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ubZ fnYyh&110016Vsyh% +91(11) 4318 0200, 4318 0201

QSDl% +91(11) 2686 4688

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lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ-dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVojk"VªeaMy ns'kksa esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dks O;ogkfjd :i ls gkfly djus ds fy, dk;Zjr

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ-2016

101 ckrsa tks vki iqfyl ds ckjs esatkuuk pkgrs gSa

ysfdu iwNus ls dkQh ?kcjkrs gSa

;w-,l-vks- gkÅl] 6] Lis'ky baLVhV~;w'kuy ,fj;k] ubZ fnYyh & 110065] HkkjrQksu% $91&11&41688149] $91&11&41688150 QSDl% $91&11&26862042

www.southasia.fnst.org/www.stiftung-freiheit.org

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- ds dk;ZØe bl fo'okl ij vk/kkfjr gSa fd ekuo vf/kdkjksa] okLrfod yksdra= vkSj fodkl dks yksxksa ds thou esa ,d okLrfodrk cukus ds fy,] dkWeuosYFk rFkk blds lnL; ns'kksa esa tokcnsgh vkSj Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, dkQh mPp ekunaM vkSj lfØ; O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, vkSj blhfy, vius O;kid ekuo vf/kdkj leFkZu dk;ZØe ds vfrfjDr lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- lwpuk rd igqap vkSj U;k; rd igqap dh odkyr djrk gSA bl dk;Z dks ;g 'kks/k] izdk'ku] dk;Z'kkyk] lwpuk izlkj vkSj leFkZu ds ek/;e ls djrk gSA

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www.humanrightsinitiative.org

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ISBN: 81-88205-67-2

© dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo] 2009] 2015] esa la'kksf/kr vkSj iqu%izdkf'kr] vDVwcj] 2016 esa eqfnzrA

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fy, fu;qDr yksdlsod gSa ftudk osru ukxfjd vnk djrs gSaA

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tc ge xyr dk;ksZa ds f[kykQ vkokt mBk;saxsA ;g iqfLrdk bl mEehn ls fy[kh xbZ

gS fd iqfyl ds ckjs esa vkSj vius vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr dj ukxfjd bl

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iqfyl cy fu;qDr gSA iqfyl lekt esa 'kkafr

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gh vijk/k dks jksdrh gS vkSj ?kfVr vijk/kksa

dh tkap djrh gSA iqfyl dkuwu ds j[kokyksa

fd Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gS rkfd gjsd O;fDr vkSj

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fy, og vius {ks= ds leqnk; esa ?kVus okyh

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mls fu/kkZfjr dkuwuh rjhds ls gh djuk gksxk u fd fdlh vU; rjhds lsA iqfyl viuh

bPNk ds vuqlkj ;k viuh euet+hZ ls dke ugha dj ldrhA 'kfDr dk nq#i;ksx] drZO;

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ds in ds fy, vkidks de ls de gkbZLdwy ikl gksuk

t:jh gSA lc&baLisDVj ds fy, vkidks Lukrd

¼xzstq,V½ gksus dh t+:jr gSA

7- eS iqfyl vf/kdkjh dSls

cu ldrk gwa \rhu Lrj ij vki iqfyl cy esa 'kkfey

gks ldrs gSaA jkT; Lrj ij vki ;k rks

dkaLVscy ds Lrj ij 'kkfey gksdj iqfyl

mi&v/kh{kd rd inksUur gks ldrs gSa ;k

lc&baLisDVj ds Lrj ij 'kkfey gksdj fdlh

ftyk ds izHkkjh iqfyl v/kh{kd ds in rd

inksUur gks ldrs gSaA

dkaLVscy vkSj lc&baLisDVj ds fy, ,d fyf[kr ijh{kk nsuh gksrh gSA blesa ikl gksus

ij vkidks ,d 'kkjhfjd ijh{kk nsuh iM+rh gSA ;fn vki mls Hkh ikl dj ysrs gSa rks

vkidks b.VjO;w ds fy, cqyk;k tkrk gSA fQj vkidk esfMdy VsLV gksrk gS rkfd irk

py lds fd vki 'kkjhfjd :i ls bl dke ds fy, ;ksX; gSa vkSj rHkh vafre p;u iwjk

gksrk gSA

Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok vf/kdkfj;ksa ¼vkbZ- ih- ,l-½ dh HkrhZ dsUnzh; Lrj ij gksrh gS vkSj

mudk jSad vij ;k lgk;d v/kh{kd ;k lgk;d vk;qDr ls 'kq: gksrk gSA

8- Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok D;k gksrh gS\Hkk- iq- ls- ¼vkbZ- ih- ,l-½ Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok dk laf{kIr uke gS tks Hkkjr ljdkj dh

rhu vf[ky Hkkjr lsokvksa esa ls ,d gSA vU; nks Hkkjrh; iz'kklfud lsok ¼vkbZ- ,- ,l-½

vkSj Hkkjrh; ou lsok ¼vkbZ- ,Q- ,l-½ gSA bl Hkk- iq- ls- ds lewg ls iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa

dk p;u ls fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa iwjs ns'k esa ofj"B inksa ij dk;Z djus ds fy, Hkstk

tkrk gSA

6

9- eSa Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok ¼vkbZ- ih- ,l-½ eas dSls 'kkfey gks

ldrk gwa\loZizFke vkidks la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx ¼;w- ih- ,l- lh-½ }kjk vk;ksftr izkFkfed ijh{kk

esa cSBuk gksrk gSA ijh{kk dh rkjh[k vkSj LFkku le;&le; ij LFkkuh; vkSj jk"Vªh;

lekpkj i=ksa esa izdkf'kr fd;s tkrs gSaA ;fn vki blesa ikl gks tkrs gSa rks vki eq[;

ijh{kk esa cSB ldrs gSaA

;fn vki fyf[kr eq[; ijh{kk ikl dj ysrs gSa rks

,d cksMZ }kjk vkidk b.VjO;w fy;k tkrk gSA

tc vkidk p;u gks tkrk gS rc vkils

iwNk tk,xk fd vki fdl dsUnzh; lsok

esa 'kkfey gksuk pkgsaxs tSls fd fons'k

lsok] iz'kklfud lsok] iqfyl lsok ;k

jktLo ;k vU; lEc) lsok,aA ;fn

vki dkQh vf/kd vad

gkfly djrs gSa rks

vkidks vius ilUn

dh lsok esa 'kkfey

gksus dk volj

feysxk D;ksafd

fofHk™k flfoy

lsokvksa esa HkÙkhZ

xq.koŸkk vk/kkfjr

gksrh gSA

10- ,d Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok ¼vkbZ- ih- ,l-½ vf/kdkjh ds

:i esa eq>s fdl izdkj dk izf'k{k.k feysxk\Hkkjrh; iqfyl lsok esa vkidks yky cgknqj 'kkL=h iz'kklfud vdkneh] elwjh esa

vk/kkjHkwr izf'k{k.k ysuk gksrk gSA blds ckn jk"Vªh; iqfyl vdkneh] gSnjkckn esa

vk/kkjHkwr izf'k{k.k ikB~;Øe gksrk gSA ckn esa bUgsa le;&le; ij lsokdkyhu izf'k{k.k

Hkh fn;k tkrk gSA

11- vU; jSad ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fdl çdkj dk çf'k{k.k fn;k

tkrk gS\mUgsa ckg~; 'kkjhfjd izf'k{k.k] vL=ksa ds bLrseky dk izf'k{k.k] izkFkfed mipkj] cyok

fu;a=.k vkSj vL=ghu eqdkcys dk izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA mUgsa fofHkUu QkStnkjh

dkuwuksa ds ckjs esa Dykl:e izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gS rFkk mUgsa bl ckr dk Hkh izf'k{k.k

fn;k tkrk gS fd vijk/k tkap fdl izdkj dh tk,] HkhM+ dk fdl izdkj fu;a=.k fd;k

tk, vkSj muds le{k vkus okyh vU; izdkj dh leL;kvksa ls os dSls fuiVsaA

12- ns'k esa iqfyl Fkkuksa dh la[;k D;k gS\1

2015 rd ns'k esa dqy 14]945 iqfyl Fkkus Fks ftlesa 535 efgyk iqfyl Fkkus 'kkfey gSaA

7

1- i`"B 22] MkVk v‚u iqfyl vkxsZukbt+s'ku bu bafM;k] 2015A

8

rqe eq>sdg jgh gks

2- i`"B 31] MkVk v‚u iqfyl vkxsZukbt+s'ku bu bafM;k] 2015A

3- i`"B 34] MkVk v‚u iqfyl vkxsZukbts+'ku bu bafM;k] 2015A

13- D;k gekjs ikl i;kZIr la[;k esa iqfyl vf/kdkjh gSa\ughaA la;qä jk"Vª ds ekud ds vuqlkj gj 100000 yksxksa ij 230 iqfyl okys gksus

pkgh,aA ysfdu Hkkjr esa gj 100000 yksxksa ij dsoy 182-68 iqfyl okys gSaA ;g fo'o esa

lcls de iqfyl o~ tul¡[;k dk vuqikr gSA vusdksa fjfä;ka gSa ftuij HkrhZ ugha gqbZ

gSA gkyk¡fd 22]63]222 iqfyl in Loh—r gSa fdUrq 17]21]101 iqfyl okys gh lsok esa 2

gSaA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd 23-95% iqfyl cy dh deh gSA fdUrq bl vkadM+s ls lgh

rLohj dk irk ugha pyrk] D;wafd xzkeh.k bykd+ksa o~ NksVs d+Lcksa ds eqd+kcys esa vf/kdrj

iqfyl cy dh rSukrh cM+s 'kgjksa esa gksrh gSA blesa Hkh t+~;knkrj iqfyl cy cgqr FkksM+s ls

jktuhfrKksa o~ lkoZtkfud vf/kdkfj;ksa dh lqj{kk ij rSukr gksrs gSaA blds vfrfjä

iqfyl cy dk vf/kdrj le; ç'kklfud o~ ;krk;kr lEcU/kh MîwVh esa pyk tkrk gSA

QyLo:i] vijk/k dh jksd&Fkke] [kkst&chu o~ dkuwu O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus ds fy,

iqfyl cy dk Hkkjh vHkko gks tkrk gSA

14- D;k iqfyl cy esa efgyk,a Hkh gksrh gSa\gk¡] fdUrq budk vuqikr dqy iqfyl cy dk ek= 6-44 çfr'kr gSA nwljs jkT;ksa ds

3eqd+kcys esa rfeyukMw esa lcls t~;knk efgyk,a iqfyl lsok esa gSaA

15- D;k efgyk iqfyl dfeZ;ksa ds drZO; fHkUu gksrs gSa\ugha! tgka rd fu;e vkSj dkuwu dk laca/k gS] efgyk,a ogha dke djsxha tks iq#"k iqfyl

dehZ djsaxsA ijUrq efgyk iqfyl Fkkuksa esa flQZ efgykvksa dh gh rSukrh dh tkrh gSA

16- D;k iqfyl cy esa fdlh fo'ks"k izdkj ds vkj{k.k ;k dksVs

dk izko/kku gksrk gS\gk¡A fofHkUu leqnk;ksa ds çfrfuf/kRo dks csgrj cukus ds fy, vusd çdkj ds fo'ks"k dksVs gksrs gSaA iqfyl cy esa vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr o~ vU; fiNM+h tkfr;ksa dh HkrhZ ds fy, fo'ks"k dksVk gSA bu leqnk;ksa ls fdrus yksxksa dh HkrhZ gksuh gS blij dsaæ ljdkj o~ jkT; ljdkjksa ds vyx vyx fu;e gSaA tuojh 2015 rd bu leqnk;ksa dk çfrfuf/kRo bl çdkj Fkk] vuqlwfpr tkfr 10-62%] vuqlwfpr tutkfr 8-5 ] o~ vU;

fiNM+h tkfr;ka 20-17%A dsaæ o~ dbZ jkT; efgykvksa dks iqfyl cy esa HkrhZ ds fy, fo'ks"k vkj{k.k nsrs gSaA

17- iqfyl cy esa nfyrksa] efgykvksa] eqlyekuksa]

bZlkbZ;ksa] tutkfr;ksa vkSj vU; leqnk; ds yksxksa dks

'kkfey djuk D;kas vfuok;Z gS\;g t+:jh gS fd iqfyl cy esa iq#"kksa vkSj efgykvksa rFkk izR;sd /keZ] oxZ]

tkfr vkSj tutkfr ds yksxksa dk feyk&tqyk izfrfuf/kRo gksA blesa fofHk™k

leqnk;ksa ds O;ogkj vkSj izo`fŸk rFkk mudh laLd`fr ds ckjs eas le> c<+rh

gS vkSj muds ckjs esa iwokZxzgksa dks nwj djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA

18- eqÖks dSls irk yxsxk fd dksbZ O;fDr iqfyl

vf/kdkjh gS\iqfyl vf/kdkjh dh [kkdh ;k uhys jax dh onhZ gksrh gS lkFk gh Vksih] cSYV

vkSj dU/ks ij cSt yxk gksrk gS tks muds jSad vkSj lacaf/kr iqfyl cy dks

n'kkZrk gSA iqfyl vf/kdkjh dh Nkrh ij uke dh iêh Hkh iznf'kZr gksrh gSA

19- iqfyl cy esa dkSu&dkSu ls jSad gksrs gSa\iqfyl cy dh Js.kh esa dkaLVscy lcls uhps jSad gksrk gSA blds ckn

gsM&dkaLVscy ¼,p- lh-½] lgk;d mi&fujh{kd ¼,- ,l- vkbZ-½]

mi&fujh{kd ¼,l- vkb-Z½] iqfyl baLisDVj ¼ih- vkb-Z½]

lgk;d@mi&v/kh{kd iqfyl ¼,- ,l- ih-@Mh- ,l- ih-½] vij iqfyl

v/kh{kd ¼,Mf'kuy ,l- ih-½] iqfyl v/kh{kd ¼,l- ih-½] ofj"B iqfyl

v/kh{kd ¼,l- ,l- ih-½] iqfyl mi&egkfujh{kd ¼Mh- vkbZ- th-½] iqfyl

egkfujh{kd ¼vkbZ- th- ih-½] iqfyl lgk;d egk&funs'kd ¼,- Mh- th-½

vkSj vUr esa iqfyl egk&funs'kd ¼Mh-th-ih-½A

20- chV dkaLVscy D;k gksrk gS\ugÈ ;g ,slk iqfyl dkaLVscy ugha gksrk gS tks vkidks ihVsA tSlk fd vki tkurs gSa] fdlh Hkh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks cy iz;ksx dh vuqefr ugha gS flok; rc tc og O;fDr fxjQ~rkjh dk fojks/k dj jgk gks ;k og Hkkxus dk iz;kl dj jgk gksA fdlh chV iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks bl uke ls blfy, cqyk;k tkrk gS D;ksafd mldk ,d fo'ks"k fu/kkZfjr {ks= ;k :V gksrk gS ftl ij og Lo;a vkSj dHkh&dHkh vU; iqfyl vf/kdkjh ds lkFk x'r yxkrk gS rkfd ;g irk yxs fd bl {ks= esa lc dqN O;ofLFkr gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh lafnX/k ?kVuk rks ugha ?kVus okyh gSA jkf= x'r esa dHkh&dHkh iqfyl vkokt yxkrh gS ;k viuh ykBh ctkrh gS rkfd yksxksa dks irk pys fd og x'r ij gSA

%4

Mh-th-ih-

vkbZ-th-ih-

Mh-vkbZ-th-ih-

,l-,l-ih-

9

4- i`"B 69] 70 o~ 71] MkVk v‚u iqfyl vkxsZukbt+s'ku bu bafM;k] 2015A

21- D;k lHkh iqfyl vf/kdkjh lHkh çdkj dk dke djrs gSa\ugha! dkaLVscy ds jSad ls ysdj Mh- th- ih- jSad rd lHkh iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dks vyx&vyx ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ lkSaih xbZ gSaA ;s ft+Eesnkfj;k¡ izR;sd jkT; ds iqfyl eSuqvy esa nh xbZ gSaA ,d twfu;j vf/kdkjh ,d lhfu;j vf/kdkjh dks lkSais x, dk;Z dks ugha dj ldrkA mnkgj.k ds fy, ,d mi&fujh{kd og dk;Z ugha dj ldrk tks iqfyl v/kh{kd dks lkSaik x;k gksA ijUrq uhps jSad ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dks lkSais x, dk;Z dks lhfu;j jSad dk vf/kdkjh dj ldrk gSA

22- D;k dksbZ VªSfQd iqfyl vf/kdkjh eq>s ;krk;kr laca/kh vijk/k ds vykok fdlh vU; vijk/k ds fy, fxjQ~rkj dj ldrk gS\gka! ,d VªSfQd iqfyl dehZ Hkh ,d iqfyl vf/kdkjh gksrk gS ftls ewyr% ;krk;kr fu;a«k.k dk dk;Z fn;k x;k gSA ;fn og vkidks dksbZ vijk/k djrk gqvk ikrk gS rks og vkidks fdlh Hkh vU; iqfyldehZ ;k fdlh xSj&ljdkjh ukxfjd ds leku fxjQ~rkj dj ldrk gSA

23- lh- vkbZ- Mh- D;k gksrh gS\Lkh- vkbZ- Mh- dk vFkZ gksrk gS vijk/k tkap foHkkxA bls dHkh&dHkh fo'ks"k 'kk[kk ;k tkap 'kk[kk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g jkT; iqfyl dh tkap ,tsalh gksrh gSA mUgsa /kks[kk/kM+h] csbZekuh] xSax&okj ;k varjkZT;h; laca/kksa okys vijk/kksa tSls xaHkhj vijk/k ds tkap dk dk;Z fn;k tkrk gSA

eSa vijk/khugha gwa

10

24- D;k lh- vkbZ- Mh- iqfyl ls fHkUu gS\ugha! lh- vkbZ- Mh- dfeZ;ksa dk p;u iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa esa ls gh fd;k tkrk gSA

25- iqfyl cy dk çHkkjh dkSu gksrk gS\izR;sd jkT; esa iwjh iqfyl dk ,d çeq[k gksrk gSA mls iqfyl egkfuns'kd ;k la{ksi esa

Mh- th- ih- dgk tkrk gSA ysfdu Mh- th- ih- dks Hkh ljdkj dks fjiksVZ djuk gksrk gSA

og iqfyl foHkkx dk loksZPp O;fDr gksrk gS mldk fu;a«kd jkT; vkSj dsUnz esa x`g

foHkkx dk izHkkjh x`g ea=h gksrk gSA

26- iqfyl egkfuns'kd ¼Mh- th- ih-½ dks fdlh ea=h dks D;ksa

fjiksVZ djuk gksrk gS\geesa ls gj O;fDr Lo;a dks lqjf{kr eglwl djs vkSj gesa vius rFkk vius fiz;tuksa vkSj

viuh lEifŸk dh fpark u djuh iM+s ;g lqfuf'pr djuk ljdkj dk drZO; gSA ljdkj

;g dk;Z iqfyl dks lkSairh gSA blhfy, iqfyl dks ljdkj dks ;g fjiksVZ djuk gksrk gS

fd og viuk dk;Z fdl izdkj dj jgh gSA lkFk gh ukxfjdksa

ds izfr ljdkj dk ;g dÙkZO; gS fd og lqfuf'pr djsa

fd iqfyl bZekunkj] fu"i{k vkSj dk;Zdq'ky gks

vkSj viuk dk;Z dkuwu ds vuqlkj djs u fd

viuh bPNk ds vuqlkjA

27- iqfyl O;oLFkk ds fy, /ku

dk çko/kku dkSu djrk gS\iqfyl O;oLFkk dks pykus ds fy, /ku dk

çko/kku Ukkxfjdksa }kjk vnk fd, x, dj ls gksrk

gSA gkykafd mudk osru jkT; ljdkj vkSj dsUnz

ljdkj ds ctV ls fn;k tkrk gS ijUrq ;g vkrk rks

vke vkneh dh tsc ls gh gSA

28- ifq yl dks vius dk;Z ds fy, /kujkf'k dgk¡ ls çkIr gkrs h g\SizR;sd jkT; dk viuk ,d ctV gksrk gS ftlesa iqfyl lsok ds fy, fo'ks"k vkoaVu

fd;k tkrk gSA iqfyl dks blh ctV ls /ku izkIr gksrk gSA

29- ctV dk vuqeksnu dkSu djrk gS vkSj bldk lcls cM+k

Hkkx fdl en ij [kpZ fd;k tkrk gS\iqfyl foHkkx }kjk cuk, x, ctV dks jkT; fo/kku eaMy vuqeksnu nsrk gSA dsUnz

'kkflr izns'kksa ds ekeys esa ctV laln }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k tkrk gSA lcls igys

iz'kklfud foHkkx ds egkfuns'kd }kjk izk:i rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS ;g izk:i Mh- th- ih-

dks Lohd`fr ds fy, Hkstk tkrk gSA ogka ls ;g x`g foHkkx dks tkrk gSA rc foŸk ea=ky;

bls viuh Lohd`fr nsrk gS vkSj fQj jkT; ctV ds :i esa eaf=eaMy ¼dSfcusV½ dh

Lohd`fr ds fy, Hkstk tkrk gS vkSj vUr esa ;g ppkZ ds fy, fo/kkueaMy esa Hkstk tkrk

gSA fo/kkueaMy esa ppkZ ds ckn o"kZ dk iqfyl ctV Lohd`r gksrk gSA jkT; ctV esa

iqfyl O;oLFkk ds fy, vkoafVr /kujkf'k dk lcls cM+k Hkkx osru ij [kpZ gksrk gSA O;;

ds vU; en gSa izf'k{k.k] tkap] cqfu;knh <kapk] vkokl vkfnA

11

30- gesa ;g tkudkjh dSls feysxh fd iqfyl dks feyus okyh

jkf'k dks mfpr :i ls [kpZ fd;k tkrk gS\iqfyl ds [kkrs vkSj [kpZ dh xbZ jkf'k dh tkap fu;a=d vkSj egkys[kk ijh{kd ¼lh- ,-

th-½ }kjk okf"kZd ys[kk tkap ds ek/;e ls dh tkrh gSA bu [kkrksa dk C;kSjk laln vkSj

fo/kkueaMyksa dks Hkstk tkrk gSA budh tkap fd, tkus ds ckn bUgsa x`g@iqfyl foHkkx

ds osclkbV ij ;k laln xzaFkky; esa miyC/k djk;k tkrk gSA vki iqfyl ds okf"kZd

O;; ds laca/k esa lwpuk vf/kdkj vf/kfuf;e ds varxZr Hkh tkudkjh gkfly dj ldrs

gSaA pwafd iqfyl O;oLFkk esa djnkrkvksa ds /ku dk mi;ksx gksrk gS & tks vkidk /ku gksrk

gS] vkidks ;g lqfuf'pr djus esa #fp fn[kkuh pkfg, fd ;g jkf'k leqfpr :i ls [kpZ

dh tk,A

31- iqfyl fdl dkuwu ls 'kkflr gksrh gS\1861 ds iqfyl vf/kfu;e }kjk vf/kdrj jkT;ksa dh iqfyl 'kkflr gksrh gSA dqN jkT;ksa

ds vius iqfyl vf/kfu;e gSaA ijUrq lHkh iqfyl vf/kfu;e iqjkus dkuwu ds vuq:i

cuk, x, gSaA

12

vHkh gky gh esa dqN jkT;ksa us vius iqfyl dkuwuksa esa la'kks/ku fd;k gS vkSj ,d u;k

iqfyl vf/kfu;e cuk;k gSA blds vykok fØfeuy izkslhtj dksM ¼lh-vkj-ih-lh-½

bafM;u ihuy dksM ¼vkbZ-ih-lh-½ rFkk dqN LFkkuh; dkuwuksa }kjk iqfyl dk dk;Z

fofu;fer gksrk gSA

32- iqfyl vf/kfu;e esa D;k dgk x;k gS\iqfyl vf/kfu;e esa vkerkSj ij ;g dgk x;k gS fd iqfyl D;k dj ldrh gS vkSj D;k

ugha dj ldrhA iqfyl cy fdl izdkj laxfBr fd;k tk,xk] muds D;k jSad gksaxs] cy

dk usr`Ro dkSu djsxk] fu;qfDr dkSu djsxk] xyr dk;Z djus ij iqfyl dks fdl izdkj

ds naM vkSj vuq'kklukRed dkjZokbZ dk lkeuk djuk gksxk & ;g lkjh ckrsa iqfyl

vf/kfu;e esa crk;h x;h gSaA blesa vke turk ds fy, dqN fu;e Hkh fu/kkZfjr fd, x,

gSaA

33- iqfyl vf/kfu;e esa ukxfjdksa }kjk fd, x, vijk/kksa dk

ft+Ø D;ksa gS\bl izdkj ds dqN vijk/kksa dks bl vf/kfu;e esa ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, 'kkfey

fd;k x;k gS rkfd izR;sd O;fDr lM+dksa vkSj lkoZtfud LFkyksa dks lkQ&lqFkjh]

xM+cMheqDr] lqjf{kr vkSj chekjh ls nwj j[ksaA mnkgj.k ds fy, i'kqvksa dks lM+d ij

[kqyk NksMus] mUgsa [kqys esa dkVus ;k muds lkFk Øwj O;ogkj djus ij iqfyl fdlh

O;fDr dks rqjar fxjQ~rkj dj ldrh gSA oSls yksx tks lM+d ij #dkoV iSnk djrs gSa]

bls xank djrs gSa] cxSj ykblsal lkeku cspus ds fy, lM+d ij j[krs gSa] vHknz gSa] u'ks esa

gSa ;k m/ke epkrs gSa ;k dqavk vkfn tSls [krjukd txgksa dks ckM+ yxkdj lqjf{kr j[kus

dh ft+Eesnkjh ugha fuHkkrs gSa] dks Hkh rRdky fxjQ~rkj dj ldrs gSaA

13

34- *fof/k lEer~ 'kklu* dk vFkZ D;k gksrk gS\bldk vFkZ gS fd ge lHkh cM+s ;k NksVs] vehj ;k xjhc] iq#"k ;k efgyk ;gka rd fd

ljdkjh vkSj yksd lsod] tSls fd iqfyl] dks Hkh dkuwu dk vuqikyu djuk gS vkSj ns'k

esa lafo/kku ds varxZr fu/kkZfjr dkuwu ds vuqlkj jguk gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr dkuwu ls

Åij ugha gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd iqfyl dh gj dkjZokbZ dkuwu ds vuqlkj gksuh

pkfg, vkSj ;fn og ,slk ugha djrh rks og dkuwu ds izfr tokcnsg gksxhA bldk ;g

Hkh vFkZ gS fd tks Hkh dkuwu cuk, tk, os mfpr vkSj U;k;laxr gkas vkSj lHkh ij fu"i{k

:i ls ykxw gksaA

35- ;fn dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh xyrh djrk gS rks D;k mls naM

fn;k tk ldrk gS\gka! fdlh Hkh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks fdlh Hkh lkekU; O;fDr ds leku dkuwu rksM+us ij

naM fn;k tk ldrk gSA okLro esa pwafd og ,slk O;fDr gksrk gS ftls dkuwu dks cuk,

j[kus dk dk;Z lkSaik x;k gS] dkuwu rksM+us ij mls T+;knk dBksj naM fn;k tkuk

pkfg,Axyrh djus ij iqfyl vf/kdkjhs dks naM nsus ds vusd jkLrs gSaA ;fn mlus

vijk/k fd;k gS rks mls vnkyr esa is'k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh vke O;fDr ds

leku mlds f[kykQ dkjZokbZ dh tk ldrh gSA

14

;fn og vf'k"V gS ;k [kjkc O;ogkj djrk gS vkSj viuk dk;Z visf{kr <ax ls ugha djrk gS rc ofj"B vf/kdkjh mls psrkouh nsdj ;k mlds osru esa dVkSrh dj ;k mldk jSad de dj] mls fuyafcr dj ;k mldk LFkkukUrj.k dj mls naM ns ldrk gSA

36- iqfyl vf/kdkjh [krjukd dk;Z djrs gSaA D;k mudk chek fd;k tkrk gS\gka! iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dk chek djk;k tkrk gSA lHkh iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dks xzqi ba';ksjsal dh lqfo/kk ds fy, Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gSA bldk izhfe;e muds osru ls fy;k tkrk gSA ,sls iqfyl vf/kdkjh ftudh vius drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu ds nkSjku e`R;q gks tkrh gS] muds ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks Hkh vuqxzg jkf'k dk Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gSA iqfyl vf/kdkjh [krjukd ekgkSy esa dke djrs gSaA vusd ekjs tkrs gSa ;k t+[eh gks tkrs gSaA

5okLro esa 2014 esa 737 iqfyl vf/kdkjh vius drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu ds nkSjku ekjs x, A ekjs x, iqfyldfeZ;ksa esa ls vf/kdrj dkaLVscy FksA

37- D;k eSa viuh lqj{kk ds fy, fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dh lsok ys ldrk gw¡\okLro esa ;fn vki ij xaHkhj [krjk gS rc vki iqfyl dh lsok ys ldrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh jkT; O;fDr dh lqj{kk dh O;oLFkk djrh gS vkSj dHkh&dHkh vkidks ml lqj{kk ds [kpsZ mBkus iMsaxsA iqfyl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj ;fn vki pkgrs gSa fd fdlh {ks= esa vfrfjDr iqfyl rSukr dh tk, vkSj izkf/kdkjh bl ckr ls lger gksrs gSa rks dqN le; ds fy, vfrfjDr iqfyl O;oLFkk ds fy, vkidks Hkqxrku djuk iMsxkA vr% mnkgj.k ds fy, fdlh fookg ;k futh volj ij iqfyl ml {ks= esa vkids [kpZ ij vfrfjDr iqfyl rSukr djus ij lger gks ldrh gSA ijUrq ;fn og {ks= vijk/k izHkkfor gS ;k ogka dksbZ lkoZtfud izn'kZu ;k dksbZ ?kVuk ?kVus okyh gS rks ;g iqfyl dk drZO; curk gS fd ogka vfrfjDr iqfyl rSukr djsa vkSj rc fdlh Hkh izdkj ds Hkqxrku dk ç'u ugha mBsxkA

15

4- i`"B 153] MkVk v‚u iqfyl vkxsZukbt+s'ku bu bafM;k] 2015A

38- D;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh gj le; M~;wVh ij gksrs gSa\gka! 1861 ds iqfyl vf/kfu;e esa ;g Li"V fd;k x;k gS fd iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks lnSo

M~;wVh ij ekuk tk,xkA ijUrq bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd mls dHkh Hkh vkjke dk le;

ugha fn;k tk,xkA bldk vFkZ ;g gksrk gS fd og tgka dgha Hkh gks pkgs onhZ esa ;k fcuk

onhZ ds mls dkuwu dks vo'; cuk, j[kuk pkfg,A fdlh vijk/k dks gksrs gq, ns[kdj

;k mls lgk;rk ds fy, cqyk;k tk, rks ;g ugha dg ldrk fd ßeSa M~;wVh ij ugha gw¡ÞA

39- D;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks vius ofj"B vf/kdkjh ;k vkns'k

nsus ds fy, l{ke vf/kdkjh tSls fd ftyk dysDVj ;k ea=h ds

fdlh Hkh çdkj ds vkns'k dk vuqikyu djuk gksxk\ugha! iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks fdlh vkns'k dk vuqikyu rHkh djuh pkfg, tc og dkuwuh

gksA iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks xyr dk;Z djus ij ft+Eesnkj Bgjk;k tk,xk Hkys gh mls og

dke djus ds fy, vkns'k feyk gksA og vius vki dks ;g dg dj funksZ"k ugha Bgjk

ldrk fd ml xSj&dkuwuh dke dks djus ds fy, mls fdlh vf/kdkjh us dgk FkkA bl

rdZ ls mls lqj{kk ugha feysxhA

16

40- D;k iqfyl dks ljdkjh ifjogu esa fu%'kqYd ;k=k djus

;k fcuk Hkqxrku fd,] O;kikfj;ksa ls lkeku ysus dh Lor%

vuqefr gS\dqN&dqN txgksa ij iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa dks flQZ M~;wVh ds nkSjku ljdkjh ifjogu esa

;k=k djus ds fy, ikl fn, tkrs gSaA oSls dksbZ Hkh iqfyl vf/kdkjh fu%'kqYd ;k=k djus

dk gdnkj ugha gSA mlh izdkj fdlh Hkh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks ckt+kj ls flQZ bl ckr

ij lkeku mBkus dk gd ugha gS fd og iqfyl vf/kdkjh gSA lHkh ukxfjdksa ds leku

mls Hkh viuh [kjhnnkjh ds fy, Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gSA

41- D;k gesa iqfyl vf/kdkjh ds lHkh vkns'kksa dks ekuuk

pkfg,\gka! ;fn og mlds M~;wVh ls tqM+k oS/k vkns'k gksA okLro esa ;g izR;sd O;fDr dk drZO;

gS fd og iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks mlds drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu esa lgk;rk djsa fo'ks"kdj rc

tc iqfyl vf/kdkjh fdlh >xMs dks jksdus dh ;k vijk/k dks jksdus dh dksf'k'k dj

jgk gks ;k fdlh O;fDr dks mldh fgjklr ls Hkkxus ls jksdus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gksA

ukxfjdksa dk ;g Hkh drZO; gS fd og fdlh ?kksf"kr vijk/kh dks iukg u nsaA ;fn vki

ekeys ds laca/k eas dqN tkurs gSa ;k dqN ns[ks gSa rks vkidk ;g Hkh drZO; gS fd vki

vnkyr esa xokgh nsaA

17

42- ;fn iqfyl vf/kdkjh eq>s dgha pyus dks dgrk gS rks D;k

eq>s mlds lkFk tkuk pkfg,\ugha! tc dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh vkidks vius drZO;ksa ds fuoZgu] tSls fd] fdlh O;fDr

dh fxjQ~rkjh] lkeku t+Cr djus ;k fdlh vijk/k LFky dh tkap djus esa vkidks xokg

cuus ds fy, pyus dks dgrk gS rks vkidks vo'; tkuk pkfg, vkSj mldh lgk;rk

djuh pkfg,A ikjEifjd rkSj ij bls iap dgk tkrk gSA ,slk O;fDr tks fu"i{k gksdj

vnkyr esa dg ldrk gS fd mlus ml oDr D;k ns[kkA

43- ;fn dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh eq>s iqfyl Fkkus esa cqyk, rks

D;k eq>s ogka tkuk pkfg,\ugha] fcYdqy ugha! iqfyl ds lkFk lg;ksx djuk vPNh ckr gS ijUrq Fkkuk tkuk rc

rd t+:jh ugha gS tc rd fd iqfyl vf/kdkjh vkidks vkSipkfjd :i ls fxjQ~rkj u

djsA vU;Fkk ;fn og fdlh vijk/k ds ckjs esa vkils iz'u iwNuk pkgrk gS ;k dksbZ

iwNrkN djuk pkgrk gS rks mls vkidks fyf[kr :i ls lEeu Hkstuk gksxkA tc rd

lEeu ugha Hkstk tkrk vki ij Fkkuk vkus ds fy, ncko ugha Mkyk tk ldrkA tgka

rd efgyk ;k 15 o"kZ ls de mez ds cPps dk laca/k gS iqfyl muls flQZ muds ?kj esa gh

iwNrkN dj ldrh gSA

18

44- D;k eq>s iqfyl vf/kdkjh }kjk iwNs lHkh ç'uksa dk mŸkj

nsuk pkfg,\gka! bZekunkjhiwoZd Li"V rjhds ls mŸkj nsuk vkSj iqfyl dks os lHkh ckrsa crkuk tks vki

tkurs gSa] csgrj gSA ;fn vki dqN ugha tkurs gSa rks iqfyl vki ij c;ku

nsus ds fy, ncko ugha Mky ldrh ;k vkidks dqN

Lohdkjus ds fy, etcwj ugha dj ldrhA ;g

lqfuf'pr djuk gj le; csgrj gksrk gS fd

tc iqfyl vkils ç'u iwNs dksbZ u dksbZ

vkids lkFk gksA

45- D;k ;g iqfyl vf/kdkjh

dk drZO; gS fd tc eSa ijs'kkuh esa gw¡ og

esjh lgk;rk djs\gka! 1985 esa x`g ea=ky; }kjk iqfyl ds fy, vkpkj lafgrk

dk ,d fn'kkfunsZ'k tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk ;g lHkh jkT;@la?k

jkT; {ks=ksa ds lHkh eq[; lfpoksa vkSj dsUnzh; iqfyl laxBuksa ds izeq[kksa

dks Hkstk x;kA blesa iqfyl ls fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds /ku vkSj lkekftd gSfl;r dks /;ku

esa j[ks cxSj lHkh O;fDr dh lgk;rk djus dh vis{kk dh xbZ gSA bl vkpkj lafgrk ds

vuqlkj fcuk Hk; vkSj i{kikr ds lHkh O;fDr;ksa dks lqj{kk iznku djus ds muds fu;fer

drZO;ksa esa yksxksa ds dY;k.k dks /;ku esa j[kuk] muds izfr lg`n; vkSj gennZ gksuk]

O;fDrxr lsok djuk vkSj nksLrh dk gkFk c<+kuk 'kkfey gSA

46- D;k eSa iqfyl dks viuh ikfjokfjd leL;k esa enn ds

fy, dg ldrk gw¡\;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd leL;k fdl izdkj dh gSA ;fn leL;k vijk/k ls

lacaf/kr gS tSls fd ifjokj esa fgalk] efgyk ;k cPps dks cqjh rjg ihVuk ;k ?kj esa tcju

?kqluk rks iqfyl vkidh vo'; lgk;rk djsxh vkSj budkj ugha dj ldrhA ;g ugha

dg ldrh fd ;g futh ekeyk gSA ijUrq ;fn o;Ld vkSykn vkKkdkjh ugha gS vkSj

'kknh djus ds fy, ?kj ls Hkkx x, gSa rks ;g iqfyl dk dke ugha gS fd og mudk ihNk

djs vkSj ?kj okil vkus ij mUgsa etcwj djsaA ;g iwjh rjg ikfjokfjd ekeyk gSA

47- ;fn iqfyl vf/kdkjh lgk;rk ugha djrk ;k ?kVuk LFky

ij dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh ugha gS rks D;k yksx fdlh pksj ;k

vuqfpr dke djus okys O;fDr dks fxjQ~rkj dj ldrs gSa vkSj

mls ogha lt+k ns ldrs gSa\gka Hkh vkSj ugha Hkh! vki oSlh fxjQ~rkjh dj ldrs gSa ftls ukxfjd fxjQ~rkjh dgrs gSa

vkSj nks"kdÙkkZ dks idM+ ldrs gSa vkSj mls ut+nhdh iqfyl Fkkuk ys tk ldrs gSaA vki

cl bruk gh dj ldrs gSa ijUrq vki nks"kdÙkkZ dks ihV ugha ldrs ;k mls ihVus okyh

HkhM+ esa 'kkfey ugha gks ldrsA ukxfjdksa dks flQZ viuh lqj{kk djus dk vf/kdkj gSaA

bls izkbosV izfrj{kk dk vf/kdkj ;k vkRe j{kk dk vf/kdkj dgrs gSaA ijUrq bldk Hkh

mfpr mi;ksx gksuk pkfg, ;g ,drjQk ekjihV ;k nwljs i{k dk vR;f/kd vieku dk

:i ugha ys ldrk vkSj ;fn dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh ,slk djus nsrk gS ;k ,sls dk;Z esa

19

'kkfey gksrk gS rks ml ij vuq'kklukRed dkjZokbZ gksus ;k vkijkf/kd vkjksi yxk,

tkus dh laHkkouk gSA

48- ;fn iqfyl vf/kdkjh esjh lgk;rk ugha djrk gS rks eSa D;k

dj ldrk gw¡\fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks tkucw> dj drZO; dk mYya?ku ;k mis{kk djus ij

dkjkokl dk naM gks ldrk gSA ;fn iqfyl vf/kdkjh enn ugha djrk gS vkSj vkidks

{kfr gqbZ gks rks vki mlds f[kykQ mlds ofj"B vf/kdkjh dks f'kdk;r dj ldrs gSaA

,sls ekeys esa mls drZO; dh vogsyuk dk nks"kh ik;k tk ldrk gSA

49- D;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh og lHkh dke dj ldrs gSa tks og

pkgsa\ugha! fcYdqy ugha! os flQZ ogh dke dj ldrs gSa tks oS/k gksA okLro esa os vusd fu;eksa

ls ca/ks gksrs gSaA blesa muds vius foHkkxh; fofu;e] naM lafgrk ds dkuwu] mPpre

U;k;ky; }kjk fn, x, vkns'k vkSj ekuo

vf/kdkj vk;ksx }kjk fu/kkZfjr izfØ;k,a

'kkfey gSA

50- ijUrq ;fn iqfyl

vf/kdkjh mu fu;eksa dk

vuqikyu ugha djrk gS rks

D;k gksxk\vki mlds ofj"B vf/kdkjh ls ;k ekeys dh

xaHkhjrk dks ns[krs gq, eSftLVªsV ls mldh f'kdk;r

dj ldrs gSaA fyf[kr f'kdk;r djuk vkSj ml f'kdk;r

dh jlhn ysuk lnSo csgrj jgrk gSA

51- eSa fdl izdkj dh f'kdk;r dj ldrk gwa\vki iqfyl vf/kdkjh }kjk fd, fdlh Hkh xyr dk;Z dh f'kdk;r dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd

og ,d yksd lsod gS tks iwjs le; viuh M~;wVh djus ds fy, ck/; gSA og vius

M~;wVh dh vosgyuk ugha dj ldrk vkSj u gh blesa nsjh dj ldrk gSA

52- ;fn iqfyl vf/kdkjh vf'k"V gS vkSj gekjk vieku djrk

gS rc D;k gksxk\iqu% ;fn ;g ekeyk drZO;ksa dh vosgyuk dk ;k vuq'kklu dk gS rks vki mlds ofj"B

vf/kdkjh ls mldh f'kdk;r dj ldrs gSaA ijUrq ;fn ;g mlls Hkh vf/kd xaHkhj gS ;k

vijk/k gS rks vki ;k rks iqfyl LVs'ku esa mlds f[kykQ f'kdk;r dj ldrs gSa vkSj

LFkkuh; U;kf;d eSftLVªsV ds ikl tk ldrs gSa vkSj f'kdk;r ntZ djk ldrs gSaA

20

53- ijUrq ;fn eSa LFkkuh; iqfyl Fkkuk esa f'kdk;r ntZ djkrk

gwa rks D;k ogak ds iqfyldehZ vius vf/kdkjh ds f[kykQ

f'kdk;r ntZ djus ls euk dj ldrs gSa\gka! bl rjg dh ckrsa vDlj gksrh gSA ysfdu ekeyk ;gha [kRe ugha gksrk gSA vki

mlds vHknz ;k vf'k"V O;ogkj ;k dRrZO;ksa dh vosgyuk ;k iqfyl 'kfDr ds nq#i;ksx

dh f'kdk;r iqfyl izeq[k ls dj ldrs gSa ;k fQj ;fn ekeyk vijk/k dk gS rks vki

utnhdh eSftLVªsV ds ikl tk ldrs gSaA

54- ijUrq D;k ekeys dks vnkyr es ys tkuk dkQh dfBu gS

vkSj blesa dkQh le; yxrk gS\ifq yl ds f[kykQ f'kdk;r djus dks ljy cukus vkjS bl ifz Ø;k dks vklku vkjS Rofjr

cukus ds fy, dNq jkT;ka s us ifq yl f'kdk;r ikz f/kdj.k xfBr fd, gAS ;g ,d fo'k"s k

fudk; gS tks ifq yl ds f[kykQ ukxfjdka s dh f'kdk;rka s dks n[s krk gAS blds vfrfjDr

dkbs Z Hkh O;fDr ifq yl ds f[kykQ f'kdk;r dks jk"Vªh; vkjS jkT; Lrj ij xfBr vU;

vk;kxs ka s ea s ys tk ldrk gAS buea s jk"Vªh; ekuo vf/kdkj vk;kxs vkjS jkT; ekuo vf/kdkj

vk;kxs ] vulq fw pr tkfr rFkk vulq fw pr tutkfr vk;kxs ] jk"Vªh; efgyk vk;kxs vkjS

blh idz kj ds jkT; ds vk;kxs vkjS cky vk;kxs 'kkfey gAaS Hk"z Vkpkj ls lca fa /kr ekeyka s

ds fy, dUs nhz ; tkpa C;jw k]s dUs nhz ; lrdrZ k vk;kxs ] ykds vk;Dq r vkjS jkT; lrdrZ k

foHkkx gAS ;s vk;kxs vkidh f'kdk;rka s ij /;ku nxas ]s tkpa djxas s vkjS viuh 'kfDr;ka s ds

vulq kj ifq yldehZ ds f[kykQ ,Q- vkb-Z vkj- ntZ djus dh flQkfj'k Hkh dj ldrs gAaS

;g vk;kxs ihfMr+ dks evq kotk nus s dk vkn's k Hkh ns ldrs gAS

55- ;fn eSa iqfyl dks fdlh vijk/k ds ckjs esa crkuk pkgwa rks

eq>s D;k djuk gksxk\;fn ;g pksjh ;k lsa/kekjh] yM+fd;ksa ls NsM+[kkuh] geyk] cPpksa ls NsM+[kkuh] cykRdkj]

vigj.k] ekuo nqO;kZogkj vkSj naxs tSls xaHkhj vijk/k dk ekeyk gS rks vki LFkkuh;

iqfyl Fkkus ds izeq[k ds ikl lh/ks ,Q vkbZ vkj ntZ djk ldrs gSaA os bls jftLVj

djds vkidks bldh ,d izfr nsus ds fy, dkuwuu ck/; gSA vki viuh f'kdk;r

ysdj eSftLVªsV ds ikl Hkh tk ldrs gSa] og bls ntZ djsxkA

56- ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- D;k gksrk gS\;g QLVZ bUQkjes'ku fjiksVZ ¼izFke lwpuk fjiksVZ½ dk laf{kIr uke gSA dksbZ

ihfM+r O;fDr] xokg ;k laKs;@dkfXutscy vijk/k dh ?kVuk ds ckjs

eas tkuus okyk dksbZ vU; O;fDr ,Q vkbZ vkj ntZ djk ldrk

gSA vki ,Q vkbZ vkj esa ?kVuk ds ckjs esa tks crkrs gSa iqfyl

ml vk/kkj ij ?kVuk ds ckjs esa tkap 'kq: djrh gS vkSj

rF; bDV~Bk djrh gS rkfd vxj dksbZ vijk/k curk

gS rks ml ij dkjZokbZ dh tk

ldsA

21

57- D;k eq>s ,Q vkbZ vkj ntZ djkus ds fy, LFkkuh; iqfyl Fkkus esa tkuk gksxk ;k eSa fdlh Hkh iqfyl Fkkus esa ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- ntZ djk ldrk gwa\vki fdlh Hkh iqfyl Fkkuk esa ,Q vkbZ vkj ntZ djk ldrs gSa ijUrq LFkkuh; iqfyl Fkkuk ftlds {ks=kf/kdkj esa og LFkku vkrk gS tgka vijk/k ?kVk gS] tkuk csgrj gS D;ksafd lEcfU/kr Fkkuk tYnh dk;Zokgh djus dh fLFkfr esa gksxkA vxj vki fdlh vU; Fkkus esa ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- ntZ djokrs gSa rks og bls ntZ djds lEca) Fkkus dks Hkstus ds

fy, ck/; gSA os bl ckr ij vkidk ,Q vkbZ vkj ntZ djus ls budkj ugha dj ldrs fd vijk/k muds {ks= esa ugha gqvk gSA

58- D;k iqfyl esjh f'kdk;r ntZ djus ls budkj dj ldrh gS\gka! vkSj ugha Hkh! Hkkjr esa vijk/k laKs; vkSj vlaKs; nks izdkj ds gksrs gSaA laKs; vijk/k gR;k] cykRdkj] naxk] MdSrh vkfn tSls vijk/k dks dgrs gSa ftldk vFkZ gS fd iqfyl lh/ks mldk uksfVl ys ldrh gSA ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- ntZ dj ldrh gS vkSj tkap 'kq: dj ldrh gSA vlaKs; vijk/k] /kks[kk/kM+h] Bxh] tkylkth] nks fookg dk ekeyk] lkeku de rksyuk ;k feykoVh lkeku cspuk] tu v'kkafr iSnk djuk tSls vijk/k dks dgrs gSa ftldk vFkZ gS fd tkap rHkh 'kq: gksxh tc eSftLVªsV us f'kdk;r dks fjdkMZ dj fy;k gS vkSj iqfyl dks tkap djus dk funs'k fn;k gSA nksuksa izdkj ds vijk/k ds bl varj dks le>us dk rjhdk ;g gS vijk/k ftl ij rRdky izfrfØ;k dh vko';drk gS] mlds ckjs esa iqfyl dks lh/ks f'kdk;r dh tk ldrh gS vkSj nwljs vijk/kksa ij f'kdk;r ds fy, eSftLVªsV ds ikl tkuk gksrk gSA vr% ;fn iqfyl vkidh f'kdk;r dks lh/ks ntZ ugha djrh rks de ls de bls lqusxh vkSj viuh nSfud Mk;jh esa vkids ekeys dks fy[ksxhA vkidks mldh ,d izfr fu%'kqYd nsxh vkSj vkidks eSftLVªsV ds ikl tkus dks dgsxhA

59- ;fn esjh f'kdk;r laKs; vijk/k ds ckjs esa gS ijUrq Fkkuk vf/kdkjh bls ntZ djus ls budkj djrk gS rks eSa D;k dj ldrk gwa\vki ofj"B vf/kdkjh@ftyk iqfyl izeq[k ;k utnhdh U;kf;d eSftLVªsV ds ikl f'kdk;r ys tk ldrs gSa vkSj os bls ntZ djus dk vkns'k ns ldrs gSaA ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd vkidh f'kdk;r fjdkMZ gks vkSj bl ij dkjZokbZ gks] f'kdk;r dks Lo;a vius gkFk ls nsa vkSj ;fn vki bls Mkd ls Hkstrs gSa rks ikofr jftLVj Mkd ls HkstsaA fdlh Hkh izdkj bldh ,d jlhn ysa tks bldk lcwr gksxk fd f'kdk;r dh xbZ gS vkSj bl jlhn dks lqjf{kr j[kasA ;g bl ckr dks n'kkZ,xk fd f'kdk;r okLro esa lEc) vf/kdkjh }kjk izkIr dh xbZ gSA blls vkidh f'kdk;r ij /;ku fn;k tk,xk ysfdu vkidks bl laca/k esa Hkh f'kdk;r djuh pkfg, fd f'kdk;r ntZ djus esa vkidks fdruh dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA ,slk djus ij laHkkouk gS fd og vf/kdkjh nqckjk ,slk O;ogkj u djsA

60- ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- esa D;k 'kkfey fd;k tkuk pkfg,\,Q- vkbZ- vkj- vkids }kjk fn, x, os rF; gSa tks vki tkurs gSa ;k ftlds ckjs esa vkidks crk;k x;k gSA ;g csgrj gksrk gS fd vkidks rF;ksa dh izR;{k tkudkjh gks ysfdu ;g t:jh ugha fd vkius Lo;a ?kVuk dks ns[kk gksA tks dqN Hkh gks vkidks flQZ

22

lgh tkudkjh nus h pkfg,A rF;ka s dks c<k+ &p<k+ dj u crk,a ;k dYiuk u dja s ;k fu"d"kZ u fudkyAas ?kVuk dk LFkku] rkjh[k vkjS le; crk,Aa bles a 'kkfey gj O;fDr dh Hkfw edk ds ckjs ea s lko/kkuhiow dZ crk,]a crk,a fd os dgka Fk]s os D;k dj jgs Fk]s crk,a fd gj O;fDr us D;k&D;k fd;k vkjS ;g Hkh crk,a fdl idz kj dk udq lku gvq k vkjS lEifRr dh D;k gkfu gbq AZ ;g crkuk u Hkyw a s fd fdl idz kj dk gfFk;kj bLres ky fd;k x;kA cgs rj gkxs k bu lHkh rF;ka s vkjS ifjfLFkfr;ka s dks ;Fkk'kh?kz fjdkMZ fd;k tk,A ;fn f'kdk;r dks fjdkMZ djus ea s dNq njs h gkrs h gS rks lfq uf'pr dja s fd njs h dk dkj.k Hkh fy[kk tk,A

61- eSa dSls lqfuf'pr d:a fd iqfyl us oks lHkh ckrsa lgh&lgh fy[kh gS tks eSaus dgk gS\;kn j[ksa ,Q vkbZ vkj mu phtksa ds ckjs esa vkidk c;ku gksrk gS tks vki tkurs gSa ;g fdlh ?kVuk ds ckjs esa iqfyl dk c;ku ugha gksrkA iqfyl dk dke blesa fcuk dksbZ ckr tksMs ;k fudkys ?kVuk dks lgh&lgh fy[kuk gSA bls lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, dkuwu esa visf{kr gS fd iqfyl vf/kdkjh ,Q-vkbZ-vkj i<+ dj vkidks lquk, vkSj tc vki mu fy[kh gqbZ ckrksa ls lger gkasa vki rHkh ml ij gLrk{kj djsaA mldh lPph izfrfyfi iqfyl }kjk vkidks fu%'kqYd nh tkrh gSA ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- ,d ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- jftLVj esa ntZ fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bldh izfr ofj"B vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj eSftLVªsV dks Hksth tkrh gSA

62- D;k efgykvksa ds ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- dks ntZ djus ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k ÁfØ;k gS\th gka] dfri; ekeyksa esaA bl ckr dks ekurs gq, fd efgykvksa ds fy, Fkkus tkuk vkSj ogka ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ djkuk vklku ugha gS dkuwu ;g vis{kk djrk gS fd tc dksbZ efgyk cykRdkj] lkewfgd cykRdkj] ihNk fd, tkus] xyr n`f"V ls ns[ks tkus] ;kSu mRihM+u] mldh bTtr ywVus ds vk'k; ls ml ij geyk djus vFkok ml ij rstkc Qsads tkus ds ckjs esa f'kdk;r djs rks mlds ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- dks dsoy efgyk iqfyl vf/kdkjh ;k vU; efgyk vf/kdkjh }kjk gh ntZ fd;k tk,xkA ;fn ihfM+r efgyk ekufld ;k 'kkjhfjd :i ls fu%'kDr gS rks mls viuh f'kdk;r ntZ djkus ds fy, iqfyl Fkkus tkus dh Hkh t:jr ugha gSA blds ctk, iqfyl dks mldh f'kdk;r fjdkMZ djus ds fy, ml efgyk ds ?kj ;k mlds ilUn ds LFkku ij tkuk gksxkA iqfyl dks efgyk dh t:jr ds vuqlkj fo'ks"k f'k{kd ;k lykgdkj dh O;oLFkk djuh pkfg,A ,slh efgyk ds c;ku dk ohfM;ks Hkh rS;kj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

63- D;k gkxs k ;fn ifq yl ,ls h ,Q-vkb-Z vkj- ntZ djus ls budkj dj n\s,ls k ifq yl vf/kdkjh tks fdlh efgyk ds fdlh Hkh Ádkj ds ;kuS vijk/k dh f'kdk;r dks ntZ ugha djrk gS vkjS ;fn og nk"s kh ik;k tkrk gS rks mls N% eghus ls nks o"kZ rd ds dkjkokl dh ltk gks ldrh gS vkjS mls teq kuZ k Hkh nus k iMxs+ kA

64- ;kSu nqjkpkj ds f'kdkj cPpksa ds ekeyksa ij dSls dkjZokbZ gksrh gS\ D;k bu ekeyksa ij iqfyl dksbZ fo'ks"k ÁfØ;k viukrh gS\th gk]a fu%lUngs ! yfaS xd vijk/kka s ls ckydka s dk lja {k.k vf/kfu;e] 2012 ea s ckydka s ds f[kykQ vijk/k dh lpw uk nus ]s lk{; dk fjdkMZ dju]s tkpa djus vkjS luq okbZ ds fy, os lHkh ÁfØ;k,a 'kkfey ga S tks ckydka s ds ykHk ds fy, gAS

23

T;ksagh f'kdk;r ntZ dh tkrh gS fd'kksj vijk/k iqfyl bdkbZ ;k LFkkuh; iqfyl ckyd ds ?kj ;k mlds ilUn ds LFkku ij mldk c;ku ntZ djsxhA ;g c;ku ÁkFkfed rkSj ij efgyk iqfyl vf/kdkjh }kjk ntZ fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftldk jSad lc&baLisDVj ls de u gksA ckyd dk c;ku ntZ djrs le; iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks onhZ esa ugha gksuk pkfg,A fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa ckyd dks fdlh Hkh dkj.ko'k jkr esa Fkkus esa jksddj ugha j[kk tk ldrk gSA ckyd dk c;ku mlh Hkk"kk esa ntZ fd;k tkuk pkfg, tks ckyd le>rk gksA ;fn t:jr gks rks iqfyl dks ckyd dh t:jr ds vuqlkj ,d Hkk"kkUrjdkj ;k vuqoknd ;k fdlh fo'ks"kK dh lgk;rk vo'; nsuh pkfg,A

;fn fd'kksj vijk/k iqfyl bdkbZ ;k LFkkuh; iqfyl ;g eglwl djrh gS fd ckyd dks ns[kHkky ;k lqj{kk dh t:jr gS rks iqfyl dks ml ckyd dks lq/kkj x`g ;k vLirky Hkstus dh rRdky O;oLFkk djuh pkfg,A ckyd dks ogka Hkstus ls igys iqfyl dks fyf[kr :i esa blds dkj.k fjdkMZ djus pkfg,A

;fn ckyd dks fpfdRlk tkap ds fy, vLirky ys tk;k tkrk gS rks mldh tkap ckyd ds ekrk&firk dh mifLFkfr esa vFkok fdlh ,sls O;fDr dh mifLFkfr esa djuh pkfg, ftl ij ckyd dk fo'okl gSA ;fn ihfM+r ckfydk gS rks mldh fpfdRlk tkap efgyk MkWDVj }kjk gh dh tkuh pkfg,A

65- ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- ntZ gksus ds ckn mldk D;k gksrk gS\,Q- vkbZ- vkj- iqfyl dh tkap dks 'kq: djrk gSA iqfyl ihfM+r ls ckr dj ldrh gSA ejrs oDr fn, c;ku lfgr vU; c;ku fjdkMZ dj ldrh gS] vijk/k LFky dh tkap djrh gS] lcwrksa dks Qkjsafld tkap ds fy, Hkst ldrh gS vkSj 'koksa dks ;fn vko';d gqvk] iksLVekVZe ds fy, Hkstrh gSA vusd yksxksa ls iwNrkN dj ldrh gS vkSj gj bl dke ls tkap vkxs c<+rh gSA tkap iwjh gksrs gh izHkkjh vf/kdkjh bls iwjk fjdkMZ djrk gSA bls pkyku ;k vkjksi i= dgrs gSaA

66- pkyku ;k vkjksi i= D;k gksrk gS\lkjh tkap iwjh dj ysus ds ckn izHkkjh vf/kdkjh lHkh rF;ksa dks ns[krk gS vkSj fu.kZ; ysrk gS fd D;k ;g lkfcr djus ds fy, i;kZIr lcwr gSa fd dksbZ vijk/k ?kfVr gqvk gS vkSj og mls vfHk;kstu vkSj vnkyr esa is'k djus ds fy, vkjksi i= esa ntZ djrk gSA ;fn vijk/k ds lHkh lcwrksa dh igpku ugha dj yh xbZ gS rks vkjksih dks vnkyr ds le{k is'k djus dk Qk;nk ugha gksxkA vkjksi i= tc vfHk;kstu vkSj vnkyr ds lkeus is'k fd;k tkrk gS rks mUgsa fu"i{k tkap djds ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkfg, fd rF;ksa o ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vijk/k gksus dk irk pyrk gS ;k ughaA

67- D;k iqfyl esjh f'kdk;r dks can dj ldrh gS vkSj ml ij vkxs dksbZ dkjZokbZ djus ls budkj dj ldrh gS\gka! ;fn iqfyl viuh tkap iwjk djus ds ckn ;g fu.kZ; ysrh gS fd dksbZ ,slk rF; ekStwn ugha gS tks ;g fl) djs fd dksbZ vijk/k gqvk gS ;k vkjksi ds leFkZu ds fy, i;kZIr lk{; ekStwn ugah gS ;k ;g fl) dj nsrh gS fd dksbZ vijk/k gqvk gS ijUrq ftlus vijk/k fd;k gS mldk irk ugha py ldk rks og ekeys dks can dj ldrh gSA ijUrq mUgsa vkidks fu.kZ; dh tkudkjh vo'; nsuh pkfg,A rc vki U;k;ky; ds le{k ml ekeys dks can djus dk fojks/k dj ldrs gSaA

68- D;k eq>s esjs ekeys ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh tkrh jgsxh\fof/k esa ,slk dqN fu/kkZfjr ugha gS ftlls iqfyl vf/kdkjh ds fy, ;g t:jh gks fd mls

24

vkids ekeys dh izxfr ds ckjs esa vkidks tkudkjh nsrs jguk pkfg,A ijUrq

f'kdk;rdRrkZ dks bl ckjs esa tkudkjh nsrs jguk ,d vPNh izFkk gS fd mldh f'kdk;r

ij D;k izxfr gks jgh gS c'krsZ fd blls tkap ij dksbZ vlj u iM+rk gksA

69- eSa D;k dj ldrk gwa ;fn iqfyl esjs ekeys dh tkap ugha

djrh gS ;k dkQh /kheh tkap dj jgh gS ;k fQj tkap ds lcls

egRoiw.kZ vk/kkj dk ijh{k.k djus ls budkj djrh gS\dkuwu dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fl)kUr gS fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr iqfyl dh tkap esa gLr{ksi ugha

dj ldrkA ;fn iqfyl tkap esa vkxs c<+us ls budkj djrh gS ;k dkQh /kheh xfr ls

tkap djrh gS ;k tkucw> dj tkap ds egRoiw.kZ vk/kkj dks vuns[kk djrh gS rks vki

mlds ofj"B vf/kdkjh ;k utnhdh eSftLVªsV ls f'kdk;r dj ldrs gS tks iqfyl

vf/kdkjh dks tkap djus ds vkns'k ns ldrk gS vkSj lkFk gh og tkap laca/kh fjdkMZ Hkh

ekax ldrk gSA lkFk gh vkids fy, ;g lqfuf'pr djuk Hkh egRoiw.kZ gS vki gj dke

fyf[kr :i ls djs vkSj lacaf/kr dkxtkrksa dh jlhn laHkky dj j[ksaA

70- ea S tc dHkh Hkh pkga w D;k ifq yl vf/kdkjh dks cyq k ldrk g\awgka! vkSj ugha Hkh! iqfyl ds ikl cgqr vf/kd dke gksrk gS vkSj mudh la[;k Hkh dkQh

de gksrh gSA vr% ukxfjd mUgsa NksVh&eksVh f'kdk;rksa vkSj vk/kkjghu lwpuk ds vk/kkj

25

ij ckj&ckj ugha cqyk ldrsA ijUrq ;fn vki dfBukbZ esa gSa] ;fn dksbZ vijk/k gqvk gS

;k gks jgk gS ;fn fdlh naxs ds gksus dh laHkkouk gS] ;fn dqN yksx yM+ jgs gSa vkSj ogka

'kkafr Hkax gksus dh laHkkouk gS ;k fQj vkidks dksbZ xaHkhj tkudkjh nsuh gks rks vki

iqfyl dks cqyk ldrs gSaA

ijUrq vki iqfyl dks fdlh ,sls dke ds fy, ugah cqyk ldrs tks mlds dRrZO;ksa ls u

tqM+k gksA dHkh&dHkh yksx 'kjkjr Hkh djrs gSa vkSj dksbZ ?kVuk u Hkh ?kVh gks rc Hkh

iqfyl dks Qksu dj nsrs gSaA ,slk djus ij mUgs ltk Hkh nh tk ldrh gSaA

71- D;k dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh cxSj iwNs esjs ?kj esa ?kql ldrk

gS] esjs ?kj dh ryk'kh ys ldrk gS vkSj lkeku mBk dj ys tk

ldrk gS\dsoy dqN lhfer ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ghA ;fn iqfyl vkids ?kj esa iwNrkN ds fy, vkrh gS

rks og vkids dgus ij gh vkids ?kj esa izos'k djsxhA ;fn iqfyl ds ikl ;g fo'okl

djus ds leqfpr vk/kkj gSa fd vkius fdlh lafnX/k ;k vijk/kh dks Nqik j[kk gS ;k

vkids ?kj esa pksjh dk lkeku gS ;k xSj&dkuwuh gfFk;kj gS rc Hkh og eSftLVªsV ls

ryk'kh okjaV ysdj gh vkids ?kj esa izos'k dj ldrh gSA ijUrq ;fn ml lafnX/k O;fDr

vijk/kh ;k lkeku dks rRdky gkfly djuk gks vkSj bl ckr dk Hk; gks fd vijk/kh ds

Hkkxus vFkok ;fn tCrh ugha gqbZ rks lkeku ds xqe gks tkus dh laHkkouk gS rks og vkids

?kj esa fcuk okjaV ds izos'k dj ldrh gSA

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72- bldk vFkZ gS fd iqfyl esjs ?kj esa izos'k dj ldrh gS vkSj

dksbZ Hkh lkeku mBkdj ys tk ldrh gS\ugha! tc okLrfod :i ls t:jr gks rHkh iqfyl fcuk okjaV ds vkids ?kj esa izos'k dj

ldrh gS tSls fd bl ckr dh okLrfod laHkkouk gks fd lafnX/k O;fDr Hkkx tk,xk ;k

fQj lcwr ds u"V gksus dh laHkkouk gksA okjaV lfgr ;k cxSj okjaV ds fdlh ds ?kj esa

izos'k ds fy, iwjh izfØ;k gksrh gSA iqfyl ds ikl de ls de nks fu"i{k LFkkuh; xokg

gksus pkfg,A ryk'kh edku ds Lokeh dh mifLFkfr esa gh dh tkuh pkfg,A edku ds

Lokeh dks ?kj ls nwj tkus ds fy, ugah dgk tk ldrkA iqfyl dks tCr lkeku dh lwph

cukuh pkfg,A xokg] iqfyl vkSj Lokeh dks tCr fd, x, lkeu dks lR;kfir djrs gq,

lwph ij gLrk{kj djuk pkfg, vkSj mldh ,d izfr Lokeh dks nsuh pkfg,A ;fn ?kj esa

inkZ djus okyh efgyk,a gksa rks ryk'kh ny esa efgyk vf/kdkjh vo'; 'kkfey gksuh

pkfg, vkSj mUgsa iwjh lH;rk ls ryk'kh djuh pkfg,A

73- ryk'kh okjaV D;k gksrk gS\Ykksxksa dk ?kj vkSj dk;kZy; futh LFkku gksrk gS vkSj tks fdlh Hkh izkf/kdkjh ds fy,

fcuk fdlh okLrfod dkj.k ds ryk'kh ds fy, [kqyk ugha

gSA vr% dkuwu vis{kk djrk gS fd dksbZ Hkh izkf/kdkjh tks

futh LFkku esa izos'k djuk pkgrk gks og Li"V djs fd

og mlds bl vf/kdkj dk guu D;ksa djuk pkgrk gSA

vr% igys iqfyl dks eSftLVªsV ds ikl tkuk gksrk gS

vkSj vius bl dkj.k dks Li"V djuk gksrk gS fd ml

ifjlj esa lkeku] dkxtkr ;k O;fDr Nqis gSa tks mUgsa

vijk/k dks lqy>kus esa enn djsaxsA ;fn eSftLVªsV larq"V

gS fd iqfyl vf/kdkjh va/ksjs esa rhj ugha pyk jgk gS rks

og mls vuqefr nsxkA ;g vuqefr dkQh lhfer gksrh

gS vkSj blesa mls fo'ks"k vf/kdkjh dk uke vkSj jSad

fy[kk gksrk gS ftls ml fo'ks"k LFkku esa izos'k djus dh

vuqefr gksrh gS vkSj bl ij vnkyr ds gLrk{kj vkSj lhy gksrh gSA

74- ;fn eSa lM+d ij py jgk gwa rks D;k dksbZ iqfyl vf/kdkjh

eq>s jksd ldrk gS vkSj eq>ls dqN Hkh iwN ldrk gS\ugha! vkerkSj ij iqfyl ls ,sls vke vknfe;ksa ds ekeys esa gLr{ksi djus dh vis{kk ugha

dh tkrh gS tks viuk jkstejkZ dk dke dj jgs gksaA ijUrq ;fn iqfyl ;g ns[krh gS fd

dksbZ O;fDr fdlh txg va/ksjs ds ckn ;wa gh ?kwe jgk gS rks mls ml O;fDr dks jksdus vkSj

mldk uke iwNus vkSj og ogka D;k dj jgk gS ;g iwNus vkSj ;fn mls dqN lafnX/k yxs

rks mls fxjQ~rkj djus dk iqfyl dks vf/kdkj gSA iqfyl lafnX/k O;fDr;ksa vkSj vknru

vijkf/k;ksa dks fgjklr esa ysus ds fy, bl 'kfDr dk vDlj bLrseky djrh gSA iqfyl

lq/kkj lfefr;ksa us bl 'kfDr ds vR;f/kd bLrseky ij ppkZ dh gS vkSj bl vf/kdkj ds

T;knk mi;ksx dh fuUnk Hkh dh gSA

27

75- D;k iqfyl eq>s fdlh izn'kZu ;k uqDdM+ cSBd esa Hkkx ysus

ls jksd ldrh gS\dksbZ Hkh O;fDr vkidks 'kkafriw.kZ izn'kZu esa 'kkfey gksus ls ugha jksd ldrkA ijUrq

vkerkSj ij izn'kZu ds fy, LFkkuh; iqfyl ls igys vuqefr ysuh pkfg,A ;fn iqfyl

;g eglwl djrh gS fd laHkkouk gS fd ;g izn'kZu 'kkafr Hkax djsxk ;k mxz gks tk,xk

rks og bls vk;ksftr djus ls lh/ks euk dj ldrh gSA ;fn vuqefr ds ckn ;g izn'kZu

v'kkafr iSnk djs rks og bls jksd ldrh gS vkSj yksxksa dks pys tkus dks dg ldrh gS

vkSj ;fn os ,slk ugha djrs rks og dkjZokbZ dj ldrh gSA ,d vksj rks iqfyl dk ;g

dRrZO; gS fd og ;g lqfuf'pr djs fd lc dqN 'kkar jgs nwljh vksj mudk ;g Hkh

dRrZO; gS fd og ukxfjdksa dks 'kkafriw.kZ lkoZtfud cSBd vk;ksftr djus ds muds

ekSfyd vf/kdkj ds mi;ksx esa mudh lgk;rk djsA

76- D;k iqfyl uqDdM+ cSBd ;k izn'kZu dks frrj&fcrj djus

ds fy, cy dk iz;ksx dj ldrh gS\gka] ijUrq iqfyl tks Hkh dk;Z djsa mls vkSfpR;iw.kZ gksuk pkfg,A mudk dk;Z ogka yksxks

dks naM nsuk ugha gSA mudk dk;Z ogka tu lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djuk gS vkSj ;g ns[kuk gS

fd ogka dkuwu O;oLFkk Hkax u gksA vr% fu;e ;g gS fd iqfyl HkhM+ dks fu;af=r

28

djus ds fy, cy dk iz;ksx vafre lk/ku ds :i esa gh djsA ;fn bldk bLrseky

vfuok;Z gks rks Hkh U;wure cy dk iz;ksx gh fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ;g cy iz;ksx

ifjfLFkfr ds vuqikr esa gks vkSj bls 'kh?kzrk'kh?kz jksd fn;k tkuk pkfg,A okLro esa

flQZ ,d dk;Zikyd eSftLVªsV ;k iqfyl Fkkuk izHkkjh ;k izHkkjh vf/kdkjh dh

vuqifLFkfr esa iqfyl vf/kdkjh] tks lc&baLisDVj ls uhps jSad dk u gks] bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa

esa cy iz;ksx dk vkns'k ns ldrk gSA

77- D;k iqfyl viuh bPNk ls xksyh pyk ldrh gS\ugha! fcYdqy ugha! vR;f/kd cy dk iz;ksx flQZ vlk/kkj.k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa gh fd;k

tkrk gS tc fu;a=.k ds lHkh lk/kuksa dk bLrseky gks pqdk gks vkSj os vlQy gks x, gksaA

iqu% ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa flQZ ,d eSftLVªsV ;k izHkkjh vf/kdkjh gh ,slh dkjZokbZ dk

vkns'k ns ldrk gSA

78- vxj HkhM+ mxz gks tkrh gS vkSj iRFkj Qasdrh gS ;k lEifRr

dks uqdlku igqapk jgh gS rks iqfyl D;k dj ldrh gS\iqfyl dk dke thou vkSj lEifRr dh lqj{kk djuk gS ijUrq og viuh dkjZokbZ fdl

izdkj djs] bldh dqN izfØ;k gSA loZizFke] mls HkhM+ dks frrj&fcrj gksus ds fy, dbZ

ckj psrkouh nsuh gksxhA lkFk gh le; Hkh nsuk gksxk rkfd HkhM+ frrj&fcrj gks ldsA

;fn HkhM+ rc Hkh frrj&fcrj u gks rks ,d vkSj vfUre psrkouh nsuh pkfg, vkSj rc

29

vkalw xSl NksM+h tkuh pkfg, ;k ykBh pyk;h tkuh pkfg,A ykBh dk izgkj flj ;k da/ks

ij ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg, cfYd dej ls uhps fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;fn iqfyl xksyh

pykus tk jgh gS rc ,d Li"V psrkouh nsuh pkfg, fd xksyh pyk;h tk,xhA ;gka Hkh

fu;e gS fd U;wure cy dk iz;ksx gks vkSj xksyh dk y{; dej ls uhps gksuk pkfg,A

xksyh dk y{; HkhM+ ds lcls mxz fgLls dh vksj gksuk pkfg,A xksyh pykus dk mn~ns';

fdlh dh e`R;q ugha cfYd HkhM+ dks frrj&fcrj gksuk pkfg,A T;ksafg HkhM+ frrj&fcrj

gksus yxs xksyh pykuh can dj nsuh pkfg,A t[eh O;fDr;ksa dks rRdky vLirky ys

tkuk pkfg, vkSj bl iwjh dkjZokbZ ij izR;sd vyx vf/kdkjh dks viuh Hkwfedk dh

fjiksVZ rS;kj djuh pkfg, rkfd mls fjdkMZ esa j[kk tk ldsA

79- D;k iqfyl eq>s fxjQ~rkj dj fdlh xqIr LFkku esa j[k

ldrh gS ;k bl lwpuk dks xqIr j[k ldrh gS fd mlus eq>s

idM+k gS\ugha! gkykafd iqfyl vDlj ,slk dke djrh gS ijUrq ;g dkuwu ds fo#) gSA T;ksagh

iqfyl vkidks viuh fgjklr esa ysrh gS vkidh 'kkjhfjd ns[kHkky vkSj vkids vf/kdkjksa

dh lqj{kk mldh ftEesnkjh gks tkrh gSA ;fn vkidks dksbZ uqdlku gksrk gS ;k vkids

vf/kdkjksa dk lEeku ugha gksrk gS vkSj fdlh u fdlh izdkj mudk guu gksrk gS rks

blds fy, iqfyl ftEesnkj gksrh gSA ;g ckr /;ku esa j[kh tkuh pkfg, fd ;g ,d

egRoiw.kZ dkuwuh eqn~nk gSA vxyh ckr] ;g rF; gS fd iqfyl mu lHkh O;fDr;ksa dk

fjdkMZ vius Fkkus ds lk/kkj.k Mk;jh esa j[kus ds fy, drZO;c) gS] ftUgsa ogka yk;k

tkrk gSA ;g n'kkZ,xk fd vkidks iwNrkN ds fy, dc yk;k x;k Fkk vkSj dc vkidh

fxjQ~rkjh dh xbZ FkhA ;g tkap vf/kdkjh dh dsl Mk;jh esa Hkh ntZ gksxkA iqfyl

daVªksy :e dks fiNys ckjg ?kaVs ds nkSjku lHkh fxjQ~rkj O;fDr;ksa dh lwph iznf'kZr

djuh pkfg,A var esa ;g rF; fd vki tkap ds nkSjku ,d odhy dh lsok ysus ds ik=

gSa dk vFkZ de&ls&de ;g gksrk gS fd fgjklr esa j[ks x, LFkku dk irk fe=ksa ;k

fj'rsnkjksa dks gksuk pkfg, vkSj og LFkku mudh igaqp esa gksuk pkfg,A

80- D;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh eq>s Fkkuk esa j[k ldrk gS vkSj D;k

eSa viuh bPNk ls ogka ls tk ldrk gwa\tc rd fd vki fdlh i;kZIr dkj.k ds vkSipkfjd rkSj ij fxjQ~rkj ugha fd, x, gSa

vki viuh bPNk ds fo#) fgjklr esa ugha j[ks tk

ldrsA ;fn iqfyl us vkidks iwNrkN ds fy,

lEeu Hkstk gS rks ;g vkidk dRrZO; gS

fd vki muds lkFk lg;ksx djsa vkSj

tkap esa mudh lgk;rk djsaA ijUrq

iwNrkN rqjUr dh tkuh pkfg,

vkSj rqjUr iwjh gksuh pkfg, u fd

iqfyl vfuf'pr le; rd

iwNrkN djrh jgsA iqfyl vkidks

Fkkuk esa T;knk le; rd bUrtkj

ugha djk ldrhA tc vki pkgsa

vki tk ldrs gSaA

30

81- ;fn ifq yl vf/kdkjh e>q s tkus ugha nrs k rks ea S D;k d:xa k\;fn vki vkSipkfjd :i ls fxjQ~rkj ugha fd, x, gSa rks viuh bPNk ds fo#) vkidks

,d {k.k ds fy, Hkh Fkkus esa fgjklr esa j[kuk ,d xaHkhj vijk/k gSA bls xSj&dkuwuh :i

ls jksddj j[kuk dgrs gSa vkSj vki ;k vkids ifjokj ds lnL; ;k vkids fe= ml

iqfyl vf/kdkjh ds f[kykQ mlds ofj"B vf/kdkjh dks ;k eSftLVªsV dks f'kdk;r dj

ldrs gSaA blls Hkh egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd vki vius odhy] ifjokj ;k fe=ksa ds }kjk

rRdky mPp U;k;ky; ;k mPpre U;k;ky; tk ldrs gSa vkSj vkidh rRdky fjgkbZ ds

fy, cUnh izR;{khdj.k ;kfpdk nk;j dj ldrs gSaA

82- cUnh izR;{khdj.k ¼gSfc;l dkiZl½ D;k

gksrk gS\;g mu yksxksa ds fy, dkQh iqjkuk lek/kku gS tks

'kfDr'kkyh 'kkldksa ds ,tsaVksa ¼iqfyl½ }kjk mBk fy,

tkrs gSa vkSj muds ifjtu mudh lqj{kk djus esa vleFkZ

gksrs gSaA bldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ̂ ^O;fDr dks is'k djuk** gSA ;g

voS/k canhdj.k dk ,d O;ogkfjd mipkj gSA

mPp U;k;ky; ;k mPpre U;k;ky;

rkRdkfydrk ds vk/kkj ij bldk fuiVku

djrk gSA U;k;ky; dks fdlh O;fDr ds xqe gks

tkus laca/kh vkosnu feyus dk vFkZ ;g gksrk gS

fd ihfM+r O;fDr vafre ckj iqfyl dh fgjklr esa

ns[kk x;k FkkA U;k;ky; ml O;fDr dks vius

le{k rRdky is'k djus dk vkns'k iqfyl dks

nsxk vkSj ;fn dSn dks mfpr ugha Bgjk;k tkrk rks mls NksM+ nsxkA ;fn dSn

xSj&dkuwuh gS rks U;k;ky; ihfM+r O;fDr dks eqvkotk Hkh ns ldrk gSA

83- fdlh ,sls O;fDr dk irk yxkus dk D;k vU; rjhdk Hkh

gS ftls xSj&dkuwuh :i ls fxjQ~rkj fd;k x;k gks vkSj eq>s

irk u gks fd mls dgka j[kk x;k gS\gka! vki iqfyl Fkkuk esa lwpuk ds vf/kdkj ds varxZr vkosnu ns ldrs gSa ftlesa vki

ml O;fDr ds irk fBdkus ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ekaxsaA pwafd ;g tkudkjh fdlh O;fDr ds

thou vkSj Lora=rk ls lacaf/kr gS blfy, iqfyl vkidks 48 ?kaVs ds vanj lwpuk nsus ds

fy, ck/; gSA

84- D;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh fcuk fdlh leqfpr dkj.k ds eq>s

fxjQ~rkj dj ldrh gS\ugha! iqfyl fxjQ~rkjh rHkh dj ldrh gS tc rd fxjQ~rkjh ds i;kZIr vk/kkj gksaA,Q

vkbZ vkj esa fdlh dk uke Mky fn;k tkuk gh fxjQ~rkjh dk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gksrk gSA

vkidks fxjQ~rkj fd, tkus ds fy, vkSj vf/kd lcwr dh vko';drk gksrh gSA

nwljh ckr ;fn fdlh O;fDr ij lUnsg gS fd mlus ,slk vijk/k fd;k gS ftlesa lkr

lky rd naM dh laHkkouk gS rc iqfyl vf/kdkjh rc rd ml O;fDr dks fxjQ~rkj ugha

tkvks ml O;fDr dks ysdj vkvks

31

dj ldrk tc rd fd og larq"V u gks tk, fd mls fxjQ~rkj djuk blfy, t:jh gS

rkfd mls vkSj vijk/k djus ls ;k lk{; ls NsM+[kkuh djus ls jksdk tk ldsA ;fn

iqfyl vf/kdkjh mls fxjQ~rkj djus ;k u djus dk fu.kZ; ysrk gS rks mls fyf[kr :i

ls bldk dkj.k nsuk gksxkA

85- ;fn iqfyl eq> ij lansg djrh gS fd eSaus dksbZ vijk/k

fd;k gS rks D;k og esjs ifjokj ds lnL;ksa dks Hkh fxjQ~rkj dj

ldrh gS\ugha! dHkh ugha! laca/k gksus ls gh dksbZ nks"kh ugha gksrk gSA izR;sd O;fDr ds nks"kh gksus ;k

funksZ"k gksus ij fu.kZ; ml O;fDr ds Lo;a ds dk;ksZa ds vuqlkj fy;k tkuk pkfg, vkSj

bl ckr ij ugha fd og fdlh lafnX/k O;fDr dk fudVLFk gS ;k laca/kh gSA fdlh Hkh

O;fDr dh vktknh fcuk fdlh fo'ks"k dkuwuh dkj.k ds ugha Nhuh tk ldrhA iqfyl

fdlh ifjokj ds lnL; dks ;k fe= dks /kedh ugha ns ldrh vkSj vkjksih ds ,sot esa

mUgsa fgjklr esa ugha ys ldrh gSA bl rjg dh fgjklr dks xSj&dkuwuh] canhdj.k ;k

vigj.k tSlk xaHkhj vijk/k ekuk tk,xkA pkgs fdruk Hkh dfBu ekeyk gks iqfyl

lafnX/k O;fDr dks vkRe&leiZ.k djus ;k viuk vijk/k Lohdkj djus ds fy,

xSj&dkuwuh jkLrs ugha viuk ldrhA flQZ oSls gh O;fDr fxjQ~rkj gks ldrs gSa

ftuds f[kykQ ;g ekuus ds i;kZIr vk/kkj gS fd mUgksaus vijk/k fd;k gSA

86- D;k efgykvksa dh fxjQ~rkjh vkSj fgjklr esa muds lkFk

O;ogkj ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k fu;e gS\fcYdqy gS! fdlh Hkh efgyk dks lw;kZLr vkSj lw;ksZn; ds chp rc rd

fxjQ~rkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk tc rd fd ,slk djus dk dksbZ vfr

fo'ks"k dkj.k u gksA blds ckotwn eSftLVªsV ls fyf[kr vuqefr

ysuk vfuok;Z gS tks ;g vuqefr ;g larq"V gksus ds ckn nsrk gS fd

fxjQ~rkjh ds i;kZIr dkj.k gSaA fxjQ~rkjh djrs le; efgyk

iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk mifLFkr jguk t:jh gSA ml efgyk dks

iqfyl Fkkus esa ,d vyx gokykr esa j[kk tkuk pkfg, vkSj fdlh

Hkh izdkj dh tkap ;k 'kkjhfjd ryk'kh vkfn fdlh efgyk iqfyl

vf/kdkjh ;k MkWDVj }kjk gh dh tkuh pkfg,A ;g iqfyl

vf/kdkjh ds gh fgr esa gksxk fd og ;g lqfuf'pr djs fd

efgykvksa ls lacaf/kr lHkh izfØ;k dk lko/kkuhiwoZd vuqikyu gks

vkSj fjdkMZ j[kk tk,A dkuwu dgrk gS fd ;fn fgjklr esa j[kh xbZ

efgyk mnkgj.k ds fy, cykRdkj dh f'kdk;r djrh gS rks bl

f'kdk;r dks rc rd Lohdkj fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd iqfyl

vf/kdkjh ;g fl) u djs fd ;g ?kVuk ugha ?kVh gSA

32

87- D;k cPpksa ds fy, dksbZ fo'ks"k izfØ;k gS\lk/kkj.k fof/k ds varxZr 7 o"kZ ls de vk;q ds cPps vijk/k ds

vkjksih ugh gks ldrsA vr% LokHkkfod rkSj ij mUgsa iqfyl

fgjklr esa ugha fy;k tk ldrkA rFkkfi 18 o"kZ dh vk;q rd ds

cPpksa ls iwNrkN] fxjQ~rkjh] fgjklr] fjgkbZ] tekur] fd'kksj

U;k; ¼cky ns[kHkky vkSj lqj{kk½ vf/kfu;e] 2002 ds vuqlkj

gksrh gSA

izR;sd iqfyl Fkkus esa fo'ks"k :i ls izf'kf{kr vf/kdkfj;ksa

lfgr fd'kksj vijk/kh iqfyl bdkbZ vo'; gksuh pkfg,A os

cPpksa dh ns[kHkky vkSj dY;k.k ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrs gS ftUgas

dHkh Hkh gokykr esa ugha j[kk tkuk pkfg,A blds ctk, cPpksa

dks vk'oklu vkSj tekur ij ekrk&firk dks rRdky lkSai

fn;k tkuk pkfg,A ;fn ekrk&firk] miyC/k u gks vkSj bl ckr

dk [krjk gks fd cPpk xyr gkFk esa iM+ ldrk gS rks cPps dks

vxyh ckj fd'kksj vijk/k U;k;ky; esa is'k fd, tkus rd LFkkuh;

vkWCtjos'ku gkse esa Hkstk tkuk pkfg,A dkuwu esa cPps ds lkFk O;ogkj dks fofu;fer

djus dk izeq[k fl)kar ;g gS fd lHkh izfØ;k esa cPps ds iquokZl ds fy, cPps ds

loksZRre fgr esa cky vuqdwy vo/kkj.kk gksuh pkfg,A

88- ;fn iqfyl eq>s fxjQ~rkj djrh gS rks D;k og tc rd

pkgs eq>s fxjQ~rkj j[k ldrh gS\fcYdqy ugha! iqfyl vkidks vius Fkkus esa vf/kdre 24 ?kaVs rd gh fxjQ~rkj j[k

ldrh gS vkSj ;g vf/kdre vof/k gSA iqfyl dks viuh fgjklr esa fy, O;fDr dks

mldh fxjQ~rkjh dks mfpr Bgjkus okys lHkh dkxtkrksa ds lkFk 24 ?kaVs ds vUnj mls

eSftLVªsV ds le{k is'k djuk pkfg,A

89- rc yksxksa dks 'kqØokj dh 'kke D;ksa fxjQ~rkj fd;k tkrk

gS vkSj vxys lkseokj rd gokykr esa D;ksa j[kk tkrk gS\bl rjg dh xSj&dkuwuh izFkk dks tkjh j[kus ds fy, iqfyl ;g lQkbZ nsrh gS fd

lIrkgkUr esa dksbZ eSftLVªsV miyC/k ugha gksrkA ijUrq okLro esa ,d eSftLVªsV gj fnu

vkSj gj le; miyC/k gksrk gSA fgjklr esa j[ks x, O;fDr ftldh 24 ?kaVs dh lhek

fu;fer U;k;ky; ds le; ds ckn [kRe gks jgh gS mldks eSftLVªsV ds le{k mlds ?kj

esa is'k fd;k tk ldrk gSA eSftLVªsV vkjksih dks ns[kus ls budkj ugha dj ldrkA

33

90- dksbZ Hkh O;fDr dSls tkusxk fd eSa

dgk j[kk x;k gwa\dkuwu esa vusd lqj{kk mik; gSa rkfd vki bl iz.kkyh

esa dgha [kks u tk,aA T;ksagh iqfyl vkidks fxjQ~rkj

djrh gS mls vusd dke djus gksrs gSA mls ,d

fxjQ~rkjh Kkiu rS;kj djuk pkfg, vkSj mls LFkkuh;

eSftLVªsV dks Hkstuk pkfg,A mls lqfuf'pr djuk

pkfg, fd vkidks rRdky ,d odhy dh lsok feys

pkgs og vkidk viuk odhy gks ;k fof/kd lgk;rk iz.kkyh dk gksA iqfyl dks

vkids ifjokj ds lnL; dks ;k vkids fe= dks tSlk vki pkgsa ;g lwpuk nsuh gksxh fd

vki dgka j[ks x, gSaA ;s lHkh ckrsa dkuwu }kjk fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSa rkfd iqfyl }kjk

'kfDr ds nq#i;ksx dks de fd;k tk ldsA ;fn iqfyl bu fu;eksa dk vuqikyu ugha

djrh rks mls vnkyr esa tokc nsuk gksxkA

blds vfrfjDr iqfyl dks ftyk iqfyl fu;a=.k d{k ds ckgj uksfVl cksMZ ij lHkh

fxjQ~rkj O;fDr;ksa dk uke vkSj irk rFkk fxjQ~rkj djus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa dk uke

vkSj inuke Ánf'kZr djuh pkfg,A ÁR;sd jkT; ds iqfyl eq[;ky; ds fu;a=.k d{k esa

vke ukxfjdksa dh tkudkjh ds fy, fxjQ~rkj O;fDr;ksa vkSj muds vijk/kksa dk MkVk

j[kk tkuk pkfg,A

91- esjs fy, fxjQ~rkjh Kkiu dk D;k mi;ksx gS\;g xSj&dkuwuh fxjQ~rkjh ds f[kykQ ,d lqj{kk mik; gSA fxjQ~rkjh Kkiu esa vkidk

uke] fxjQ~rkjh dk le;] fnukad vkSj LFkku] bldk dkj.k vkSj lafnX/k vijk/k dk

mYys[k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blesa iqfyl] nks xokg vkSj vkidk gLrk{kj gksuk pkfg,

rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr gks fd fjdkMZ esa lgh&lgh rF;ksa dks ntZ fd;k x;k gSA ;g

eSftLVªsV dks fn;k tkrk gS vkSj tc eSftLVªsV vkils igyh ckj feyrk gS rc og ;g

tkap djrk gS fd tks dqN Hkh dgk x;k gS og lgh gSA iqfyl dks ,d fujh{k.k Kkiu Hkh

rS;kj djuk gksrk gSA

92- fujh{k.k Kkiu D;k gksrk gS\;g fgjklr esa fy, tkus ds le; ls vkidh okLrfod fLFkfr dk ,d laf{kIr C;kSjk

gksrk gSA ;g mEehn dh tkrh gS fd vkidh lkekU; 'kkjhfjd fLFkfr rFkk cM+s vkSj NksVs

t[eksa dk C;kSjk fjdkMZ fd;k tk,xkA bl C;kSjs ij Hkh vkids rFkk fxjQ~rkj djus okys

vf/kdkjh ds gLrk{kj gksaxs vkSj bldh ,d izfr vkidks nh tk,xhA ijUrq bl eseks vkSj

fxjQ~rkjh eseks ds chp vUrj ;g gS fd vkidks blds fy, vuqjks/k djuk gksxkA vU;Fkk

;g eseks rS;kj ugha fd;k tk,xkA ;g izfØ;k ;g lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd fgjklr esa

O;fDr; dks ihVk ugha x;k gS ;k izrkfM+r ugha fd;k x;k gSA ijUrq pwafd ;g Li"V ugha

gS fd dkSu vkidh tkap djsxk ;fn ftlus vkidks fgjklr esa j[kk gS ogh vkidh tkap

djrk gS rks bl ckr dh mEehn ugha gS fd og vkidks bldh ,d izfr nsxkA rFkkfi

eSftLVªsV ds le{k igyh is'kh ds le; mls vU; lHkh dkxtkrksa ds lkFk vuqeksfnr

MkWDVj dk lfVZfQdsV Hkh izLrqr djuk gksrk gSA vr% ,d MkWDVj vkidh tkap vo';

djsxk vkSj vkidks eSftLVªsV ds le{k is'k djus ls igys vkidh 'kkjhfjd tkap dk ,d

fooj.k vo'; rS;kj djsxkA

34

93- eq>s bu lHkh ckrksa dh tkudkjh dSls gksxh\dkuwu ds vuqlkj fxjQ~rkjh ds le; iqfyl ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd og vkidks

vkids lHkh vf/kdkjksa ds ckjs esa crk,A blds vfrfjDr lHkh iqfyl Fkkus esa lwpuk cksMZ

ij Åij crk, x, ekxZfunsZ'kksa dks iznf'kZr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bUgsa Mh-ds- cklq

ekxZfunsZ'k Hkh dgrs gSa ftUgsa mPpre U;k;ky; ds funs'k ds ckn cuk;k x;k gSA

94- D;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh eq>s fgjklr esa ihV ldrk gS\ugha! og vkidks fgjklr esa u rks ihV ldrk gS] u FkIiM+ ekj ldrk gS vkSj u gh

vkidks /kedh ns ldrk gSA ;g dkuwu ds f[kykQ gS

vkSj iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks bldh ltk nh tk ldrh

gSA

95- D;k iqfyl vf/kdkjh

eq> ij vijk/k Lohdkj

djus ds fy, ncko

Mky ldrk gS\ugha! iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk vf/kdkj

gS fd og vkils iwNrkN djs ijUrq

og vkidks dqN ,slk dgus ds fy,

ncko ugha Mky ldrk ftldh

vkidks tkudkjh u gks ;k ftl ckjs esa vki dqN dguk ugha pkgrs gks ;k fQj og

vkidks ml vijk/k dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, ncko ugha Mky ldrk tks vkius ugha

fd;kA iqfyl vf/kdkjh ds le{k dh xbZ dksbZ Hkh LohdkjksfDr vnkyr esa ekU; ugha

gksrh gSA

96- D;k brus izfrca/kksa ds ckotwn dksbZ Hkh iqfyl vf/kdkjh

nks"kh O;fDr dks fxjQ~rkj djus dk dk;Z dj ldrk gS\lcls igyh ckr ;g iqfyl vf/kdkjh dk dke ugha gS fd og ;g fu.kZ; ns fd dkSu

nks"kh gS vkSj dkSu ughaA iqfyl dk dke flQZ lafnX/k vkSj vkjksih dks idM+uk gSA ijUrq

os ,slk O;ogkj ugha dj ldrs ekuks og O;fDr nks"kh gh gS vkSj mUgsa ml O;fDr dks naM

nsus dk vf/kdkj gSA ;g dke vnkyr dk gSA fgjklr esa fy, x, O;fDr dks >wBs

ekeys esa Qalkus ls cpkus vkSj nqO;Zogkj ls gj rjg dh lqj{kk nh tkuh pkfg, vkSj blh

dkj.k ls ;s izfrca/k yxk, x, gSaA okLro esa] ;s fdlh izdkj ds izfrca/k ugha gSa cfYd oks

izfØ;k gS ftUgsa vnkyr esa izR;sd O;fDr dks fu"i{k lquokbZ dk volj nsus ds fy,

cuk;k x;k gSA

97- D;k vkjksih O;fDr ds fy, ;s vf/kdkj cgqr vf/kd ugha

gS\ ihfM+r O;fDr ds D;k vf/kdkj gSa\vusd yksx ;g lksprs gSa fd dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ihfM+r ij /;ku ugha nsrk gSA ijUrq okLro

esa iwjs jkT; dh 'kfDr ihfM+r ds ihNs gksrh gSA jkT; ihfM+r dh vksj ls gh vijkf/k;ksa dh

ryk'k djrk gSA jkT; ihfM+r dh vksj ls gh U;k;ky; ds le{k is'k gksus ds fy,

35

vfHk;kstd dh fu;qfDr djrh gSA jkT; ihfM+r dh vksj ls gh nks"kh dks ltk nsrh gSA

ijUrq vkjksih vdsyk gksrk gSA gks ldrk gS og nks"kh gh u gksA vr% vdsys O;fDr ftls

Lo;a dk cpko djuk gS] ds f[kykQ jkT; dh 'kfDr;ksa dks larqfyr djus ds fy, fof/k us

lqj{kk mik; cuk, gSa vkSj tks dkuwuh lgk;rk ds fy, leFkZ ugha gS mUgsa fu%'kqYd

fof/kd lgk;rk tSlh lqfo/kk,a nh gSaA

98- D;k eq>s iqfyl ls tekur fey ldrh gS\;g ekeys ij fuHkZj djrk gSA ;fn vki tekurh; vijk/k ds fy, fxjQ~rkj fd, x, gSa

rks vkidks iqfyl ls tekur fey ldrh gSA ;fn vki xSj&tekurh; vijk/k ds fy,

fxj¶rkj gksrs gSa rks dsoy dqN gh vijk/k gSa ftl ij iqfyl Fkkuk dk vf/kdkjh vkidks

tekur ij fjgk dj ldrk gSA

99- D;k ;g tkuuk egRoiw.kZ gS fd *tekurh* vkSj

*xSj&tekurh* vijk/k D;k gksrs gSa\gka! tekurh vijk/k de xaHkhj vijk/k gksrs gSa ftlesa tekur ,d vf/kdkj gksrk gSA

,sls ekeyksa esa vkidks rRdky tekur fey tkrh gSA xSj&tekurh vijk/k xaHkhj

vijk/k gksrs gSa ftlesa tekur fo'ks"k vf/kdkj gksrk gS vkSj ftlesa flQZ vnkyr gh

tekur ns ldrh gS flok; dqN ekeyksa ds ftlesa iqfyl Hkh tekur ns ldrh gSA

100- ;fn eSa fdlh xSj&tekurh vijk/k dk vfHk;qDr gwa rks

D;k eq>s dHkh Hkh tekur ugha feysxh\ugha! ,slk t:jh ugha! vkidks xSj&tekurh vijk/k ds fy, Hkh tekur fey ldrh gSA

vkidks tekur ds fy, vnkyr esa ,d vkosnu nsuk gksrk gSA vnkyr vijk/k dh

xaHkhjrk dks ns[ksxh] og ns[ksxh fd ;fn vkidks tekur ij fjgk fd;k tkrk gS rks dgha

vki Qjkj rks ugha gks tk;saxs ;k vki xokg dks /kedk,saxs rks ugha ;k lcwrksa ds lkFk

NsM+NkM rks ugha djsaxsA ;fn vnkyr ;g eglwl djrh gS fd vki Åij crk;k dksbZ Hkh

dke ugha djsaxs rks og vkidks tekur ns ldrh gSA

101- bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd vc eSa vktkn gwa\ugha! bl nkSjku vkidks eqdn~nes dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxk vkSj vnkyr fu.kZ; ysxh fd

vki nks"kh gSa ;k funksZ"kA

36

iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa ds jSad&cSt+

iqfylegkfuns’kd¼Mh-th-ih-½

iqfylegk fujh{kd ¼vkbZ-th-ih-½

iqfylmi&egkfujh{kd¼Mh-vkbZ-th-½

ofj"B iqfylv/kh{kd

¼,l-,l-ih-½

iqfyl v/kh{kd¼,l-ih-½

iqfyl vij v/kh{kd¼,M-,l-ih-½

37

iqfyl vf/kdkfj;ksa ds jSad&cSt+

lgk;d@mi iqfyl v/kh{kd ¼,-,l-ih-@Mh-,l-ih-½

fujh{kd¼vkbZ-ih-½

mi&fujh{kd¼,l-vkbZ-½

lgk;d mi&fujh{kd¼,-,l-vkbZ-½

gsM dkaLVscy¼,p-lh-½

38

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- ds dk;ZØe bl fo'okl ij vk/kkfjr gSa fd ekuo vf/kdkjksa] okLrfod yksdra= vkSj fodkl dks yksxksa ds thou esa ,d okLrfodrk cukus ds fy,] dkWeuosYFk rFkk blds lnL; ns'kksa esa tokcnsgh vkSj Hkkxhnkjh ds fy, dkQh mPp ekunaM vkSj lfØ; O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg, vkSj blhfy, vius O;kid ekuo vf/kdkj leFkZu dk;ZØe ds vfrfjDr lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- lwpuk rd igqap vkSj U;k; rd igqap dh odkyr djrk gSA bl dk;Z dks ;g 'kks/k] izdk'ku] dk;Z'kkyk] lwpuk izlkj vkSj leFkZu ds ek/;e ls djrk gSA

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- vf/kdkfjd dkWeuosYFk fudk;ksa rFkk lnL; ljdkjksa dks fu;fer tkudkjh iznku djrk gSA lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- le;&le; ij rF; tkap vfHk;ku pykrk gS vkSj o"kZ 1995 esa lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- us ukbZthfj;k] tkfEc;k] fQth }hi lewg vkSj fl,jk fy;ks esa viuk tkap ny Hkstk gSA lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l usVodZ dk Hkh leUo; djrk gS tks ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh odkyr ds fy, vyx&vyx lewgksa dh lkewfgd rkdr dks c<+kus ds fy, mUgsa ,dtqV djrk gSA lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- dh ehfM;k ;wfuV ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djrh gS fd ekuo vf/kdkj ds eqn~nksa ij ukxfjdksa dh psruk cuh jgsA

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- flfoy lekt vkSj ljdkj dks dkjZokbZ ds fy, izsfjr djrk gS] ,d lqn`<+ dkuwu ds leFkZu esa rduhdh fo'ks"kKrk ds dsUnz ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gS rFkk LoLFk ijEijk dks ykxw djus esa lg;ksfx;ksa dh lgk;rk djrk gSA lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- ljdkj vkSj flfoy lekt ds {kerk fuekZ.k rFkk uhfr fuekZrkvksa ds lkFk leFkZu esa LFkkuh; lewgksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk lg;ksx djrk gSA lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa lfØ; gS rFkk blus vHkh gky esa Hkkjr esa ,d jk"Vªh; dkuwu ds fy, ,d lQy vfHk;ku dk leFkZu fd;k gS] vÝhdk esa dkuwu cukus esa leFkZu vkSj tkudkjh iznku dh gS rFkk ;g iz'kkUr {ks= esa dkuwu rd igqap esa :fp c<+kus ds fy, {ks=h; vkSj jk"Vªh; laxBu ds lkFk dk;Z djrk gSA

vusd ns'kksa esa iqfyl dks ukxfjdksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds laj{kd ds ctk, ns'k ds ,d neudkjh ra= ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] QyLo:i vf/kdkjksa dk vR;f/kd mYya?ku gksrk gS vkSj ukxfjdksa dks U;k; ls oafpr gksuk iM+rk gSA lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj dks c<+kok nsrk gS rkfd iqfyl orZeku 'kklu ds ,d ra= ds ctk, fof/k lEer~ dkuwu dks cjdjkj j[kusokyh ,d laLFkk ds :i esa dk;Z djsA Hkkjr esa lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- ds dk;ZØe dk mn~ns'; iqfyl lq/kkj ds fy, tu leFkZu tqVkuk gSA iwohZ vÝhdk vkSj ?kkuk esa lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- iqfyl mRrjnkf;Ro vkSj jktuhfrd gLr{ksi ds eqn~nksa dh tkap dj jgk gSA

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- dk dk;Z ikjEifjd :i ls can dkjkxkj O;oLFkk esa ikjnf'kZrk ykuk vkSj dnkpkj dks mtkxj djuk gSA bldk izeq[k dk;Z ml fof/kd iz.kkyh dh vlQyrk dks mtkxj djuk gS ftlds QyLo:i dkjkxkjksa eas mldh {kerk esa dkQh la[;k esa dSnh j[ks tkrs gSa vkSj eqdneksa ls igys gh mUgsa vuqfpr :i ls yach vof/k rd j[kk tkrk gS rFkk djkokl esa dSfn;ksa dks mudh ltk dh vof/k ls vf/kd vof/k rd j[kk tkrk gS rFkk og bu leL;kvksa ds lek/kku esa Hkh lgk;rk djrk gSA bldk ,d nwljk mn~ns'; dkjkxkj fuxjkuh iz.kkyh] tks iw.kZr;k vlQy jgh gS] dks iqu% 'kq: djuk gSA gesa fo'okl gS fd bu {ks=ksa ij /;ku dsfUnzr djus ls dkjkxkj iz'kklu esa lq/kkj vk,xk vkSj U;k; iz'kklu ij bldk lexz :i ls izHkko iM+sxkA

ekuo vf/kdkj dh odkyr%

lwpuk rd igqap%

U;k; rd igqap%iqfyl lq/kkj%

dkjkxkj lq/kkj%

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- ds dk;ZØedkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo

www.humanrightsinitiative.org

dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo ¼lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ-½ ,d Lora=] fu"i{k] xSj&ljdkjh laxBu gS ftls dkWeuosYFk ds ns'kksa esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dks O;ogkfjd :i ls gkfly djus dk dk;ZHkkj lkSaik x;k gSA o"kZ 1987 esa vusd dkWeuosYFk O;kolkf;d ,lksfl,'kuksa us lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- dh LFkkiuk dhA mudk fo'okl Fkk fd gkykafd dkWeuosYFk us vius lnL; ns'kksa dks oSls ewY; vkSj dkuwuh fl)kar iznku fd;k gS ftlds vk/kkj ij os dk;Z djrs gSa rFkk ,slk eap iznku fd;k gS ftlls os ekuo vf/kdkjksa dks c<+kok nsrs gSa] ijUrq dkWeuosYFk ds vUnj ekuo vf/kdkj ds eqn~nksa ij de /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k x;k gSA

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- dk mn~ns';] dkWeuosYFk gjkjs fl)karksa] ;wfuolZy MsDysjs'ku vkWQ g~;weu jkbV~l rFkk vU; varjkZ"Vªh; ekU;rk izkIr ekuo vf/kdkj ra= vkSj dkWeuosYFk lnL; ns'kksa esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dk leFkZu djus okys ?kjsyw ra=ksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk dks c<+kok nsuk rFkk mldk vuqikyu djuk gSA vius fjiksVksZa vkSj vkof/kd tkap ds ek/;e ls lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ- dkWeuosYFk ns'kksa esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dh izxfr vkSj mlesa ck/kkvksa ds ckjs esa fujUrj /;ku vkdf"kZr djrk gSA

ekuo vf/kdkj ds mYy?a ku dks jkds us dh vo/kkj.kk vkjS mik;ka s ds leFkuZ ea s lh-,p-vkj-vkb-Z dkWeuoYs Fk lfpoky;] lnL; ljdkjka s rFkk flfoy lekt ,lkfs l,'kuka s dk /;ku vkdf"krZ djrk gAS viuh tu f'k{kk dk;ØZ ek]as uhfr lca /a kh okrk]Z ryq ukRed 'kk/s k] leFkuZ vkjS uVs odZ ds ek/;e ls lh-,p-vkj-vkb-Z dk mnn~ 's ; vius ikz Fkfed enq n~ ka s ds fy, ,d mRijsz d ds :i ea s dk;Z djuk gAS lh-,p-vkj-vkb-Z ds ikz ;kts d lxa Buka s dk Lo:i bls ,d jk"Vªh; igpku vkjS vra jk"Z Vªh; uVs odZ inz ku djrk gAS ;s O;kolkf;d lxa Bu vius dk;ka Zs ea s ekuo vf/kdkj ekunMa ka s dks 'kkfey dj lkotZ fud uhfr dk Hkh ekxnZ 'kuZ dj ldrs ga S rFkk ekuo vf/kdkj lpw uk] ekunMa vkjS iFz kk ds ilz kj ea s ,d ek/;e ds :i ea s dk;Z djrs gAS ;s legw LFkkuh; tkudkjh dks Hkh ikz Rs lkfgr djrs g]aS uhfr fuekrZ kvka s rd mudh igpaq g]S enq n~ ka s dks mtkxj djrs ga S vkjS ekuo vf/kdkjka s dks c<k+ ok nus s ea s ,d lg;kts d ds :i ea s dk;Z djrs gAaS

lh-,p-vkj-vkb-Z ] ubZ fnYyh] Hkkjr ea s fLFkr gS rFkk blds yna u] ;-w d-s vkjS vkØk] ?kkuk ea s dk;kyZ ; gAaS

;'kiky ?kbZ - v/;{kA lnL;% ,fylu nDLcjh] otkgr gchcqYykg] usfoy fyaVu] foosd ek:] ,MoMZ eksfVZej] lSe vksdqn~t+srks o~ latks; gt+kfjdkA

otkgr gchcqYykg - v/;{kA lnL;% ch-ds- paæ'ks[kj] fufru nslkbZ] dey dqekj] iwue eqÙkjstk] #ek iky] tSdc iqUuwt+] ,-ih- 'kkg] fouhrk jk;] ektk nk:okyk o~ latks; gt+kfjdk - funs'kdA

lSe vksdqn~ts+rks - v/;{kA lnL;% vdksVks vEiko] ;'kiky ?kbZ] otkgr gchcqYykg] usfoy fyaVu] dksQ+h Dokf'kxkg] twfy,V VqvDyh o~ latks; gt+kfjdk - funs'kdA

lksQ+h fjxus - v/;{kA lnL;% fjpMZ c‚uZ] ehuk{kh /kj] tksvUuk ,VokVZ&tsEl] Ý+kafll gSfjlu] lnkd+r d+knjh] usfoy fyaVu] lS'kh ukFku] dSFkh vks czk;u] jhrk ik;us o~ ekbdy LVksuA

dkWeuosYFk tuZfyLV ,lksfl,'ku] dkWeuosYFk yk;lZ ,slksfl,'ku] dkWeuosYFk yhxy ,tqds'ku ,lksfl,'ku] dkWeuosYFk ikfyZ;kesaVªh ,lksfl,'ku] dkWeuosYFk izsl ;wfu;u vkSj dkWeuosYFk czkWMdkfLVax ,lksfl,s'ku

ISBN: 81-88205-67-2

© dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo] 2009] 2015] esa la'kksf/kr vkSj iqu%izdkf'kr] vDVwcj] 2016 esa eqfnzrA

L=ksr dh leqfpr tkudkjh nsdj bl fjiksVZ ls lkexzh dk mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

varjkZ"Vªh; lykgdkj lfefr %

dk;Zdkjh lfefr ¼Hkkjr½ %

dk;Zdkjh lfefr ¼?kkuk½ %

dk;Zdkjh lfefr ¼;w-ds-½ %

lh- ,p- vkj- vkbZ- eq[;ky;55,] fl)kFkZ pSEclZ] dkyw ljk;] rhljk ekykubZ fnYyh&110016 Vsyh% $91&11&4318&0200] $91&11&4318&0201QSDl% $91&11&2686&4688info@humanrightsinitiative.org

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ-;wukbVsM fdaxMe

28] jlsy LDok;j] yanu WC1B5DS-;w-ds-Vsyh%$44&0&207&862&8857QSDl%$44&0&207&862&8820chri@sas.ac.uk

baLVhV~;wV vkQ dkWeuosYFk LVMht lh- ,p- vkj- vkbZ- vÝhdk] vkØkgkml u0&9] leksjk e’ksyLVªhV vlkbye MkmucsoysZ fgYl gksVy ds lkeusVªLV Vkoj ds utnhd] vkØk] ?kkukVSyh % $233 ¼0½ 302&971170QSDl % $233 ¼0½ 302&244819 chriafrica@humanrightsinitiative.org

;g fjiksVZ ;wjksih; la?k dh foRrh; lgk;rk ls rS;kj dh xbZ gSA ;wjksih; la?k esa 27 lnL; ns’k gSa ftUgksaus viuh izkS|ksfxdh lalk/kuksa vkSj fu;fr dks /khjs&/khjs ,d lkFk tksM+us dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA foxr 50 o"kZ ds nkSjku la?k us lkaL—frd fofo/krk] lgu’khyrk vkSj O;fDrxr Lora=rk cuk, j[krs gq, LFkkf;Ro yksdra= vkSj lrr~ fodkl ds ,d {ks= dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA ;wjksih; la?k viuh miyfC/k;ksa vkSj vius ewY;ksa dks vius lhek {ks= ls ckgj ds jk"Vªksa vkSj ukxfjdksa ds lkFk ckaVus ds fy, izfrc) gSA

bl fjiksVZ dh fo"k;&oLrq dh iwjh ftEesnkjh dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo dh gS vkSj fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa bls ;wjksih; la?k dk fopkj ugha le>k tkuk pkfg,A

Ok;Ldksa ds fy,lh[kus ;ksX;cky iqfLrdk

dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVo55,] fl)kFkZ pSEclZ] dkyw ljk;] rhljk ekyk]

ubZ fnYyh&110016Vsyh% +91(11) 4318 0200, 4318 0201

QSDl% +91(11) 2686 4688

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lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ-dkWeuosYFk g~;weu jkbV~l bfuf'k,fVojk"VªeaMy ns'kksa esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dks O;ogkfjd :i ls gkfly djus ds fy, dk;Zjr

lh-,p-vkj-vkbZ-2016

101 ckrsa tks vki iqfyl ds ckjs esatkuuk pkgrs gSa

ysfdu iwNus ls dkQh ?kcjkrs gSa

;w-,l-vks- gkÅl] 6] Lis'ky baLVhV~;w'kuy ,fj;k] ubZ fnYyh & 110065] HkkjrQksu% $91&11&41688149] $91&11&41688150 QSDl% $91&11&26862042

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