ICT-Competentiesethische kwesties

en relatie met onderzoekscompetenties

Prof. dr. Frederik Questier – Vrije Universiteit BrusselIDLO studie en ontmoetingsdag 2014

This presentation can be found athttp://questier.com

http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

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Our social responsibility:how open is the future?

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Plagiaat ?

What should we teach our students about copyright?

How and why to avoid plagiarism?

How to share and reuse!

Information and Communication Technologies

have amplifiedthe possibilities formass collaboration

and (incremental) innovation

But laws are far from perfect for it

Copyright18th century vs 21st century

➢ “for the encouragement of learning”

➢ “to promote the progress of science and

useful arts”

➢ Protection on request of author

➢ 14+14y

➢ Protect authors against publishers

➢ If you give copy to every library

➢ Private and non-commercial reproductions allowed

➢ Economic motives

➢ Protection automatically

➢ Till 70y after death author

➢ Publishers demand the copyrights

➢ “Private copiers are pirates”

➢ Protection for DRM

Creative Commons

➢ www.creativecommons.org

➢ 6 combinations of➢ Commercial – no commercial use allowed➢ Modifications– no modifications allowed➢ Sharealike – not sharealike

Share what you want,keep what you want

Why Open Course Ware?

➢ Increase quality

➢ Teachers working together➢ Best course modules are

➢ reused most often➢ getting most feedback➢ getting better again

➢ Saving time & costs

➢ Teachers can start building course from existing material➢ Creation of animated or interactive learning objects is often

too expensive for development/use by only one institution

(Firefox) Creative Commons Search

www.gutenberg.org (public domain)

ocw.mit.edu (CCPL)

www.merlot.org

cnx.org

wikibooks.org

Example made with my studentsnl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Onderwijstechnologie

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Software / hardware / media choice ?

Electronic books?➢ Would you buy or advise your students

➢ electronic versions of (educational) books➢ if they were 30% cheaper than paper books➢ maybe many books on a good reading device ~ paper?

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➢ Be aware: often➢ limited to 1 year

➢ no access in the higher years of study➢ limited to buyer

➢ no second hand buying or sale➢ no library

➢ no extensive printing

Expensive and incompatible

Text To Speech softwareon e-books

➢ Blessing for the blind

➢ 'Copyright violation' according to 'Author's Guild' (publishers)

→ TTS disabled in Amazon Kindle 2

Remote kill flags discovered!

DRM:Digital Rights Management or Digital Restrictions Management?

➢ Restricted➢ export

➢ copying➢ printing➢ Text To Speech

➢ in time➢ to buyer (no second hand market)

➢ biometric identification➢ user info “inscribed” in the work (Microsoft Reader)➢ access info sent back to publisher

➢ to certain hardware (e.g. Mac OS X - Apple hardware)➢ to geographic regions

Regional lockout(DVDs, Videogames, UMD, ...)

DRM

➢ is killing innovation➢ can prevent legal rights such as

➢ fair use private copying➢ time shifting➢ lending services (library)➢ 2nd hand resale of works➢ donation➢ access for disabled➢ archival➢ public domain➢ …

iPad schools ?

Esperenza Computer Classroom with software sponsored by Microsoft

1 computer per user?

One (library catalog) computer per user?

Free yourself from dogmas!

K12LTSPLinux Terminal Server Project

Networked classroomsFat server

runs the applicationsThin clients

visualize the applicationsneed no hard diskcan be 15 years old PC's

356,800 virtualized desktopsin Brazilian schools

The possible effectsExample: extremadura

➢ poorly developed region → economic revival

➢ based on FLOSS (customized GNU/LinEx)➢ computer access for every student

➢ saved >18M € on initial 80,000 school computers➢ total software cost: 1.08 Euro/PC/year

➢ bigger project

➢ stimuli for companies, centres for citizens➢ economic revival -> European regional innovation award

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"The most fundamental way of helping other people,

is to teach peoplehow to do things better

or how to better their lives.

For peoplewho use computers,this means sharing

the recipesyou use on your computer,

in other wordsthe programs you run."

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1980's: Stallman defined“Free Software”

➢The freedom to

➢use

➢study

➢share

➢improve

the program

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The software Freedomsrequire access to the source code

→ “Open Source Software”Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS)

Source code: if encrypt(password) == encryptedpassword, then login=1, end

Compiled code: 001001011101010011001100001111011000110001110001101

1991 comp sci student

Usenet posting to the newsgroup "comp.os.minix.":

“I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.”

6117 persons, 659 companieshave contributed to Linux kernel

"Congratulations, you're on the winning team.Linux has crossed the chasm to mainstream adoption."

➢ Jeffrey Hammond, principal analyst at Forrester Research, LinuxCon, 2010

“Linux has come to dominate almost every category of computing, with the exception of the desktop”

➢ Jim Zemlin, Linux Foundation Executive Director, 2011

“Linux is the benchmark of Quality”➢ Coverity Report 2012

Android, a mobile version of Linux,has overall largest market share

Android

http://www.ond.vlaanderen.be/publicaties/default.asp?nr=261

What is influencing

FLOSS useby school staff?

Methodology➢ Interviews

➢ Model conceptualization

➢ Pilot survey

➢ Web based survey

➢ Model validation

Basis for conceptual model➢ Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

➢ Theory of Reasoned Action➢ Technology Acceptance Model➢ Motivational Model➢ Theory of Planned Behaviour➢ Combined TAM & TPB➢ Model of PC Utilization➢ Innovation Diffusion Theory➢ Social Cognitive Theory

➢ Innovation diffusion Model

UTAUT model

Our conceptual model

Validated acceptance model for Free Software in (Flemish) schools

Do you think it is desirableto use FLOSS in education?

Which softwaredo you use at school?

Which softwaredo you use at school?

What is your motivationto use Free Software?

What is holding back theadoption of FLOSS in your school?

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Conclusionsof the study

➢ FLOSS is being used, but not as a routine➢ Lack of knowledge➢ Misconceptions➢ Perceived barriers

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Recommendationsof the study

➢ for schools➢ Develop FLOSS vision, plan, expertise➢ Teach students how to share

➢ for government and managing structures ➢ Give central role to ICT-coordinators➢ Create an expertise network➢ Improve FLOSS information

Yearly “Speak Up” surveyamong 300.000 US students

Number one complaint about the technological school infrastructure:

2005

“internet at school is too slow”

2010

“school filters and firewalls block websites that we need for our schoolwork”

Filtering ?

Monitoring ?

➢ Apple customers➢ “We want porn, if necessary with parental control”

➢ Steve Job, CEO Apple➢ “Folks who want porn, can buy an Android phone”

But maybe (this porn) filteringis good for schools?

Well first of all,there is something rotten

about what they do filter and do not filter

Schools for years had an emphasis on office software

Some of the popular devices todayare designed to make

commercial consumers of its users

In schools we need software and devices that invite and inspire kids to learn and to be creative!

My fear

➢ (Media and software) companies

will do everything possible

to limit your possibility to copy their works,

or to maximize their profits,

even if it means that user freedoms and privacy

are reduced in internet, technologies and law,

to an unworkable level.

Effect on education?

➢ Computers without programming environment➢ Black box devices and software➢ Point and click courses

→ less students study computer science

If you train people on a specific software product,they will need to be retrainedwhen the product changes

Give them the opportunityto explore programs

Is parental supervisiona protection

against the unknown?➢ Internet literacy of parents

➢ Low➢ → high parental supervision

➢ High➢ → trust their children and hardly regulate Internet usage.

➢ Lou et al., 2010 S.-J. Lou, R.-C. Shih, H.-T. Liu, Y.-C. Guo and K.-H. Tseng, The influences of the sixth graders’ parents’ internet literacy and parenting style on internet parenting, Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology 9 (4) (2010), pp. 173–184

Is supervision effective?

➢ There is no simple direct relationship between➢ parental supervision➢ and the (un)safe Internet usage by their children

➢ S. Livingstone, M. Bober and E. Helsper, Internet literacy among children and young people: Findings from the UK Children Go Online project, LES Research Online, London (2005)

➢ Major obstacle to better technology use in schools?

➢ “The ban of personal devices”

Yearly “Speak Up” surveyamong 300.000 US students

In terms of streamlining or increasing the effectiveness of their traditional school processes, high school students say that they would use their mobile device at school to:

➢ check grades (74 percent)➢ take notes in class (59 percent)➢ use the calendar (50 percent)➢ access online textbooks (44 percent)➢ send an email (44 percent)➢ learn about school activities (40 percent)

Yearly “Speak Up” surveyamong 300.000 US students

9y old Martha Payne bloggingpictures of school lunches got silenced.

Copyright acknowledgements➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/

➢ Figure study CC-by-nc-sa by Tony2 (NOT IN USE!)

➢ http://www.userful.com/products/userful-multiseat-linux

➢ http://www.backbonemag.com/files/Images/BB_2009_06/brazil2_fmt1.gif

➢ http://www.desktoplinux.com/news/NS7546509093.html

➢ L’associazione studentesca S.P.R.I.Te. http://www.geektees.com/funny-shirts/software-is-like-sex-its-better-when-its-free-t-shirt/

➢ Cartoon Open Source Fish by openssoft

➢ Question mark CC-by by Stefan Baudy

➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Magliery

➢ Open arrow, CC-by-nd by ChuckCoker

➢ http://www.graphs.net/201208/byod-in-schools-and-companies.html

➢ BYOD Cartoon a Day

http://mgleeson.edublogs.org/files/2012/02/20120210-205344.jpg

➢ School lunch picture Martha Payne http://neverseconds.blogspot.co.uk

➢ “Privacy erased” CC-by-sa by opensourceway

➢ GNU Head Joseph W. Reiss Free Art License or the GNU GPLv2

➢ Share matches CC-by-nc-nd by Josh Harper

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DARETO SHARE

This presentation was madewith 100% Free Software

No animals were harmed