History of Mullai Periyaaru
13
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About the problem and solutin of Mullai Periyaaru
Transcript of History of Mullai Periyaaru
1
Ky;iyg; nghpahW
‘ Nghpahw;W ntz;Eiu fyq;f
atdh; je;j tpiskhz; ed;fyk;
nghd;NdhL te;J fwpNahL ngaUk;
tsk; nfO Krpwp” .. (mfk; - 149)
vd rq;f fhyf; ftpQd; vUf;fhl;̂ h; jhaq; fz;zdhh; mth;fshy; ghlg;gl;l> Nghpahw;W
ejpapd; FWf;Nf fl;lg;gl;Ls;s mizjhd; ‘Ky;iyg; nghpahW” mizahFk;.
Ky;iyahW vd;gJ nghpahW ejpapd; xU fpis MW MFk;. nghpahW
flNyhL fyf;Fk; ,lj;jpy; Kd;G Krpwp vd;w efuk; ,Ue;jJ. ,d;W nghpahW flypy;
fyf;Fk; ,lj;jpd; mUNf nfhr;rp efuk; cs;sJ. Krpwp efuk;> fp.K.500f;F Kd;gpUe;Nj
jkpof %Nte;jh;fspy; xUtuhd Nruh;fspd; xU cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w tzpf efuhf> xU Gfo;
ngw;w JiwKfkhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. njhy;nghUs; Ma;Tfs;> ,d;iwa gl;lzk; vd;w
rpw;W}h;jhd; gioa ‘Krpwp” vd;gij ep&gpj;Js;sd. Mf 2500 tUlq;fshf
‘nghpahW” vd;gJ> jkpoh;fspd; tuyhw;NwhL njhlh;Gila xU gok; ngUk; ejp MFk;.
fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 2200 mb cauKs;s Nkw;F kiyj; njhlhpy;> Nkw;F Nehf;fp
Xbf; nfhz;bUe;j nghpahw;wpd; FWf;Nf %d;W Fd;Wfis ,izj;J> njd;tlyhf 1200
mb ePsKk;> 162 cauKk; nfhz;L xU gpujhd miz xd;Wk;> mjd; njd;
gFjpapy; ,Ue;j> cauk; Fiwthd gFjpapy; 240 mb ePsKs;s Nggp miz vdg;gLk; rpwpa
miz1881-y; njhlq;fg;gl;L> 1895-y; Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpapy;> fh;dy; ngd;dp Fapf; xd;Wk;
vd;gtuhy; fl;b Kbf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; tl gFjpapy; ,Ue;j caukhd ghiwf; Fd;Wfs;
ntl;lg;gl;L> 420 mb ePsKs;s mizapd; mbkl;lj;jpypUe;J144 mb cauk;
nfhz;l ,aw;ifahd jhk;Nghf;fp fypq;F mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
fypq;F vd;gJ mizapy; my;yJ Vhpapy;> ePiu ntspNaw;Wk; gFjpahFk;. mizf;F
tUk; mjpfgl;r ePiu ntspNaw;Wk; msTf;F fypq;fhdJ mfyKk;> ePsKk; nfhz;ljhf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fypq;fpd; mfyk;> cauk; vd;gij tpl> mjd; ePsk; NghJkhd msT
,Ug;gJjhd; kpf kpf Kf;fpak;. mjd; mbj;jsk; Ntfkhf ntspNaWk; ePiuj; jhq;Fk;
msT ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fypq;F Nghjpa ePiu ntspNaw;wh tpl;lhy; miz cilAk;. NkYk;
fypq;fpd; kl;l mstpy;jhd; mizapd; ePh; kl;lk; ,Uf;Fk;. MfNt gpd;dh; ,e;j fypq;fpd;
cauk; Nfus kf;fspd; gaj;ijg; Nghf;fTk;> mizapd; (Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizapd;)
ghJfhg;G fUjpAk; 136 mb cauKs;sjhf ntl;b Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; Nky; 16 mb
cauKs;s 10 nghpa ,Uk;G gyiffs; (rl;lh;fs;) fypq;F kl;lj;jpd; Nky;
,wf;fp> epWj;jp itf;FkhW fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. fypq;fpd; cauk; 136 mbAk;>
rl;lh;fspd; cauk; 16 mbAk; Nrh;e;J nkhj;jk; 152 mb cauj;jpw;F
mizapy; ePiuj; Njf;fp itf;f KbAk;. mg;nghOJ mizapd; nkhj;j nfhs;ssT 15.562
b.vk;.rp. Mf ,Uf;Fk;. nts;sk; Vw;gLk; fhyq;fspy; mizf;F mjpfgl;rkhf tUk;
tpdhbf;F 2>12>000 fd mb ePiuAk; 155 mb cauj;jpw;Fs;
ntspNaw;Wk; tifapy; fypq;fpd; ePsk;> mfyk;> cauk; Kjypahd
tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fypq;fhdJ ,aw;ifahd fbdg; ghiwia ntl;b cUthf;fg;gl;lJ MFk;. mjd;
mbj;jsk; vd;gJ Nkw;F kiyj; njhlhpd; fbdg; ghiwahy; Md kiyahFk;. MfNt mJ
vt;tsT nts;sg; ngUf;fpYk; cilaNt cilahJ. mizg; gFjp kl;LNk ghJfhf;fg;gl
Ntz;ba gFjpahFk;. mizapd; nkhj;j cauk; 162 mb MFk;. rl;lh;fs; ,y;yhky;
,aw;ifahd fypq;fpd; kl;l cauk; 136 mb. rl;lh;fs; ,wf;fpa gpd; fypq;fpd;
kl;l cauk; 152 mb. mjpfgl;rkhf ePh; tUk;nghOJ mizapd; ePhkl;lk; 155 mb.
Mf NkYk; ‘7” mb cauk; mjpfk; nfhz;ljhf miz fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,e;j cauq;fs; mizapd; mbkl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1900 Mz;bypUe;J
1962 tiu xU rpy Mz;Lfs; jtpu gpw Mz;Lfspy; vy;yhk; mizapd; ePh;kl;lk; 152
mbjhd; ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. 1963 Kjy; 2006 tiu 44 Mz;Lfspy; ehd;F
2
Mz;Lfspy; kl;Lk;jhd; mizapd; ePh; kl;lk; 142 mbia vl;bAs;sJ. vdNt nts;sg;
ngUf;F kpf mjpfk; vdf; fUj ,ayhJ.
Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizapy; ,Ue;J Neubahf ghrdk; nra;ag; gLtjpy;iy. ,J>
ePiuj; Njf;fp> jpUg;gp tplf;$ba xU ‘jLg;giz” MFk;. 162 mb cauk; nfhz;l
,e;j mizapy; 101 mb cauk; tiu cs;s ePiu vjw;Fk; gad;gLj;j ,ayhJ. 101 mb
cauj;jpw;F gpd; NkYk; 3 mb msT ePh; kl;lk; cah;e;j gpd;jhd;>
jkpo;ehl;Lf;F ePiuj; jpUg;gp tpl KbAk;. Mf nkhj;jk; 104 mb cauk
; tiu cs;s ePh; gad;gLj;jg;gl ,ayhj ePh; MFk;.
mizapy; ,Ue;J fpl;lj;jl;l 4 fp.kP. J}uKs;s ntl;Lf; fhy;tha; fisAk;> Ruq;ff;
fhy;tha;fisAk; fle;J kiyg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J 1700 mb cauk; mUtpahf tpOe;J>
,Wjpapy; jkpofj;jpd; itutdhWf;F nghpahw;W ePh; te;J NrUfpwJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; 140
nkfhthl; jpwDs;s xU ePh; kpd; epiyak; jkpof murhy;
fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. itutdhw;wpy; ,Ue;J NkYk; 75 fp.kP. J}uk; fle;j gpd; ,e;j
nghpahw;W ePh; itif mizia te;jilfpwJ. itif mizapy; ,Ue;J 27 fp.kP.
ePsKs;s fhy;tha; %yk; ,e;ePh; Nguizia te;jilfpwJ. mjd;gpd; 58 fp.kP. ePsKs;s
nghpahW gpujhd fhy;tha; %yKk;> 27 fp.kP. ePsKs;s jpUkq;fyk; gpujhd fhy;tha;
%yKk;> gpw gioa mizf;fl;Lfs;> ghrdf; fhy;tha;fs; kw;WKs;s gy
nghpa fz;kha;fs; Mfpa tiffspd; %yKk; ,uz;L ,yl;rk; Vf;fUf;F Nkyhd epyq;fs;
ghrdk; ngWkhW jpl;lk; nray;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpy; gioa ghrdq;fSk;
mlq;Fk;.
Ky;iyg; nghpahW miz %yk;> fpl;lj;jl;l 104 mb cauk;
Njf;fg;gl;l gpd; ePh; jkpofj;jpw;F jpUg;gp tplg;gLfpwJ vd ghh;j;Njhk;. ,t;thW Njf;fp
itf;fg;gl;l ePh;j; Njf;fk;jhd; ‘Njf;fb” vd miof;fg; gLfpwJ. ,jpy; tUlk; KOtJk; ePh;
Njq;fp epw;gjhy;> td tpyq;fFfs; trpg;gjw;F Vw;w #o;epiyia ,e;ePh;j; Njf;fk;
toq;FfpwJ. ,e;j miz fl;lg;gLtjw;F Kd; 20.10.1886 md;W jpUtpjhq;$h; muRf;Fk;>
nrd;id khfhz Mq;fpNya muRf;Fk; ,ilNa xU Fj;jif xg;ge;jg; gj;jpuk;
ifnaOj;jhdJ.
nrd;id khfhzk;> miziaf; fl;b ePiu jkpofj;jpw;F jpUg;gp
tplTk;> mizapd; ePh;j; Njf;fj;jpw;fhfTk; 8000 Vf;fh; gug;Gs;s epyk;>
nrd;id khfhzj;jpw;F 999 tUlq;fSf;F jpUtpjhq;$h; muR Fj;jiff;F tpLtjw;F
,e;j xg;ge;jk; toptif nra;fpwJ. Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd; ePh;
kpd; epiyak; mikf;fTk;> gpw gzpfSf;fhfTk; gyKiw Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfs; elj;jg;gl;L>
mitfspd; mbg;gilapy; gy gzpfis ,U muRfSk; nray;gLj;jpd. gpd; 29.05.1970
md;W %yf; Fj;jifg; gj;jpuj;jpy; nray; gLj;jg;gl;l gzpfspd; mbg;gilapYk;>
Ngr;Rthh;j;ijfspd; mbg;gilapYk; jpUj;jq;fs; gy Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. Mf 1886y;
Nghlg;gl;l 999 tUlq;fSf; fhd Fj;jif xg;ge;jk; ,d;W tiuapYk; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;J
tUfpwJ.
nghWg;gw;w Nfus muRk;> gj;jphpf;iffSk; :
Ky;iyg; nghpahW miz ghJfhg;gw;wJ. mJ cile;J tpLk;. cile;jhy; kpfg;
nghpa kf;fs; Nrjk; Vw;gLk;. vdNt mizapd; ePh; kl;lj;ijf; Fiwf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ
Gjpa miz fl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij Nfus muRk;> Nfus gj;jphpf;iffSk; njhlh;e;J
gug;Giu nra;J tUfpd;wd. kioahy; mizapypUe;J ntspNawpa nts;sj;ijf; fz;L>
miz cile;J NghFk; vd;W 10.05.1925 md;Nw> mjhtJ ,d;iwf;F
85 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;Ng rpy Nfus gj;jphpf;iffs; cs;@h; kf;fspd; fUj;J vd
nra;jpfis ntspapl;ld. gpd; 1961-k; Mz;L Vw;gl;l nts;sg; ngUf;F Fwpj;J> 11.05.1962
md;W gk;ghapypUe;J ntsptUk; ‘ilk;]; Mg; ,e;jpah” vd;w gj;jphpf;if> miz
gioajhfp tpl;ljhYk;> Rz;zhk;Gf; fhiuahy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sjhYk;> miz mgha
3
epiyapy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> ve;Neuj;jpYk; mJ cile;J tplyhk; vd;Wk; nra;jp ntspapl;L
kf;fsplk; gPjpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ. clNd ,U khepy muRfSk; $l;lhf mizapy; gy
njhopy;El;g Ma;Tfs; elj;jp> 10.04.1964 md;W miz ghJfhg;ghf
cs;sJ vd gpufldk; nra;jd. mg;nghOnjy;yhk; Nfus muR nghWg;GlNd nray;gl;L
te;jJ.
16.10.1979 md;W gpugy Nfus ehspjohd ‘kiyahs kNdhukh”tpy; gp.[p.Fhpahf;
Nfh]; vd;gth; vOjpa nghWg;gw;w> ngha;ahd jfty;fSld; $ba fl;Liujhd; ,d;iwa
gpur;ridf;fhd Muk;gkhFk;. mjpy; miz gioajhfp tpl;ljhfTk;> ahid
Xa;ntLf;Fk; msT gy nghpa ntbg;Gfs; Vw;gl;bUg;gjhfTk;> cz;ikf;Fg; Gwk;ghd gy
jfty;fs; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. mJKjy; Nfus muR jd; nghWg;ig kwe;J nray;glj;
Jtq;fpajpd; tpisNt> ,g;gpur;rid g+jhfukhf ,d;W xU ngUk; gpur;ridahf
tsUtjw;Ff; fhuzkhFk;.
mNjrkak;> 1976-k; Mz;L Vw;gl;l xU rpwpa epyeLf;fj;jpd; NghJ miziar;
Nrhjpj;j jkpofg; nghwpahsh;fs;> ePh;j;Njf;f cauk; mg;nghOJ 152 mbahf ,Ue;j
NghjpYk;> 145 mbf;F Nky; Vw;gLk; mOj;jk;> eph;zapf;fg;gl;l msittpl mjpfkhf ,Ue;j
fhuzj;jhy;> ePh; kl;l msit 145 mbf;F Fiwg;gJ vd;Wk;> mizia ed;F
ghpNrhjpj;J> Njitahdhy; mijg; gyg;gLj;jpa gpd;dNu> 145 mbf;F Nky; ePiuj; Njf;FtJ
vd;Wk; KbT nra;jdh;. ,k;KbT Nfus muNrh> mjd; gj;jphpf;iffNsh> mjd; kf;fNsh
ve;jtpjf; Nfhhpf;ifAk; vOg;ghkNyNa mizapd; ghJfhg;G fUjp 1976-NyNa vLf;fg;gl;l
KbthFk;. vdNt 1976-y; ele;j ,e;epfo;T jkpofg; nghwpahsh;fs;
ghJfhg;G tpraj;jpy; kpFe;j nghWg;Gzh;Tld; nray;gl;L te;Js;sdh; vd;gij
cWjp nra;fpwJ. vdpDk;> 16.10.1979 md;W ‘kiyahs kNdhukh” ntspapl;l nghWg;gw;w
nra;jpapd; fhuzkhf eilngw;w 25.11.1979 $l;lj;jpy;> kf;fspd; gaj;ijg; Nghf;fTk;>
mizia Nrhjpj;Jg; ghh;f;fTk;> mizapd; ePh;kl;lj;ij 136 mbahff; Fiwg;gJ vd;W
KbT vLf;fg;gl;lJ. 17.12.1979 Kjy; mk;KbT eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L> ,d;Wtiu
mizapd; cauk; 136 mbahfNt Ngzg;gl;L tUfpwJ. Nfus murpd; nghWg;gw;w
Nghf;Fk;> gpbthjKNk ,jw;F kpf Kf;fpaf; fhuzkhFk;.
Ky;iyg; nghpahW miz - ghJfhg;ghdJ :
xU mizapd; MAl;fhyk; 100 Mz;Lfs;jhd; vdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
Ky;iyg; nghpahW miz fl;lg;gl;L 115 Mz;Lfs; Mdjhy; mjDila MAl;fhyk;
Kbe;J tpl;lJ vd;w jtwhd fUj;J gug;gg;gLfpwJ. xU mizapd; MAl; fhyk;
vd;gJ mjd; gyk; my;yJ ghJfhg;G rk;ge;jg;gl;ljy;y. Mz;LNjhWk; mizapd; ePh
gpbg;Gg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J tz;ly; kz; nfhz;L tug;gl;L> mizapd; nfhs;ssT Fiwe;J
nfhz;L tUk;. 100 Mz;Lf;Fs; tz;ly; kz;zhy;> miz epiwe;J>
mJ gadw;wjhfp tpLk;. mizapy; cs;s kz;iz vLg;gJ vd;gJ
mjpf nrythFk; fhhpak;. vdNtjhd; kz; epiwe;J tpl;lhy;> mjd; MAl;fhyk; Kbe;J
tpl;ljhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Ky;iyg; nghpahW miziag; nghUj;jtiuapy; 101 mb cauk;
tiu kz; epiwe;jhYk; ftiy ,y;iy. mjw;F Nky; kz; epiwe;J tUk;nghOJjhd;
gpur;rid. ,jw;F ,d;Dk; rpy E}W Mz;Lfs; MFk;. mJtiu Ky;iyg; nghpahW
mizapd; MAl; fhyj;jpw;F xU gpur;ridAk; ,y;iy.
mLj;jjhf> Ky;iyg; nghpahW miz Rz;zhk;Gf; fhiuahy; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sjhy;
mizf;F gyk; ,Uf;fhJ vd;w fUj;J gug;gg;gLfpwJ. rpnkz;l;-I tpl Rz;zhk;Gf;
fhiuapd; mlh;j;jp FiwT. mjdhy;jhd; ,f;fUj;J gug;gg;gLfpwJ. rpnkz;l; fyit
nfhz;L fl;bapUe;jhy; 162 mb cauk; cs;s ,e;j mizf;F 90 mb my;yJ 100 mbf;Fk;
Fiwthd mfyKs;s mbj;jsk;jhd; Nghlg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; Rz;zhk;Gf; fyit
vd;gjhy;jhd; 140 mb mfyKs;s mbj;jsk; Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizf;F
4
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpnkz;l; fl;Lkhdj;ijtpl 1½ klq;F nghpajhff; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizf;F Rz;zhk;G fhiu ed;F miuf;fg;gl;L gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nghJthf miuj;j Rz;zhk;Gf; fhiuapd; gyk; ehSf;F ehs; $Lk;. mNjrkak; rpnkz;l;
fyitapd; gyk; ehSf;F ehs; FiwAk;. NkYk; goq;fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l Nfhapy;fs; kw;Wk;
rpy fl;blq;fs; Rz;zhk;Gf; fhiuahy; fl;lg;gl;L 1000 Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf epiyj;J
epd;W tUtij fhzKbAk;. vdNt Rz;zhk;Gf; fhiuahy; mizf;F gyk; ,y;iy vd;gJ
jtwhd thjkhFk;.
nghJthf xU fl;Lkhdj;jpd; gyk; vd;gJ mjd; tbtikg;G> fl;Lkhdj;jpd; juk;>
mjd; guhkhpg;G Nghd;w gytw;iwg; nghUj;jjhFk;. ,e;j Ky;iyg; nghpahW miz
‘cyfpd; fl;Lkhdg; nghwpapay; mw;Gjk;” vdf; fUjg ;gLfpwJ. MW tUlq;fs; kpf
tphpthd Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;L162 mb cauj;jpy; xU nghpa kz; miziaf; fl;b>
mjpy; 142 mb cauj;jpw;F ePiuj; Njf;f> Kjypy; ,lj;ijj; Njh;e;njLj;J cauj;ijf;
fzpj;J &.17.49 ,yl;rj;Jf;F 1867-y; kjpg;gPL jahhpj;jth; cyfg; Gfo;
ngw;w ePhpay; nghwpahsh; cah;jpU ‘Nk[h; iut;];” vd;gth; Mthh;. mtUila Ma;Tg;
gzpNa ,t;tiz fl;Ltjw;fhd mbg;gil nghwpapay; njhopy;El;gkhf ,Ue;Js;sJ.
,th;jhd;> ‘xU nghpa epyg; gug;gpy; kio nga;Ak; msitg; nghWj;J vt;tsT ePh;
me;epyg;gug;gpypUe;J ntspNaWk;” vd;gijf; fzf;fpLtjw;fhd #j;jpuj;ijf; fz;lwpe;jth;
Mthh;. mth; fz;Lgpbj;j #j;jpuk;jhd; ,d;Wtiu cyfk; KOtjpYKs;s
ePhpay; nghwpahsh;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.
gpd; ,e;j kjpg;gPl;by; kz; mizf;Fg; gjpy; Rz;zhk;Gf;
fhiuahy; fl;lg;gl;l mizf;fhd Ma;it nra;J &.54 ,yl;rj;Jf;F>
1872-y; kjpg;gPL jahhpj;J> gpd; mjid jpwk;gl fl;b Kbj;jth;jhd;
cah;jpU fh;dy; ngd;dp Fapf; Mthh;. ,tuJ Ma;Tj; jpl;lk;> tiuglk;> kjpg;gPLfs;
Kjypad ,q;fpyhe;Jf;F mDg;gg;gl;L> mq;fpUe;j cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w nghwpapay;
ty;Yeh;fshy; Ma;T nra;ag;gl;L mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l jpl;lkhFk;. kpFe;j juf;
fl;Lg;ghl;NlhLk;> KOikahd <Lghl;NlhLk; fl;lg;gl;L> ,d;W tiu kpfr; rpwe;j Kiwapy;
,t;tiz guhkhpf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,jid kj;jpa ePh;ts nghwpapay; ty;Yeh; FOf;fs;
gyKiw ghh;itapl;L ,jd; ghJfhg;ig> gyj;ij cWjp nra;Js;sd.
mLj;jjhf> ePh;f;frpT. midj;Jg; nghpa ePPh; fl;Lkhdq;fspYk;
ePh; frpT ,Uf;fNt nra;Ak;. Mdhy; mjd; msTjhd; mizapd; gyj;ij eph;zapf;Fk;
fhuzpahFk;. 1896 Kjy; ,Jtiu jpdrhp mizapy; ,Ue;J tUk; ePh;f; frpT
vt;tsT? mjpy; ntspNawpa Jfs;fspd; msT vd;d? eph;zapf;fg;gl;l msitj;
jhz;Lk;nghOJ vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffs; Mfpa midj;Jk; ,J rk;ge;jg;gl;l
Nfhg;Gfspy; njspthff; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 1922> 1935> 1961 Mfpa %d;W tUlq;fspy;
kl;LNk eph;zapf;fg;gl;l msit tpl ePh;f;frpT mjpfkhf ,Ue;Js;sJ. cldbahf
miziag; gyg;gLj;Jk; cj;jpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L ePh;f;frpT Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ.
kj;jpa ePh;ts Mizak; Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizf;F eph;zapj;j mjpfgl;r ePh;f;frpT
vd;gJ tpehbf;F 748 ypl;lh; MFk;. 18.08.2001 md;W mizg; gFjpapy; epyeLf;fk; Vw;gl;l
rkaj;jpy; mjpfgl;r ePh;f;frpT tpehbf;F 40.874 ypl;lh;jhd;. vdNt ePh;f;frpthy; mizf;F
Mgj;J-vd;gJ>xUngha;ahdjftyhFk;.
25.11.1979 md;W kj;jpa ePh;tsf; FOtpd; jiyth; lhf;lh;.Nf.rp. jhk]; mth;fsJ
jiyikapy; eilngw;w ,U khepyj; jiyikg; nghwpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; cah; mjpfhhpfs;
fye;J nfhz;l $l;lj;jpy; miziag; ghJfhg;gjw; fhd cldb eltbf;iffs;>
,ilf;fhy> ePz;l fhy eltbf;iffs; Fwpj;J gy KbTfs; vLf;fg;gl;ld. ,k;KbTfis
epiwNtw;wTk;> ,g;gzpfs; KbAk; tiu ePh; kl;lj;ij 136 mbf;Fs;
guhkhpf;fTk; jkpof muR xg;Gf; nfhz;lJ. Nfus muR> ,g;gzpfis jkpof muR
Kbj;j gpd; mizapd; cauj;ij 152 mbahf cah;j;j xg;Gf; nfhz;lJ.
5
,jd;gb> mizapd; gioa Nky;kl;lk; xU kPl;lh; mfw;wg;gl;L>
mjd; mfyk; $l;lg;gl;L> ,Uk;Gf; fk;gp fhd;fphPl; me;j xU kPl;lh; cauj;jpw;Fk; mizapd;
KO ePsj;jpw;Fk; Nghlg;gl;L> mizapd; vil 12>300 ld; $l;lg;gl;lJ. NkYk; Nfgps;
Mq;fhpq; vdg;gLk; ,Uk;Gf; fk;gp eq;$u Kiwg;gb mizahdJ mbj;jsg; ghiwAld;
,izf;fg;gl;L gyg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjpf ePiu ntspNaw;Wk; tifapy; fypq;fpd; ePsk;
mjpfg;gLj;jg;gl;L> NkYk; 3 ,Uk;Gg; gyiffs; (rl;lh;fs;) $Ljyhfg; nghUj;jg;gl;ld.
gpujhd mizf;F gpd;Gwj; jhq;Fjyhf ,Uf;Fk; tz;zk; 20 mb fdKs;s
,Uk;Gf; fk;gp fhd;fphPl; Kl;Lr; Rth; mizapd; KO ePsj;jpw;Fk; fl;lg;gl;lJ.
mizr; RthpypUe;J frpAk; ePiu rhpahf msg;gjw;F trjpahf
chpa Nrhjidg; ghijAk; (Inspection Gallery) fl;lg;gl;lJ. mizapypUe;J epuk;gp topAk;
ePuhy; mhpg;G Vw;glhkypUf;f chpa fl;Lkhdq;fs; mikf;fg; gl;ld. mizapd; gyj;ij
fzf;fpl chpa vyf;l;uhdpf; fUtpfs; nghUj;jg;gl;ld.
mLj;jjhf> fle;j fhyq;fspy; %d;W Kiw ePh;f;frpT mjpfkhfpa nghOJ>
fPo;f;fz;l miziag; gyg;gLj;Jk; cj;jpfs; ifahsg;gl;ld. mizapd; Kd;gf;fr;
Rthpy; cs;s fy; fl;bl re;Jfspy; rpnkz;l; fhd;fphPl; %yk; ghapz;bq; nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,J
fpd;dl;bq; (Gunniting) vdg;gLk;. mLj;jjhf> mizapd; Nky;kl;lj;jpypUe;J
mbj;jsj;jpYs;s ghiw tiu 200 mbf;F fk;g;u]h; ,ae;jpuk; nfhz;L
Jisfs; Nghlg;gl;L> mjDs;Ns cah; mOj;j fk;g;u]h; ,ae;jpuq;fs; nfhz;L
cah; uf rpnkz;l; fiuriy nrYj;jp> mizapd; cl;gFjpapy; cs;s rpW rpW re;Jfs;>
,Lf;Ffs; Kjypatw;wpy; ,f;fiury; nrd;W mitfis milj;Jf; nfhs;s Vw;ghL
nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,k;Kiwf;F fpuTl;bq; (Grouting) vd;W ngah;.
,JTk; %d;W Kiw nray;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; fpl;lj;jl;l
1000 ld; rpnkz;l; fiury; mizf;Fs; nrYj;jg;gl;L miz gyg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ.
xt;nthU KiwAk; ,JNghd;w guhkhpg;Gf;Fg; gpd; mizapd; gyKk;> vilAk; $bAs;sJ
vd;gij Ma;Tfs; ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. miz gytPdkhFk; nghOJ kPz;Lk; ,jidr;
nra;J gyg;gLj;j KbAk;. 1986-y; midj;Jg; gzpfSk; Kbe;jgpd;>,g;gzpfisg;
ghh;itapl;l kj;jpa ePh;tsf; FOtpd; ty;Ydh;fs;> gpujhd mizf;Fg; gpd;
fhd;fphPl; Kl;Lr; Rth; vOg;gpaijg; Nghy; Nggp mizf;Fk; Kl;Lr; Rth; mikf;f ghpe;Jiu
nra;jdh;. Mdhy; mg;gzpiar; nra;atplhky; Nfus muR
jLj;J tpl;lJ. kj;jpaf; FO ghpe;Jiug;gb gpujhd miziag; gyg;gLj;j vLj;j
eltbf;iffSf;F Nfus murpd; tdj;Jiw> ePh;tsj; Jiw> fhty;Jiw mjpfhhpfs; gy
,ila+Wfisr; nra;jNghjpYk;> mitfis jLf;f jkpof muR Nfus cah; ePjpkd;wj;ij
mZfp chpa Miziag; ngw;W gyg;gLj;Jk; gzpfisr; nra;J Kbj;jJ.
Nggp mizf;fhd gzpiaj; jtpu gpw midj;Jg; gzpfSk; jkpof murhy; jw;nghOJ
nra;J Kbf;fg; gl;Ls;sd. ,itfspd; %yk; gioa miziag; Nghy; gy klq;F gyk;
nfhz;ljhf jw;Nghija miz cs;sJ.
mizapd; gyk; ghJfhg;ghf cs;sJ vd;gij ,e;jpahtpd; Gfo;
ngw;w nghwpapay; ty;Yeh;fs; mizia Ma;T nra;J mwpf;iffs; je;Js;sdh;. kj;jpa ePh;
ts Mizaj;jpd; nghwpapay; ty;Ydh;fs; FO mizia Ma;T nra;J> tphpthf
tpthjpj;J mizapd; ePh;j;Njf;fj;ij 142 mbf;F cah;j;j mDkjp toq;fpAs;sJ.
mizapd; cauj;ij cah;j;JtJ rk;ge;jkhd tof;Ffis tprhhpj;j cr;rePjpkd;wk;>
,Wjpapy; kj;jpa ePh;ts Miza cWg;gpdh; cah;jpU lhf;lh;
gp.Nf. kpl;ly; mth;fs; jiyikapy; ehl;bd; rpwe;j ePhpay; nghwpahsh;fs;
6 Ngh; mlq;fpa FO xd;iw mikj;jJ. mf;FO miziag; ghh;itapl;L Ma;Tfs; nra;J>
gy;NtW $l;lq;fs; elj;jp tpthjpj;J> Nfus murpd; gy;NtW Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; chpa
6
tpsf;fq;fs; je;J ,Wjpahf 23.01.2001 md;W ePh; kl;lj;ij 142 mbahf
cah;j;j cr;r ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F ghpe;Jiu nra;jJ.
jw;Nghija epiy :
,jid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L> 27.02.2006 md;W cr;r ePjpkd;w jiyik
ePjpgjpia cs;slf;fpa cr;r ePjpkd;w ngQ;r;> mizapy; 142 mb tiu ePiuj; Njf;fyhk; vd
cj;juT toq;fpaJ. Mdhy; Nfus muR 15.03.2006 md;W> Nfus rl;lkd;wj;jpy; ‘ePh;tsg;
ghJfhg;G (jpUj;jk;) 2006” vd;w rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp> cr;r ePjpkd;w cj;juit jLf;f Kad;wJ.
,JFwpj;J> ‘mizapd; ePh; kl;lj;ij 142 mb cah;j;jyhk; vd;w cr;rePjp kd;wj;jpd;
cj;jit nry;yhf; fhrhf;fpa Nfus rl;lkd;wj;jpd; rl;lj;ij clNd cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ,uj;J
nra;Jtpl;L> ePjpkd;w mtkjpg;G tof;fpy; Nfusj;ij jz;bj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;” vd;fpwhh;
cr;r ePjpkd;w %j;j tof;fwpQh; jpU. Nf.vk;. tp[ad; mth;fs;. Mdhy; vJTk;
eilngwtpy;iy. gpd;dh;> Nfus muR cr;r ePjpkd;wj;ij mZfp cj;juit kW ghprPyid
nra;af; NfhhpaJ. Mdhy; cr;r ePjpkd;wk; mjid epuhfhpj;J tpl;lJ.
gpd; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; MNyhridg;gb> ,U khepy muRfSk; Ngr;Rthh;j;ij elj;jpd.
KbT vJTk; vl;l Kbahjjhy;> jkpof muR kPz;Lk; cr;r ePjpkd;wj;ij mZfp
cs;sJ. tof;F jw;nghOJ kPz;Lk; ele;J tUfpwJ. ,JNt jw;Nghija epiy.
Nfus murpd; cs;Nehf;fk; :
Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizf;Ff; fPNo ,Lf;fp vd;w ,lj;jpy; kpfg;
nghpa miz xd;iw Nfus muR> 1979-y; fl;lj; Jtq;fp 1984-y; Kbj;jJ.
,jd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; kpd;rhuk; jahhpg;gJ MFk;. xt;nthd;Wk; 130
nkfh thl; jpwd; nfhz;l 6 nghpa kpd; epiya ,ae;jpuq;fs; %yk;
nkhj;jk; 780 nkfh thl; kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;fj; jpl;lkplg;gl;lJ. Mdhy;
,e;j msT kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;f tpdhbf;F 10>000 fd mb ePh; njhlh;e;J
te;J nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kiwahd Ma;Tfspd;gbahd fzf;iff;
fz;Lnfhs;shJ> vjhh;j;j epiyf;F khWgl;l $Ljy; fzf;Fg;gb
,t;tiz fl;lg;gl;Ls;sjd; fhuzkhf kpd;rhuk; jahhpf;fj; Njitahd
ePh; fpilf;ftpy;iy.
MfNt nghpahW mizapy; ,Ue;J ePh; ngWtjd; %yk; mf;Fiwghl;il Nghf;fpf;
nfhs;s Nfus muR KbT nra;J> Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizg; gpur;ridia nghpJgLj;jp
tUfpwJ. Gjpa miz xd;iwf; fl;b gpur;ridf;Fj; jPh;T fhzyhk;
vdf; $Wtjd; %yk;> 1886-y; nghpahW mizapy; ,Ue;J
999 tUlq;fSf;F ePh; ju Ntz;Lk; vd;w Fj;jif xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk; 142 mb cauj;jpw;F
nghpahW miziaj; Njf;fyhk; vd;w cr;r ePjpkd;w cj;juT Mfpa ,uz;ilAk;
cilj;njhpa tpUk;GfpwJ. my;yJ Fiwe;j gl;rk; 136 mbf;F Nky; ePh; kl;lj;ij
cah;j;jhJ ghh;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUJfpwJ Nfus muR.
Gjpa miz :
xU miziaf; fl;Ltjw;F> mjw;Fhpa ,lj;ijj; Njh;e;njLg;gJ vd;gNj kpf
Kf;fpa mbg;gil. ,q;F nghpahW mizf;Ff; fPo; kpfg;
nghpa gs;sk;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mq;F chpa ,lk; ,y;iy. chpa ,lk; fpilj;jhYk;>
jkpo;ehl;Lf;F ePiuf; nfhz;L nry;y kpf kpf caukhd miziaf; fl;l Ntz;Lk;. mJ
gy Mapuq; Nfhb nryT gpbf;Fk; fhhpak; vd;gNjhL> fl;b Kbf;f kpf ePz;l fhykhFk;.
NkYk; ,d;Ws;s Ky;iyg; nghpahW miz> %d;W fbdg; ghiwfshy; Md Fd;Wfis
,izj;Jf; fl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. fly; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J 2200 mb cauk; nfhz;lJ.
7
,jd; fypq;F fbdkhd ghiwfshy; MdJ. Mf gytpjj;jpYk; ,d;Ws;s miz kpf kpf
gykhdJ> Njitahd cauj;ij ,aw;ifahf cilaJ. Mdhy; Gjpa mizf;F ,JNghd;w
cauj;jpy; ,lk; ,y;iy. ,jid mLj;J 200 mb gs;sk;jhd; cs;sJ. mq;F miz
fl;Ltjhf ,Ue;jhy; gy mb cauj;Jf;F kpfg; gpukhz;l
fl;Lkhdq;fs; Njitg;gLk;. mjw;F kpf kpf mjpf nrythFk;. mg;gbf; fl;lg;gLk;
mizAk; njhopy;El;g Kiwapy; ,ijtpl gykhf ,Uf;f ,ayhJ. mjd; cauk; fhuzkhf
njhopy;El;g Kiwapy; mjd; gyk; ,d;Dk; gytPdkhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt mg;nghOJk;
,g;nghOJs;s gpur;ridfs; njhlh;e;J nfhz;Nljhd; ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt
Gjpa miz vd;w fUj;J gyiu jpir jpUg;gTk;> jkpof kf;fis Vkhw;wTk; Nfus muR
MLk; ehlFk; MFk;. cr;r ePjpkd;w cj;juTf;Fg; gpd;dUk;>
mjid kjpf;fhj Nfus muR> jdJ cs;Nehf;fkhd ,Lf;fp mizf;F mjpf ePiug; ngw>
nghpahW mizapy; ,Ue;J jkpofj;Jf;F ePh; nry;tij jLf;fNt tpUk;GfpwJ vd;gJjhd;
cz;ik.
,Lf;fp mizapd; nkhj;jf; nfhs;ssT 70 b.vk;.rpf;Fk; Nky;.
136 mb cauk; nfhz;l Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizapd; nfhs;ssT ntWk;
11.2 b.vk;.rp.jhd;. Mf nghpahW miziag; Nghy; 6 Kjy; 7 klq;F nghpaJ ,Lf;fp
miz. NkYk; nghpahW mizapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ePhpd; msNth
6 b.vk;.rp.f;Fk; FiwT. Vnddpy; kPjpAs;s Rkhh; 5 b.vk;.rp. ePh; 104 mbf;Fs;
Nrkpf;fg;gLtJ vd;gjhy; mJ gadw;wJ MFk;. vdNt miz cile;J midj;J ePUk;
ntspNawpdhy;$l ,Lf;fp miz mtw;iw jhq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
NkYk; ,Lf;fp miz tiu cs;s kf;fs; epiwe;j gFjpfs; kpff; FiwNt.
mitAk; gy E}W mb gs;sj;jpy; cs;sd. vdNt mit %o;fNth>
mjpf ghjpg;G Vw;glNth tha;g;Ng ,y;iy. kj;jpa ePh;ts Mizaj;jpd; jiytuhf ,Ue;j>
Nfusj;ijr; rhh;e;j> Nf.rp. jhk]; mth;fs;> ‘mizapd; ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghd mr;rk;
mh;j;jkw;wJ” vd;fpwhh;. vdNt Nfus muR cs;Nehf;fj;NjhLjhd; miz gykw;wJ vd;w
gug;Giuia nra;J tUfpwJ vd;gNj ajhh;j;jk;.
Ky;iyg; nghpahwpy; fpilf;Fk; nkhj;j ePhpd; msT vd;gJ 172 b.vk;.rp. MFk;.
,jpy; Nfusk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ 80 b.vk;.rp.jhd;. mjpy;
ngUk; gFjp kpd;rhuj;Jf;F kl;LNk gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ePh;g; ghrdj;Jf;F my;y.
jkpofj;Jf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; ePhpd; msNth 20 b.vk;.rp.f;Fk; FiwT. jkpofj;Jf;F
KOikahf ePh; je;j gpd;dUk; flypy; tPzhtNjh 70 b.vk;.rp.f;Fk; mjpfk;.
Ky;iyg; nghpahW mizia 136 mb cauj;Jf;F Fiwj;jjdhy;>
jkpofk; gy Mapuk; Nfhbia ,oe;Js;sJ. gy Mapuk; Vf;fh; epyq;fs; jhprhff; fplf;fpd;wd.
kpfg; nghpa msT kpd; cw;gj;jpAk; Fiwe;Js;sJ. 1979 Kjy; ,j;jid ,og;igAk;
Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> nghpahW mizia jkpofk; gy Nfhb &gha; nryT nra;J
gyg;gLj;jpAs;sJ. cr;r ePjpkd;wk; tiu nrd;W tof;fhb 142 mb tiu cah;j;j
cj;juitAk; ngw;wJ. Mdhy; NfusNkh GJg; GJg; gpur;ridfisf; nfhz;L te;J>
jkpofj;jpd; Kaw;rpfis Kwpabf;f tpUk;GfpwJ. jkpof kf;fis Vkhw;wg; ghh;f;fpwJ.
kj;jpa muNrh ,itfis Ntbf;if ghh;f;fpwJ. ,e;jpa ,iwahz;ikAk;> Njrpa
xUikg;ghLk;> cr;r ePjpkd;wj; jPh;g;gpd; GdpjKk; Nfs;tpf;Fs;shfp cs;sd. 1979k; Mz;by;
kj;jpa ePh; tsj;Jiw Mizak; kw;Wk; jkpof> Nfus muRfs; Mfpa midj;Jk; ,ize;J
vLj;j ghJfhg;G rk;ge;jkhd KbTfs; midj;ijAk; jkpofk; nra;J Kbj;J tpl;lJ.
Mdhy; md;W vLj;j KbTfs; vjidAk; Nfus muR
epiwNtw;whjNjhly;yhky;> md;W vLj;J KbTfSf;F vjpuhfTk; nray;gl;L te;Js;sJ.
njhlh;e;J vjpuhf nray;gl;Lk; tUfpwJ. kj;jpa muirNah> cr;r ePjpkd;wj;ijNah
8
vjidAk; kjpf;f mJ jahuhf ,y;iy. NkYk; fhuz> fhhpa mbg;gilapYk; mJ
nray;gltpy;iy. ngha;fisf; $wp> kf;fis jpir jpUg;gp jdJ cs;Nehf;fj;ij g+h;j;jp
nra;aNt tpUk;GfpwJ.
mwptJk; czh;tJNk jPh;Tf;F top ( i ) :
cyf ehLfs; gytw;wpy; ePh; rk;ge;jkhd gpur;ridfSk;> jfuhWfSk; ,Uf;fj;jhd;
nra;fpd;wd. Mdhy; mit midj;Jk; cyf ehLfSf;F ,ilNaahd ePh; gpur;ridfs;
rk;ge;jkhd> cyf topfhl;L newpKiwfspd; gb R%fkhfj; jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
,e;jpahTk;> ghfp];jhDk; guk vjphpfshf ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> mitfSf;fpilNaahd
ePh; gpur;ridfs; gyTk; R%fkhfNt jPh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mJNghd;Nw ,e;jpahTf;Fk;>
gq;fshNjRf;Fk; ,ilNaahd ePh;j; jfuhWfSk; $l cyf topfhl;L newpKiwfspd;gb
jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. Mg;hpf;fhtpy; XLk; iey; ejp> INuhg;ghtpy;
XLk; lhd;a+g;> thy;fh Nghd;w ejpfs; Kjypad gy ehLfSf;F ,ilNa Xb gpd; flypy;
fyf;fpd;wd. ,e;ehLfSf;fpilNa cs;s gy ePh; rk;ge;jkhd jfuhWfSk;> gpur;ridfSk;
mjw;fhd cyf topfhl;L newpKiwfspd;gbNa jPh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy;
jkpofj;jpd; fhNthpg; gpur;ridAk; rhp> Ky;iyg; nghpahW gpur;ridAk; rhp>
ghyhw;Wg; gpur;ridAk; rhp Kiwahfj; jPh;f;fg;glNt ,y;iy. NkYk; NkYk;
ehk; ekJ jiyaha chpikfisj; njhlh;e;J ,oe;J tpLtJjhd; kpr;rk;. ,jw;fhd fhuzk;
vd;d? ,e;jpa muRk;> mjd; rpiwf;$lq;fshf ,Uf;fpw jkpof> Nfus>
Me;jpu muRfSk;jhd; kpf Kf;fpaf; fhuzk;. gpur;rid vd;gJ ,U
Rje;jpukhd jdp ehLfSf;F ,ilNa vdpy;> ,d;iwa #o;epiyapy; mJ
vspjpy; jPh;f;fg;gl;L tpLfpwJ. %d;whtJ egh;fs; jiyapLk; NghJ kl;LNk
gpur;rid vspjpy; jPh;f;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ,q;F ,e;jpahtpy;> ,e;jpa muR %d;whtJ eguhf
,Ug;gNjhL> khepy muRfs; Rje;jpukhd jdp muRfshf ,y;iy vd;gJk; Kf;fpaf;
fhuzk;. ,e;jpa MSq;fl;rpfs; jdJ Raey Njh;jy; eyd;fNshL khepyq;fspd;
ePz;l fhy ePh;g; gpur;ridfis mZFfpd;wd. khepy muRfSk; Rje;jpu muRfshf
,y;yhjjhy;> FWfpa Njh;jy; Raeyj;JlNdjhd; nray; gLfpd;wd. ,itfspd; fhuzkhf
kpf vspjpy;> ,UtUf;Fk; gad;gLk; tpjj;jpy; jPh;f;fg;gl Ntz;ba gy gpur;ridfs;
jPh;f;fg;glhkNyNa ,Uf;fpd;wd. my;yJ jkpofk; Nghd;W> ePiu gy Mapuk; Mz;Lfshf
mDgtpj;J te;j muRfs;> kj;jpa murpd; eLepiy jtwpa nray;ghLfshy; mjid ,of;f
Neh;fpd;wd. vdNt ,itfisg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L khepy kf;fs; eLepiyNahLk;> fhuz
fhhpaj;NjhLk; nray;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpak;.
mwptJk; czh;tJNk jPh;Tf;F top ( ii ) :
mLj;jjhf> Nfusj;jpd; czTj; Njitapy; ngUk; gFjpia jkpofk;jhd; g+h;j;jp
nra;fpwJ. mhprp Nghd;w jhdpaq;fs; kl;Lky;y> fha;fwpfs;> Kl;il> ,iwr;rp Nghd;w
Nfusj;jpd; gpw czTj; Njitfis jpdKk; 10>000-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l yhhpfs; %yk; nfhz;L
nrd;W jkpofk; g+h;j;jp nra;J tUfpd;wJ. ,itfis cw;gj;jp nra;a
200 b.vk;.rp. ePUf;F Nky; Njitg;gLk;. cjhuzkhf Nfushtpd; ney; Njitapy; xU
gFjpia> mjhtJ 8 ,yl;rk; ld; ney;iy jkpofk; Nfusj;Jf;F toq;FfpwJ vdpy;>
,t;tsT ney;iyAk; tpistpf;f 7 ,yl;rk; Vf;fUf;Fk; Nky; Njitg;gLk;.
xU ,yl;rk; Vf;fUf;F 20 b.vk;.rp. ePUf;F Nky; Njit vd;why;$l>
7 ,yl;rk; Vf;fUf;Fk; Rkhh; 150 b.vk;.rp. ePh; Njitg;gLk;. gpw czTg; nghUl;fspd;
cw;gj;jpiaAk; fzf;fpy; nfhz;lhy; 200 b.vk;.rp.f;F Nky; ehk; NfushTf;F
kiwKfkhf je;J nfhz;Ls;Nshk; vd;gJjhd; cz;ik. ,jid Nfush czh;e;J
nfhz;ljhfNth> ehk; mjidg; Ghpe;J nfhz;ljhfNth njhpatpy;iy. jkpofj;jpy;
,Ue;J NfushTf;Fr; nry;Yk; tpisnghUl;fspd; msitf; fzf;fpLtJ mtrpak;.
mjd; %yk; Jy;ypakhf vt;tsT ePiu NfushTf;F jhiu thh;f;fpNwhk; vd;gij ehk;
mwptJk;> ehk; mwpe;jij Nfus kf;fSf;F czh;j;JtJk; kpf mtrpak;.
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mwptJk; czh;tJNk jPh;Tf;F top ( iii ) :
,Wjpahf> kpd;rhuj; Njitf;fhfj;jhd; Nfusk; ,Lf;fp mizapy; Ky;iyg;
nghpahW ePiu vjph;ghh;f;fpwJ. me;ePiu kpd;rhuj; Njitf;Fg; gpd; mJ mjid
ghrdj;Jf;Fg; gad;gLj;j ,ayhJ. jkpofj;jpy;> 1700 mb
cauk; kpd; epiyak; mikf;f itutdhw;W mUtpapy; tha;g;Gs;sJ. ,Lf;fpapy; me;j msT
cauk; ,y;iy. vdNt Nfusk; gad;gLj;Jk; ePiu tpl kpff; Fiwe;j ePiuf;
nfhz;L ehk; mjpf kpd;rhuk; vLf;f KbAk; vd;gNjhL> me;j ePiu ehk; ghrdj;Jf;Fk;
gad;gLj;j ,aYk;. vdNt flypy; tPzhFk; ePhpd; xU rpW
gFjpia jkpofj;Jf;F toq;f ,aYk;. me;j ePiuf; nfhz;L kpd;rhuk; vLg;gNjhL>
mjid ehk; ghrdj;Jf;Fk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s ,aYk;. 500 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;
,d;iwa Nfusk;> md;iwa jkpofkhf ,Ue;jJ vd;gij ehk; ,UtUNk kwe;J tpl
KbahJ.
3000 tUl jkpof tuyhw;wpy;> Nfus kf;fs; 2500 tUlq;fshf ek;NkhL Nrh;e;J jkpoh;fshf
gazk; nra;J te;jth;fs; vd;gij tuyhW cWjpg; gLj;JfpwJ. nrq;Fl;LtDk;>
,sq;NfhTk;> Nruh; gFjpiar; rhh;e;j E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd rq;fg; Gyth;fSk; jkpoh;fshf
,Ue;jdh; vd;gNjhL>,d;iwa Nfus kf;fspd; Kd;Ndhh;fs; mth;fs;.
mth;fsplkpUe;J te;jth;fs;jhd; ,d;iwa Nfus kf;fs;. ,itfis ,UtUk; kwe;J tpl
KbahJ. ,itfis ehk; mwptJk;> ehk; mwpe;jij Nfus kf;fSf;F czh;j;JtJk;
mtrpak;. ,it Nghd;w Ghpjy;fSk;> czh;jy;fSk; kl;LNk Ky;iyg; nghpahW
gpur;ridia xU KbTf;Ff; nfhz;L tu cjTk;.
,Wjpahf ,e;j Ghpjy;fNshLk;> czh;jy;fNshLk; ekJ chpikf;fhf
eLepiyNahLk;> fhuz fhhpaq;fNshLk; ,Wjp tiu njhlh;e;J Nghuhbf;
nfhz;bUg;gJk;> ekJ muRfis Nghuhl itg;gJk;> rf kf;fSf;Fk;> muRf;Fk; njhlh;e;J
tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gJk;jhd; ekJ,Wjp ntw;wpf;fhd xNu topahFk;.
- fzpad; ghyd;.
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