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FM 3-DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

U.S. RIFLECALIBER30, Ml

ADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYMAY 1965

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*FM 22-5

FIE LD MANUAL

No. 23-5 IHEADQUARTERS

DEPARTMENTOFTHEARMYWASHINGTON, D.C., I7 Hu y 1965

U.S. RIFLE, CALIBER .30, MlP-* PWAP TE R 1. IN TR O DU CT IO N ________________ _____ _ ____ ___________________ ____ _____________ I- 4 3

2. ME CH AN IC AL TR AI NI N G_______,____________________________________________ 5-11 53. OP ER ATION AND FU NCTI ONI NG__________ ______ __________________ _______ ___ 12 -15 144. STOP P AGES AND IMMED IATE ACTION ____ __-___________ __________ _____ _____ 16 -19 195. MAI N TE N AN CE _____________________________.________________________________ 20-24 206. AMMUNITION______-__--_____________-_______-_-_______-____________---_____- 25,26 25I . R E F E R E NC E S_ ______ __________________ ____ ___ _____ ___________________________ _____ 26

*This manual supersedesFM 23-5, 26 kphmber 1956, inclu ding Cl, 22 June 1960.

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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

and Scopea. This manual is a guide for commanders anductors in presenting instr uction a nd tr ainingth e mechan ical opera tion of the Ml rifle. Ita deta iled description of t he r ifle an d its

l char acter istics; procedur es for disas sem-; met hods of load ing; an ex-at ion of functioning; a discuss ion of st op-a description of the; and instructions on the care andean ing of both t he weapon an d amm un ition.

b. Mark sma nsh ip tr aining is covered in FMc. U sers of th is man ual a re encoura ged to sub-

e the man ual. Commen ts should be keyed toe specific page, par agra ph, an d line of t he textwhich th e cha nge is recomm ended. Reasonsbe provided for each comm ent t o insu re

Com-s should be forwar ded direct to the Com-nda nt , U.S. Army I nfant ry School, Fort Ben-

Importance of Mechanical TrainingThe rifle is th e soldiers basic weapon. It givesan individual an d powerful capability formba t. To get th e most out of his individual

to a n equal degree: he mu st be able to firergets, and he must know enough about itsth e rifle will not fail him. The soldier gets his

from the mechanical training that is outlined inthis manual.3. Description of the Rifle

The U.S. r ifle caliber .30, Ml, (fig. 1) is anair-cooled, gas-operated, clip-fed, and semiauto-ma tic shoulder weapon. This mean s th at th e aircools the barrel ; that the power to cock the rifleand chamber the succeeding round comes fromthe expanding gas of the round fired previously ;th at it is loaded by inser tin g a met al clip (con-ta ining a maximum of eight r ounds) into the re-ceiver ; and th at the rifle fires one round each t imethe tr igger is pulled.4. General DataWeight :

Complete with sling, eight-round clip and cleaningequipment (appr oximate) _ 11% pound s.

Length :Overall _____________ _____ _ 43inches.

Sighta :Front _____________________ Fixed.Rear _______ _____ ____ ______ Adjustable. One click

of elevation or wind-age movea the strikeof the bullet .7 centi-meters at 26 meters.

Trigger pull :Min imum _________________ 5% pounds.Ma ximum _________________ 7% pound&

Ammunition ___________________ See chapter 6.Muzzle velocity (approximately) _ 853 metera (2,SOO eet )

per second.Chamber pre ssure ______ ___ _____ 50,000 pounds per

square inch.Maximum r ange ________________ 3,200 meter s.Maximum effective r ange______ 460 meter s.Maximum effective r ate of flre *__ 16 to 24 rounds per

minute.Maximum effective range ia the greatest dletance at which aweapon mag be expected to 5re accurately to inflict caeualtiee or

damage.*Althou htrained ri eman can 5re 1f there is no Brescribed mnxlmum rate of fire, ato 24 aimed r ounds per minute.

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Figure 1. U.8. rifle, caliber 3 0 , Ml.

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CHAPTER 2MECHANICAL TRAINING

5. Disassem bly and Assem blya. The individual soldier is authorized to dis-

ass emble his r ifle to t he extent called f&d strip-ping. Table I, Disassembly Aut horizat ion (par a.7)) sh ows th e part s he is perm itt ed to disassem ble.

his amount of disassembly is necessary for nor-b. The rifle should be disassembled and assem -d only when m aint enan ce is required or for in-

Repeated disassembly and

c. The rifle has been designed s o th at it ma y beken apa rt an d put together easily. No force isit is disassembled and assem bled cor-

The pa rt s of one rifle, except t he bolt,bolta should never

d. As th e rifle is disass embled, th e part s sh ould

moval, from left t o right. This makes assem blyeasier because the parts are assembled in the re-verse order of disa ssem bly. The na mes of t.herifle par ts (nomenclat ure) should be ta ught alongwith disassembly and assembly to make futureinstr uction on th e rifle easier to under sta nd.6. Clearing the Rifle

The first step in handling any weapon is toclear it . If th e rifle is loaded, unload it as de-scribed in par agra ph 13. The Ml rifle is clearwhen there is no ammunition in the chamber orreceiver, the bolt is locked to the rear, and thesa fety is engaged. To clear th e rifle, pull th eoperating rod handle all the way to the rear, in-spect the chamber and receiver to insure that norounds are present and push the safety to itslocked position (inside the trigger guard).7. Disassem bly Into the Three Ma in Groups

a. The three main groups are the trigger hous-ing group, the barrel and receiver group, and thest ock group (fig. 2).

Figure 2. The three m&n groupe.

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b. To disassem ble the rifle into the thr ee ma ingroups, first insure t hat t he weapon is clear andth en allow t he bolt t o go forwa rd by depre ssingthe follower with th e right thu mb a nd allowingth e bolt t o ride forwar d over th e followerassembly.

c. Place the rifle butt against the left thigh,sights to the left. With the thu mb an d forefingerof the right ha nd, pull downwar d an d out wardon the rear of the tr igger guard. Swing the tr ig-ger guard out as far as it will go an d lift out th etr igger housin g group (fig. 3).

d. To separa te th e barr el an d receiver from thestock lay the weapon on a flat surface with thesights up, muzzle to the left. With the left ha nd,grasp the rea r of the receiver and r aise the rifle.With the right h and, give a downwar d blow,gra sping th e sma ll of th e stock. This will sep-ar at e the stock group from the barr el an d receivergroup.8. Disassem bly of the Barrel and Rec eiver

Groupa. Place th e barr el an d receiver group, with the

bolt closed, on a flat sur face with th e sights down(insuring tha t the apert ur e is at its lowest posi-tion), mu zzle point ing to th e left. Holding th erear of the receiver with the right ha nd, gra sp thefollower rod with th e th um b an d forefinger ofth e left h an d a nd disengage it from t he followerar m by moving it towar d th e mu zzle (fig. 4).

Remove t he follower rod an d operat ing rod spr ingby withdrawing them to the right. Do not sep-arate these parts.

b. Using the tip of a dumm y cartr idge, removeth e follower ar m pin by push ing it from th e farside of th e receiver towar d th e body (fig. 5).

Figure 9. Removing the trigger housing group.

Table I. Disassembly AuthorizationOroups a n d p a r t s Ind iv idua l so ld ie r ArUlOre r Ma in tena ncepe r sonne l on ly

SEPARATION :INTO THREE MAIN GROU PS___----___-_______-__- X___._____.___DISASSEMBLY:BARREL AND RECE IVER GROU P ______ ______ _____ X_ __________ __

Bolt as sem bly____________________._________________ Rem ove_-----__ Rep ai r_________ Repa ir /Repla ce.Gas cylin der ________-_____-_______-____-_______--___ Rem ove__----__ Repa ir ___._____ Repa ir /Repla ce.Gas cylind er lock___-____--______--_________________ Rem ove___-____ Rem ove________ Repa ir /Repla ce.Clip la tch______________________--_-___--___________ ________________ Repa ir _______-_ Repa ir /Repla ce.Rea r sigh t_______-_____-_____________________-_____ ________________ Repa ir____.____ Repair /Repla ce.Slide from follower ____________.--_____-_-_____-_-__.. ________________ ________________ Repa ir /Repla ce.Accelera tor from opera tin g rod catch ass embly--__--__-_ ________________ ________________ Repa ir/Repla ce.Fr ont sigh t__ ________________________--__________ ________________ ________________ Repa ir /Repla ce.

TRIGGE R HOUS ING GROUP ________.________-_____ Rem ove________ Repa ir_________ Repa ir/Repla ce.

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Figure 4. Removing the follower rod and operating rodspring.

Figure 5. Removing the follower ~7n Pin.c. With the left hand, grasp the bullet guide,

follower arm, and the operating rod catch assem-bly, and lift them out of the receiver together(fig. 6). Separa te and ar ran ge th ese par ts fromleft to right in t he following order : follower arm,operating rod catch assembly, and bullet guide.

d. Reach down into the receiver an d lift out t hefollower assembly.e. Turn the barrel and receiver group over soth at the sight s are up, muzzle pointing away fromyou. With th e left han d, ra ise th e rear of thereceiver. With th e right h and, pull th e operat ing

rod to the rear until the rear of the handle is di-rectly under the forward edge of the windageknob. With an upwar d and out ward movement,disengage t he guide lug of th e operat ing rodthrough its dismount notch on the receiver. Re-move th e opera t ing rod (fig. 7).

Figure 6. Removing the Bullet guide, follower arm, andoperating rod catch assembly.

Figure 7. Removing the operating rod.

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Caution: The operat ing rod is bent inten-tionally so that it will not bind against theenlarged portion of the barr el. Do not attemptto straighten it.

f. With the right hand, grasp the bolt by theoperating lug and slide it fully to the rear; thenslide it forwar d, lifting upward and outwa rd t othe right front with a slight r ota ting m otion toremove it.g. Using th e screwdriver blade of t he Ml0cleaning rod handle as shown in figure 8, unscrewand remove the gas cylinder lock screw.h. Unscrew and remove the gas cylinder lock.Loosen the gas cylinder by tapping lightly towardthe muzzle on the bayonet stud with a piece ofwood or sim ilar soft object (fig. 9). Rem ove thegas cylinder, taking care not to burr or damageth e splines. Do not remoue or att empt to adjustthe front sight.i. Remove the front ha ndgua rd by sliding itforward over the muzzle. Do not att empt to re-mov e the rear ha&guard.

j. The parts of the barrel and receiver groupin their order of disassembly are shown in figure10.9. Assem bly of the Barrel and Rec eiver

Groupa. Replace the front handguard by sliding it

over the muzzle and insure that it is seated in thefront band.b. Place the gas cylinder over the barrel, mak-ing sure the splines are alined with their grooves.Push the gas cylinder down as far as it will go.If ta pping is necessar y, use a piece of wood on t hebayonet stu d. Engage the thr eads of the gascylinder lock with those on the barrel and screwthe lock on by hand until it is finger tight (do notuse a tool). If th e lock is not alined with th e gascylinder, do not force it, but unscrew it until it isalined. Replace and tight en the gas cylinder lockscrew with t he han dle assem bly of t he Ml0 clean -ing rod.c. To replace the bolt, hold it by the operatinglug and place the rear end of the bolt onto thebridge of the receiver. Rotate the bolt counter-clockwise as far as necessary to permit the tangof the firing pin to clear the top of the bridge ofthe receiver. Guide the left locking lug of thebolt into its groove on th e left side of th e receiver.

Lower th e righk locking lug on its bear ing sur -face a nd slide the bolt h alfway to the rear .

d. To replace the operating rod, hold the han-dle with the right hand and place the piston endint o th e gas cylinder. Aline t he operat ing rodso tha t t he recess in th e hum p fits over the operat -ing lug of the bolt. While applying pres sur edownward and inward on the handle, pull the op-erating rod to the rear until the guide lug is en-gaged in its groove (fig. 11). Move th e opera tin grod forwar d un til the bolt is closed.

e. Turn the ,bar rel and receiver group over sothat the sights are down and the muzzle is to theleft. Replace th e follower as sembly so th at itsguide ribs fit into their grooves in the receiver.Mak e sur e th at th e slide of t he follower is downand that the square hole is to the rear (fig. 12).The slide will rest against t he bolt.

f. Replace th e bullet bide so th at its shoulder sfit into their slots in the receiver and the hole inthe toe of the bullet guide is alined with the holesin the receiver (fig. 13).

g. With the right hand, lift up the lower partof th e bullet guide slight ly. With t he left han d,insert the rear arm of the operating rod catch as-sembly t hr ough &he clear an ce cut in t he side ofthe bullet guide. Make sure that th e rear arm isunderneath the front stud of the clip latch whichpr ojects int o th e receiver (fig. 14). Lower th ebullet guide int o place. Test for corr ect ass emblyby pressin g down on the front ar ms of t he opera %-ing rod cat ch assem bly. It sh ould move an d youshould be able to feel the tension of the clip latchspring.

h. Repla ce th e follower ar m by pas sing its rea rstu ds thr ough the bullet guide and inserting th emint o th e guide grooves on th e follower (fig. 15).Allow th e wings of the follower ar m to res t ast rideth e toe of th e bullet guide. Aline t he holes in th eoperating rod catch assembly, follower arm, andbullet guide with those in the receiver and replacethe follower ar m pin from the near side.

i. Inser t th e loose end of th e opera ting rodspr ing int o th e operat ing rod. Gra sp th e followerrod with th e left hand, making sur e tha t i ts humpis towar d t he barr el. Pu ll towar d the mu zzle,compressing the operating rod spring, and engageth e claws of th e follower rod with th e front stu dsof th e follower ar m (fig. 16). You ma y ha ve tora ise th e follower assem bly to do this,

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Figure 8. Remodlcg the gaa c@hder lock acrew.

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10. Assem bly of the Three Main Groupsa. Place the barrel and receiver group on aflat surface, sights down. Pick up the stock group

. * i,*i:~, 2: tr, v.m 1) ?., I . *\p- Q *%

Figure 9. Removing the gas cylinder.

an d engage t he U -shaped flan ge of th e stock fer-ru le in the lower band, th en lower the st ock grouponto the bar rel an d receiver group (fig. 17).

6. Unlat ch and open the tr igger guar d. Keep-ing th e base of t he tr igger housing group level,place it straight down into the receiver, makingsur e th at t he locking lugs on the tr igger guardent er their recesses in th e receiver (fig. 18).Place the butt of the rifle on the left thigh withthe sights to the left. Close the trigger guardand latch it by striking it with the heel of theright hand. The tr igger guard is latched whilethe rifle is in this position so that the rear sightwill not be damaged.11. Test for Correc t Assem bly

Ea ch time t he rifle is disassem bled and a ssem-bled it should be tested to ma ke sure tha t it is puttogether properly. To do this, pull the operatingrod to its rea rm ost position. The bolt shouldsta y open. Close the bolt a nd snap the safety toits locked position. Squeeze the tr igger. Theha mm er should not fall. Pu sh the safety to itsun locked position an d squeeze th e tr igger. Theha mm er should fall. This test is ma de to checkthe operation of the safety.

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OPERATING ROD

OPERATING RODSPRING

UPPERHANDGUARD

GAS - / CYLINDER

I

IFOLLOWERLOCK ARMSCREW

CYLINDER/GA S

CYLINDERLOCK

I IFdLLOWERFOLLOWER ARM ASSEMBLYPIN OPERATINGROD CATCH&

-ASSEMBLY

Figure 10. Parts of the barrel amd receiver group L the order of di8a88mb.@.

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Figure 13. ReQtadng the bullet guide.

Figure 11. RepZucimg the operatdng rod.

F&we 14. RepZacZng the operating rod catch aasembZg.

Figure la. RepZtadw the foZZoww wsmbZ%

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c d

Figure 17. Replacing the stock cm the bawel andreceiver group.

Figure 18. Replacing the trigger houeing group.

Figure 16. Replacing the follower rod and operating rod8P99W

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CHAPTER 3OPERATION AND FUNCTIONING

12. loading th e Rif lea. Singl e mum?. To load a single round, pullthe operat ing rod all the way to the rear. Whileholding the muzzle below the horizontal, place a

round in the chamber and seat i t with the thumb.With a knife edge of the right hand against theopera ting r od ha ndle, force t he opera ting rodslightly to the rear. Push down on the followerassembly with the right thumb and allow the boltto ride forward. Remove the thumb from the fol-lower a ssembly and release the opera ting rod han -dle, allowing the operating rod to go all the wayforward.

6. Fu J 2 clip. To load a full clip, hold the rifleat the balance with the left hand and pull the op-erating rod handle all the way to the rear. Placethe butt of the rifle against the thigh or on theground. With th e right ha nd, place a full clipon top of the follower assembly. Place the thum bon the center of the top round in the clip andpress the clip straight down into the receiver un-til it catches (fig. 19). Swing t he right han d upand to the right to clear the bolt in its forwardmovement. Note that the operat ing rod is not heldto the r ear dur ing loading since there is no dangerof it going forwa rd as long a s pres sur e is ma in-

Ftgure 19. Loading a run clip.14

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tained on the top round in th e clip. It m ay benec essary to str ike forwar d on the operat ing rodha ndle with the heel of th e right ha nd to fullyclose and lock the bolt.

c. Pa&fatty fdkd clip. To load a partiallyfilled clip, hold th e rifle in th e sam e ma nn er pre-scribed for a full clip. With th e operat ing r odall the way to the rear, place an empty clip intothe receiver. Place the first round into the clipan d on th e follower , to th e left of th e followerslide. Press the second round into the clip, ex-erting a downward, turning motion until theround snaps into place. Load th e rema iningrounds in th e sam e man ner (fig. 20). With th eknife edge of t he right han d against th e operat ingrod handle force the operating rod slightly to therear . Push down on the top round with the rightthu mb, allowing th e bolt t o sta rt th e top r oundforwar d. Remove th e right hand and allow th eoperating rod to go forward.13. Unload ing the Ri f le

a. To unload a round from the chamber, sup-port the rifle butt on the thigh or on the ground ;with the right hand grasp the operating rod han-dle and pull the operating rod slowly to the rear.At th e sam e time, place th e left han d, palm down,over th e receiver to catch t he round as it is ejected(fig. 21). This keeps the roun d from falling intothe dirt or away from your position.

b. To unload a filled or partially filled clip, un-load t he round th at is in the cham ber as describedin a above. When th e operat ing rod reaches itsrearmost position, hold it th ere. Place the palmof th e left han d over th e receiver an d depress theclip latch with the left thumb, allowing the clipto be ejecte d up int o th e ha nd (fig. 22). Do notrelax the rearwar d pr essure on the operat ing r odhandle until after the clip has been removed.14. load ing Rounds In to a Cl ip

a. Insert eight rounds into the clip, holding theclip a nd r ounds in th e man ner shown in figure 23.Star t placing th e roun ds in from the lower left ofthe clip and make sure that each round is againstthe rear wall so that the inner rib of the clip en-gages th e extra cting groove of each roun d. Thetop round will then be on the right, making theclip easier for a right han ded firer to load in therifle. For th e sam e rea son, clips ar e loaded t hisway at arsenals.

6. Each time rounds are loaded into a clip, theclip should be checked for long roun ds. If oneround extends beyond the others, it will be hardto load t he clip int o th e rifle. The long roun dshould be seated by rem oving th e top round, pu sh-ing the long round into place and then replacingthe top round. Tapping th e bullet against asolid sur face to seat th e long round may resu ltin the bullet being pushed back into its cartridgecase. This may damage the bullet or break the

Figure 20. Loading a partially flUed dip.

Figure 81. Unloading a round lrom the chamber.

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Figure W. Loading rounda i&o a clip.bullet seal which could result in changes in theballistic performance of the round.15. Funct i on ing o f . the Ri f le

a. The tr igger mu st be pulled t o fire each round.When the last round is fired, the empty clip isautomatically ejected and the bolt remains to therear.

6. Each time a round is loaded and fired, manypar ts inside the rifle work in a given order. Thisis known as the cycle of operation. This cycle16

is similar in a ll small ar ms. A knowledge of whathappens inside the rifle during this cycle of oper-ation will help the soldier understand the causeof and remedy for various stoppages.c. The cycle of operation is broken down intoeight steps. These st eps ar e listed below, togetherwith a brief description of what actually occursinside th e rifle during each step. Assume tha t afull or partially filled clip has been loaded intothe rifle and that the first round has been firedan d th e bolt is in its rea rm ost position (fig. 24).(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Feeding. Feeding ta kes pla ce. when around is moved into the path of the bolt.This is done by the follower assemblyexerting an upwar d pressur e on th e bot-tom round in the clip. The follower as-sembly is continu ously forced up by th epressur e of th e operat ing r od springthrough the follower rod and followerarm (fig. 24).Cha rn bering. Cha mber &g occur s whena round is moved into the chamber. Thista kes place as th e bolt goes forwar d un-der pressur e of th e expanding operat ingrod spr ing, picking up the top roun d inthe clip and driving it forward into thecham ber (fig. 25). Cha mber ing is com-plete when the extractor snaps into theextracting groove on the cartridge casean d th e ejector is forced int o th e face ofthe bolt.Loci&g. Lockin g is comp lete when th ebolt is fully closed. This pr events th eloss of gas pressure until the bullet hasleft th e mu zzle. The bolt is locked by th erear camm ing su rface in th e recess in thehu mp of t he operat ing rod, forcing th eoperating lug of the bolt down. This en-gages the locking lugs on the bolt withth eir r ecesses in t he r eceiver (fig. 26).IG=&ng. Fir ing occurs when th e firingpin strikes the primer. As th e tr iggeris pulled th e tr igger lugs ar e disengagedfrom the hammer h ooks and t he hammeris r eleased. The hammer moves forwardunder the pressure of the hamm er springand st rikes the tan g of the firing pm , driv-ing the firing pin against the primer andfiring the round (fig. 27).Unlocking. Unlocking occurs after thefirin g of the roun d. As th e bullet isforced through the barrel by the expand-

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ing gas, a sma ll portion of th e gas escapesth rough t he gas port into the gas cylinder,forcing th e opera ting rod t o th e rea r (fig.28). The camming surface inside the re-cess in the hum p of th e opera ting rodforces the operating lug of the bolt up-ward, disengaging the locking lugs fromtheir IXXAXXWn the receiver. The bolt is

(3)thus unlocked and ready to be moved tothe rear (fig. 29).E&ra oting. Extr acting is pulling th eempty cartridge case from the chamber.The extr actor, which is engaged with t heextra cting groove on the cart ridge case,withdraws the empty case as the boltmoves to the rear (fig. 30).

Figure 84. Po84Non of part8 when the bolt 48 tn it8 rearmost position.

Figure 85. Chamber&g.

Figure 26. Loclcing.

Figure 87. Firing.

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GAS CYLINDER-GAS PORT J

Figure 28. Action of the gae.Figure 89. Unlocking.

EXTRACTORNCAGEDNEXTRACTORROOVENEMPTYARTFWXE CASEBOLT

7 /EMPTY CARTRIDGE CASE

(7)

(8)

Figure JO.Ejecting. Ejecting is th rowing th eempt y case from th e rifle. As th e boltmoves to th e rear , withdra wing th e casefrom the chamber, the round is held inplace by th e cha mber walls. When t hemouth of th e empty case clears th e cha m-ber, it is ejected up and to the right byth e expand ing ejector spr ing an d ejector.Cocking. Cocking occurs when th e ha m-

Extracting.mer is forced into the proper position forfiring the next round. This happens asth e bolt cont inues to th e rear . The rearend of the bolt forces the hammer backand r ides over it. The ham mer is caughtby the sear if the trigger is still held tothe rear, but it is caught by the triggerlugs if tr igger pressu re ha s been released(fig. 31).

m MPTY CARTRIDGE CASEMOUTH OF EMPTYCARTRIDGE CASE

HAMMER HOOKS

CHAMBER WALLS\ L HAMMER L EJECTOR

TRIGGER LUGS

Figure 31. Ejecting and cocking.1 8

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CHAPTER 4STOPPAGES AND IMMEDIATE ACTION

16. Stoppagesa. A stoppage is any unintentional interruption

in the cycle of operation.b. Most stoppages occur becau se of dirt y, worn ,or broken par ts, an d lack of lubr icat ion. The

rifleman must be taught to watch for th ese de-fects and take corrective action to eliminate thembefore th ey cau se a stoppage. Some of th e morecomm on stoppages, with th eir usu al cau ses andrem edies, ar e shown in ta ble II (para 19). Notethat the stoppages are classified according to thest eps of t he cycle of opera tion.17. Im m e d iate Ac t i o n

a. Imm ediate action 2 the prompt action tak enby t he firer to reduce a stoppage. To apply im-mediats action, pull the operating rod handle allthe way to the rear with the right hand, paZmup, then release it. The right han d should be heldin the manner shown in figure 32 so it will not beinjured in the event of a hangfire. Next, aim therifle and try to fire it.

b. If a rifleman is tau ght t o apply imm ediateaction quickly a nd p roperly when his rifle fails tofire, he will be able to reduce most stoppages(table II).18. Mis f i re , Hangf i re , and Cookof f

a. Ha ng&es an d misfires ra rely occur. Nor-mally, the firer will instinctively apply immediateaction which in most instances reduces the stop-page even when caused by a hangfire or misfire.

b. Misfires are caused by one of three factors-th e firer , th e weapon ma lfun ctioning (due t o ex-cessive dirt , etc.), or faulty am mu nition. Whenthere has been an excessive number of misfires

caused by faulty ammunition, the lot numbershould be reported to ammunition supply person-nel for inspection and determination of disposi-tion.19. Mal funct ions

A malfunction is a failure of the weapon tooperate satisfactorily. Some of the common mal-functions are discussed below.

a. The clip m ay jump out on the seventh round.This is usu ally cau sed by a bent follower ar m orbullet guide and can be corrected by replacingthem.

b. The rifle ma y fire in bu rs ts of t wo or th reerounds. This is due to the sear being br oken,

Figure 52. Applying immediate a&on.

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worn, or remaining in an open position. It can d. Operating parts which fail to move fully tobe corrected by replacing the trigger assembly. the rear (short recoil) are caused by-c. The safety may release when pressure is ap- (1) Valve leak in gas cylinder lock screw.plied to the trigger. This can be caused by -abroken safety or by the trigger stop on the safetybeing worn. It can be corrected by replacing thesafety.

(2)(3)(Valve not fullySeated.)Defective operating rod spring.Undersized piston. (Caused by the useof abrasives when cleaning the piston.)

Table II. Stop pages, Their Cause8 and Rem ediesBtoppagea

Failure to feed___________

Failure to chamber-___-__

Failure to lock___________

Failure to fire____________

Failure to unlock_________

Failure to extract_________

Failure to eject______--_-_Failure to cock_________-_

C!W&l I RemedyLack of lubrication of operating parta_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Defective or worn parts______,_______________Shortrecoil_________________________________Lack of lubrication of operating parts__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Dirty chamber-____________________________-Defective ammunition____________________-__Lack of lubrication of operating parta__________Dirty chamber_____________________________-Dirty locking recesses___________________..____Weak operating rod spring____________________Defective ammunition_______________________Defective firing pin__________________________Defective trigger housing group_____-_________D i r t y chamber______________________________Lack of lubrication of operating par&_________Insuflicientgas______________________________D i r t y chamber______________________________Dirty ammunition___________________________Broken extractor________________________-___Broken ejector or spring______________________Short recoil_________________________________Defective trigger housing group_______________Short recoil_________________________________

Clean and lubricate parts (fig. 33).Replace parts.See paragraph 19d.Clean and lubricate parts.Clean chamber.Replace ammunition.Clean and lubricate parts.Clean chamber.Clean receasea.Replace spring.Replace ammunition.Replace firing pin.Repair trigger housing group.Clean chamber.Clean and lubricate parts.Tighten gas cylinder lock screw.Clean or replace worn parts.Clean chamber.Replace ammunition.Replace extractor.Replace ejector or spring.See paragraph 19d.Repair trigger housing group.See paragraph 19d.

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CHAPTER 5MAINTENANCE

20. GeneralMainten an ce includes all measu res ta ken to keep

th e rifle in operat ing condition. This includesnorm al clean ing, insp ection for defective par ts , re-pair, and lubrication.21. Cleaning Mater ia ls , lubr ic ants, andEquipment

a. Cleanina YatemX .9.(1)

(2)

(3)(4)

BOG cleaner (cleaning compound solvent(CR) ) is used pr ima rily for cleanin g th ebore; however, it ma y be used on a ll met alpar ts for a tem porar y (l-day) pr otectionfrom rust.Hot, soapy wat er or boiling water is nosubst itut e for bore cleaner and wiZZonlybe ua ea?w&n bore cleaner

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M3 CLEANING ROD

CHAMBERBRUSH

OILER & TH O N G

CLEANINGRODCASE Ml0 CLEANIN G ROD

Figure 34. Cleawing equipment.

GREASE CONTAINER FABRIC CASE (HOLDS:ROD CLEANING. JOIN TED.W/SPACER. M-ID) SPACER

AD (FOR M-lPATCH.FOLDEDTOSERVEASSPACER OR FILLER (L To DEADEN SOUND

OILER AND THON G (W/O T HONG)\HANDLE (OF ~-10 CLEANING ROD)

LEANING PATCHES INSERTED TO FILL IN SPACE. WITH CARETO PACK A MINIMUM NUMBER T O KEEP BUTT PLATE CAP CLOSED

ECTIONS OFCLEANlh IG ROD

Figure 35. Stowage oj acce88ordee ht butt stock oj Ml and MlC r4fle.s

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am mu nition now manu factured ha s a noncorr o-sive primer which makes cleaning easier, but noless importan t. The primer still leaves a depositth at m ay collect m oistur e and pr omote ru st if it isnot removed. The cleanin g described below willrem ove all deposits except m eta l fouling which isrelatively uncommon and is removed by mainte-nan ce personnel.

(1) Cha n&r . Remove the pat ch holderfrom the cleaning rod and insert twopat ches about halfway th rough th e slot.Dip the patches in bore cleaner, thenwrin g or s queeze th e excess fluid fromthe patches. Screw th e Ml0 clean ing rodtogeth er (less th e pat ch holder) and in-sert it all the way into the bore. Flarethe patches out, then insert the patchholder with the wet patches into thecham ber. Push th e thr eaded end intothe chamber until it touches the cleaningrod. Hold it th ere with one han d andscrew the cleaning rod and the patchholder together. Pull the patches to thecham ber; at the same time tur ning t herod clockwise. Turn the rod severaltimes, wiping th e cha mber th oroughly.After th e cha mber h as been th oroughlycleaned use th e cha mber brush in th e fol-lowing manner :(4

(6)(cl(4

Screw a section of t he Ml0 clean ingrod into a threaded hole of the driverratchet.Place the brush into chamber of thebarrel.Allow th e r ifle bolt t o close slowlyagainst the end of the driver ratchet.Using the rod section as a handle, ro-ta te th e driver clockwise and coun ter-clockwise to loosen and clean residuefrom th e cha mber.

(2) Bore. To clean the bore saturate thebore brush with cleaning compound sol-vent (rifle bore cleaner) and-

(4(b)

Insert the bore brush into the cham-ber. Inser t the cleaning rod into th ebore and screw the brush onto the rod.Pull the brush through the bore. Re-move the brush and repeat the pro-cedure as often as required to cleanth e bore.

(c) Then u se one cleanin g pat ch da mpen edwith bore cleaner in the followingmanner :

(3)

(4)

(5)(6)

(7)

(8)

1. Place the patch in the patch holderand insert i t into the chamber.S. In sert th e cleaning r od (less th e pat ch

holder) int o th e bore an d screw itonto the patch holder.3. Pu ll th e clean ing r od through th e

bore. Repeat this procedur e usingas many patches as required untilthe patches come through the boreclean.

Gm cylinder lock xrew with vaZ ve aa-mnb&y. Remove carbon deposits by us-ing bore cleaner, then wipe the part andoil it lightly (do not use abr asives).Check the valve to see that it is not heldopen by particles of dirt or sand.Piston of operating rod. Remove carbonfrom th e piston with bore cleaner. Takecar e not to dama ge th e piston. Oil itlight ly a fter cleanin g (do not use abr a-sives) .Gas cylinder. Clean the gas cylinderwith bore cleaner and patches.Face of the bolt. Clean the face of thebolt with a patch and bore cleaner, pay-ing particular attention to its insideedges. Remove th e bore clean er with dr ypatches and oil the part lightly.AU other parts. Use a dry cloth to re-move all dirt or sand from other partsand exterior sur faces. Apply a light coatof oil to the metal parts and rub rawlinseed oi2 into the wooden pa rt s. Caremu st be taken t o prevent linseed oil fromgetting on m etal part s.Cleaning frequency. The rifle must beth oroughly cleaned no later tha n theevening of the day it is fired. For threeconsecutive days therafter check for evi-dence of fouling by ru nn ing a clean pat chth rough th e bore an d inspecting it. Th ebore should be lightly oiled after eachinspection.

23. Normal Maintenancea. When in use, th e rifle should be insp ected

daily for evidence of rust and general appearance.A light coat of oil (PL Special) sh ould be ma in-tained on all metal parts.

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(1)

(2)

b. The daily inspection should also reveal anydefects such as burred, worn, or cracked parts.Defecta should be reported to the armorer forcorrectionc. A muzzle plug should never be used on therifle. It causes moistu re to collect in t he bore,which cau ses bore ru st th at is a safety h azard.o?. Obtaining th e proper rear sight tension isextremely important ; without it the sight willnot hold its adjustm ent in elevation. During nor-ma l maintena nce and prior to firing, the rear sightmu st be checked for correct sight tens ion. Theindications of improper sight tension are: eleva-tion knob extremely difficult to turn, and eleva-tion knob turns freelv without an audible click.If th e elevat ion kn ob is extr emely dif-

ficult to turn, the soldier must rotate the&age kn ob nu t (with th e screw-dr iverportion of t he Ml0 cleaning rod han dle)coun ter &xkwise blue c2ick at a time.After each click an at tempt sh ould bema de to tur n the elevation knob. Repeatthis process until the elevation knob canbe tur ned without extreme difficulty.In the event the elevation knob is ex-tremely loose and the rear sight aperturewill not raise, the &&age knob nut mustbe turned in a clockzlrise direction, one

click at a time, until the aperture can beraised.(3) To check for pr oper t ension th e proce-dur es listed below sh ould be followed:

(a) Raise the apert ur e to its full h eight.(5) Lower th e aper tu re two clicks.(0) Grasp th e rifle with th e fingers aroundth e sm all of th e st ock (fig. 36) an d ex-

ert downward pressure on th e apertu rewith the thum b of the same hand.

(4) If t he apert ur e drops, sight ten sion mu stbe adjusted. To do this th e windageknob nut must be turned in a clockwisedirection one click at a t ime until the aper-tu re can n o longer be pus hed down (fig.36). If t he pr oper ten sion can not be ob-tained, the rifle must be turned in to theunit armorer.

24. Special Maintenancea. Before firin g th e rifle, th e bore a nd th e cha m-

ber should be cleaned and dried. A light coat ofoil should be placed on all other metal parts ex-cept t hose which come in cont act with am mu nition.b. Before firin g, rifle greas e should be appliedto the parts indicated in figure 33. A smallamount of grease is taken up on t he stem of thegrease container cap and is applied at each place.Rifle grease is not used in extremely cold tempera -

Fi gure 36. Proper u t gh t t endon .24

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tures or when the rifle is exposed to extremes ofsand and dust .c. In cold climates (temperatures below freez-ing) th e rifle mu st be kept free of m oistur e andexcess oil. Moist ur e and excess oil on th e workingpar ts cause th em to opera te sluggishly or fail com-pletely. The rifle mu st be disassembled and wipedwith a clean, dry cloth. Dryclean ing solvent ma ybe used if necessar y to r emove oil or greas e. Pa r t sth at sh ow signs of wear may be wiped with a patchlightly dampened with lubricating oil (LAW).It is best to keep the rifle as close as possible tooutside temperatures at all t imes to prevent thecollection of moisture which occurs when coldmetal comes in contact with warm air. When therifle is brought into a war m r oom, it should not becleaned until i t has reached room temperature.

d. In hot, humid climates or if exposed to saltwater or salt-water atmosphere, the rifle must be

inspected thoroughly each day for signs of mois-tu re an d ru st. It sh ould be kept light ly oiled withspecial pr eserva tive lubr icat ing oil. Raw linseedoil should be applied frequently to the woodenparts to prevent swelling.

e. In hot, dry climat es th e rifle mu st be cleaneddaily or m ore often to remove san d and/or dustfrom th e bore and working pa rt s. In sandy ar eas,th e rifle should be kept dry. The mu zzle and re-ceiver sh ould be kept covered du ring san d and duststorms. Wooden par ts mus t be kept oiled withraw lha eed oil to preven t drying. The rifle sh ouldbe lightly oiled when sandy or dusty conditionsdecrease.

f. Special ins tr uctions on car ing for th e riflewhen it is su bject t o nuclear, biological, or chem-ical contamination can be found in TM 3-220 andFM 2140.

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CHAPTER 6AMMUNITION

25. GeneralThe Ml rifle fires several types of am mu nit ion.

The r ifleman should be able to r ecognize t hem an dknow which type is best for certain targets.26. Description

The types of ammunition are identified by theirindividual markings.

a. BaU, J f$. This car tr idge is used againstpersonnel and un arm ored t ar gets, and can be iden-tified by its unpaint ed bullet.

b. Armor Piercing, Jig. This cart ridge is usedagainst lightly armored vehicles, protective shel-ters, and personnel, and can be identified by itsblack bullet tip.c. Armor Piercing Incendiary, Ml4. This car-tridge is used, in place of the armor piercinground, against flamma ble ta rgets. The tip of th ebullet is colored with aluminum paint.

d. Incendiery, iK1. This cart ridge is usedagainst un arm ored, flamma ble ta rgets. The tipof th e bullet is paint ed blue.

e. Tracers an d M&X These car tr idges are foruse in observing fire, signaling, ta rget designat ion,an d incendia ry pu rp oses. The tips of th e bulletsar e painted red for th e Ml and orange for th eM25.

f. Blank, iIflDO8. This cartridge is used tosimu lat e rifle fire. The car tr idge is ident ifiedby having no bullet, and by a cannelure in theneck of t he case which is sealed by r ed lacquer.

g. R+Ie Grenade Cartridge, M3. This cart-ridge is used with the grenade launcher to propelgrenades. The car tr idge has no bullet and themouth is crimped.

h. Dummy, iK40. This cartridge is used formar ksma nsh ip tr aining. The car tr idge case hassix longitudinal corrugations and the primer hasbeen removed.

i. Match, iK72. This cartridge, used in marks-manship competition firing, can be identified byth e word MATCH on th e head stam p.

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APPENDIX IREFERENCES

FM 21-5 Milita ry Tra ining.FM 21-6 Techn ique of Militar y Ins tr uction.FM 21-40 Sm all Un it Pr ocedures in Chem ical, Biological, an d Radiological (CBR) Oper at ions.FM 23-71 Rifle Marksmanship.TM 3-220 Ch emical, Biological, an d Radiological (CBR) Decont amin a tion.TM 9-1900 Ammunition, General.DA Pam 108-l Index of Army Motion Pictures, Filmstrips, Slides, and Phono-Recordings.

By Ord er of the Secreta ry of th e Army:

Official :J. C. LAMBERT,iliajor General, United States Army,Th e Adjutan t General.

HAROLD K. J OHNSON,General, United States Army,Chief of Sta#.

Distribution :Active Awnu:

DOSPER (2) USAIB (5) Bde (3)ACSI (2) USCONARC (5) Regt/Gp/Bg ( 1)DosMHf (2) USACJDC (5) 00 (2)ACSFOR (2) USAMC (5) Bn (2)CORC (2) OS Maj Comd (5) Co/Btry (1)CNGB (5) LOG-COMD (1) USATC (5)CRD (1) Armies (5) Br Svc Sch (1) exceptWA (1) corps (3) USAOCXS (3)CINFO (1) Div (10)TIG (1) Div Arty (1)

NG: State AG (3) ; Uni &+-same aa Active Army except allowance is two (2) copies to each unit.UBAR: Units-same as Active Army except allowance is one copy to each unit.For explanation of abbr eviations used, see AR 320-50.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Goverument Pr inting OfflceW ashington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents