Mrphpah; gzpNa mwg;gzp mjw;Nf czid mh;g;g zp€¦ · ntw;wp thif #l! tho;j;Jf;fSld; ….. =uhk;...

TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4

ntw;wp cWjp ! TAMIL MATERIALS

ntw;wp cWjp !! 1

ntw;wp cWjp !!!

cq;fis muR mhpaizapy; mkh;j;Jk; xNu epWtdk;

ntw;wp thif #l! tho;j;Jf;fSld; …..

=uhk; Nfhr;rpq; nrd;lH TN.GJf;Fb - Gspaq;Fb KO nkl;Bhpay; njhlh;Gf;F

=uhk; fy;;tp mwf;fl;lis [email protected] nry;: 8678913626

Mrphpah; gzpNa mwg;gzp

mjw;Nf cz;id mh;g;gzp

jkpOf;F njhz;L nra;Njhh; rhtjpy;iy

jkpo; njhz;ld; ghujpjhd; nrj;jJz;Nlh? -mJNghy

fy;tpf;Fk; njhz;L nra;Nthk;

vdJ ,e;j gilg;gpid vdJ flTshd lhf;lh;

rh;tgs;sp uhjhfpU\;dz; mth;fSf;Fk; vdf;F

Kd;khjphpahf jpfOk; Kd;dhs; cr;rePjpkd;w

jiyikePjpgjp gp.rjhrptk; gps;is mth;fSf;F

rkh;gpf;fpNwd;..

,g;gbf;F

epWtdh; ,tphpTiuahsh;fs;

=uhk; Nfhr;rpq; nrd;lh, ; Gspaq;Fb

www.padasalai.net www.trbtnpsc.com

TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 2

ntw;wp cWjp !!!





TNPSC-GR-2

TAMIL-MATERIALS


TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 3

ntw;wp cWjp !!!





khzth;fNs ez;gh;fNs!!

TNPSC Njh;tfis nghWj;jtiu ehk; ek;Kila jha;nkhopahfpa

jkpio njspthf fw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; ntw;wp vd;gJ ek; trkhtj cWjp.

mjpYk; b.vd;.gp.v];.]p ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; jkpopy; gFjp-m, gFjp-M,

gFjp-, vd %d;W gphpTfs; cs;sd mtw;iw KOikahf gbf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j Nghl;b epiwe;j cyfpy; ehk; jkpopy; 90 tpdhf;fs; rhpahFk;

gl;rj;jpy; cWjpahf Ntiy tha;g;G fpilf;Fk MfNt ,e;j

nkl;Bhpiy ed;F gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk;..

(vq;fsJ midj;J Ehy;fSNk Njh;Tfspd; ghlj;jpl;lk;

mbg;gilapy; mike;jJ)

(,e;j Ehypd; KOikahd njhFg;G c l d b a h f

m Q ; r y ; % y k ; n g w Ntz;Lnkdpy; vq;fis njhlh;G

nfhs;syhk;)

xUq;fpizg;ghsh;

=uhk; Nfhr;rpq; nrd;lh;

gukhde;jh eLepiyg;gs;sp

Gspaq;Fb jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk;

nry; :8678913626





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 4

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


md;ghh;e;j khzth;fNs....

vq;fs; epWtdk; jpwikia kl;LNk %yjdkhf itj;J

nray;gLk; epWtdkhFk;. 100 % ntw;wpNa vq;fspd; ,yf;fhFk;

,e;j gilg;gpid jpdKk; KO rpe;jidNahL gbj;jhy; ntw;wp

cWjp.....

vq;fs; tphpTiuahsh;fs; Njh;th;fs; midtUk; ntw;wp ngWk;

Nehf;fj;NjhL ,jid rkh;gpf;fpd;wdh; ,J midj;J tpjkhd

Nghl;bj; Njh;TfSf;Fk; gad;gLk; ,J KOikahd jkpo;

,dpg;Gf;fs; Nghd;W epidtpy; epw;f Ntz;baitfs; .....cq;fspd;

ntw;wpia vq;fspd; %yk; cWjpahf;f =uhk; Nfhr;rpq;

nrd;lUf;F thUq;fs; muRNtiy MizNahL ntspapy;

nry;Yq;fs;

Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngw tho;j;Jf;fs;

ed;wp

tphpTiuahsh; FO

=uhk; Nfhr;rpq; nrd;lh;

tho;j;Jf;fSld;

gp.,uh[ypq;fk; BA.,D.T.Ed.,DCTT

TET Njh;T ngw;w Mrphpah;

xUq;fpizg;ghsh;, =uhk; Nfhr;rpq; nrd;lh;

epWtdh;;, =uhk; fy;tp mwf;fl;lis

8678913626 9543079848





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 5

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


.

1.

ghlj;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; nghUslf;fk;

nghUj;Jjy;

1) nghUj;jkhd nghUisj; Njh;T nra;jy;

2) Gfo;ngw;w E}y; kw;Wk; E}yhrphpah;fs;

2.

njhlUk;> njhlh;Gk; mwpjy;

1) rpwg;Gj; njhlh;fshy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; rhd;Nwhh;fs;

2) milnkhopfshy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; E}y;fs;

3.

gphpj;njOJjy;

4.

vjph;r;nrhy;iy vLj;njOJjy;

5.

nghUe;jhr; nrhy;iyf; fz;lwpjy;

6.

gpioj;jpUj;jk;

1) re;jpg;gpioia ePf;Fjy;

2) xUik – gd;ik gpiofis ePf;Fjy;

3) kuGg;gpiofs;> t#cr; nrhw;fis ePf;Fjy;

4) gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePf;Fjy;

7. Mq;fpyr;nrhy;Yf;F epfuhd jkpo;nrhy;

8. xyp NtWghlwpe;J rhpahd nghUisf; fz;lwpjy;

9. XnuOj;J xU nkhopf;F chpa nghUisf; fz;lwpjy;

10. Nth;r;nrhy;iyj; Njh;T nra;jy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 6

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


11. Nth;r;nrhy;iyf; nfhLj;J tpidKw;W> tpidnar;rk;>

tpidahyizAk; ngah;> njhopw;ngaiu cUthf;Fjy;. 12. mfu thpirg;gb nrhw;fisr; rPh; nra;jy;

13. nrhw;fis xOq;FgLj;jpr; nrhw;nwhlh; Mf;Fjy;

14. ngah;r;nrhy;ypd; tifawpjy;

15. ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;gwpjy;

16. tpilfSf;Nfw;g tpdhitj; Njh;e;njLj;jy;

17. vt;tif thf;fpankdf; fz;nlOJjy;

18. jd;tpid> gpwtpid> nra;tpid> nra;ag;ghl;L tpid

thf;fpaq;fisf; fz;nlOJjy;

19. ctikahy; tpsf;fg;ngWk; nghUj;jkhd nghUis

Njh;e;njOJjy;. 20. Nkhid> vJif> ,iaG ,tw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;iw

Njh; e; njOJjy;.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 7

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


nghUj;Jjy;

,g;gFjpapy; gphpT „m‟ tpy; cs;s 4 nrhw;fSf;F Vw;w rhpahd nghUis gphpT „M‟ tpy; cs;s 4 nrhw;fSf;Fk; nghUj;j Ntz;Lk;.

i) nghUj;jkhd nghUisj; Njh;T nra;jy;.

,jpy; cs;s tpdhf;fs; Njh;thsh;fspd; nghUswpjiy ntspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. vdNt> mt;tpdhf;fSf;F Vw;g ,g;gFjp mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mfk;

mf;fk;

mfit

maph;

mkh;

- cs;sk;

- jhdpak;

- taJ

- $h;ik

- Nghh;

(m)

miz

muq;fk;

mfh;

mis

mhpkh

- gLf;if

- cWg;G

- top

- Nkhh;

- Mz;rpq;fk;

Mjp

- Kjy;

(M) Mf;fk;

- nry;tk;

Mop

Mfk;

Mlfk;

,fy;

,Uk;ig

,fyd;

,d;dh

,e;J

<uk;

<k;

<q;fjph;

- fly;

- cly;

- nghd;

- Nghh;

- ghk;G

- giftd;

- Jd;gk;

- re;jpud;

- md;G

- jz;zPh;

- re;jpud;

(<)

(,)

M

Mtp

M^c

,akd;

,twy;

,Uik

,lh;

,lq;fh;

<l;lk;

<dy;

<fk;

- gR

- caph;

- Mz;

- $w;Wtd;

- kwjp

- ,d;ik> kWik

- Jd;gk;

- Kjiy

- $l;lk;

- fjph;

- re;jdkuk;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 8

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


crh

- Muha;jy;

(c)

cs;sk;

- Cf;fk;> mfk;

cud;

cio

ctif

cfph;

cwo;T

- jpz;zpa

- kPd;

- kfpo;r;rp

- efk;

- gif

mwpT

(C)

ca;T

cz;b

cLf;if

cQ;R

cj;juk;

- tho;f;if

- czT

- Mil

- ca;e;J

- kWnkhop

Cfk;

Cjk;

CU

Cio

Cd;

- ngz;Fuq;F

- ahidf;$l;lk;

- njhil

- gpj;jk;

- ,iwr;rp

(v)

Cq;F

Cij

Cd;Wjy;

Cuhz;ik

- kpFjp

- thilf;fhw

- epiyngWj

- cyfhSk;

;W y;

jd;ik

vl;rj;J

- vz;nza;

vl;lk;

- ePsk;

vopdp - ,Ujpiu vj;jdk; - Kaw;rp

vapy; - muz; vWk;gp - ahid

vopyp - Nkfk; vy; - #hpad;

vopy; - moF vz;zy; - epidj;jy;

vk;gp - jk;gp

Vf;if

- ,fo;r;rp

(V)

Vkyp

- eha;

VWk; - nry;Yk; Vtyh; - gzpahsh;

Vd; - gd;wp Vh;G - vOr;rp

Viz - epiy Vfhh; - Nghfhh;

Ie;jhh;

- gid

(I)

Itdk;

- kiyney;

(x)





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 9

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


xfuk; - kapy;

xa;ay; - nrYj;Jjy;

xf;fiy - ,Lg;G

xUT - ePq;F

xWT

xz;ld;

- tUj;jk;

- ehp

(X)

Xk;gy;

Xuhy;

Xy;fhh;

- cgrhpj;jy;

- ePf;Fjy;

- kdk; jsuhh;

XUk;

Xk;gp

Xk;gfy;

- Muha;e;J

- ghJfhj;J

- fhj;jy;

(xs)

xstpak; - nghwhik xsljk; - kUe;J

(g)

gfh; - xsp gr;rpkk; - Nkw;F

gizak; - <L ghfd; - Gjd;

ghkuk; - %lj;jdk; ghD - #hpad;

gpizay; - khiy gpUFb - GUtk;

gpd;dpiy - topgly; nghj;ij - fly;

nghd;Dyk; - NjtUyfk; G+o; - fhil

Gzh; - Nrh;f;if gpujkk; - Muk;gk;

ngUf - epuk;g gPjd; - Fbg;gtd;

gPs; - fU Gs;sk; - ths;

Nghjd; - fUfd; Ngdk; - Eiu

igAs; - Jd;gk; gjk; - NrhW

gpsp - fs; gpj;ij - kaph;

Gak; - Njhy; Gid - njg;gk;

G+l;if - Fwpf;Nfhs; Gzy; - ePh;

gud; - ,iwtd; ghujp - fiykfs;

gUjp - #hpad; Gfo; - ,ir

gq;fak; - jhkiu ghril - gRikahd ,ir

Gyk; - Gyik nghiw - nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 10

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


400 -

1. (ii) Gfo;ngw;w E}y; kw;Wk; E}yhrphpah;fs;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; ngUk;ghYk; nghUj;Jf tifapYk; Neub

tpdhf;fshfTk; mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gFjpf;Nfw;f Gfo;ngw;w E}y; -

E}yhrphpah;fspd; ngah;fs; vspikahf thpirg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J

gapy;tjw;Fk; vspikahf epidT nfhs;sTk; cjTk;.

gjpndz; Nky;fzf;F E}y;fs; (8+10=18)

vl;Lj;njhif

E}y; njhFj;jth; ghly;fs; njhFg;gpj;jth;

1. ew;wpid cg;G+hpFbf;fpohh; 400 ghz;bad; khwd;

tOjp

2. FWe;njhif cg;G+hpFbf;fpohh; 400 G+hpf;Nfh

3. Iq;FWE}W $lY}h;fpohh; 500 Nrud; ,Uk;nghiw

4. mfehD}W cUj;jpurd;kd; 400 ghz;bad; cf;fpu

ngUtOjp

5. fypj;njhif - 150 -

6. GwehD}W xy;iyA+h;je;j

G+jg;ghz;bad;

7. gjpw;Wg;gj;J - 100 -

8. ghpghly; fUk;gps;isg;G+jdhh; 22 -

gj;Jg;ghl;L

1. jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil - ef;fPuh;

2. nghUeuhw;Wg;gil - Klj;jhkf;fz;zpahh;

3. ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil - cUj;jpuq;fz;zdhh;

4. rpWghzhw;Wg;gil - ey;Y}h; ej;jj;jdhh;

5. kiygLflhk; (m) $j;juhw;Wg;gil - ngUq;nfsrpfdhh;

6. FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L - fgpyh;

7. Ky;iyg;ghl;L - eg;G+jdhh;

8. gl;bdg;ghiy - cUj;jpuq;fz;zdhh;

9. neLey;thil - ef;fPuh;

10. kJiuf;fhQ;rp - khq;Fb kUjdhh;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 11

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


gjpndd; fPo;fzf;F E}y;fs; (11+6+1=18)

mwE}y; - 11.

1. ehybahh; - rkz Kdpth;fs;

2. ehz;kzpf;fbif - tpsk;gp ehfdhh;

3. ,d;dh ehw;gJ - fgpyh;

4. ,dpait ehw;gJ - G+je;Nre;jdhh;

5. jphpfLfk; - ey;yhjdhh;

6. Mrhuf;Nfhit - ngUthapw; Ks;spahh;

7. gonkhop (400) - %d;Wiuaiuadhh;

8. rpWgQ;r%yk; - fhhpahrd;

9. Vyhjp - fzpNkjhtpahh;

10. jpUf;Fws; - jpUts;Sth;

11. KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp - $lY}h; fpohh;

mfE}y; - 6

1. Ie;jpiz Ik;gJ - khwd; nghiwadhh;

2. Ie;jpiz vOgJ - %thjpahh;

3. jpidnkhop Ik;gJ - fz;zd; Nre;jdhh;

4. jpidkhiy E}w;iwk;gJ - fzpNkjhtpahh;

5. fhh; ehw;gJ - fz;zd; $j;jdhh;

6. ife;epiy - Gy;yq;fhldhh;

fk;gh; - ruRtjp me;jhjp

- rlNfhgh; me;jhjp

vd;dhapdhg; Gyth; - Kf;$lw;gs;S

#hpa ehuhaz rh];jphp - &ghtjp

- fyhtjp

- khdtp[ak;

- ehlftpay;

gk;ky; rk;ge;j Kjypahh; - kNdhfuh





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 12

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


- njd;ghz;br; rpq;fk;

- rq;fj;jkpo;

- neQ;Rf;FePjp

n[afhe;jd; - rpy Neuq;fspy; rpy kdpjh;fs;

- cjak;

- xU gpbr;NrhW

- ,dpg;Gk; frg;Gk;

2. njhlUk;> njhlh;Gk; mwpjy;

2.(i) rpwg;Gj; njhlh;fshy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; rhd;Nwhh;fs;

,yf;fpaq;fisg; gilj;Njhh;fisr; rpy rpwg;Gg; ngah;fshy;

miog;gJ jkpo; kuG. jkpowpQh;fspd; rpwg;Gg; ngah;fs; mth;fsJ nray;

kw;Wk; gilg;Gfshy; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; nghJthf Neub tpdhf;fshf

mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjw;Nfw;g jkpowpQh;fspd; rpwg;Gg; ngah;fs; kw;Wk;

mth;fsJ Nkw;Nfhs;fisAk; Njh;T Nehf;fpy; mtrpakhdij

njhFj;Js;Nshk;. vdNt ,tw;iw ed;F gbj;J kdjpy; epWj;jpf;

nfhz;lhy; ,g;gFjpapypUe;J tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F KOikg; ngz;fisAk;

ngw;W tplyhk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;.

rhd;Nwhh; Fwpf;fg;gLk; njhlh;

jpUts;Sth; - nja;tg;Gyth;

- ehd;Kfdhh;

- khjhDgq;fp

- nre;ehg;Nghjh;

- ngUehtyh;

- ngha;apy; Gyth; ehadhh;

- Njth;

- Kjw;ghtyh;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 13

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


,uhkypq;f mbfs; - ts;syhh;

- mbfshh;

jpUehTf;fuR - MSilauR kUs; ePf;fpahh;

- mg;gh;

jpUQhdrk;ge;jh; - MSilag;gps;is

- jpuhtpl rpR

Re;juh; - MSila ek;gp

fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahh; - Ngahh;

fgpyh; - FwpQ;rpf; Nfhkhd;

fk;gd; - ftpr;rf;futh;j;jp

- fy;tpapy; nghpath;

Nrf;fpohh; - njhz;lh; rPh; guTth;

Mz;lhs; - #bf;nfhLj;j Rlh; nfhb

- itztk; je;j nry;tp

gz;bif mryhk;gpif - 20-k; E}w;whz;bd; mt;itahh;

er;rpdhh;f;fpdpah; - cr;rp Nkw;nfhs; Gyth;

ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh; - ghtyh; VW

NjtNeag; ghtzh; - nkhop QhapW

tPuftpuhah; - MRftp

jpU.tp.fy;ahzRe;judhh; - jkpo;j; njd;wy;

- jkpo; Kdpth;

- jkpo; nghpahh;

- njhopyhsh;fspd; je;ij

rp.Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahh; - Njrpa ftp

- tpLjiyf;ftp

- kfhftp

- ghl;Lf;nfhU Gytd;

- GJf;ftpij je;ij

Rg;G ,uj;jpd ghujpjhrd; - ghNte;jh;

- ghujpjhrdhh;

- Gul;rpf;ftpQh;

- ,aw;iff; ftpQh;

- GJikf;ftpQh;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 14

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


c.Nt.rhkpehijah; - jkpo;j;jhj;jh

kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is - etPdf;fk;gh;

GJikg;gpj;jd; - rpWfij kd;dd;

fy;fp ,uh.fpU\;z%h;j;jp - rpWfij je;ij

- tuyhw;W ehtypd;

- je;ij jkpo;ehl;bd; thy;l;lh;

];fhl;

,uhkfpU\;zh;

“ek;gpf;if cs;stdplk; vy;yhk; cz;L

ek;gpf;if ,y;yhjtdplk; xd;Wk; ,y;iy”

tpNtfhde;jh;

“tpop> vO> ntw;wpfpl;Lk; tiu XahNj”

“tpOkpd;> vOkpd; mauhJ ciokpd;”

“Md;kPf gyj;jhy; kl;Lk; ,e;jpah vOr;rpngWk;”

gl;bzj;jbfs;

“xd;nwd;wpU nja;tk; cz;nld;wpU”

fUzhepjp

“kuzk; khtPuDf;F mspf;Fk; kyh;r;nrz;L”

n[ayypjh

“kJtpyf;Fg; Nghhpy; fhty; Jiwapdh; giltPuh;fs;”

2. (ii) milnkhopfshy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; E}y;fs;

nghJthf jkpo; E}y;fspy; mtw;wpd; rpwg;gpw;Nfw;g milnkhop

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. me;j milnkhopfisf; nfhz;Nl ,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs;

mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. rpy tpdhf;fs; E}y;fspy; cs;s rpwg;ghd thpfisf;

nfhLj;Jk; tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd. mjw;Nfw;g fPNo

gl;baypl;Ls;Nshk;. ,tw;iw ed;F njhlh;GgLj;jp gbj;J kdjpy; ,Uj;jpf;

nfhs;sTk;.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 15

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


milnkhopahy; Fwpf;fg;ngWk; E}y;fs;

E}y; milnkhop

mfehD}W - neLe;njhif

GwehD}W - jkpoh; tuyhw;Wf; fsQ;rpak;

- Gwg;ghl;L

- Gwk;

fypj;njhif - fw;wwpe;Njhh; Vj;Jk; njhif

gl;bzg;ghiy - tQ;rpneLk;ghl;L

ntw;wp Ntw;if - eWe;njhif

%Jiu - thf;Fz;lhk;

ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil - ghzhW

kiygLflhk; - $j;juhw;Wg;gil

- ngUq;Fwpr;rp

- fhg;gpag;ghl;L

Ky;iyg;ghl;L - neQ;rhw;Wg;gil

jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil - Gytuhw;Wg;gil

- jkpo;kiw

- nja;tE}y;

- cj;jpuNtjk;

- cyfg;nghJkiw

- thAiw tho;j;J

- Kg;ghy;

- ts;Stg;gad;

- ngha;ahnkhop

gonkhop - KJnkhop

- %Jiu

- cyf trdk;

- gonkhop ehD}W

fk;guhkhazk; - ,uhkfhij

- ,uhktjhuk;

- fk;gehlfk;

- fk;grpj;jpuk;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 16

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy - ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs;

rpyg;gjpfhuk; - %Nte;jh; fhg;gpak;

- rpyk;G

- Kjy; fhg;gpak;

- Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak;

- xw;Wikf;fhg;gpak;

- Njrpa fhg;gpak;

- Kj;jkpo;f;fhg;gpak;

- rKjhaf; fhg;gpak;

- ciuapilapl;l ghl;Lil nra;As;

kzpNkfiy - kzpNkfiy JwT

rPtfrpe;jhkzp - kzE}y;

ngUq;fij - mftw;fhg;gpak;

rpyg;gjpfhuk;

"khrWnghd;Nd tyk;Ghp Kj;Nj

fhrWtpiuNa fUk;Ng NjNd"

"<d;w Foe;ij vLj;J tsh;f;FJ}ck;

rhd;NwhUk; cz;L nfhy; rhd;NwhUk; cz;L nfhy;"

"G+k;Gfhh; Nghw;WJk; G+k;Gfhh; Nghw;WJk;

khkiy Nghw;WJk; khkiy Nghw;WJk;"

"QhapW Nghw;WJk;> QhapW Nghw;WJk;"

jpq;fis Nghw;WJk;> jpq;fis Nghw;WJk;"

"ciurhy; gj;jpdpia cah;e;Njhh; Nghw;WJk;"

"Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;LtJk;"

"murpay; gpioj;Njhh;f;F muz; $w;whtJTk;"





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 17

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


"fs;tidf;Nfhwy; fLq;Nfhyd;W"

"Njuh kd;dh nrg;Gt JilNad;"

"vOnfd ntOe;jha; vd; nra;jid"

"ahNdh murd; ahNd fs;td;"

"gj;jpdp flTis gury; Ntz;Lk;"

kzpNkfiy

"vt;Taph;f; fhapDk; ,uq;fy; Ntz;Lk;

kz;bdp Qhyj;J tho;Nthh;f;nfy;yhk;

cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph; nfhLj;NjhNu"

3. gphpj;njOJjy;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; gphpf;f Ntz;ba nrhy; xd;W nfhLj;J mij ehd;F tifapy; gphpj;Jf;fhl;b mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. Njh;T Nehf;fpy; Njitahd kw;Wk; Ke;ija Njh;Tfspy; Nfl;fg;gl;litfisAk; ,q;Nf njhFj;jspj;Js;Nshk;. cilahh; - cil+a;+Mh;

thdhh;e;j - thd; + Mh;e;j

%Nte;jh; - %d;W + Nte;jh;

Njdhh;e;j - Njd; + Mh;e;j

jPQ;Rid - jPk; + Rid

njd;Fkhp - njw;F + Fkhp

Mapil - M + ,il

ew;nrq;Nfhy; - ed;ik + nrk;ik + Nfhy;

fhdhh;e;j - fhd; + Mh;e;j

ew;fdp - ed;ik + fdp

fl;Gyk; - fz; + Gyk;

E}w;fly; - E}y; + fly;

MUaph; - mUik + caph;

Gwj;JWg;G - Gwk; + mj;J + cWg;G





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 18

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


mfj;JWg;G - mfk; + mj;J + cWg;G

jPnjhhP, - jPJ + xhP,

cah;Ts;sp - cah;T + cs;sp

kz;Zw - kz; + cw

nre;jhkiu - nrk;ik + jhkiu

mg;ghNyhh; - mg;ghy; + Xh;

nghypTw - nghypT + cw

ehl;lKJ - ehL + mKJ

MuKJ - Mh; + mKJ

mUk;gad; - mUik + gad;

Nguhde;jk; - ngUik + Mde;jk;

fspg;Gw;W - fspg;G + cw;W

,Ugj;ije;J - ,UgJ + Ie;J

ntz;nghw;fyk; - ntz;ik + nghd; + fyk;

Gyq;fz;LOJ - Gyk; + fz;L + cOJ

ghyKJ - ghy; + mKJ

nte;njhp - nte;J + vhp

nrf;Nfhyk; - nrk;ik + Nfhyk;

%Nte;jh; - %d;W + Nte;jh;

ve;jk; - vk; + jk;

ghril - gRik + mil

ngUk;NgW - ngUik + NgW

gPLw;whh; - gPL + cw;whh;

ehbJ - ehL + ,J

jPe;jkpo; - jPk; + jkpo;

ige;jkpo; - gRik + jkpo;

,aw;wkpo; - ,ay; + jkpo;

ngUk;Gfo; - ngUik + Gfo;

mtw;nfhU - mtd; + F + xU

FWepyk; - FWik + epyk;

mUz;nkhop - mUs; + nkhop





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 19

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


jz;Jsp - jz;ik + Jsp

mq;faw;fz; - mk; + fay; + fz;

mfehD}W - mfk; + ehd;F + E}W

ige;jsph; - gRik + jsph;

ngUk;Gfo; - ngUik + Gfo;

mtw;nfhU - mtd; + F + xU

FWepyk; - FWik + epyk;

jf;fnjhU - jf;fJ + xU





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 20

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


4. vjph;r;nrhy;iy vLj;njOjy;

jkpopy; xU nrhy;Yf;Fhpa ,izahd vjph;r;nrhy;iyf; fz;lwpjNy ,g;gFjp tpdhthf mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gFjp vspjpy; kjpg;ngz; ngwf;$bait. mtw;iw NkYk; vspikg;gLj;j xt;nthU nrhy;Yf;Fk; ,izahd vjph;r;nrhy;iy njhFj;Js;Nshk;.

,ir

,aw;if

x

x

tir

nraw;if

,Wjp

vjph;j;jhh;

x

x

njhlf;fk;

tuNtw;whh;

vl;lh x vl;ba el;G x gif

Kjd;ik x ,Wjp Jd;gk; x ,d;gk;

Xq;fpa x jho;e;j ,d;dh x ,dpa

,ize;jJ x gphpe;jJ> jdpj;J kwg;gJ x epidg;gJ

kfpo;r;rp x Jf;fk; ed;ik x jPik

ed;ik x jPik njhd;ik x GJik

,d;nrhy; x fLQ;nrhy;> td;nrhy;

,sik x KJik

ntg;gk; x jl;gk;> Fsph;e;j Njhd;w x kiwa

eQ;R x mKjk;> kUe;J tsh;r;rp x Njf;fk;

,dpa x ,d;dh FbauR x KbauR

ntz;ik x fUik kfpo;r;rp x tUj;jk;

Nkij x Ngij ,ize;J x jzpe;J

MhpaJ x vspaJ epiwAk; x FiwAk;

ntw;wp x Njhy;tp tWik x tsik

GJik x goik ,dpaJ x ,d;dhjJ

cah;e;jhh; x jho;e;Njhh; <jy; x Vw;wy;

ngUik x rpWik <uk; x twl;rp

kfpo;r;rp x Jf;fk; <thh; x <ahh;

Fop x NkL cl;gif x Gwg;gif

tPuk; x Nfhio cz;ik x ,d;ik> ngha;

Gfo; x ,fo; cj;jkd; x mjkd;

,oe;jik x ngw;wik cgfhuk; x mgfhuk;

jz;ik x ntk;ik cUtk; x mUtk;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 21

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


Chpik x mbik ctj;jy; x fha;jy;

kyh;jy; x Ftpjy; cs;sJ x ,y;yJ

tpioe;jhh; x ntWj;jhh; cwT x may;

NgUfp x mUfp> RUq;fp Cly; x $ly;

,opT x cah;T vhpjy; x mtpjy;

ghtk; x Gz;zpak; vspJ x mhpJ

kd;dpg;G x xWg;G(jz;bg;G) Vw;wk; x jho;T

mfyy; x fpl;Ljy; VW x ,wq;F

mq;F x ,q;F xUik x gd;ik

mry; x efy; xopf x jsph;f

mlf;fk; x mlq;fhik xsp x ,Us;

Mb x Kb xd;Wf x tpyFf

milg;G x jpwg;G Xq;Fjy; x xLq;Ff

mz;ik x Nra;ik fQ;rk; x jhuhsk;

mikjp x Fog;gk; fyf;fk; x njspT

MUik x vspik fw;wy; x fy;yhik

mUs; x kUs; fdT x edT

myh;jy; x Ftpjy; fhf;f x tpLf

mt;tplk; x ,t;tplk; fhg;ghw;W x iftpL

mwk; x kwk; fhuzk; x mfhuzk;

Mf;fk; x NfL fhyk; x mfhyk;

Mq;F x <q;F Fzk; x Fw;wk;

Mir x epuhir FiwT x epiwT

Mjp x me;jk; $ly; x gphpjy;

Mz;lhs; x mbik nfhL x thq;F

Mz;L x <z;L nfhLik x nrk;ik

,ir x tir nfhs; x NfhL

,zq;F x gpzq;F rQ;ryk; x JzpT

,k;ik x kWik rj;jk; x Mikjp

,d;dhh; x ,dpahh; re;J x epre;J

ruk; x mruk; kUs; x njUs;

rhf;fpuij x mrhf;fpuij kyh;r;rp x fspg;G





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 22

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


rhe;jk; x cf;fpuk; kyh;jy; x $k;Gjy;

rhuk; x rf;if kiwjy; x ntspg;gly;

Rgk; x mRgk; KdpT x fdpT

Ruh; x mRuh; nkd;ik x td;ik

Rth;f;fk; x eufk; Nkd;ik x fPo;ik

nrq;Nfhy; x nfhLq;Nfhy; tsh;jy; x Nja;jy;

Nrh;f x gphpf tisjy; x epkph;jy;

jf;f x jfhjd tho;f x tPo;f

jf;fhh; x jftpyhh; tpUg;G x ntWg;G

jl;gk; x ntg;gk; gz;gpyhd; x gz;Gilahd;

jz;zPh; x nte;ePh; Xa;T x ciog;G

jkh; x gpwh; gifth; x ez;gh;

jtk; x mtk; Nehjy; x jzpjy;

jOT x js;S te;jhd; x te;jpyd;

jhq;F x tpL epiw x Fiw

J}uk; x rkPgk; itjy; x Gfo;jy;

njspT x kf;fk; Kw;gfy; x gpw;gfy;

njhif x tphp ez;gfy; x es;spuT

ey;top x my;top fspg;G x vhpr;ry;> Jauk;

ew;Fzk; x jPf;Fzk; jpz;ik x neha;ik

Nerk; x gif Ez;ik x GUik

gUj;jy; x rpWj;jy; FWik x NeLik

gs;sk; x NkL cilik x TWik

ghl;lhsp x Kjyhsp Gyik x Klik

ghtk; x Gz;zpak; ntl;rp x fue;ij

gpbj;jy; x tpLj;jy; tQ;rp x fhQ;rp

gpzf;fk; x ,zf;fk; copiQ x nehr;rp

Gfo; x ,fo; Jk;ig x Thif

ngWik x rpWik mUF x NgUF

Ngjk; x mNgjk; ey;ywpT x JPawpT

ngha; x nka; ,ir x ,fo;

Nghw;W x J}w;W md;Gilahh; x md;gpyhh;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 23

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


5. nghUe;jhr; nrhy;iyf; fz;lwpjy;

,g;gFjp tpdhtpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ehd;F nrhw;fspy; VNjDk;

xd;W kl;Lk;> gpw %d;W nrhw;fspypUe;J khWgl;bUf;Fk;. ,g;gFjp kpfTk;

vspikahdJ. ,Ug;gpDk; jw;rkak; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G> E}y;njhFg;G> jpiz

tiffs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J ngUk;ghYk; tpdhf;fs; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

vdNt rw;W ftdj;Jld; mZf Ntz;Lk;.

jpiz tiffs;

mfj;jpiz

FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy> ngUe;jpiz> iff;fpis

Gwj;jpiz

ntl;rp> tQ;rp> copiQ> Jk;ig> thif> fhQ;rp> ghlhz;

,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G

,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G vd;w tifapy; ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ tpidj;njhif

kw;Wk; gz;Gj;njhif Mfpa ,uz;il kl;LNk mjpfkhf ,t;tif

tpdhthf mikf;f KbAk;.

tpidj;njhif

,we;jfhyk;> epfo;fhyk;> vjph;fhyk; %d;iwAk; nghJthff; nfhz;lJ.

,jpy; tpidg;gFjp Kf;fpa ,lk; ngWk;.

CWfha; - Cwpfha;

- CWk;fha;

- CWfpd;w fha;

njhLfly;> miyfly;> nra;njhopy;> Rlh;kzp> joq;fUtp> Koq;F KuR> MLnfhb> nfhs;G+> cz;Fotp.

(v.fh)





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 24

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


nghUe;jhr; nrhy;iyf; fz;nlOJf

MLnfhb> nfhs;G+> joq;fUtp> cz;Foy;> ntQ;Rlh;

m) MLnfhb M) nfhs;G+ ,) cz;Foy; <) ntQ;Rlh;

m> M> , %d;Wk; tpidj;njhif vdNt> <> ntQ;Rlh;jhd; ,jd; tpil.

gz;Gj;njhif

gz;Gg;ngaUf;Fk; ngah;r;nrhy;Yf;Fk; ,ilNa gz;G tpFjp ikiaAk; gz;G cUthfpa Mfpa vd;w nrhy;Yk; kiwe;J tUtJ gz;Gj;njhif.

fhhpUs; - fUik + ,Us; (fUikahfpa ,Us;)

fLkio> ntz;rq;F> ngUk;Gdy;> Ez;zwpT> fLk; ciog;G> nghw;fhyk;> ngUQ;N[hjp> ngU efh;> fUkzp> Gj;Japh;> Ngnuhsp> KJkf;fs;> FWkzf;$yp

(v.fh)

nghUe;jhr; nrhy;iyj; Njh;f

m) nrk;ik M) ntz;ik ,) fUik <) nghWik

(tpil <)

1. gpiojpUj;jk;

6 (i) re;jpg;gpioia ePf;Fjy;

re;jpg;gpio vd;gJ xU nrhy;ypd; tpFjpNahL kw;nwhU nrhy; NrUk;nghOJ Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fspy; Vw;gLk; gpio MFk;.

ehk; vOJk;NghJ nghJthf mjpfk; nra;Ak; gpio re;jpg;gpio ty;ypd vOj;Jf;fshfpa f> j> j> g kpFk; ,lq;fspy; kpfhkYk;> kpfhj ,lq;fspy; kpFe;Jk; vOJtJ re;jpg;gpio MFk;.

ty;nyOj;J kpFk; ,lq;fs;

f;> r;> j;> g; vd;w ehd;F ty;ypd nka;naOj;Jf;fs; kl;LNk capnuOj;Jld; $b nkhopf;F Kjypy; tUk;.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 25

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


,t;ntOj;Jf;fSk; xd;iw Kjyhff; nfhz;l nrhw;fs; epiy nkhopNahL NrUk;NghJ rpytplq;fspy; ,k;nka;naOj;J kpFe;J tUk;.

6. (ii) xUik – gd;ik gpiofis ePf;Fjy;

,g;gFjp gd;ikf;F Vw;whw;Nghy cs;s njhlhpy; xUikAk; xUikf;F Vw;whw;Nghy cs;s njhlhpy; gd;ikAk; nfhLj;J> nfhLf;fg;gl;l ehd;F njhlhpy; gpioaw;w njhliu Njh;T nra;Ak; tpjkhf mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. vdNt xUik-gd;ik gw;wpa njspT Njit.

xUik

xUik vd;gJ xd;iw kl;Lk; Fwpg;gJ.

xUikapy; njhlq;Fk; xU njhlhpd; KbT xUikapy;jhd; Kba Ntz;Lk;.

(v.fh) kuk; rha;e;jJ> mwpQh; te;jhh;.

gd;ik

gd;ik vd;gJ xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;litfis Fwpg;gJ.

gd;ikapy; njhlq;Fk; xU njhlhpd; KbT gd;ikapy; jhd; mika Ntz;Lk;.

(v.fh) kuq;fs; rha;e;jd> fUtpfs; gOjile;jd.

jd;ikg; ngah;

xUik gd;ik

ahd; - ahk;> ahq;fs;

ehd; - ehk;> ehq;fs;

Kd;dpiyg; ngah;

xUik gd;ik

eP - ahk;> ahq;fs;

glh;f;ifg; ngah;

xUik gd;ik

mtd;> mts; - mth;fs;

mJ - mit





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 26

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


jk;gp - jk;gpkhh;

jq;if - jq;ifkhh;

fz; - fz;fs;

ehp - ehpfs;

gpio jpUj;jk;

mitfs; - mit

mJfs; - mJ

vdJ kfs; - vd; kfs;

xU Ch; - Xh; Ch;

ehl;fs; - ehs;fs;

nghJtopmy;y - nghJtopmd;W

rpy mwpQh; - mwpQh; rpyh;

mtd; my;y - mtd; my;yd;

mts; my;y - mts; my;ys;

mth;fs; my;y - mth;fs; my;yh;

mit md;W - mJ md;W

mJ my;y - mJ md;W

mit md;W - mit my;y

mJ chpikahdJ - m/J chpikahdJ

ahd; jhk; te;Njd; - ahd; jhd; te;Njd;

ehd; jhk; nrd;Nwd; - ehd; jhd; nrd;Nwd;

ehk; jhd; NghNthk; - ehk; jhk; NghNthk;

ePh;jhd; nfhLj;jPh; - ePH; jhk; nfhLj;jPh;

mit jhd; Xbd - mit jhk; Xbd

xUik gd;ik

md;W - my;y

jhd; - jhk;

gpio jpUj;jk;

kd;dh; jd; Fbfsplk; md;gha; ,Ug;ghh; - kd;dh; jk; Fbfsplk; md;gha; ,Ug;ghh;

Mikfs; Ntfkha; XlhJ - Mikfs; Ntfkha; Xlh





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 27

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


7. Mq;fpyr;nrhy;Yf;F epfuhd jkpo;r;nrhy;

N`h;fl;bq; rY}d; - KbjpUj;jfk;

N`hl;ly; - cztfk;

nkbf;fy; \hg; - kUe;jfk;

fpshj; ];Nlhh;]; - Jzpaq;fhb

g]; ]hlhz;l; - NgUe;Jepiyak;

fk;ngdp - FOkk;

,z;l];l;hp - njhopyfk;

ilg;iul;bq; ,d;];bA+l; - jl;nlOj;Jg; gapyfk;

];Nl\dhp \hg; - vOJnghUs; mq;fhb

fhgp ghh; - Fsk;gpafk;

B ];lhy; - NjdPh; mq;fhb

gphpz;bq;gpu]; - mr;rfk;

M];gply; - kUj;Jtkid

];fhyh;\pg; - gbg;Gjtpj;njhif

Ngh];l; Mgp]; - mQ;ry; epiyak;

hp[p];lh; Ngh];l; - gjptQ;ry;

nl];l; - Nrhjid

ogd; - rpw;Wz;b

g];l; Nuq;f; - Kjy; juk;

g]; - NgUe;J

buhty; - gazk;

v];.v];.vy;.rp. vf;];rhk; - ,ilepiyg;gs;sp tpLg;G

rhd;W – Njh;T

lTz; g]; - efug;NgUe;J

gpA+l;b Gy; - mofhf

nthh;f;\hg; - gzpkid

];iky; - rphpg;G

vyf;rd; fkp\d; - Njh;jy; Mizak;

fhz;lf;l; rh;bgpNfl; - ed;dlj;ijr; rhd;wpjo;

nrd;luy; ftz;nkd;l; - eLtz; muR





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 28

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


Ngf;fpq; rhh;[; - fl;Lkhdj;njhif

fk;A+l;lh; Nfhh;]; - fzpg;nghwp gphpT

8. xyp NtWghlwpe;J rhpahd nghUisawpjy;

xyp NtWghLfis mwpe;J rhpahd nghUis fz;Lgpbj;jNy ,g;gFjp

tpdhf;fshf mikfpd;wJ. jkpopy; cr;rhpg;gpy; nky;ypa khWghLila

vOj;Jf;fshd (e> d> z)> (y>s>o) (u>W) Mfpa vOj;Jf;fis ikak;

nfhz;Nl tpdhf;fs; mikfpd;wd. vdNt> mit xt;nthd;iwAk; gphpj;J

thpirg;gLj;jpAs;Nshk;.

jd;ik - ,ay;G

jz;ik - Fsph;r;rp

typ - Jd;gk;

tsp - fhw;W

top - ghij

xyp - rj;jk;

xsp - ntspr;rk;

xop - ePq;F

,iy - Xh; cWg;G

,is - ,isj;jy;> nkypjy;

,io - E}y; ,io

kiu - khd;

kiw - Ntjk;

Gfo; - ew;ngah;

Gfs; - $W

my;yp - kyh;

ms;sp - thhpnaLj;J

kzk; - ey;y thrid

kdk; - cs;sk;

tpiy - gzk;

tpis - cw;gj;jp nra;

tpio - tpUk;G

fid - Fuy; xyp





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 29

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


fiz - mk;G

mud; - rptngUkhd;

muz; - ghJfhg;G

jiy - rpuk;

jis - fl;L

jio - ,iy mspg;gJ

- nfhLg;gJ mopg;gJ -

,y;yhkw;nra;tJ

fiy - mwpTg;gFjp> fiyj;JtpL

fis - ePf;F

fio - %q;fpy;

gzp - Ntiy

yfu sfu ofu NtWghL

miy - ePuiy mis - tis mio - $g;gpLjy;

cyT - elkhL csT - NtT coT - gaph;j;njhopy;

thy; - cWg;G ths; - fUtp tho; - tho;jy;

xyp - Xir xsp - ntspr;rk; xop - ePf;F

fyk; - fg;gy; fsk; - ,lk;

nfhy; - nfhzUjy; nfhs; - ngw;Wf;nfhs;

jhy; - ehf;F jhs; - ghjk; jho; - gzpe;JNgh

typ - typik tsp - fhw;W top - ghij> rhiy

nty;yk; - ,dpg;Gf;fl;b nts;sk; - ePh;

Ntiy - gzp Ntis - nghOJ

fsp - kfpo;r;rp fop - jb

this - kPd;tif thio - jhtuk;

fiy - Mz;khd; fis - Ntz;lhj

gaph;

fio - %q;fpy;

jis - fl;L jio - ,iy

myF - gwit%f;F msF - ngz;khy; moF - ftpd;

myk; - fyg;ig msk; - cg;gsk;

My; - Mykuk; Ms; - MSjy; Mo; - KOF





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 30

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


Myp - kioj;Jsp Msp - tpyq;F Mop - fly;

csp - fUtp cop - ,lk;

ciy - ciyf;fsk; cis - gplhpkaph; cio - khd;

cy;F - Rq;fk; cs;F - epid

vy; - gfy; vs; - jhdpak;

fyq;F - fyf;fkiljy; foq;F - kfsph;

tpilahl;Lg;

nghUs;

fhyp - gRf;$l;lk; fhsp - nja;tk; fhop - kyk;

fpstp - nrhy; fpotp - KJikailjy;

Fsk;G - tpyq;FcWg;G Fok;G - Nkhh;f;Fog;G

$yp - rk;gsk; $sp - Nga;

nfhiy - nfhy;Yjy; nfhis - ghl;L

Nfhy; - Cd;WNfhy; Nfhs; - Gwq;$wy;

fyp - Xir fsp - kfpo;r;rp fop - cg;gq;fop

$yp - rk;gsk; $sp - Nga;

Nfhy; - Cd;WNfhy; Nfhs; - Gwq;$wy;

#iy - Neha; #is - nrq;fy;

#is

#y; - fUg;gk; #s; - rgjk; #o; - Rw;W

jtiy - ghj;jpuk; jtis - tpyq;F

Jiy - juhR Jis - jhtuk;

Njhy; - rUkk; Njhs; - Gak;

eyp - tUe;J esp - eLf;fk;

ey;yhh; - ey;yth; es;shh; - gifth;

griy - kfsph;

epwNtWghL

gris - xU nfhb

ghy; - gRk;ghy; ghs; - jho;g;ghs; gho; - ghohjy;

ufu

wfu NtWghL

muk; - fUtp mwk; - jUkk;

mhp - jpUkhy;> eWf;F mwp - njhpe;Jnfhs;

myhp - myhpg;G+ mywp - mOJ





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 31

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


miu

Mu

,uj;jy;

Muy;

,iw

cuT

cuy;

cU

ciu

vhp

Vhp

fhp

fiu

Fiuj;jy;

Fuq;F

$iu

rPhpa

nrhpj;jy;

jhp

jpiu

epiu

guit

ghp

kuk;

khp

kU

kiu

- ghjp

- epuk;g

- ahrpj;jy;

- xUtif kPd;

- jPdp

- typik

- ,bf;Fk; cuy;

- tbtk;

- Ngr;R

- jP

- ePh;epiy

- ahid

- mLg;Gf;fhp

- Vhpf;fiu

- eha;Fiuj;jy;

- thduk;

- tPl;Lf;$iu

- rpwe;j

- rPuikjy;

- mzpe;Jnfhs;

- miy

- thpir

- fly;

- Fjpiu

- jU

- ,w

- kzk;

- khd;> jhkiu

miw

Mw

,wj;jy;

Mwy;

,iw

cwT

cwy;

cW

ciw

vwp

vwp

fwp

fiw

Fiw

Fwq;F

$iw

rPwpa

nrwpjy;

jwp

jpiw

epiw

gwit

gwp

kwk;

kwp

kW

kiw

- tPl;bd; gFjp

- #L jzpa

- rhjy;

- jzpjy;

- ,iwtd;> murd;

- njhlh;G> cwtpdh;

- nghUe;Jjy;

- kpFjp

- %b

- tPR

- tPR

- fha;fwp

- mOf;F

- RUf;Fjy;

- njhil

- Jzp

- rpde;j

- jpzpj;jy;

- ntl;L

- fg;gk;

- epiwj;J itj;jy;

- gwf;Fk; gwit

- gwpj;Jf;nfhs;

- tPuk;

- (khd;Fl;b)

- (jL> Fw;wkhd)

- Ntjk;

tUj;jy;

tpuy;

tpuF

mUF

- Jd;GWj;jy;

- iftpuy;

- je;jpuk;

- rkPgk;

tWj;jy;

tpwy;

tpwF

mWF

- fha;fwp tWj;jy;

- ntw;wp> typik

- fl;il

- mWfk;Gy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 32

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


,Uk;G - Xh; cNyhfk; ,Wk;G - FWq;fhL

chp - gl;il cwp - J}f;F

Cu - efh;e;J nry;y Cw - Ruf;f

xUj;jy; - ahid xWj;jy; - Nfhgpj;jy;

Futh; - nghpNahh; Fwth; - xU rhjpah;

FUF - ehiu FWF - neUq;F

nrU - Nghh; nrW - tay;

Nruy; - ,izjy; Nrwy; - nry;Yjy;

nrhhpa - rpe;j nrhwpa - fuz;l

JuT - fpzW JwT - Jwj;jy;

njhpj;jy; - njhptpj;jy; njwpj;jy; - rpjWjy;

Nju - Muha;e;Jghh;f;f Njw - njspa

eiu - ntz;kaph; eiw - Njd;

epiu - thpir epiw - epiwT

gpiu - ciwNkhh; gpiw - ,sQ;re;jpud;

Gwk; - gf;fk; Guk; - Ch;

GuT - fhj;jy; GwT - Gwh

nghhp - new;nghhp nghwp - milahsk;

nghU - Nghh;nra; nghW - nghWj;Jf;nfhs;

nghUg;G - kiy nghWg;G - flik

kuk; - tpUl;rk; kwk; - ghtk;

khp - ,we;JNgh kwp - jL

kUfp - kUkfs; kWfp - kaq;fp

kiu - jhkiu kiw - Ntjk;

z

mzy;

- jhb

d

mdy;

- neUg;G

Mzp - ,Ug;G Mzp Mdp - jkpo;khjk;

Cz;

fzk;

mz;zk;

Miz

- czT

- $l;lk;

- (Nky;tha;)

- fl;lis

Cd;

fdk;

md;dk;

Mid

- ,iwr;rp

- ghuk;

- (gwit)

- ahid





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 33

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


muz; - Nfhl;il mud; - rptd;

miz - jOT mid - jha;

Mz; - Mz;ghy; Md; - gR

,iz - xg;G ,id - tUe;J

cz;zp - rpWcaphp cd;dp - epidj;J

cz; - rhg;gpL cd; - cd;Dila

vz;z - epidf;f vd;d - vd;W nrhy;y

vtz; - vt;tplk; vtd; - ahtd;

viz - njhl;by; Vid - kw;iw

fz;zd; - fpU\;zd; fd;dd; - fh;zd;

fzp - Nrhjplh; fdp - gok;

dfu zfu NtWghL

fd;dp - Fkhp fz;zp - mUk;G> G+khiy

gd;dp - kidtp gz;zp - nra;J

ghdk; - Fbghdk; ghzk; - mk;G

Gid - myq;fhp Giz - njg;gk;

gdp - Fsph; gzp - njhopy;

Ngd; - jiyg;ngz; Ngz; - fhg;ghw;W

kd; - murd; kz; - G+kp

kdk; - cs;sk; kzk; - eWkzk;> thrid

kid - tPL kiz - cl;fhUk; gyif

khd; - Gs;spkhd; khz; - ngUik

td;ik - typik tz;ik - nfhil

fid - xyp fiz - mk;G

fhd; - fhL fhz; - ghh;

Fdp - tis Fzp

- Fzj;ij

cilaJ

Nrhid - tplhkio Nrhiz - xU kiy

jdp - jdpikahd jzp - Fiw

jd;ik - ,ay;G jz;ik - Fsph;r;rp

jpd;ik - jPik jpz;ik - typik

jpid - jhdpak; jpiz - rhjp





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 34

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


jpd;

Jdp

Jid

NjePh;

- jpd;D

- ntWg;G

- tpiuT

- B

jpz;

Jzp

Jiz

NjdPh;

- typa

- Mil

- cjtp

- Njd;Nghd;w

,dpaePh;

ehdk; - f];J}hp ehzk; - ntl;fk;

ehd; - ahd; ehz; - ntl;fk;

gd;d - nrhy;y gz;z - nra;a

gdpf;f - eLq;f gzpf;f - fl;lisapl

gid - xU kuk; giz - gUj;j

td;ik - Mw;wy; tz;ik - nfhil

efu

me;ehs;

,e;ehs;

ve;ehs;

- me;jehs;

- ,e;j ehs;

- ve;jehs;

dfu NtWghL

md;dhs;

,d;dhs;

vd;dhy;

- mg;ngz;

- ,j;jifats;

- vd;dhy;

nra;ag;gl;lJ

ve;ehL - ve;jehL vd;dhL - vdJ ehL

ve;epiy - ve;jepiy vd;dpiy - vdJ ehL

Ke;ehs; - %d;Wehs; Kd;dhs; - Kw;fhyk;

Ke;E}y; - %d;WE}y; Kd;E}y; - Kjy;E}y;

Ke;E}W - %d;W E}Wfs; Kd;D}W - Kd;GE}W

ee;E}y; - ekJE}y; ed;D}y; - ey;yE}y;

NjePh; - Fbg;gJ NjdPh; - Njd;fye;j ePh;

9. XnuOj;J xU nkhopf;F chpa nghUisf; fz;lwpjy;

jkpopy; cs;s 246 vOj;Jf;fspy; 43 vOj;Jf;fSf;F kl;Lk; jdpg;nghUs;

cz;L. ,e;j 42 vOj;Jf;fSf;fhd nghUis fz;Lgpbj;jNy ,g;gFjp

tpdhthf mikfpwJ.

,e;j 42 vOj;Jf;fSf;fhd nghUisNa TNPSC tpdhf;fshf

mikf;fpd;wdh;. vdNt jkpo; mfuhjpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s gy;NtW

nghUs;fis jtpj;jy; eyk;.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 35

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


caph; ,dk; : M> <. C> V> I> X - 6

k ,dk; : kh> kP> K> Nk> ik> Nkh - 6

j ,dk; : jh> jP> J}> Nj> ij - 5

g ,dk; : lh> G+> Ng> ig> Ngh - 5

e ,dk; : eh> eP> Ne> ie> Neh - 5

f ,dk; : fh> $> if> Nfh - 4

t ,dk; : th> tP> it> nts - 4

r ,dk; : rh> rP> Nr> Nrh - 4

ah : - 1

neh : - 1

J : - 1

42

caph; ,dk; (6) j ,dk; (5)

M - gR jP - neUg;G

< - gwf;Fk; G+r;rp J} - ntz;ik

C - ,iwr;rp Nj - nja;tk;

V - mk;G ij - ijj;jpq;fs;

I

- moF> jiytd;

jh

- nfhL

x - tpdh> kjF (ePh;jq;Fk; gyif

k ,dk; (5) g ,dk; (5)

kh - nghpa tpyq;F gh - ghl;L> epoy;> moF

kP - NkNy G+ - kyh;

% - %g;G Ng - Eiu> moF

Nk

- md;G> Nkd;ik

ig

- gRik> ifg;ig

ik - fz;ik (mQ;Qdk;) Ngh - nry;> Nghjy;

Nkh - Kfh;jy;> Nkhj;jy;

e ,dk; (5) f ,dk; (4)

eh

- ehf;F

fh

- Nrhiy

eP - eP $ - G+kp

Ne - md;G> Neak; if - fuk;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 36

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


ie - tUe;J> iejy; Nfh - murd;

Neh - Neha;> tUj;jk;

10. Nth;r;nrhy;iyj; Njh;T nra;jy;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fis vspjpy; vjph;nfhs;s thf;fpaq;fis

gphpj;njOJtjpy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wpUj;jy; mtrpak;.

xU thh;j;ijapy; Nth;r;nrhy;iy gphpf;f KbahJ.

Nth;r;nrhy; vd;gJ nghJthd fl;lisahfNth VtyhfNth ,Uf;Fk;.

nrhy;

mfo;e;jhd;

Nth;r;nrhy;

- mfo;

nrhy;

mfd;W

Nth;r;nrhy;

- mfy;

mile;Njhk;

mhpe;J

mwpe;jhd;

myws;

mWe;jJ

mtpo;e;jJ

Mz;lhs;

Mbdhs;

,dpJ

,Ug;G

<e;jJ

- mil

- mhp

- mwp

- myW

- mW

- mtpo;

- Ms;

- ML

- ,dpik

- ,U

- <

mzpe;jhd;

mhpaJ

mbj;jhs;

mUspdh;

mWtil

mwpahJ

Mbdhs;

Mo;e;jhh;

,dpg;G

,ak;gpaJ

<d;whs;

- mzp

- mUik

- mb

- mUs;

- mW

- mwp

- Mo;e;jhh;

- Mo;

- ,dpik

- ,ak;G

- <d;W

<l;bdhs;

cOjhd;

cwq;fpdhd;

cUf;Fk;

cs;sk;

vQ;rpa

- <l;b

- cO

- cwq;F

- cUf;F

- cs;

- vQ;R

cz;ghh;

czT

Ch;e;jJ

cOtpj;jhd;

cs;sPL

vLf;Fk;

- cz;

- cz;

- Ch;

- cO

- cs;

- Vl

vz;zpa

va;jhd;

vOe;jhd;

Vj;Jjy;

- vz;

- va;

- vO

- Vj;J

vz;zpdhd;

vLj;jhd;

vOjpdhd;

xl;Ljy;

- vz;

- vL

- vOjp

- xl;L





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 37

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


xope;jhd;

xl;baJ

Xbdhd;

fw;f

fw;Nwd;

fhl;baJ

- xop

- xl;L

- Xb

- fy;

- fy;

- fhl;L

xl;Ltpg;G

XlhJ

Xjpath;

filay;

fhl;rpapy;

fz;L>

- Xl;L

- XL

- Xjp

- fil

- fhz;

- fhz;

fz;ldd;

fw;whd; - fy; fbj;jhd; - fb

fhzhik - fhz; fhl;Lthd; - fhl;L

fhj;jhd; - fh fhj;jtd; - fh

fhz;ghh; - fhz; fhg;ghw;wpdhd; - fhg;G

fps;spdhd; - fps;sp $ty; - $

Nfl;f> Nfl;ly; - Nfs; nfhz;lhd; - nfhs;

nfhzh;e;jhd; - nfhzh; nfhd;wij - nfhy;

nfhlhik - nfhs; Fiuj;jJ - Fiu

Fbj;jhd; - Fb Fspj;jhd; - Fsp

$wpdhh; - $wp nfhs;Sjy; - nfhs;

nfhd;whd; - nfhy; Nfhjpdhd; - Nfhjp

nfha;jhd; - nfha; rha;e;jJ - rha;

rhw;wpdhs; - rhw;W rphpg;G - rphp

rhpe;jhd; - rhp rpjwpa - rpjW

rPhpa - rPh;ik rPz;bdhd; - rPz;L

rPj;jhy; - rP Rl;lJ - RL

RUl;bdhd; - RUl;L #bdhd; - #L

nrd;whd; - nry; nry;thd; - nry;

11. Nth;r;nrhy;iyf; nfhLj;J tpidKw;W> tpidnar;rk;> tpidahyizAk; ngah;> njhopw;ngaiu cUthf;Fjy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 38

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


,g;gFjp tpdhf;fis vspjpy; tpilaspf;f tpidKw;W> tpidnar;rk;>

tpidahyizAk; ngah;> njhopw;ngah; ,tw;wpd; ,yf;fzj;ij mwpe;jpUj;jy;

kpf mtrpak;.

tpidKw;W

fUj;J Kw;Wg;ngw;wpUg;gJ tpidKw;W vdg;gLk; ,J Ntw;Wik Vw;fhJ

,J fhyk; fhl;Lk;. v.fh. XbaJ> tPo;e;jhd;

tpidnar;rk;

fUj;J Kw;Wg;ngwhky; vQ;rpapUg;gJ tpidnar;rk; vdg;gLk;.

v.fh. Xb> tPo;e;J

tpidahyizAk; ngah;

tpidKw;W xd;W ngah;r;nrhy;ypd; jd;ikiag; ngw;W Ntw;Wik

cUig Vw;fj;jf;fjhf ,Ug;gpd; mJ tpidahyizAk; ngah; vdg;gLk;.

,J jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glh;f;if Mfpa %tplq;fspYk; tUk;.

v.fh. Xbaij> tpo;e;jtid

njhopw;ngah;

njhopiyf; fhl;LtJ njhopw;ngah; vdg;gLk;.

njhopy; vd;gJ xU nghUspd; Gidg;ngah;r;rpiaNah my;yJ xU

nraiyNah Fwpf;Fk;.

v.fh. Xl;lk;> tPo;r;rp





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 39

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F Nkyk; tpiuthf njspT ngw

Nth;r;nrhy;ypypUe;J tpidKw;W> tpidnar;rk;> tpidahyizAk; ngah;>

njhopw;ngah; Mfpa xt;nthd;iwAk; gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;Js;Nshk;.

Nth;r;nrhy; tpidKw;W tpidnar;;rk; tpidahyizAk;

ngah;

njhopw;ngah;

nfhL nfhLj;jhd; nfhLj;J nfhLj;jtd; nfhLj;jy;

gL gLj;jhh; gLj;J gLj;jtiu gLj;jy;

eb ebj;jJ ebj;J ebj;jtid ebj;jy;

ngW ngw;whd; ngw;W ngw;Nwhiu ngwy;

cz; cz;lhd; cz;L cz;liu cz;ly;

nry; nrd;whh; nrd;W nrd;wtiu nry;yy;

nrd;wtd; nry;Yjy;

njhL njhl;lJ njhl;L njhl;lj; njhly;

tPo; tPo;e;jhd; tPo;e;J tPo;e;jtid tPo;r;rp

fhz; fz;lhd; fz;L fz;lhiu fhzy;

Njh; Njh;e;jhh; Njh;e;J Njh;e;jtiu Njh;jy;

jpd; jpd;wJ jpd;W jpd;whiu jpd;Djy;

Fb Fbj;jhd; Fbj;J Fbj;jhiu Fbj;jy;

mW mWj;jhd; mWj;J mWj;jtid mWj;jy;

cil cilj;jhh; cilj;J cilj;jtiu cilg;G

gwp gwpj;jhd; gwpj;J gwpj;jhid gwpj;jy;

Xb xbj;jhs; xbj;J xbj;jtid xbj;jy;

XL XbaJ XL Xbaij Xl;lk;

ntl;L ntl;bdhd; ntl;b ntl;batid ntl;ly;

G+R G+rpdhh; G+rp G+rpatiu G+Rjy;

mb mbj;jhh; mbj;J mbg;ghiu mbj;jy;

,aw;W ,aw;Wdh; ,aw;wp ,aw;wpatid ,aw;Wjy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 40

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


12. mfu thpirg;gb nrhw;fisr; rPh;nra;jy;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; jkpo; vOj;Jf;fspd; mfu thpir Kiwia

epidT$Wk; tifapy; mikf;fg;gLfpwJ.

ed;F jkpo; fw;NwhUf;Ff; $l nka;naOj;Jf;fis rw;W Ntfj;Jld;

mfu thpirg;gLj;Jjy; rw;W rpukkhd xd;Wjhd;. vdNt> ehk; Kd;dh; fw;w

jkpo; vOj;Jf;fspd; thpir Kiwia gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapd; %yk; kPz;Lk;

epidTWj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; kpfTk; ed;W.

m M , < c C v V I x X Xs

f fh fp fP F $ nf Nf if nfh Nfh Nfs

q qh qp qP ± q+ nq Nq iq nqh Nqh Nqs

r fh rp rP R # nr Nr ir nrh Nrh Nrs

Q Qh Qp QP | º nQ NQ iQ nQh NQh NQs

l lh b B L ^ nl Nl il nlh Nlh Nls

z zh zp zP z Z} nz Nz iz nzh Nzh Nzs

j jh jp jP J jh nj Nj ij njh Njh Njs

e eh ep eP E eh ne Ne ie neh Neh Nes

g gh gp gP G G+ ng Ng ig ngh Ngh Ngs

k kh kp kP K % nk Nk ik nkh Nkh Nks

a ah ap aP A A+ na Na ia nah Nah Nas

u uh hp hP U & nu Nu iu nuh Nuh Nus

y yh yp yP Y Y} nt Nt it nth Nth Nts

t th tp tP T T+ nt Nt it nth Nth Nts

o oh op oP O * no No io noh Noh Nos

s sh sp sP S » ns Ns is nsh Nsh Nss

w wh wp wP W W} nw Nw iw nwh Nwh Nws

d dh dp dP D D} nd Nd id ndh Ndh Nds





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 41

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


13. nrhw;fis xOq;FgLj;jpr; nrhw;nwhlh; Mf;Fjy;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; jkpo; nrhw;nwhlh; gw;wpa njsptpid NrhjidapLk; tpjkhf mikf;fg;gLfpwJ.

xU nrhw;nwhlh; vOtha; + nra;ag;gLnghUs; + gadpiy vd;w mikg;Gld; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

nghJthf jkpo; nrhw;nwhlh;fspy; Kjypy; vOthAk; filrpapy; gadpiyAk; tUk;. ,ilapy; nra;ag;gL nghUs; kw;Wk; gpw nrhw;fs; tUk;.

,r;nrhw;nwhlh; xOq;FgLj;Jjypy; ctikfs; kw;Wk; gonkhopfs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd.

Njh;T Nehf;fpy; rpy nrhw;nwhlh;fs;

cLf;if ,oe;jtd; if Nghy

EzYk; jd; thahy; nfLk;

xU ghidr;Nrhw;Wf;F xU NrhW gjk;

gRitg; gphpe;j fd;WNghy

,iy kiwf; fha;Nghy

ahidg; grpf;Fr; Nrhsg;nghhpah?

,Ujiyf; nfhs;sp vWk;GNghy

rpWJsp ngU nts;sk;

Nrhopad; FLkp Rk;kh MlhJ

vWk;G Cuf; fy;Yk; NjAk;

Fuq;F ifg;gl;l G+khiy Nghy

filkil jpwe;jJ Nghy

gz;gl;l ige;jkpo; gho;gl;Lf; fple;jJ

ehLk; nkhopAk; ekjpU fz;fs;

Myak; njhOtJ rhyTk; ed;W

MYk; NtYk; gy;Yf;FWjp ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FWjp

jpq;fs; mkpo;J jpfo; Mtpd; ghypdpJ

gl;b kz;lgj;Jg; ghq;fwpe;J VWkpd;

xWj;jhiug; nghd;Nghy; nghjpe;J

Vio mOj fz;zPh; $hpa this xf;Fk;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 42

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


jkpoh;fs; tho;tpd; ,uf;fzk; mwpe;jth;

Fd;wpd; Nky; vhpAk; tpsf;F

cLf;if ,oe;jtd; ifNghy

Co;tpid cWj;Jte;J Cl;Lk;

Ez;zpjpd; kfpo;e;jd;W xz;Zjy; KfNd

ty;yth; ey;ytuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;

J}a neQ;rpdh; Jd;gk; nra;ahh;

ciog;gpd; thuh cWjpfs; csNth?

ePjpf;Fg; Nghuhlhjtd; eil gpzk;

kpd;DtJ vy;yhk; nghd; my;y

Fd;W Kl;ba FUtp Nghy

14. ngah;r;nrhy;ypd; tifawpjy;

nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; nrhy; vj;jifa ngah;r;nrhy; vd fz;lwpjNy

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,t;tpdhf;fSf;F vspjpy; tpilaspf;Fk;

tifapy; ngah;r;nrhy;ypd; midj;J tiffisAk; mjw;fhd

cjhuzq;fisAk; Njh;T Nehf;fpy; njhFj;Js;Nshk;.

gz;Gg;ngah;

xU nghUspd; gz;ig czh;j;Jk; ngah;. mJ epwk;> Rit> tbtk;> msT vd;Dk; ehd;fpd; mbg;gilapy; mikAk;.

ntz;ik - epwg;gz;Gg;ngah;

,dpg;Gr;Rit - Ritg;gz;Gg;ngah;

tl;ltbtk; - tbtg;gz;Gg;ngah;

Kj;jkpo; - msTg;gz;Gg;ngah;

gz;Gg;ngah; tpFjpfs;

ed;ik - ik

njhy;iy - I

khl;rp - rp





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 43

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


khz;G - G

koT - c

ed;F - F

ed;wp - wp

ed;W - W

eyk; - mk;

ed;dh; - mh; (m) eh;

jpl;gk; - gk;

(ik‟ tpFjp ngUk;ghd;ikahf tUk;)

(v.L) nrk;ikNfhy;> %Nte;jh;> Kk;khhp> rJutay;> fUq;fy;> tl;lf;fpzW> Nfhgk;> frg;G> Jth;g;G> Kf;Nfhzk;> rJuk;> Fl;il> nrt;tfk;> cauk;> cUz;il> nrk;ik> tl;lepyh> ePs;efh;> Kf;Fzk;.

2) njhopw;ngah;

xU njhopiy czh;j;Jk; ngah;. njhopy; vd;gJ <z;L> xU nghUspd; Gilngah;r;rpiaf; Fwpf;Fk;.

njhopw;ngah;fs; tpFjpfs;

1. elj;jy; - jy;

2. ghly;> Mly; - my;

3. Ml;lk;> tl;lk; - mk;

4. nfhiy - I

5. njhOif> nraw;if - I

6. ghh;it - it

7. elg;G - G

8. tuT - T> c

9. kwjp - jp

10. tsh;r;rp> czh;r;rp - rp

11. cjtp> Gytp - tp

- cz;Nlid

- cz;fpd;Nwid> cz;Nlid

Kd;dpiy - ghLfpd;whia (ghLfpd;w cd;id)





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 44

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


- te;jhia> tUtia

- tUfpd;whia

glh;f;if - ghLthid (ghLgtid)

- ele;jhid> elg;ghid

15. ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;gwpjy;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhy;ypw;F rhpahd ,yf;fzf;

Fwpg;ig Njh;e;njLf;FkhW mikf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gFjp tpdhf;fSf;F

tpilaspf;f fPo;fz;l ,yf;fzq;fis njhpe;J nfhz;lhy; jhd; xU

nrhy;ypd; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;ig mwpa KbAk;.

tpidKw;W

xU nghUs; nra;j njhopiyf; Fwpj;J te;J> Kw;Wg; ngw;w nrhy;

tpidKw;W vdg;gLk;.

mJ jpiz> ghy;> vz;> ,lk; fhl;Lk; ; fhyk; fhl;Lk; ; gadpiyahf

tUk; ; Ntw;Wik cUig Vw;fhJ.

tiffs;: 1. njhpepiy tpidKw;W

nra;gtd;> fUtp> epyk;> nray;> fhyk;> nra;nghUs;> vd;Dk;

MwpidAk; ntspg;gilahfj; njhptpf;Fk; tpidKw;W njhpepiy tpidKw;W

vdg;gLk;.

v.L. nry;tk; ghlk; vOjpdhd;

kq;if> $lj;jpy; mhprpkhf;Nfhyk; mikj;jds.;

kq;if> ,y;yj;jpy; aho; vLj;Jj; jkpopir ghbdhs;.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 45

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


njhpepiy tpidKw;W

nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk;> rpid> Fzk;> njhopy;> vd;Dk; 6 tifg;gl;l

ngah;r;nrhw;fisr; rhh;e;J tUk;.

Ntyd; nea;fpwhd; - nghUl;ngah; rhh;e;j njhpepiy

tpidKw;W

muq;fk; epiwe;jJ - ,lg;ngaiur; rhh;e;j njhpepiy

tpidKw;W

fhiy mUk;gpaJ - fhyg;ngaiur; rhh;e;j njhpepiy

tpidKw;W

iffs; rpte;jd - rpidg;ngaiur; rhh;e;j njhpepiy

tpidKw;W

nts;is mbj;jhd; - gz;Gg;ngaiur; rhh;e;j njhpepiy

tpidKw;W

Ml;lk; Kbe;jJ - njhopw;ngaiur; rhh;e;j njhpepiy

tpidKw;W

fUtp> nra;nghUs; vd xd;wpuz;L FiwapDk; mJTk; njhpepiy

tpidKw;NwahFk;.

njhpepiy tpidKw;W

mKjh Xtpak; tiufpd;whs;

2. Fwpg;G tpidKw;W

nra;gtidAk;> jpiz ghy;fisAk; ntspg;gilahff; fhl;bf;

fhyj;ijf; Fwpg;ghf czh;j;Jk; tpidKw;W Fwpg;G tpidKw;W vdg;gLk;.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 46

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


,t;tpidKw;W nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk; Kjyhd Mwd; mbg;gilapy;

Njhd;Wk;.

(v.fh) Fioapds;> nghd;dpdd; - nghUs;

Cud;> Gwj;jpdd; - ,lk;

Mjpiuad; - fhyk;

nrq;fz;zd; - rpid

ey;yd;> fhpad; - Fzk;

,d;nrhy;yd; - njhopy;

fhh;Nkfk; nry;td; - nghUl;ngah; rhh;e;j Fwpg;G

tpidKw;W

tpidKw;W

nropad; (kJiuahd;) - ,lk; ,uhkd; etkpahd; - fhyg;ngah; Nrhod; nrq;fz;zd; - rpidg;ngah; rhh;e;j Fwpg;G

tpidKw;W. jiyth; vspah; - Fzg;ngah; rhh;e;j Fwpg;G

jhkiu nkd; eilahs; - njhopw;ngah; rhh;e;j Fwpg;G

tpidKw;W

tpFjpfs;: (md;> Mh;> m> J> E> Md;> mh;> Ms;)

3. cld;ghl;L tpidKw;W

nray; epfo;itf; Fwpf;Fk; tpidKw;W cld;ghl;L tpidKw;W

vdg;gLk;.

16. tpilfSf;Nfw;g tpdhitj; Njh;e;njLj;jy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 47

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


,g;gFjpapy; tUk; tpdhf;fs; tpil tbtj;jpYk; rpy rkaq;spy;

tpdhf;Nfw;w tpilahfTk; tUfpd;wJ. vdNt> tpdhf;fspd; tiffisAk;

tpilfspd; tiffisAk; mwpjy; mtrpak;.

mWtif tpdhf;fs; 1. mwptpdh

jhk; mwpe;jij kw;wtUk; mwpe;Js;shuh vd mwpa tpdTtJ.

(v.L) rpyg;gjpfhuj;ij ,aw;wpath; ahh;?

jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpath; ahh;? 2. mwpahtpdh

jhk; mwpahj xd;iw kw;wthplk; tpdtp mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf

tpdTtJ.

(v.L) Iah ,r;nra;Aspd; nghUs; ahJ?

nghUs; ,yf;fzk; vd;gJ ahJ?

3. Iatpdh

jkf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s Iaj;ij Nghf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; Nfl;gJ.

(v.L) ,jidr; nra;jth; ,uhkdh? ,yf;Fzdh?

mq;F Njhd;WtJ ghk;gh? fapwh?

4. nfhsy; tpdh

xd;iw kw;wthplk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L tpdTtJ.

(v.L) tzpfNu gUg;G cs;sjh? vd tpdTjy;

5. nfhil tpdh

xd;iw kw;wtUf;Ff; nfhLf;Fk; nghUl;L tpdTtJ.

(v.L) mzpz Mil cs;sNjh?





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 48

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


khztpf;F rPUil ,y;iyah?

6. Vty; tpdh

xU nraiy nra;AkhW VTtjw;fhf tpdTtJ.

(v.L) jk;gp filf;Fr; nrd;W gq;fs; thq;fp tUthah?

khztNu! jpUf;Fwis kdg;ghlk; nra;jPuh? 1. mq;F epw;gth; Mzh> ngz;zh? - Iatpdh 2. eP Njh;Tf;Fg; gbj;Jtpl;lhah? - Vty; tpdh 3. cd;dplk; ed;D}y; cs;sjh? - nfhsy; tpdh 4. cdf;Fr; rPUil cs;sjh? - nfhil tpdh 5. Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fs; ahit? - mwptpdh 6. nghOJ Gyh;e;Jk; vOe;jpUf;ftpy;iyah? - Vty; tpdh

1. Rl;Ltpil

vz; tif tpilfs;

tpdTk; tpdhtpw;Fr; Rl;b tpilaspg;gJ.

(v.L) njd;fhrpf;Fr; nry;Yk; top ahJ?

,e;j tpdhtpw;F „,J‟ vd;gJ tpilahapUg;gpd; Rl;Ltpil MFk;. 2. kiwtpil

tpdTk; tpdhtpw;F vjph;kiwg;nghUspy; tpilapUg;gpd; kiwtpil

vdg;gLk;.

(v.L) eP ePe;Jthah? (ePe;jkhl;Nld;)

3. Neh;tpil

tpdTk; tpdhtpw;F cld;ghl;Lg;nghUspy; tpilaspj;jhy; Neh;tpil.

(v.L) eP ehis gs;sp nry;thah?





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 49

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


17. vt;tif thf;fpankdf; fz;nlOJjy;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; xU nrhw;nwhlh; nfhLj;J mJ vt;tif thf;fpa

tiffisAk; mjd; ,yf;fzq;fisAk; mwpe;jpUj;jy; mtrpak;.

thf;fpak;

vOtha;> gadpiy> nra;ag;gLnghUs; vd;wike;J nghUs; epiwT

ngw;wpUf;Fk; nrhw;nwhlh; thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;.

thf;fpa mikg;G

ngUk;ghYk; xU thf;fpaj;jpy; vOtha;

- KjypYk; gadpiy -

,WjpapYk; nra;ag;gLnghUs; -

,ilapYk; tUk;

vOtha;

mWtifg;ngah;r; nrhw;fSk;> tpidahyizAk; ngaUk; vOthahf

tUk;.

gadpiy

tpidKw;W (njhpepiy> Fwpg;G) ngah;r;nrhy;> tpdhg;ngah; Mfpad

gadpiyahf tUk;.

thf;fpa tiffs; 1. jdp thf;fpak;

xU vOthNah> xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l vOtha;fNsh te;J xNu

gadpiyiaf; nfhz;L KbtJ jdp thf;fpak; MFk;. vOtha;>

nra;ag;gLnghUs; ,d;wpAk; thf;fpak; miktJz;L.

(v.L) ghujpjhrd; jkpo; czh;it tsh;j;jhh;.

(xU vOtha;) (xNu gadpiy)





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 50

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


Nru> Nrho> ghz;bah;fs; %tUk; jkpio tsh;r;jdh;.

(%d;W vOtha;) (xNu gadpiy)

vOtha; ,y;yhky; (v.L) itfiwj; JapnyO

nra;ag;gLnghUs; gadpiy

nra;ag;gLnghUs; ,d;wp

ghit te;jhs;

(v.L) Kfpy; tz;zd; jpUf;Fws; fw;whd;

mKjd; vOJfpwhd;.

G+ tpopAk; rf;jpAk; godp nrd;wdh;. 2. njhlh; thf;fpak;

jdp thf;fpaq;fs; gy njhlh;e;J tUtJk; xNu vOtha; gy

gadpiyfisg; ngw;W tUtJk; njhlh; thf;fpakhFk;.

(v.L) ngz;Zf;F kjpg;Gf;nfhLq;fs;

chpik nfhLq;fs;> tzf;fk; nrYj;Jq;fs; 3. fyit thf;fpak;

xU Kjd;ik thf;fpaKk; mjNdhL xd;Nwh gyNth nghUs;

njhlh;Gs;s rhh;G thf;fpaq;fSk; Nrh;e;J tUtJ fyit thf;fpak; vdg;gLk;. (v.L) jpUts;Sth;> xt;nthUtUf;Fk; xOf;fj;ij caphpDk; Nkyhf Xk;g

Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpAs;shh;.

1. ehk; tho;tpy; Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; vq;fSf;F mwpTiu

$wpdhh;.

2. kio nga;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJk;> $l;lk; fiyahJ ,Ue;jJ.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 51

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


18. jd;tpid> gpwtpid> nra;tpid> nra;ag;ghl;L tpid thf;fpaq; fisf;

fz;nlOJjy;

gFjp 17y; gapd;w thf;fpaq;fisj; jtpu jd;tpid> gpwtpid>

nra;tpid> nra;ag;ghl;Ltpid thf;fpaq;fspy; VNjDk; xd;iw fz;lwpAk;

tpjkhf ,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt> ,t;thf;fpaq;fisg;

gw;wpa ,yf;fzq;fis mwpjy; kpf mtrpak;.

1. jd;tpid

xUtd; jhNd nra;Ak; nraiy czh;j;Jtijj; jd;tpid thf;fpak;

vd;gh;. (v.L) Nfhij ed;F gbj;jhs;

kd;dh; ehl;il Mz;lhh;

nghpath; flTis njhOjhh;

2. gpwtpid

xUtd; gpwiuf; nfhz;L njhopiyr; nra;tpj;jiy czh;j;JtJ

gpwtpid thf;fpakhFk;. (v.L) Mrphpah; ghlk; fw;gpj;jhh;.





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 52

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


19. ctikahy; tpsf;fg;ngWk; nghUj;jkhd nghUis Njh;e;njOJjy;

ctikahy; tpsf;fg;ngWk; nghUj;jkhd nghUisj; Njh;e;njLj;jy;

,g;gFjp tpdhf;fs; ctikfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L me;j ctikahy;

tpsf;fg;gLk; nghUis fz;lwpAkhW Nfl;fg;gLfpwJ. vdNt. ,g;gFjpf;fhf

Vuhskhd ctikfisAk; mjw;Fhpa nghUl;fisAk; gl;baypl;Ls;Nshk;.

mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk; Nghy - nghWik

ed;ghy; fye;jPikahy; jphpjy; Nghy - nfLjy;

kug;ghit ehzhy; caph; kUl;ly; Nghy - kaq;Fjy;

mLj;jJ fhl;Lk; gspq;FNghy; - ntspg;gLj;jy;

mj;jp G+j;jhw;Nghy - mhpa nray;

mbaw;w kuk;Nghy - tPo;jy;

,yT fhj;j fpspNghy - Vkhw;wk;

clYk; capUk; Nghy - xw;Wik> neUf;fk;

fly;kil jpwe;jhw;Nghy - ntspNaWjy;

gfytidf; fz;l gdpNghy - ePq;Fjy;

cs; sq; if ney;ypf;fdpNghy - njspT

jhkiuapiyj; jz;zPh; Nghy - gw;wpd;ik

Ngbif thshz;ik Nghyf; nfLk; - Kaw;rpapd;ik

xw;fj;jpd; Cw;whk; Jiz Nghy - Cd;WNfhy;

nghUGyp GypNahL rpiyj;j Nghy; - vjpnujpNu epd;W Nghhply;

“flypy; fiuj;j fhak; Nghy” - gadw;wJ

“nfhLf;Fj; Njsha;f; nfhl;LtNjd;” - tUj;jk;

“,bNahir Nfl;l ehfk; Nghy” - eLf;fk;

“nre;jkpOk; RitAk; Nghy” - xw;Wik

“jhiaf; fz;l Nriag;Nghy” - ,d;gk;> mjpf kfpo;r;rp

“efKk; rijAk; Nghy” - ,iz gphpahik

“kio fhzg; gaph;Nghy” - thLjy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 53

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


“NtypNa gapiu Nka;e;jJ Nghy” - eatQ;rfk;

md;wyh;e;j kyh; Nghy - Gj;Jzh;T

,Ujiyf;nfhs;sp vWk;G Nghy - jtpg;G

moypy; tpOe;j GOg;Nghy - Ntjid

fz;fl;L tpj;ij Nghy - khaj;Njiu

gj;jiu khw;Wj;jq;fk;Nghy - ngUik

ehAk; G+idAk; Nghy - gif

miy Xa;e;j fly;Nghy - mikjp

gRkuj;jhzp Nghy - vspjhfg; gjpjy;

Fd;wpd;Nkypl;l tpsf;FNghy - gaDlik gad;

fdpapUg;gf; fha; fth;e;jJ Nghy - mwpahik> Njitaw;w nray;

,iykiwf; fha; Nghy - kiwnghUs;

Miyapy; mfg;gl;l JUk;GNghy - Jd;gk;

Fuq;F ifapy; mfg;gl;l G+khiy Nghy - ehrk;

nrtpld; fhjpy; Cjpa rq;FNghy - gadpd;ik

nre;jkpOk; RitAk; Nghy - xw;Wik

QhapW fz;l jhkiu Nghy - kfpo;r;rp

ePh;Nky; vOj;JNghy - epiyaw;wJ

gok; eOtpg; ghypy; tpOe;jJ Nghy - ,d;gkpFjp

nte;j Gz;zpy; Nty; gha;r;RtJ Nghy - tUj;jk;

mdypw; gl;l nkOF Nghy - Jd;gk; fz;L cUFjy;

Fspf;fg;Ngha; Nrw;iwg; G+rpf; nfhz;L tUtJ Nghy

- FWk;Gfspy; <LgLtJ

nghd;kyh; kzk; ngw;wJ Nghy; - nghUl;nry;th; mwpTr; nry;tj;jhy; Njbf;nfhs;tJ

ckpFw;wpf; if rypj;jJ Nghy - tUj;jk;

fz;zpyhjhd; fz; ngw;W ,oe;jJ Nghy - jtpg;G

fiwahd; Gw;nwLf;ff; fUehfk; Fb GFe;jJ Nghy

- mj;JkPwy;

mr;rpy; thh;j;jhw;Nghy - xw;Wik

mzptFj;jhw;Nghy - xNu rPuhf

mtiy epidj;J cuiy ,bj;jhw;Nghy - ftdk;

Mg;giwe;j kuk;Nghy - cWjp





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 54

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


20. Nkhid> vJif> ,iaG ,tw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;iw Njh;e;njOJjy;

,g;gFjpapy; ghlypd; ,uz;L mbfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L Nkhid> vJif> ,iaG Mfpa %d;wpy; VNjDk; xd;iw fz;lwpAkhW tpdhf;fs; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt> ,tw;wpd; ,yf;fz tiffis mwpe;jpUj;jy; mtrpak;.

Nkhidj;njhil

Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Nkhid. nra;As; Kjy; mbapd; Kjy; vOj;J mLj;j mbfspd; Kjy; vOj;jhf tUtJk;>

Xh; mbapy; cs;s Kjy; rPhpd; Kjy; vOj;J mt;tbapy; cs;s kw;w rPh;fspd; Kjy; vOj;jhf tUtJk; Nkhidj;njhil vdg;gLk;.

Xh; vOj;Jf;F Nkhidahf mjd; ,d vOj;Jk; tuyhk;.

,d vOj;Jf;fs;

m> M - xd;Wf;F xd;W ,dk;

,> <> v> V> C> x> X - xd;Wf;nfhd;W ,dk;

tiffs;

I. mbNkhid

nra;As; Kjy; mbapd; Kjy; vOj;J mLj;j mbfspd; Kjy; vOj;jhf tUtJ mbNkhid MFk;. (,d vOj;Jk; Nkhidahf mikAk;).

(v.L) ehzhy; capiuj; Jwg;ghh; ----------

ehz; Jwthh; ---------

II. rPh;Nkhid

1. ,iz Nkhid

mstbapy; Kjy; rPhpd; (1>2 rPh;fs;) Kjy; vOj;J> ,uz;lhk; rPhpYk; Kjy; vOj;jhf tUtJ ,iz Nkhid MFk;.

,d vOj;Jk; Nkhidahf mikAk;.

2. nghopg;G Nkhid

mstbapy; 1>3 rPh;fspy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ nghopg;G Nkhid vdg;gLk;. (v.L) ez;gw;wh uhfp eakpy; nra;jhh;f;Fk;

3. xUc Nkhid

mstbapy; 1>4 rPh;fspy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ (v.L) mzpad;Nwh ehDilik rhd;Nwhh;f;F m/jpd;Nwy;





TNPSC – GR-2,GR-4


ntw;wp cWjp !! 55

ntw;wp cWjp !!!


4. $io Nkhid

mstbapy; 1>2>3 rPh;fspy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ. (v.L) vz;gjj;jhy; va;jy; vspnjd;g ahh;khl;Lk;

5. Nkw;fJtha; Nkhid

mstbapy; 1>3>4 rPh;fspy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ

(v.L) ghit tpsf;Fk; gyTld; gug;Gkpd;

6. fPo;f;fJtha; Nkhid

mstbapy; 1>2>4 rPh;fspy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ. (v.L) mtph;kjp mida jpUEjy; mhpit.

7. Kw;W Nkhid

mstbapy; 1>2>3>4 rPh;fspYk; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ Kw;WNkhid vdg;gLk;.

(midj;Jr; rPh;fspYk; Nkhid ,Uf;Fk;)

(v.L) fz;Zk; fUj;Jkha; fiyfisf; fw;whd;.

njhil tpfw;gk; Kjy; rPh; ,uz;lhk; rPh; %d;whk; rPh; ehd;fhk; rPh;

1) ,iz * *

2) nghopg;G * *

3) xUc * *

4) $io * * *

5) Nkw;fJtha; * * *

6) fPo;fJtha; * * *

7) Kw;W * * * *


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