOAeIe Tl)e Y1)e xwpiloVTat XOVTPIKO oe 5 KaTl)yopiee oUllcpwva Ile Ta xapaKTl)pIOTlKO TOUe

laquoApXETuno Araquo vtee alleplKaVIKee nOAele nou avopwshy911Kav Tl)V enoxri TOU aUToKlvriTOU H OAll OOIlT) TOUe elval Thola nou 01 lleTaKlvrioeIe eival KaTavellllIlEVee oe oMKAllPll TllV nOAll Kal 11 OAll ouMlltjlll Tponou olal3iwOl)e eival ouvucpaollEV1) Ile Tl)v KiVllOl) IlEOW TOU IX LTle nOAele aUTEe ev YEvel anouOloZoUV Ta 0101)shyPOOpOIlIKa oiKTua yp~yopwv llaZlKWV lleTacpopwv Kal 11 nUKVOTl)Ta lleTaKlv~oeWV eiVallllKp~ (TumKo napashyoelYlla oe AVTleAee OTO onoio u~Pxe ev TOUTOle IlEyaAo OiKTUO nou ~llAw911Ke ooo~a)

LTO aMo aKpo eival 01 eupwnaIKElt 1l1)TpOnoAele nou eixav rioll avamux9ei Ilall Ile TO 0I011P6l5p01l0 1shyOToplKa hal wOTe 11 KaTaVOIl~ TOU nA119u0lloU va oushyYKeVTpwveTal KaTa IlriKoe laquoolaopollwvraquo nou 0 o~ovae TOUe eivat IlLQ Olol1POOPOlllK~ ypallll~ 01 KaTolKol Eshyl-la9av va louv Kal va lleTaKlvoUVTat Ile TO OI01)POshyOPOI-lO Kal 11 npoolToTllTa a aUTov anonAei l3aolKo KPITtiP10 enlAoyrie KaTOIKiae Kat Tonou epyaoiae OAOl oxel5Ov louv oe anoOTaOl) nelonopiae ana Kanolo Ol-011POoPOlllKO OTa91l0 npOaOTlaKOU OlKTUOU ~ lleTpO Kat EXOUV KaTomv aUTOU eAaXIOTonolrioel TIlt lleTaKIshyv~oele TOUe Jle IX

Ol nOAele aUTEe xapaKTl)p[loVTal oav laquoapxiTuno Emiddot (TumKo napaoeIYJla ovoivo) nOAele Jle IOXUPO KEshyVTPO onwe 1) npo1)youllev1) cAM Ile JleyoAll nUKvoshyTl)Ta l5OJll1Ol)e eival aUTEe nou xapaKTl)piloVTal ano TO I3II3A[O oav apxhuno eraquo Eival Kupiwe Ol eupwshynaIKEe nOAele nou avamux911Kav yupw ano Eva Ol)shyllavTIKo IOTOPIKO KEVTPO nou navToTe napallEVel nap oAee Tle npoanCteelee anoKEvTpwOlle 0 avavTIKaToshyOTaTOe nOAoe EA~l1e ariTTl)TWV KeVTpOJlOAWV ouvol-leshyWV L aUTT)v TllV KaTllyopia avriKel TO napiol Kal 1shyOTOPlKO ano nAeupolt avamu~l1e Jle Konolelt napaAmiddot AaYEe 11 A9riva

33 10UA~Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

01)e nou aU~1)oav 0l1llaVTlKO TO l3a91l0 ouvox~e (connectivity) TOU OUVOAlKOU OU~llaTOe IleTacpopwv Me TOV Tpono aUTO Ilnopeoe va Oleupuv9ei at0911TOll evooxwpa e~unllph1)Ol)e ana Ta aOTlKO Kat npoa~ OTlaKO IlEOa OTa9ep~e TpOXlOe Kal va llelw9ei at0911~ TO 1) XP~Ol) TOU IX nou eUVoelTat ouv~9wlt OTav E~ XOUIle Ol)llaVTlKO l3a91l0 OlaanopOe TWV IleTaKlv~oe~ wv IlEoa OTO Xwpo E~W ano AOYlKEe OUYKampVTpW~e TOUe oe lleyOAO noooOTo KaTO IlT)KOe l3aolKwv KU~ KAocpoplaKwv olaopollWv H anOOOTlKOTl)Ta Aomov TWV OUOTT)IlOTWV OTa9ep~e TpOXlOe au~~911Ke Ile Tpele KaTO 1300l) Tponoult IuvoeOl) Kat KcAoOXeola0IlEVll aVTanOKplOl) TOU npoaOTlaKou Ile TO aOTlKO 0I011POshyOPOlllKO OUOTrllla OAOKA~PWOl) TOU OUOT~llaTOlt IlEshyOWV OTa9eprie TpOXlOe Ile TPOCPOOOTlKO Aewcpopeia novw OTOUe K0IlI3IKoUe TOUe OTa91l0Ue Kal napox~ 01shyeuKoMvoewv park and ride (OTCteIleUOl)e IX Yla IleTashy13113aoll OTO Tpevo) OTOUlt KUPlOTepOUe OTa91l0ue TOU OIKTlJOU EIOIKO 1) olavollT) Tl)lt eml3aTIK~e porilt TOU npoaOTlaKou TPEVOU IlEOW ypallllwv IleTPO OTOV ashyOTIKO IOTO Illalt lleyaAoUnOA1)e Kat aVTiOTpoltpa u~pshy~e TO IlIKPO IlUOTlKO Tl)lt lleyOAlle anOOOTlKOTl)Tae TWV avaMywv OUOTll1l0TWV OTO napiOl (ouvepyaoia Kal aAA1)AOTPOCPOOOTl)Ol) rer-banlieu-metro) OTO Movaxo (ouvepyaoia S-Bahn Kal U-Bahn) OTO Aill3ouPYo (OUshyvepyaola S-Bahn Kal U-Bahn) OTO Lav ltlgtpavoloKO (ouvepyaoia BART Kal LRT) OTO ovoivo Tl) NEa YopshyK1) Kat aAAoU

LuveniKoupa TWV napanovw eiVat Ta e~~e oTolxeia

- LTO Alll3oupyo 1) ouvoUa0IlEVll AeIToupyia lleTpO Kal npoaOTlaKou nou exel neAaTeia 53 TWV TlIlep1)shyoiwv eml3aTwv oO~Ylloe OTl)v KaTaVOIl~ TOU nA1)shy9u0lloU oe lleyMo l3a91l0 KaTo Il~KOe TWV lleyoAwv KUKAocpoplaKwv OlaOpOIlWv cpatv0llevo nou oPXloe va napaTl)peiTal Kal OTO Movaxo lleTO Tl)v evap~ll AelToupyiae TWV aVTlOToixwv OIKTUWV To Alll3oupshyyo eniOl)e eivalll npwTl) nOAll Tl)e repllaviae oe Park and ride oleuKoMvoele Ile 7250 9Eoele OTQelleuOl)e lleTeml3il3aOl)e

- LTO TOKUO Kal TO ovoivo 11 lleTaKiVlloll TWV commuters KaTo 80 Kal 70 aVTiOToIxa ole~oyeshyTal ano Ta oUVOUa0IlEVa OIOl1POOPOlllKO OUOT~I-lashyTa eVW oe lleyOAO T) EOTW a~IOAOYO l3a91l0 TO 10lO oUlll3aivel OTll NEa YOPKll TO Pio lavElpo TO Lav ltlgtpavoioKO Kal apKeTEe yepllaVIKEe nOAele

- LTO Movaxo 1) anoOOTlKOTl)Ta TOU oploTa ouvouashyOIlEVOU Ile TO lleTPO S-Bahn aU~OVeTal KCtee XposhyVo evTunwOIaKa Kal aUTO oUllnapaoupel Kal Ta ushynOAoma oUOTrillaTa IleTacpopWv (Tpall IlETpO) oe Ol)lleio nou Yla napooelYlla TO noooOTO TWV lleTashyKIVOUllevwvYla tjlwVla Ile Ta llaZIK0IlEOa lleTacpopOe l-leTa~U 1971 Kal1990 aVEI311Ke ano 641 oe 76 evw 0 anoAUTOe ap191l0e TWV eml3aTwv TWV 0111l0shyoiwv IleTacpopwv IlEOa OTO iOlO olOOTlllla unepoIshynAaOlOOTT)Ke To cpatV0lleVO aUTO e~llyeITal TOOO ashyno Tl)V napoywYll KUKAocpopia 000 Kal ana TllV ashyvanpooaplloyT) TOU Il0VTEAOU TWV lleTaKlvrioewv Kal TWV nOAewv YEve~e TOUe nou oev Ilnopei napa va Ml30uv unotjlll TOUe Tl)v npaYllaTIKoTl)Ta nou olashy1l0pcpwvel1) oUYKeKpIIlEVl) 001l~ Kal AelToupyia TWV

OIKTUwvaUTWV - TEAoe Yla va KaTaoelx9ei 11 Ol)llaoia TOU Park and

ride OTT) AeIToupyia TWV napanovw OUOTT)Il0TWV ashyvacpEpOUlle nwe TO OUoTl)lla TOU BART XOple OTOV OPIOTO OXeolaOIlO TWV OTa91lwv TOU oe OXEOl) Ile TO Park and ride eiXe Illa KaTaKopuCPll avooo OTO noshyOOOTO KaTaVOllrilt TWV IleTaKIVOUIleVwv Ile aUTO oe OXEOl) Ile TOUlt oMoult Tponoult IleTacpopolt (Modal split) TWV wpwv Tl)e npwlvtilt alXlltilt OTO Lav ltlgtpaoishyOKO nou ana 25 TO 1975 Ecp9aoe TO 37 TOU oushyVOAOU TWV IleTaKIVOUIleVWV TO 1984 (oTav Yla TO OUshyVOAO TWV llalIKWV IlEOWV lleTacpopae TO aVTiOTOIXO noooOTO ecpTQoe TO 53 - TO 1975 tiTav 50) noshyvw ana TO 50 TWV eml3aTwv TOU BART eival 0011shyvol ri ouveml3aTee IX nou EXOUV Kavel xPriOl) TOU Park and ride

2 To aUaTrl~a ~poundTacpopwv TIlt npwTtuouaalt Eivat YVWOTO OTI TO OUOTlllla IleTacpopwv Illae IleyashyAOUnOA1)e cAAllAOOuOXeTIleTal oe lleyaAo l3a91l0 Ile Tl) 1l0PCPti Tl)e aOTIK~e Tl)e avamu~1)e Kal emopa nashyvw OTT) OOllri Kal Tl) AeIToupyia Tlllt LUllcpwva Ile TO 13113Aio Great cities and their traffic (JM Thomson 1977) 01 lleyOAee nOAeIe Tl)e Y1)e xwpiloVTat XOVTPIKO oe 5 KaTl)yopiee oUllcpwva Ile Ta xapaKTl)pIOTlKO TOUe

laquoApXETuno Araquo vtee alleplKaVIKee nOAele nou avopwshy911Kav Tl)V enoxri TOU aUToKlvriTOU H OAll OOIlT) TOUe elval Thola nou 01 lleTaKlvrioeIe eival KaTavellllIlEVee oe oMKAllPll TllV nOAll Kal 11 OAll ouMlltjlll Tponou olal3iwOl)e eival ouvucpaollEV1) Ile Tl)v KiVllOl) IlEOW TOU IX LTle nOAele aUTEe ev YEvel anouOloZoUV Ta 0101)shyPOOpOIlIKa oiKTua yp~yopwv llaZlKWV lleTacpopwv Kal 11 nUKVOTl)Ta lleTaKlv~oeWV eiVallllKp~ (TumKo napashyoelYlla oe AVTleAee OTO onoio u~Pxe ev TOUTOle IlEyaAo OiKTUO nou ~llAw911Ke ooo~a)

LTO aMo aKpo eival 01 eupwnaIKElt 1l1)TpOnoAele nou eixav rioll avamux9ei Ilall Ile TO 0I011P6l5p01l0 1shyOToplKa hal wOTe 11 KaTaVOIl~ TOU nA119u0lloU va oushyYKeVTpwveTal KaTa IlriKoe laquoolaopollwvraquo nou 0 o~ovae TOUe eivat IlLQ Olol1POOPOlllK~ ypallll~ 01 KaTolKol Eshyl-la9av va louv Kal va lleTaKlvoUVTat Ile TO OI01)POshyOPOI-lO Kal 11 npoolToTllTa a aUTov anonAei l3aolKo KPITtiP10 enlAoyrie KaTOIKiae Kat Tonou epyaoiae OAOl oxel5Ov louv oe anoOTaOl) nelonopiae ana Kanolo Ol-011POoPOlllKO OTa91l0 npOaOTlaKOU OlKTUOU ~ lleTpO Kat EXOUV KaTomv aUTOU eAaXIOTonolrioel TIlt lleTaKIshyv~oele TOUe Jle IX

Ol nOAele aUTEe xapaKTl)p[loVTal oav laquoapxiTuno Emiddot (TumKo napaoeIYJla ovoivo) nOAele Jle IOXUPO KEshyVTPO onwe 1) npo1)youllev1) cAM Ile JleyoAll nUKvoshyTl)Ta l5OJll1Ol)e eival aUTEe nou xapaKTl)piloVTal ano TO I3II3A[O oav apxhuno eraquo Eival Kupiwe Ol eupwshynaIKEe nOAele nou avamux911Kav yupw ano Eva Ol)shyllavTIKo IOTOPIKO KEVTPO nou navToTe napallEVel nap oAee Tle npoanCteelee anoKEvTpwOlle 0 avavTIKaToshyOTaTOe nOAoe EA~l1e ariTTl)TWV KeVTpOJlOAWV ouvol-leshyWV L aUTT)v TllV KaTllyopia avriKel TO napiol Kal 1shyOTOPlKO ano nAeupolt avamu~l1e Jle Konolelt napaAmiddot AaYEe 11 A9riva

34 TExvLKO XPOVIKO 10UA-Auy 1993

AUTOe EivOI KOl 0 AOYOe nou E~T1YEi YIOTi TO OiKTUO nov OOTIKWV OUYKOLVWVIWV TIle npWTEUOUOOe TIle Xwpoe 1J0e opyavW9TlKE KOTO ~aon aKTIVIKO yupw ana TIlV OIJOVOla KaL TO ~UVTaYlJa EivOI YEYOVOe nwe OL noshyAELe nou avnKouv Omiddot aUTO TO apxhuno (napiOl ~iOVEO AIJ~oupyo TOKuo N YOPKTl) EXOUV npolKIOTEi IJE tva nUKvo OiKTUO OOTIKOU 0I0TlPOOPOIJOU ouvouaolJtvo IJE tva oVTiOTOIXO npoaOTlaKou nou OTTlV nEpimwon TIle N YOPKTle ql9QVEt TO EKMTlKTtKO IJnKOe TWV 3630 XtAtolJhpwv ~Tte nOAEIe aUTte TO noooOTO TWV aqltshyKVOUIJEVWV OTO KtVTPO yta EPyaoio IJE IX we npoe TO OUVOAO TWV IJtowv IJETaqlOpoe EivOl noM xalJTlAO (IJOshyAte 6 OTO TOKUO Kat 7 OTTl N YOPKTl) KOTt nou OE oUIJ~aiVEt KaL IJE TIlv A9nva (27 aVTiOTOlxa) AUTO OqlEiAETat OTO em ana TTl OEKaETia TOU 50 KOl EVTEUshy9EV OTllv A9nva OUPPLKVw9TlKaV aVTi va avamux90uv OL lJa~tKte OUYKOLvwviEe IJE Ta IJEOa OTa9Epne TpOshyXtae (KaTapYTlon 127 XAIJ ypalJlJwv TpalJ Kat 0I0TlPOshyOpOIJOU Aaupiou OKapnEe npoono9ELEe Yla TO VEO IJEshyTPO 1J0VaOLKn 9ETlKn EvepYEla Tl EneKTaon TOU TlAEshyKTPIKOU ono ATTIKn lJeXPI KTlqllOlO IJnKoue 15 XAIJ nou novTwe EiXE anoqlaoloTEi KaL apxioEI va yiVETOI npOnOAEIJLKO) EVW napoAATlAa Ta TEAEuTaia xpovla 11 ovapXll elanAwon TIle nOAlle npoe OlaqlOpEe KaTeushy9UVOEle lJa~i IJE TTl olMoon TOU IX OmUOUPYTlOE OUVshy9nKEe EAKUOTIKOTTlTae Yla TO TeAeUToio Ae IJTl AllshyOIlOVOUlJe OTi KOI Ta 1J0va OUYKOLVWVlaKO Epya nou eshyYlvav lJeTanOAtlJLKO OTTlV A9nvallTaV OL tJEYOAEe AEshyWql0POI (MeOOYEiwv ~uyypOU BOUAtaYlJeVlle nooelshyOWVoe nepav TOU n 4gtaAllpOU KaAhlpoTle KAn) lJe OUshyvEntta TIlV nptlJo15oTllon TIle KUKAOqlopiae TWV aUTOshyKIVllTWV nou Ta TampAeUTaia xpovta onwe eival YVWshyOTO extt qlTOOEt OE OpalJOTLKO ampninampoa OE oxton 11amp TIlV uno~Q9lJlon TOU nEpL~ciAAovToe TIle nOAlle

1l0l0 unllp~e 11 EIKova TIlC A91lvoe ana nAEupae IJampshyTaqlOpWV TO TtAampUTaia XPOVLO ~e nOAOLOTampPTl ampIOIKll IlEAhTl nou tixe eKnOV1l9ampi OTa MaiOlO TOU 1olllKou ~XEoiou TTle A9nvae TOV 10uALo TOU 1983 ovaqleposhyVTav emypalJlJaTiKO TO amp~1le

- YopoKtqlaAIKoe POAOe Tlle A91lvae OTO amp9VLKO oushyOTlllla IJETaqlOpwv

- KaKTj XWP09ETllon Kat eOWTamppIKf) opyavwon TWV UshynamppaOTIKWV TeplJaTIKWV OTa9lJwv

- EVTOVll aU~llon TTle 1010KTIloiae IX Kal Kanwe llmoshyTampPll aU~llOll Tlle KIVllTlKOTllTOe avO VOtKOKUptO

- 0 KUPLOC OYKOe IJampTOKLVTjOEWV OqlOPO TO KeVTpo TIle A9Tjvae aAM napaTllpeiTat Kat IJta OAoeva au~avoshylJeVll Tponn TWV IJampTaKtvTjoEWV npoe Ta TomKa KeshyVTpa TOU AEKovomoou ano Tte namppIoxee ampmppore TOUe

- To noponavw naplOToVnat ytwypaqltKa ana TIlV ashyKTLVIKoTllTa TOU 015IKOU OIKTUOU Kal TOU OtKTUOU 15TlshyIJOOlWV OUYKOLVWVIWV Kat AampITOUPYIKO ana TIe au 11shyqlOproele OTIe nUAee Kat TO tOWTEPIKO TOU KeVTpou Kat TWV neplqlepetaKWV KeVTpwv

- ~Tle aKTee KOI Ta BA npOOOTla unoPXtl noM IlampyashyAll olaKullavoll TWV KUKAOqlOplaKwv qlOPTWV IlampTOshy~u napa9EplOTIKTje Kat 1111 napagepIOTIKre ntpto-

OOU

- H OUVEXne mwon TOU opl91J0u TWV tm~oTwv TWV 0TlIlOOIWV OUYKOIVWVtwV ampmqlavampiae (nou oUIJ~ooishy~ampI IJamp TTlV mwon TIle ElJnoplKne TOUe TOxuTllTae OTTlv KampVTpIKn nampploxr) Kal 11 OUVampXne aU~llon TWV ampm~aTWV TOU H~An 0amp ouv15uaolJo IJt TIlv aU~Tlon TOU IX oEixvouv OTl a) XPEIO~ETOI onOpaiTllTO Tl ashyvooloPyavwon TOU ouOTriIJOTOe OTlIJOOIWV OUYKOtshyVWVIWV OE ampVTEAWc veEe ~aoele AEITOUPyioe Kat ~) 1l0VO IJt lJeoa IJEyaATle XWPTlTIKOTllTae (OTa9amppre TPOXlae) IJnOpOUIJE va EAni~oulJamp 0amp OUOlaOTIKll ashyVOKOIlIjJTl TOU Myou KaTaVOlJne TWV IJtTaKlV1l0tWV IltTO~U OTlIJOOtWV OUYKOIVWVIWV Kat IX

- H aVtnOpKEla TWV 0TlIJOOlWV OUYKOtVWVIWV eXtl oav ouvenEta TIlV aAllaTWOTl aU~Tlon TWV lJeTaKIV1l0tWV Ilt Ta~i Kal OiKUKAa

- H namppLOpIOlleVTl Em~aTIKn xpnon TOU OLOTlPOOPOIlIshyKOU OIKTUOU npoolvEL nepav TWV xalJTlAWV AtlshyTOUPYIKWV xapaKTTlPIOTLKWV Kat TTlV eAAtLliJTl OUshyVTOVLOIJOU OTOUe TtplJaTLKoue OT091Joue IJamp TO OUshyVOAO TOU OUOTliIJOTOe IJtTaqlOpWv eo npentL tOW va EmonllovoullE OTI OTOUe Myouc aUTouc oqlEishyAtTOL Tl nOTaywOTlC onoTuxio TIlC npoona9tLoc TOU O~E npo ampTWV (1978) va EYKaTaoTliOamp1 npoaOTLashyKll OUYKOlvwvio A9nvae-EAeuoivac 11amp nampnOAatWshyIlEVOUe OUPIlOUC umpoOTLKWV OloOPOllwV xwpic 0shy~IOAOYll nUKVOTllTO Kal TaKTIKOTllTa OpolloAoyiwv 11amp avunap~ia oUVTOVtOlloU 11amp Ta oAAa unoouoTlishy1l0TO IltTOqlOPWV KOK H nEp[mwon Tlle ypallllrc XaAKiooc EiXt KaMTEPTl TUXTl Myw TWV OXampTlKa nushyKVOTampPWV OpOIlOAOyiwv TIle UljJllAllc ampllnOptKre TashyXUTIlTae Kat TTlC KonOLae a~lomOTlac OTa TIlPOUIlEshyva wpopLa ana TO Tpeva napOAa aUTel nOAU anEshyXtt ana TO va Ilnopt[ IlEXpt OTtYIlre va 9ampWP1lgei eshyvae OUYXPOVoe npOOOTtOKOe OtOllPOl5pOlloe 11amp xashypaKTllPLOTLKa oUYKpioLlla EKtivwv TWV aVTiOTOIXWV ~EVWV OIKTUWV nou IlVTlIlOVEUOUIlE 0amp OXtTIKO n[shyvaKa OTO TEAOe TIlC tloliYllonc Elval nOVTwe apshyKtTO XOPOKTIlPIOTLKO OTL aKOlla Kat OUTOe 0 01011shyPOOPOIlOe napouoiooamp KaTOKOpUqlll OVOOO TTlC Emshy~OTlKrc Kivllone IlETa TO 1978 nou nUKvw911Kav TO OPOlloMytO ana 9 at 29 ova KOTEU9uvon 0PXLKO (EK TWV onoiwv Ta 10 OTO TlllllJO A91lvo Ay ~TeqlOVOC) KaL 0TTl ouvtXampta 0amp 19 oPolloMyta ava KaTampu9uvshyon at OAOKAllPO TO IlrKOC TIlC YPOlllJllC IlampTa~U A91lshyvaC-XOAKiooe Ilt amplJnOptKr TOXUTTlTa 52 XAIllwpo Eivat Enionc ampVOampLKTtKO OTl IlampTO TO OtnAOOLaollo TWV OpOlloAoyiwv TOU 1978 TO Iltoo IlrlKOe IltTOKishyVllolle TWV tm~OTWV TIlC ypallllre entot ano TO 58 X1A1ollETpa OTa 50 (1980) KOToOtIKVuovTae OTL II nushyKVWon TWV TPEVWV ampiXt 9ampTLKr annXTlon OTO tm~oshyTlKO KOIVO TWV EvoLolleowv (Kat YVTlOLOTampPO npooshyOTlaKWV) OT091lwv To qlOtVOIlEVO aUTO oivElllla IlLshyKPrl IMa YLO TO ~a91l0 EntTUxiae nou elvaL m9avo va exouv OL ypallllee TOU O~E OTO VOIlO ATIIKrlc eov AtlToupynoouv Ile npaYllaTLKoue opoue npooOTlashyKOU 0I011POOPOIlOU Ka9we Tl entAoYrl Iltoou yta OXtshyTIKO KOVTIVEC IlETOKLvrlOtle Ellpta~tTat noM ana TIl OUXVOTllTO TWV OpollOAOyiwvlOIOiTEpo omv nposhyKelTOI YIO TIe oe Ka911IlEpIVll f300n IltTOKIVTjOtle TWV commuters npoc Kat ano TIlV amppyooio TOUC

35 1993 TeuroXVIKO XPOVlKO

3 IToxol 01 f3aolKo[ OTOXOI TOU IXeuro~LOOIlOU MeuroTaqgtopwv OTa nAaiota uAonoiTloTlC TOU PuBlltOTIKOU IXeuro~iou A9i]shyvac anooKonouv OTa euro~i]C

- MeuroiwOT) TOU U~POKeuroqgtaAtKOU xapaKTi]pa TflC ATTIKlic OTO euro9VIKO OUOTTllla IleuroTaqgtopwv

- EviOXUOT) Kat PeuroATiwOT) TWV Jltowv lla~tKlic IleuroTaqgtOshypOC Kat npOTeuropatOTflTa aUTWV Oeuro OXiOT) Il euro TO IX

- OpYOVWOT) TOU ouanillaToc IleuroTaqgtopwv WOTeuro va euroshy~unTlPeuroTeuroi TOUC euronI~IWKOIleuroVOUC nOAeuroO~OlltKOUC OTOXOUC

- Ka90pI01l0C nOAITIKi]C OTo9JleuroUOTlC nou va eurovapIlOshyVi~euroTat Il euro TO ~iKTUO JlEOWV lla~IKi]lt IleuroTaqgtopoc Kat TOUlt euro1~IKOUe nOAeuroO~OIlIKOUC OTOXOUlt

na TflV euroniTeuroU~Tl TWV napanovw analTeuroiTal Tl ouveuronlilt Kal OUVeuroxi]e uAonoiTlOT) iliac nOAITIKi]c lleuroTaqgtopwv nou va OTOXeuroUeuroI OTTl ~Tlllioupyia euroVOe eurovlaiou KalOshyAOKATJPWIlEVOU nOAuouOTi]llaToe IleuroTaqgtopwv onou 9a AeuroITOUPYouv oUVTOvlolltva Ta 5 unoouanillaTa

a O~IKO ~iKTUO

13 ATlIlOOleuroe OUYKOIVWvieuroC

y IT09IleuroUOT) aUToKlvi]TWV

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euro ITa91l0i IleuroTeuromf3if3aOT)caVTanOKpIOT)C ~TJAa~i] oushyYKolvwvlaKoi KOllf3Ol onou aAM~euro1 Kavtie IlEOO Il euro shyTaqgtopoc (nx OTa91l0c uneuropaoTiKounpoaoTlashyKouaOTIKou Tptvou Il euro i] xwpie TpOqgtO~OTIKO AeuroWshyqgtoptia Kal Park and ride)

H OTpaTflYIKi] nou aKOAOu9euroiTal Kal nou anof3Mneuro1 OTflv 100ppOnTJ avomu~Tl TWV 5 unoouOTfllloTWV nposhyf3Mneuro1 Yla TIC ~TIIlOOlee OUYKOIvwviec TflV avomU~TJ ~IKTUOU Ileowv oTaBepi]c TPOXIOC nou npoypallllaTishy~euroTal va anOTeAeoel TTl laquopaXOKOKaAIOraquo TOU ~IKTUOU ~TJIlOOIWV OUYKOlVWVIWV To ~KTUO aUTO 8ewpeuroITal laquonpWTeuovraquo Kal txel oav OTOXO va ~leKnepatWOel TO lleYOAO lleTaqgtoplKO OYKO TWV ~TlIlOOIWV OUYKOLVWshyVtWV TPOqgtO~OTOUIleuroVO Oeuro ~loqgtopa KOllf3lKO OT)lleia ashyno TO laquo~euroUTeuroPeuroUOVraquo ~[KTUO nou anapT[~euroTat ana AeuroshyWqgtopelaKte ypaIlIlElt H TpoqgtoMTTJOT) TOU npWTeuroUOshyVTOe ~lKTUOU npOpMneuroTal va yiVeuroTat Kalll euro 1leuroTeuromI3[shypaOT) ano IX OTO paSJlO nou 9a euro~aoqgtaAIOTOUV XWpOl OTo91leuroUOTle KOVTO OTle OTOOeurolC TOU H OAOKAliPWOT) TOU ouanillaTOlt neplAallf3oVeuro1 Kat TTJ ~Tlllioupy[a Il euro shyYOAWV oTaSllwv 1leuroTeuromp[f3aoTlc-avTanOKplOT)C (oushyYKolvwvlaKwv KevTpwv) nou txouv oav OTOXO va ashynOTeuroAtoouv Ta qgtiATpa euroIOO~OUeuro~O~OU Kal ~LOvolllic TWV eurompaTWV ana Ta UneuropaOTlKO Kal npoaOTlaKo Tpeshyva OTO IleuroTPO Kal Ta Aeurowqgtopeuro[a (Kal aVTiOTpoqgta) nou Il euro Tfl OeurolPO TOUe TOUe KaTavEllouv OTflv nOATJ 000 KashyMTeuropa oPyavwlltva eivat aUTO Ta OUYKOIVWVtaKO KEshyVTpa Kal 000 nUKVOTeuropa ~IKTUWIlEva eival Ta npoashyvaqgteuropSeVTa oUOTlillaTa aOTlKWV OUYKOlVWVIWV Iltoa OlOV aOTIKO 10TO TOOO neuropIOOOTeuroPO aU~OVeurotll anoshy~OTlKOTflTa TWV UneuropaOTlKWv Kal npOaOTlaKWV TPEshy

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To npWTeuroUOV oUOTfllla ~TlIlOOWV OUYKOIVWVIWV Ba ashynOTeuroAeuroOTeuroi ano

1) Tfl ypalllln neurolpato-KTlqgtIOlOC TWV HIAn nou Ii~Tl ashyvapa9Ili~euroTal Yla va anoKTijOeuro1 xapaKTflPIOTtKo Il euro shyTPO Kal va qgtTOOeurot Oeuro IleuroTaqgtoptKi] IKaVOTflTa 28000 euromf3aTwv avo wpa Kat KaTeurou9uvOT) Il euro nUKVOTflTa ~pOIlOAOyiwv avo 25 AeuromO OTO qgt0pTtOllevo KeuroshyVTPIKO Tlllilla Tfle (Taupoc-naTijota) Kat OTIe Wpeuroe KUKAOqgtoptaKlie atXIli]C

2) TIC uno KaTaOKeuroui] ypalllltc 2 Kat 3 TOU lleTpo H TeuroAIKn elKova aUTwv TWV ypallllwv 9a euroivat neuropt shymEpt-rAUqgto~a Kal nelpaIOe-AIYOAeuroW-nEVTOYWVOshyITaupoc

3) TIe ypallllEe TOU OIE laquoIlTlTponOAlTlKi]e OT)llaoiae nou KaTOAATJAa PeuroATIWlltVeuroe Kal OUJlnATlPWlleVee 9a eurovTax90uv OTO ~iKTUO Iltowv maBeuropi]e TpOXtoe 1leuro~OVOe npWTeuroUOUOTle Yla npoaOTlaKEe Kat aOTIshyKEe ouv~eoeurotC To oUOTfllla TOU npoaOllaKou Ot~TJshyPO~poIlOU Sa OUllnATJPwBEi Kat Il euro Ilta via ypallllli nou 8a KOVeuro1 xpijOT) Tfle IleuroOa[ae Awpi~ae Tfle E ITaupou-EAeuroUo[vae Kal Tfle naAtolt ypalllli]C aushypiou

4) Ttlt ypallllee KOPIlOU nou npoKumouv ano Tflv avashy~lop8pwoTJ TWV AewqgtopeuroLOKWV ypallllwv TOU OAI lleuroptKElt ana Tie onoieuroe lleAAoVTIKO Kat euroOV Tl ~i]TflshyOT) TO anatTijOeuroI Ba Ilnopouv euroV~euroXOlleVa va aVTIshyKaTaOTaBouv ano Kimoto papuTEporaquo Ileoo (Ileoo OTa8europi]c TPOXIOC npoqgtavwe) To laquonooo papuraquo 8a eival 8a euro~apTflBEi ano TTl ~i]TflOT) TOOO TTlV nposhyf3AeuronOIleuroVTl 000 Kal TflV eurom8UIlTlTT] Ola nAaiOla TOU nOAeuroO~OlltKOu IXeuro~taollou EKKPeuroIleuroi aKolla 11 Il euro shyAtTfl ~TJllloupy[ac evoe EAaqgtpou IlEOOU OlaSEpijc TPOXIOC (Tpall) KaTo IlliKOe TflC napaAlaKfte AEWqgtOshypou IlEXPt BouAlaYlleVTl nou 8a euro~UnT)PETeuro1 TIe nashypaAlaKtc IleuroTaKlvliOEte Kupla ava~uxric Kal 8a OUVshy~UO~ETat Il euro TO npoypalllla aVonAaOT)C TOU 4laATlPtshyKOU OPIlOU

H TeuroAIKIi euroIKOVa TOU npWTeuroUOVTOlt ~IKTUOU Ba euro~apshyTfl8euroi ano Ta e~ije KpITT]pla a~lonoiTJoTJ UqgtIOTOIleuroVTJe unO~Ollnlt (~laoPOIlOI OIE Kal HIAn naAIO ypallllij aup[ou KAn) nOAeuroO~OIlIKri e~eAI~Tl Kat oUIlPaToTflshyTa Il euro TOUe OlOXOUC TOU PU81llOTIKOU Ixe~iou ~ijTflshyOT) AeuroITOUPYlKOTflTa (TEXVlKO Kat OIKOVOIlIKO)

To KaT apxliv uno lleAeTfl OUOTTllla TOU npoaOTlaKOU ot~TlPO~POIlOU TTJlt A8iJvae (IXmiddot 1 OTO napOPTfllla) neuro shyPIAaIlPOVeuro1 TOUe O~OVeuroC TOU OIE

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36 loUA-Auy1993

~UTtTJPeTei TO flopeto AeKOVOTtEOIO)

2) Meviol-EAeuoivo-MEyopo-KoPIV90ltAoUTPOKt (0shy~ovolt oUTtKtlt ATTtKrllt)

3) Meviot-OtVOltpUTO-XoAKioalt9rflo (o~ovolt flopetolt ATTIKtlt)

4) Meviol-IToupolt-KopwTtI-Aepoop0jlIO ImlTwv-AoushyPIO (o~ovolt EA ITOUpOU - EAeuolvolt KOI TtOAlalt ypOjljli)lt Aoupiou Ttp0lt Meooyelo)

To Olljleio OVTOTtOKPIOlllt Ile TO OUOTT]jlO OOTIKOU 01shyOTJPOOpOjlOU (jleTpo-HIAn) TT]lt A9i)volt 90 elvol 4

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EIOlKO n YPOjljli) Mevloiou-MeooyElwv TtOU 90 flpishyOKeTOIjlEOO OTnV EA ITOUpou-EAeumvolt OXeota~eshyTOt KOT e~oxriv TtaVW OTT]V opxri TT]lt jleTemflif)aOlllt WshyOTe vo jlo~eUet Tllt emfJOTlKElt pOElt TtOU TtPOOpllOVTOl (i) TtpOepXOVTOt) yta TT]V Tteploxi) Meooyeiwv KOl TOU veou oepoopojliou ITtOTWV OTtO TOUlt KageTOUlt OUshyYKOIVWVIOKOUlt oEovelt TOU AeKovoTteolou OTO Olljleio TOjlnlt TWV OTtoiwv TtPOflAeuroTtOVTOI OT09jl0i H AOY1Kn EshyVTO~nlt OOTlKnlt ri TtPOOOTIOKtlt OIOnpOOp0jllKnlt ypOjlshyjlrilt OTn jlEOn jl10lt eAeUgepnlt AewltpOpou Elvol TtoM otOoeoOIlEVn OTllt HnA lOIOinpo OTO ItKOYO OTtOU UshyTtOPXOUV OJlOpltpelt OIOToEellt OT09jlWV KOTW OTtO OVIshyoomoelt olofJooellt K09hwv oowv OTtOU T] OTaOll TOU TP0ltpOOOTlKOU Aewltpopeiou OVTtOTOtxi~eTOI KOTOKOshypultpo KOt emKOIVWVet Ile KAijlOKelt Ile TO OT091l0 TOU IlEOOU OT0geprilt TPOXIOlt (fJA ltpWT OTO TtOpapTT]jlO)

o TtPOOOTIOKOlt OtonpOopOIlOlt OTT]V ATTIKn IlTtOpei vo yivel evo opyovo OTtOKeVTpWOlllt KOt UTtOOTnpl~nlt TWV TtepIltpepeloKwv TT]lt KevTpwv KUPIO TWV KEVTPWV XWshypOTO~tKnlt uTtOeVOTT]Tolt TtOU Ttpooolopl~el TO Pu9jl1shyOTIKO IXeuroOto MTtopEl eTtiOlllt vo ou jljlo~ElIIel TnV 0shyvopxn ovomu~n TtOU OIOjlopltpWveTOI TO TeAeUToio XPOVIO OTT]V ATTIKt jle UTtOOTnpl~n OPIOjlEVWV OlljleishyWV-KeVTpwv KOIOX1 ~WVWv OTlWlt Kovel TO jleTpO AushyTO emTuvxoveTOI oltp evolt Ilev jle TtpoflAellln OUYKeshyKp1llevnlt TtOAITIKnlt OTtO TtOAeooOIlIKte rtAeupQlt oltp eshyTipou oe jle TT]V opon XWP09ETT]Oll TWV OlonpOOposhyIlIKWV OT09jlwV OTOV TteplOOTtKO Xwpo KOt TTJV TtUshyKVWOll TWV opolloAoylwv 1l0VaXO OTIlt wpee OIXIltlt BefJolo n TtUKVOTT]TO opolloAoyiwv OUVOPTOTOIOXljlOshyVO jle TOUe XWpOTO~IKOUlt Myoult oMo KOljle TT]V eshyTtOpKelO Tpoxoiou UAIKOU Tn ~nTT]Oll KATt To yelTovIshyKO OOPUltP0PIKa KEVTPO (t9i)fJo XaAKioo AOUPlO EAeushyoivo MEYOPO KOplV90e) 90 e~opTT]90uv jlEOW TOU oushyOTrljlOTOlt OUTOU (TOU TtPOOOTIOKOU OIonpOOpOjlOu) TteshyploooTepo OTtO TT]v A9TJvo XaPIlt OTT]v OJleOoTT]TO KOshy9TJlleptvrlt TtpooflooTJlt OTO jlei~ov KivTpo (xPOVIKTJ

OlopKelO maximum TteplTtou 1 wpo) wOTe vo OUYKPOshyTTJOOUV TOV rtATJ9uOllo TOUlt KOt Vo jlTJ OtOYKweEl TteshyPlOOOTePO TJ A9rivo reVtKa OTT]v TteplmwOll OUTTJ TO oeuTepeuov KEVTPO UTtOOTT]pi~eTOI KOt oev OTtOPPOshyltpOTOI OTtO TO Ilei~ov IlEOW TOU TtPOOOTIOKOU TpEVOU ITO nopiol OAO TO OOPUltpOptKO KEVTPO OTrlPt~OV TT]V ovomu~t TOUlt OTO TOXU TtPOOOTIOKO jleTpo (RER) ov KOI n OUYKPIOll jle TO nOpiOI eo TtpETtet jloMov vo 0shyTtoltpeuyeTol 0 OUTO TO 9EjlO YloTI eKel TO RER oMnshyAoOTtoOTT]pl~eTOt oe TtapO TtOAM Olljleio jle TO OOTIKO jleTpO TO OTtolo jle TT] oelpo TOU ultpoivel ivo TtUKVOshyTOTO OXTU KaTW OTtO TT]V TtOAT] K091OTWVTOlt TIlt jleshyTOKlVnoellt jle IX oe jleyOAo floello OUjlTtATJPWjlOTlKEe KOl oeUTepeUOUooe Olljlooiolt oe OXtOll jle TO POAO TOUlt OTnV A9tvo To TtOPOTtaVW oe OUjlflovel KI OUTe TtpofJAETteTOI VO oUllflei 0 OUTO TO fJ09jlO OTT]v A9tvo EKeivo OJlwlt TtOU ouoxeTI~eTol ajleOO jle TT]V TtepishyTlTWOn TT]lt A9rvolt Elvol TJ OIOjlOpltpWOll Mo TUTtWV TtPOOOTIOKOU olonpOOpOjlOU OVaAOYO jle TnV Tteploxt e~UTlTJPETT]Olllt TT]V OTtOOTOOll KOI TIlt TtUKvOTT]Telt rtAnshy8uOllOU KOI OPOOTT]PIOTTJTWV To TOXU TtPOOOTIOKOjleshyTPO (RER) jle TtUKVa 0p0jloMYlO (ova 15 TO TtoM) eshy~UTtnpeTei Kupiwlt TO TtPOaOTlO jlEOT]lt OTtOOTOOTJlt (proche banlieu) evw olooxl~et uTtoyeto TTJV KeVTptKn TtepIOXn TT]lt TtOATJlt TtepVwvTOlt OTtO TO KEVTPO WOTe vo OUVOEel jle evtolelt OIi)Kouoelt OlOjleTpIKElt YPOjllltlt (cross-city connection) TO eKOTEpw8ev 0TJIlOVTlKO TteshyPIltpepelOKa KtvTpO To OUjlflOTIKO TtPOOOTIOKO Tpivo (trains de banlieu) TW SNCF eEuTtnpeTei Kuplwe TO jl0shyKPIVa TtPOaOTIO KOI Tllt KOVTlvtlt TtOAellt (40-100 XAjl oshyTtO TO nOpiOl) TtOU flpioKOVTOI OTn ~WVT] TtOU OVOlla~eshyTOI grand banlieu KOI KlveiTOI oe OKTIVlKamplt YPOjlIlElt TtOU KOToAnyouv OTOUlt jleyOAoult OT09jloult laquoKOTO KeshyltpoAt TOU nOplOIOU To 0P0jlOAOYIO TOUlt Elvol OPOlshyoTepo OTt 6TI TOU RER KOI TO XOpOKTT]PIOTIKa TOUlt rtAnOlO~OUVmo TtoM OTO TtOPOOOOIOKO Tpivo nOVTWlt KOI TO RER TtOU OUVOua~el XOpOKTT]PIOTIKa KOI AEIshyToupyio (oe YPOlllltlt) umpOOTtKOU (SNCF) KOt OOTIKOU (RATP) OloTJPooPOIlOU - OXt TOU lleTPO TtOVTWlt - opXishy~El KOt eTteKTeivETOI KOI oungt oe 1l0KPUVOTePO TtpOOshyOTtO Myw OU~TJlltVTJe ~tTT]Olllt TtOU IlTtopEi VO E~UTtnshypETTJgei KoMTEPO OTtO TIlt OUToKlvnTOIlO~Elt KOI TIlt otWPOltpElt OIlO~OOTotxielt TOU ITnV Ttepimwon Tnlt A9nvoe 80 TtPETtEI vo otepEuvTJ9El 0 XOPOKTTJPOlt TWV eTlljltpoult ypOjljlWV TOU UTtO jlEAtTT] TtpoTelvojlevou TtPOOOTtOKOU otKTUOU wOTe vo K090ptOToUV jle oKpishyfJeto TO XOpaKTT]ptOTtKO KOt TO KonlAAnAO eioolt TOU TptvOU TtOU 80 KIVTJ9ei 0 OUTtlt Eivol PtflOIO em 0 XOPOKTTJPOlt TOU TInjlOTolt netpotae-A8rivo-Mevlotraquo rtpOolOtO~el TteplOOOTEPO oe OOTIKTJ E~UTlTJptTT]Oll KOt K09wlt 90 elvol KOt TO TIlTJIlO-KoPIlOlt TtOU 90 xpnOIshy1l0TtoieiTOI OTtO oAelt Tllt OJlOEOOTotxielt (TOTllKtlt Meshyvloiou ITtOTWV Kopiv90u XOAKioolt) Ot ouveTtoyoshyjlevelt jlIKptlt XPOVOOTtOOTaOellt jleTO~U TWV OUPIlWV TtOU 0 OIE TIlt eKTIllo OTO eAaXIOTO OPIO KOT opxnv TWV 6 ova KOTeU9uvOll oe 90 eTllTptTtOUV OVallel~n TT]lt TtPOOOTIOKTJlt jle TnV UTtepOOTIKri KUKAOpOpio oushyTe OIOTTJPTJOll TWV 10oTteowv OlOPaOewv ETOI Aomov TJ jlepIKt uTtoyeloTtoiTJOll 0 llePIKOlt TeTpOTtAOOIOOjlOlt TWV YPOjlIlcilV KOI TJ OAlKTJ oVlooTteooTtoiTJOll TOU 010shy0polloU OIE Mevloiou-nelpolo TtOU 90 owoel KOI 1110 TtOMTIIlTJ MOll OTO XPOVlO TtpoflATJllo OIXOTOIlTJOlllt TOU

35 1993 TeuroXVIKO XPOVlKO

3 IToxol 01 f3aolKo[ OTOXOI TOU IXeuro~LOOIlOU MeuroTaqgtopwv OTa nAaiota uAonoiTloTlC TOU PuBlltOTIKOU IXeuro~iou A9i]shyvac anooKonouv OTa euro~i]C

- MeuroiwOT) TOU U~POKeuroqgtaAtKOU xapaKTi]pa TflC ATTIKlic OTO euro9VIKO OUOTTllla IleuroTaqgtopwv

- EviOXUOT) Kat PeuroATiwOT) TWV Jltowv lla~tKlic IleuroTaqgtOshypOC Kat npOTeuropatOTflTa aUTWV Oeuro OXiOT) Il euro TO IX

- OpYOVWOT) TOU ouanillaToc IleuroTaqgtopwv WOTeuro va euroshy~unTlPeuroTeuroi TOUC euronI~IWKOIleuroVOUC nOAeuroO~OlltKOUC OTOXOUC

- Ka90pI01l0C nOAITIKi]C OTo9JleuroUOTlC nou va eurovapIlOshyVi~euroTat Il euro TO ~iKTUO JlEOWV lla~IKi]lt IleuroTaqgtopoc Kat TOUlt euro1~IKOUe nOAeuroO~OIlIKOUC OTOXOUlt

na TflV euroniTeuroU~Tl TWV napanovw analTeuroiTal Tl ouveuronlilt Kal OUVeuroxi]e uAonoiTlOT) iliac nOAITIKi]c lleuroTaqgtopwv nou va OTOXeuroUeuroI OTTl ~Tlllioupyia euroVOe eurovlaiou KalOshyAOKATJPWIlEVOU nOAuouOTi]llaToe IleuroTaqgtopwv onou 9a AeuroITOUPYouv oUVTOvlolltva Ta 5 unoouanillaTa

a O~IKO ~iKTUO

13 ATlIlOOleuroe OUYKOIVWvieuroC

y IT09IleuroUOT) aUToKlvi]TWV

~ YneuropaOTIKoi TeuroPllaTIKol OTa91l0i (ol~TJPOTaBlloi AlshyIlovla aeuropO~pOllla OTa91l0e UneuropaOTIKWv AeuroWqgtOshyptiwv)

euro ITa91l0i IleuroTeuromf3if3aOT)caVTanOKpIOT)C ~TJAa~i] oushyYKolvwvlaKoi KOllf3Ol onou aAM~euro1 Kavtie IlEOO Il euro shyTaqgtopoc (nx OTa91l0c uneuropaoTiKounpoaoTlashyKouaOTIKou Tptvou Il euro i] xwpie TpOqgtO~OTIKO AeuroWshyqgtoptia Kal Park and ride)

H OTpaTflYIKi] nou aKOAOu9euroiTal Kal nou anof3Mneuro1 OTflv 100ppOnTJ avomu~Tl TWV 5 unoouOTfllloTWV nposhyf3Mneuro1 Yla TIC ~TIIlOOlee OUYKOIvwviec TflV avomU~TJ ~IKTUOU Ileowv oTaBepi]c TPOXIOC nou npoypallllaTishy~euroTal va anOTeAeoel TTl laquopaXOKOKaAIOraquo TOU ~IKTUOU ~TJIlOOIWV OUYKOlVWVIWV To ~KTUO aUTO 8ewpeuroITal laquonpWTeuovraquo Kal txel oav OTOXO va ~leKnepatWOel TO lleYOAO lleTaqgtoplKO OYKO TWV ~TlIlOOIWV OUYKOLVWshyVtWV TPOqgtO~OTOUIleuroVO Oeuro ~loqgtopa KOllf3lKO OT)lleia ashyno TO laquo~euroUTeuroPeuroUOVraquo ~[KTUO nou anapT[~euroTat ana AeuroshyWqgtopelaKte ypaIlIlElt H TpoqgtoMTTJOT) TOU npWTeuroUOshyVTOe ~lKTUOU npOpMneuroTal va yiVeuroTat Kalll euro 1leuroTeuromI3[shypaOT) ano IX OTO paSJlO nou 9a euro~aoqgtaAIOTOUV XWpOl OTo91leuroUOTle KOVTO OTle OTOOeurolC TOU H OAOKAliPWOT) TOU ouanillaTOlt neplAallf3oVeuro1 Kat TTJ ~Tlllioupy[a Il euro shyYOAWV oTaSllwv 1leuroTeuromp[f3aoTlc-avTanOKplOT)C (oushyYKolvwvlaKwv KevTpwv) nou txouv oav OTOXO va ashynOTeuroAtoouv Ta qgtiATpa euroIOO~OUeuro~O~OU Kal ~LOvolllic TWV eurompaTWV ana Ta UneuropaOTlKO Kal npoaOTlaKo Tpeshyva OTO IleuroTPO Kal Ta Aeurowqgtopeuro[a (Kal aVTiOTpoqgta) nou Il euro Tfl OeurolPO TOUe TOUe KaTavEllouv OTflv nOATJ 000 KashyMTeuropa oPyavwlltva eivat aUTO Ta OUYKOIVWVtaKO KEshyVTpa Kal 000 nUKVOTeuropa ~IKTUWIlEva eival Ta npoashyvaqgteuropSeVTa oUOTlillaTa aOTlKWV OUYKOlVWVIWV Iltoa OlOV aOTIKO 10TO TOOO neuropIOOOTeuroPO aU~OVeurotll anoshy~OTlKOTflTa TWV UneuropaOTlKWv Kal npOaOTlaKWV TPEshy

vwv onwc Ilac ~euroiXVeuro1 TO napO~euroIYlla TOU naplOlOU TOU Movoxou TOU AIlPOUPYOU KOK Et~lKOTeuropa aushyTO IOXUeurol onwc ei~alleuro OTTlV neuropimwOT) ll euroTpO-npoashyOTlaKOU Tpevou nou npenel va neuroTUXOUV pa91lo OUshyveuroPyaoiac TOOO aptOTOnOlTllleVO nou va BeuroWpOUVTal ana TOV Ka8TlIleuroplVO XplioTfl KupiwC europya~OIleuroVO (commuter) oav Eva eurovlaio ouoTfllla nou AeuroITouPyeuroi Il euro anOAuTTJ aKpipeurola Kal a~tomOTia

To npWTeuroUOV oUOTfllla ~TlIlOOWV OUYKOIVWVIWV Ba ashynOTeuroAeuroOTeuroi ano

1) Tfl ypalllln neurolpato-KTlqgtIOlOC TWV HIAn nou Ii~Tl ashyvapa9Ili~euroTal Yla va anoKTijOeuro1 xapaKTflPIOTtKo Il euro shyTPO Kal va qgtTOOeurot Oeuro IleuroTaqgtoptKi] IKaVOTflTa 28000 euromf3aTwv avo wpa Kat KaTeurou9uvOT) Il euro nUKVOTflTa ~pOIlOAOyiwv avo 25 AeuromO OTO qgt0pTtOllevo KeuroshyVTPIKO Tlllilla Tfle (Taupoc-naTijota) Kat OTIe Wpeuroe KUKAOqgtoptaKlie atXIli]C

2) TIC uno KaTaOKeuroui] ypalllltc 2 Kat 3 TOU lleTpo H TeuroAIKn elKova aUTwv TWV ypallllwv 9a euroivat neuropt shymEpt-rAUqgto~a Kal nelpaIOe-AIYOAeuroW-nEVTOYWVOshyITaupoc

3) TIe ypallllEe TOU OIE laquoIlTlTponOAlTlKi]e OT)llaoiae nou KaTOAATJAa PeuroATIWlltVeuroe Kal OUJlnATlPWlleVee 9a eurovTax90uv OTO ~iKTUO Iltowv maBeuropi]e TpOXtoe 1leuro~OVOe npWTeuroUOUOTle Yla npoaOTlaKEe Kat aOTIshyKEe ouv~eoeurotC To oUOTfllla TOU npoaOllaKou Ot~TJshyPO~poIlOU Sa OUllnATJPwBEi Kat Il euro Ilta via ypallllli nou 8a KOVeuro1 xpijOT) Tfle IleuroOa[ae Awpi~ae Tfle E ITaupou-EAeuroUo[vae Kal Tfle naAtolt ypalllli]C aushypiou

4) Ttlt ypallllee KOPIlOU nou npoKumouv ano Tflv avashy~lop8pwoTJ TWV AewqgtopeuroLOKWV ypallllwv TOU OAI lleuroptKElt ana Tie onoieuroe lleAAoVTIKO Kat euroOV Tl ~i]TflshyOT) TO anatTijOeuroI Ba Ilnopouv euroV~euroXOlleVa va aVTIshyKaTaOTaBouv ano Kimoto papuTEporaquo Ileoo (Ileoo OTa8europi]c TPOXIOC npoqgtavwe) To laquonooo papuraquo 8a eival 8a euro~apTflBEi ano TTl ~i]TflOT) TOOO TTlV nposhyf3AeuronOIleuroVTl 000 Kal TflV eurom8UIlTlTT] Ola nAaiOla TOU nOAeuroO~OlltKOu IXeuro~taollou EKKPeuroIleuroi aKolla 11 Il euro shyAtTfl ~TJllloupy[ac evoe EAaqgtpou IlEOOU OlaSEpijc TPOXIOC (Tpall) KaTo IlliKOe TflC napaAlaKfte AEWqgtOshypou IlEXPt BouAlaYlleVTl nou 8a euro~UnT)PETeuro1 TIe nashypaAlaKtc IleuroTaKlvliOEte Kupla ava~uxric Kal 8a OUVshy~UO~ETat Il euro TO npoypalllla aVonAaOT)C TOU 4laATlPtshyKOU OPIlOU

H TeuroAIKIi euroIKOVa TOU npWTeuroUOVTOlt ~IKTUOU Ba euro~apshyTfl8euroi ano Ta e~ije KpITT]pla a~lonoiTJoTJ UqgtIOTOIleuroVTJe unO~Ollnlt (~laoPOIlOI OIE Kal HIAn naAIO ypallllij aup[ou KAn) nOAeuroO~OIlIKri e~eAI~Tl Kat oUIlPaToTflshyTa Il euro TOUe OlOXOUC TOU PU81llOTIKOU Ixe~iou ~ijTflshyOT) AeuroITOUPYlKOTflTa (TEXVlKO Kat OIKOVOIlIKO)

To KaT apxliv uno lleAeTfl OUOTTllla TOU npoaOTlaKOU ot~TlPO~POIlOU TTJlt A8iJvae (IXmiddot 1 OTO napOPTfllla) neuro shyPIAaIlPOVeuro1 TOUe O~OVeuroC TOU OIE

1) neurolpaloc-A8i]va-Meurovi~1 (OTO Mevi~l 9a yiVeuro1 tva Il euro shyyo7l0 OUYKolvwvlaKo KtvTPO IleuroTEmpiI3aOT)ltavTashynOKplOT)C Il euro POAO euroVOC ~euroUTeuropOU EnlKOuptKOU Olshy~TJPO~POlllKOU oTaBllou Yla Tflv A9i]va nou 8a euroshy

36 loUA-Auy1993

~UTtTJPeTei TO flopeto AeKOVOTtEOIO)

2) Meviol-EAeuoivo-MEyopo-KoPIV90ltAoUTPOKt (0shy~ovolt oUTtKtlt ATTtKrllt)

3) Meviot-OtVOltpUTO-XoAKioalt9rflo (o~ovolt flopetolt ATTIKtlt)

4) Meviol-IToupolt-KopwTtI-Aepoop0jlIO ImlTwv-AoushyPIO (o~ovolt EA ITOUpOU - EAeuolvolt KOI TtOAlalt ypOjljli)lt Aoupiou Ttp0lt Meooyelo)

To Olljleio OVTOTtOKPIOlllt Ile TO OUOTT]jlO OOTIKOU 01shyOTJPOOpOjlOU (jleTpo-HIAn) TT]lt A9i)volt 90 elvol 4

IT09jlolt nelpOlo (KOlvi) oltpeTnpio TtPOOOTlOKOU KOI YP0jljlrilt HIAn)

IT09jlolt AopiOlllt (KOIVOlt OT09jlolt UTtepOOTlKoumposhyOOTIOKOU OIE KOt YPolllli)lt 2 TOU lleTPO ouvoeOll KOl Ile OT09jlo HIAn ATTIKtlt)

NepoYKtclmOoo (KOIVOUPYIOlt OT09jl0lt OTTJ YPOjljli) HIAn nelpOIO-KTJltP1010lt KOIVOlt jle TtPOOOTlOKt ypojlshyjlt Mevloiou-Meooyeiwv)

ITOUPOlt (OT09jl0lt OVTOTtOKPIOlllt YP0jljlrilt 3 TOU MeshyTPO Ile TtPOOOTlOKt YPOjljli) Mevloiou-Meooyelwv)

EIOlKO n YPOjljli) Mevloiou-MeooyElwv TtOU 90 flpishyOKeTOIjlEOO OTnV EA ITOUpou-EAeumvolt OXeota~eshyTOt KOT e~oxriv TtaVW OTT]V opxri TT]lt jleTemflif)aOlllt WshyOTe vo jlo~eUet Tllt emfJOTlKElt pOElt TtOU TtPOOpllOVTOl (i) TtpOepXOVTOt) yta TT]V Tteploxi) Meooyeiwv KOl TOU veou oepoopojliou ITtOTWV OTtO TOUlt KageTOUlt OUshyYKOIVWVIOKOUlt oEovelt TOU AeKovoTteolou OTO Olljleio TOjlnlt TWV OTtoiwv TtPOflAeuroTtOVTOI OT09jl0i H AOY1Kn EshyVTO~nlt OOTlKnlt ri TtPOOOTIOKtlt OIOnpOOp0jllKnlt ypOjlshyjlrilt OTn jlEOn jl10lt eAeUgepnlt AewltpOpou Elvol TtoM otOoeoOIlEVn OTllt HnA lOIOinpo OTO ItKOYO OTtOU UshyTtOPXOUV OJlOpltpelt OIOToEellt OT09jlWV KOTW OTtO OVIshyoomoelt olofJooellt K09hwv oowv OTtOU T] OTaOll TOU TP0ltpOOOTlKOU Aewltpopeiou OVTtOTOtxi~eTOI KOTOKOshypultpo KOt emKOIVWVet Ile KAijlOKelt Ile TO OT091l0 TOU IlEOOU OT0geprilt TPOXIOlt (fJA ltpWT OTO TtOpapTT]jlO)

o TtPOOOTIOKOlt OtonpOopOIlOlt OTT]V ATTIKn IlTtOpei vo yivel evo opyovo OTtOKeVTpWOlllt KOt UTtOOTnpl~nlt TWV TtepIltpepeloKwv TT]lt KevTpwv KUPIO TWV KEVTPWV XWshypOTO~tKnlt uTtOeVOTT]Tolt TtOU Ttpooolopl~el TO Pu9jl1shyOTIKO IXeuroOto MTtopEl eTtiOlllt vo ou jljlo~ElIIel TnV 0shyvopxn ovomu~n TtOU OIOjlopltpWveTOI TO TeAeUToio XPOVIO OTT]V ATTIKt jle UTtOOTnpl~n OPIOjlEVWV OlljleishyWV-KeVTpwv KOIOX1 ~WVWv OTlWlt Kovel TO jleTpO AushyTO emTuvxoveTOI oltp evolt Ilev jle TtpoflAellln OUYKeshyKp1llevnlt TtOAITIKnlt OTtO TtOAeooOIlIKte rtAeupQlt oltp eshyTipou oe jle TT]V opon XWP09ETT]Oll TWV OlonpOOposhyIlIKWV OT09jlwV OTOV TteplOOTtKO Xwpo KOt TTJV TtUshyKVWOll TWV opolloAoylwv 1l0VaXO OTIlt wpee OIXIltlt BefJolo n TtUKVOTT]TO opolloAoyiwv OUVOPTOTOIOXljlOshyVO jle TOUe XWpOTO~IKOUlt Myoult oMo KOljle TT]V eshyTtOpKelO Tpoxoiou UAIKOU Tn ~nTT]Oll KATt To yelTovIshyKO OOPUltP0PIKa KEVTPO (t9i)fJo XaAKioo AOUPlO EAeushyoivo MEYOPO KOplV90e) 90 e~opTT]90uv jlEOW TOU oushyOTrljlOTOlt OUTOU (TOU TtPOOOTIOKOU OIonpOOpOjlOu) TteshyploooTepo OTtO TT]v A9TJvo XaPIlt OTT]v OJleOoTT]TO KOshy9TJlleptvrlt TtpooflooTJlt OTO jlei~ov KivTpo (xPOVIKTJ

OlopKelO maximum TteplTtou 1 wpo) wOTe vo OUYKPOshyTTJOOUV TOV rtATJ9uOllo TOUlt KOt Vo jlTJ OtOYKweEl TteshyPlOOOTePO TJ A9rivo reVtKa OTT]v TteplmwOll OUTTJ TO oeuTepeuov KEVTPO UTtOOTT]pi~eTOI KOt oev OTtOPPOshyltpOTOI OTtO TO Ilei~ov IlEOW TOU TtPOOOTIOKOU TpEVOU ITO nopiol OAO TO OOPUltpOptKO KEVTPO OTrlPt~OV TT]V ovomu~t TOUlt OTO TOXU TtPOOOTIOKO jleTpo (RER) ov KOI n OUYKPIOll jle TO nOpiOI eo TtpETtet jloMov vo 0shyTtoltpeuyeTol 0 OUTO TO 9EjlO YloTI eKel TO RER oMnshyAoOTtoOTT]pl~eTOt oe TtapO TtOAM Olljleio jle TO OOTIKO jleTpO TO OTtolo jle TT] oelpo TOU ultpoivel ivo TtUKVOshyTOTO OXTU KaTW OTtO TT]V TtOAT] K091OTWVTOlt TIlt jleshyTOKlVnoellt jle IX oe jleyOAo floello OUjlTtATJPWjlOTlKEe KOl oeUTepeUOUooe Olljlooiolt oe OXtOll jle TO POAO TOUlt OTnV A9tvo To TtOPOTtaVW oe OUjlflovel KI OUTe TtpofJAETteTOI VO oUllflei 0 OUTO TO fJ09jlO OTT]v A9tvo EKeivo OJlwlt TtOU ouoxeTI~eTol ajleOO jle TT]V TtepishyTlTWOn TT]lt A9rvolt Elvol TJ OIOjlOpltpWOll Mo TUTtWV TtPOOOTIOKOU olonpOOpOjlOU OVaAOYO jle TnV Tteploxt e~UTlTJPETT]Olllt TT]V OTtOOTOOll KOI TIlt TtUKvOTT]Telt rtAnshy8uOllOU KOI OPOOTT]PIOTTJTWV To TOXU TtPOOOTIOKOjleshyTPO (RER) jle TtUKVa 0p0jloMYlO (ova 15 TO TtoM) eshy~UTtnpeTei Kupiwlt TO TtPOaOTlO jlEOT]lt OTtOOTOOTJlt (proche banlieu) evw olooxl~et uTtoyeto TTJV KeVTptKn TtepIOXn TT]lt TtOATJlt TtepVwvTOlt OTtO TO KEVTPO WOTe vo OUVOEel jle evtolelt OIi)Kouoelt OlOjleTpIKElt YPOjllltlt (cross-city connection) TO eKOTEpw8ev 0TJIlOVTlKO TteshyPIltpepelOKa KtvTpO To OUjlflOTIKO TtPOOOTIOKO Tpivo (trains de banlieu) TW SNCF eEuTtnpeTei Kuplwe TO jl0shyKPIVa TtPOaOTIO KOI Tllt KOVTlvtlt TtOAellt (40-100 XAjl oshyTtO TO nOpiOl) TtOU flpioKOVTOI OTn ~WVT] TtOU OVOlla~eshyTOI grand banlieu KOI KlveiTOI oe OKTIVlKamplt YPOjlIlElt TtOU KOToAnyouv OTOUlt jleyOAoult OT09jloult laquoKOTO KeshyltpoAt TOU nOplOIOU To 0P0jlOAOYIO TOUlt Elvol OPOlshyoTepo OTt 6TI TOU RER KOI TO XOpOKTT]PIOTIKa TOUlt rtAnOlO~OUVmo TtoM OTO TtOPOOOOIOKO Tpivo nOVTWlt KOI TO RER TtOU OUVOua~el XOpOKTT]PIOTIKa KOI AEIshyToupyio (oe YPOlllltlt) umpOOTtKOU (SNCF) KOt OOTIKOU (RATP) OloTJPooPOIlOU - OXt TOU lleTPO TtOVTWlt - opXishy~El KOt eTteKTeivETOI KOI oungt oe 1l0KPUVOTePO TtpOOshyOTtO Myw OU~TJlltVTJe ~tTT]Olllt TtOU IlTtopEi VO E~UTtnshypETTJgei KoMTEPO OTtO TIlt OUToKlvnTOIlO~Elt KOI TIlt otWPOltpElt OIlO~OOTotxielt TOU ITnV Ttepimwon Tnlt A9nvoe 80 TtPETtEI vo otepEuvTJ9El 0 XOPOKTTJPOlt TWV eTlljltpoult ypOjljlWV TOU UTtO jlEAtTT] TtpoTelvojlevou TtPOOOTtOKOU otKTUOU wOTe vo K090ptOToUV jle oKpishyfJeto TO XOpaKTT]ptOTtKO KOt TO KonlAAnAO eioolt TOU TptvOU TtOU 80 KIVTJ9ei 0 OUTtlt Eivol PtflOIO em 0 XOPOKTTJPOlt TOU TInjlOTolt netpotae-A8rivo-Mevlotraquo rtpOolOtO~el TteplOOOTEPO oe OOTIKTJ E~UTlTJptTT]Oll KOt K09wlt 90 elvol KOt TO TIlTJIlO-KoPIlOlt TtOU 90 xpnOIshy1l0TtoieiTOI OTtO oAelt Tllt OJlOEOOTotxielt (TOTllKtlt Meshyvloiou ITtOTWV Kopiv90u XOAKioolt) Ot ouveTtoyoshyjlevelt jlIKptlt XPOVOOTtOOTaOellt jleTO~U TWV OUPIlWV TtOU 0 OIE TIlt eKTIllo OTO eAaXIOTO OPIO KOT opxnv TWV 6 ova KOTeU9uvOll oe 90 eTllTptTtOUV OVallel~n TT]lt TtPOOOTIOKTJlt jle TnV UTtepOOTIKri KUKAOpOpio oushyTe OIOTTJPTJOll TWV 10oTteowv OlOPaOewv ETOI Aomov TJ jlepIKt uTtoyeloTtoiTJOll 0 llePIKOlt TeTpOTtAOOIOOjlOlt TWV YPOjlIlcilV KOI TJ OAlKTJ oVlooTteooTtoiTJOll TOU 010shy0polloU OIE Mevloiou-nelpolo TtOU 90 owoel KOI 1110 TtOMTIIlTJ MOll OTO XPOVlO TtpoflATJllo OIXOTOIlTJOlllt TOU

36 loUA-Auy1993

~UTtTJPeTei TO flopeto AeKOVOTtEOIO)

2) Meviol-EAeuoivo-MEyopo-KoPIV90ltAoUTPOKt (0shy~ovolt oUTtKtlt ATTtKrllt)

3) Meviot-OtVOltpUTO-XoAKioalt9rflo (o~ovolt flopetolt ATTIKtlt)

4) Meviol-IToupolt-KopwTtI-Aepoop0jlIO ImlTwv-AoushyPIO (o~ovolt EA ITOUpOU - EAeuolvolt KOI TtOAlalt ypOjljli)lt Aoupiou Ttp0lt Meooyelo)

To Olljleio OVTOTtOKPIOlllt Ile TO OUOTT]jlO OOTIKOU 01shyOTJPOOpOjlOU (jleTpo-HIAn) TT]lt A9i)volt 90 elvol 4

IT09jlolt nelpOlo (KOlvi) oltpeTnpio TtPOOOTlOKOU KOI YP0jljlrilt HIAn)

IT09jlolt AopiOlllt (KOIVOlt OT09jlolt UTtepOOTlKoumposhyOOTIOKOU OIE KOt YPolllli)lt 2 TOU lleTPO ouvoeOll KOl Ile OT09jlo HIAn ATTIKtlt)

NepoYKtclmOoo (KOIVOUPYIOlt OT09jl0lt OTTJ YPOjljli) HIAn nelpOIO-KTJltP1010lt KOIVOlt jle TtPOOOTlOKt ypojlshyjlt Mevloiou-Meooyeiwv)

ITOUPOlt (OT09jl0lt OVTOTtOKPIOlllt YP0jljlrilt 3 TOU MeshyTPO Ile TtPOOOTlOKt YPOjljli) Mevloiou-Meooyelwv)

EIOlKO n YPOjljli) Mevloiou-MeooyElwv TtOU 90 flpishyOKeTOIjlEOO OTnV EA ITOUpou-EAeumvolt OXeota~eshyTOt KOT e~oxriv TtaVW OTT]V opxri TT]lt jleTemflif)aOlllt WshyOTe vo jlo~eUet Tllt emfJOTlKElt pOElt TtOU TtPOOpllOVTOl (i) TtpOepXOVTOt) yta TT]V Tteploxi) Meooyeiwv KOl TOU veou oepoopojliou ITtOTWV OTtO TOUlt KageTOUlt OUshyYKOIVWVIOKOUlt oEovelt TOU AeKovoTteolou OTO Olljleio TOjlnlt TWV OTtoiwv TtPOflAeuroTtOVTOI OT09jl0i H AOY1Kn EshyVTO~nlt OOTlKnlt ri TtPOOOTIOKtlt OIOnpOOp0jllKnlt ypOjlshyjlrilt OTn jlEOn jl10lt eAeUgepnlt AewltpOpou Elvol TtoM otOoeoOIlEVn OTllt HnA lOIOinpo OTO ItKOYO OTtOU UshyTtOPXOUV OJlOpltpelt OIOToEellt OT09jlWV KOTW OTtO OVIshyoomoelt olofJooellt K09hwv oowv OTtOU T] OTaOll TOU TP0ltpOOOTlKOU Aewltpopeiou OVTtOTOtxi~eTOI KOTOKOshypultpo KOt emKOIVWVet Ile KAijlOKelt Ile TO OT091l0 TOU IlEOOU OT0geprilt TPOXIOlt (fJA ltpWT OTO TtOpapTT]jlO)

o TtPOOOTIOKOlt OtonpOopOIlOlt OTT]V ATTIKn IlTtOpei vo yivel evo opyovo OTtOKeVTpWOlllt KOt UTtOOTnpl~nlt TWV TtepIltpepeloKwv TT]lt KevTpwv KUPIO TWV KEVTPWV XWshypOTO~tKnlt uTtOeVOTT]Tolt TtOU Ttpooolopl~el TO Pu9jl1shyOTIKO IXeuroOto MTtopEl eTtiOlllt vo ou jljlo~ElIIel TnV 0shyvopxn ovomu~n TtOU OIOjlopltpWveTOI TO TeAeUToio XPOVIO OTT]V ATTIKt jle UTtOOTnpl~n OPIOjlEVWV OlljleishyWV-KeVTpwv KOIOX1 ~WVWv OTlWlt Kovel TO jleTpO AushyTO emTuvxoveTOI oltp evolt Ilev jle TtpoflAellln OUYKeshyKp1llevnlt TtOAITIKnlt OTtO TtOAeooOIlIKte rtAeupQlt oltp eshyTipou oe jle TT]V opon XWP09ETT]Oll TWV OlonpOOposhyIlIKWV OT09jlwV OTOV TteplOOTtKO Xwpo KOt TTJV TtUshyKVWOll TWV opolloAoylwv 1l0VaXO OTIlt wpee OIXIltlt BefJolo n TtUKVOTT]TO opolloAoyiwv OUVOPTOTOIOXljlOshyVO jle TOUe XWpOTO~IKOUlt Myoult oMo KOljle TT]V eshyTtOpKelO Tpoxoiou UAIKOU Tn ~nTT]Oll KATt To yelTovIshyKO OOPUltP0PIKa KEVTPO (t9i)fJo XaAKioo AOUPlO EAeushyoivo MEYOPO KOplV90e) 90 e~opTT]90uv jlEOW TOU oushyOTrljlOTOlt OUTOU (TOU TtPOOOTIOKOU OIonpOOpOjlOu) TteshyploooTepo OTtO TT]v A9TJvo XaPIlt OTT]v OJleOoTT]TO KOshy9TJlleptvrlt TtpooflooTJlt OTO jlei~ov KivTpo (xPOVIKTJ

OlopKelO maximum TteplTtou 1 wpo) wOTe vo OUYKPOshyTTJOOUV TOV rtATJ9uOllo TOUlt KOt Vo jlTJ OtOYKweEl TteshyPlOOOTePO TJ A9rivo reVtKa OTT]v TteplmwOll OUTTJ TO oeuTepeuov KEVTPO UTtOOTT]pi~eTOI KOt oev OTtOPPOshyltpOTOI OTtO TO Ilei~ov IlEOW TOU TtPOOOTIOKOU TpEVOU ITO nopiol OAO TO OOPUltpOptKO KEVTPO OTrlPt~OV TT]V ovomu~t TOUlt OTO TOXU TtPOOOTIOKO jleTpo (RER) ov KOI n OUYKPIOll jle TO nOpiOI eo TtpETtet jloMov vo 0shyTtoltpeuyeTol 0 OUTO TO 9EjlO YloTI eKel TO RER oMnshyAoOTtoOTT]pl~eTOt oe TtapO TtOAM Olljleio jle TO OOTIKO jleTpO TO OTtolo jle TT] oelpo TOU ultpoivel ivo TtUKVOshyTOTO OXTU KaTW OTtO TT]V TtOAT] K091OTWVTOlt TIlt jleshyTOKlVnoellt jle IX oe jleyOAo floello OUjlTtATJPWjlOTlKEe KOl oeUTepeUOUooe Olljlooiolt oe OXtOll jle TO POAO TOUlt OTnV A9tvo To TtOPOTtaVW oe OUjlflovel KI OUTe TtpofJAETteTOI VO oUllflei 0 OUTO TO fJ09jlO OTT]v A9tvo EKeivo OJlwlt TtOU ouoxeTI~eTol ajleOO jle TT]V TtepishyTlTWOn TT]lt A9rvolt Elvol TJ OIOjlOpltpWOll Mo TUTtWV TtPOOOTIOKOU olonpOOpOjlOU OVaAOYO jle TnV Tteploxt e~UTlTJPETT]Olllt TT]V OTtOOTOOll KOI TIlt TtUKvOTT]Telt rtAnshy8uOllOU KOI OPOOTT]PIOTTJTWV To TOXU TtPOOOTIOKOjleshyTPO (RER) jle TtUKVa 0p0jloMYlO (ova 15 TO TtoM) eshy~UTtnpeTei Kupiwlt TO TtPOaOTlO jlEOT]lt OTtOOTOOTJlt (proche banlieu) evw olooxl~et uTtoyeto TTJV KeVTptKn TtepIOXn TT]lt TtOATJlt TtepVwvTOlt OTtO TO KEVTPO WOTe vo OUVOEel jle evtolelt OIi)Kouoelt OlOjleTpIKElt YPOjllltlt (cross-city connection) TO eKOTEpw8ev 0TJIlOVTlKO TteshyPIltpepelOKa KtvTpO To OUjlflOTIKO TtPOOOTIOKO Tpivo (trains de banlieu) TW SNCF eEuTtnpeTei Kuplwe TO jl0shyKPIVa TtPOaOTIO KOI Tllt KOVTlvtlt TtOAellt (40-100 XAjl oshyTtO TO nOpiOl) TtOU flpioKOVTOI OTn ~WVT] TtOU OVOlla~eshyTOI grand banlieu KOI KlveiTOI oe OKTIVlKamplt YPOjlIlElt TtOU KOToAnyouv OTOUlt jleyOAoult OT09jloult laquoKOTO KeshyltpoAt TOU nOplOIOU To 0P0jlOAOYIO TOUlt Elvol OPOlshyoTepo OTt 6TI TOU RER KOI TO XOpOKTT]PIOTIKa TOUlt rtAnOlO~OUVmo TtoM OTO TtOPOOOOIOKO Tpivo nOVTWlt KOI TO RER TtOU OUVOua~el XOpOKTT]PIOTIKa KOI AEIshyToupyio (oe YPOlllltlt) umpOOTtKOU (SNCF) KOt OOTIKOU (RATP) OloTJPooPOIlOU - OXt TOU lleTPO TtOVTWlt - opXishy~El KOt eTteKTeivETOI KOI oungt oe 1l0KPUVOTePO TtpOOshyOTtO Myw OU~TJlltVTJe ~tTT]Olllt TtOU IlTtopEi VO E~UTtnshypETTJgei KoMTEPO OTtO TIlt OUToKlvnTOIlO~Elt KOI TIlt otWPOltpElt OIlO~OOTotxielt TOU ITnV Ttepimwon Tnlt A9nvoe 80 TtPETtEI vo otepEuvTJ9El 0 XOPOKTTJPOlt TWV eTlljltpoult ypOjljlWV TOU UTtO jlEAtTT] TtpoTelvojlevou TtPOOOTtOKOU otKTUOU wOTe vo K090ptOToUV jle oKpishyfJeto TO XOpaKTT]ptOTtKO KOt TO KonlAAnAO eioolt TOU TptvOU TtOU 80 KIVTJ9ei 0 OUTtlt Eivol PtflOIO em 0 XOPOKTTJPOlt TOU TInjlOTolt netpotae-A8rivo-Mevlotraquo rtpOolOtO~el TteplOOOTEPO oe OOTIKTJ E~UTlTJptTT]Oll KOt K09wlt 90 elvol KOt TO TIlTJIlO-KoPIlOlt TtOU 90 xpnOIshy1l0TtoieiTOI OTtO oAelt Tllt OJlOEOOTotxielt (TOTllKtlt Meshyvloiou ITtOTWV Kopiv90u XOAKioolt) Ot ouveTtoyoshyjlevelt jlIKptlt XPOVOOTtOOTaOellt jleTO~U TWV OUPIlWV TtOU 0 OIE TIlt eKTIllo OTO eAaXIOTO OPIO KOT opxnv TWV 6 ova KOTeU9uvOll oe 90 eTllTptTtOUV OVallel~n TT]lt TtPOOOTIOKTJlt jle TnV UTtepOOTIKri KUKAOpOpio oushyTe OIOTTJPTJOll TWV 10oTteowv OlOPaOewv ETOI Aomov TJ jlepIKt uTtoyeloTtoiTJOll 0 llePIKOlt TeTpOTtAOOIOOjlOlt TWV YPOjlIlcilV KOI TJ OAlKTJ oVlooTteooTtoiTJOll TOU 010shy0polloU OIE Mevloiou-nelpolo TtOU 90 owoel KOI 1110 TtOMTIIlTJ MOll OTO XPOVlO TtpoflATJllo OIXOTOIlTJOlllt TOU

37 10 UA-AUy 1993 TexvlKa XPOVIKO

Light Rail in Hannover

S-BBhn in Dortmund

OIKIOTIKOU IOTOU TTle A8Tjvoe So npema va 8ewP11 9 ei ~ e (5o ~evo Kal 8a napaOXel TTlV e uKatpia ~Iae KalshyvoupYloe ypa~~Tie Tlmou ~ eTpo n eplno u onpoo~oshyKl1TTle To S-8ahn TOU Movaxou on ou OTOV un oy eto KOP~O TOU o uyxw veUOVTat 01 entltpa vetaKo OUYKAIVOshyvTe e e ~wTep lKoi KM~ OI TOU e ivat ev a KaAO napa shy(5elw a OAM KaMnpo OKO~l1 eiVatl1 Xpl1ol~onoil1OTJ TWV ypa~~wv TWV ITOAIKWV KPOTlKWV OI~l1po(5 po ~wv (~e KOTaAAl1Al1 ovol3aS~IOTJ KOl ~ePIKO TeTponAOOtOshy0~6 TOUe) YlO aOTIKTi e~u1lpETTl OTJ OTOT~iwa nou Tishy~VOUV TOV OtKIOTIKO IOTa Tl1e PW~T)e EivOl TO ne~tshy13011TO serviz io urbano fs n ou AelToupy ei ~e TO~IKec OUTOK IVTlTo~a~ee KOTa I-lTiKOlt tOU OI)l1pO~pO~IKOU 60shyKuAIo u nou OXl1~aTi~o uv 01 unepoOTIKee ypa~~ie OTTJ v AIWVIO nOAl1 (cintura ferroviaria) To i~lo yiveTOI KOI ana nMla KOl OTl1 NanOAl1 ~e TO xapOKTl1p IOTIKO Meropolitana fs To oUOTTJ~a TTle PW~l1e OAOMl1 PWshyveTOl ~poundoo ana OTOS~O Ue aVTanoKpIOTJe ~e TO OOTIKO ~iKTuo (I3AOX 5 67 8 nopap~~otOe)KoI~nopei va aVTlO1OIXIOTei ~e TO OUOTl1~a n pOOOTIOKOU l pivou ASTiva e - OUYKOIVWVIOKOU KEVTPOU MevI~iou - OOTIshyKOU Tpevou O~E MeVI~iou-nelpOla-MeTPO OTTJ PW ~l1 TO servizio urbano f s noi~e l TO POAO TOU ~eMOVTIKO U OOTIKOU Tpivou Mevi~ l - nelpOlae 0 1 m pI ~eTpIKo i OTo8~oi - nUAee Ro m a Tuscol ana Aoma Osti ense Roma Trastevere Roma T iburt lna 01 ono[OI ~o~euouv

TTlV Klvl1 0TJ TWV TpaV~ITO oup~wv 80PeI0e-~OTI0e ITshyAiae nou ~ev Iln aivouv OLOV Tep~OTlKO laquoKOTO KecpoA~ OTaS~o Ro ma termini OVTIOTOIXI~OVTOI ouyxwveu~eshyva OTO POAO TOU OUYKOIVWVIOKOU KpoundVTPOU Mevl~iou nou Kal aUTO So MXeTOI TTlV TPOV~ITO K[Vl1OTJ ~eHoshyVTI KO nOTpoe-geoooAoviKl1e 01 npooOTIOKpounde ypo~shy~Ee ~OKPIVWV onoOTooewv - Laziali- TWV FS OVTlshyOTOIX(~OvtOI ~e TIe ypo~~ie XaAK[~Oe Kat KopivSou 11 via ypo~~Ti n poe TO oepo~po~IO ieovapvtO VTa 8 1shyVTOI (ltIgtlo u ~ITolvo) OVTlOTOIXi~eTOl OTTJ ypo~~Tj nou 80 OuvM el TO M eooyelo KOl TO oepo~pO~IO InoTwv ~e TO V OIKI01IKO IOTO Tl1e npwnUOUOoe KOI TEAoe 0 OTaSI-lOe (KOl-l3oe) Ostiense KOl TO termini (I-e TO OAOshyMl1PWl-ivo OUOTTJ~o l-enml3ll3ooewv OTO ~eTpo) ~e TO ~Ta8~0 iapIOTJe KOl TOUe oMoue O1OS~OUe avtonoshyKpIOTJe TOU ~eHOVTtKOU ~IKTUOU TTl e ASTivae

H ~lepeUVllOTJ TOU XOPOK~PO TWV l-leHOVTIKWV nposhyaOTIOKWV ypo~~wv elvOl anopoiTTlTTl YloTI SO K080shyploel OUVOAIKO TTl cpuOloyvw~lo TOUe (TunOe e~unl1shypi TTlOTJe XWPl1TIKOTTlTO ypo~~wv KO~ nUKVOTTlTO ~po~ ~oAoylwv Ono01OOTJ ~eTO~U OT08~wv Tpoxoio UAIKO nou 8a KIV118 ei -TeXVIKa KOI AelToupYIKO XOPOKTTlPIshyOTIKO - KOK)

Eivat n pocpavie OTt oHee eivat 01 onOl~oele e~U1lshypiTTlOTJe TTl e EAeuoivoe on OTl TTle KopivSou Tj TOU enOXIOKO CPOPTIO~ivou iouTpoKlou an OTI TTle 1310shy~l1XOVIKT] e ~WVl1e 8Pl00iou KOI OIVOCPUTWV TWV ~OshyKPIVWV ~eTOKIVT]OeWV npoe 8 0 1WTlo an OTI OUTWV TOU Ka80po OOTIKOU xopoKTi] pa ~poundOO OTa OPIO TOU AeKovone~lou A8Tivoe nOVTWC eKTOe ana TTl ~IOCPOshyponoil1 OTJ TOU eI~oue TWV TPEVWV unopxouv noposhy(5eiy~aTo ana TTl ~le8vr e~nelpio (nx yeo ~iKUO ~shyBahn Zu piXl1e) onou onocpaOlOTTJ Ke va KIV118el eVlalshyoe TunOe oup~ou oe OAee TIe ypO I-l~Ee ~e ~IOCPOPOshynoil1OTJ ~OVOXO OTl1 ~PO~OAOYIOKT] nUKVOTTlTO TWV e~ m~ ipoue ypo~~wv nou aU~OVeTOl OTa mo KeVTpIKO T~rl-aTa (I3A OX 9 nopopTi]IlOTOe) no TTlV nUKVOTTl~ TO TWV OTa8~wv OPKei va nou~e OTI TO npOOOTIOKO Tpiva Tunou neplcpepelOKOU ~eTpo (nx RER S-8ahn) ~eoa OTTJV KeVTPIKT] neplOXT] exouv ~Ti Koe OnOOTOOTJ e OT08~wv nou Ku~oiveTal an01 000 ewe 5000 ~euroTPO eshyvw e~unoKoueTOl OTt OTOV neplamlKo xwpo 11 onoshyOTaOTJ ouTi] IlftOpei va oU~118ei H uqJl1M e~nopIKi] TOshyXUTTlTO OTTJv n epimwOTJ ou~ 15ev ert11 peo~eTat 1~loishyTepa eltp OOOV XP11011-l0noleiTOl KaToMl1Ao Tpoxoio ushyAIKO (Ile I5UVOTOTTlTO yprwopWV Kat ~eyoAwv emTashyxuvoewv) r ulO8eTOUVTOI KOTOAAl1AOI TponOI eK~eshyTltlHe uOTJe (OTO REA n x 01 ~IOCPOpOI oUPlloi ~e 0108shy~euouv OVOYKOOTIKWe oe OAO Ue TOUe OT08 1l0 ue KOll1 OXeTIKr nAl1PoqgtoPl1OTJ ~i~poundTOl 010 KOlVO ~e cpWTelvee emypoltpee OTIe nAaTcpop~ee) TEAOe unopxel KOI TO 8pound ~0 KOlvTi e xprOTJ e TTle i~lOe ypal-l~T]e ana ypTiyopo umpOOTlKO Ka l mo opyo npooOTloKO Tpevo (nepishym wOTJ n pwTTl e cpaOTJe MevI~iou-Olvol1 C ) nou ov ~ev OVTI~eTwmOTei KaTOAAl1AO OOOV ocpopa Til pu8 ~IOTJ TTle KUKAocpopioe ~nopei va exel KOTOOTPOCPIKpoundlt o ushyvenelee Ylo TTlv a~lOmoTia KOl KOVOVIKOTTlTO ~po~oshyAoy iwv TOOO TWV um poOTIKWV TOXeIWV 000 Kat TWV n poaOTIOKWV Tpevwv LTO Avvol3epo Ylo nopo~elYlla onou 11 un epoOTIKT] OI~l1pO~pO~IKTi Kivl10TJ exel nposhyTePOlOTTlTO oe OXtOTJ Ile TTlv npOOmIOKT] TO npoJ3Al1shy

38 TexvlKo XPOVlKO loUA-ALly1993

~a aUTO eixe aav auvenela TO eva npoaOTLOKo Tpevo OTa MKa va elval 6 ti neplaaonpa Aemo Ka9uOTepnshy~evo Kal va ~nv unoPxel TaKTlKoTTlTa Kal aKptpela OTa ~po~oMYla Kat Tle xpovoanOOToaele ~eTO~U TWV aupshy~wv (KaTOOTaan anapMeKTTl nou ~e au~paivel ae OAshyAa yep~avlKO S-Bahn)

o opyavla~oe A9tivae ~a~1 ~e TOV OIE npow90uv Tle oxeTlKte ~eAiTee Yla TO ~eMoVTlKO npoaOTlaKO Ol~npO~pO~lKO ~iKTUO A9tivae-ATTlKre Kat txouv nposhyeKTI~tiaEI OTl TO auvoAIKO KOOTOe TWV analTou~evwv tpywv 9a avtAgel ae 100 ~la ~PX Yla 220 XIAlo~eTpa ypa~~re nepinou (~e uno~o~r nAeKTpOKivnan aushyvapTJ o~IKa epya KAn) Ano aUTO Ta 55 ~la neplnou apopouv TTlv avapo9~lan TWV unepaOTlKwv a~ovwv A9tivae-Koplv90u A9tivae-Olvone nou OUTWe TJ aAshyAWe 9a ylvel auvenwe TO emnAtov KOOTOe 9a avtAshy8el ae 45 ~la (evw TO Tpoxalo UAlKO nou 9a analTTlgel exel npoeKTl~nget aE 12 ~la ~PX TI~te 1992)

To oplaKo an~eio enopKElae TOU aOTlKou xwpou TTle eupuTepne A9rvae nou nivel va e~avTAngel Ka9we Kat TJ nAeovEKTlKti auv9tiKn ~eTaKlvTJane eVTOe auTTie ~e Ol~TJpMpo~o (AOyW alP EVOe ~ev TTle o~IKi)e au~shypOPTJane alP eTepou ~E TOU ~IKPOU eupOue KaTOATJshyIJITJe Yla nOAAanMalo TTle O~ou ~eTapopIKO epyo ae oxean Kal ~e TTl ~eyaATJ a~ia TTle aOTIKre YTJe) elval 01 paalKonpol MyOI nou aUVTptxouV Yla TTlv ul0geTTlshyan evoe ~oVTeAou ~eTaltpopwv paala~tvou OTO OAOshyKATJPW~eVO aUOTfl~a ~tawv OTagepTJe TpOXlae Toao anapaiTTlTOU Yla TTlv unoj3a9~la~evTJ neplj3aMovTIKO npwnuouaa ITO napial TO aUOTfl~a TWV npoaOTlashyKWV Tpevwv ~laKlvei Ka9n~eplvo 1000000 empoTee nepinou nou lao~uva~ouv ~e ~eTapopIKr lKaVoTTlTa 9000 Aewpopeiwv evw 01 1000 npoaOTlaKol emposhyTee TO AEmo nou e~unnpeTouae TO 1985 0 OTa9~oe Sain Lazare 9a xpelo~ovTav EvaMaKTlKO eva aUTOKl-

vnTMpo~o 40 Awpi~wv Yla e~unnptTTlan laoMva~TJe 0~1Ki)e npoaneAaane rt aUTO 01 rOMOI Atve (1985) xapaKTTlPIOTIKO OTl (nav evae O~TJyoe Kep~i~eTal ashyno TTl Jla~IKTJ aUYKolvwvia ~nopouv va avapATJ80uv 0shy~IKO epya 25000 yaAAtKwV PpOYKWV

Aev unopxel Aomov neptaaoTEpo 0pIOTfl Man ano TTl auv~uaa~tvn avomu~n TOU aOTIKOU Kat TOU npoashyOTlaKOU Ol~npO~po~ou ETOl 9a opyavw9e1 KaMTEshypa TJ ~eMOVTIKi) E~eAI~TJ TTle nOATJe Kal 9a aU~TJ90uv 01 oxeaele TTJe ~e TTJV eupunpTJ neptltpepela TTle ashypOU 01 ~eTaKlvOU~EVOI ~e 9a xpelO~ETal va nepl~eshyvouv Tte oupee TWV e8VlKWV o~wv KaTa TIe wpee Kat ~epee alx~tie evw napoMTJAa 9a ~elWVeTal ~ aUTO TOV Tpono Kat TJ laquoelaayo~evTJ punavan TOU neplpaxshyAOVTOe

1 Tables and figure accompanying remarks - Lawrence Dahms (Cal Trans Com 1985) 2 Reseau Ferre Suisse 1985 3 Meaa OTa8epi)e TpOxIOe - PIA - 1984 yxon 4 IUOTfl~a MeTaltpopwv - EI~IKi) MeAeTTJ - 1983 yxon 5 Great Cities and their Traffic - IM Thomson 1977 6 Modern Trains - P Dynn 1985 7 Can Rail save the city - Peter Hall and Carmen Hass - Klan 1985 8 Janes Urban Transport Systems 1985 9 =evoe neplo~IKOe al~npo~PO~IKOe TunOe 10 Transportl su ferro a Napoli Situazione e Prosshypettive 11 The Hamburg Transport Community - HVY 1981 12 TeXVIKO Kal AeITOUPYIKO xapaKTnpIOTlKO aUOTnshy~OTWV eAaltppou ~ETPO - ~la npOTaan Yla TTl 8wlvlKn - Baa npOpUAAi~ne 1977

39 IOUAmiddotAuy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

nAPAPTHMA

~

~

II II

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w laquo I f i 1 ~ ~ ltI ~ middotW 0 I0 ~ ~ middot i middot middotW II middot middot ~ Z

middot middotbull

f f t

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t 0 t t

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40 TEXVIKG XpOVIKG loui-AUy1993

MEIO ITA6EPH I TPOXIAI

AEOcPOPEIO

METEniBIBAIH Ano IX

v )======

IX~J1a 2 fpaJ1J1ec J1eowv OTaBep~c rpoXlC1C - rpoltpoOOTtKc1 Aewltpopela - axryJ1aTtK~ napouoiaory

41 IOllA-M y 1993 TpoundXVIKO XPOVIKO

I I Kayo aOTI RorrpoaanQKO rpivo OTry peary eAeufJepryc AeWfJ Opou

nivcKa c 1 E~EAl~ll em~aTlK~~ KivllollC oTll ypall ll~ Ae~va-XaAKioa

-12

11

L V

cr cl I-shy

-0 10cl t cl

~ 0 Ie 09 cl

i I

V V~08

I 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

niVQKac 1 2 3 LTOlXEia aqJopwVTa Tl1V EnlXE lp116poundioa ana TO 1978 ov a(l oe ~lOTl TTlC ypal-IIl~C A6i)v0c-XOXKilioC ~pound moxoTllv poundshy

~unTl pbTlon TTl C npOaOTlOIltl C Kivl1onc (nllYTt DIE)

42 TEXVIKQ XpaVIKQ lauX-Auy_ 1993

65

cr w

0 60co E w 0

a 55 w 1 0 -s gtlt 50

~

~

V

~ 1 ~ 0 w

45

v ~ L

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

LTJl-leooOT1 H ancrrol-lll QVO~OC TO 1979 0IPElETal OTTJV QuE1l0TJ TllC OUXVOTllTac TOOV ~pollooyioov

~

58 -V -56

0 a

w 1

i

0 54-s gtlt ~

52

~V 50

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

43 IOUAmiddotAUy 1993 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO

niVaKac xapaKTIlPlOllKWV 6lacpOpWV npOaOTlaKWV Ol61lP06pOlllKWV 6lKTUWV OlOV KOOIlO (Ololxeia 1985)

A B r A E IT

Ovollo noA~~ nA~BuOIIO~ Tio~ npooonoKou 016110U M~KO~ AOyoc XAII 611mJou ova XpovoonOaroo~ OUPllcdV 6106pOIIWV nA~BuoIIO 100000 KaToiKwv

npamp~OIXII~~ EKT~OIXII~~

lAbpoundAa~a 952100 Bapue npoaonaKOe m15llolt 152km 1595 20 30

2 BapKpoundAwVll 1800000 EAacppult npoaOTatbllolt 43 km(xwpilt 238 3 4W oAOKA~pwOllIlpound aUOTlllla IlETPO OTolxtia ylO AENFE)

3 AVOT BpoundPOAivo 1200000 S-bahn llpoundpIKampe ypallllamplt 177km 1475 2 KOIVte Ilpound umpaOT Tpiva

4lIuT BpoundpoAivo 1900000 S-bahn Tunou npoundpuppoundptlaKou 834 km 438 10 IlpoundTPO shy OAOKA~pWOIllle aOTIKo aUaTIllla IlpoundTPO

5 BipVll 200000 EAacppUe npoaOT m15l1l0e 63km 315 15-30 15-60 Ilt Tpoqlob Atwqloptia

6 BoVVll 285000 BA KOAwvia

7 Bpu~tAAtlt 1160000 Bapult npoaOT a115l1l0e OAOKA~ (tuptia pWOIlIlpound IlpoundTPOll1pallpoundTPO

npoundplox~)

8 BoubanEOTI1 2100000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt OAOKA~- 98km 466 pWOIlIlpound Tpall

9 Mnouevoc Auppoundlt 9000000 Bapult npaaOT mblllOlt Opound 137 km (I1AtKshy 152 (poundupeia ypallllElt KOIVie Ilt ump Tppoundva TPOKIVI1IlpoundVO TIl~lla)

ntplox~)

10 KCllpo 83000000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt apound nUKV~ pound~u-YPOJllltlt KOtVtlt Ilpound ump TPtvO llPpoundTI101l lITlllloupyio vtou blKTUOU (K(ITW npoundplcppoundptloKOU IlpoundTpO TWV 15)

11 KaAKouTa 10000000 Bopult npooOT m15lllOC apound EKTtTollEVO 15iKTUO nUK~ t~u-(euptia YPOJlllilt KOIVElt Ilpound unep Tpiva llPiTI101l

mplox~) (KCITfIl TWV 15)

12 IU(flYO 3000000 Bopult npoaOT m15llolt IlpoundPIKElt 695km 2316 nu~pound~u-YPOJlIlpoundlt KOIVEe 11pound umpoOT llPpoundTI101l TpEva Kal ypallllElt Tunou (KOTW Interurbanraquo TWV 10)

13 KOAwvio 1285000 EAacppu IlpoundTPO (LAT) Kal ypallshy 9O6km 705 15 30 (pound~poundT~poundTOIIlO~i (OlbUo IlEe Tunou tAOCPPOU Interurbanraquo Ilt BOvvl1) nOAtle) ntplqlpoundppoundIOKOIlpoundTPO (S-Bahn) Yno Kashy (Ilpound TO Vto

uno bl1lltoupyia OAoKMpwOIl TaaKpoundu~ S-bahn OAWV TWV aUaTllIlOTwV 156km 199)

(aUVOAO 2466)

14 lIoupAivo 1020000 Bopult npoaOT m15lllOC 36km 352 3 (Ktshy 15 auvi5uaOllEvo I1AtKTpoKiVl1TOlt VTPlK~ KOt i511~poundAOKivI1TOlt (0Ttlt Ilashy ~WVl1) Kplmppoundlt ampa15p) 6npoo-

OTlaK~

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

38 TexvlKo XPOVlKO loUA-ALly1993

~a aUTO eixe aav auvenela TO eva npoaOTLOKo Tpevo OTa MKa va elval 6 ti neplaaonpa Aemo Ka9uOTepnshy~evo Kal va ~nv unoPxel TaKTlKoTTlTa Kal aKptpela OTa ~po~oMYla Kat Tle xpovoanOOToaele ~eTO~U TWV aupshy~wv (KaTOOTaan anapMeKTTl nou ~e au~paivel ae OAshyAa yep~avlKO S-Bahn)

o opyavla~oe A9tivae ~a~1 ~e TOV OIE npow90uv Tle oxeTlKte ~eAiTee Yla TO ~eMoVTlKO npoaOTlaKO Ol~npO~pO~lKO ~iKTUO A9tivae-ATTlKre Kat txouv nposhyeKTI~tiaEI OTl TO auvoAIKO KOOTOe TWV analTou~evwv tpywv 9a avtAgel ae 100 ~la ~PX Yla 220 XIAlo~eTpa ypa~~re nepinou (~e uno~o~r nAeKTpOKivnan aushyvapTJ o~IKa epya KAn) Ano aUTO Ta 55 ~la neplnou apopouv TTlv avapo9~lan TWV unepaOTlKwv a~ovwv A9tivae-Koplv90u A9tivae-Olvone nou OUTWe TJ aAshyAWe 9a ylvel auvenwe TO emnAtov KOOTOe 9a avtAshy8el ae 45 ~la (evw TO Tpoxalo UAlKO nou 9a analTTlgel exel npoeKTl~nget aE 12 ~la ~PX TI~te 1992)

To oplaKo an~eio enopKElae TOU aOTlKou xwpou TTle eupuTepne A9rvae nou nivel va e~avTAngel Ka9we Kat TJ nAeovEKTlKti auv9tiKn ~eTaKlvTJane eVTOe auTTie ~e Ol~TJpMpo~o (AOyW alP EVOe ~ev TTle o~IKi)e au~shypOPTJane alP eTepou ~E TOU ~IKPOU eupOue KaTOATJshyIJITJe Yla nOAAanMalo TTle O~ou ~eTapopIKO epyo ae oxean Kal ~e TTl ~eyaATJ a~ia TTle aOTIKre YTJe) elval 01 paalKonpol MyOI nou aUVTptxouV Yla TTlv ul0geTTlshyan evoe ~oVTeAou ~eTaltpopwv paala~tvou OTO OAOshyKATJPW~eVO aUOTfl~a ~tawv OTagepTJe TpOXlae Toao anapaiTTlTOU Yla TTlv unoj3a9~la~evTJ neplj3aMovTIKO npwnuouaa ITO napial TO aUOTfl~a TWV npoaOTlashyKWV Tpevwv ~laKlvei Ka9n~eplvo 1000000 empoTee nepinou nou lao~uva~ouv ~e ~eTapopIKr lKaVoTTlTa 9000 Aewpopeiwv evw 01 1000 npoaOTlaKol emposhyTee TO AEmo nou e~unnpeTouae TO 1985 0 OTa9~oe Sain Lazare 9a xpelo~ovTav EvaMaKTlKO eva aUTOKl-

vnTMpo~o 40 Awpi~wv Yla e~unnptTTlan laoMva~TJe 0~1Ki)e npoaneAaane rt aUTO 01 rOMOI Atve (1985) xapaKTTlPIOTIKO OTl (nav evae O~TJyoe Kep~i~eTal ashyno TTl Jla~IKTJ aUYKolvwvia ~nopouv va avapATJ80uv 0shy~IKO epya 25000 yaAAtKwV PpOYKWV

Aev unopxel Aomov neptaaoTEpo 0pIOTfl Man ano TTl auv~uaa~tvn avomu~n TOU aOTIKOU Kat TOU npoashyOTlaKOU Ol~npO~po~ou ETOl 9a opyavw9e1 KaMTEshypa TJ ~eMOVTIKi) E~eAI~TJ TTle nOATJe Kal 9a aU~TJ90uv 01 oxeaele TTJe ~e TTJV eupunpTJ neptltpepela TTle ashypOU 01 ~eTaKlvOU~EVOI ~e 9a xpelO~ETal va nepl~eshyvouv Tte oupee TWV e8VlKWV o~wv KaTa TIe wpee Kat ~epee alx~tie evw napoMTJAa 9a ~elWVeTal ~ aUTO TOV Tpono Kat TJ laquoelaayo~evTJ punavan TOU neplpaxshyAOVTOe

1 Tables and figure accompanying remarks - Lawrence Dahms (Cal Trans Com 1985) 2 Reseau Ferre Suisse 1985 3 Meaa OTa8epi)e TpOxIOe - PIA - 1984 yxon 4 IUOTfl~a MeTaltpopwv - EI~IKi) MeAeTTJ - 1983 yxon 5 Great Cities and their Traffic - IM Thomson 1977 6 Modern Trains - P Dynn 1985 7 Can Rail save the city - Peter Hall and Carmen Hass - Klan 1985 8 Janes Urban Transport Systems 1985 9 =evoe neplo~IKOe al~npo~PO~IKOe TunOe 10 Transportl su ferro a Napoli Situazione e Prosshypettive 11 The Hamburg Transport Community - HVY 1981 12 TeXVIKO Kal AeITOUPYIKO xapaKTnpIOTlKO aUOTnshy~OTWV eAaltppou ~ETPO - ~la npOTaan Yla TTl 8wlvlKn - Baa npOpUAAi~ne 1977

39 IOUAmiddotAuy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

nAPAPTHMA

~

~

II II

~

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middot middotbull

f f t

I I

f I i ~

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z

a Ii bull [J ~ 0 shy

-ashy 0

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0

3

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00

~ S-crt

2shyQ)

~ 3

b

t 0 t t

60 0 tt gtlt

40 TEXVIKG XpOVIKG loui-AUy1993

MEIO ITA6EPH I TPOXIAI

AEOcPOPEIO

METEniBIBAIH Ano IX

v )======

IX~J1a 2 fpaJ1J1ec J1eowv OTaBep~c rpoXlC1C - rpoltpoOOTtKc1 Aewltpopela - axryJ1aTtK~ napouoiaory

41 IOllA-M y 1993 TpoundXVIKO XPOVIKO

I I Kayo aOTI RorrpoaanQKO rpivo OTry peary eAeufJepryc AeWfJ Opou

nivcKa c 1 E~EAl~ll em~aTlK~~ KivllollC oTll ypall ll~ Ae~va-XaAKioa

-12

11

L V

cr cl I-shy

-0 10cl t cl

~ 0 Ie 09 cl

i I

V V~08

I 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

niVQKac 1 2 3 LTOlXEia aqJopwVTa Tl1V EnlXE lp116poundioa ana TO 1978 ov a(l oe ~lOTl TTlC ypal-IIl~C A6i)v0c-XOXKilioC ~pound moxoTllv poundshy

~unTl pbTlon TTl C npOaOTlOIltl C Kivl1onc (nllYTt DIE)

42 TEXVIKQ XpaVIKQ lauX-Auy_ 1993

65

cr w

0 60co E w 0

a 55 w 1 0 -s gtlt 50

~

~

V

~ 1 ~ 0 w

45

v ~ L

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

LTJl-leooOT1 H ancrrol-lll QVO~OC TO 1979 0IPElETal OTTJV QuE1l0TJ TllC OUXVOTllTac TOOV ~pollooyioov

~

58 -V -56

0 a

w 1

i

0 54-s gtlt ~

52

~V 50

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

43 IOUAmiddotAUy 1993 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO

niVaKac xapaKTIlPlOllKWV 6lacpOpWV npOaOTlaKWV Ol61lP06pOlllKWV 6lKTUWV OlOV KOOIlO (Ololxeia 1985)

A B r A E IT

Ovollo noA~~ nA~BuOIIO~ Tio~ npooonoKou 016110U M~KO~ AOyoc XAII 611mJou ova XpovoonOaroo~ OUPllcdV 6106pOIIWV nA~BuoIIO 100000 KaToiKwv

npamp~OIXII~~ EKT~OIXII~~

lAbpoundAa~a 952100 Bapue npoaonaKOe m15llolt 152km 1595 20 30

2 BapKpoundAwVll 1800000 EAacppult npoaOTatbllolt 43 km(xwpilt 238 3 4W oAOKA~pwOllIlpound aUOTlllla IlETPO OTolxtia ylO AENFE)

3 AVOT BpoundPOAivo 1200000 S-bahn llpoundpIKampe ypallllamplt 177km 1475 2 KOIVte Ilpound umpaOT Tpiva

4lIuT BpoundpoAivo 1900000 S-bahn Tunou npoundpuppoundptlaKou 834 km 438 10 IlpoundTPO shy OAOKA~pWOIllle aOTIKo aUaTIllla IlpoundTPO

5 BipVll 200000 EAacppUe npoaOT m15l1l0e 63km 315 15-30 15-60 Ilt Tpoqlob Atwqloptia

6 BoVVll 285000 BA KOAwvia

7 Bpu~tAAtlt 1160000 Bapult npoaOT a115l1l0e OAOKA~ (tuptia pWOIlIlpound IlpoundTPOll1pallpoundTPO

npoundplox~)

8 BoubanEOTI1 2100000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt OAOKA~- 98km 466 pWOIlIlpound Tpall

9 Mnouevoc Auppoundlt 9000000 Bapult npaaOT mblllOlt Opound 137 km (I1AtKshy 152 (poundupeia ypallllElt KOIVie Ilt ump Tppoundva TPOKIVI1IlpoundVO TIl~lla)

ntplox~)

10 KCllpo 83000000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt apound nUKV~ pound~u-YPOJllltlt KOtVtlt Ilpound ump TPtvO llPpoundTI101l lITlllloupyio vtou blKTUOU (K(ITW npoundplcppoundptloKOU IlpoundTpO TWV 15)

11 KaAKouTa 10000000 Bopult npooOT m15lllOC apound EKTtTollEVO 15iKTUO nUK~ t~u-(euptia YPOJlllilt KOIVElt Ilpound unep Tpiva llPiTI101l

mplox~) (KCITfIl TWV 15)

12 IU(flYO 3000000 Bopult npoaOT m15llolt IlpoundPIKElt 695km 2316 nu~pound~u-YPOJlIlpoundlt KOIVEe 11pound umpoOT llPpoundTI101l TpEva Kal ypallllElt Tunou (KOTW Interurbanraquo TWV 10)

13 KOAwvio 1285000 EAacppu IlpoundTPO (LAT) Kal ypallshy 9O6km 705 15 30 (pound~poundT~poundTOIIlO~i (OlbUo IlEe Tunou tAOCPPOU Interurbanraquo Ilt BOvvl1) nOAtle) ntplqlpoundppoundIOKOIlpoundTPO (S-Bahn) Yno Kashy (Ilpound TO Vto

uno bl1lltoupyia OAoKMpwOIl TaaKpoundu~ S-bahn OAWV TWV aUaTllIlOTwV 156km 199)

(aUVOAO 2466)

14 lIoupAivo 1020000 Bopult npoaOT m15lllOC 36km 352 3 (Ktshy 15 auvi5uaOllEvo I1AtKTpoKiVl1TOlt VTPlK~ KOt i511~poundAOKivI1TOlt (0Ttlt Ilashy ~WVl1) Kplmppoundlt ampa15p) 6npoo-

OTlaK~

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

39 IOUAmiddotAuy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

nAPAPTHMA

~

~

II II

~

w laquo I f i 1 ~ ~ ltI ~ middotW 0 I0 ~ ~ middot i middot middotW II middot middot ~ Z

middot middotbull

f f t

I I

f I i ~

Ii I 0

z

a Ii bull [J ~ 0 shy

-ashy 0

~

t ~

f-cr Sshy

0

3

~ cr 0 sshyshyt cr

00

~ S-crt

2shyQ)

~ 3

b

t 0 t t

60 0 tt gtlt

40 TEXVIKG XpOVIKG loui-AUy1993

MEIO ITA6EPH I TPOXIAI

AEOcPOPEIO

METEniBIBAIH Ano IX

v )======

IX~J1a 2 fpaJ1J1ec J1eowv OTaBep~c rpoXlC1C - rpoltpoOOTtKc1 Aewltpopela - axryJ1aTtK~ napouoiaory

41 IOllA-M y 1993 TpoundXVIKO XPOVIKO

I I Kayo aOTI RorrpoaanQKO rpivo OTry peary eAeufJepryc AeWfJ Opou

nivcKa c 1 E~EAl~ll em~aTlK~~ KivllollC oTll ypall ll~ Ae~va-XaAKioa

-12

11

L V

cr cl I-shy

-0 10cl t cl

~ 0 Ie 09 cl

i I

V V~08

I 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

niVQKac 1 2 3 LTOlXEia aqJopwVTa Tl1V EnlXE lp116poundioa ana TO 1978 ov a(l oe ~lOTl TTlC ypal-IIl~C A6i)v0c-XOXKilioC ~pound moxoTllv poundshy

~unTl pbTlon TTl C npOaOTlOIltl C Kivl1onc (nllYTt DIE)

42 TEXVIKQ XpaVIKQ lauX-Auy_ 1993

65

cr w

0 60co E w 0

a 55 w 1 0 -s gtlt 50

~

~

V

~ 1 ~ 0 w

45

v ~ L

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

LTJl-leooOT1 H ancrrol-lll QVO~OC TO 1979 0IPElETal OTTJV QuE1l0TJ TllC OUXVOTllTac TOOV ~pollooyioov

~

58 -V -56

0 a

w 1

i

0 54-s gtlt ~

52

~V 50

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

43 IOUAmiddotAUy 1993 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO

niVaKac xapaKTIlPlOllKWV 6lacpOpWV npOaOTlaKWV Ol61lP06pOlllKWV 6lKTUWV OlOV KOOIlO (Ololxeia 1985)

A B r A E IT

Ovollo noA~~ nA~BuOIIO~ Tio~ npooonoKou 016110U M~KO~ AOyoc XAII 611mJou ova XpovoonOaroo~ OUPllcdV 6106pOIIWV nA~BuoIIO 100000 KaToiKwv

npamp~OIXII~~ EKT~OIXII~~

lAbpoundAa~a 952100 Bapue npoaonaKOe m15llolt 152km 1595 20 30

2 BapKpoundAwVll 1800000 EAacppult npoaOTatbllolt 43 km(xwpilt 238 3 4W oAOKA~pwOllIlpound aUOTlllla IlETPO OTolxtia ylO AENFE)

3 AVOT BpoundPOAivo 1200000 S-bahn llpoundpIKampe ypallllamplt 177km 1475 2 KOIVte Ilpound umpaOT Tpiva

4lIuT BpoundpoAivo 1900000 S-bahn Tunou npoundpuppoundptlaKou 834 km 438 10 IlpoundTPO shy OAOKA~pWOIllle aOTIKo aUaTIllla IlpoundTPO

5 BipVll 200000 EAacppUe npoaOT m15l1l0e 63km 315 15-30 15-60 Ilt Tpoqlob Atwqloptia

6 BoVVll 285000 BA KOAwvia

7 Bpu~tAAtlt 1160000 Bapult npoaOT a115l1l0e OAOKA~ (tuptia pWOIlIlpound IlpoundTPOll1pallpoundTPO

npoundplox~)

8 BoubanEOTI1 2100000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt OAOKA~- 98km 466 pWOIlIlpound Tpall

9 Mnouevoc Auppoundlt 9000000 Bapult npaaOT mblllOlt Opound 137 km (I1AtKshy 152 (poundupeia ypallllElt KOIVie Ilt ump Tppoundva TPOKIVI1IlpoundVO TIl~lla)

ntplox~)

10 KCllpo 83000000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt apound nUKV~ pound~u-YPOJllltlt KOtVtlt Ilpound ump TPtvO llPpoundTI101l lITlllloupyio vtou blKTUOU (K(ITW npoundplcppoundptloKOU IlpoundTpO TWV 15)

11 KaAKouTa 10000000 Bopult npooOT m15lllOC apound EKTtTollEVO 15iKTUO nUK~ t~u-(euptia YPOJlllilt KOIVElt Ilpound unep Tpiva llPiTI101l

mplox~) (KCITfIl TWV 15)

12 IU(flYO 3000000 Bopult npoaOT m15llolt IlpoundPIKElt 695km 2316 nu~pound~u-YPOJlIlpoundlt KOIVEe 11pound umpoOT llPpoundTI101l TpEva Kal ypallllElt Tunou (KOTW Interurbanraquo TWV 10)

13 KOAwvio 1285000 EAacppu IlpoundTPO (LAT) Kal ypallshy 9O6km 705 15 30 (pound~poundT~poundTOIIlO~i (OlbUo IlEe Tunou tAOCPPOU Interurbanraquo Ilt BOvvl1) nOAtle) ntplqlpoundppoundIOKOIlpoundTPO (S-Bahn) Yno Kashy (Ilpound TO Vto

uno bl1lltoupyia OAoKMpwOIl TaaKpoundu~ S-bahn OAWV TWV aUaTllIlOTwV 156km 199)

(aUVOAO 2466)

14 lIoupAivo 1020000 Bopult npoaOT m15lllOC 36km 352 3 (Ktshy 15 auvi5uaOllEvo I1AtKTpoKiVl1TOlt VTPlK~ KOt i511~poundAOKivI1TOlt (0Ttlt Ilashy ~WVl1) Kplmppoundlt ampa15p) 6npoo-

OTlaK~

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

40 TEXVIKG XpOVIKG loui-AUy1993

MEIO ITA6EPH I TPOXIAI

AEOcPOPEIO

METEniBIBAIH Ano IX

v )======

IX~J1a 2 fpaJ1J1ec J1eowv OTaBep~c rpoXlC1C - rpoltpoOOTtKc1 Aewltpopela - axryJ1aTtK~ napouoiaory

41 IOllA-M y 1993 TpoundXVIKO XPOVIKO

I I Kayo aOTI RorrpoaanQKO rpivo OTry peary eAeufJepryc AeWfJ Opou

nivcKa c 1 E~EAl~ll em~aTlK~~ KivllollC oTll ypall ll~ Ae~va-XaAKioa

-12

11

L V

cr cl I-shy

-0 10cl t cl

~ 0 Ie 09 cl

i I

V V~08

I 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

niVQKac 1 2 3 LTOlXEia aqJopwVTa Tl1V EnlXE lp116poundioa ana TO 1978 ov a(l oe ~lOTl TTlC ypal-IIl~C A6i)v0c-XOXKilioC ~pound moxoTllv poundshy

~unTl pbTlon TTl C npOaOTlOIltl C Kivl1onc (nllYTt DIE)

42 TEXVIKQ XpaVIKQ lauX-Auy_ 1993

65

cr w

0 60co E w 0

a 55 w 1 0 -s gtlt 50

~

~

V

~ 1 ~ 0 w

45

v ~ L

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

LTJl-leooOT1 H ancrrol-lll QVO~OC TO 1979 0IPElETal OTTJV QuE1l0TJ TllC OUXVOTllTac TOOV ~pollooyioov

~

58 -V -56

0 a

w 1

i

0 54-s gtlt ~

52

~V 50

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

43 IOUAmiddotAUy 1993 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO

niVaKac xapaKTIlPlOllKWV 6lacpOpWV npOaOTlaKWV Ol61lP06pOlllKWV 6lKTUWV OlOV KOOIlO (Ololxeia 1985)

A B r A E IT

Ovollo noA~~ nA~BuOIIO~ Tio~ npooonoKou 016110U M~KO~ AOyoc XAII 611mJou ova XpovoonOaroo~ OUPllcdV 6106pOIIWV nA~BuoIIO 100000 KaToiKwv

npamp~OIXII~~ EKT~OIXII~~

lAbpoundAa~a 952100 Bapue npoaonaKOe m15llolt 152km 1595 20 30

2 BapKpoundAwVll 1800000 EAacppult npoaOTatbllolt 43 km(xwpilt 238 3 4W oAOKA~pwOllIlpound aUOTlllla IlETPO OTolxtia ylO AENFE)

3 AVOT BpoundPOAivo 1200000 S-bahn llpoundpIKampe ypallllamplt 177km 1475 2 KOIVte Ilpound umpaOT Tpiva

4lIuT BpoundpoAivo 1900000 S-bahn Tunou npoundpuppoundptlaKou 834 km 438 10 IlpoundTPO shy OAOKA~pWOIllle aOTIKo aUaTIllla IlpoundTPO

5 BipVll 200000 EAacppUe npoaOT m15l1l0e 63km 315 15-30 15-60 Ilt Tpoqlob Atwqloptia

6 BoVVll 285000 BA KOAwvia

7 Bpu~tAAtlt 1160000 Bapult npoaOT a115l1l0e OAOKA~ (tuptia pWOIlIlpound IlpoundTPOll1pallpoundTPO

npoundplox~)

8 BoubanEOTI1 2100000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt OAOKA~- 98km 466 pWOIlIlpound Tpall

9 Mnouevoc Auppoundlt 9000000 Bapult npaaOT mblllOlt Opound 137 km (I1AtKshy 152 (poundupeia ypallllElt KOIVie Ilt ump Tppoundva TPOKIVI1IlpoundVO TIl~lla)

ntplox~)

10 KCllpo 83000000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt apound nUKV~ pound~u-YPOJllltlt KOtVtlt Ilpound ump TPtvO llPpoundTI101l lITlllloupyio vtou blKTUOU (K(ITW npoundplcppoundptloKOU IlpoundTpO TWV 15)

11 KaAKouTa 10000000 Bopult npooOT m15lllOC apound EKTtTollEVO 15iKTUO nUK~ t~u-(euptia YPOJlllilt KOIVElt Ilpound unep Tpiva llPiTI101l

mplox~) (KCITfIl TWV 15)

12 IU(flYO 3000000 Bopult npoaOT m15llolt IlpoundPIKElt 695km 2316 nu~pound~u-YPOJlIlpoundlt KOIVEe 11pound umpoOT llPpoundTI101l TpEva Kal ypallllElt Tunou (KOTW Interurbanraquo TWV 10)

13 KOAwvio 1285000 EAacppu IlpoundTPO (LAT) Kal ypallshy 9O6km 705 15 30 (pound~poundT~poundTOIIlO~i (OlbUo IlEe Tunou tAOCPPOU Interurbanraquo Ilt BOvvl1) nOAtle) ntplqlpoundppoundIOKOIlpoundTPO (S-Bahn) Yno Kashy (Ilpound TO Vto

uno bl1lltoupyia OAoKMpwOIl TaaKpoundu~ S-bahn OAWV TWV aUaTllIlOTwV 156km 199)

(aUVOAO 2466)

14 lIoupAivo 1020000 Bopult npoaOT m15lllOC 36km 352 3 (Ktshy 15 auvi5uaOllEvo I1AtKTpoKiVl1TOlt VTPlK~ KOt i511~poundAOKivI1TOlt (0Ttlt Ilashy ~WVl1) Kplmppoundlt ampa15p) 6npoo-

OTlaK~

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

41 IOllA-M y 1993 TpoundXVIKO XPOVIKO

I I Kayo aOTI RorrpoaanQKO rpivo OTry peary eAeufJepryc AeWfJ Opou

nivcKa c 1 E~EAl~ll em~aTlK~~ KivllollC oTll ypall ll~ Ae~va-XaAKioa

-12

11

L V

cr cl I-shy

-0 10cl t cl

~ 0 Ie 09 cl

i I

V V~08

I 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

niVQKac 1 2 3 LTOlXEia aqJopwVTa Tl1V EnlXE lp116poundioa ana TO 1978 ov a(l oe ~lOTl TTlC ypal-IIl~C A6i)v0c-XOXKilioC ~pound moxoTllv poundshy

~unTl pbTlon TTl C npOaOTlOIltl C Kivl1onc (nllYTt DIE)

42 TEXVIKQ XpaVIKQ lauX-Auy_ 1993

65

cr w

0 60co E w 0

a 55 w 1 0 -s gtlt 50

~

~

V

~ 1 ~ 0 w

45

v ~ L

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

LTJl-leooOT1 H ancrrol-lll QVO~OC TO 1979 0IPElETal OTTJV QuE1l0TJ TllC OUXVOTllTac TOOV ~pollooyioov

~

58 -V -56

0 a

w 1

i

0 54-s gtlt ~

52

~V 50

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

43 IOUAmiddotAUy 1993 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO

niVaKac xapaKTIlPlOllKWV 6lacpOpWV npOaOTlaKWV Ol61lP06pOlllKWV 6lKTUWV OlOV KOOIlO (Ololxeia 1985)

A B r A E IT

Ovollo noA~~ nA~BuOIIO~ Tio~ npooonoKou 016110U M~KO~ AOyoc XAII 611mJou ova XpovoonOaroo~ OUPllcdV 6106pOIIWV nA~BuoIIO 100000 KaToiKwv

npamp~OIXII~~ EKT~OIXII~~

lAbpoundAa~a 952100 Bapue npoaonaKOe m15llolt 152km 1595 20 30

2 BapKpoundAwVll 1800000 EAacppult npoaOTatbllolt 43 km(xwpilt 238 3 4W oAOKA~pwOllIlpound aUOTlllla IlETPO OTolxtia ylO AENFE)

3 AVOT BpoundPOAivo 1200000 S-bahn llpoundpIKampe ypallllamplt 177km 1475 2 KOIVte Ilpound umpaOT Tpiva

4lIuT BpoundpoAivo 1900000 S-bahn Tunou npoundpuppoundptlaKou 834 km 438 10 IlpoundTPO shy OAOKA~pWOIllle aOTIKo aUaTIllla IlpoundTPO

5 BipVll 200000 EAacppUe npoaOT m15l1l0e 63km 315 15-30 15-60 Ilt Tpoqlob Atwqloptia

6 BoVVll 285000 BA KOAwvia

7 Bpu~tAAtlt 1160000 Bapult npoaOT a115l1l0e OAOKA~ (tuptia pWOIlIlpound IlpoundTPOll1pallpoundTPO

npoundplox~)

8 BoubanEOTI1 2100000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt OAOKA~- 98km 466 pWOIlIlpound Tpall

9 Mnouevoc Auppoundlt 9000000 Bapult npaaOT mblllOlt Opound 137 km (I1AtKshy 152 (poundupeia ypallllElt KOIVie Ilt ump Tppoundva TPOKIVI1IlpoundVO TIl~lla)

ntplox~)

10 KCllpo 83000000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt apound nUKV~ pound~u-YPOJllltlt KOtVtlt Ilpound ump TPtvO llPpoundTI101l lITlllloupyio vtou blKTUOU (K(ITW npoundplcppoundptloKOU IlpoundTpO TWV 15)

11 KaAKouTa 10000000 Bopult npooOT m15lllOC apound EKTtTollEVO 15iKTUO nUK~ t~u-(euptia YPOJlllilt KOIVElt Ilpound unep Tpiva llPiTI101l

mplox~) (KCITfIl TWV 15)

12 IU(flYO 3000000 Bopult npoaOT m15llolt IlpoundPIKElt 695km 2316 nu~pound~u-YPOJlIlpoundlt KOIVEe 11pound umpoOT llPpoundTI101l TpEva Kal ypallllElt Tunou (KOTW Interurbanraquo TWV 10)

13 KOAwvio 1285000 EAacppu IlpoundTPO (LAT) Kal ypallshy 9O6km 705 15 30 (pound~poundT~poundTOIIlO~i (OlbUo IlEe Tunou tAOCPPOU Interurbanraquo Ilt BOvvl1) nOAtle) ntplqlpoundppoundIOKOIlpoundTPO (S-Bahn) Yno Kashy (Ilpound TO Vto

uno bl1lltoupyia OAoKMpwOIl TaaKpoundu~ S-bahn OAWV TWV aUaTllIlOTwV 156km 199)

(aUVOAO 2466)

14 lIoupAivo 1020000 Bopult npoaOT m15lllOC 36km 352 3 (Ktshy 15 auvi5uaOllEvo I1AtKTpoKiVl1TOlt VTPlK~ KOt i511~poundAOKivI1TOlt (0Ttlt Ilashy ~WVl1) Kplmppoundlt ampa15p) 6npoo-

OTlaK~

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

42 TEXVIKQ XpaVIKQ lauX-Auy_ 1993

65

cr w

0 60co E w 0

a 55 w 1 0 -s gtlt 50

~

~

V

~ 1 ~ 0 w

45

v ~ L

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

LTJl-leooOT1 H ancrrol-lll QVO~OC TO 1979 0IPElETal OTTJV QuE1l0TJ TllC OUXVOTllTac TOOV ~pollooyioov

~

58 -V -56

0 a

w 1

i

0 54-s gtlt ~

52

~V 50

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982

43 IOUAmiddotAUy 1993 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO

niVaKac xapaKTIlPlOllKWV 6lacpOpWV npOaOTlaKWV Ol61lP06pOlllKWV 6lKTUWV OlOV KOOIlO (Ololxeia 1985)

A B r A E IT

Ovollo noA~~ nA~BuOIIO~ Tio~ npooonoKou 016110U M~KO~ AOyoc XAII 611mJou ova XpovoonOaroo~ OUPllcdV 6106pOIIWV nA~BuoIIO 100000 KaToiKwv

npamp~OIXII~~ EKT~OIXII~~

lAbpoundAa~a 952100 Bapue npoaonaKOe m15llolt 152km 1595 20 30

2 BapKpoundAwVll 1800000 EAacppult npoaOTatbllolt 43 km(xwpilt 238 3 4W oAOKA~pwOllIlpound aUOTlllla IlETPO OTolxtia ylO AENFE)

3 AVOT BpoundPOAivo 1200000 S-bahn llpoundpIKampe ypallllamplt 177km 1475 2 KOIVte Ilpound umpaOT Tpiva

4lIuT BpoundpoAivo 1900000 S-bahn Tunou npoundpuppoundptlaKou 834 km 438 10 IlpoundTPO shy OAOKA~pWOIllle aOTIKo aUaTIllla IlpoundTPO

5 BipVll 200000 EAacppUe npoaOT m15l1l0e 63km 315 15-30 15-60 Ilt Tpoqlob Atwqloptia

6 BoVVll 285000 BA KOAwvia

7 Bpu~tAAtlt 1160000 Bapult npoaOT a115l1l0e OAOKA~ (tuptia pWOIlIlpound IlpoundTPOll1pallpoundTPO

npoundplox~)

8 BoubanEOTI1 2100000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt OAOKA~- 98km 466 pWOIlIlpound Tpall

9 Mnouevoc Auppoundlt 9000000 Bapult npaaOT mblllOlt Opound 137 km (I1AtKshy 152 (poundupeia ypallllElt KOIVie Ilt ump Tppoundva TPOKIVI1IlpoundVO TIl~lla)

ntplox~)

10 KCllpo 83000000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt apound nUKV~ pound~u-YPOJllltlt KOtVtlt Ilpound ump TPtvO llPpoundTI101l lITlllloupyio vtou blKTUOU (K(ITW npoundplcppoundptloKOU IlpoundTpO TWV 15)

11 KaAKouTa 10000000 Bopult npooOT m15lllOC apound EKTtTollEVO 15iKTUO nUK~ t~u-(euptia YPOJlllilt KOIVElt Ilpound unep Tpiva llPiTI101l

mplox~) (KCITfIl TWV 15)

12 IU(flYO 3000000 Bopult npoaOT m15llolt IlpoundPIKElt 695km 2316 nu~pound~u-YPOJlIlpoundlt KOIVEe 11pound umpoOT llPpoundTI101l TpEva Kal ypallllElt Tunou (KOTW Interurbanraquo TWV 10)

13 KOAwvio 1285000 EAacppu IlpoundTPO (LAT) Kal ypallshy 9O6km 705 15 30 (pound~poundT~poundTOIIlO~i (OlbUo IlEe Tunou tAOCPPOU Interurbanraquo Ilt BOvvl1) nOAtle) ntplqlpoundppoundIOKOIlpoundTPO (S-Bahn) Yno Kashy (Ilpound TO Vto

uno bl1lltoupyia OAoKMpwOIl TaaKpoundu~ S-bahn OAWV TWV aUaTllIlOTwV 156km 199)

(aUVOAO 2466)

14 lIoupAivo 1020000 Bopult npoaOT m15lllOC 36km 352 3 (Ktshy 15 auvi5uaOllEvo I1AtKTpoKiVl1TOlt VTPlK~ KOt i511~poundAOKivI1TOlt (0Ttlt Ilashy ~WVl1) Kplmppoundlt ampa15p) 6npoo-

OTlaK~

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

43 IOUAmiddotAUy 1993 TEXVIKO XPOVIKO

niVaKac xapaKTIlPlOllKWV 6lacpOpWV npOaOTlaKWV Ol61lP06pOlllKWV 6lKTUWV OlOV KOOIlO (Ololxeia 1985)

A B r A E IT

Ovollo noA~~ nA~BuOIIO~ Tio~ npooonoKou 016110U M~KO~ AOyoc XAII 611mJou ova XpovoonOaroo~ OUPllcdV 6106pOIIWV nA~BuoIIO 100000 KaToiKwv

npamp~OIXII~~ EKT~OIXII~~

lAbpoundAa~a 952100 Bapue npoaonaKOe m15llolt 152km 1595 20 30

2 BapKpoundAwVll 1800000 EAacppult npoaOTatbllolt 43 km(xwpilt 238 3 4W oAOKA~pwOllIlpound aUOTlllla IlETPO OTolxtia ylO AENFE)

3 AVOT BpoundPOAivo 1200000 S-bahn llpoundpIKampe ypallllamplt 177km 1475 2 KOIVte Ilpound umpaOT Tpiva

4lIuT BpoundpoAivo 1900000 S-bahn Tunou npoundpuppoundptlaKou 834 km 438 10 IlpoundTPO shy OAOKA~pWOIllle aOTIKo aUaTIllla IlpoundTPO

5 BipVll 200000 EAacppUe npoaOT m15l1l0e 63km 315 15-30 15-60 Ilt Tpoqlob Atwqloptia

6 BoVVll 285000 BA KOAwvia

7 Bpu~tAAtlt 1160000 Bapult npoaOT a115l1l0e OAOKA~ (tuptia pWOIlIlpound IlpoundTPOll1pallpoundTPO

npoundplox~)

8 BoubanEOTI1 2100000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt OAOKA~- 98km 466 pWOIlIlpound Tpall

9 Mnouevoc Auppoundlt 9000000 Bapult npaaOT mblllOlt Opound 137 km (I1AtKshy 152 (poundupeia ypallllElt KOIVie Ilt ump Tppoundva TPOKIVI1IlpoundVO TIl~lla)

ntplox~)

10 KCllpo 83000000 Bapult npoaOT o115l1l0lt apound nUKV~ pound~u-YPOJllltlt KOtVtlt Ilpound ump TPtvO llPpoundTI101l lITlllloupyio vtou blKTUOU (K(ITW npoundplcppoundptloKOU IlpoundTpO TWV 15)

11 KaAKouTa 10000000 Bopult npooOT m15lllOC apound EKTtTollEVO 15iKTUO nUK~ t~u-(euptia YPOJlllilt KOIVElt Ilpound unep Tpiva llPiTI101l

mplox~) (KCITfIl TWV 15)

12 IU(flYO 3000000 Bopult npoaOT m15llolt IlpoundPIKElt 695km 2316 nu~pound~u-YPOJlIlpoundlt KOIVEe 11pound umpoOT llPpoundTI101l TpEva Kal ypallllElt Tunou (KOTW Interurbanraquo TWV 10)

13 KOAwvio 1285000 EAacppu IlpoundTPO (LAT) Kal ypallshy 9O6km 705 15 30 (pound~poundT~poundTOIIlO~i (OlbUo IlEe Tunou tAOCPPOU Interurbanraquo Ilt BOvvl1) nOAtle) ntplqlpoundppoundIOKOIlpoundTPO (S-Bahn) Yno Kashy (Ilpound TO Vto

uno bl1lltoupyia OAoKMpwOIl TaaKpoundu~ S-bahn OAWV TWV aUaTllIlOTwV 156km 199)

(aUVOAO 2466)

14 lIoupAivo 1020000 Bopult npoaOT m15lllOC 36km 352 3 (Ktshy 15 auvi5uaOllEvo I1AtKTpoKiVl1TOlt VTPlK~ KOt i511~poundAOKivI1TOlt (0Ttlt Ilashy ~WVl1) Kplmppoundlt ampa15p) 6npoo-

OTlaK~

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

44 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy1993

1S ~payKQlOUP1TJ 600000 namppUpamppampaKOIlampTPO (S-bahn) SypallllampC nUKVIi amp~U--oAoKAlipwOIlIlE TpalJllRT TII1PampTlOll

(KaTW TWV 1S)

16 rAaOKWPl BOOooo Bapuc npoaOT OIampIl0C OIJvliuashy 437km 5462 nUKVIi E~U-O(Iampva lAmpOKivlroltshy TII1phlOll lil~EAoKivlTOlt (KOTW

TWV 1S)

17 KWVOTQVTlVounoAl Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt 70km lluKVIi amp~U-KOlVampC IlE unEpaOl Tpeva ampnEKTEIshy TtrJPiTlOll

Tal aMa (KOTW 58km TWv3O)

18 Aovlilvo Bapult npoaOT OIampIlOlt OE ypallllelt oEanoshy nUKVIi amp~U- 20-30 KOlVfC IlE unEpaOl TpampVa OlaOll TtrJphlOll (0amp OPlshy-OAoKA~pwOTlIlE IlETpO 100 km KaTa (KaTW O(IampVElt

Il~KOCoAwv TWV 10) ypallllampC Twvypallllwv unoPXEl nou OIJyKAIshy 24ooPl KU-

VOUVOlO KAocpopa) Aovlilvo

19 Mavxalll 302000 EAacppult npoaOl OIampIlOlt Tunou laquoInterurban LRT 78km 2S82 S-2O 30-60

20 MEP0UPVl1 2900000 Bapult npoaOl OIlillOlt (EV 310km 1068 nUKVIi E~U-IlEPEI aav nEpuj)EpElaKo TII1Pamp1TJOIl IlETpO) (KaTw

TWV 10)

21 MlAovo 1600000 Bapuc npoaOl OIampIlOlt OE ypallllampC KOlVtlt IlE UnEp TPampva Yno KaTaOKEu~ nampplcpIlETpOIlE unoYampla lileAEuOIl1TJlt naATJlt middotAVE~aPTlTOlt npoaOl ollillOlt MtAavou - Boppa tnpoaOl TPOXlOlipOIl0C

22 Moaxa Bapuc npoaOl OlampIl0C OE KOlvelt ypallllflt liE UnEp Tptva

23 Movaxo 1300000 nEplcp IlampTPO (S-bahn) 412km 3169 20 (OTOV 40 unoYElo KampVTPlKO

KOPIlO 2-3)

24 NanoAI 1980000 tBapuC npaaOl OampIlOlt KOlV0C (Eupela IlE UnEp Tptva IlE xapaKnipa

nEplax~) IlTJTponoAlTlK~C E~UTII1Pt1TJOI1C OlO unoYElo KEVTPlKO T~lla tAVamp~tiP1TJTEC ypallllampC npooOl oilillWV (Circumvesuviana Alifana KAn)

25 NlouapKi 2000000 Bapult npoaOl OIampIlOlt 808km 304 Nlou~tPOI (EupEla

nampplo~)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

45 IOUA-AUy1993 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG

260~oKa 2648000 Bapult npoaOT 016110lt AVE~ap- To 1111 KPaTlshyTI1T11 Vpallllr -interurbanraquo KoliiKTUO

191 km

2700Ao 800000 Bapult npoaOT OIliIllolt lit 894km 1117 nuKVrj E~U-IIEPIKIi avallt~ OTI1v umpaOT (aUvoAo TtI1 peTllOlJ olliKr KUKA Kat aVE~QpTl1TO Twv2 (0TI1 vpall-namppUpEpamplaKOIIampTpO 6IKTUWV) lIrmpup -oAOKAJpWOlJ 11amp LRT IlSTPO IIampTpO

KaTIll TIIlV 10)

28 napiOi 10000000 nEpUpEpElaKO IItTpO (RER) RER 274 km 1033 2-3 15-20 (Eupda IUIIPaTIKQ npoaOT TptVO Banlien 759 km (0amp KOlVO (KEVTPIKrj

nampploxli) (trains de banlien shy SNCF) (ouvoAo UnOVampIO ~WVI1) OE KOlvee vpallllee IIE ump 1033 km) KOPIIO) Tptvo shy OAOKAJpWOIJ IIE 7lhr 10 30 OOTIKOlltTpO KOI AtIllCPOpampia (KEVTp (moe

~WVTl) ~WVI1e) 15 (moe

KEVTp ~WVI1e)

29 nEp9 952000 Bapue npooOT 0I61I0e 64km 672 15

30 ~LAa6tAqIampla 4000000 BapUc npooOT OIliIlloe 416km 104 10-30 30-60 (EUpampia

nampp1oxri)

31 PClIV-POUP 7300000 EAoqlpue npooOT OIlillloe (LRT) nkm 106 LRT 10 (16 nOAampIe) nEplqlamppEIOKOIIampTPO (S-bahn) (OUVOAIKQ) S-bahn 20 S-bahn 30

32 Pio lavtlpo 10000000 Bopue npooOT ollilloe 380km 38 3

33 PWIlI1 2900000 EAaqlpult npoaOT OIliIIIOlt (3 VPOllllee ACOTRAL) Bopult npooOT ClliIlloe TWV FS 0amp KOlvte vpallllpoundlt liE unampp Tpevo shy OAOKArpIllOllIlamp aOT 0UYKOIVWVitlt

34 Iav ~povoloKo 2500000 nEplqlEpampIOKO IIETPO OUTO- 115km 46 4 OToCBD 5OTOCBD (Euptla (BART) (vuxra 20)

nEploxr)

35ITOKXOAIII1 Bapult npooOT ClliIIIOlt 1196 km nuKVrj amp~U-TWV KpOT CllilllwV Kal avamp~ (auvoAlKo) PpoundTIlOlJ TomKO otlil1PolipolIOI (KaTIll

TWV 20)

36 ITOUTYKaplil1 564000 nEplqlEpElaKo IItTpO (S-bahn) shy OAOKAJPWOTIIIE 20 40 TpOlI1 LRT

37 IulivampO 3332000 Bopult npooOT 0I61I0e nou 489km 1467 nUKVr E~U-6laKIVampi TO 44 TlllvouvoAIshy nnpampTl101J KWV I1I1EprjClwv TO~lliIWV lie ltI (KOTW

TIIlV 20)

38 TOKUO Bapue npooOT Clli1I0e 565km 4 (oPWlltveeVPOIlIltc KOlvte (1I0VO 11 IIE unEpoOT Tpevo) KampVTplJ(rj

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

46 TexvIKc XPOVIKC loUA-Auy 1993

~ltOV1)

39 TOPOVTO 2800000 Bapuc npoaOT 01ampjl0C 341 km 1217 nUKvtl t~U-TtIlPETI10ll

(KCiTW Twv25)

40 BlEVVl 1500000 ntpllptpttaKojltTp0l3apuc 205km 1569 3112 7112 npoaOT mampjlOC (Schnellbahn) (Schnellbahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn) TWV OBB npoaOT TPOXlOshy 304km bpoJloC WLB - OAOKAliPWOIl (TpOXlOshyjlamp JlampTPO Tpajl Aampwcp lipojlOlt

interurshyban) 2354 km

(ouv)

41 AjlpouPVO 2440000 nampplcpamppamplaKO jlETPO 7vpajljlEc 5 (S-bahn) (ampuptia (S-bahn) S-bahn

nampploxri) Bapuc OUjlp npoaOT mliJloc 3vpajljlEc -OAOKAripwOll JIamp (JampTPO KAn oUI1P np

luVOAmiddotjlriKOC (jla~i jlamp jlampTpO)

3113km

42 NEa VOPK1 12000000 luvbUaOjlEVO aOTIKoshy 3630 3025 npoaOTlOKoliiKTUO jlamp papu olb1p06pojlo

43ZupiXl 560000 Bapuc npoaOT mlljloc avashy 370km 7410 K09ampvpajl- KC9ampvpaJlshy(tuptia pa9jll~ojlampVOC at (S-bahn) VEO jlri 30 jlri 30

mptoxril Kat tnampKTamptVOJlampVOC (S-bahn) (S-bahn) (S-bahn 45km (OTa KampVTp aVTiOToIshy

npoaOT Kat Tomdc (TomKoi Tjlrijlmiddot) xa onwc CltAacpptcraquo ollilPOlipojltKEC ampAacppoi lTOVKoIshy liirtAa) (TpOXIObP) vpajljlEc OtampjlOl KOI vouno - oAoKAripwOlljlt TP0jl TPOXtO- VampIO KOPshy

lipOjlOl) jlO nUKvoshy K09t 415km Ttpa(24 20-30 Ot ouvoA oupjloll TOlllKpoundC

ltopa) laquoampAaltPptCraquo rp Ruppershy Vpa(JjlpoundC

swill ojloiwC

Klti9amp 10 01 TOlllKEC laquotAaltPPECraquo

VpajIJIpoundC

44 A9riva 3600000 Hvpajljlti XaAKiliac lit 26km 072 3YZ(OTO 10 (TO (tupampia 9ampWptlTaljlamp Ta OlljlampPIVO KtVTPIKO ililo)

nampplOxri) liampOOjlEva npoaOTlaKocraquo TjlriJla) AVTi9ampTa 1lrt0pOUjlamp oav Tholo va 9ampwpriooUjlamp TIl vpaJljlri HlAn ntlpatOshyK1CPlmoc (tv IJpoundPEIOjlWC VlaTi OTI1V npayJlaTlKOTl1Ta I1pootbIO~amp1 0amp JIampTpO)

l1]jlEiwOll Vnapxouv Kal aAAEc noMEC noAEIC nou txouv nou PEATtWVOUV nou KaTaOKtUa~ouv ri ampnampKTampivQuv rtpoaOTliiKTuO aMa bEV avocptpoVTal Ebw VIa btacpopouc AbyouC (nx tAAEltjJl OTOtXEiwv)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

47 loUA-AUy1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

TtXVIKa-ApoundITOUPYIKa xapaKTIJPIOTIKa JltCJWV OTaetp~C TpOXlac

Rapid rail Tram-) Light raUb) U-Bahn S-Bahn

Right of way Shared I Not shared Shared Mainly Not Not (Public transport not shared shared Individual transport) shared

Average 10-20 20-30 30-40 45-60 Speed kmhr

Highest possible speed kmhr 50-70 60-80 -80 -120

Security system Visual As trams Automated Automated observation but signal signal some signal stronger system system support signal

supportC)

Efficiency (passengers per hour and direction - 15000 20000 30000 60000 average value)

Passengers per train 250 500 750 1500

Width of train (m) 220-240 240-265 265-290 280-300

Length of train (m) 70 70-100 130 200

Headway (seconds) 60 90 90 90

Minimum curvature (m) 25 180 180 180

Platform height (m) -040 -095 090-110 038-110

a) Many tram systems have been converted to run on their own right-of-way b) May have at-grade crossings with streets c) Total signal support in tunnel sections

Source Bundesminister fOr Verkehr (1982) Kriterien der Bahnarten des 6ffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (internal memorandum)

48 TeXVlKG XpOVIKG louX-Ally1993

ALtUMUHtltfl

MAI5ACH

N=Iof--~

~

shyshy

H - HAUPT BAHNHOF K - KARlSPLATZ

M- MARIENPLATZ

0-05T8A

--~==~~~rt=~-( ( l ~~~-~==i~J

Gua~~ I

1tHRSCHINJ I

r5 bWlllNG

S[~~ Sgt

KOlhuftCHtN --- shy

- U-Bahn - shy S-Bahn -- shy other railways

Central area stations

illabove below ground ~ ground

hMbullbullm 11laquo

----~--~~--~---~r_~~~~ I

U-Sahn

Ul

U3

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51 52 5J 54

OUWW1I1O

--fL - --~-~~I _ ---~- - -~

]1 55 S6 57 SI1 527

IXr7po 3 Movoxo Iuvouoopivo aUOTT7IlO OOTIKOU perpo (U-Bahn) KOt rrpOoortoKOU (S-Bahn)

49 IOUh-My1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

(~i t~ IsectIE -8sect25

II I~tic

E-=1IIIDII

III

)

~ III

I

yen te

f

IXr7jJa 4 AjJf3oupyo IuvouaojJiva oiKrua jJsrpo (U-8ahn) Kat rrpOaOnaKOU UlOT]pOOpOJJOU (S-8ahn)

49 IOUh-My1993 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO

(~i t~ IsectIE -8sect25

II I~tic

E-=1IIIDII

III

)

~ III

I

yen te

f

IXr7jJa 4 AjJf3oupyo IuvouaojJiva oiKrua jJsrpo (U-8ahn) Kat rrpOaOnaKOU UlOT]pOOpOJJOU (S-8ahn)

50 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO IOUA-AUy1993

i

lin FS Ii C T L

u~ Ii mtropolita

IIWllltshy

- middot_middot_ _ f041

bull

IXr7pam 56 LliKwa peawv OTa8epr7crpoXtc1C (perpo rrpoaanaKO Kat aanKO rpevo rwv KpanKWV atOTJPOOPOPWV Aomec rrpoaOTtaKec ypappec) OTTJ PWPTJ Kat 0 am8poc Ostiense

(STAZIONE TERMINI ROMAI TOMH B N EampA 011

F S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PIAZZA CINQUECENTO

AlAe

eSJlCOT~ rPAdlEIA ynHPEJIEJ

EntnEllD rHl

EKllOTHPIA hi ETPO

UNEA B OiTlA uoo

- OTTAVIANO ANAGNINAKATEY9NJH KATE

ANAXIlAitH CEHTOCELLE GROTE CELOMI PANTANOFIUGGI

o cmiddot gt

raquo cmiddot f ~ (J)

~ ~ ~ Q X

0 o lt ~ Q

IXillJo 7 IUYKOlVWVlOKO Kevrpo Stazione Termini rTlC PWPTlC IuarTlPo ovranoKpia8wv 01

--

52 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO IOUA-Auy 1993

==-shy

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OSTI A LI DO EOI netaO rH[

AtTlKA EllClOPIA ATAC TPAM bullbullbull I

vnorElo TtoIHMA METRO ACOUAL

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npOAn TpENO OIlIA2

[IAHp rpAMM FS SERY URBANO

TAPIS fOULAHT (KYIIOMEOOJ TAnHII

bull [TAelMOI METRO

o TepMINAfI TPAM

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AtlETH PI A fI A ROMA TRASTEVERE OUIA

ROMA

TeRMINIFS ISERVltlO URBANO s

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cp

PAOLO

AOETHPIA

EUR LAURENTIHA MAGLIAHA LIDO 01 OSTIA

OST I A ~ LIDO 01

IXr1JlC 8 IUYKOIVWVICKOC KOJlPOC Ostiense (Roma)

(STAZIONE TERMINI ROMAI TOMH B N EampA 011

F S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PIAZZA CINQUECENTO

AlAe

eSJlCOT~ rPAdlEIA ynHPEJIEJ

EntnEllD rHl

EKllOTHPIA hi ETPO

UNEA B OiTlA uoo

- OTTAVIANO ANAGNINAKATEY9NJH KATE

ANAXIlAitH CEHTOCELLE GROTE CELOMI PANTANOFIUGGI

o cmiddot gt

raquo cmiddot f ~ (J)

~ ~ ~ Q X

0 o lt ~ Q

IXillJo 7 IUYKOlVWVlOKO Kevrpo Stazione Termini rTlC PWPTlC IuarTlPo ovranoKpia8wv 01

--

52 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO IOUA-Auy 1993

==-shy

TPENA

OSTI A LI DO EOI netaO rH[

AtTlKA EllClOPIA ATAC TPAM bullbullbull I

vnorElo TtoIHMA METRO ACOUAL

En ICIAM II-- I

npOAn TpENO OIlIA2

[IAHp rpAMM FS SERY URBANO

TAPIS fOULAHT (KYIIOMEOOJ TAnHII

bull [TAelMOI METRO

o TepMINAfI TPAM

1reg PARK I NG

~ TEpMINAfI

~eTR 0

PORTA ~ SAN pAOLO~

AtlETH PI A fI A ROMA TRASTEVERE OUIA

ROMA

TeRMINIFS ISERVltlO URBANO s

T

FS

cp

PAOLO

AOETHPIA

EUR LAURENTIHA MAGLIAHA LIDO 01 OSTIA

OST I A ~ LIDO 01

IXr1JlC 8 IUYKOIVWVICKOC KOJlPOC Ostiense (Roma)

--

52 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO IOUA-Auy 1993

==-shy

TPENA

OSTI A LI DO EOI netaO rH[

AtTlKA EllClOPIA ATAC TPAM bullbullbull I

vnorElo TtoIHMA METRO ACOUAL

En ICIAM II-- I

npOAn TpENO OIlIA2

[IAHp rpAMM FS SERY URBANO

TAPIS fOULAHT (KYIIOMEOOJ TAnHII

bull [TAelMOI METRO

o TepMINAfI TPAM

1reg PARK I NG

~ TEpMINAfI

~eTR 0

PORTA ~ SAN pAOLO~

AtlETH PI A fI A ROMA TRASTEVERE OUIA

ROMA

TeRMINIFS ISERVltlO URBANO s

T

FS

cp

PAOLO

AOETHPIA

EUR LAURENTIHA MAGLIAHA LIDO 01 OSTIA

OST I A ~ LIDO 01

IXr1JlC 8 IUYKOIVWVICKOC KOJlPOC Ostiense (Roma)

53 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVIKcl XPOVIKcl

BB

IXr1pa 9 Ixelgtlo auroKlvl1rapaEac (l1A8KrpoKivl1rl1C) rrpoaarlaKwv ouppwv rcuv KparlKwv IIOl1Pooposhypcuv IraAiac (FS)

IXr1pa 10 IxeolO 18uvrl1piou OXr1parOC (f3ayOVI pe xelplarr1PIO 00r1Y11011C Yla lgtuvarOrl7ra avaarpoqgtrje rropeiae eAKOpevOu ouppOU xcupie eAlypOUe) To OXTJpa auro XP110lporroleral yta rrpoashyarlaKa rpeva paKplvwv arroaraoecuv oe urrl7peoia laquopendotareraquo arro roue KpaTlKOUe IIOI7shypolgtpopoue IraAiae (FS)

54 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy 1993

Xaprl7C ouv6uooIJevoU ouarrlJoroc npOOarlOKOU Kat IJSrpO (S-bahn Kat U-bahn) arl7v SUpS[O nsploxr Blevvl7C

55 IOUA-Auy1 993 TeXVIKcl XPOVIKO

E1Kovec OTTO TO TTPOOaTlOKO TpeVO T1JC Blevv1JC (SchneJlbahn)

56 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy 1993

~r~r~ colbull~~ JJJ ~~ ~

I I r-

=--ti - shy t= fltf l f~Oiiiipound

57 IOUA-AUy 1993 TeXVlKQ XPOVlKO

I

) ---=-=--- -- -~~ ~ -

ETTaVW nwc 17rav TTpwra SYKOTOASASIJ1J1ivoC 0 aroBJ1oc Hemss J110C Korapywivl7 C YPOJ1J1r7C 0Tr Blivshy

V Karw n wc eYlve Ot7J1SPO 0 i610C aroBJ1oc TTOU 17 YPOJ1J1t7 STTOVOASLTOUPY170s KQl ovo3oBJ1iOTrKE as

Schnellbshn

58 TampXVIKG XPOVIKcl IOUA-Auy 1993

npOOOTlOKOC B levvT]C

59 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

54 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy 1993

Xaprl7C ouv6uooIJevoU ouarrlJoroc npOOarlOKOU Kat IJSrpO (S-bahn Kat U-bahn) arl7v SUpS[O nsploxr Blevvl7C

55 IOUA-Auy1 993 TeXVIKcl XPOVIKO

E1Kovec OTTO TO TTPOOaTlOKO TpeVO T1JC Blevv1JC (SchneJlbahn)

56 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy 1993

~r~r~ colbull~~ JJJ ~~ ~

I I r-

=--ti - shy t= fltf l f~Oiiiipound

57 IOUA-AUy 1993 TeXVlKQ XPOVlKO

I

) ---=-=--- -- -~~ ~ -

ETTaVW nwc 17rav TTpwra SYKOTOASASIJ1J1ivoC 0 aroBJ1oc Hemss J110C Korapywivl7 C YPOJ1J1r7C 0Tr Blivshy

V Karw n wc eYlve Ot7J1SPO 0 i610C aroBJ1oc TTOU 17 YPOJ1J1t7 STTOVOASLTOUPY170s KQl ovo3oBJ1iOTrKE as

Schnellbshn

58 TampXVIKG XPOVIKcl IOUA-Auy 1993

npOOOTlOKOC B levvT]C

59 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

55 IOUA-Auy1 993 TeXVIKcl XPOVIKO

E1Kovec OTTO TO TTPOOaTlOKO TpeVO T1JC Blevv1JC (SchneJlbahn)

56 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy 1993

~r~r~ colbull~~ JJJ ~~ ~

I I r-

=--ti - shy t= fltf l f~Oiiiipound

57 IOUA-AUy 1993 TeXVlKQ XPOVlKO

I

) ---=-=--- -- -~~ ~ -

ETTaVW nwc 17rav TTpwra SYKOTOASASIJ1J1ivoC 0 aroBJ1oc Hemss J110C Korapywivl7 C YPOJ1J1r7C 0Tr Blivshy

V Karw n wc eYlve Ot7J1SPO 0 i610C aroBJ1oc TTOU 17 YPOJ1J1t7 STTOVOASLTOUPY170s KQl ovo3oBJ1iOTrKE as

Schnellbshn

58 TampXVIKG XPOVIKcl IOUA-Auy 1993

npOOOTlOKOC B levvT]C

59 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

56 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO IOUA-AUy 1993

~r~r~ colbull~~ JJJ ~~ ~

I I r-

=--ti - shy t= fltf l f~Oiiiipound

57 IOUA-AUy 1993 TeXVlKQ XPOVlKO

I

) ---=-=--- -- -~~ ~ -

ETTaVW nwc 17rav TTpwra SYKOTOASASIJ1J1ivoC 0 aroBJ1oc Hemss J110C Korapywivl7 C YPOJ1J1r7C 0Tr Blivshy

V Karw n wc eYlve Ot7J1SPO 0 i610C aroBJ1oc TTOU 17 YPOJ1J1t7 STTOVOASLTOUPY170s KQl ovo3oBJ1iOTrKE as

Schnellbshn

58 TampXVIKG XPOVIKcl IOUA-Auy 1993

npOOOTlOKOC B levvT]C

59 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

57 IOUA-AUy 1993 TeXVlKQ XPOVlKO

I

) ---=-=--- -- -~~ ~ -

ETTaVW nwc 17rav TTpwra SYKOTOASASIJ1J1ivoC 0 aroBJ1oc Hemss J110C Korapywivl7 C YPOJ1J1r7C 0Tr Blivshy

V Karw n wc eYlve Ot7J1SPO 0 i610C aroBJ1oc TTOU 17 YPOJ1J1t7 STTOVOASLTOUPY170s KQl ovo3oBJ1iOTrKE as

Schnellbshn

58 TampXVIKG XPOVIKcl IOUA-Auy 1993

npOOOTlOKOC B levvT]C

59 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

58 TampXVIKG XPOVIKcl IOUA-Auy 1993

npOOOTlOKOC B levvT]C

59 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

59 IOUA-Auy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

60 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-Auy1993

STmiddot QUENTIN E ENmiddotYVELINESYlLL bull

NOUVELLE DE Sf OUENTIN EN YVELINES bullbull

CJIIIII~--~STmiddot LESCHEVREUSE

OOUROAN

MONTIGNYmiddot BEAUCHAMP

)- -)i___ AERO_PORT

DUeOURGET

i ltplusmnl

ROISSYmiddot AEROPORT CHmiddotOEmiddotGAULLE

MITRYmiddot CLAYE

bull VILLE NOUVEUE DE MARNE LVAUeE

JI~-~~eTORCY

BOISSY bullST LEGER

To lliKTUO RER oro napiCJI

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

61 IOUA-Auy 1993 T XVIKO XPOVIKO

naAalOU Tunou aUTOK1VI7T0j1a~a npoaorlaKou OI0I7POOp0j10U KOAwviac-Bovvl7C (KBE) AVTlKaraoro8I7Kl ana Oxt7j1ara LRT

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

62 TeXVIKO XPOVIKO loUA-AUy 1993

npOOCJTIOKOC eAocppoc oI611Po6poJJoC neploxllC KoAwvioC

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO

63 IOUA-Aliy 1993 TeXVlKO XPOVlKO