fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; - doa.gov.lk · fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; tptrha mikr;R> tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; xU...

fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;

tptrha mikr;R>

tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; xU gpuRuk;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04

Rod;Wk; Vh;g; gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy;

coe;Jk; coNt jiy

fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fj;jpd; jpiuf;Fg;

gpd;dhy;

Mrpupah; FO

N[. Nf.V n`l;bahuhr;rp

N[.Mh;.gp N`uj;

v];. rptfyh

kpype;j rkuf;Nfhd;

v];.vk;.rP. v]; rkuf;Nfhd;

vd;.lg;spA.b.V.fd;dq;fuh

jkpohf;fk;

v];.rptfyh

fzzp tbtikg;Gk;> gf;ftbtikg;Gk;

mrpj;j g];ehaf;f

jpypdp kJ\pf;fh

v];. nuhgpdp

cw;gj;jp Kfhikj;Jtk;

cghyp &g];ru

ntspaPL

tptrhag; gpuRu myF fd;ndhWit

gpujk MrpupaupkpUe;J' ' '

vkJ ehL xh; tptrha ehlhFk;.,q;F

fhzg;gLk; fhyepiy kz; fhuzpfs; gaph;r;

nra;iff;F crpjkhf fhzg;gLtJld;

fhyepiy tiyaq;fs; midj;jpYk; mt; mt;

tyaj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhd gaph;fis gaph;r; nra;Ak;

tha;g;;Gfs; cs;sd. MdhYk; ehk; rpwg;ghf

gaphplf; $batw;iwf; $l mjpf gzj;ij

nrytpl;L ,wf;Fkjp nra;fpd;Nwhk;;;;.

fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,wf;Fkjpiaf;

Fiwj;J Njitahdtw;iw vkJ ehl;bNyNa

cw;gj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F eltbf;iffs;

gy Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lhYk; epiyahd jPh;T

xd;Wk; fpilf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; ,d;W tptrha

jpizf;fsk; ,k; gpur;ridf;F rhpahd jph;thd

tptrha etPdkakhf;fy; vDk; ghijia

Nehf;fp gazpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,jd;

%yk; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpj;J cs;ehl;bYk;

ntspehl;bYk; mjpf tUkhdj;ijk; ngw;Wf;

nfs;syhk;.,J njhlh;ghd gy tpNrl

fl;Liufis ,f; fkj;njhopy;; tpsf;fk; Clhf

gpuRhpj;Js;Nshk;;;;;;.

cs;Ns

,t;tpjopy; ntspahfpAs;s fl;Liufis

vOjpath;fNs mjw;fhd nghWg;ghFk;.

Mrphpa FO vt;tpjkhd nghWg;igAk;

Vw;fhJ. ,t;tpjopy; ntspahfpAs;s

Mf;fq;fis kWgpuRuk; nra;a

tpUk;GNthh; vk;kplk; Kd; mDkjp ngw

Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; ,yhg Nehf;fw;w

tplaq;fspw;F mDkjp kWf;fg;gl khl;lhJ

vd;gijAk; ftdpf;fTk;.

fjph;tpr;rp fw;iwfs; %yk;

epyj;ij kl;lg;gLj;jy; 01

tptrha etpdkakhf;fs;

jpl;lk; 05

go < > ©rdp < vd;gtw;iw

fl;Lg;gLj;j Gujf; fthp 10

MICH HY-01 ,yq;iff;Nf

chpj;jhd kpsfha; th;f;fk; 14

KUq;if 19

epyf;fliy gaph;r; nra;if 22

th;j;jfg; gaph;r; nra;ifia

jpl;lkply; 26

tptrha cw;gj;jpfs; %yk;

Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijia

ntw;wpf; nfhs;Nthk; 30

Nkyjpf czTg; gaph;r;

nra;ifapy; etpd

kag;gLj;jYf;fhf kz;

ePh; Kfhikj;Jtk; 34

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 1

kl;lg;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; fPo;tUk; ed;ikfs;

fpilf;Fk;;

» epyj;jpy; vy;yh gFjpfSf;Fk; rPuhf ePh;

fpilf;Fk; tifapy; ePh;g;ghrdk; nra;yhk;

» epyj;jpy; ePh; Njq;fp epw;fhJ

» cOj gpd; epyk; kl;lkhff;

fhzg;gLtjhy; tpij rPuhf Kisf;Fk;

» tpij rPuhf Kisg;gjhy; mjpf

tpisr;riy ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

» rhjhuz Kiwapy; epyj;ij

kl;lg;gLj;Jtij tpl Neh;j;jpahf

epyj;ij kl;lg;gLj;jyhk;

fjph;tPr;R fw;iwfspd; %yk;

epyj;ij kl;lg;gLj;Jk; NghJ

me;epyj;jpw;F rkhe;jukhf ,aq;Fk;

tifapy; cgfuzj;jpd; nld;rp kPw;wh;

%yk; njhlh;e;J 360 ghif #oYk;

NghJ cUthFk; fw;iwfs; kPw;wupy;

nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nyrh; uprptupdhy;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;. fjph;tPr;R fw;iwfs;

%yk; epyk; kl;lg;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ

rupahd Kiwapy; kllg;gLj;jg;gLtJld;

NkL> gs;sq;fs; mt;

cgfuzj;jpdhNyNa rup nra;ag;gLk;;.

rupahd tptrha njhopy;El;gjijg;

gad;gLj;jp; epyk; kl;lg;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; rpwe;j

gaph; tpisr;riy ngw KbtJld; nryitf;

Fiwf;fTk; ciog;ig kPjg;gLj;jTk;

KbAk;. rupahd Kiwapy; epyk;

fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk;2

epyj;ij kl;lg;gLj;Jtjhy;

Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs;

» ePh;g;ghrd tpidj;jpwid 50% tPjj;jhy;

mjpfupf;fyhk;

» epy gz;gLj;jYf;Fj; Njitahd ePiu

20%-30% tPjk; Fiwf;f KbtJld;

vupnghUs; nryitAk; Fiwf;fyhk;.

» grisia rPuhf gad;gLj;Jtjhy;

gaph;fs; rPuhf tsh;tJld; rpwe;j

tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wj;jUk;. 10% - 15%

tPj tpisr;ry; mjpfupf;Fk;.

» tuk;Grhy; mikg;gjw;F Fiwe;jsT

,lg;gug;Ng nry;tjhy; eLif nra;Ak;

gaph;fspd; vz;zpf;if 8-10% tPjk; mjp-

fupf;Fk;.

» fhy;tha; mikf;Fk; nryT FiwthFk;.

» epyk; rPuhf kl;lg;gLj;jg;gLtjhy;

gaph;fis eLif nra;tjw;Fk;>

guhkupg;gjw;Fk; $ypahy; nryT

FiwthFk;. jukhd rpwe;j

tpisr;riyg; ngw;wnfhs;syhk;

» ePh; epyj;jpy; rPuhf gutpr; nry;Yk;

» fisfspdhy; ghjpg;G FiwT

» gaph;fs; rPuhf tsUk;

» ghuhkhpg;G nryT FiwT

» kl;lkhd kz; Nkw;gug;G cUthFk;

» tpijfs; rPuhf Kisf;Fk;

» gaph; tsh;r;rp rPuhf ,Uf;Fk;

» gad;gLj;Jk; cs;sPLfSf;fhd nryitf;

Fiwf;fyhk;

» gapuhf;ftpay; eltbf;iffs; ,yFthFk;

» ,ae;jpuq;fis gad;gLj;jy; ,yFthFk;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 3

fhyepiy khw;wj;Jld; tptrha mgptpUj;jpapd; ghijia khw;Wtjw;F

vLj;j Kaw;rpahf fhyepiyf;Nfw;w Nehj;;jpahd tptrhak;; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

czT tptrhar; rq;fj;jpdhy; (FAO) ,jw;F epiyahd cw;gj;jpia Nkk;gLj;jp>

NtWghLfis jhq;fp> ,irthf;fk; mila Ntz;ba re;jh;g;gq;fspy; gr;ir tPl;L thA

ckpo;Tfis Fiwf;Fk; Njrpa czT ghJfhg;G mgptpUj;jp Nehf;if Nkk;gLj;Jk;

njhopy;El;gk; vd Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

fhyepiyf;Nfw;w Neh;j;jpahd tptrhak;

fhyepiyf;Nfw;w Nehj;;jpahd

tptrhak;;j;jpd; gpujhd gFjpfs;

cw;gj;jp

fhyepiy - czh;jpwd; kpf;f tptrha

cw;gj;jp> gaph;fs; > fhy;eil cw;gj;jp>

flw;nwhopy; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; fpilf;Fk;

tUkhdj;ij #oYf;F ghjpg;gpy;yhky;

mjpfupj;Jf;nfhs;s vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Njrpa czT cw;gj;jp Nghriz ghJfhg;ig

epiyahd Kiwapy; Nkk;gLj;j

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

khWgLjy;

,j;njhopy; El;gj;jpd; %yk;

tptrhapfs; Kfk; nfhLk;Fk; FWfpa

fhyepiyf;Nfw;w Neh;j;jpahd tptrhak;

cw;gj;jp>tUkhdj;jpd;

epiyg;NgW mjpfhpj;jy;

fhyepiy khw;wq;fSf;F

jhf;F gpbf;Fk; jd;ik

fhyepiy khw;wq;fspdhy;

tptrhaj;jpw;F Vw;gLk;

ghjpg;igf; Fiwj;jy;

Njrpa czT ghJfhg;G>

mgptpUj;jp Nehf;F


fhy gpur;rpidfis Fiwj;J>

Vw;gLk; mOj;jq;fSf;F jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk;

jd;ikia cUthf;fp mth;fis

nrOikailar; nra;tjw;F

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. #oy; njhFjpia g

hJfhg;gjw;F ,jd; %yk; ftdk;

nrYj;jg;gLk;. fhyepiy khw;wq;fSf;F

Kfk; nfhLg;gjw;F ,r;Nrit mtrpakhFk;.

Fiwj;jy;

fhyepiyf;Nfw;w Neh;j;jpahd

tptrhak; %yk; gr;ir tPl;L

tpisTfis Fiwj;J my;yJ ,y;yhky;

nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xU fNyhup czY

cw;gj;jpf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;; vupnghUs;

jfdj;jpdhy; ntsptplg;gLj; gr;ir

tPl;L thAit Fiwg;gjd; %yk; ,ij

Nkw;nfhs;syhk;;. mj;Jld; tptrhaj;jpd;

NghJ Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fisAk;

Fiwf;fyhk;;

fyhepjp vr;. Nf fLgpba

gphpTj; jiyth;;

,aw;if ts Kfhikj;Jt epiyak;

tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;

cWjpAs;std;

neUf;fb tUk; NghJ

jd;id kl;Lk;

ek;Gfpwhd;

- rhh;y];bfhy; -

cdJ jpwikia

kw;wth;

re;Njfg;gl;lhYk;

eP

re;Njfg;glf; $lhJ

- Ul;ahh;l;fpg;spq; -

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 5

,yq;ifapd; tptrha etPd kakhf;fy;

jpl;lj;jpw;F rh;tNjr mgptpUj;jp

rq;fj;jpd; fld; cjtpahf cyf tq;fp

%yhjhuj;jpd; fPo;; 58.63 kpy;ypad;

nlhyh; tptrha mikr;rpf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,j;jpl;lk; tptrha mikr;rpdhy;

eilKiwg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;

gpujhd Nehf;fk; cw;gj;jpia mjpfupj;jy;>

NtWgl;l Kd;khjpupfs; %yk; rpwpasthd

tptrhapfspd;> tptrhaj;ij etPd

kag;gLj;Jtjw;F cjTjy;.

mbg;gil Nehf;fk;

1. Nghl;b> Nfs;tp mjpfk; fhzg;gLk;

nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;'

2. re;ij khdj;jpw;Nfw;g cw;gj;jpia

mjpfhpj;jy;

3. tsh;e;J tUk; tptrhaj;ij tpahghu

uPjpahf khw;Wjy; eltbf;if vLj;jy;

,j;jpl;lj;jpd; vjph;g;ghh;g;Gfs;

1. jdp tptrhap> tptrha rq;fq;fspd;

cw;gj;jpfis re;ijg;gLj;jp

tUkhdj;ij mjpfupj;jy;


2. tsh;e;J tUk; tptrhaj;ij th;j;jf

uPjpahf khw;Wjy;

3. tptrhaj; njhopy;El;g Kd;khjpupg;

gz;izfs; Clhf etPd njhopy;El;g

fl;lisfis mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.

tptrha etPdkag;gLj;Jk; jpl;lk;

nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; khtl;lq;fs;

aho;g;ghzk;> Ky;iyj;jPT> mEuhjGuk;>

nghyd;eWit> kl;lf;fsg;G> nkhduhfiy>

khj;jis

tptrha njhopy;El;g Kd;khjpupg;

gz;iz

» ,g;gz;izfspd;; Nehf;fkhdJ jw;NghJ

nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; ntw;wpfukhd mjp

etPd tptrhaj; njhopy;El;gq;fis vkJ

ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; rpW tptrhapfSf;F

mwpKfg;gLj;JtjhFk;.

» khtl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tptrha

cw;gj;jpfs;> re;ijg;gLj;jy;> gapw;rp mspj;jy;>

tpupthf;fk; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa

gue;j tiyaikg;ghFk;.

» nghJthd cw;gj;jpj; njhopy;El;gq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp xNu tifahd

gaph;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; 10 - 15

fpuhkq;fs; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

» Kjy; fl;lkhf tptrhaj; njhopy;El;g

Kd;khjpup gz;izapD}lhf 20 jpl;lq;fs;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

cjhuzk; : kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;jpy;

thfiu gpuNjr nrayhsh; gpuptpy;

mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gjg;gLj;jpa nff;fup

njhopy;El;g Kd;khjpupg; gz;izapy;

tk;kptl;ld;> gy;rid> khq;fudp> fjpuNtyp>

Gj;J}h;> cupaq;fl;L Mfpa fpuhkq;fs;

mlq;Fk;.

vy;yh gz;izfspYk; njupT

nra;ag;gl;l gaph;fSf;fhf gpd;tUk;

Nritfs; toq;fg;gLk;

1. gq;F gw;Wk; tptrhapfs;> tptrhaf;

FOf;fis> tptrha rq;fq;fSld;

xd;wpizj;jy;> gapw;rpfis xOq;FgLj;jy;

2. tptrha cw;gj;jpfisj; njhlh;GgLj;jy;>

mWtilf;Fg; gpd;dhd Kfhikj;Jtk;>

cw;gj;jpfis re;ijg;gLj;jy;

3. jpl;lq;fs>; Muha;r;rp Nritfs;>

NtW cjtp Nritfs; vd;gtw;Wld;

njhlh;GgLj;Jjy;"

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 7

cjhuzk; : thfiuapy; gjg;gLj;jg;gl;l

nff;fupg; gz;izAld;; ,ize;Js;s

xU Vf;fh; epyg;gug;gpw;F nrhe;jkhd 500

tptrhapfspd; cw;gj;jpfis nfhs;tdT

nra;Ak; xg;ge;jj;jpd; %yk; 7 tptrhar;

rq;fq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Gjpa fyg;gpd nff;fup tpij

th;f;fq;fshd Cucumisanguria, Cucumissativus

vd;gd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

fhyepiyf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tptrhak;> Ez;

ePh;g;ghrdk;> etPd tptrhaj; njhopy;El;gq;;fs;>

mWtilf;Fg; gpd;dhd njhopy;El;gq;fis

gad;gLj;jp nff;fup gaph;r;nra;ifia

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf mur> jdpahh; gpupTfspdhy;

tpupthf;fk;> gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

thfiug; gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;

kz; kzy; jd;ikapdhy; mjd;

Nghrizia mjpfupg;gjw;Fk;> kz; tsj;ijg;

NgZtjw;Fk; Nrjdg;gris mtrpakhFk;.

grisg; gpuNahfkhdJ kz; gupNrhjidapd;

gpd; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. Nrjdg; gris

gad;gLj;Jtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk;

mtrpaj;ijAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L

mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Nrjdg; gris cw;gj;jpia

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tptrhaj; jpizf;fsKk;> tptrha

fhg;GWjpf; $l;Lj;jhgdKk; gaph;fisAk;

tptrhapfisAk; ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;

fhg;GWjpia mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sd.

cw;gj;jp> re;ij mbg;gilj;

Njitfs;

Kd;khjpup njhopy;El;gg; gz;izfspd;;

mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ePh;g;ghrdj;jpw;fhf>

Fsq;fis Gduikj;jy;> re;ijf;F

khh;f;fq;fis Nkk;gLj;jy;> tptrha

epyq;fSf;F nry;Yk; ghijfis

Gduikj;jy;> fsQ;rpa trjp Nghd;w

mbg;gil trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.


cjhuzk;: fPo;tUk; mbg;gil trjpfs;

thfiug; gz;izapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 25

fpNyh kPw;wh; ePskhd tptrha epyj;jpw;F

nry;Yk; ghij> 9 fpNyh kPw;wh; ahid

ghJfhg;G Ntyp> ghyk;> tptrhaf; fpzW.

tptrhag; gapw;rp> jpwikfis

Nkk;gLj;jy;

tptrhag; gapw;rp> jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjd;

%yk; rpwpastpyhd tptrhapfspd; mwpit>

jpwikia Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> kpfr;

rpwe;j re;ijkhdj;jpw;fhf tptrha cw;gj;jpr;

rq;fq;fis mikg;gjw;Fk; cjtpahf

,Uf;Fk;. tptrhag; gapw;rp> jpwikia

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F fPo; tUk; ,U

KiwfisAk; ifahsyhk;.

01' tptrhapfspd;; jpwikfis Nkk;gLj;jy;

tptrha tpahghuk; vDk; njhdp;g;nghUspd;

fPo; cs;Sh; tptrha tpupthf;f Nritapd;

njhlh;GgLj;jypy; ,g; gapw;rpg; gl;liwfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,t; tpNrl gapw;rpg;

gl;liwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJ tptrha

tpahghug;; ghlrhiyfspNyNa MFk;.

02' tptrhapfSf;fhd gapw;rpfs;

jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; tptrhapfspd;>

vjph;fhyq;fspy;; tptrhaf; fofq;fSf;F

Njitahd gapw;rpfis Muha;e;j gpd;Ng

,g;gapw;rpfs; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

jpl;lj;jpd; gq;fspg;G

1. tptrha ,ae;jpuq;fs;> fUtpfs;>

tpidj;jpwdhd ePh; Kfhikj;Jtj;ij

cs;slf;fpa etPd njhopy;El;gq;fis

cs;slf;fpa fl;lisahFk;.

2. cah; njhopy;El;g cgfuzq;fs;>

,ae;jpuq;fs;> %yg;nghUl;fs;> NkYk;

ngWkjp Nrh;g;gjw;F Njitahd trjpfs;

3. gz;izf;F cs;EioAk;

ghijfis mikj;jy;> rpwpa Fsq;fis>

tha;f;fhy;fis Gduikj;jy;> tpisr;riy

jahhg;;gLj;jy;> fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy;> Fsph;

fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; Nghd;w mbg;gil

trjpfis toq;Fjy;.

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 9

4. etPd njhopy;El;g mwpit> gapw;rpfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;.

5. tptrha cw;gj;jpfis mjpfupj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf jdpahh; gpupTfspy;

fhzg;gLk; tpNrl njhopy;El;gq;fis

mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.

tptrhapfspd; gq;fspg;G

1. ,lj;jpd; cupikia cWjpg;gLj;jy;

2. %yg;nghUl;fs;> (tpij> gris> tptrha

,urhadq;fs;)> rpukk; vd;gtw;iw

tptrhapNa Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

cjhuzk;: gjg;gLj;jpa nff;fup

jpl;lj;jpw;fhf Nrjdg;gris> J}ty;

ePh;g;ghrdk;> tptrhaf; fpzW> fha;fis

nfhz;L nry;Yk; ngl;bfs; vd;gtw;wpw;fhf

jpl;lj;jpdhy; xt;nthU tptrhapf;Fk; 0.3

kpy;ypad; &gh toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU

Vf;fh; cw;gj;jpf;fhd nryT 50000Mapuk;

&gh nrythtFJld;; eLif nra;J 85

ehl;fspy; 240>000.00 &gh ,yhgj;ijg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbtJld; tUlj;jpy;

3 jlitfs; gaph;r;nra;ifia

Nkw;nfhs;sTk; KbAk;;.

mjpf gUtg;ngah;r;rp kioapdhy;

xf;Nlhgh;- brk;gh; khjq;fspy;;

nff;fupr;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;s KbahJ.

mt;Ntis Vw;Wkjpf;fhf n[yngNdh

kpsfha; th;fj;ij gaph; nra;ayhk;. ,g;

gapuhdJ gpujhd gapUf;F ghjpg;ig

Vw;gLj;Jk; G+r;rp gPilfis

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gad;gLj;Jk; khw;Wg;

gapuhFk;. gjg;gLj;jpa nff;fupia Vw;Wkjp

nra;tjd; %yk; tUlj;jpw;F 20 kpy;ypad;

mnkupf;fd; nlhyiu ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

KbtJld; cyfk; KOtJk; fhzg;gLk;

cldb czT epiyaq;fSf;F Vw;Wkjp

nra;ag;Lfpd;wJ.

fyhepjp nwh`hz; tp[aNfhz;

rpNu\;l MNyhrfh;

tptrha etPdkakhf;fs; jpl;lk;>

tptrha mikr;R


kh> Midf;nfha;ah> nfha;ah> thio Nghd;w

gog;gaph;fis jhf;Fk; go <apdhYk; G+rzp> gPh;f;F>

GNlhy;> fh;fpd; Nghd;w G+rzp FLk;gg; gaph;fis jhf;Fk;

G+rzp <apdhYk; gaph;fSf;Ff; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; mjpfkhFk;.

,g;gaph;fspd; Vw;Wkjpapy; ,J mjpf nry;thf;F nrYj;JtJld;

Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpYk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

ehk; cz;Zk; kuf;fup> goq;fspy; ,g; G+r;rpfs; jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;Jtjhy; ,j;jhf;fj;ij tya kl;lj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;j 2009

Mk; Mz;L tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; xUq;fpize;j gPil

Kfhikj;Jt Kiwahd Gujf;ftup mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

,k;Kiwapdhy; ,g; G+r;rpfis rpwe;j Kiwapy; fl;Lg;gLj;j

KbtJld; gPilehrpdp kPjpfs; fhzg;glhjjhy; ,g;gpur;rpidf;F

,J Xh; rpwe;j jPh;thf mikfpd;wJ. ,t; xUq;fpize;j

gPilf;fl;Lg;ghL Kiwia gad;gLj;jp 2015 Mk; Mz;L

Vw;Wkjpf;F ,Ue;j rthiy Kwpabf;f Kbe;jJ.

go <> G+rzp <apd; xUq;fpize;j fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F

Gujf; ftupfyhepjp Nf.V.vd;.gP. gz;lhu (cjtp tptrhag; gzpg;ghsh;)

vy;.gP. R[Pth Fkhup (tptrhag; Nghjdhrpupah;)

©q;fdpapay; Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jp epiyak;> fd;ndhWit

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 11

xUq;fpize;j gPil Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwapy; gaph; kPjpfis mopj;jy;> tpUe;J

toq;fp gaph;fis Njhl;lj;jpypUe;J

mfw;Wjy;>fha;fis nghypj;jPd; ciw

xd;wpy; ,l;L fl;b ntapypy; mtpa

tply;> fha;fSf;F ciwapy;> ngNuNkhd;

nghwpfis Njhl;lj;jpy; njhq;f tpLtJld;

ngz; <f;fis ftUtjw;fhf Gjpa fl;Lg;ghl;L

Kiwahd Gujf; ftupfis itj;jy; vd;gd

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fhf vkJ

ehl;bNyNa cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;

yf;NuhNgl; Gujf;ftup tptrha

jpizf;sj;jpdhy; rpghupR nra;ag;l;Ls;sJ.

,k;Kiw FWfpa fhyg;gFjapy;py;

tptrhapfspilNa gpugy;akile;jJ. rpy

re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ,g; Gujf;ftupia

gad;gLj;jp rpwe;j Kiwap;y;

fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahky; NghtjhfTk;

tptrhapfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;. ,t;thwhd

tptrhapfis Neubahf re;jpj;J

fye;Jiuahba NghJ. gpd;tUk;

fhuzq;fspdhy; ,e;epiy Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;

vd njupa te;jJ.

» tya xUq;fpize;j gPil fl;Lg;ghl;L

Kiwapy; Vida fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfis

,ize;J gad;gLj;jg;gLj;jhik.

» Fwpg;gpl;l Gujf;ftupia rupahd

vz;zpf;ifapYk; rupahd nrwptp;Yk;

gad;gLj;jhik

» rpy re;jh;gq;fspy;; jiuf;F Gujf;ftupia

,Ljy; gadw;whFk;. (G+rzp> nff;fup

Nghd;w epyj;jpy; glh;e;J tsUk;

gaph;fSf;F)

» ntapy;> kio Nghd;w fhyepiy

fhuzpfshy; Gujf;ftupfspd; nraw;ghL

tpiutpy; Fiwtilayhk;. ,jdhy;

FWfpa ,ilntspapy; kPz;Lk; tprpw

Ntz;Lk;.

» rpwpastpyhd gaph;r;nra;iff;F

gad;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJ filrpahf

gapupl;l iftplg;gl;l gaph;r;nra;ifapy;

,Ue;J <f;fs; kPz;Lk; mjpfsT guTjy;

,J tya xUq;fpize;j

fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwapy; ,g; Gujf; ftupia

epiyaj;jpy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F (Spot App)

gjpyhf gad;gLj;jf;$ba Gjpa KiwahFk;.

Gujf;ftup nghwpia jahupf;f

Njitahdit

» 3.5 mq;Fy (9 nr.kP) Pvc lTd; Foha;

» "1" jbg;ghd ];nghd;rpj; Jz;L xd;W

» gapd;bq; fk;gp 1" ePskhd Jz;L xd;W

» kQ;rs; epwG+r;rp rpwpjsT

Gujf; ftupg; nghwpia jahupj;jy;

1. PVC Fohapd; xU Gwk; Nky; ,Uf;FkhW

2.5 mq;FyKk; (6-7nr.kP) kWgf;fk;

2.5 nr.kP mfyk; ,Uf;FkhWk; rupthf

ntl;bf;nfhs;sTk; (glk; - 01)

2. ];Nghd;rp Jz;il PVC Fohapd;

tpl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jf;$bathW tl;lkhf

ntl;bf;nfhs;f

3. mjw;F kQ;rs; epwg; G+r;ir G+rpf; nfhs;f


4. G+r;rp fha;e;j gpd; mfyk; $ba gf;fk;

Jisapl;L Njhl;lj;jpy; rkhe;jukhf

njhq;ftplf; $bathW fk;gpia

,izj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;

5. ];Nghd;r;rp Jz;il FoapDs;(gapg;);

,izj;Jf;;nfhs;sTg; (glk; 2)

Gujf; ftup fyitiaj; jahupj;jy;

1. yf;NuNgl; ftupAld; jug;gl;l rf;f];

Nghj;jiy ed;whf FYf;fpf;;nfhs;f

2. rf;f]; Nghj;jypy; 0.4 kpyPiu mse;;J

200 kp.yP Gujf;ftupia Nrh;j;J %bia

%b ed;F FYf;fpf; nfhs;sTk;. (400

kpyP Gujf;ftup Nghj;jYf;F 0.8 kP

rf;f]; fyitia fye;J nfhs;sTk;

(glk;3)

Gujf; ftup nghwpia gad;gLj;jy;

1. fye;j Gujf;ftupf; fyitia 4.5 kp.

yPiu ftupapy; nghUj;jg;gl;l ];nghd;rpy;

Rw;wp G+rp tplTk;.

2. go kuq;fs; vdpd; kuj;jpy; gUkid

nghUj;J 2-3 nghwpfs; fha;fs; Kw;w

Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ (G+ cUthfp xU

khjj;jpy;) ,Ue;J fha;fs; Kjph;e;J

mWtil nra;Ak; tiu kuj;jpd;

gUkidg; nghWj;J 2-3 nghwpfis

njhq;f tpLjy;; Ntz;Lk;. 10- 14 ehl;fSf;F

xU jlit Gujf;ftup fyitia

];nghd;;rpy; G+Rjy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. G+rzp FLk;gg; gaph;fSf;F (G+rzp>

gPh;f;F> GNlhy;)> 5 kPw;wh; ,ilntspapy;

ghj;jpapy; ,ilf;fpil G+ cUthf

Muk;gpf;Fk; Kd; ,Ue;J mWtil

nra;Ak; tiu Gujf;ftup nghwpia

njhq;f tplTk;.

glk; 02 - ntl;ba ];nghd;rpj; Jz;il

lTd; gapg;gpDs; nghUj;jy;

glk; 03 rf;rir mse;J

Nghj;jyp;y; ,ly;

glk; 01

glk; 04 Gujf;fthp fyitia

];nghd;rpy; ©Rjy;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 13

4. G+rzp FLk;g gaph;fSf;F 1000

r.kPw;wUf;F (1/4 Vf;fh;) Njhl;lj;jpw;F

40-80 nghwpfis njhq;f tplTk; xU

n`f;;nlaUk; 200 - 400 nghwpfis

njhq;f tpl Ntz;Lk;.

Gujf;ftup nghwpfis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ

ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;ba fhuzpfs;

» mg; ngwpf;F Gujf;ftupia ( Lak Gro bait)

gad;gLj;jTk;

» 1 k.pyPw;wh; rpuQ;irg; gad;gLj;jp kpf

EZf;fkhf rf;r]; fyitia mse;;J

Gujf; ftup Nghj;jypy; ,l;L fye;J

nfhs;sTk;

» G+r;rpehrpdp (rf;f];) Fiwe;jsNt Gujf;

ftupAld; fyf;fg;gLtjhy; Gujf; ftup

Nghj;jiy ,Wf;fkhf %b Ff;fpf;

nfhs;sTk;

» rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l mstpNyNa

rf;f];irf; fye;J nfhs;sTk;

» G+r;rpehrpdp fye;j Gujf; ftup

Nghj;jiy kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;j ,Ul;lhd

,lj;jpy; ghJfhg;ghf itf;fTk;. #upa xsp

gLk; NghJ fyhtjpahFk; jpfjpf;F Kd;

gOjila ,lKz;L

» Gujf; ftupia nghwpapy; gad;gLj;Jk;

NghJ ePh; Nrh;g;gij jtph;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;

Gujf; ftup nghwpia gad;gLj;Jtjd;

ed;ikfs;

» Gujf; ftupia tpRWk; NghJ 5 - 7

ehl;fSf;F xU jlit tprpw Ntz;Lk;.

nghwpapy; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ 10-14

ehl;fSf;F xU jlitNa gad;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; Gujf; ftupapd;

msit 50% Fiwf;f KbtJld;

nryTk; FiwT

» rf;f]; kpf Fiwe;jsNt

gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; #oypw;F Vw;gLk;

ghjpg;G FiwthFk;

» ntapy;>kioapdhy; Gujf; ftup

moptiltJ FiwthFk;.

» nghwpia gy tUlq;fSf;F kPz;Lk;

kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ,q;F ];nghd;

2- 3 jlit gad;gLj;jpa gpd; jFe;j

epiyapy; ,y;iy vdpd; Gjpa ];nghdrp;

Jz;il nghwpapy; nghUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

ed;wp

rdj; vk;. gz;lhu

cjtp tptrhag; gzpg;ghsh; (Muha;r;rp)Clf njhlh;Gg;gLj;jy;

tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;

glk; 05 Gujf;fthp Njhl;lj;jpy; njhq;ftply;


,yq;iff;Nf cupj;jhd

fyg;gpd kpsfha; th;f;fk;

MICH HY-01

50 tUlq;fSf;F Kd; Gj;jfq;fs;> NtW Clfq;fspypUe;J

ngw;Wf;nfhz;l mwpit tpl guk;giu guk;giuahf te;j gpuNahf

mwpitg; gad;gLj;jpNa tptrhak; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; ,e;epiy

,d;W KOikahf khwpAs;sJ. cilfs;> jiyayq;fhuk; Vida

eltbf;iffspy; jiyKiwfSf;fpilNa NtWghLfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;W tptrhaj;jpy; <LgLk; tptrhapfs; Mobile

APP %yk; ,izaj;jsj;jpypUe;J jkf;Fj; Njitahd tptrhaj;

jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Gj;jfq;fspd; gaph;fisg;

gapupLtjw;F rpwe;j fhyk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gLtJ gaph;fSf;Fj;

Njitahd rhjfkhd fhyepiy> gPilj;jhf;fq;fs;; Fiwthfj;

fhzg;gLk; fhyj;ij fUjpNa MFk;. Mdhy; vy;NyhUk; xNu

Neuj;jpy; gaph; nra;Ak; NghJ cw;gj;jpapd; tpiy tPo;r;rpailAk;.

re;ijapy; Njitf;fjpfkhd cw;gj;jp fhzg;gLk;. tul;rp> nts;sk;

Neha; gPilj;jhf;fk; vd;gtw;Wf;F jPh;it mwpe;J Kd; nry;y

KbAnkdpd; ,JNt rpw;e;j ntw;wpahFk;. ghuk;gupaj;jpw;F mg;ghy;

nry;ynjd;gJ fbdkhd xd;whf ,Ue;jNghJk; Gjpanjhd;whf cUthf;f

Ntz;Lk; vdpd; njspthd khw;wj;jpw;F nry;y Ntz;Lk;.

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 15

kNyrpah> rPdh> jha;yhe;J> ,e;jpah

Nghd;w ehLfspy; fyg;gpd th;f;fq;fis

gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;NdNa Muha;e;J

ghh;j;Js;sdh;. fyg;gpd gupNrhjidfspy;

,th;fs; vk;ik tpl mjpfk; Kd;ddpapy;

epw;fpd;wdh;. fyg;gpd tpij cw;gj;jp vd;gJ

mjpfsT gzk; cah; njhopy;El;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; xd;whFk;.

vk;ikg; Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,jw;fhd gzj;ij

KjyPL nra;tnjd;gJ Nahrpf;f

Ntz;banjhd;whFk;. fle;j fhyq;fspy;

ntspehLfspypUe;J vkJ ehl;bw;F

fyg;gpd tpijfis ,wf;Fkjp nra;tJ

,yhgfukhdjhf fhzg;gl;ljdhNyNa ,it

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;bUf;fyhk;.

cyfpy; gy ehLfspypUe;J goq;fs;>

kuf;fwpfs;> kpsfha;> Nrhsk; Nghd;w gaph;fspd;

fyg;gpd tpijfs; vkJ ehl;bw;F ,wf;Fkjp

nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. Nghfj;jpw;Fg; Nghfk;

gaph; nra;tjw;fhf Gjpa fyg;gpd tpijfs;

re;ijf;F te;jhYk; mtw;wpy; rpy vkJ


ehl;L kz; fhyepiyf;F nghUj;jkhdjhf

,Ug;gjpy;iy. tUlj;jpw;F 50 kpsfha; fyg;gpd

th;f;fq;fs; mDkjp> mDkjpapd;wp vkJ ehl;bw;F

nfhz;L tug;gLfpd;wd. ,it mjpfsT

Neha; gPilj;jhf;fq;fSf;F cs;shtJld;

jukhd tpisr;riyAk; jUtjpy;iy.

,t; fyg;gpdq;fs; ,jdhNyNa

tptrhapfspilNa gpugy;ak; milatpy;iy.

vkJ ehl;by; kpsfha;

gaph;r;nra;ifapy; mjpfk; jpwe;j

kfue;jrNrh;f;if milAk; th;f;fq;fNs

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,t; th;f;fq;fs;

Neha;g; gPilj;jhf;fq;fSf;F vjph;g;igf;

fhl;bdhYk; kfpo;r;rpfukhd tpisr;riyj;

jUtjpy;iy. jpwe;j kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if

milAk; th;f;fq;fspy; kuG topj;jpwy;

vy;iyg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJ ,jw;F

fhuzkhFk;. juj;ijj; jf;f itj;J rpwe;j

tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Kd;ndLf;f

Ntz;ba eltbf;iffspy; fyg;gpd tPupak;

%yk; mjw;Nf cupj;jhd kuGtopj;jpwiy

mjpfupj;Jf;nfhs;tNj fyg;gpd tpij

cw;gj;jpapd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhFk;.

xd;wpy; xd;W NtWgl;l ,ay;igf;nfhz;l jha;>

je;ijapd; ,dg;ngUf;f ghq;Ffs; ,uz;ilAk;

fyg;G gpwg;ghf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLj;Jk; NghJ

ntw;wpfukhd fyg;gpdj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

KbAk;. fyg;Gg; gpwg;ghf;fj;jpd; %yk; Njhd;Wk;

Gjpa th;f;fk; jha;> je;ijapd; ,ay;Gfis tpl

rpwe;j ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;bUj;jy; fyg;gpd

tPupak; vdg;gLk;. jha;> je;ij ghq;Ffspy;

mjpf tpisr;riyf; jUk;; fyg;gpd ghq;if

tpl Gjpa fyg;gpd th;f;fkhdJ 25 - 30%

tPjk; mjpf tpisr;riy ngw;Wj; jUjy;

fyg;gpd tPupak; vdg;gLk;. mj;Jld; Neha;

gPilj;jhf;fq;fSf;F vjph;igf; fhl;Ljy;

Ntz;Lk; (95% -98% tPjk;) mj;Jld; Ntfkhf

tsh;jy;> jukhd tpisr;riyj; jUjy;

vd;gdTk;; fyg;gpd tPupak; %yk;

vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

10 tUlq;fshf Nkw;nfhz;l

gupNrhjidapd; ngWNgwhf 2015Mk;

Mz;L cs;Sh; fyg;gpd th;f;fkhd

MICH HY-01 tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;

kfh,Yg;gs;sk taw;gaph; Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jp

epiyaj;jpdhy; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,jw;fhf

vkJ ehl;by; njupthd fy;fpupafk> MI

tuzpa-1 vd;Dk; th;f;fq;fs; jha;> je;ijahf

njupT nra;ag;gl;L fyg;Gg;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 17

» Jsp> J}ty; ePh;g;ghrd Kiwia

gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;

» Njitiag; nghWj;J ,urhadg;gris ,l

Ntz;Lk;

fy;gpba tpNrl fhyepiy

tyaj;jpy; tptrhapfs; tUlj;jpw;F 3-4

gaph;fis gaph; nra;J epyj;jpd; cr;rg;gaidg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;th;.,jpy; gzg;gapuhd

kpsfha;f;F ,Ug;gJ rpwe;j Nfs;tpahFk;.

mjpYk; MICH HY -01 fyg;gpd th;f;fj;jpy;

tptrhapfs; nfhz;Ls;s ek;gpf;if

,t;th;f;fj;ij vt;tsT Nghl;bAld;

nfhz;L nrd;Ws;sdh; vd;gjw;F rpwe;j

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. tptrhapfspd; Njitf;Nfw;g

tpijfis toq;fKbahky; ,Ug;gJ mjpy;

cs;s gpujhd gpur;rid MFk;.

gpwg;ghf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L

,f;fyg;gpdk; ngwg;gl;lJ. ,t;th;f;fkhdJ

n`f;nlaUf;F 35 - 40 njhd;

gr;ir kpsfha; tpisr;riy ngw;Wj;jUtJld;

,iyr;RUsy;> ituR Neha;f;F vjph;g;G

jd;ikia fhl;Ltjhy; ,tw;iw

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nryT Fiwthf

fhzg;gLjy; ,f;fyg;gpdj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;

tpNrl ,ay;ghFk;.

MICH HY - 01 fyg;gpd th;f;fj;jpy;

cah; tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F

,ijg; gaph; nra;Ak; NghJ fPo;tUk;

eltbf;iffis filg;gpbf Ntz;Lk;.

» eLiff;fhf tskhd kz;iz njupT

nra;J nfhs;sTk;

» NghJkhd msT Nrjdg;gris ,lTk;

» ePiug; ghJfhf;fTk;> fisfspd; tsh;r;rpiaf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jTk; gj;jpuf;fyit ,lTk;


mad; kfue;jNrh;f;if milAk;

kpsfha; th;f;fq;fspypUe;J fyg;gpd

tpijia cw;gj;jp nra;t njd;gJ

fbdkhdnjhd;whf ,Ue;jNghJk; ,J mjpf

,yhgj;ij ngw;Wj;jUk; tpahghukhFk;.

fyg;gpd tpij cw;gj;jpahdJ jpwe;j

kfue;jNrh;f;if %yk; tpij cw;gj;jp

nra;tij tpl Kw;wpYk; NtWgl;lJ.

fyg;gpd tpij cw;gj;jpapd; NghJ ngw;Nwhh;

jhtuq;fis J}a;ikahfg; Ngzp

guhkupj;jy; mtrpakhFk;. G+r;rpfspdhy;

Vw;gLk; mad; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if> ghjfkhd

tpisTfis jLg;gjw;Fk; G+r;rpfs; cs; Eioa

Kbahj tiyapdhy; ghJfhg;G ,y;yq;fis

mikj;jy; mtrpakhFk;. ,jdhy;

mad; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;ifia jtph;f;f

KbtJld; ifapdhy; ,yFthf

kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

G+f;fs; kyh;tjw;F mz;ikapy

kfue;jf; $Lfis mfw;Wtnjd;gJ

rpukkhdnjhd;whFk; ,ij rpwe;j

gapw;rp ngw;w xUtNu Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.

kfue;j kzpfis jha; jhtuj;jpd; Fwpapy;

ftdkhf G+Rjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F kfue;jr;

Nrh;f;if ntw;wpaspg;gJ ifg;

gof;fj;jpdhyhFk;. mj;Jld; tiy

,y;yj;jpd; #ow; fhuzpfis rupahd

Kiwapy; NgZjy; kpf mtrpakhFk;.

Hybrid thfdq;fs; tUlj;jpy; xd;W

my;yJ ,uz;L Kiw gy;NtW tpjj;jpy;

,yFthf cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy;

vg;NghJk; Gjpa khjpupfis cUthf;Ftjw;F

Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; Gjpa cghaq;fis

ifahSfpd;wdh;;. njhopw;rhiyfspy;

mr;Rf;fspy; Gjpa thfd khjpupfis

tbtikj;jy; ,yFthf ,Ue;jNghJk;

Gjpa fyg;gpd th;f;fq;fis cUthf;Fjy;

rpukkhdnjhd;whFk;.

fyg;gpd tpij cw;gj;jpahdJ

,yhgfukhdjhFk;. fyg;gpd tpijfspd;

juj;ijg; NgZjy;; mtrpakhFk;. tptrhaj;

jpizf;fsj;jpy; tpij eLifg;nghUs;

mgptpUj;jp epiyak;> jdpahh; gpupT>

tptrhapfs; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fyg;gpd

tpij cw;gj;jpia kpff; ftdkhfTk;;

tpidj;jpwdhfTk; Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; rpwe;j

fyg;gpd tpijfis tptrhapfspw;F toq;f

KbAk;. vd;gJ jrhg;jq;fshf kpsfhapy; ehk;

jd;dpiwT mile;jJ NghyNt ,f; fyg;gpd

kpsfha; cw;gj;jpapYk; jd;dpiwT milNthk;

vd;gJ epr;rakhFk;.

zzfyg;gpd th;f;fj;ijg; ghJfhj;J

tre;jkhd vjph;fhyj;ij cUthf;FNthkZZ

fky; vd;.fd;dq;fu

gpujhd tptrhatpayhsh;

(jhtug; gpwg;ghf;fk;)

taw;gaph; Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jp epiyak;

kfh,Yg;gs;sk

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 19

tl ,e;jpahit ©h;tPfkkhff;

nfhz;l KUq;if ,d;W cyfpy;

madkz;ly gpuNjrq;fspy; gue;Js;sJld;

,yq;ifauhd vkf;F ,J xd;Wk;

Gjpjhdjy;y. kj;jpa kiy ehl;bd; kpf

caukhd gpuNjrq;fs; jtph;j;J ehl;bd;

Vida gpuNjrq;fspy; gue;Js;sJ.

,J nkhupd;NfNr (moringaceae)

FLkgj;ijr; rhh;e;j gapuhFk;. ,J jdf;nfd;W

xU FLk;gj;ij jdpahf itj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;

mstpw;F mz;ikapypUe;J ,jd; ngWkjp

NkYk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. tptrha

etPdg;gLj;jypy; GjpanjhU gFjpahf

KUq;ifahdJ te;js;sJ jhdhfNt

MFk;. ,yq;ifapy; ,ij nghJthf fhz

Kbe;jhYk; ,J njhlh;ghd Muha;r;rpfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUg;gJ FiwthfNt MFk;.

mjdhy; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l th;f;fNkh

Vida gapuhf;ftpay; rpghupRf;fNsh

,Jtiu ,y;iy. mq;Fznfhyngy];]

mtiu> vz;nza;g; gaph; Muha;r;rp

mgptpUj;jp epWtdj;jpd; %yk; mz;ikapy;

Muha;r;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L jw;NghJ

xd;wpypUe;J xd;W NtWgl;l

Njhw;wj;ijAila 40 KUq;if khjpupfs;

Nrfupf;fg;glL; Njhl;lj;jpy; eLif

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; fha;fspd; ePsj;ijg;

nghWj;J 3 th;f;fq;fs;

mwpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.

KUq;if Ntfkhf tsUk;

gapuhFk;. mj;Jld; jfhj #oiyAk;

vjph;j;J tsUk; jd;ikAilaJ. tlkj;jpa


ie[Pupahtpy; Nkw;nfhz;l Ma;TfspypUe;J

n`f;nlaUf;F 20000 Mapuk; kuq;fis

guhkupf;f KbAnkd njuptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,iyfis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; gaph;

nra;Ak; NghJ ,ijtpl $ba mlh;j;jpapy;

kuq;fisg; guhkupf;fyhk;. ,iyfis

6-8 jlit mWtil nra;ayhk;.

tUlj;jpy; n`f;nlaupype;J 4 kpy;ypad; &gh

tUkhdj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij

fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

KUq;if mNefkhNdhUf;F

tpUg;gkhd Xh; czthFtJld;

rpwe;j kUe;jhFk;; kuj;jpd; rfy gFjpfSk;

czthf> kUe;jhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ

,iy> Kw;whj fha;fs; czthfg;

gad;gLj;jg;gLj;JtJld; tpij> gl;il>

G+> Nth; vd;gd rpwe;j kUe;jhFk;.

,yq;ifapy; cyh;> ,il tyaq;fspy;

cs;s tptrhapfs; jw;NghJ KUq;if gaph;

nra;tjpy; mjpf mf;fiw fhl;Lfpd;wdh;.

Kuq;if ,iyf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s mjpf

Nfs;tp fhuzkhf mjpf tptrhapfs; ,jpy;

mf;fiw fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. KUq;;if ,iyia

gr;irahf > Rz;lyhf rikf;f KbtJld;

cyh;j;jpa J}Sk; mjpfsT Efug;gLfpd;wJ.

cyh;j;jpa J}spy; 30% tPjk; Gujk;

fhzg;gLtJld; fy;rpak;> nghRguR>

tPl;lhfNuhl;bd;> ,Uk;G Nghd;w Nghrizfs;

epiwe;J fhzg;gLtjhy; ntspehLfspy;

czT jahupf;Fk; NghJ rpwpjsT

Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 21

mjpf Nghriz epiwe;j

KUq;if ,iyia njhlh;e;J

EfUtjdhy; kdpj clypy; rpy

%yfq;fs; rpwpjsT Nrkpf;fg;gLk;.

,jdhy; er;Rj;jd;ik Vw;gLtjhf

ntspehLfspy; Nkw;nfhz;l

Muha;r;rpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jpy; fhzg;gLk; Nghriz

kUj;Jtf;Fzk; vd;gtw;iw fUJk;NghJ

,ij cztpy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ

mtrpakhFk;. ,e;jpahtpy; gy

Mz;LfSf;F Kd;gpUe;Nj ePupopT

Nehiaf; Fzg;gLj;Jtjw;F kUe;J

jahupg;gjw;F KUq;if ,iyia

gad;gLj;jpajw;fhd rhd;Wfs; cs;sd.

KUq;if tpijapy; 40% tPjk;

nfhOg;G fhzg;gLtJld;

,J xl;rpNaw;wntjpupfshf>

gpujpxl;rpNaw;wpahf nraw;gLk; jd;ik

nfhz;lJld; rpWePufq;fis ghJfhj;J

cah; ,uj;j mOj;jj;ij Fiwg;gjdhy;

,J vkJ MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F kpfTk;

rpwe;jnjhd;whFk;.

b tPuNrfu

gpujhd tptrhatpayhsh;

jhtug; gpwg;ghf;fk;

vz;nza;> mtiug;gaph; mgptpUj;jp Muha;r;rp

epWtdk;

mq;Fznfhyngy];]

rzj; vd; gz;lhu

cjtp tptrhag; gzpg;ghsh; (Muha;r;rp)

Clf njhlh;GgLj;jy;

tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;

KUq;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; Nghrizg; ngWkjp

Nghriz %yfq;fs;KUq;iff;

fha;

KUq;iff;

,iy

KUq;if

,iyj;

Jhs;

ePh;% 86.9 75.0 7.5

fNyhhp 26 92 205

Gujk; (fpuhk;) 2.5 6.7 27.1

nfhOg;G(fpuhk;) 0.1 1.7 2.3

khg;nghUs; (fpuhk;) 3.7 13.4 38.2

ehh;g;nghU(fpuhk;)s; (fpuhk;) 4.8 0.9 19.2

fdpg;nghUs; (fpuhk;) 2.0 2.3 -

fy;rpak; (fpuhk;) 30 440 2,003

kf;dPrpak; (fpuhk;) 24 24 368

nghRguR(fpuhk;) 110 70 204

nghl;lhrpak; (fpuhk;) 259 259 1,324

nrg;G (fpuhk;) 3.1 1.1 0.57

,Uk;G (fpuhk;) 5.3 7 28.2

ry;gh (fpuhk;) 137 137 870

xf;rypd; mkpyk;;

(kpy;yp fpuhk;)

10 101 1600

tpw;wkpd; A-B (kpy;yp fpuhk;)

0.11 6.8 16.3

tpw;wkpd; - B (kpy;yp) 423 423 -

tpw;wkpd; - B1 (kpy;yp fpuhk;)

0.05 0.21 2.64


0.07 0.05 20.5


0.2 0.8 8.2

tpw;wkpd; - C (kpy;ypfpuhk;)

120 220 17.3

tpw;wkpd; - E (kpy;yp fpuhk;) - - 113

Mh;[dpd; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 90 402 1325

];bbd; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 27.5 141 613

yaprPd; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 37.5 288 1325

bg;NlhNgd; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 20 127 425

gPdapy;mydpd;

(kpy;yp fpuhk;)

108 429 1388

nkdpNahdpd;

(kpy;yp fpuhk;)

35 134 350

jpNahdpd; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 98 328 1188

yPArpd; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 163 623 1950

ma;NrhypArpd;

(kpy;yp fpuhk;)

110 422 825

ntypdpd; (kpy;yp fpuhk;) 135 476 1063


epyf;fliy gaph;r;nra;if %yk; ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F

if nfhLf;Fk;

vkJ ehl;by; rpwg;ghf

gapuplf; $ba mjpfsthd gaph;fs;

ntspehLfspypUe;J mjpf gzj;ij nrytopj;J

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. tUlhe;jk; epyf;-

fliy 3500 njhd; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

epyf;fliyia vkJ ehl;by; cyh;> ,il

tyaq;fspy; rpwg;ghf gapupl KbtJld;

mjpfstgd tUkhdj;ij <l;bf;nfhs;sTk;

KbAk;. rpwe;j tUkhdj;ij <l;bj;jUk;

epyf;fliyia vkJ ehl;by; vt;thW

gaph; nra;ayhk; vd;gijAk; tptrhaj;

jpizf;fsj;jpdhy; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;Ls;s

th;f;fq;fs; njhlh;ghfTk; ,f;fl;Liuapd;

%yk; mwpaj;jUfpd;Nwd;.

epyf;fliy rf;jpiag; ngw;Wj;jUk;

vz;nza;g; gapuhFk;. ,jpy; cah;Nghriz

epiwe;Js;sJ. nfhOg;G 40% - 48 %

tPjKk;> Gujk; 26% tPjKk;>

fhNghitjNuw;W 18% - 20 % tPjKk;> fy;rpak;>

nghRguR> ,Uk;G> tpw;wkpd;> fdpg;nghUl;fs;>

xl;rpNaw;wvjpupfs; vd;gdTk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. epyf;fliy clypy;

cs;s Nkyjpf nfhy];Nuhy;>

tpUk;gj;jfhj nfhy];Nuhiy Fiwj;J

tpUk;gj;jf;f nfhy];Nuhypd; msit

mjpfupf;Fk;. ,jd; %yk; ,ja Neha;fs;

jLf;fg;gLtJld; ,jpy; fhzg;gLk;

gPNdhypd; xl;rpNaw;wpfs; %yk; EiuaPuy;

Gw;WNeha; jLf;fg;gLk;. epyf;fliyia

xl;nfhs;tjhy; cly; vilahdJ

mehtrpakhd Kiwapy; mjpfupf;fhJ.

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 23

rpwe;j tUkhdj;ij ngw;Wj;jUk;

RitAk;> NghrzAk; epiwe;j

epyf;fliyapd; ©h;tPfk; njd;

mnkupf;fhtpy;; MFk;. jw;NghJ KO

MrpahtpYk; gue;Js;sJ. rPdhtpNyNa

mjpfsT epyf;fliy cw;gj;jp

nra;ag;gLtJld; ,e;jpahtpYk;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftsT cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;

fPo; ,aq;fp tUk; mq;Fznfhyngy];]

mtiu> vz;nza;g; gaph;

Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jp epiyaj;jpdhy;

epyf;fliy njhlh;ghd Muha;r;rpfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. vkJ

ehl;by; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;Ls;s rfy

epyf;fliy th;f;fq;fSk; ,q;NfNa

tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld. vkJ ehl;by;

epyf;fliy nra;ifahdJ Ky;iyj;jPT

mk;ghiw> jpUNfhzkiy> kl;lf;fsg;G>

nkhduhfiy> FUehfiy> tTdpah>

Gj;jsk;> mk;ghe;Njhl;il Mfpa

khtl;lq;fspYk; cyh;> ,il tyaq;fspy;

Vida khtl;lq;fspYk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.

epyf;fliy gaph;r;nra;if rpW>

fhyNghfq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;s KbtJld;

vkJ ehl;by; cyh;> ,il tyaq;fspy;

ntw;wpfukhfr; nra;ifgz;zyhk;. ed;F

ePh; tbg;Gs;s kzy; fye;j 5.5 - 7

tiuahd gP.vr; fhzg;gLk; fsp kz; ,jd;

tsh;r;rpf;F kpfTk; rpwe;jJ. rpWNghfj;jpy;

Vg;uy; khj;jpYk; fhyNghfj;jpYk; xf;Nlhgh;

khjj;jpYk; gaph;r;nra;ifia Muk;gpg;gJ

kpfTk; rpwe;jJ. 15 - 20 nr.kPw;wh;

Moj;jpw;F kz;izf; nfhj;jpg; Gul;b

J}h;itahf;fp epyj;ijg;

gz;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

kz;zpd; jd;ikiag; nghWj;J

ghj;jp mikj;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

kzy; kz;zpy; ghj;jp

mikf;fj;Njitapy;iy. rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l

,ilntspapy; eLifr;nra;ayhk;. fsp

mlq;fpa kz;zpy; tuk;Grhy; KiwapNyh

rhYld; $ba cah; ghj;jpfspNyh

eLifr;nra;ayhk;. ePh; tbg;G Fiwe;j

kz;zpy; tuk;Grhy; Kiw rpwe;jJ.

ghj;jpfis mikj;j gpd;

n`l;nlaUf;F mbf;fl;Lg; grisahf

A+upah uP.v];.gP> vk;.X.gP vd;gtw;iw

KiwNa 35 fp.fp> 100fp.fpuhk;> 75 fp.fp vd;Dk;

mstpy; fye;J ghj;jpfSf;F ,l;L ed;F

kz;Zld; fye;J tplTk;. Gjpa epyj;jpy;

gaph; nra;tjhapd; mbf;fl;Lg; gris

mtrpakpy;iy. njhlh;e;J epyf;fliy

gaph; nra;ag;gl;l epykhapd; ,urhadg;


gris ,Ltjd; %yk; rpwe;j tpisr;riyg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

yq;fh [k;Ngh th;f;fj;jpw;F

n`f;nlaUf;F 100 fp.fpuhk; tpij Njitg;gLk;.

NjhYld; eLif nra;tjhapd; 130 fp.fp

tpij Njitg;gLk;. Vida th;f;fq;fSf;F

n`f;nlaUf;F 70 fp;.fpuhk; tpij Njitg;gLk;.

eLif ,ilntsp tupirfspw;fpilNa 45

nr.kPw;wh; MtJld; gaph;fspw;fpilahd

,ilntsp 15 nr.kP MFk;. ehw;W gUtj;jpy;

Vw;gLk; gq;fR Neha;fspypUe;J

ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F eLif nra;tjw;F

Kd; xU fpNyhfpuhk; tpijf;F jNahg;gNdw;

kPj;ijy; 50 tPjk;> jpuhk; 30 tPjk; lg;spA.gP

,y; 29 fp.fp fye;J eLif nra;aTk;. tpij

Kisg;gjw;F fpukkhd Kiwapy; ePh;g;ghrdk;

nra;aTk;.

el;L 3 fpoikapy; G+f;f

Muk;gpg;gjhy; mt;Ntis fisfisf;

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjpy; ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

G+f;fj; njhlq;Fk; NghJ KjyhtJ Nkw;fl;Lg;

grisahf n`f;nlaUf;F 30 fp.fpuhk;

A+upahit ,Ltjd; %yk; tpisr;riy

mjpfupj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. G+ cUthf

njhlq;FtjpypUe;J <uypg;ig rpwg;ghf

NgZjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; tpij

kz;Zs; CLUtpr; nry;tjw;F <uypg;G kpf

mtrpakhFk;. kz; mizj;jy; epyf;fliy

nra;ifapy; mt;tsT

mtrpakpy;iynad;whYk; nrbapd; mb

Mzp NtUf;F mbapy; fhzg;gLk; NghJ

mjpfsthd fha;fs; cUthFk;. mWtil

nra;tjw;F mz;kpj;j fhyg;gFjpapy;

ePh;g;ghrdk; nra;jy; mtrpakhFk;. mWtil

nra;tjw;F rupahd fhyg;gFjpia mwpe;J

nfhs;tjw;F Njhl;lj;jpd; vOe;j khdkhf

nrbfisg; gpLq;fpg; ghh;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

70-80 tPjkhd tpijfs; Kjph;r;rpaile;j gpd;

mWtil nra;ayhk;. tpijfs; Kjph;r;rpaile;j

gpd; mjpy; fgppy epwf;NfhLfs; fhzg;gLk;.

rpwe;j guhkupg;gpd; fPo; cah; tpisr;riyg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

epyffliyapy; Neha;g; gPilj;jhf;fk;;

kpfTk; FiwthFk;. ,iyAz;Zk; GO

mOf;fztid fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F rpghupR

nra;ag;gl;l G+r;rpehrpdpiag; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

,iyg;Gs;sp> JU Neha;fSf;F rpghupR

nra;ag;gl;l gq;fR ehrpdpia tprpw Ntz;Lk;.

epyf;fliy nra;iff;F Copah;Njit

XusT mjpfkhFk;. ,jdhy; ,ae;jpuq;fis

mwpKfg;gLj;jy; kpf mtrpakhFk;.

epyg;gz;gLj;jYf;F jl;Lf;fyg;ig> Roy;

fyg;ig vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. tuk;G-

rhy; mikg;gjw;F ehd;F rpy;Y coT

,ae;jpuj;jpy; ,izf;fg;gl;l rhypLk; ,ae;jpuk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mWtil nra;tjw;F

(nrbfisg; gpLq;Ftjw;F) fha;fis

Ntwhf;Ftjw;F> tpijfis Ntwhf;Ftjw;F

etPd ,ae;jpuq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

jw;NghJ ,t; ,ae;jpuq;fs; tptrhapfspilNa

gpugy;akile;Js;sd. tpijfis

Ntwhf;Ftjw;F kpd;idg; gad;gLj;jp ,aq;ff;

$ba ,ae;jpuq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

,jdhy; epyf;fliy nra;ifia

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; ,sk; tptrhapfspd; vz;zpf;if

mjpfupf;Fnkd vjph;ghh;f;fyhk;. rpwe;j

tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F fpukhd

ePh;g;ghrdk; mtrpakhFk; vd;gjhy;

J}ty; ePh;g;ghrd Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jy;

mtrpakhFk;.

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 25

cl;nfhs;s rpwe;j th;f;fkhFk;. vkJ ehl;by;

mjpfsT ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLtJ ngupa

tpijfis cila [k;G gPdl; vd;Dk;

th;f;fkhFk;. 1993Mk; Mz;L vkJ ehl;by;

rpghupR nra;ag;gl;l tsit vd;Dk; th;f;fk;

ngupa tpijfisf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk;

tpisr;riyj; jUtjw;F 41/2 khjq;fs;

nry;tjhy; ,J tptrhapfspilNa mjpfk;

gpugy;akilatpy;iy. mz;ikapy;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l yq;fh [k;Ngh vd;Dk;

th;f;fk; tpisr;riyj; jUtjw;F 3 1/2

khjq;fs; nry;tJld; 2500 fp.fpuhk; -

4400 fp.fp tpisr;riyj; juf;$baJ. ,J

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk;; [k;G gPdl; th;f;fj;ij

xj;jjhf fhzg;gLk;. jw;NghJ NkYk;

Gjpa th;f;fq;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd

Muha;r;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. rpwpa>

eLj;ju> ngupa tpijfis cila

th;f;fq;fs; mq;Fznfhyngy];] Muha;r;rp

epiyaj;jpdhy; rpghupR nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld;

rpwpa tpijfs; nrhf;yl; Nghy;];

cw;gj;jpf;Fk; ngupa tpijfs; [k;G gPdl;

cw;gj;jpf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. czT

cw;gj;jpf;F kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd epyf;fliy

th;f;fq;fs; tpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yk;

epyf;fliy ,wf;Fkjpiaf; Fiwj;J

vkJ ehl;L tptrhapfspw;F ,yhgj;ij

<l;bf;nfhLj;J ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;jpw;F

ifnfhLg;Nghk;

fyhepjp gP.gp.rP.[Ptdp

cjtp tptrhag; gzpg;ghsh; (Muha;r;rp )

mtiu> vz;nza;g; gaph; Muha;r;rp

mgptpUj;jp epiyak;

mq;Fznfhyngy];]

jp];]h> ANKG1 Mfpa th;f;fq;fspy;

%d;W khjq;fspy; tpisr;riyg; ngwyhk;.

jp];]h th;f;fkhdJ kf;fspilNa mjpfk;

gpugy;akhdJ. ,t;tpU th;f;fq;fspypUe;Jk;

n`f;nlaUf;F 2500 fp.fppuhik tpl mjpf

tpisr;riyj; jUk;. ,e;jp th;f;fk; 2500 -

2800 fp.fpuhk; tpisr;riyj; jUtJld; jsph;

mOfYf;F vjph;igf; fhl;Lk; 3 1/2 khj

th;f;fkhFk;. bf;fpup th;f;fk; mtpj;J czthf


,yq;ifapy;; gor;nra;if

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gug;gsT mz;zsthf

11800 n`f;nlah; MFk;. ,jpy; 80

n`f;nlah;fs; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gor;nra;if MFk;.

mjdhy; goq;fspd; tpisr;rYk;> juKk;

Fiwthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F jPh;thf

miktJ th;j;jf uPjpahf gor;nra;ifia

Muk;gpg;gJ MFk;. jw;NghJ ,J

njhlh;ghf mjpf Mu;tk; fhl;lg;gLtJld;

,J njhlh;ghd jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

tptrhapfs; Kd;te;Js;sdh;.

th;j;jf uPjpapy; gor;nra;ifia;

jpl;lkpLtnjd;gJ mij

];jhgpg;gjw;fhfTk;;> guhkupg;gjw;Fkhd

mbg;gilj; jpl;lkply; MFk;. ,t;thwhd

xd;iw jpl;lkpLk; NghJ gy;NtW

fhuzq;fs; midj;Jk;

xNukhjpupahf Kf;fpakhdjy;y. kpf

Kf;fpa fhuzkhf miktJ

tptrhapapd; Nehf;fk; MFk;. tptrhapapd;

Nehf;fk; mjpf ,yhgj;ij

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkdpd;

guhkupg;gpy; fhzg;gLk; f];uq;fis

fUj;jpy; nfhs;shky; gz;izia

mikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy; ,yFthd

guhkupg;G> Fiwe;j nryT vd;gtw;wpy;

ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLkhapd; NtW Kiwapy;

gz;izia jpl;lkply; Ntz;Lk;.

th;j;jfg; gor;nra;ifia

jpl;lkplYk;> ];jhgpj;jYk;;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 27

gz;iz jpl;lkplypd; gpujhd Nehf;fk;

» epyk;> Vida ,aw;if tsq;fis

tpidj;jpwdhf Kfhikj;Jtg;gLj;jy;.

» cr;r #upa Xspia gad;gLj;jp jukhd

mjpf tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;

» jhtuq;fSf;fpilNa Nghriz> ePUf;fhd

Nghl;bia Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;sy;

» fj;jupj;jy;> fha;fis Ijhf;fy;> mWtil

nra;jy;> Neha; gPilf;fl;Lg;ghl;il

,yFthf Nkw;nfhs;sy;

th;j;jf uPjpahd gor;nra;iff;fhd ,lj;ij

njupT nra;jy;

» ,lj;jpd; kz;iz gupNrhjid nra;jy;

mtrpakhFk;. mj;Jld; kz;zpd;

Nghriz> kz;zpd; Mok; njhlh;ghd

jfty;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;'

» kz; fhuzpfs; gapUf;F ngUj;jkhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;;;

» ePh;g; ghrd trjp fhzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;

» re;ijg;gLj;Jk; trjp fhzg;gly;

th;j;jf uPjpahd gor;nra;iff;fhd ,lj;ij

njupT nra;jy;

» ,lj;jpd; kz;iz gupNrhjid nra;jy;

mtrpakhFk;. mj;Jld; kz;zpd;

Nghriz> kz;zpd; Mok;

njhlh;ghd jfty;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

» mj;Jld; kz;zpd; ePh; tbg;Gj; njhlh;ghf

Muha;e;J Njitahd tbf;fhd;

mikg;Gf;fis mikj;Jf;nfhs;Sjy;

Ntz;Lk;.

» ePh;g;ghrdj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;Jk; ePupd; juk;

njhlh;ghf Muha;e;J ghh;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;;

» njupT nra;Ak; gapupd; Nfs;tp> toq;fy;

njhlh;ghd jfty;fisAk; ,jd;

vjph;fhy tpiyj; jsk;gy;fs;

njhlh;ghd jfty;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;sy;

» th;j;jf gaph;r;nra;iff;fhf gad;gLj;Jk;

epyj;jpd; Nghf;Ftuj;J fsQ;rpa trjp

Ntypfis mikj;jy;> Njitf;Nfw;g

tpisr;riyj; njupT nra;jy;>

Rj;jg;gLj;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf trjpfis

Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sy;. Ntz;Lk;

» fhw;W jilfs; mtrpakhapd;

Muk;gj;jpNyNa fhw;Wj; jilfis

mikg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;sy;

gaph;nra;Ak; epyj;ij jpl;lkpLk; NghJ

fPo;tUk; fhuzq;fs; njhlh;ghf tpNrl

mtjhdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

» jhtu mlh;j;jp

» gof;fg;gLj;Jk; Kiw

» gz;izj; jpl;lkply;

» tupirfis mikf;Fk; jpir

,it midj;Jk; vjph;fhyq;fspy;

gaph;nra;ifia elhj;jpr; nry;tjw;F

mtrpakhifahy; Muk;gj;jpNyNa ,J

njhlh;ghf mtjhdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,jpy; gpujhdkhf vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLtJ #upa

xspia kpf tpidj;jpwdhfg; gad;gLj;jp cah;

tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; MFk;.

gaph; mlh;j;jp

,jd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ XuyF

epyg;gug;gpy; fhzg;gLk; ehw;Wf;fspd;

vz;zpf;if MFk;. gaph; mlh;j;jpahdJ

tpisr;rypYk; gaph; guhkupg;gpYk;


Neubahfj; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. mjpf

mlh;j;jpapy; gaph;fis eLif nra;Ak;

NghJ epy tpiuak; Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;.

kuq;fisf; fj;jupj;jy;> gapw;Wtpj;jy;>

ePh;g;ghrdk; nra;jy; vd;gtw;iw rpwg;ghf

Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. MdhYk; fhyj;Jld;

kuq;fs; tsh;r;rpailAk; NghJ mjpf

epoy; fhuzkhf tpisr;ry; FiwtilAk;.

kpfTk; rupahd gaph; mlh;j;jpahdJ kz;zpd;

fl;likg;G> ,ioaikg;G> gaph;

nra;Ak; th;f;fk;> gof;fg;gLj;Jk; Kiw

vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;L jPh;khdpf;fg;gLk;;.

mjpf mlh;j;jpahf eLif nra;Ak;

NghJ Muk;g fhyj;jpy; mjpf

tpsr;riyg; ngw KbtJld; guhkupg;G

eltbf;iffis tpidj;jpwdhf

Nkw;nfhs;syhk;. kuj;jpd; tsh;r;rpf;Nfw;g

tpisr;ry; mjpfupj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

gof;fg;gLj;jy;

nghJthf tptrhapfs; tUlhe;jk;

kuq;fis gof;fg;gLj;Jk; Kiwia

ifahs;tjpy;iy. mjdhy; kuq;fs; xOq;fhd

tbtpy; tsh;r;rp milahjJld; tpisr;rYk;

FiwAk;. xOq;fhf gapw;Wtpj;j kuj;jpy; FWfpa

fhyj;jpy; jukhd tpisr;riyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s

KbtJld; mtw;wpd; tho;f;iff; fhyk;

mjpfkhFk;. gof;fg;gLj;jypd; gpujhd

Nehf;fkhdJ kuj;jpw;F rpwe;j tbtj;ijg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jyhFk;. Kiwahf

gof;fg;gLj;jpa kuj;jpw;F rpwg;ghf #upa

xsp fpilg;gjdhy; mjpf g+f;fs; Njhd;Wk;.

,jdhy; jukhd cah; tpisr;ry; fpilf;Fk;.

mj;Jld; Neha; gPilj;jhf;fk; Fiwthff;

fhzg;gLtJld; Neha;g; gPilj;jhf;fq;fs;

Vw;gl;lhy; ,urhadq;fis tprpWtJ

,yFthFtJld; fhw;wpdhy; ghjg;G FiwthFk;;.

gz;izia ];jhgpj;jy;

gz;izapy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy;

kuq;fis ];jhgpf;Fk; tifapYk;;

rpwe;j tsh;r;rpia ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;

tifapYk; eLifia ,yFthf Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

tifapYk; gz;izia jpl;lkply; Ntz;Lk;.

ehw;Wf;fis eLif nra;tjw;fhf fPo;tUk;

Kiwfis filg;gpbf;fyhk;.

1' rJuKiw (Square system) ,q;F tupirf;FkpilapYk;>

gaph;fSf;F ,ilapYk;; rkkhd ,ilntsp

Ngzg;gLk;. jhtu tpjhdj;ij rPuhf guhkupf;f

KbAk;.

2' nrt;tf Kiw (Rectangle system) ,q;F tupirfspw;fpilahd

,ilntsp ehw;Wf;fspw;fpilNaahd

,ilntspia tpl mjpfkhFk;.

tupirfspw;fpilNa mjpf ,ilntsp

Ngzg;gLtjhy; eLif nra;tJ

,yFthFk;.

3' Kf;Nfhz Kiw (Triangle system) ,q;F Kjy; tupirapy; eLif

nra;ag;gLk; ehw;Wf;fSf;F rup eLtpy; mLj;j

tupirapy; ehw;Wf;fs; elg;gLk;. ,q;F kuq;fs;

xd;Wf;nfhd;W epoy; gLj;JtJ FiwthFk;.

,jdhy; ,k;Kiw kpfr; rpwe;jjhFk;.

4' rkTauf;Nfhl;L Kiw

(Contour system) rkTauf;Nfhl;L Kiwapy; tupirfs;

mikf;fg;gLk;. mjpf rha;thd epyq;fspw;F

,k;Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 29

tupirfis mikf;Fk; jpir

gz;izia mikf;Fk; NghJ

ehw;Wf;fis cr;r #upa xsp

fpilf;Fk; jpirapy; eLif

nra;Jnfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

tupirfis tlf;F - njw;fhf

mikj;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; Ntz;Lk;.

gz;izapd; tpisr;ryhdJ Neubahff;

fpilf;Fk; #upa xspapNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ.

#upa xspahdJ xspj;njhFg;gpYk; G+f;fs;

cUthtjpYk; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

fpilf;Fk; #upa xspahdJ jhtuj;jpd;

tpjhdj;jpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. #upa

xspahdJ jhtuj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpf;F> mjpf

#upa xspAk; eLg;gFjpf;F xusT #upa

xspAk;> cl;Gwk; kpff; Fiwthd #upa

xspAk; fpilf;Fk;.

th;j;jf uPjpahf gaph; nra;tjw;F

nghUj;jkhd gapiu njupT nra;jy;

th;j;jf uPjpahf gor;nra;if

Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ fhyepiy tyaq;fSf;F

nghUj;jkhd gaph;fis njupT nra;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

<utyaj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhd gaph;fs;

» wk;Gl;lhd; - ky;thid tpNrlk;

» J}upahd; - n`huiz [k;Ngh>

fd;ndhWit RtPl;> mk;gnjd;d fRk;

» thio - mk;gd;> nrt;thio> Gsp> rPdp

» md;dhrp

» nfhbj;Njhil

cyh;> ,il tyaq;fSf;F nghUj;jkhd

gaph;fs;

» kh - njhk; <.N[.rp> fWj;jnfhOk;ghd;>

ky;thid

» thio-Nfhopf;$l;L>Gsp>rPdp

» gg;ghrp- n`huiz fyg;gpdk;>nul; Nyb

» nfha;ah- n`huiz [ad;j; GGJ> nul;

[ad;j;

» nfhbj;Njhil

fyhepjp rpNuhkp vjpukhd;d

Nkyjpf tptrhag; gzpg;ghsh;> gog; gaph; Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jp epWtdk;> n`huiz


,yq;ifapy; tptrha capupay;

gy;tifj;jd;ikapy; jhdpaq;fs;> goq;fs;>

kuf;fwpfs;> fpoq;Fg; gaph;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw

cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba rhj;jpaf;$W

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vkJ ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; 46

fhyepiy tyaq;fspYk; gaph; nra;af;$ba

tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. kio tPo;r;rp

gaph;r;nra;ifapy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk;

Vida tpUk;gj;jf;f fhuzpfs; vkf;F

,aw;if je;j nfhilahFk;.

rpwe;j Kfhikj;Jtk; ,d;ikahy;

tUlhe;jk; kuf;fwp> goq;fspy;

mWtilf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,og;G mjpfkhFk;. ,J

25 tPjj;ij tpl mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

rupahd gUtj;jpy; mWtil

nra;ahky; mWtilf;Fg; gpd;dhd gpioahd

ifahSif>Fiwe;j> njhopy;El;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;Jjy; njhopy;El;g mwptpd;ik

Nghd;w fhuzpfspdhy; mWtil ,og;G

kpfTk; cah;thFk;. ehk; gaph; nra;Ak;

gaph;fs; gUtj;jpw;FupajhFk;. ,g; gUtj;jpy;

mtw;wpd; tpisr;ry;; mjpfkhff;

fhzg;gLk;. Nfs;tpia tpl

mjpf tpisr;ry; fhzg;gLtjhy;

tpisr;ry; Nkyjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk;. ,f;

tptrha cw;gj;jpfs; %yk;

Vw;Wkjp re;ijia

ntw;wpnfhs;Nthk;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 31

fhyj;jpy; tpiyahdJ tPo;r;rpailAk;.

,jdhy; tptrhapfSf;F Fiwe;j

tpiyf;Nf nghUl;fis tpw;gid nra;a

NeupLk;. vkJ ehl;by; NghjpasT

fsQ;rpa trjpfs; ,d;ikahy; vkJ

cw;gj;jpfs; tpiuakhjy; mjpfkhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

tpisr;ry; Nkyjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk;

fhyq;fspy; mtw;iw ngWkjp Nrh;j;J

tpw;gid nra;tjd; %yk; mjpf

,yhgj;ijg; ngwyhk;. Vida ehLfspy;

ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfis

Nkw;nfhs;tjpy; mjpf mf;fiw

fhl;Ltijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.

,jd; %yk; mth;fs; cs;SupYk;> Vw;Wkjp

nra;tjd; %yk; ntspehLfspYk; mjpf

gzj;ij <l;bf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.

Mdhy; ek; ehl;by; njhopy;El;g

mwpT etPd njhopy;El;g Kiw ngWkjp

Nrh;f;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfs; njhlh;ghf Nghjpa

mwptpd;ikapdhy; mj;Jiwfspy; gpd;jq;fpa

epiyapNyNa ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.

Mdhy; ,d;W tptrha

cw;gj;jpfisf; nfhz;L cw;gj;jp

nra;af;$ba ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l czT

njhlh;ghf mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

mjpfsT tPzhFk; kuf;fwp> goq;fs;>

fpoq;F Vida tptrha cw;gj;jpfs;

,yq;ifapy; gaph;r;nra;af;$ba

Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijapy; mjpfk; Nfs;tp

fhzg;gLfpd;w gaph;fis njupT nra;J

,jpy; ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l czTfSf;F

mjpfk; Nfs;tp fhzg;gLk; cw;gj;jpfis

Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; mtrpakhFk;.

jw;NghJ fd;ndhWit czT Muha;r;rp

myfpdhy; Njrpa> Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijapy;

mjpf Nfs;tpAila ngWkjp Nrh;;fg;gl;l

cw;gj;jpfs; gy mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

,tw;Ws; kuf;fwpg; goq;fs;> jhdpaq;fs;>

fpoq;Ffs; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J ngWkjp

Nrh;f;fg;gl;l cw;gj;jpfs; gy

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;ifapy;

mjpf gaph; nra;af;$ba cw;gj;jpfspypUe;J

ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;l Vw;Wkjp tha;g;Gf;

fhzg;gLk; rpy cw;gj;jpfs; njhlh;ghf

cq;fSf;Fj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;Nwhk;.

cyh;j;jpa goq;fs;

kh> thio> gg;ghrp> md;dhrp>

tuf;fh vd;gtw;iw cyh;j;Jtjw;fhd

tha;g;Gf;fs; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;

goq;fs; gOf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; NghJ ,tw;iw

rpwg;ghf cyh;j;jp ghJfhf;f KbAk;.

ve;jnthU ,urhadg; nghUisNah>

rPdpiaNah Nrh;f;fhky; cyh;jg;gLk;

goj;Jz;Lfs; ,aw;ifg; goj;Jz;Lfs;

Nghy fhzg;gLtjhy; ,tw;wpw;F Vw;Wkjpr;

re;ijapy; rpwe;j Nfs;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

jha;yhe;jpypUe;J; ,wf;Fkjp nra;Ak;

goj;Jz;Lfspy; mjpf rPdp mlq;fpapUg;gjhy;

,J MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F cfe;jjy;y. ve;jnthU


,urhadgKk; ,d;wp 100% tPjk;

,aw;ifahd goq;fis cyh;j;Jk;

MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F ghJfhg;ghd njhopy;El;gk;

vk;kplk; cs;sJ.

tpahghu uPjpahf ,ij Muk;gpg;gjw;F

Fiwe;jsT %yjdNk Njit. ,jw;F

goq;fis Jz;lhf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; cyh;j;jp

vd;gdNt MFk;. kuj;J}spy; ,aq;ff;$ba

vspa cyh;j;jp> ntw;wpl cyh;j;jp

vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.cah; jukhd

goj;Jz;LfSf;F [Nuhg;gpa> epA+rpyhe;J>

mT];Nuypah Nghd;w ehLfspy;

mjpf Nfs;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

cyh;j;jpa kuf;fwpfs;

jw;NghJ vkJ ehl;by; cyh;j;jp

cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; ghfy;>

GNlhy;> gyh> ty;yhiu> KUq;if ,iy

vd;gtw;Wf;F mjpf Vw;Wkjp tha;g;Gf;fs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. gpshd;r; nra;jy; Nghd;w

,yFthd njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp

goj;Jz;Lfis ,yFthd Kiwapy;

cyh;j;jpf;fnfhs;s KbAk;. cyh;jpa

kuf;fwp cw;gj;jpfSf;F tpNrlkhf ag;ghd;>

mT];Nuypah Nghd;w ehLfspy; mjpf

Nfs;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

KUq;if ,iy> rPj;jh

,iyj;J}s;

jw;NghJ KUq;ifapiy>

rPj;jhapiyj;J}s; vd;gd Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftsT

Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gLtJld; ,ij NkYk;

mjpfupf;f KbAk;. mjpf tpw;wkpd;>

fy;rpak;> xl;rpNaw;wntjpupfs; mlq;fpa

,t;Tw;;gj;jpfSf;F ntsp ehl;Lr;;

re;ijfspy; mjpf Nfs;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

vjph;tUk; fhyq;fspy; NkYk;

,t;Tw;gj;jpfis mjpfupj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.

tprpwp cyh;j;jy; %yk; goq;fs;>

kuf;fwpfis J}shf;Fjy;

vy;yh tifahd goq;fis>

kuf;fwpfis tprpwp cyh;j;jy; %yk;

J}shf;fpf;nfhs;sy; KbAk;. vkJ ehl;by;

gaph;nra;tjw;F mjpf tha;g;Gs;s>

Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijapy; mjpfk; Nfs;tp fhzg;gLk;

cw;gj;jpfis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;. tprpwp cyh;j;jy;

njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Ks;

rPj;jh> kzy; rPj;jh> J}upahd;> ntuspf;fha;>

tuf;fha;> kh> md;dhrp> ghfy;> GNlhy;> fPiu

tiffs; vd;gtw;iw J}shf;fpf; nfhs;syhk;;.

,t;thwhd cw;gj;jpfis mjpf fhyk;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 33

Nrkpj;J itf;f KbtJld; nfhz;L

nry;Yjy;> nghjp nra;jy; vd;gd ,yFthFk;.

,t;Tw;gj;jpfs; [];fpwPk;> Nahfl;>

Ngf;fup cw;gj;jpfSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,t;Tw;gj;jpfs; vkJ ehl;bw;F Gjpjhd

xd;whf ,Ue;j NghJk; Vw;Wkjpr; re;ijapy;

,jw;F mjpf Nfs;tp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Nghj;jypy; milf;fg;gl;l

cw;gj;jpfs; xypt;> gPr;> Nghd;w ntsp ehLfspypUe;J

,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk; Nghj;jypy;

milf;fg;gl;l cw;gjpfis nrhFR

mq;fhbfspy; tpw;gid nra;tijf;

fhzyhk;. ehKk; ,t;thW goq;fis>

kuf;fwpfis Nghj;jypy; milj;J

re;ujg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; cs;Sh;> ntspe;hl;L

re;ijfspy; tpw;gid nra;aKbAk;.

Nghj;jypy; milf;fg;gl;l uk;Gl;lhd;>

ntuypf;fha;> ney;ypf;fha;> ehtw;;g;gok;>

gpspQ;rp> tuf;fha; Nghd;w goq;fSk;

KUq;if> nfhapiy> ghfy;> Rz;lf;fha;

Nghd;w kuf;fwpfSf;Fk; uh[my>

`pq;Fuy> nfhl;bf;fpoq;F Nghd;w fpoq;F

tiffSk; ,yq;ifah; thOk;

ntspehLfspy; mjpf Nfs;tp

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. goq;fSf;F rPdp fiurYk;>

kuf;fwpfSf;F cg;Gf;fiurYk;> Nrh;j;J

Nghj;jypy; milj;jy; kpf ,yFthd

xd;whFk;.

vspikahd njopy; El;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba

Fiwe;j nrytpy; cw;gj;jp

nra;af;$ba rpwe;j Nfs;tpiaAila

cw;gj;jpfs; rpyNt ,q;F

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk; goq;fs;>

kuf;fwpfs;> jhdpaq;fs;> fpoq;F tiffs;

vd;gtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp ngWkjp Nrh;f;fg;gl;;l

cw;gj;jpfs; gy tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. gUtj;jpy;

Nkyjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk; tptrha

cw;gj;jpfs; njhlh;ghf mjpf ftdk;

nrYj;JtJ fhyj;jpd; NjitahFk;. ,J

njhlh;ghd Nkyjpf jfty;fis tptrhaj;

jpizf;fsj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

vr;.Mh;.gp.gpudhe;J - gpujhd cj;jpNahfj;jh;

czT Muha;r;rp myF>fd;ndUWit

ed;wp

rdj; vk;. gz;lhu

cjtp tptrha gzpg;ghsh;

Clf njhlh;GgLj;jy; - tptrhaj; jpizf;fsk;


Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

kz;> ePh; Mfpa ngWkjp kpf;f

,aw;if tsq;fis kpff; ftdkhfTk;

tpidj;jpwdhfTk; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;

Nkyjpf czTg; gaph; gaph;r;nra;ifapy;

cw;gj;jpia mjpfupf;f KbAk;.

,jw;fhf vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?

» jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; njhopy;El;g

Kiwia fhyj;jpw;Nfw;whw; Nghy

Kd;Ndw;wp gad;gLj;jy;

» etPd njhopy;El;g Kiwfis

filg;gpbj;jy;

» ntspehl;ltu;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; njhopy;El;g

Kiwfis vkJ ehl;bw;F Vw;whw; Nghy

khw;wp gad;gLj;jy;

» jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk;> vjph;fhyj;jpy;

cUthFnkd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk;

gpur;rpidfSf;F nghUj;jkhd

njhopy;El;g Kiw njhlh;ghf

gupNrhjidfis Nkw;nfhz;L

mtw;wpypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;

ngWNgWfis Njhl;lj;jpy; nraw;gLj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

Nkyjpf czTg; gaph;r;nr

a;ifapy; etPdg;gLj;jYf;fhf

kz;> ePh; Kfhikj;Jt njhopy;El;g

Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;JNthk;

kyh; 56 - ,jo; 04 35

vk;kplk; fhzg;gLk; ntw;wpfukhd

ngWNgWfs;

kz;> ePiu tpidj;jpwdhf gad;gLj;jp

kpsfha;> ntq;fhak; Nghd;w gpujhd

Nkyjpf czTg; gaph;r;nra;ifapd;

cw;gj;jpia mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F Jsp

ePh;g;ghrdk;> J}ty; ePh;g;ghrdk; Nghd;w

Ez; ePh;g;ghrd Kiwfspd; fPo; gy;NtW

gupNrhjidfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJld;

mjpy; fPo;tUk; rhjdq;fis

xUq;fpize;J gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; kpfTk;

rpwe;j njhopy;El;gf; fl;lis

eph;khzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Ez; ePh;g;ghrdj; njhFjpapd; Vida

cs;sPLfs;"

1. Nrjdg;nghUl;fspd; gad;ghL -

n`f;nlaUf;F 15 njhd; khl;nlU

gad;gLj;jy;

2. %L gil ,ly; - n`f;nlaUf;F 15 njhd;

itf;Nfhy; gad;gLj;jy;

3. Jsp ePh;g;ghrd njhFjpapd;; ePUld;

,urhadg; gris ,ly;

4. Ez; Nghrizfis gad;gLj;jy;

5. mjpf tpisr;riyj; jUk; th;f;fq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jy;

,t; njhopy;El;gf;

fl;lisia gad;gLj;Jtjdhy;

Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs;

» cah; tpisr;ry;

- fyg;gpd kpsfha; th;f;fj;jpy;

n`f;nlaUf;F 45 njhd;id tpl mjpf

tpisr;ry;

- ngupa ntq;fha cs;Sh; th;f;fq;fs;

n`f;nlaUf;F 45 njhd;id tpl mjpf

tpisr;ry;

- Nkw;gug;G ePh;g;ghrdj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk;

ePupy; 50-70% tPjk; NghJkhdJ

- ePh;g;ghrdj;jpw;fhf Njitg;gLk;

rpukk;> vupnghUs; nryitf;

Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

- fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F Njitahd

rpukk; FiwthFk;.


jw;NghJ> vjph;fhyj;jpd; kz;> ePh;

Kfhikj;Jt njhopy;El;g Kiw

» ePh;g;ghrdj;jpw;fhd rf;jpia

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F #upa rf;jpiag;

gad;gLj;jy;.

» tpidj;jpwidAk;> tpisr;riyAk;

mjpfupj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd jd;dpaf;f

ePh;g;ghrdj; njhFjpia gad;gLj;jy;

» rupahf tpidj;jpwdhd jfty;fisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F njhiy czh;T

Kiwfis gad;gLj;jy;.

» ntspehLfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kz;>

ePh; Kfhikj;Jt Kiwfis vkJ

gaph; Kfhikj;Jt fl;lisia gad;gLj;Jtjdhy; fpilf;Fk; nghUshjhu

uPjpahd ed;ikfspd; rhuhk;rk; fPo; tUk;ml;ltizapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gaph; tplak;

gaph; Kfhikj;Jt fl;lisia

Nkw;gug;G ePh;g;

ghrdk;

nrhl;L ePh;g;

ghrdk;

Jhty; ePh;g;

ghrdk;

kpsfha;

tpisr;ry; (n`f;nlaUf;F fpNyhfpuhk;) 20,000 45,000 45,000tpiy (fpNyhfpuhk; &gh) 100.00 100.00 100.00nryT (n`f;nlaUf;F &gh) 727,306.00 1,102,294.00 1,023,254.00tUkhdk; (n`f;nlaUf;F &gh) 2,000,000.00 4,500,000.00 4,500,000.00,yhgk; (n`f;nlaUf;F &gh) 1,272,694.00 3,397,706.00 3,476,746.00cw;gj;jpr; nryT (fpNyhfpuhk; &gh) 36.36 24.50 22.74Nkyjpfr; nryTf;fhf fpilf;Fk;

Nkyjpf tUkhd tpfpjhrhuk; - 5.67 7.45

ntq;fhak;

tpisr;ry; (n`f;nlaUf;F fpNyhfpuhk;) 17,000 45,000 35,000tpiy (fpNyhfpuhk; &gh) 58.00 58.00 58.00nryT (n`f;nlaUf;F &gh) 691,361.00 1,166,648.00 1,075,199.00tUkhdk; (n`f;nlaUf;F &gh) 986,000.00 2,610,000.00 2,030,000.00,yhgk; (n`f;nlaUf;F &gh) 294,639.00 1,443,352.00 954,801.00cw;gj;jpr; nryT (fpNyhfpuhk; &gh) 40.67 25.92 30.72Nkyjpfr; nryTf;fhf fpilf;Fk;

Nkyjpf tUkhd tpfpjhrhuk; - 2.42 1.72

#oypf;Nfw;whw; Nghy khw;wpaikj;J

gad;gLjJjy;.

» fzzp kakhf;fg;gl;l Kiwfis

gad;gLj;jy;

» twl;rpiaAk;> mjpf kioiaAk; jhq;fp

tsuf;$ba gaph; th;f;fq;fis

cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F fU%yts

nghwpapay; njhopy;El;gj;ijg;

gad;gLj;Jjy;.

M.h; vr;.rP. ngNuuh

cjtp tptrhahg; gzpg;ghsh;(Muha;r;rp)

taw; gaph; Muha;r;rp mgptpUj;jp epWtdk;

fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; - doa.gov.lk · fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; tptrha mikr;R> tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; xU...

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Transcript of fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; - doa.gov.lk · fkj;njhopy; tpsf;fk; tptrha mikr;R> tptrhaj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; xU...