History AL Tamil - valvai.com · 1 1.0 mwpKfk; 2007 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; Gjpa fy;tpr;...

49

fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;jufy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu cau;ju

tuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhW

ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;

juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13juk; 12 - 13(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)(,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;)

r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw

nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;nkhopfs;> khdpltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

kfufkkfufkkfufkkfufkkfufk

1

1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;1.0 mwpKfk;

2007 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; Gjpa fy;tpr; rPu;j;jpUj;jj;Jf;F mikthf fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu

cau;juj;jpw;fhd ,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 2009 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J mKYf;F tUfpd;wJ. NkYk; tuyhW ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ Njrpa

nfhs;iffSf;F mikthfTk; khztuplj;Nj Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;Nfw;wthWk; jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ 4 gFjpfis cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. mitahtd>

1. tuyhW : ,yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye; njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1978 tiu)

2. tuyhW : ,e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1206 tiu)

3. tuyhW : INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1989 tiu)

4. tuyhW : etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; fp.gp. 1989 tiu)

tuyhw;iwf; fw;Fk; midj;J khztu;fSk; ,yq;if tuyhW ghlj;jpl;lj;ijf; fl;lhak; gapy Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ,e;jpa

tuyhW> INuhg;gpa tuyhW, etPd cyf tuyhW Mfpatw;wpy; tpUg;gj;Nju;tpd; mbg;gilapy; fl;lhak; VjhtnjhU gFjpiaj;

njupe;njLj;Jg; gapYjYk; Ntz;Lk;.

,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf tpla cs;slf;fj;jpYk; khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

••••• ,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-,yq;if tuyhW :-• gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; “etPd Vfhjpgj;jpa tsu;r;rp” vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; kp\dupf; fy;tp Kiw kw;Wk; Mq;fpNyaupd;

fy;tpf; nfhs;if (fd;dq;fu rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fs; tiu) kl;LNk fhzg;gl;lJ. Gjpa rPu;j;jpUj;jj;jpd;gb mj;jiyg;G

“,ytrf; fy;tpapd; tsu;r;rpp” vDk; cg jiyg;gpd; fPo; 1981 Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd tsu;r;rpiaAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ.

• Nrhy;gup ahg;G kw;Wk; Rje;jpuk; tiuapyhd gioa ghlj;jpl;lk; “Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du; ,yq;if” vDk; Gjpa jiyg;gpd;

fPo; Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du; Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs;> 1972 tiu

ghuhSkd;w Kiwapd; tsu;r;rp> 1978 epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; nfhz;l [dhjpgjp Ml;rpKiw vDk; jiyg;GfSk;

cs;slq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Gjpaghlj;jpl;lk; tpupthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2

••••• ,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-,e;jpa tuyhW :-

,jpy; khw;wq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

••••• INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-INuhg;gpa tuyhW :-• INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;ij khw;wpaikg;gjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa rf;jpfs;> mnkupf;f Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk;> ,uz;lhk;

cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; cyfk; vDk; %d;W Gjpa jiyg;Gfs; cs;slf;fg;gl;L;s;sd.

• gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;gb INuhg;gpa tuyhW INuhg;gh etPd fhyj;Js; gpuNtrpg;gJld; Muk;gkhdJ> Mdhy; Gjpa

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;jpy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; gw;wpf; fye;Jiuahlg;gLk;. mjd;gb fpNuf;f> cNuhk>

fpwp];jt kw;Wk; ,];yhkpa ehfupfq;fs; INuhg;ghit fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;s tpjk; Muk;gj; jiyg;ghFk;.

• mnkupf;f Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk; vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; mnkupf;fhtpy; Kjypy; FbNawpatu;fs;> FbNaw;wq;fs;

mikf;fg;gl;lik> Rje;jpug;Nghuhl;lKk; mjd; tpisTfSk; vDk; tplaq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;Jld; Kbtile;j gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;Jf;Fg; gjpyhf “,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du;

cyfk;” vDk; jiyg;G Gjpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,Wjpj; jiyg;ghf mike;Js;sJ. ,jd; fPo; Kjyhspj;Jt> Nrh\ypr

mzpfs; kw;Wk; mzpNruh mikg;G> gdpg;Nghu;> nfhs;if Nkhjy;fs;> If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; nraw;ghLfs; Kjypa

fhuzpfs; cs;thq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

• ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j jiyg;Gfspd; cs;slf;fq;fspy; khw;wq;fs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. gioa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy;

fhzg;gl;l ,j;jhypia If;fpag;gLj;jy;> N[u;kdpia xw;Wikg;gLj;jy; vDk; jiyg;GfSf;Fg; gjpyhf 1815 ,d; gpd;du;

ypguy; thj> Njrpa thj rpe;jidfspdJk; rf;jpfspdJk; tsu;r;rp vd khw;wg;gl;L ,r; rpe;jidfspd; gpuNahfr; nraw;ghLfspd;

fPo; ,j;jhyp If;fpag;gLjy;> N[u;kdp If;fpag;gLjy; vDk; tplaq;fs; cs;thq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

••••• etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-etPd cyf tuyhW :-• ,e;jpah kw;Wk; INuhg;gh vDk; njupTf;Fupa tplag; gug;gpDs; “etPd cyf tuyhW” vDk; Gjpa ghlk; ,q;F

mwpKfk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; fPo; 1500 fspd; gpd;du; Mrpa> Mgpupf;f> INuhg;gpa> mnkupf;f tyaq;fspy; epfo;e;j

rk;gtq;fs; fw;wYf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

• ,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; 12k;> 13k; juq;fSf;Fupait. mjw;Nfw;g fPo;tUk; mbg;gilapy; ghl cs;slf;fj;ij me;je;jj; juj;jpy;

nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

3

2.02.02.02.02.0 ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

• fhy xOq;F> %yhjhu tpku;rpg;G> fhuz fhupaj; njhlu;G vd;gtw;wpD}lhff; fl;bnaOg;gLk; gFj;jha;T uPjpahd gapy;itAk;

mwpitAk; eilKiw tho;f;ifapy; gad;gLj;jy;.

• RNjr jdpj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; Njrpa xUikg;ghl;bw;Fk; top mikf;Fk; fhuzpfisg; gFg;gha;jy;.

• fle;j fhyj;ijf; fw;gjhy; fpilf;Fk; tpsf;fj;ijf; nfhz;L epfo;fhyj;ijg; Gupe;Jnfhs;sy;.

• fhyj;ijAk; gpuNjrj;ijAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ehfupfq;fspd; tsu;r;rpiaf; fw;W r%fj;jpy; epyTk; gy;tifikapD}lhf

,ioNahLk; nghJthd gz;Gfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.

• Njrpa gpur;rpidfis xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; Muha Kd;tuy;.

4

tplak; tplak; tplak; tplak; tplak; ,yq;if ,yq;if ,yq;if ,yq;if ,yq;if ,e;jpa,e;jpa,e;jpa,e;jpa,e;jpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa INuhg;gpa cyfcyfcyfcyfcyf

tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW tuyhW

1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz1 Mk; jtiz 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 3.1> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 2.1> 2.2> 1.1> 1.2> 1.3> 1.4> 1.5>

3.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.23.2> 4.1> 4.2> 5.1 3.1> 3.2 2.3> 3.12.3> 3.12.3> 3.12.3> 3.12.3> 3.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1

5.2> 5.35.2> 5.35.2> 5.35.2> 5.35.2> 5.3

juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz juk; 12 2 Mk; jtiz 5.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.75.4> 5.5> 5.6> 5.7 3.3> 4.13.3> 4.13.3> 4.13.3> 4.13.3> 4.1 3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2>3.2> 3.3> 4.1> 4.2> 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2 2.1> 3.1> 3.2> 4.1> 4.2

5.8> 6.15.8> 6.15.8> 6.15.8> 6.15.8> 6.1 5.15.15.15.15.1

3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz 6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2>6.3> 6.4> 7.1> 7.2> 4.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.34.2> 5.1> 5.2> 5.3 6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1>6.1> 6.2> 6.3> 7.1> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2> 4.3> 4.4> 4.5 5.1> 5.2>

7 .37.37.37.37.3 7.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.27.2> 8.1> 8.2 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4 5.3> 5.4

1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 1 Mk; jtiz 8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2>8.1> 8.2> 9.1> 9.2> 6.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.16.1> 6.2> 7.1> 7.2 9.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2 7.1> 7.2> 8.1> 8.2> 9.1

9.3> 10.19.3> 10.19.3> 10.19.3> 10.19.3> 10.1

juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 2 Mk; jtiz 10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1>10.2> 10.3> 11.1> 8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1>8.1> 8.2> 8.3> 9.1> 11.1> 11.2> 12.1> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3> 9.2> 10.1> 10.2> 10.3>

11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2>11.2> 12.1> 12.2> 9 .29.29.29.29.2 12.212.212.212.212.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2 11.1> 11.2

13.1> 13.213.1> 13.213.1> 13.213.1> 13.213.1> 13.2

3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz3 Mk; jtiz 14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1>14.1> 14.2> 15.1> 10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1>10.1> 10.2> 11.1> 13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1>13.1> 13.2> 14.1> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3> 12.1> 12.2> 12.3>

16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1>16.1> 16.2> 17.1> 11.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.411.2> 11.3> 11.4 14.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.214.2> 15.1> 15.2 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4 13.1> 13.2> 13.3> 13.4

17.217.217.217.217.2 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5

jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;jtizfSf;Fupa cj;Njr Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs;

5

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp

1.0 fhy xOq;F> %yh

jhu t pku ; r p g ; G >

fh uz fhu paj ;

njhlu;G vd;gtw;wpd;

Clhff; fl;bnaOg;

gg;gLk; gFj;jha;T

uPjpahd gapy;itAk;

mwpitAk; eil

Kiw tho;f;ifapy;

gad;gLj;Jthu;.

2.0 cz;zhl;L kw;Wk;

ntsp miktplj;jpw;

Nfw ; g ehl ; bd ;

tuyhW jPu;khdpf;fg;

gLfpwJ vd;gjw;fhd

fhuzpfis Kd;

itg;ghu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

1.1 ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fsp

D}lhf tuyhw;W tplaq;

fisf; fl;bnaOg;gj;jf;f

tpjj;ijg; gFj;jha;thu;.

1.2 njhy;nghUspay; %yhjh

uq;fspd; Clhf tuyhw;W

tplaq;fisf; fz;lwpaj;

jf;f tpjj;ijj; Njbawp

thu;.

2.1 ,yq;ifapd; ehfupfk;

,irtiltjpy; Gtpapay;

fhuzpfs; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijg; gFj;

jha;thu;.

ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis

10

10

ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;

• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;iwf; fw;gjw;fhd %yhjhuq;fs;

• %yhjhuq;fis tifg;gLj;jy;

• ,yf;fpaq;fs;

• cs;ehl;L

• ntspehl;L

• njhy;ypay;

• ,bghLfs;

• rpyhrhrdk;

• ehzak;

• ,yq;ifapd; tuyhw;iw ,irtiltjpy; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;jpa Gtpapaw; fhuzpfs;

• ,yq;ifapd; Gtpapay; miktplk;

• Gtpapay; miktplk; tuyhw;wpd; kPJ nrYj;jpa

jhf;fk;

3.03.03.03.03.0 ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;ghlj;jpl;lk;

3.13.13.13.13.1 juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12juk; 12

,yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu),yq;if tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhye;njhlf;fk; 1978 tiu)

6


3.0 ,yq;if ehfupfj;

jpd; Muk;gk;> tsu;

r;rp> guk;gy; vd;g

tw;iw Muha;e;J

tuyhw;wpd; tsu;r;rp

kw;Wk; Nghf;Ffs;

gw;wpa tpsf;fj;Jld;

nraw;gLthu;.

4.0 xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l

rkaj;jpD}lhf xOf;

fkhd r%fk; fl;b

naOg;gg;gLk; Kiw

gw;wpa tplaq;fspy;

ftdQ ;nrYj ; j p >

ew;gz;Gfis ghJ

fhf;f gq;fspg;ghu;.


3.1 ,yq;iff;F ePz;l fhy

jdpj;Jtkhd tuyhw;Wg;

gpd;dzp cs;sJ vd;

gij tuyhw ;Wf ;F

Ke;jpa fhyj;jpD}lhf

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.

3.2 ,yq;ifapd; Muk;gf;

FbNaw;wq;fs; gw;wp

tpgupg;gjD}lhf fhyj;

jpw;Fk; miktpw;Fk;

Vw;g ,yq;ifapd; ehupf

tsu;r;rp gw;wp mwpe;J

nfhs;thu;.

4.1 ngsj;jj;jpw;F Kw;gl;l

fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l

topghLfSk; ek;gpf;if

fSk; gw;wpj; njupe;J

nfhs;thu;.

4.2 ,yq ;ifr ; r%fk ;

ngsj;j rkaj;jpD}lhf

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l tpjk;

gw;wp jfty;fis Kd;

itg;ghu;.


06

10


• ,yq;ifapd; Guhjd fhyk;

• Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fSf;F Kd;ida fhyk;

• Muk;gf ; FbNaw ;wq ;fSk; guk ;gyiljYk; -

tp[adpypUe;J Njthdk;gpajp];]d; tiu

• ,yq;ifapy; ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhjYk; guk;gyil

jYk;

• kfpe;j Njuupd; tUiff;F Kd; fhzg;gl;l topghL

fSk; ek;gpf;iffSk;

• ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhjYk; guTjYk;

• ,e;jpag; gpd;dzp

• ,yq;ifapy; ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhjy;

• ngsj;j rkak; Muk;gkhd gpd;du; ,yq;ifapy;

Vw;gl;l r%f gz;ghl;L NtWghLfs;

7

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp5.0 ,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW

fhyfl;lq;fspYk;

Vw ;gl ;l murpay;

Njhw ;wg ;ghLfis

mw ptjd ; %yk ;

ngw;w mDgtj;jhy;

e pfo ;fhyj;ijAk;

vj pu ;fhyj ;ijAk ;

tsg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;

tjw;fhf mtw;iwg;

g p u N a h r d k h d

Kiwapy; gad;gLj;

jpf; nfhs;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;5.1 Ml;rpahsu;fspd; Fztp

ay;Gfspd; mbg;gil

apy; murpd; vOr;rpia

Ak ; t Po ; r ; r piaAk ;

mDuhjGu ,uhrjhdp

mur pay pd ; Clhf

tpgupg;ghu;.

5.2 ntspehl;L nry;thf;F

fspD}lhf ehl ;bd ;

tuyhW khw;wkilAk;

Kiwapidg; gw;wpa

jfty;fis mDuhjGu

,uhrjhd p Clhf

Nrfupg;ghu;.

5.3 mDuhjGu uhr;rpaj;jpd;

vOr;rpf;Fk; tPo;r;rpf;Fk;

gq;fspj;j fhuzpfis

ju;f;fuPjpahf Muha;thu;.

5.4 ntspehl;L nry;thf;F

fspd; fhuzkhf ehl;

bd; tuyhW khw;wkil

Ak; tpjk; njhlu;ghd

jfty;fis nghyd

Wit uhrjhdpA+lhfr;

Nrfupg;ghu;.

ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtis45

ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;• uh[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd; murpay; tsu;r;rp.

• mDuhjGu uh[jhdp

• gz;Lfhga kd;ddpypUe;J Ie;jhk; k`pe;j

kd;dd; tiuapyhd murpay; tsu;r;rp

• ntspehLfSld; epytpa njhlu;GfSk; mtw;wpd;

nry;thf;FfSk;

• murpd; tsu;r;rp

• epu;thf Kiw

• mDuhjGu uhrjhdpapd; rPu;FiyTk; tPo;r;rpAk;

• nghyd;dWit uh[jhdp

• Nrhou; Ml;rp

8

Nju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rpNju;r ;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

5.5 Ml;rpahsupd; Fztpay;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy;murpd; vOr;rp> tPo;r;rpmilAk; tpjq;fisnghydWit ,uhrjhdpapD}lhf tpgupg;ghu;.

5.6 Guhjd fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ngz;fspd; caupajiyikj;Jtj;ij kjpg;ghu;.

5.7 ntspehl;L nry;thf;Ffs; %yk; ehl ;bd ;tuyhW khw;wkilAk;tpjk; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis nghydWit,uhrjhdp Clhfr ;Nrfupg;ghu;.

5.8 gyk;kpf;f ,uhrjhdpahf tpsq;fpa nghydWita pd ; vOr ; r p >tPo;r;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fis ju;f;f uPjpahffl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;

• Kjyhk; tp[aghF kd;ddpypUe;J fhypq;f khfd;tiuapyhd murpay; tsu;r;rp

• ngz;fspd; jiyikj;Jtk;

• ntspehLfSld; nfhz;bUe;j cwTfSk; mtw;wpd;tsu;r;rpAk;• murpd; tsu;r;rp• epu;thf Kiw

• nghyd;dWit uh[jhdpapd; rPu;FiyTk; tPo;r;rpAk;

9


6.0 u[ul;il ehfupfj;

jpd; nghUshjhuk;

kw;Wk; r%fk; gw;wp

EZfp Muha;e ;J

Njrpa mUQ;nry;

tq;fisAk; jdpj;J

tj;ijAk; ghJfhf;f

nraw;gLthu;.


6.1 u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd;capu;ehbahf tptrhak;xOq ;fikf ;fg ; gl ; ltpjj ;ij Muha;e ;Jmjd; Kd;khjpupfisepfo;fhyj;Jld; xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;g;ghu;.

6.2 tws; tyaj;jpw;F ePu;g;ghrdk; gw;wp Muha;e;JGuhjd mUQ;nry;tq;fisg; ghJfhf;f Kd;tUthu;.

6.3 u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd;tpahghuk;> ifj;njhopy;kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gk;vd;gd me;ehfupfj;ijf;f l ; b naOg ; G t j p y ;gq ;fspj ;j tpjj ;ijMuha;e;J mt;tUQ;nry;tq;fis njhlu;e;Jk; ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; nraw;gLthu;.

6.4 u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd;gz;ghl;L Nkk;ghL gw;wpNjbawpe;J mjd; jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhf;Fk;tifapy; nraw;gLthu;.


40


• u[ul;il ehfupfj;jpd; nghUshjhu KiwikAk;r%fKk;• tptrhak;

• ePu;g;ghrdk;

• tpahghuKk; ifj;njhopYk; njhopDl;gKk;

• gz;ghl;L tsu;r;rp

10


7.0 ,yq;ifapy; gy;NtW

fhyfl ; lq ; fs py ;

epfo;e;j r%f> murp

ay;> nghUshjhu

tsu;r;rp gw;wp Muha;

e;J mtw;wpy; cs;s

Kd; khj pu pfis

jw ;fhyk ; kw ;Wk ;

v j p u ; f h y j ; i j

ntw;wpailar; nra;

ag; gaDWjpkpf;f

tifapy; gad;gLj;J

thu;.


7.1 nghydWit ,uhrjhdp

tPo;r;rpaile;j gpd;du;

Njhd;wpa ,uhrjhdpfs;

gw ;w pa jfty;fis

Nrfupg;ghu;.

7.2 nghydWit tPo;r;rpa

ile;j gpd;du; Njhd;wpa

,uhrjhdpfs; ntspehL

fSld; nfhz;bUe;j

njhlu ;Gfs ; kw ;Wk ;

mtw;wpd; nry;thf;Ffs;

gw;wp tpgupg;ghu;.

7.3 nghydWit tPo;r;rpa

ile;j gpd;du; Njhd;wpa

,uhrjhdpfsJ r%f>

nghUshjhu> gz;ghl;L

jfty ;fis EZfp

Nehf;fp mjd; jdpj;J

tj ;ij ghJfhf ; f

gq;fspg;ghu;.


30


• u[ul;il ehfupfk; tPo;r;rpaile;j fhyk; njhl;L 16

Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gk; tiuapyhd ,yq;if

• ,uhrjhdpfs; ,l khw;wkiljy;> jk;gnjdpa>

ahg;g$t> FUzhfy;> fk;gis> Nfhl;il

• aho;g;ghz ,uhrjhdp

• ntspehLfSld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;GfSk;

mtw;wpd; nry;thf;FfSk;

• nghUshjhuk;

• r%fk;> gz;ghL

11


1.0 fhy xOq;F> %yh

jhu t pku ; r p g ; G >

fh uz fhu paj ;

njhlu;G vd;gtw;wpd;

Clhf fl;bnaOg;

gg;gLk; gFj;jha;T

uPjpahd gapy;it

Ak ; mw pitAk ;

eilKiw tho;f;

ifapy; gad;gLj;

Jthu;.


1.1 ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;f

s pd ; JizAld ;

,e;jpa tuyhW fl;b

naOg;gg;gl;l tpjk;

gw;wp Muha;e;jwpthu;.

1.2 ,e;jpa tuyhw;iwf;

fl ; bnaOg ; Gtj py ;

njhy;ypay; %yhjhuq;

fs ; gq ;fs p g ; G r ;

nra;Js;s tpjk; gw;wp

Muha;thu;.


08


• Kf;fpa tuyhw;W %yhjhuq;fs;

• ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs;

• njhy;nghUspay; %yhjhuq;fs;


,e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu),e;jpa tuyhW (Guhjd fhye;njhlf;fk; 1206 tiu)

12


2.0 fhyk;> ,lk; Mfpa

tw;iw mbg;gil

ahff ; nfhz ;L

ehfupfj;jpd; tsu;r;rp

ia fw;ifapy; r%

fj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;

NtWghLfspD}lhf

, i o N a h L k ;

nghJg; gz;Gfisg;

gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;

thu;.


2.1 ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay;

mikT mjd; tuyhw;

w py ; nry ;thf ;Fr ;

nrYj;jpa tpjj;ij

Muha;e;J tpsf;fk;

ngWthu;.

2.2 ,e;jpahtpd; tprhyj;

jd;ikAk; gy;tif

ikAk; ,e;jpa tu

yhw;wpy; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;jpAs;s tpjj;

ij Muha;e;jwpthu;.


14


• Gtpapay; fhuzpfs; ,e;jpa tuyhw;wpy; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;jpa tpjk;

• ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay; mikT (cs;thup/ntspthup)

• kj;jpa MrpahtpypUe;J Ntwhf mike;jpUj;jy;

• tlNky; fztha;> fbdg; ghij

• jiuj;Njhw;wk;

• ejpg; gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;> JiwKfq;fs;

• kiyj;njhlu;fs;

• gPlG+kpfSk; rkntspfSk;

• ghiytdq;fs;

• njd; ,e;jpahtpd; mikT

• ,e;jpahtpd; tprhyj;jd;ikAk; gy;tifikAk;

13


3.0 rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;

kw ;Wk ; itjpfg ;

gz;Gfspd; Clhf

,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd;

Njhw;wk; gw;wp guprP

ypg;ghu;.


3.1 njhy ;nghUs pay ;

rhd;wpfspd; %yk;

rpe;Jntsp ehfupfj;

jpd; Njhw;wk;> jd;ik>

mjd; tPo;r;rp Mfpad

gw;wpa tuyhw;iwf;

fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.

3.2 rpe;Jntsp ehfupfkh

dJ gpe;jpa ehfupf

tsu;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fspj;j

tpjj;ij Muha;thu;.

3.3 ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;

fspD}lhf itjPf

ehfupfk; njhlu;ghd

tuyhw;iw Muha;

thu;.


20

20


• ,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wk;

• rpe;Jntsp ehfupfk;

• Muk;gk; (cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L)

• tpuptiljy;

• rpe;Jntsp ehfupfj;jpd; efu ,ay;G

• Nkw;gb ehfupfj;jpd; gq;fspg;Gfs;

• efuhf;fk;

• nghUshjhuk;

• gz;ghL

• itjPfg; gz;Gfs;

• ,Uf;F itjPf Afk;

• Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fSk; gutYk;

• r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> fyhrhuk;

• itjPf Afj;Jf;Fk; gpw;gl;l fhyk;

• r%fg; nghUshjhu epiy

• fyhrhuk;

14


4.0 ehfupfj;jpd; tsu;

r;rp gbg;gbahf Xu;

fhy xOq;fpy; ,lk;

ngWfpwJ vd;gij

, e ; j p a h t p d ;

tuyhw;W epfo;T

fspd; %yk; fl;b

naOg;Gthu;.


4.1 Nfhj;jpu Afj;jpypU

e ;J NguuR Afk ;

tiuf;Fk; ,e;j pa

ehfu pfk ; t pUj ;

jpaile;j tpjj;ijg;

guprPypg;ghu;.

4.2 rka kw;Wk; jj;Jtf;

fUj;Jf;fs; ,e;jpa

ehfu pfj ;ij fl ;b

naOg;g gq;fspj;j

Kiw gw;wp EZfp

Muha;thu;.


30

12


• NguuRk; tiu ,e;jpah

• murpay; epiyik

• itjPf Afj ;j pd ; g pd ;duhd mur pay ;

epiyikfs;

• fp.K. Vohk; Mwhk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; tl

,e;jpahtpy; murpay; epiyik

• gjpdhW khngUk; FbNaw;wq;fs;

• kfj Nguurpd; Njhw;wKk; guk;gYk;

• ,e;jpa rka kw;Wk; jj;Jtr; rpe;jidfspd; tsu;r;rp

• gpuhkzpak;> rkz rkak;> ngsj;j rkak;> NtW

rkaq;fs;

15


5.0 nksupa Nguurpd;

vOr ; r p kw ;Wk ;

tPo;r;rp Mfpatw;wp

D}lhf munrhd;

iw gyk; tha;e;j

tifapy; nfhz;L

nry;tjw;fhf gpd;

gw;w Ntz;ba fhu

zpfs; gw;wp ftdQ;

nrYj;Jthu;.


5.1 gyk;tha;e;j nksupa

Nguurpid fl;bnaOg;

gg;gl;l tpjk; gw;wp

gFg; gha;T nra;thu;.

5.2 NguuR xd;wpy; fhzg;

gl;l rpwg;ghd gz;G

fis nksupa Nguu

rpD}lhfg; guPl;rpg;ghu;.

5.3 gyk;tha;e;j NguuR

xd;wpd; tPo;r;rpapy;

nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;

Jk ; fhuz pfis

nksupag; NguurpD}

lhfg; gFg;gha;T nra;

thu;.


25


• nksupag; NguuR

• nksupa mjpfhu tpupthf;fk;

• epu;thf Kiw

• mNrhf ePjp

• fyhrhu mgptpUj;jp

• nksupa Nguurpd; tPo;r;rp

16


1.0 gy;NtW rf;jpfspd;

Mj pf ;fj ;j pdhy ;

ehfupfj;ij fl;b

naOg;gg;gLk; tpjj;

ij INuhg ; g pa

ehfupfj;jpD}lhf

gFg;gha;T nra;

thu;.


1.1 f pNuf ;f > cNuhk>

fpwp];jt ehfupfq;fs;

INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;

Jf;F mbg;gilahf

mike;j tpjk; gw;wp

gFj;jha;thu;.

1.2 typikkpf;f INuhg;gpa

ehfu pfj ;j pd ; k PJ

,];yhkpa ehfupfj;

jpd; jhf;fk; gw;wpg;

guprPypg;ghu;.


15


• INuhg;gpa ehfupfj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;jpa rf;jpfs;

• fpNuf;f> cNuhk kw;Wk; fpwp];jt ehfupfk;

• fpNuf;f ehfupfk;

• cNuhk ehfupfk;

• fpwp];jt ehfupfk;

• ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;

3.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 123.3 juk; 12

INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 Kjy; 1989 tiu)

17


2.0 INuhg;ghtpy; epfo;

e ;j khw ;wq ;fs ;

cyfpy; nry;thf;

Fr; nrYj;jpa tpjj;

jpidg; gFg;gha;T

nra;thu;.


2.1 khd pa Kiwa pd ;

Kf;fpa gz;Gfis

Muha;e;J INuhg;gpa

ehfupfj;jpd; tsu;r;rp

apd; Kf;fpa fl;lkhf

mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;

ijg; gFg;gha;T nra;

thu;.

2.2 INuhg;gpa ehfupfk;

etPd Afj;jpw;F gpu

Ntrpj;j tpjj;ij kW

kyu;r;rp> Gjpa fz;L

gpbg;Gf;fs;> Njrpa

muRfspd ; vOr ;r p

vd;gtw;w pd ; %yk;

gFg;gha;T nra;thu;.

2.3 ehLfhz; gazq;fs;>

INuhg;ghtpd; mjpfh

ug; guty; vd;gtw;wpd;

Clhfg; NguuRfs;

fl ;bnaOg ;gg ; gl ;l

tpjj;ijg; guPl;rpg;ghu;.


18


• INuhg;gh etPd Afj;jpy; gpuNtrpj;jy;

• khdpa KiwAk; mjd; tPo;r;rpAk;

• etPd Afj;jpy; gpuNtrpj;jy;

• kWkyu;r;rp

• Njrpa muRfspd; vOr;rp

• tpQ;Qhdf; fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs;

• ehLfhz; gazq;fSk; INuhg;gpa Mjpf;f tsu;r;rpAk;

18


3.0 tsu ;r ;r paile ;J

te;j kdpj ehfupfk;

gy;NtW jhf;fq;fsp

dhy; gue;j khw;wq;f

Sf;F cs;shdJ

gw;wp tpsq;fp epfo;

f hyj ;ij vj p u ;

nfhs;Sk; jpwidg;

ngWthu;.


3.1 fpwp];jt ehfupfj;ij

m b g ; g i l a h f f ;

nfhz;L cUthfpap

Ue ; j INuhg ; g pa

ehfupfj;jpy;> rkar;

rPu;j;jpUj;jq;fs; Vw;

gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;

fisg; gFg;gha ;T

nra;thu;.

3.2 Gul;l];jhe;J> Gul;l];

jhe;J vjpu; eltbf;

iffshy; INuhg;gpa

tuyhw;wpy; epfo;e;j

khw;wq;fs; gw;wpa jf

ty;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.

3.3 N[u;kdpiag; Nghu;f;

fskhf ikag;gLj;jp

eilngw;w njhlu; Aj;

jq;fs; gw;wp Ma;e;jwp

thu;.


20


• rkar; rPu;jpUj;jq;fSk; Gul;l];jhe;Jf;F vjpuhd

rPu;jpUj;jq;fSk;

• rkar; rPu;jpUj;jq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dzpahf mike;

jit

• Gul;l];jhe;J ,af;fk;

• Gul;l];jhe;J vjpu; rPu;jpUj;j ,af;fk;

• Kg;gjhz;L Aj;jk;

19


4.0 kdpj cupikfisg;

ngWk; nghUl;L

e Pz ;l fhykhf

Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;

sg;gl;l tpjj;ijg;

gFj;jha;thu;.

5.0 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rp>

kdpj eltbf;if

fs ; khw ; wkil

tjpy; gq;fspj;j

tpjk; gw;wpg; gFg;

gha;T nra;thu;.


4.1 murdpd; mjpfhuj;ij

kPwp> ghuhSkd;wj;jpd;

mj pfhuj ;ij t pu p

thf;Fk; nghUl;L>

,q;fpyhe;J kf;fs;

Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;w

Nghuhl ; lk ; kd pj

,dj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;

jpw;F toptFj;j tpjk;

gw;wpg; gFj;jha;thu;.

4.2 ghuhSkd;w Kiwapd;

gpujhd ,ay;Gfisg;

gpupj;jhdpa Kiwik

apD}lhfj; gFj;jha;

thu;.

5.1 iffshy ; nra ;j

Ntiyfis ,ae;jpuq;

fsplk; xg ;gilj;j

njhopw; Gul;rpahdJ

cyfg; Nghf;ifNa

khw;wpaikj;j tpjk;

gw;wpa jfty;fisj;

jpul;Lthu;.


13

13


• gpupj;jhdpag; ghuhSkd;w Kiw

• ghuhSkd;w Kiwapd; Muk;gKk; tsu;r;rpAk;

tpisTfSk;

• ghuhSkd;wj;jpd; ,ay;Gfs;

• gpujpepjpj;Jt Kiw

• fl;rp Kiw

• mikr;ruit Kiw

• ifj;njhopy; Gul;r;p

• Muk;gk;

• tpuptiljy;

• tpisTfs;

20


6.0 $l;lhfr; nraw;gL

tjd; %yk; jkJ

cupikfis ntd;

nwLf ;f KbAk ;

vd;gij mnkupf;f

Rje;jpu Nghuhl ;

lj;jpd; %yk; gFg;

gha;T nra;thu;.


6.1 mnkupf;fhtpy; tho;e;j

Muk;gf; Fbkf;fs;

gw;wpa jfty;fisf;

Nfhitg;gLj;Jthu;.

6.2 jw ; f hy cyfk ;INuhg ; g pa

ehfupfj;jpw;F ,ir

thf;fk; ngw;w tpjj;

ijf; FbNaw;wq;fspd;

Njhw;wj;jpD}lhfg; guPl;

rpg;ghu;.

6.3 NguurpypUe;J tpL

jiy ngWk; nghUl;L

Nkw ;nfhs ;sg ; gl ;l

Nghuhl ;lk ; > e piw

Ntw ;w pf ; nfhz ;l

murpay; ahg;G vd;g

tw;wpdhy; mnkupf;f

Rje;jpug; Nghu; cyf

tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpaj;

Jtk; ngWk; tpjj;ijg;

gFj;jha;thu;.


12


• mnkupf;f Rje;jpug;Nghuhl;lk;

• Muk;gf; Fbfs;

• INuhg;gpau; mnkupf;fhTf;F tUk;NghJ mq;F

tho;e;jtu;fs;

(nrt;tpe;jpau;> m];nlf;> ,d;fh> khah)

• FbNaw;wq;fs; Njhd;Wjy;

• INuhg;gpau; mnkupf;fhtpw;F te;jikf;fhd

fhuzq;fs;

• INuhg;gpau; (];ghdpau;> gpuhd;rpau;> Mq;fpNyau;)

mnkupf;fhtpy; FbNaw;wq;fis epWTjy;

• ,q;fpyhe;jpd; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; FbNaw;wq;fs;

epUtfpf;fg;gl;l tpjk;

• Rje;jpug; Nghu;

• FbNaw;w thrpfspd; ntw;wpf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

• Rje;jpuk; ngwy;> Gjpa murpay; ahg;gpid epiw

Ntw;wpf; nfhz;lik.

21


7.0 fLikahd Nghuhl;

lj;jpd; %yk; ntd;

nwLj;j kdpj cup

ikfis ghJfhf;

Fk ; tifa py ;

nraw;gLthu;.

8.0 tuyhw;wpy; Kf;fpa

khd jdpahl;fsJ

e lt b f ; i f fs ;

tuyhw;iw fl;b

naOg;g gq;fspj;j

tpjj;ij gFg;gha;T

nra;thu;.


7.1 gy;NtW Vw;wj;jho;Tfshy; Gul;rpfs; cUthF f p d ; w i k i agpuhd;rpag; Gul;rpapd;mbg;gilapy; gFj;jha;thu;;.

7.2 g p u hd ; r pa kf ;fs ;Kd;ndLj;Jr; nrd;wGul ;r papd; tpisTfs pd ; fhuzkhfngwg;gl;l kdpjdpd;mbg;gil cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fgq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

8.1 n e g ; N g h y p ad p d ;r P u ; j p U j ; j q ; f s ; >gpuhd;rpa Njrpaj;ijfl;bnaOg;g gq;fspj;jKiwia tpsf;Fthu;.

8.2 jiyrpwe ;j Nguurdhfpa neg;NghypadJ Njhy;tpf ;fhdfhuzq;fisg; gFg;gha;T nra;thu;.


15

15


• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rp• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

• gpuhd;rpd; gioa Kbahl;rp Kiw• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rpf;F topNfhypa fhuzpfs;• Gul;rpapd; Muk;gKk; tsu;r;rpAk;• Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpa re;ju;g;gq;fs;

• Gul;rpapd; tpisTfs;

• neg;Nghypad; Nghdghl; kw;Wk; mtdJ NguuR• neg;Nghypad; gyk; ngWtjw;fhd fhuzpfs;• neg;NghypadJ rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;• neg;NghypadJ ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;iffs;

• neg;Nghypad; Njhy;tp mile;jikf;fhdfhuzq;fs;

22


1.0 etPd cyfpd; Njhw;

wj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dzp

ahf ,Ue;j INuhg;

g pa rf ;j pfisg;

gFj;jha;thu;.


1.1 tzpf Kjyhspj;Jtj;

jpd; vOr;r p etPd

cyfpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;F

top tFj;j tpjj;ijg;

gFj;jha;thu;.

1.2 kWkyu;r;rpapd; Clhf

Gjpa cyfk; Njhw;wk;

ngw;w tpjj;ijg; gFj;

jha;thu;.

1.3 kWkyu;r;rpapd; murp

ay; vOr;rpia Njrpa

muRfspd; vOr;rpapD}

lhfg; guprPypg;ghu;.

1.4 cyfpy; jdpikg;gl;b

Ue;j ehLfs; etPd

cyfj;Jld; njhlu;G

gl;l tpjj;ij ehL

fhz ; gazq ;fs ;

Clhfg; gFj;jha;thu;.

1.5 rkar;rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;

etPd cyfpd; Njhw;wj;

Jf ;Fg ; gq ;fs pg ; G

ey ;f pa t pjj ;ij

Ma;e;jwpthu;.


30


• etPd cyfpd; Njhw;wk;

• khdpa Kiwapd; tPo;r;rpAk; tzpf Kjyhspj;Jtj;

jpd; vOr;rpAk;

• kWkyu;r;rp

• Njrpa muRfspd; vOr;rp

• INuhg;gpaupd; ehLfhz; gaz ,af;fKk;> mjd;

tpupthf;fKk;

• rkar; rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;


etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 ,ypUe;J 1989 tiu)

23


2.0 cyfpd ; Vida

ehLfspy; murpay;>

r%f> nghUshjhu

Kiwapy; khw;wk;

V w ; g L t j w ; F

INuhg;gh vt;thW

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;

Js;sJ vd;gjid

gFj;jha;thu;.

3.0 Mrpahtpd; tuyhW

khw;wkiltjw;F

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j

fhydpj;Jt nry;

thf ;Ffs; gw ;w p

tpgupg;ghu;.


2.1 INuhg;ghtpy; gyk;

tha ;e ;j muRfs ; >

cyfk ; KOtJk ;

jkJ mjpfhuj;ijg;

gug ;g pa tpjj ;ijg ;

gFj;jha;thu;.

3.1 njd;dhr pa> njd;

fpof;fhrpa ehLfs;

fhydpj;Jtj;Jf;Fs;

shf pa t pjj ;ij

tpgupg;ghu;.

3.2 fpof;fhrpah KOtJk;

fhydpj;Jtj;jpw;F cl;

glhJ tpbDk; fhydpj;

Jt thjpfsJ nry;

thf;FfSf;F cl;gl;l

Kiwapidg; gFj;jha;

thu;.


20

20


• INuhg;gpa Mjpf;f tpupthf;fk;

• ];ghdpag; Nguurpd; tpupthf;fk;

• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfag; Nguurpd; vOr;rpAk; tpupthf;fKk;

• xy;yhe;jpd; (neju;yhe;;J) Mjpf;fg; tpupthf;fk;

• gpuhd;rpd; Mjpf;fg; tpupthf;fk;

• gpupj;jhdpaupd; Mjpf;fg; tpupthf;fk;

• Mrpahtpy; fhydpj;Jtk;

• ,e;jpah> rPdh> ag;ghd;

• njd;fpof;fhrpah

• ,e;NjhNdrpah> kyhah> gu;kh (kpad;khu;)> rPak;

(jha;yhe;J)> tpal;ehk;> fk;Nghr;rpah> gpypg;igd;];

24


4.0 et Pd cyfpid

cUthf;Ftjw;Fj;

J}z;Ljyhf mik

e;j Gul;rpfs; gw;wp

gFj;jha;thu;.


4.1 g h u hSkd ;wj ; j pd ;mjpfhuj;ij tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F ,q;fpyhe;J kf;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l Nghuhl;lk;khdpl tu;f;fj;jpd;tsu;r;rpf;F cjtpatpjk; gw;wp Mq;fpyg;Gul;rpapd; Clhfg;guprPypg;ghu;.

4.2 Ng u uRthjj ; j p w ;Fvjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyhtJ Rje;jpug;Nghuhl;lk; vd;wtifapy; mnkupf;fg;Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpgupg;ghu;.

4.3 cupikfis ntd;nwLf;Fk; nghUl;Lg;g p u hd ; r pau ; Nkw ;nfhz;l Gul;rpahdJmbg;gil kdpj cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F cjtpa tpjj;ijg; gFj;jha;thu;.


40


• etPd cyif khw;wpaikf;f cjtpa Gul;rpfs;• fp.gp. 1688 Mq;fpyg; Gul;rp

• mnkupf;fg; Gul;rp

• gpuhd;rpag; Gul;rp

25


5.0 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rp

ahdJ kdpj el

tbf;iffis khw;

wj ;Jf ;Fs ;shf pa

tpjk; gw;wp gFg;gha;

thu;.


4.4 cyf ehfupfj;ijg;Ngh\pg;gjpy; u\;ag;Gul;rpapd; jhf;fj;ijg;gFj;jha;thu;.

4.5 nghJTlik thjj;jpd;Njhw;wk; gw;wp rPdg;Gul;rpapd; Clhfg;guPl;rpg;ghu;.

5.1 iffshy ; nra ;jNtiyfis ,ae;jpuq;fsplk; xg;gilg;gjpy;nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpafhuzpfisj; Njbawpthu;.

5.2 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpClhd njhopDl;gtsu;r;rp gw;wp guprPypg;ghu;.

5.3 ifj;njhopy; Gul;rptpuptile;j tpjk; gw;w pa tplaq;fisj;jpul;Lthu;.

5.4 kdpj eltbf;iffis,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhftpUj;jpaile;j ifj;njhopy;kakhf;fj;jpd;tpisTfisg; gFj;jha;thu;.


14


• u\;ag; Gul;rp

• rPdg; Gul;rp

• ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpAk; mjd; jhf;fq;fSk;

• ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpf;Fg; gpd;dzpahf mike;j

fhuzpfs;

• njhopDl;gj;jpd; tsu;r;rp

• tpupthf;fk;

• tpisTfs;

26

juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13

27

3.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 133.1 juk; 13

,yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu),yq;ifapd; tuyhW (Muk;g fhyj;jpypUe;J 1978 Mk; Mz;L tiu)


8.0 ,yq;ifapd; ntt;

NtW fhyfl;lq;f

spy; ,lk; ngw;w

murpay; Njhw;wg;

ghLfis gjpdhwhk;

E}w;whz;bD}lhfj;

EZf p Nehf ; f p >

mjd; %yk; ngw;w

g b g ; g p i d fis

epfo;fhy> vjpu;fhyq;

fis ntw;wpfukhd

jhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;

fhfg; gad;gLj;J

thu;.


8.1 gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bd;

,yq ;if mur pay ;

tuyhW njhlu ; g hd

jfty;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.

8.2 Ml;rpapy; epyTk; Fiw

ghLfs;> me;epa Mjpf;fj;

jpw;F toptFf;Fkhw;iwg;

N g h u ; j ; J f ; N f a u p d ;

,yq ;if tUiff ;

$lhfg; gFj;jha;thu;.


25

15


• gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;by; ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tuyhW

• ,uhrjhdpfs;

• Nfhl;il ,uhrjhdp

• aho;g;ghz ,uhrjhdp

• fz;b ,uhrjhdp

• rPjhthf;if ,uhrjhdp

• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; tUif

• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; tUifAk; mtu;fs; RNjr

,uhrjhdpfSld; nfhz;l njhlu;GfSk;

• fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fs; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfaupd; Ml;rpf;

Fl;gLjy;.

28


9.0 ,yq;ifapd; gy;;NtW

fhy fl;lq;fspy;

epfo;e;j murpay;

r%f> nghUshjhu

Njhw ;wg ;ghLfis

Muha ;e ;J mjd;

%yk; ngw;w mDg

tq;fis epfo;fhyj;

ijAk; vjpu; fhyj;

ijAk; ntw;wpfu

khdjhf;fpf; nfhs;t

jw;Fg; gad;gLj;J

thu;.


9.1 fz;b ,uhrjhdpia

ts%l;Ltjpy; Ml;rpahs

upd; gq;fspg;G njhlu;ghd

jfty;fisf; Nfhitg;

gLj;Jthu;.

9.2 fz;b ,uhrjhdp Nghu;j;

Jf;NfaUlDk; xy;yhe;j

UlDk; nfhz;bUe;j

njhlu;Gfis xg;gPl;L

u P j pa py ; gFg ; g ha ;T

nra;thu;.

9.3 fz;b ,uhrjhdp epu;thf>

r%f> nghUshjhu >

fyhrhu epiyikfis

EZfpaha ;e ;J jkJ

mUQ;nray;tq;fisg;

NgZtjw;F eltbf;if

vLg;ghu;.


30


• fz;b ,uhr;rpak;

• Kjyhk; tpkyju;k #upa kd;ddpd; Ml;rpf ;

fhyj;jpypUe;J = tpf;fpuk uh[rpq;f kd;ddpd;

Ml;rpf;fhyk; KbAk; tiuahd murpay; tuyhW.

• Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau;> xy;yhe;ju;

• fz;b ,uhr;rpak; Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUld; nfhz;bUe;j

njhlu;Gfs;

• xy;yhe;jupd; tUifAk; fz;b ,uhr;rpak;

mtu;fSld; nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;GfSk;

• Ml;rp> r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> gz;ghL

• epu;thf Kiw

• r%fk;> nghUshjhuk;> gz;ghL

29


10.0 ,yq;ifapy;

Nkiyj; Njaj;jtu;

fs pd ; mj pfhu

t p u pthf ;fj ;ijj ;

njhlu;e;J Vw;gl;l

r%f> mur pay ; >

nghUshjhu khw;

wq ;fis EZfp

Muha ;e ;J jkJ ;

ehl;bd; jdpj;Jtj;

ijf; fhj;J gyk;

tha;e;j Njrpakhf

cUthf;Ftjw;Fg;

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.

11.0 ,yq;ifapy; Mq;fp

Nyaupd; mjpfhu

t p u p t h f ; f j ; i j

EZfp Muha;e;J

jkJ ehl;bd; ,iw

ikia ghJfhg;gjw;

Fupa Njitapid

tpsq;fpr; nraw;gL

thu;.


10.1 ,yq;ifapy; Nghu;j;Jf;

Nfa> xy;yhe;j Ml;rp

gw ;w pa jfty;fisj;

jpul;Lthu;.

10.2 Nghu;j;Jf;NfaUk; xy;

yhe;jUk; fiuNahug;

gpuNjrq;fspy; ifahz;l

nghUshjhu> rkaf ;

nfhs;iffs; njhlu;ghff;

fw;wwpthu;.

10.3 Nghu;j;Jf;NfaupdJk; xy;

yhe ;ju pdJk ; r%f>

gz;ghl;L nry;thf;F

fisg; gFj;jha;;thu;.

11.1 gpupj;jhdpau; ,yq;ifapd;

fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;

fs pd ; mj pfhuj ;ij

jkjhf;fpf; nfhz;l tpjj;

ijg; gFg;gha;thu;.

11.2 gpupj;jhdpau; fz;b ,uhr;

rpaj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpf;

nfhz;l tpjj;ijg; gup

rPyid nra;thu;.


15

10


• fiuNahug; gpuNjrq;fspy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfa> xy;yhe;j

Ml;rp

• Ml;rp Kiw

• nghUshjhu> rkaf; nfhs;iffs;

• r%f> gz;ghl;Lr; nry;thf;F

• gpupj;jhdpaupd; ,yq;if tUif

• fiuNahug ; g puNjrj ;j py ; g pu pj ;jhdpau pd ;

mjpfhuj;ij epiy ehl;Ljy;.

• fz;b ,uhr;rpaj;ijf; ifg;gw;wpf; nfhs;Sjy;.

30


12.0 Mq;fpNyau; ,yq;

ifapy; Vw;gLj;jpa

murpay; khw;wq;fs;

RNjrthrpfs; kPJ

jhf;fk; Vw;gLj;jpa

Kiwia tpgupg;ghu;.

13.0 gpupj;jhdpauhy; Vw;

gLj;jg;gl;l r%f>

nghUshjhu khw;wq;

fs; ,yq;if r%fj;

jpy; nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj ;j pa Kiw

apid xg;gPl;L uPjp

ahf gFj;jha;thu;.


12.1 ,iwikiag; ghJfhj;

Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf gpupj;

jhdpa Ml;rpf;F vjpuhf

RNjrpfs; vOr;rpaile;j

tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

12.2 ,yq ;ifa py ; r%f>

nghUshjhu> murpay;

khw;wq;fis cUthf;

Ftjw;fhf gpupj;jhdpa

uhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l

murpay; ahg;Gf;fisg;

gFj;jha;thu;.

13.1 ,yq;ifapd; ngUe;Njhl;

lg; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp

gw;wpa jfty;fis tpsf;

Fthu;.

13.2 g p u pj ;jhd pau pd ; f Po ;

,yq;ifapd; r%f> nghU

shjhu khw ;wq ;fis

xg;gPl;L uPjpapy; gFj;

jha;thu;.


20

22


• gpupj;jhdpaupd; fPo; ,yq;if

• gpupj;jhdpaUf;F vjpuhd ,af;fk;

• 1818 ,Yk; 1848 ,Yk; gpupj;jhdpaUf;F vjpuhd

fpsu;r;rpfs;.

• 1848 ,d; gpd;duhd mur nfhs;iffspy; Vw;gl;l

khw;wq;fs;.

• murpay; ahg;G tsu;r;rp: Nfhy;GW}f; murpay; ahg;Gr;

rPu;jpUj;jKk; epu;thf rPu;jpUj;jKk;

• ngUe;Njhl;lg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; tsu;r;rp

• ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwapd; Muk;gKk; ngUe;Njhl;lg;

gapu;fSk;

• nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f khw;wq;fs;

• epjpj;jhgdq;fs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J tsu;r;rpAk; kw;Wk;

njhiyj; njhlu;G Kiwfspd; tpUj;jp

• Njrpa tptrhag; nghUshjhuk;

• r%f khw;wq;fs;

31


14.0 gpupj;jhdpauJ rka

gug;gy; ,af;fk; kw;

Wk; mjw;nfjpuhd

Njrpa rka vOr;rp

gw;wp fw;W jkJ

jd pj ;J tj ;ij

g h J f h g ; g j d ;

Njitf;Nfw;g nraw;

gLthu;.

15.0 ,yq;ifapd; fy;tp

tsu ;r ; r p gw ;w pa

jfty;fisg; gFj;

jha;thu;.

16.0 ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;

ijg; ngWtjw;fhd

,af;fq;fs; gw;wp

fw;W mr;Rje;jpuj;

ij ghJfhg;gjw;F

nraw;gLthu;.


14.1 ,yq;ifapy; kiw gug;G

,af;fk; nraw;gl;l tpjj;

ij njupe;J nfhs;thu;.

14.2 kiw gug;G ,af;fj;jhy;

ngsj;j> ,e;J> ,];yhkpa

rkaq;fspy; vOr;rp Vw;

gl;l tpjj;ij tpsq;fpf;

nfhs;thu;.

15.1 ,yq;ifapd; etPd fy;tp

apd; tsu;r;rp gw;wp mwpe;J

nfhs;thu;.

16.1 kj;jpaju tu;f;fj;jpdupd;

vOr;rp Njrpa ,af;fj;

ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

vd;gd njhlu;ghd jf

ty;fisg; gFj;jha;thu;.

16.2 murpay; ahg;Gr; rPu;jpUj;

jq;fs; kw;Wk; Njrpa

Rje;jpuj;ij miljy;

njhlu;ghf xg;gPl;L uPjpapy;

tplaq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.


14

12

12


• gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; rka> fyhrhu kWkyu;r;rp

• kiw gug;G ,af;fk; (kp\dup)

• ngsj;j> ,e;J> ,];yhkpa vOr;rp

• etPd fy;tpapd; tsu;r;rp

• gpupj;jhdpaupd; fy;tpf; nfhs;if

• ,ytrf; fy;tpapd; tsu;r;rp

• Njrpa ,af;fKk; murpay; ahg;Gr; rPu;jpUj;jq;fSk;

• kj;jpaju tu;f;fKk; Njrpa ,af;fKk;

• rl;lthf;f tsu;r;rp

• nlhd%u; ahg;G

• Nrhy;gup ahg;Gk; Njrpa Rje;jpuKk;

32


17.0 Njrpa Rje;jpuj;ij

mile;J nfhs;t

jw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;

gl;l gpuaj;jdq;f

is EZfpaha;e;J

ey;yhl;rpf;fhfg; gq;

fspg;Gr; nra;thu;.


17.1 Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du;

,yq;ifapd; Njrpa

mgptpUj;jp njhlu;ghff;

mDrupf;fg;gl;l nfhs;

iffs ; njhlu ;ghd

jfty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.

17.2 Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;duhd

,yq;ifapd; murpay;

epiyikiag; guprPypg;

ghu;.


20


• Rje;jpuj;jpd; gpd;du; ,yq;if

• Njrpa mgptpUj;jpf;fhff; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l nfhs;if

fSk; ntoptiffSk;

• ghuhSkd;w Ml;rp Kiwapd; tsu;r;rp - 1972 tiu

• epiwNtw;W mjpfhuKs;s [dhjpgjp Ml;rp Kiw

- 1978

33


6.0 kj;jpa Ml;rpapd; gy

tPdq;fs; fhuzkhf

gpuNjr Ml;rpahsu;

fs; typik ngWk;

tpjj;ij ,e;jpa tu

yhw;wpD}lhfg; gFj;

jha;thu;.

7.0 ,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd;

tsu;r;rpAk; tpupthf;f

Kk;; gw;wpf; fw;W mj

dhy; fPioj;Njak;

ngw;w mUQ;nry;tq;

fis Fg;j Nguurpd;

Clhfg; gFj;jha;

thu;.


6.1 tlNkw;fpypUe;J te;J

nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa

tu;fs; gw;wpa jfty;

fisr; Nrfupg;ghu;.

6.2 kj;jpa Ml;rpapd; gy

tPdq;fs; fhuzkhf

mz;ikf;fhy ,e;jpa

tuyhw;wpy; nry;thf;

Fr; nrYj;jpa khepy

muRfs; gw;wpa jfty;

fis Nrfupg;ghu;.

7.1 ,e;jpa tuyhw;iwf;

fl ; bnaOg ; Gtj py ;

Fg;jg; Nguurpd; gq;f

s p g ; G njhlu ; g hf

jfty;fis tpsf;F

thu;.

2A.7.2 Fg;jg; NguuR tPo;r;rp

Aw;w tpjk; gw;wpa

tplaq;fisj; jpul;L

thu;.


20

24


• nksupa Nguurpd; KbT Kjy; Fg;j Nguurpd; Muk;gk;

tiu ,ejpahtpd; murpay;> gz;ghl;L tuyhW

• ,e;J - fpNuf;fu; (RUf;fkhf)

• rhf;fpau;

• Frhzu;fs;

• Rq;ifNahu;

• rhjtfthzu;fs;

• Fg;j NguuR

• Fg;j Nguurpd; mjpfhu tpupthf;fk;

• Fg;jg; Nguurpd; epUthfk;

• nghUshjhu epiyik

• tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;

• cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L tu;j;jfk;

• gz;ghL

• rkak;> jj;Jtk;> nkhopAk; ,yf;fpaKk;>

fl;blf;fiy> rpw;gf;fiy> rpj;jpuf;fiy

• Fg;jg; Nguurpd; tPo;r;rp


,e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;),e;jpa tuyhW (tuyhw;Wf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; njhlf;fk;)

34


8.0 njd;dhrpa gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; gy;ytu;fspd;mur pay ; kw ;Wk ;gz;ghl;L nraw;ghLfs; nry;thf;Fr;nrYj;jpa tpjj;ijg;gFj;jha;thu;.

9.0 ,e;jpa ehfupfj;jpd;tsu;r;rpiaAk; tpupthf;fj;ijAk; gw;wpmwpe;J mjd; %yk;fPioj;Njak; ngw;wmUQ;nry;tq;fisg;gFj;jha;thu;.


8.1 gy;ytu;fspd; Ml;rpajpfhuk ; t p u ptile ;jtpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

8.2 gy;ytu;fspd; fyhrhuk;gw ;w pa jfty;fistpsf;Fthu;.

8.3 gy;ytu;fspd; ntspehl;Lj; njhlu;GfisAk;me;ehLfs; kPJ gy;ytupd; nry;thf;FfisAk;tpsf;Fthu;.

9.1 Fg;j Afj;jpd; ,Wjpapy pUe ;J K] ;y pk ;Mf;fpukpg;G tiuahdfhyj ;Jf ;Fs ; tl,e;jpahtpd; tuyhw;Wj;j pUg ; G Kidfistpsf;Fthu;.

9.2 ,e;jpahtpd; cd;djepiyikapy; gutyhdkhw;wnkhd;iwj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjw;F K];ypk;fspd; Mf;fpukpg;G topNfhy pa t pjj ;ijtpsq;fpf; nfhs;thu;.


12

22


• gy;ytu;fspd; murpay; kw;Wk; fyhrhu nraw;ghLfs;• gy;ytupd; mjpfhu tpupthf;fk;• gy;ytu; gz;ghL

• gy;ytupd; ntspehl;Lj;njhlu;Gfs;• ntspehLfs; kPjhd gy;ytupd; nry;thf;F

• Fg;j Afj;jpd; ,Wjp njhlf;fk; K];ypk; Mf;fpukpg;Gtiuahd fhyj;Jf;Fs; tl ,e;jpahtpd; tuyhw;Wj;jpUg;G Kidfs;

• Fg;j Afj;jpd; ,Wjp njhlf;fk; K];ypk; Mf;fpukpg;Gtiu• `u;\tu;jd kd;ddpd; fPo; fdt;[tpd; vOr;rp• fdt;[tpd ; mjpfhuj ;Jf ;fhf ,lk;ngw ;w

Nghuhl;lq;fs;• ghy muru;fspd; murpay;> gz;ghl;Lr; nraw;ghL

fs;• K];ypk; Mf;fpukpg;Gk; ,e;jpahTk;

• muhgpauJk; JUf;fpauJk; Mf;fpukpg;Gfs;• ,e;jpahtpy; K];ypk;fspd; mjpfhuk; epiyehl;lg;

gly;

35


10.0 njd;gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

Kf;fpakhd gpuNjr

muRfspd; tuyhw;

iwg; gFj;jha;thu;.

11.0 ,e;jpa tuyhw;wpd;

cUthf;fj;jpy; njd;

dpe;jpag; gz;ghl;bd;

nry;thf;if tpsf;F

thu;.


10.1 ,e ; j paht pd ; njd ;

gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; rhSf;fp

au ;fspd; nraw;ghL

fisg; guprPypg;ghu;.

10.2 uh\;bu$lu;fspdJk;

ghz;bau;fspdJk; mu

rpay; nraw;ghLfs;

njhlu;ghf Njbawpthu;.

11.1 Nrhog; Nguurpd; Njhw;w

Kk; tsu;r;rpAk; gw;wpa

jfy;tis tpsf;Fthu;.

11.2 Nrhog; NguuR ,e;jpah

Tf;F mg;ghy; tpupt

ile;j tpjj;ij tptupg;

ghu;.

11.3 Nrhoupd; Ml;rp Kiw

cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;j

tpjj;ijg; guprPypg;ghu;.

11.4 Nrhou ;fspd; r%f>

nghUshjhu > gz;

ghl;Lj; jfty;;fisj;

jpul;Lthu;.


20

20


• rhSf;fpau ;fs;> uh\;bu$lu;> ghz;bau;fspd;

RUf;fkhd murpay; tuyhW

• Nrhog; NguuR

• Nrhog; Nguurpd; Njhw;wKk; tpUj;jpAk;

• Kjyhk; guhe;jfd;> Kjyhk; ,uhN[e;jpu Nrhod;>

Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd;

• Nrhog; NguuR ,e;jpahTf;F mg;ghy; tpuptile;j

guk;gy;

• Nrho mjpfhu mikg;G

• Nrhoupd; r%f> nghUshjhu epiy

• gz;ghL

rkak;> nkhopAk;> ,yf;fpaKk;> fl;blf;fiy>

rpw;gf;fiy> rpj;jpuf;fiy

36


INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)INuhg;gpa tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)


9.0 kdpj ehfupfj;jpd;

tsu;r;rpapy; cyf

rkhjhdj;ijg; ghJ

fhf;Fk; nghUl;Lf;

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l

mikg;Gf;fs; njhlu;

ghfg; guPl;rpg;ghu;.

10.0 cyf tuyhw ;w p

idf; fl;bnaOg;G

tjw ;F cjt pa

murpay; rf;jpfis

,j;jhyp> N[u;kdp

Clhf xg;gPl;L uPjp

apy; gFj;jha;thu;.


9.1 tpad;dh kfhehl;bd;

nraw;ghL gw;wpg; gFj;

jha;thu;.

9.2 gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyf rkh

jhdj;ij Vw;gLj;Jt

jpy; tpad;dh kfhehL

toq;fpa gq;fspg;igg;

guprPypg;ghu;.

10.1 cyf tuyhw;iwf;

fl;Ltjw;F mbg;gil

ahf mike;j murpay;

rf;jpfs; njhlu;ghd

jfty;fis> jhuh

z;ik (ypguy;thjk;)>

Njrpa thjk; Mfpa

rpe;jidfspd; tpUj;jp

Clhf tpsf;Fthu;.

10.2 ,j;jhypia If;fpag;

gLj;jy;> N[u;kdpia

If;fpag;gLj;jy; ,af;

fj;jpd; Clhf jhuhz;

ikAk; (ypguy;thjk;)

Njrpa thjKk; eil

Kiwapy; nraw;gl;l

tpjj;ij guprPypg;ghu;.


15

27


• tpad;dh kfhehL

• tpad;dh khehL mwpKfk;

• tpad;dh khehL $l;lg;gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

• tpad;dh khehL vjpu;nfhz;l gpur;rpidfs;

• tpad;dh khehL gpd;gw;wpa topKiwfs;

• tpad;dh khehl;bd; tpisTfs;

• fp.gp. 1815 ,d; gpd;du; jhuhz;ikAk; (ypguy; thjKk;)

Njrpa thjKk; vOr;rp ngwy;.

• murpay; rpe;jid

• jhuhz;ik (ypguy; thjk;) Njrpa thjk;

- mwpKfk;

• jhuhz;ik (ypguy; thjk;) Njrpa thjk;

Mfpatw;wpd; tsu;r;rp

• murpay; rpe;jidfis eilKiwapy; gpuNahfpj;jy;

• ,j;jhypia If;fpag;gLj;jy;

• N[u;kdpia If;fpag;gLj;jy;

37


11.0 KjyhtJ cyf

kfh Aj ;jj ;j pd ;

nfh^uj;ijAk; rkh

jhdj;jpd; nghUz;

ikiaAk; xg;gPl;L

uPjpapy; tpku;rpg;ghu;.

12.0 khdpl tu;f;fj;jpd;

Kd;Ndw;wj ;Jld;

njhlu;Gila Kf;fp

akhd Gul ; r pfu

rf;jpfisg; gFj;jha;

thu;.


11.1 Kjyhk; cyf Aj;jk;

kd pj tu ;f ;fj ;j pd ;

Kd;Ndhf;fpa gazj;

j p w ;Fj ; jilahf

mike;j tpjk; gw;wp

EZfpaha;e;J Aj;j

epiyik fspypUe;J

tpyfp ,Ug;gjw;fhd

eltbf ; iffis

Nkw;nfhs; thu;.

11.2 cyf rkhjhdj;ijg;

ghJfhf;Fk; Kaw;rp

fspy; xd;whd ru;t

Njr rq;fj;jpd; nraw;

ghLfis xg ;g Pl ;L

uPjpahfg; guprPypg;ghu;.

12.1 u\;ag; Gul;rpf ;fhd

fhuzq;fisAk; mJ

Vw;gl;l tpjj;ijAk;

tpsf;Fthu;.

12.2 cyf ehfupfj;jpd;

Cl;lj;jpw;F u\;ag;

Gul;rpapdhy; Vw;gl;l

jhf;fj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.


15

15


• Kjyhk; cyf kfh Aj;jk;

• Aj;jk;

• fhuzq;fs;

• ePz;l fhyf;fhuzpfs;

• FWq;fhyf; fhuzpfs;

• Aj;jk; tpuptiljy;

• tpisTfs;

• ru;tNjr rq;fk;

• Nehf;fq;fSk; Muk;gKk;

• ru;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; gz;Gfs; (rhjfkhdit/ghjfkhdit)

• u\;ag; Gul;rp

• u\;ag; Gul;rpf;fhd fhuzq;fs;

• Gul;rp Vw;gl;l tpjk;

• u\;ag; Gul;rpapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

38


13.0 cyf tuyhw;iwf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F

toptFj;j murpay;

rf;jpfs; gw;wp ghrpr>

ehrpr thjq;fsp

D}lhf xg;gPl;L uPjp

ahf gFj;jha;thu;.

14.0 ,uz;lhk ; cyf

kfh Aj ;jj ;j pd ;

n f h ^ u j ; i jAk ;

r k h j h d j ; j p d ;

nghUz;ikiaAk;

tpsq;fpf; nraw;gL

thu;.


2B.13.1 ghrpr> ehrpr thjq;fs;

nraw;gl;l tpjj;ijg;

guprPypg;ghu;.

13.2 ghrpr> ehrpr thjq;

fSf ;f pilNaahd

njhlu;Gfisg; guprPypg;

ghu;.

14.1 ,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jk;

kdpj ,dj;jpd; Kd;

Ndw;wj;jpw;Fj; jilahf

,Ue;j tpjj;ij EZfp

aha;e;J Aj;j epiyik

fspypUe;J jtpu ;f ;f

eltbf;iffis Nkw;

nfhs;thu;.

14.2 cyf rkhjhdj;ijg;

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;

xU topKiwahf jhgpj;

Jf ; nfhs ;sg ; gl ; l

If;fpa ehLfs; mik

ak; gw;wp tpsf;Fthu;.


15

15


• ghrprKk;> ehrprKk;

• ,j;jhypapy; ghrprk;

• ghrprk; tsu;r;rpaile;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;

• ghrprj;jpd; tpisTfs;

• N[u;kdpapy; ehrprk;

• ehrprk; tsu;r;rpaile;jikf;fhd fhuzpfs;

• ehrprj;jpd; tpisTfs;

• ghrprj;jpw;Fk; ehrprj;jpw;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;Gfs;

• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jk;

• Aj;jk;

• fhuzq;fs;

• Aj;jk;

• tpisTfs;

• If;fpa ehLfs; mikak;:

• Nehf;fq;fSk; Muk;gKk;

• If;fpa ehLfs; mikaj;jpd; fl;likg;G

• ,iz epWtdq;fs;

• Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

• vjpu;nfhz;Ls;s gpur;rpidfs;

39


15.0 cyfpd; jw ;fhy

murpay; mbg;gilf

isf; fl;bnaOg;Gt

jw ;F toptFj;j

gpujhd rf;jpfs;

njhlu;ghf xg;gPl;L

uPjpahf gFj;jha;

thu;.


15.1 Nrhtpaj; u\;ahTk;

If;fpa mnkupf;fhTk;

rkTlik> Kjyhspj;

Jt mzpfshf vOr;rp

ngw;W> cyf murpa

y py ; Vw ; gLj ; j pa

jhf;fj;ij tptupg;ghu;.

15.2 gdpg;Nghu; fhyj;jpy;

gyk; tha;e;j mzp

fspilNa mikjpia

Vw;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L

If ;f pa ehLfs ;

mikaj;jpd; gq;fspg;

gpid kjpj;Jg; gpu];

jhgpg;ghu;.


25


• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du; cyfk;

• gyk; tha;e;j mzpfs;:

• rkTlik

• Kjyhspj;Jtk;

• mzpNruh ehLfs;

• gdpg;Nghu; (nfLgpbg;Nghu;)

• fUj;J Kuz;ghL

• fUj;Jf;fisg; gug;Gtjw;fhd nghJ mikg;Gfs;

• gdpg;Nghu; gytPdkhjy;

• If;fpa ehLfs; mikaj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs;

40


etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)etPd cyf tuyhW (fp.gp. 1500 njhlf;fk; 1989 tiu)


7.0 cyfpd; murpay;>

nghUshjhu Nfhy

q;fis gue;j khw;

wq;fSf;F cl;gLj;

jpa Gjpa NguuR

thjk; gw;wp gFj;

jha;thu;.

8.0 Kjyhk; cyf kfh

Aj;jj;jpd; nfh^uk;

gw ;w p Muha ;e ;J

rkhjhdj;ijg; ghJ

fhf;f Kd;tUthu;.


7.1 Gjpa NguuRthjk ;

vd;why; vd;d vd;g

ij tpsf;fp> mt;th

whd epiyik Vw;gl;l

ikf;fhd fhuzq;

fisg; guprPypg;ghu;.

7.2 Mg p u p f ; f hTf ; f hd

Nghl;biag;gw;wp tpsf;

Fthu;.

8.1 Kjyhk; cyf kfh

Aj;jk; kdpj ,dj;jpd;

Kd;Ndw ;wj ;j pw ;Fj ;

jilahf mike;j

tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.

8.2 Aj;j eltbf;iffspyp

Ue;J tpyfp ,Ug;gjw;

fhd eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs; thu;.


15

14


• Gjpa NguuRthjk;

• Gjpa NguuRthjk; - mwpKfk;

• Gjpa NguuRthjk; vOr;rpAWtjw;F mbg;gilahf

mike;j tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp

• Mgpupf;fh njhlu;ghd Nghl;b

• Kjyhk; cyf Aj;jk;

• Aj;jj;jpw;fhd gpd;dzp

• Aj;jj;jpy; <Lgl;l mzpfSk; Vida gq;fhspfSk;

• Aj;jjj;jpd; tpisTfs;

• ru;tNjr rq;fk;

• Gjpa muRfspd; vOr;rp

41


9.0 jw ;fhy cyfpy ;

murpay; mbg;gilf;

fl;bnaOg;g Kf;fpa

topfsha; mike;j

gpujhd rf;jpfs; gw;wp

xg;g Pl ;L uPjpahfg;

gFj;jha;thu;.


9.1 If ;f pa mnku pf ;fh

Kjyhspj;Jt ehlhf

vOr;rp ngw;Wik cyf

murpaypy; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpa tpjj;ij

tptupg;ghu;.

9.2 Nrht paj ; u\ ;ah

Nrhrypr ehlhf vOr;rp

ngw;Wik cyf murpa

ypy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;

jpa tpjk; gw;wpa jfty;

fis ntspapLthu;.


20


• If;fpa mnkupf;ff; FbauRk;> Nrhtpaj; xd;wpaKk;

vOr;rp ngw;wik.

• If;fpa mnkupf;f FbauR

• rptpy; Aj;jj;jhy; If;fpa mnkupf;f FbauR

gykiljy;

• nghUshjhuk;• Aj;jtypik

• ntspehLfSf;F Mjpf;fk; tpuptiljy;

• Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak;

• Gul ;r papd ; gpd ;du ; rkTlikf; nfhs;if

fl;bnaOg;gg;gly;.

• Nrhtpaj; xd;wpak; INuhg;ghtpy; ty;yuR ehlhf

vOr;rp ngw;wik

42


10.0 jw ;fhy cyfpd ;

NguuR thjj;ijj;

jsu;Twr; nra;Ak;

gy;NtW ,af;fq;

fis EZfpaha;e;J

Rje;jpuj;jpd; ngWkh

dj;ij tpsq;fpr ;

nraw;gLthu;.

11.0 ,uz;lhk ; cyf

kfh Aj ;jj ; j pd ;

n f h ^ u k ; g w ; w p

Muha;e;J rkhjhdj;

jpd; nghUz;ikia

tpsq;fpr; nraw;gL

thu;.


10.1 cyfk; KOtjpYk;

fhzg;gl ;l NguuRf

Sf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;l

,af ;fq ;fs ; gw ;w pa

jfty;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.

10.2 Mrpahtpd; Vfhjpgj;jpa

vjpu;g;G Njrpa Nghuhl;l

,af ;fq ;fs ; gw ;w pa


10.3 Mgpupf;fhtpy; Vfhjpgj;

jpa tpNuhjkhd Njrpa

Nghuhl;l ,af;fq;fspd;

Njhw;wk; gw;wpa jfty;

fis tpsf;Fthu;.

11.1 ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh

Aj;jk; njhlu;ghd jf

ty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.

11.2 ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh

Aj;jk; kdpj ,dj;jpd;

Kd ; Ndw ; wj ; j p w ;Fj ;

jilahf mike ;j

tpjj;ij mg;Nghupd;

t pisTfspD}lhfg ;

gFj;jha;thu;.


20

15


• NguuRthjj;jpw;F vjpuhd Njrpa Nghuhl;l ,af;fq;fs;

• yj;jPd; mnkupf;fh

• Mrpah

• njd;dhrpah

• njd;fpof;fhrpah

• Nkw;;fhrpah

• Mgpupf;fh

• ,uz;lhk; cyf kfh Aj;jk;

• NghUf;fhd fhuzpfs;

• Nghupy; <Lgl;l mzpfSk; jug;gpdUk;

• Nghu;j;je;jpuq;fSk; Nghu;j;njhopDl;gKk;

• tpisTfs;

43


12.0 jw ;fhy cyfpd;

murpay; mbg;gil

iaf; fl;bnaOg;g

cjtpa gpujhd rf;

jpfs; gw;wp EZfp

aha;e ;J jw;fhy

cyfpd; epiyik

gw;wpa njspTld;

nraw;gLthu;.


12.1 MAj Nkhjy;fsw;w

gdpg;Nghiu Nehf;fp

cyfk; nrd;wik

ia cyf ehLfs;

rf;jp tha;e;j mzp

fshfg ; g p u p e ;J

nrd;wik Clhfg;;

gFj;jha;thu;.

12.2 kj ; j pa f pof ;F

murpay; Nghf;Ffs;

gw;wpa jfty;fis

tpsf;Fthu;.

12.3 gyk; tha;e;j mzp

xd;W tPo;r;rpAwiy

Nrhtpaj; u\;ahit

mb g ; gi la h f f ;

nfhz;L gFj;jha;

thu;.


111117


• ,uz;lhk; cyf Aj;jj;jpd; gpd;du;

• cyfk; gyk; tha;e;j mzpfshfg; gpupjYk;

mitfspilNa fhzg;gl;l Nghl;bAk;

• murpay; fUj;Jf;fs;

• nghUshjhuk;

• njhopy; El;gk;

• kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspy; murpay; Nghf;Ffs;

gy];jPdk;> ,];uNty;

• Nrhtpaj; murpd; tPo;r;rpAk; mjd; tpisTfSk;

44


13.0 cyfpd; rpf;fhu;e;j

jd;ikia vjpu ;

nfhs;Stjw;fhf>

ru ;tNjr kw ;Wk ;

gpuNjr uPjpapy; mik

g;Gfs; Njhd;wpa

tpjj;ijg; gFj;jha;

thu;.


13.1 MAj Nghuhl ; lkw ; w

cynfhd;iw cUthf;Fk;

nghUl;L mikf;fg;gl;l

If;fpa ehLfs; mikak;

gw ;w pa jfty ;fisf ;

Nfhitg;gLj;Jthu;.

13.2 g pu pj ;jhdpag ; NguuR

tPo;r;rpAw;w gpd;du; mg;

Nguur pw ;Ff ; f Po pUe ;j

ehLfs; ,q;fpyhe;Jld;

cwTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;

nghUl;L cUthf;fpf ;

nfhs ;sg ; gl ;l nghJ

eytha mikg;Gg; gw;wpa


13.3 Kf;fpa gyk;tha;e;j ,U

mzpfspypUe;Jk; ghJ

fhg;Gg; ngWk; nghUl;L

mikf;fg;gl;l mzpNruh

ehLfspd ; mikg ;Gg ;

gw ;w pa jfty ;fisg ;

guprPypg;ghu;.


25


• ru;tNjr> mikg;GfSk; gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gf;fSk;

• If;fpa ehLfs; mikak;

• nghJ eytha mikg;G

• mzpNruh ehLfspd; mikg;G

45

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;

13.4 gdpg;Nghu; fhyj;jpy; gyk;

tha;e;j ,U mzpfSk;

jkJ mj pfhuq ;fis

tpupTgLj;Jk; nghUl;L

epWtpa mikg;Gf;fspd;

nraw;ghL gw;wpa jfty;

fis tpsf;Fthu;.

13.5 gpuhe;jpa uPjpahfj; jkJ

Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;

Ak; nghUl;L mikg;Gf;

fs; cUthf;fg;gl;lik

iag; gFj;jha;thu;.

ghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghlNtisghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;

• gpujhd Kfhk;fSf;Fupa mikg;Gfs;:

• tl mj;jpyhe;jpf; ghJfhg;G cld;gbf;if

mikg;G (NATO)• thu;Nrh cld;gbf;if (WARSO)

• gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gfs;:

• njd;f pof ;fhr pa ehLfspd ; ghJfhg ;G

cld;gbf;if mikg;G (SEATO)• njd;fpof;fhrpa mikg;G (ASEAN)• Mgpupf;f If;fpa mikg;G (OAU)• INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; (EU)• njd;dhrpa mikg;G (SAARC)• muG yPf; (ARAB LEAGUE)

46

4.04.04.04.04.0 fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfs;

tuyhw;iwf; fw;gpf;Fk; MrpupaH jfty;fis toq;Fgtuhf ,Ug;gij tpl jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; khztHfSf;F

topfhl;Lgtuhf ,Ug;ghuhdhy; fw;gpj;jy; gzp kpfTk; gaDs;sjhapUf;Fk;. vdNt ,aYkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; vy;yhk;

fye;JiuahLjy;> %yhjhuq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> mtjhdpj;jy; Nghd;w nray;fspy; khztHfis <LgLj;Jjy; tpUk;gj;jf;fjhFk;.

tuyhw;iwf; fUj;Js;s tifapy; fw;gjw;F khztHfis <LgLj;jf;$ba rpy topKiwfs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd:

• Njrpa mUq;fhl;rpafk;> gpuNjr mUq;fhl;rpafk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; jpl;lkplg;gl;l Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; fPo;

mUk;nghUs;fisg; ghHitaplr; re;jHg;gk; toq;Fjy;.

• gpuNjr tuyhw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;s khztu;f;F MHt%l;LtjD}lhfj; Njrpa tuyhw;iw mwpa topg;gLj;Jjy;.

• Clfq;fs; %yk; jfty;fisg; ngwr; re;jHg;gk; toq;Fjy;. (thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp> ru;tNjr ,iza tiyg;gpd;dypd;

fy;tpr;Nritfs;.)

• tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j ,lq;fisg; ghHitapl MHt%l;Ljy;.

• Mjhu %yq;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F MHt%l;Ljy;.

• khztH jkJ Mw;wiy ntspg;gLj;jr; re;jHg;gq;fis toq;Fk; tpjj;jpy; Rtu;g;gj;jpupiffs;. rQ;rpiffs; ntspapLjy;>

fz;fhl;rpfs; elj;Jjy;> ghlrhiy mUq;fhl;rpafj;ij cUthf;Fjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl Cf;fk; mspj;jy;.

• tuyhw;W Mrpupauhfpa ePq;fs;> jw;fhyg; gpur;rpidfis eLepiyahfTk; ajhHj;jkhfTk; Nehf;Ffpd;w tpisjpwDs;s

Fbkf;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fg; gq ;fspg ;Gr ; nra ;a KbAk;. ,J njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ nghWg ;G msg;gupajhFk;.

47

5.05.05.05.05.0 ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;ghlrhiyf; nfhs;ifAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lKk;

tuyhw;Wg; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s ghltplaq;fis ntw;wpfukhfTk;> tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j tifapYk; fw;gjw;Fk; mjD}lhf

fw;wy; mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; Vw;Gila tifapy; khztu;fspd; gq;Fgw;wiy tpUj;jpnra;Ak; tpjkhfg;

ghlrhiyf; nfhs;iffisAk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisAk; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;tJ gaDilajhFk;.

mt;thwhd rpy ghlrhiy Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fNs ,q;F Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mjw;Nfw;g NtW Mf;fg+u;tkhd Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fisAk;

nfhs;iffisAk; jahupg;gjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; tuyhW fw;gpf;Fk; Mrpupau;fSf;F cz;L vd;gijf; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sTk;.

tuyhw;W kd;wj;ij epWtp khztu;fspd; mwpT tsu;r;rpf;fhd fye;Jiuahly;fs;> khehLfs;> tpthjq;fs;> fz;fhl;rpfis

elhj;Jtjw;Fk;> rQ;rpiffs;> Rtu;g; gj;jpupiffs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jahupg;gjw;Fk; topg;gLj;jyhk;.

Fiwe;jgl;rk; tUlj;Jf;F xU jlitNaDk;> tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;JtKila Xu; ,lj;Jf;F my;yJ gpuNjrj;Jf;F nry;tjw;fhf

fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhnthd;wpid xOq;F nra;ayhk;. tFg;giwapy; ngw;w mwpit cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; tpUj;jp nra;J

nfhs;tjw;Fk; Vw;wthW Nghjpa Kd;Ndw;ghl;Lld; fy;tpr; Rw;Wyhit xOq;F nra;tJ Kf;fpakhdJ.

,yq;ifapd; Gfo; ngw;w tuyhw;W Ma;thsu;fisg; ghlrhiyf;F mioj;J mtu;fspd; mDgtq;fisg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhd

re;ju;g;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy; gaDs;sjhFk;.

njhy;nghUs;fs; mopTf;Fs;shfp tUk; ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s njhy;nghUs; Kf;fpaj;JtKs;s ,lq;fs;

njhlu;ghfj; NjbahuhaTk; mtw;iwg; ghJfhf;fTk; ghlrhiyAld; njhlu;Gila tifapy; rKjha Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;wpid

eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.

tuyhw;Wg; ghlj;jpw;Fupa Xtpaq;fs;> rpiyfs;> nrJf;F Ntiyg;ghLfs;> Vida mUk;nghUl;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw mtjhdpj;J

mwpf;if jahupf;ff; $bathW mUq;fhl;rpaf Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;wpid Vw;ghL nra;jy; cfe;jJ.

48

6.06.06.06.06.0 fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;fzpg;gPLk; kjpg;gPLk;

ghlrhiy kl;l fzpg;gPl;L epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; xt;nthU jtizf;Fk; cupa Nju;r;rp> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fs; cs;slq;Fk;

tifapy; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; kjpg;gPl;L cgfuzq;fs; Mf;fg;G+u;tkhfj; jahupf;fg;gl;L eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLjy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

juk; 13 ,d; ,Wjpapy; Njrpa kl;l kjpg;gPlhfpa f.ngh.j (c/j) guPl;irf;fhf ,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpw;fikthf ,yq;ifg; guPl;irj;jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; elj;jg;gLk; Njrpa kl;lg; guPl;ir Kjy; jlitahf 2011 ,y;

elhj;jg;gLk;.

,g;guPl;irapd; - tpdhj;jhs;fspd; khjpup kw;Wk; jd;ik njhlu;ghd tptuq;fs; guPl;ir jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk;.

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Transcript of History AL Tamil - valvai.com · 1 1.0 mwpKfk; 2007 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; Gjpa fy;tpr;...