Module 5 - SEB-2013-14

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ADAI Associao para o Desenvolvimento Aerodinmico Industrial

Adlio Rodrigues [email protected]

Francisco Bispo [email protected]

Sara Carvalho [email protected]

Nilton Janicas Oliveira

[email protected]

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SEBSEB Simulat ion of Energy in Bui ldingsSimulat ion of Energy in Buildings

-- A s s o c i a oA s s o c i a o p a r ap a r a oo D e s e n v o l v i m e n t oD e s e n v o l v i m e n t o d ad a A e r o d i n m i c aA e r o d i n m i c a I n d u s t r i a lI n d u s t r i a l

Adlio Rodrigues [email protected]

Francisco Bispo [email protected]

Module 5Building operation

Internal gains and Schedules

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-- A s s o c i a oA s s o c i a o p a r ap a r a oo D e s e n v o l v i m e n t oD e s e n v o l v i m e n t o d ad a A e r o d i n m i c aA e r o d i n m i c a I n d u s t r i a lI n d u s t r i a l 33

M o d u l e 5 : B u i l d i n g o p e r a t i o n . I n t e r n a l g a i n s a n d S c h e d u l e sM o d u l e 5 : B u i l d i n g o p e r a t i o n . I n t e r n a l g a i n s a n d S c h e d u l e s

Internal gains

a) People

b) Lighting

c) Internal equipment

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a) People

Used to model the occupants affect on the space conditions;

Provide information to report the thermal comfort ;

Zone or ZoneList Name:

ZoneList can be used with people/area or area/person .

Number of People Schedule Name : the actual

number of people in a zone as defined by this statement is

the product of the number of people field and the value of the schedule specified.

Internal gainsPeople

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Number of People: maximum number of people in a zone that is multiplied by a

schedule fraction

People per Zone Floor Area (person/m 2) and

Zone Floor Area per Person (m2/person): used with the Zone Floor Area to

determine the maximum number of people.


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Fraction Radiant (0.0 - 1.0):

The value will be multiplied by the total sensible energy emitted by people to give the

amount of long wavelength radiation gain from human beings in a zone. The remainder

of the sensible load is assumed to be convective heat gain.

Sensible Heat Fraction (0.0 - 1.0): to specify a fixed sensible fraction for the heat

gain due to this PEOPLE object, default is autocalculate.

Sedentary activity: ~70% sensible, 30% latent


M ETABOLISMO

conv q rad q

solar q ,res lat q

,res sen q

suor q persp q

cond q

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Activity Level Schedule Name:

determines the amount of heat gain per person in the zone under design conditions.

Example for sedentary activity:

(1) http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/met-metabolic-rate-d_733.html


Running in 15 km/h (1)

990 W9.5 met

Reading

99 W1 met

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Carbon Dioxide Generation Rate: by default 3.82E-8 m 3/(s.W)

Enable ASHRAE 55 comfort warnings?:

Yes: warnings are generated when the space conditions are outside of the ASHRAE 55 comfort range.

No: default

Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) Calculation Type: MRT calculation to use for the

thermal comfort model:

Zone averaged (default) MRT for an average point in the zone , calculated based on an area-emissivity weighted average of all of the surfaces in the zone ;

Surface weighted MRT is the average of the temperature of the surface to which the person isclosest (considering a VF=0.5) and the zone averaged MRT . To estimate a person in the space close toa particular surface;

Angle Factor This option requires the user to list the surfaces that the person can see from aradiation standpoint and also define the view factor for each surface;

Surface Name/Angle Factor List Name: to identify the surface for MRT Surface

weighted option.


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-- A s s o c i a oA s s o c i a o p a r ap a r a oo D e s e n v o l v i m e n t oD e s e n v o l v i m e n t o d ad a A e r o d i n m i c aA e r o d i n m i c a I n d u s t r i a lI n d u s t r i a l 1 01 0


b) Lights

To specify information about a zones electric lighting system , including

design power level and operation schedule, and how the heat from lights is

distributed thermally.

Schedule Name: the electrical input for lighting in a particular timestep is the product

of the design level and the value of this schedule in that timestep.

Internal gainsLights

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Design Level Calculation Method

Lighting Level*: insertion of the lighting level ( Watts ) for the Zone, typically

the maximum electrical power input .

Watts per Zone Floor Area**: insertion a factor per floor area ( W/m 2) of the

zone, along with the Zone Floor Area the maximum lighting level is

determined .

Watts per Person** : a factor of lighting level (watts) per person ( W/person ),

along with the number of occupants (people) the maximum lighting level is

determined.* Normally used on real conditions simulations

** Normally used in preliminary design and associated to ZoneList


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Field Name

Luminaries' Configuration, Fluorescent Lighting

Suspended Surfacemount

Recessed Luminous andlouvered ceiling

Return-airducted

Return Air Fraction 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.54

Fraction Radiant 0.42 0.72 0.37 0.37 0.18Fraction Visible 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18

f convected 0.40 0.10 0.45 0.45 0.10


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c1) Electric equipment

Used to model the equipments affect on the space conditions.

Zone or ZoneList Name

ZoneList can be used with watts/area or watts/person .

Schedule Name: The actual electrical input for equipment is the product of the design

level field and the value of the schedule .

Internal gainsElectric equipment

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Design Level:

maximum electrical input to equipment in a zone that is multiplied by a schedule

fraction

Watts per Zone Floor Area (W/m2) and Watts per Person (W/person):

used with the Zone Area or Zone occupation level to calculate the maximum

equipment level.


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Fraction Latent (0.0 - 1.0):

The value will be multiplied by the total energy consumed by electric

equipment to give the amount of latent energy produced by the electric equipment. This energy

affects the moisture balance within the zone.

Radiant Fraction (0.0 - 1.0):

The number specified in this field will be multiplied by the total energy consumed by electric

equipment to give the amount of long wavelength radiation gain from electric equipment in a zone.

Fraction Lost (0.0 - 1.0):

The number specified in this field will be multiplied by the total energy consumed by electric

equipment to give the amount of heat which is lost and does not impact the zone energy balances .

This might correspond to electrical energy converted to mechanical work or heat that is vented to the

atmosphere.

End-Use Subcategory:

Specify a user-defined end-use subcategory,e.g., "Computers", "Copy Machines", etc.


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c2) Gas equipment

Zone or ZoneList Name ZoneList can be used with watts/area or watts/person .

Schedule Name: t he actual energy input for gas

equipment in a zone is the product of the design level

field and the

value of the schedule specified by name in

this field .

Carbon Dioxide Generation Rate: specifies carbon dioxide generation rate with units of

m 3/s.W. Default value of 0.0 assumes the equipment is fully vented to outdoors . In the absence of

better information, the user might consider using a value of 3.45E-8 m 3/s.W which assumes the

equipment is not vented to outdoors.

Internal gainsGas equipment

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c3) Hot Water Equipment

c4) Steam Equipment

c5) Other equipment

Internal gainsHot water, steam and

other equipment

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Schedules

Used to influence scheduling of many items

Occupancy density Lighting Thermostat, controls

Occupancy activity

Control of shading devices Control of shading density

100%

50%

0%

100% 0%

0%100% 30%80%

Schedules

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EnergyPlus schedules consist of three pieces:

a day description;

a week description;

an annual description.

And optional:

A schedule type

Each description level builds off the previous sub-level (day week annual).

Schedules work on days of the week : Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,

Thursday, Friday and Saturday ;

Specially designated days that can be used to designate special scheduling : Holiday,

SummerDesignDay, WinterDesignDay, CustomDay1, CustomDay2.

Schedules

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Type Limits

Used to validate portions of the other schedules.

Lower Limit Value

Upper Limit Value

Numeric Type: range values that are validated:Continuous allows for all numbers , including fractional amounts;

Discrete allows only integer values ;

Unit Type: To indicate the kind of units and used by IDF Editor to

display the appropriate SI and IP units .

SchedulesType limits

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Day description

The day description is simply a name and the values that span the 24 hoursin a day to be associated with that name.

This can occur in various fashions:

1-per hour Schedule:Day:Hourly;

user specified interval Schedule:Day:Interval;

list of values that represent an hour or portion of an hour Schedules:Day:List

SchedulesDay description

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Schedule:Day:Hourly

Hour-by-hour profile for a single simulation day

Name

A unique designation for this schedule.

Schedule Type Limits Name

The Schedule Type Limits object, used to validate the

hourly field values.

Hourly Values (1-24)

The hourly values for each of the 24 hours in a day.

(Hour field 1 represents clock time 00:00:01 AM to

1:00:00 AM, hour field 2 is 1:00:01 AM to 2:00:00AM, etc.) The values in these fields will be passed to

the simulation as indicated for scheduled items.


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Schedule:Day:Interval

The intervals are defined by the user ;

It is possible to define sub-hourly .

Name: A unique designation for this schedule.

Schedule Type Limits Name

The Schedule Type Limits object, used to validate the

hourly field values.

Interpolate to Timestep (Yes/No)

If Yes any intervals entered will be interpolated and that

value will be used at the appropriate minute

Field-Set: Time and Value

Time: A clock time in the format Until: HH:MM .

Value: The actual value to be passed to the simulation at

the appropriate timestep.


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Schedule:Day:List

To facilitate matches to externally generated data intervals;

Can also include sub-hourly values;

Must represent a complete day in its list of values.

Minutes Per Item

List interval to be specified in the number of

minutes for each item, 60.

Field Value (1, N2, N3, up to 1440 (24 x 60) al low ed )

This is the value to be used for the specified number of minutes.


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Schedule:Week:Compact

Further flexibility can be realized

DayType List #

The choices are:

Weekdays;

Weekends; Holidays; Alldays; SummerDesignDay; WinterDesignDay; Sunday , Saturday; CustomDay1; CustomDay2. AllOtherDays

Schedule:Day Name #

This field contains the name of the day

schedule (any of the Schedule:Day

object names) that is to be applied for

the days referenced in the prior field.

SchedulesWeek description

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Class room example

Annual description

Max. Occupancy: 25 persons

Sedentary activity ~120W/person

Max. Equipment Load: 3620 W

Students: Max of 20 Desktops (150W/unit)

Professor: 1 Laptop (120 W)

1 Datashow (500 W)

Max. Lighting Load(20 x 2 x 18 x 1.3=936 W)

Suspended

Schedules

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Classroom

Timetable example

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday0h

1h - 2h2h - 3h3h - 4h4h - 5h5h - 6h6h - 7h7h - 8h8h - 9h9h - 10h10h - 11h11h - 12h12h - 13h13h - 14h14h - 15h15h - 16h16h - 17h17h - 18h18h - 19h19h - 20h

20h - 21h21h - 22h22h - 23h23h - 24h

Occupancy Week

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Class room example

Monday0h1h - 2h2h - 3h3h - 4h4h - 5h5h - 6h6h - 7h7h - 8h8h - 9h9h - 10h10h - 11h11h - 12h12h - 13h13h - 14h14h - 15h15h - 16h16h - 17h17h - 18h18h - 19h19h - 20h20h - 21h21h - 22h

22h - 23h23h - 24h

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Schedule on Monday

Occupancy

Equipment

Lighting

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Class room example

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

16 h - 17 h

EquipmentLightingOccupancy

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday SundayOccupancy Week

16h - 17h

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Class room example

(see solution)

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday0h - 1h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001h - 2h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.002h - 3h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.003h - 4h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.004h - 5h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.005h - 6h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.006h - 7h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.007h - 8h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.008h - 9h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.009h - 10h 0.00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.00 0.0010h - 11h 0.00 0.90 0.60 0.90 0.00 0.0011h - 12h 0.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.0012h - 13h 0.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.0013h - 14h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.0014h - 15h 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.0015h - 16h 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.0016h - 17h17h - 18h 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.0018h - 19h 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0019h - 20h 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0020h - 21h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0021h - 22h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0022h - 23h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0023h - 24h 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Occupancy

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.000.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.000.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.000.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.000.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.000.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00

1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.001.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.001.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Lighting

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 1.00 0.17 1.00 0.00 0.000.00 1.00 0.17 1.00 0.00 0.000.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.000.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.001.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.001.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.71 0.00

1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.000.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Equipment

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Class room example

Schedule Day:Hourly

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Class room example

Schedule: Week:Daily

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Class room example

Schedule: Year

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EXERCISE 05

SCHEDULES AND INTERNAL GAINS

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Exercise 5: Schedules and Internal Gains

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Schedules (THZ1 Data Center)

Always On: constantly on for equipment (100%);

Variable for lighting: 100% during office operation and 50% when building has no

occupancy, except for lunchtime on weekdays.

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Schedule for Weekend

Occupancy

Equipment

Lighting

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Schedule for Weekdays

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Internal Gains (THZ2 Office)

People: 8 persons (sedentary work);

Lights: 8xF1 luminaries (1x56W fluorescent linear T5 lamp each, with electronic

ballasts), recessed and unvented; Light ing level = 448 W; fraction radiant

=0.37 fract ion vis ible=0.18

Electric Equipment: 8xPersonal Computers (150W each).

Design Level = 1200 W

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Schedules (THZ2 Office)

Office schedule: used on weekdays, unused on weekend, holidays (entire August);

from 9:00 until 13:00 and from 14:00 until 18:00.

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00Schedule for Weekdays

Occupancy

Equipment

Lighting

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00Schedule for Weekend

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Schedule type limits

Constant schedule

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Schedule: Day:Hourly

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Schedule: Week:Day

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Internal Gains: People Internal Gains: Lights

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Internal Gains: Electric Equipment

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Results: postprocessing analysis

Module 5 - SEB-2013-14

Documents

Transcript of Module 5 - SEB-2013-14