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#339 (398) 10-17 noemberi 2015 saxalxo moZraoba „samegrelos“ organo 30 TeTri

E-mail: [email protected]

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efeb!

flmftjbt

npxzwfujmj

jfsvtbmjnjt

xnjoeb!

tbmpdbwfcj

ukanaskneli cnobebimosamarTle Tamaz urTmeliZem saqmeze, _ “qibar xalvaSi

rusTavi 2-is winaaRmdeg”, ganCineba 5 noembers gamoqveyna, ris sa-

fuZvelzec nika gvaramias da kaxa damenias uflebamosileba

SeuCerdaT.

ganCinebaSi urTmeliZe mexuTe muxlSi miuTiTebs, rom “Sps

samauwyeblo kompania rusTavi 2-is droebiT mmarTvelad dainiSnos

daviT dvali da revaz sayevariSvili”. dvalma da sayevariSvilma

uflebamosilebis ganxorcieleba 5 noembridan unda daiwyon.

sasixaruloa, rom nacebis terariumad qceuli telearxi “rus-

Tavi-2” ganTavisuflda (imedia _ samudamod) znedacemuli daS-

nakebis marwuxebisagan!

movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTarebis Taobaze informaciebs mo-

gawvdiT Cveni gazeTis momdevno nomrebSi.

svaneTis rkinis qalaqi

_ qristemde

ramdenime saukuniT

adrindeli

metalurgiuli

saxelosnos

naSTebi

nbnbouj![b[bnjb-!djsb![b[bnjb;

Zalian mokled Cvens saenaTmecniero naSromebSiwarmoCenili siaxleebis

Sesaxeb

lpotuboujof

lbqbofmj

)Xbouvsbjb*;!

sfoftbotj

mjufsbuvsbTj

gv.7

gv. 5

rogorc dante aligieria florenciis kulturis RviZliSvili, ise rusTaveli saqarTvelos kulturis RviZliSvilia. sityva “Svili” aq niSnavs ara fizikurad dabade-buls, aramed sulierad Sobils mTeli warsuliT, misi is-toriuli gansacdelebiT da saqmeebiT...

gv.3

gazeT “iloris” avtorTa

sayuradRebod!Cvengan damoukidebeli da gaurkveveli mizeze-

bis gamo moxda gazeTis veb-gverdis dablokva,

ris mizezadac saitis administracia asaxelebs

unebarTvo SeRwevis mcdelobas.

aRniSnulis gamo Seicvala Cveni eleqtro-

fostis misamarTi da 2015 wlis 28 oqtombridan

igi iqneba:

[email protected]

gTxovT gaiTvaliswinoT aRniSnuli garemoeba

`ft!bsjt!brtjpnb-!

spnfmtbd!nUfmj

bn!xmfcjt!

hbonbwmpcbTj

Tfwbseob[f

nbmbweb!eb

bnbt!bhs[fmfct

tbblbTwjmj~ gv.2

azerbaijanuli

gazi _ 240

dolari,

rusuli _ 200,

iranuli _ 400gv .2

...megruli ena rom gadaSenebuliyo, kacobrioba samudamod

dakargavda enis warmoSobis sakiTxis Seswavlis SesaZle-

blobas da saganTa universaluri samyaros Sesaxeb adamianuri

codnis udides arsenals.

megruli da sxva qarTveluri (ufro zustad, iafeturi)

enebis dacva ara mxolod am enebis matarebeli xalxebis,

aramed msoflios xalxebis, mTeli kacobriobis wmindaTa

wminda movaleobaa... gv.11

ilori2 10-17 noemberi 2015

`es aris aqsioma, romelsac mTeli am wlebis ganmavlobaSiSevardnaZe malavda da amas agrZelebs saakaSvili~

daibeWda gazeTSi `alia~, 2008

wlis ivlisSi (2214) 26-28_ batono aleqsandre, ra xdeba dRes

qarTul opoziciaSi, mxedvelobaSi maqvsprocesi, roca ZaRli patrons vercnobs. an ra unda gaakeTos saakaSvilma,ra wyals misces Tavi, roca ruseTiserT-erTi gavleniani persona, polito-logi markovi pirdapir gvicxadebs, _`vivaWroT yvelaferze, soxumisa dacxinvalis garda~. ra aris es, ras niS-navs?

_ absoluturad darwmunebuli var,rom ruseTi araviTar rols ar Tama-Sobs opoziciis saqmianobaSi. saakaS-vilisa da saqarTvelos dRevandelimdgomareoba ki me im kacis ambavs ma-gonebs, romelic ufskrulSi aRmoCndada imis nacvlad, rom maRla amovides,miwis Txra daiwyo, miwaSi kidev ufroCasaZromad. Tu vinmes hgonia, rom sa-qarTvelos xelisuflebis am ucnaursaqmianobaSi ruseTis xeli unda veZe-boT, sasaciloa. markovi aris dumisCveulebrivi deputati. markovs aqvsTavisi geopolitikuri mosazrebebi,romlis propagandasac is eweva. mar-kovis msgavsi Sexedulebebi aqvT dumisdeputatebis garkveul nawils, magramruseTSi dumis deputatebi politikurgadawyvetilebas ver iReben. ruseTSipolitikur gadawyvetilebas iRebendRevandeli premier-ministri _ putini,prezidenti _ medvedevi da kidev ram-denime adamiani uSiSroebis sabWodan,romlebic kviraSi erTxel, kviraobiTikribebian da sagareo Tu saSinao po-litikis sakiTxebs ixilaven.

_ grizlovi, baburini, mironovi...romlebic TavianTi antiqarTuli ga-mosvlebiT `brwyinaven~, e.i. kremlSipolitikur aminds ver qmnian?

_ ara, ara... duma am saqmeSi araviTarrols ar TamaSobs da gadawyvetilebassul sxva adgilas, sul sxva xalxiiRebs. bevrjer miTqvams da axlac vi-meoreb, rodesac saqarTvelos xeli-sufleba darwmundeba dRevandeli po-litikuri gezis uperspeqtivobasa dakraxSi da ruseTTan daapirebs urTi-erTobis normalizebas, saqarTvelomdro ar unda dakargos dumasTan ur-TierTobiT da iq deputatTa misiebisuTavbolo gagzavniT, efeqturi poli-tikisTvis saWiro iqneba pirdapirisaubrebi kremlis pirvel pirebTan.

_ batono aleqsandre, 21 maisis sa-parlamento arCevnebis Semdeg saakaS-vili gamovida da Cemda gasakvirad ga-nacxada, _ ruseTis gareSe, afxazeTidaiviwyeTo. bolos da bolos, gamage-bineT, ra xdeba?

_ is, rac saakaSvilma Tqva, absolu-turi WeSmaritebaa da aqsiomaa. esaris is, razec amerikelebi da evrope-lebi gvelaparakebian. meti raRa gindaT,roca `niqsonis centris~ direqtori _dimitri saimsi pirdapir gvicxadebs, _an SemodixarT natoSi uafxazeTod,anda, ar SemodixarT. me ver gavige,meti raRa unda giTxran da raRa undamiganiSnon. diax, es aris aqsioma, ro-melsac mTeli am wlebis ganmavlobaSiSevardnaZe malavda da amas agrZelebssaakaSvili. saakaSvilis kiserze ariyo afxazeTis omis sisxli da mashqonda SesaniSnavi Sansi, rom afxazeTisproblema daeregulirebina, magram dReses Sansi aqvs mxolod erT SemTxvevaSi,_ man unda daarwmunos amerikeli ku-ratorebi, rom saqarTvelo ar SeiZlebaiyos natos baza, rom Cven am SemTxvevaSiviRupebiT, rom Cven afxazeTs davkar-gavT.

_ ki, magram natoSi Tu SevediT,ubazod vin dagvtovebs?

_ ai, amaSia swored saqme, natoSiSesvlaze uazro laparaks Tavi undagavaneboT. metsac getyviT, Zalian didiaJiotaJi iyo CvenTan wina kviras atex-ili, rom Turme Cveni ZalisxmeviT mi-vaRwieT imas, rom evropa aqtiuradCaerTo afxazeTis konfliqtis dareg-ulirebis saqmeSi, rom Camovida ger-maniis sagareo saqmeTa ministri Stain-maieri da a.S. sinamdvileSi es iyolavrovis winadadeba. lavrovma ruseT-Tan daaxloebuli ori ZiriTadi evrop-uli qveynis _ germaniisa dasafrangeTis sagareo uwyebis xelmZR-vanelebs SesTavaza, _ evropaSi xSiradismis, rom Tu afxazeTSi rusis jariar iqneba, konfliqti afxazeTSi amoi-wureba. CabrZandiT soxumSi da daarw-muneT afxazebi am sityvebis siswore-Sio. Camovida Stainmaieri da mixvda,rom afxazeTSi ruseTis gareSe araferigamova. seqtemberSi, roca safrangeTissagareo saqmeTa ministri Camova, isicamasve mixvdeba da dekemberSi, natosministerialze, roca Cven mapi undamogvcen, rogorc erTi, aseve meore min-

istri daskvnaSi Cawers, _ afxazeTSiaris feTqebadsaSiSi situacia da natosar SeuZlia am tvirTis zidva. maps armogvcemen da kargia, rom ar mogvcemen,radgan, rogorc ki saqarTvelo mapsmiiRebs, afxazeTis dabrunebis Soreulimedsac ki unda gamovemSvidoboT.

_ TbilisSi aqtiurad saubroben,rom rusebma SeiZleba kodoris xeobasdaartyan.

_ ara mgonia, rom konfliqtur zoneb-Si uaxloes momavalSi samxedrodapirispireba daiwyos, radgan aravisinteresebSi axla es ar Sedis.

_ keTili... maS ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZ-leba ganaxldes afxazeTSi an samaCab-loSi sisxlisRvra?

_ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saakaSvili ame-rikelebis rCeviT wava provokaciaze,daRvris sisxls da mere ganacxadebs,_ ruseTTan Cven ver viomebT, amitomaxla SevideT natoSi da mere natoCven teritoriebs dagvibrunebso. TuaseTi suleluri idea vinmes TavSimouva da mas ganaxorcielebs, is xomsamudamod mtrad Seva saqarTvelosistoriaSi, xolo qveynisTvis es iqnebaarnaxuli katastrofa.

_ gasagebia... afxazeTis problema2014 wlis soWis olimpiadamde gadawy-deba, Tu es iqneba grZelvadiani moqme-debis naRmi kavkasiaSi, rogorc CeCneTi,CrdiloeT irlandia, baskeTi, taivanida a.S.?

_ saqarTvelo Tu ar wavida radika-lur nabijebze, Tu pirdapiri molapa-rakebebi ar daiwyo ruseTis prezi-dentTan da im xalxTan, vinc rusulpolitikas qmnis, Tu ar daiwyo dialogiafxazebTan da CrdiloeT kavkasiisrespublikebTan, ai, aseTi urTulesikompleqsuri muSaoba Tu ar daviwyeT,afxazeTis dabrunebis saqmeSi aravi-Tari perspeqtiva ar gveqneba da vilo-coT unda, rom olimpiadamde da olim-piadis Semdeg afxazeTSi is situaciadakonservdes, rac dRes aris. CvenimTavari amocana unda iyos is, rom ru-seTi ar wavides imaze, rac mas ar unda,misi geopolitikuri amocana ar aris,_ saqme exeba afxazeTis aRiarebas.amis aqtiuri lobi aris dRes moskovSi,magram is ramdenime kaci, romlebickremlSi gadawyvetilebebs iReben dacota Sors ixedebian, amboben, _ afxa-zeTis aRiareba ar Sedis Cvens stra-

tegiul interesSio. Cven amiT unda vi-sargebloT.

_ keTili... ras elis aleqsandre Wa-Wia qarTuli opoziciisgan da ra mox-deba seqtemberSi?

_ seqtemberSi arafers veli da ispolitikuri speqtri, romlis imedicxalxs hqonda, faqtobrivad, daSlilia.opoziciis am ganlagebiT, kombinaciaTada opoziciis liderTa qceviT saakaS-vils araviTari safrTxe ar emuqreba,magram darwmunebuli var, Camoyalibdebaaxali opoziciuri Zala axali lide-riT.

_ da vin iqneba es lideri?

_ ar vici...

_ sxvaTa Soris, aris saubrebi, romopozicia saakaSvilis winaaRmdeg isevapirebs Tavisi politikuri jokerisirakli oqruaSvilis amoqmedebas. raperspeqtiva SeiZleba hqondes mas?

_ roca axali politikuri ZalisCamoyalibebaze vsaubrob, mxedvelobaSimaqvs inteleqtualuri, boRmisgan dac-lili opoziciuri Zala, romelic au-cileblad gamoCndeba. Tu qveyana imgziT wavida, rom visac saakaSvili eC-xubeba da gamoagdo, aucileblad isunda gaxados prezidentad, saqarTvelosaraferi eSveleba. ufiqria vinmes imaze,Tu ra gansxvavebaa saakaSvilsa da oq-ruaSvils Soris? mgoni, araferi!

axla erT ramesac getyviT. ruseTisaqarTvelosTan dakavSirebul prob-lemebs ixilavs da wyvets amerikasTanurTierTobaSi. ruseTs ar sWirdebazedmeti tvirTi, radgan principul sa-kiTxebs ruseTi da amerika erTmaneTSiyovelTvis gadawyveten. ruseTis saga-reo saqmeTa ministris erT-erTma mo-adgilem miTxra, rom mas ramdenimeTvis win daureka kondoliza raisismoadgilem _ deniel fridma da afrikiserT-erT qveyanasTan mimarTebaSi ru-seTis mxardaWera sTxova. oRond amsaqmeSi damexmareT da Tuki saqarTve-loSi raime problema gaqvT, meTiubraizas saswrafod TbilisSi gavgzavnida rogorc Tqven gindaT, yvelafersise gaakeTebso, uTqvams frids ruseTissagareo saqmeTa ministris moadgi-lisTvis... ai, aseTia realuri viTarebada saqarTelom da misma xelisuflebam

realobas unda gausworos Tvali.

esaubra dito CubiniZe

azerbaijanuli gazi _ 240 dolari, rusuli _ 200, iranuli _ 400mTavroba rusuli gazis importis

paralelurad, iranuli gazis dabeve-

bazec iwyebs fiqrs. ramdenad sain-

teresoa iranisTvis saqarTvelos

bazari, es sxva sakiTxia, Tanac, iranuli

gazis saqarTveloSi transportire-

bisTvis Sesabamisi infrastruqturac

ar aris. sabolood, yvelaferi mainc

bunebrivi airis fass ukavSirdeba. am-

Jamad 1000 kb/m azerbaijanuli (komer-

ciuli) gazis fasi 240 dolaria,

rusulis _ 200 dolari, xolo iran-

ulis _ 400 dolari.

rogorc gazeTi “rezonansi” wers,

mTavroba amtkicebs, rom bazris di-

versificirebisTvis marto rusul

gazze ar keTdeba aqcenti da isini

molaparakebebs gamarTaven iranTanac.

energetikis ministri kaxa kalaZe noem-

bris Sua ricxvebSi iranSi vizits

gegmavs da ambobs, rom amis Semdeg

gaxdeba cnobili, ramdenad SesaZlebe-

li iqneba iranuli airis importi.“Tqven iciT, rom dReisTvis am qveyanas-Tan aris gansxvavebuli midgoma. isresursi, romelic irans gaaCnia, maqsi-malurad unda gamoviyenoT. Cvenuaxloes momavalSi, noembris Sua

ricxvebSi, vgegmavT molaparakebas.maSin gamoCndeba, ramdenad SesaZlebe-

lia bunebrivi airis importi”, _

ganacxada kalaZem.

eqspremieri biZina ivaniSvili ki

ambobs, rom piradad aris CarTuli

iranidan gazis Semotanis sakiTxSi.

igi “gazpromTan” molaparakebaSi

cuds verafers xedavs, vinaidan biz-

nesmenebs ufro meti arCevanis Sesa-

Zlebloba eqnebaT. “Cven bizness undamivceT ufleba, rom gazi sadac

moesurvebaT, iq iyidon. Tuki bazariiqneba Tavisufali, amaSi cudi arafe-ria. Cven unda gvqondes arCevissaSualeba, vcdilobT da mecvaqtiurob, rom iranuli gazic Semo-vides saqarTvelos teritoriaze,” _

ganacxada ivaniSvilma.

energetikis ministris informaciiT,

jerjerobiT “gazpromTan” detalebi

SeTanxmebuli ar aris. savaraudod,

rusul energogigantTan SeTanxmeba

wlis bolomde moxerxdeba. “kidev erTi

samuSao Sexvedra Sedga italiaSi. jer-jerobiT SeTanxmeba miRweuli ar aris.isev mimdinareobs molaparakeba.saubaria tranzitis moculobis gazr-daze. Sesabamisad, Cven gvinda meti Se-mosavali miviRoT da damatebiT mivceT

SesaZlebloba komerciul struq-turebs, Semoitanon bunebrivi airi

saqarTvelos gavliT”, _ aRniSna ener-

getikis ministrma.

eqsperti gia xuxaSvili miiCnevs, rom

iranuli bunebrivi airis importze

saubari naadrevia. TeiranisTvis

saqarTveloSi gazis gayidvas ekonomiku-

rad maSin eqneba azri, Tuki didi mocu-

lobis tranziti ganxorcielda.

amisTvis ki, somxeTsa da irans Soris

damakavSirebeli gazsadenis paralelu-

rad, axali mili unda Caidos. “Tukiiqneba axali satranzito magistrali,SeiZleba aseTi proeqtis ganxilvac,magram es aris sakmaod grZelvadianiprograma. axlo perspeqtivaSi ver vxedavSanss, Tumca am mimarTulebiT fiqri

sainteresoa”, _ ambobs gia xuxaSvili

da dasZens, rom iranidan gazis Semotana

SeiZleba mxolod “svop meTodiT”, anu

somxeTma arsebuli miliT unda miiRos

saqarTvelosTvis gankuTvnili odenobis

iranuli gazi da gadacvalos misTvis

gankuTvnil rusul gazze. “nebismiersxva SemTxvevaSi, ubralod, ar arsebobsinfrastruqtura, romelic iranul gazsSemoitans saqarTveloSi. mikvirs essakiTxi ratom gaxda aqtualuri. ratomar gvakmayofilebs azerbaijanuli gazi

da ratom veZebT problemas? ase vTqvaT,politikurad yvelaze Tavisufali gazi,

yvelaze kargi pirobebiT gvaqvs azer-baijanidan”, _ ambobs xuxaSvili.

rac Seexeba fass. saqarTvelo azer-

baijanisgan e. w. socialur gazs 189

dolarad yidulobs, komerciuli gazis

fasi 240 dolaria. rac Seexeba rusul

airs, 2016 wels “gazpromi” evropas 1000

kb/m gazs 200 dolarad miawvdis,

ukrainas _ 146 dolarad, am droisTvis

ukraina rusul gazs 227 dolarad

yidulobs. somxeTisTvis ki rusuli

gazis safasuri 209 dolaridan 165

dolaramde daiwevs. aq gasaTval-

iswinebelia is, rom somxeTis gazga-

manawilebel qsels mTlianad “gazpro-

mi” akontrolebs da somxeTis gazga-

manawilebel kompanias “gazprom somx-

eTi” marTavs. iranuli gazis fasi

SedarebiT Zviria, Tumca am qveyanas ar

aqvs infrastruqtura, rom sakuTari

resursis farTo realizacia SeZlos.

amJamad irani TurqeTs 1000 kb/m-s

daaxloebiT 400 dolarad awvdis da

stambuli 25%-ian fasdaklebas moiTx-

ovs.

msoflio bankis monacemebiT,

msoflios bunebrivi airis 18 procenti

iranze modis, ruseTze _ 17 procenti,

yatarze ki _ 13 procenti.

maka xaraziSvili

ilori 310-17 noemberi 2015

renesansi literaturaSi

aTonis mTaze bevri monasteria, maTSoris berZnuli, rusuli, bulgaruli,serbuli, ruminuli, aris skiti, senakida kalivi (dayudebul meudabnoeTasamyofeli). naxevarkunZulze mon-azvnebis garda aravinaa da saukuneebiaasea. daaxloebiT aTasi welia, iq qalsfexi ar daudgams (mdedrobiTi sqesiscxovelebsac ki ekrZalebaT iq asvla).

wminda mTas yovladwmida RvTism-Soblis meore da umTavres wilxvedrsuwodeben. mravali saukunea, am mTazeqalis asvla akrZalulia. gadmocemiT,romis imperator konstantine plakidascolma aTonze asvla gadawyvita.meuRlis Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg,plakida aTonze vatopedis monasterSimivida, magram zecidan mrisxane xma mo-isma, romelic ubrZanebda, saswrafoddaetovebina yovladwmida RvTismSob-lis savane.

aTonis maxlobel qalaq uranopo-lisis mkvidrni imis Sesaxeb hyvebian,Tu rogor uWris gzas uxilavi ZalaaTonis mTisken mimaval qalebs. magal-iTad, micuravs meTevzeTa navi, romelzecZmebi dasTan erTad arian. qaliSvilmaaTonis mTasTan misvla iTxova, magramrogorc ki navidan gadmovida, ferdo-bidan qvebma daiwyo cvena. SeSinebulmamenaveebma swrafad gacures zRvaSi.arc koRoebis Tavdasxmaa gamoricxuli.amis mxilveli arc erTi qali aRarmoisurvebs, rom wminda miwaze fexidaadgas, sadac aTasi wlis gan-mavlobaSi qalTagan mxolod yovlad-wmida RvTismSobeli imyofeboda.

1941 wels Rirsi petre aTonelis ke-

liidan beri gaqra. Tavis or morCilsuTxra, rom kunZul samosze midioda,magram mis kvals versad miagnes, vercmkvdari ipoves da verc cocxali.

daaxloebiT 1984 wels iveriis skitiskeliidanac gaqra beri sergi, friadRvTivsaTno, mdumare da qvelmoqmedimoRvawe. misi keliis kari didi xnisganmavlobaSi Ria iyo.

“vatopedis monastris keliidan gaqraagreTve beri neqtariosi, igi verccocxali ipoves da verc mkvdari, _wers beri vlasi, _ da kidev ori beri_ nikodimosi qsenofontis skitidanda martiniani kapasalidan; da vercmaT kvals miagnes sadme”.berebi am gaqrobas aTonis sxva did

saidumlos ukavSireben _ e.w. “uxilavmosagreebs”. wmida mTaze aseTi Tq-mulebac arsebobs: rodesac vinmeikargeba, amboben: igi “uxilavmamosagreebma” waiyvaneso.vin arian “uxilavi mosagreebi”? am

sakiTxze sxvadasxva mosazreba arse-bobs. erTni varaudoben, Zveli wmin-danebi arian, romlebic odesRac moR-vaweobdnen wminda mTaze, axla ki xalxsecxadebian. meoreni sawinaaRmdegosamtkiceben, TiTqos isini TanamedrovemoRvaweebi arian, romlebic aTonisuSores da miudgomel gamoqvabulebSicxovroben, samyarosgan gancalkevebiT,raTa ganuwyvetlad myofobdnen RmerT-Tan. isini “uxilavni” imitom gaxdnen,rom sxva SemTxvevaSi maTi gamoqvab-ulebi ara mxolod keTilkrZalulimonazvnebiT gaivseboda, aramed cno-bismoyvare ucxoeli turistebiTac.

Zveli gardmocema gvamcnobs, romXIX saukunis dasawyisSi ucnobmosagreebs TavisTan Rebulobda beriqristofori ianakopulis kalividan.“uxilavi mosagreebi” misgan qristeswmida saidumloebebs eziarebodnen.

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, “uxilavimosagreebi” Svidni iyvnen. isini aTonisgamoqvabulSi cxovrobdnen. rodesacerT-erTi maTgani gardaicvleboda daeqvsni rCebodnen, maSin raRac saidumlosaxiT mTidan modioda sxva saTnoberi, ikavebda gaTavisuflebul adgilsda isini kvlav Svidni xdebodnen”.1835 wels aTonis mTaze ramdenime

monadire ucnob, moxuc bers Sexvda,romelTanac isaubres. man monadireebsuTxra, rom masTan erTad gamoqvabulSikidev eqvsi Rrmadmoxuci beri cx-ovrobda. rodesac monadireebma amisSesaxeb wmida anas skitSi myofTmouTxres, adgilobrivma berebma sagza-li aiRes da ucnob mosagreTa saZeb-nelad gaemarTnen, magram veravis mi-agnes.

erT libanels aTonze asvla surda,magram gza daebna da viRac ucnobbers Sexvda, romelic mas leRviT gau-maspinZlda. rodesac amis Sesaxeb wmin-da anas skitSi myofT uambo, berebiucnobi moRvawis saZebnelad wavidnen,magram veravin naxes.

kvi prosis kikosis monastrisberdiakoni efremi erTxel, aTonismTaze yofnis dros, dionisiatismonastridan wminda pavles monasterSimidioda da bilikze ucnob moRvawesSexvda. isini SeCerdnen, erTmaneTs

miesalmnen da saubari daiwyes. ucnobimosagre Zveli kabiT iyo Semosili,grZeli wveri ki qamarSi hqonda Cataneb-uli. axalgazrda kviproselma ram-denime SekiTxva dausva ziarebisSesaxeb. berma mas upasuxa. SemdegTiToeuli Tavis gzaze wavida. ram-denime nabijis gavlis Semdeg efremimobrunda, raTa kidev erTxel Seexedamoxuci berisaTvis, magram mxolodveluri buCqebi da carieli bilikidainaxa.

cnobili moRvawe beri paisi aToneliagreTve ambobda, rom aTonze arcTucota ucnobi wminda beria, romlebicxalxs TavianT adgil-samyofelsumalaven.

“nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Tuki “uxilavimoRvaweni” marTlac arseboben, _ wersberi vlasi, _ mTeli samyaro undaxarobdes, rameTu maTi locviT SeCere-bulia RvTis samarTliani risxva (Cvenicodvebis gamo) adamianTa modgmaze”.Znelia “uxilav mosagreebze”, aTonis

mTis udides saidumloze raime Tqva,marTlac arian Tu ara isini, es mxolodyovlismxilvelma ufalma uwyis. sam-agierod, darwmunebiT SeiZleba iTqvas,rom XX saukuneSi wminda mTaze erTiberi moRvaweobda, romelic Tavisi si-wmindiT aTonelTaTvis WeSmaritad iyo“uxilavi mosagre”, magram aTonelimamebi ver xedavdnen amas. igi yvelasCveulebriv mSromel berad miaCnda, iski locviT im wminda mamebs miemsgavsada ufals mTeli kacobriobisaTvisevedreboda. es wmida siluan aToneligaxldaT.

lali facia

ratom qrebian aTonis mTidan berebi

rusTavels aqvs sakuTari cxovrebisfilosofia mdidari zneobrivi da es-Tetikuri mosazrebebiT, savse qarTulitradiciis sibrZniT, gamocdilebiT,qarTveli xalxis istoriuli kul-turiT. amboben, rusTaveli neopla-tonizmis mimdevariao; neoplatonizmi,rogorc filosofiuri moZRvreba, sxvaqveynebis msgavsad, saqarTveloSic ar-sebobda. neoplatonizmi rTuli isto-riuli movlenaa filosofiis istori-aSi. neoplatonizmis filosofiamsoflioSi mimodioda sxvadasxva saxiTda SinaarsiT: iyo neoplatonizmis zo-gadi Teoria siyvarulis, silamazisada ierarqiis cnebebiT, romelic Camoay-aliba likopolelma filosofosmaplotinma; iyo neoplatonizmi qris-tianobis samsaxurSi, romelicagrZelebda patristikis tradiciasfilosofiis istoriaSi, magram neo-platonizmSi iyo iseTi nakadic, romel-ic cdilobda platonis filosofiisda, saerTod, elinuri miTologiisaRorZinebas.

aseTi neoplatonizmi saqarTveloSiciyo, magram patristikuli filosofiistradiciis gverdiT da xSirad amfilosofiis monaTesaved; Zalian xSir-ad erTi da igive qarTveli moazrovnewarmarTul platonur filosofiasacetaneboda da patristikul tradici-asac iziarebda; aseTi iyo petriwi,romelic neoplatonikur moZRvrebasiziarebda, platonis filosofiis er-Tisa da mravlis cnebas arkvevda daaristotelobasac eweoda.

qarTuli kultiris istoriisaTvissayuradReboa mimowera ioane italossada ioane petriws Soris. am mimoweriTcxadi xdeba, rom saqarTveloSi gar-Tulebuli ideologiuri brZolebiiyo; arsen iyalToeli, ufro orTodoqsiqristianobaSi, vidre petriwi, ebrZodaarapatristikul mimarTulebas, kerZodioane petriws. rogorc istoriidanCans, mefe daviT aRmaSenebeli saSuale-bas aZlevda orive mimarTulebasgamoeTqva Tavisi mosazrebebi; metic,daviT aRmaSenebelma ioane petriwssaSualeba misca eqadaga Tavisi moZRvre-

ba gelaTis akademiaSi, sadac igi, ro-gorc qarTveli mkvlevarni fiqrobdnen,mowveuli iqneboda daviT aRmaSeneblismier. filosofiuri brZolebi iyosaqarTveloSiac da es adasturebs qar-Tuli kulturis simaRles da msofliomniSvnelobas; Cven araviTari sabuTiar gvaqvs vTqvaT, rom SoTa rusTaveliar icnobs filosofiur brZolebssaqarTveloSi, magram rusTavelis mTelipoema adasturebs, rom am filosofiuribrZolebidanac rusTavels araferisesxad ar miuRia da Tavis poema argauleqsavs am filosofiuri brZolebisgamosaxatad.

rusTaveli icnobs Tavisi drois dawinandeli periodebis yvela ide-ologiur mimarTulebas; icnobs budas,qristes, platonis, aristoteles, plo-tinis, prokle diadoxis, petriwis daitalosis ideebs. rusTaveli SlisTavisi poemis situaciebs arabeTispolitikuri Zlierebis fonze; yve-laferi es istoriulad SesaZlebelida aucilebelicaa iseTi didi geniisSemoqmedebis gaSlisaTvis, rogoricaarusTavelis genia. magram rusTavelispoemis suli naqsovia qarTuli isto-riuli gancdebiT da poemaSi gamosax-uli miTiTebebi xelmwifobis warmoSo-bis, qajeTis cixis dangrevis, saridanmefis vasalitetobis, vaWrebis arsebo-bis Sesaxeb da mravali sxva damafiqre-beli adgili mowmobs, rom rusTaveliscxovrebis koncefcia saqarTvelos is-toriis naSobia.

rogorc dante aligieria florenci-is kulturis RviZli Svili, ise rus-Taveli saqarTvelos kulturis RviZliSvilia. sityva “Svili” aq niSnavs arafizikurad dabadebuls, aramed sulier-ad Sobils mTeli warsuliT, misi is-toriuli gansacdelebiT da saqmeebiT,SemTxvevebiT, xalxSi momxdari cvlile-bebiT, gancdebiT da imedebiT. qarTvelixalxis mier ganvlili socialuriformaciebi im zomamde Taviseburi dagansxvavebulia Sua aziis, aRmosavleTisxalxebis socialuri formaciebisagan,rom aRmosavleTis renesansis cnebaTavisTavad icriceba Cvens warmodge-

naSi, rodesac naTlad warmovidgenTaRmosavleTis warsuls mTeli Tavisioficialuri da agresiuli damokide-bulebebiT qarTvel xalxTan, mis kul-turasTan, mis ojaxTan da sazogadoebisistoriasTan. aRmosavleTis renesansisada humanizmis Sesaxeb rogor SeiZlebalaparaki, rodesac maniqevelobisa dasufistebis qveynebi sistematuradaoxrebdnen qarTul ojaxebs, dawese-bulebebs, eklesiebs, saqarTvelodanqalebi da vaJebi ganuwyvetliv gahyav-daT aRmosavleTSi monobisa da haramx-anebisaTvis, saukuneebis manZilze xr-wnidnen da aTaxsirebdnen Tamar mefisada rusTavelis saqarTvelos?!

mas Semdeg, rac rusTaveli arar iyoqveynad, misi geniosuri qmnileba ebr-Zoda aRmosavleTs, yaenis TareSssaqarTveloSi, misi wesebis, adaTebis,yofa-cxovrebis gamxrwnel Tvisebebs.rusTavelis metyvelebasa daazrovnebas aqvs qarTuli istoriulikulturis Tvisebebi. qarTveli xalxi,misi suli da temperamenti rusTavelisgeniaSia gansaxierebuli; rodesacgadagvarebulebi vard-bulbuliansmRerodnen da zurnas ukravdnen,qarTveli xalxi moralurad izrde-boda da avTandilisa da tarielisgmirobis mibaZvaSi, megobrebis da siy-varulis rusTaveliseuli ideebiT.

qarTuli kulturis gza _ rus-Tavelis gza _ arasodes ar yofilaaRmosavleTSi gaTqvefili. saqarTve-los istoria naTeli brZolebisa daideebis gzaa, didi moraluri ideebisgzaa, romelic aRmosavleTis udab-noebiT ki ar midis, aramed dasavleTismidamoebiT miemarTeba adamianobisa dasikeTis moelvare mwvervalebisaken.

warsulSiac saqarTvelo dasav-leTisken miemarTeboda. mowinave mwer-lebi da moazrovneebi ocnebobdnenaziis qaosisa da politikurad moZvele-buli gzis daZlevaze: saukuneebi Slid-nen axal-axal perspeqtivebs da isto-riuli suli gamosavals eZebda; adami-anoba da zneobrivi keTilSobileba,romelic rusTavelma avTandilisqcevasa da gaazrebaSi uanderZa momaval

Taaobebs, mTeli Tavisi idealurimiznebiT miiwevda kacobriobis saukeTe-so survilebisaken; rusTavelis war-mosaxvaSi mocemuli ideebis sawyisiSeiZleba iyos petre iberis (areopagi-tis) koncefciaSi, magram maniqevelobisada sufistur-derviSul idealebs, as-ketizms ver mivawerT. rusTavelisgmirebs Zalian uyvarT es qveyana mTeliTavisi surnelebiT. rusTavelma Zaliankargad icis, rom yvelaferi qveynadwarmavalia da drouli, magram mSve-nieria yvelaferi, rac gvaRelvebs dagvsiamovnebs, rac ocnebaSi gadawvdilsuls silamazisaken eZaxis.

prenesansi saqarTveloSi _

SoTa rusTavelirusTavelis istoriul-sazogadoe-

brivi garemocvawarsulSi qarTuli kultura cno-

bili iyo rogorc mowinave kultura.saqarTvelo xSirad ixsenieba bibliurida antikuri qveynebis istoriulwyaroebSi. damaxasiaTebelia, rom aramarto istorikosebi, aramed iseTi didipoetebi, rogorc esqile da evripideiyvnen, qarTveli xalxis istorias, misTqmulebebs did yuradRebas aqcevdnen;evripidem Tavisi tragediis gmiradqarTveli qali _ medea gamoiyvana,xolo esqiles promeTes okeanidebisqaliSvilebis sxvadasxva qveynebSinamgzavri qoro moaxsenebs: Seni tanjvakolxidaSi iciano.

sxva istoriuli sabuTebic gvaqvsvifiqroT, rom qarTul kulturas didigavlena hqonda mravali Zveli xalxiskulturaze: Tavis mxriv: saqarTvelocganicdida egvi ptis, saberZneTis,sparseTis, arabeTisa da monRoleTisgavlenas.

antikuri civilizaciis centrebidansaqarTveloSi SemohqondaT materi-aluri, kulturisa da ideologiisZvirfasi saganZuri, didi qalaqebisqsovilebi, xelnawerebi, teqnikurgamogonebaTa sxva siaxleebi.

konstantine kapaneli(gagrZeleba iqneba)


qarTuli istoriuli mexsierebidanda dRevandeli sinamdvilidan, ra Rire-bulebiTi wanamZRvrebia saZiebeli, racmomavalSi qveynis warmatebis safuZveliiqneba?! erTad vifiqroT! (fiqric Rire-bulebaa _ produqts qmnis)!

evrokavSirSi asocireba da TavadevrokavSiri, absolutur Rirebulebasar warmoadgens, rom sayovelTao bed-niereba TavisTavad mogvitanos. evrop-ul asparezze Cveni warmateba, materi-alur faseulobebTan SedarebiT, upi-ratesad aramaterialuri kategoriebiTmiiRweva, kerZod _ solidaruli, tol-erantuli sazogadoebis SeqmniT, maRalipasuxismgeblobiT, erovnuli mexsiere-bis SenarCunebiT da misi uwyvetobisgancdiT, da rogorc Sedegi _qarTvelTa saukeTeso „Sinagan“ faseu-lobaTa aRorZinebiT da qarTuli sax-elmwifos axali Taobis mSenebelTaSeqmniT.

e.i. Cveni molodini Tu aqtiurobamxolod politikuri, ekonomikuri, ansocialuri problematikiT ar undaSemoifarglos. RirebulebaTa arCevanSi,mTavari Rirebulebebi (SesaZleblobebi)unda veZeboT. maT Sorisaa: fiqriukeTes momavalze, Tavisufal qveyanaze;Zalisxmeva da orientacia sazogadosikeTeebze, moqalaqeTa Rirseul sic-ocxleze; zrunva momaval TaobaTamentalur da moralur sijansaReze _esaa adamianuri yofis ZiriTadi Rire-bulebebi nebismier epoqaSi, nebismiersaerTaSoriso kavSirSi Tu geopoli-tikur arCevanSi.

Cveni winaprebi uaxlesi istoriidan,SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis pirobeb-Sic ki, swored am kategoriebiT xelmZR-vanelobdnen da ase qmnidnen saqarTve-los istorias.

aRniSnulis sailustraciod,ekonomikis erT-erT sferoSi _saqarTveloSi sabanko-safinanso saqmissaTaveebTan gepatiJebiT...

saqarTveloSi sabanko-safinanso sis-temis safuZvlebis Seqmna iliaWavWavaZis da dimitri yifianis epoqas,maT saxels ukavSirdeba. XIX saukunismeore naxevari is gamonaklisi periodiiyo, roca damoukideblobadakargulsaqarTveloSi, sakuTari fulis niSnebisararsebobis pirobebSic ki, pirveliqarTuli banki mravali wlis gan-mavlobaSi qveynis politikuridamoukideblobis ekonomikur (da zneo-briv) safuZvlebs qmnida.

es movlena imdroindeli presis dasazogadoebis araCveulebriv interessiwvevda. sazogadoeba or banakad iyogayofili. sxvadasxva etapzedapirispirebulebi aRmoCndnen sazo-gado Tanamoazrenic _ ilia da akakiwereTeli, ilia da ivane maCabeli, maTimxardamWerebi da mowinaaRmdegeebi.azrTa urTierTgaziareba da ideaTabrZola „bankobiadas“ saxeliT moinaT-la.

feodaluri aristokratia saadg-ilmamulo bankis ideis dasamarebascdilobda, Tergdaleulebi ki mxur-valed icavdnen am ideas. 1864 welsCasaxul ideas 11 weli dasWirda, romsaqmed qceuliyo.

idea sazogadoebrivi (saaqcio) bankisSeqmnas iTvaliswinebda, raTa mosaxleo-bis yvela kategorias, maT Sorisglexebsac, hqonoda kreditis gaxsnisSesaZlebloba. banki demokratiulprincipebze organizebuli, mogebazeorientirebuli da am mogebiT saer-To-sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebisxelSemwyobi arasaxelmwifo, komerci-uli dawesebuleba unda yofiliyo.

SevadaroT es misia dRevandel qarTv-el bankirTa (mTlianad, qarTuli sa-banko sistemis) momxveWelur, mtace-blur, adamianTa ubedurebaze dafuZneb-ul da usazRvro gamdidrebaze orien-tirebul saqmianobis wess. Tumca, sjobs,isev warsuls davubrundeT...

dimitri yifianis optimizmi da en-Tuziazmi usazRvro iyo. man sagangebodSeiswavla imperiis sxva kerZo bankebiswesdebaTa safuZvlebi, rusuli da ucx-ouri literatura da Camoayaliba „qar-Tuli“ bankis ZiriTadi debulebebi,rac adgilobriv Taviseburebebs dainteresebs miesadageboda.

Semdgom, 1870 wlidan, gaaqtiurdnenqarTveli samocianelebi. maTi mizaniiyo qarTuli saadgilmamulo bankierovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZrao-bis samsaxurSi CaeyenebinaT da amsaqmisaTvis ilia WavWavaZes exelmZR-vanela.

iliam axali wesdebis Sedgena iTavada miznis misaRwevad daundobeli omiwamoiwyo. brokhauz-efronis rusulienciklopediuri leqsikonisTvis Sed-genil avtobiografiaSi igi wers: „bevriyoymanisa da meryeobis Semdeg, Tu rag-vari sakredito dawesebuleba davaar-soT, Tavadaznaurobam gadaswyvita, CemisrCevisamebr, daarseba saadgilmamulobankisa da airCia komisia, romlis erT-erT wevrad mec damniSna wesdebisSemdgenlad“ (i. WavWavaZe, t. 10, gv. 311).wesdeba SemuSavda, saWiro iyo misi

damtkiceba finansTa saministroSi dameore _ sagareo brZolis mogeba.„...imisTana kacni, romelnica zneobrivadise gaqsuebulan Tavisis sikeTisa dapiradis bednierebis ukan devnaSi, romyovel zrunvas sayovelTao keTil-isaTvis usaqmo kacis ocnebaTasTvlian... romelnica mudam trialebenviwro sferoSi, arasodes aRweulanTavisi piradi sargeblobis umaRlesda ar gamTbaran sazogadoebis sikeTissiyvaruliTa...“ (ilias sityva, gaz.„droeba“, 1872 w., N 47). sazogado sikeTisdamkvidreba, Tavis mxriv, safuZveliunda yofiliyo, rom Semdgom aRaryofiliyvnen „aseTi kacni“.

aq, kidev erTxel SevCerdeT, dadRevandeli parlamentarebi da „aseTikacni“ gavixsenoT, visac qarTvelmaamomrCevelma, sanugeSod da saimedod,ukve meramdened, xma misca arCevnebSi,raTa es „rCeulni“ amaRlebuliyvnen„Tavisi piradi sargeblobis umaRles“da gamTbariyvnen „sazogadoebis sikeTissiyvaruliT“. amisaTvis ki es e.w. „rCeulni“,

ubralod, zneobrivi kacebi unda iyvnenda ara uzneoni. aqac, Zvirfaso mk-iTxvelo, didxans nu davyovndebiT daisev samagaliTo warsuls da am mxriv,marTlac saamayo kacebs davubrundeT,

vinc Cvens saamayo istorias qmnida...proeqti dasamtkiceblad peter-

burgSi gaigzavna. procesis dasaCqare-blad da sabanko saqmis Sesaswavlad,1873 wels ilia saxelmwifo samsaxuri-dan gadadga da ruseTSi gaemgzavra.bolos, rogorc iqna, 1874 wlis 28 maissdamtkicda Tbilisis saTavadaznaurosaadgilmamulo bankis wesdeba, romelicgazeT „droebaSi“ daibeWda. ase das-rulda pirveli qarTuli bankis daarse-bis mravalwliani, peripetiebiT aRsavseepopea. 1876 wlis 1 maiss gaixsna quTai-sis saadgilmamulo bankic.

ilia WavWavaZis sabanko moRvaweobiscnobili mkvlevari, iovel asaTiani, Za-lze saintereso, zog SemTxvevaSi kiunikalur informacias gvawvdis. bankisdaarsebis aseTi farTo Sinaarsis for-mula da demokratiuli principebiruseTis imperiis praqtikaSi im drosar arsebobda: damfuZnebelTamemkvidreebi cal-calke Rebulobdnenwevri damfuZneblis uflebas; amuflebiT, srulwlovan SvilebsmSoblebis sicocxleSic SeeZloTesargeblaT; damfuZnebel wevrebad,yvela maTi uflebiT, SeeZloT yofil-iyvnen qalebic. aRniSnuli principebiwlebis ganmavlobaSi wevr dam-fuZnebelTa ricxovnobis mudmiv zrdasuzrunvelyofda.

mogvianebiT, specialurad Tbilisissaadgilmamulo bankisTvis, aigo monu-menturi Senoba. misi mSenebloba iliaWavWavaZis TaosnobiT 1902 wels daiwyoda 1913 wels damTavrda. amJamad, iqsaqarTvelos erovnuli biblioTekaaganTavsebuli.

XX saukunis dasawyisi mTelevropasa da ruseTSi ekonomikuri dapolitikuri krizisiT xasiaTdeba. sa-banko-sakredito saqmianobasaqarTveloSic sakmaod garTulda.ilias mohyavs magaliTebi besarabiis,peterburg-tulis, donis, vilenis banke-bis warumatebeli saqmianobisa dakrizisis Sesaxeb, rac aseve mamulebisbankebSi datovebiT aris gamowveuli.

magram, „zogierT kacTa“ subieqturimotivebi, rogorc sababi, yovelTvispoulobs gasaqans kritikul situa-ciebSi, Tundac problemis mizezi sru-liad naTeli da cxadi obieqturifaqtorebi iyos. adamianTa ganwyobises sayovelTao fsiqologiuri motiva-cia, zedmiwevniT (da mravaljer) aisaxarogorc Tbilisis qarTuli saadg-ilmamulo bankis cxovrebaSi, isemTlianad, saqarTvelos uaxles TuTanamedrove politikur cxovrebaSi.

ilia WavWavaZis motivebi sayovelTaokrizisis Sesaxeb sabanko sabWos krebamar gaiziara. Sedegad, bankis gamgeobisTavmjdomaris reaqcia radikaluri damoulodneli iyo. man gaakeTa gancx-adeba gadadgomis Sesaxeb, madlobamoaxsena kolegebs TanamSromlo-bisTvis, daemSvidoba darbazs da datovasxdoma. sababi, albaT, aqac formaluriiyo.

amgvarad, dasrulda ilia WavWavaZismoRvaweoba sabanko sferoSi, romelicmTeli 30 weli grZeldeboda _ 1875-1905 ww.

erovnuli mniSvnelobis RonisZiebaTa

nusxa, romelTa realizaciisTvis fi-nansuri mxardaWera uSualod ukavSird-eba Tbilisis saadgilmamulo banks,sakmaod farToa.

am nusxaSi gamosayofia:1. bankis moRvaweoba ganaTlebis

sferosa da erovnuli kadrebismomzadebis mxardasaWerad, rac caris-tuli mTavrobis antiqarTul poli-tikas unda dapirispireboda;

2. wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazo-gadoebis daarseba da organizaciuladCamoyalibeba, rac bankis mxardaWeriserT-erT prioritetad ganixileboda;

3. kaxeTis rkinigzis mSeneblobisTvismosamzadebeli samuSaoebis wamowyebada finansur-ideologiuri uzrunvely-ofa;

4. qarTuli Teatris ganviTare-bisTvis zrunva, rac erovnul-ganmaTavi-suflebeli moZraobis sawrTvnel sko-lad ganixileboda.

saqarTvelos politikur da so-cialur-ekonomikur cxovrebaSi TiTqmisar darCenila sfero, sadac qarTulsaadgilmamulo banks Tavisi mizan-dasaxuli politika ar gaetarebina.banki, saerTo sargeblobis, sasoflo-sameurneo da eqstraordinalurifondebidan afinansebda saswavlo dawe-sebulebebs, studentebs, moswavleebs,sasoflo-sameurneo sazogadoebebs dagazeTebs, saeklesio dawesebulebebs,stiqiiT dazaralebulebs, kerZo pirebsda a.S. sul 1875-1909 ww. banks sazogadosaWiroebisaTvis gauRia 1.944.136 maneTida 38 kap.

im periodSi, qarTuli bankebis saqmi-anobis mTel istorias, laitmotivadgasdevda fiqri, zrunva da gansja mo-mavalze, axal saqarTveloze. praqtiku-lad, banki saqarTvelos parlamentisada mTavrobis funqcias iTavsebda!!!

mkiTxvelo, Zalian minda, is arafor-maluri „parlamenti“ da „mTavroba“,

suliskveTebiT, dRevandels _ legit-imur, formalur xelisuflebas Se-vadaro, magram ver vaxerxeb. axaliTaobis „mamuliSvilTa“ ZiebaSi xelsmiSlis dRevandeli realoba _sulierebisgan da erovnulobisgan da-clili, xelisuflebis amqars mitmas-nili subieqtebis dauokebeli ambiciebi,medrove Cinovnikuri suli da maTimomxveWeluri buneba!!!...

aRsaniSnavia ilia WavWavaZis sityvaTbilisis saadgilmamulo bankis wliurkrebaze 1895 wlis 20 maiss. es sityvailias Semoqmedebis yvela klasikurgamocemaSia Setanili.

am gamosvlaSi erTi sityva ar arisnaTqvami sabanko Temaze. aq, oratorisazri scildeba sabanko saqmis arss damogebis xibls. is saqarTvelos eqvs-saukunovani danawevrebis tkiviliT dagamTlianebis mowodebiTaa gajerebuli,rac, oratoris sul 3 wuTiangamosvlaSi Caetia (ix. sityva: i.WavWavaZe, t.4., gv. 437).

dabolos, minda vTqva, rom am Temazedidi siamovnebiT vmuSaobdi. zneobisgakveTilebiviTaa aq moyvanili faqtebi.bankis dafuZnebis idea da saqme, erTididi poemasaviTaa _ adamianTa siy-varulis, maTze zrunvis poema... amasRirseuli kacebi akeTebdnen, ubralod,uxmaurod, da yovelives Cveulebriv,kacur movaleobad Tvlidnen.

exla? pirdapir Tavs gvaWamen mopoli-

tikoso arsebebi, Tavi kacebi rom hgo-niaT, da qveyanas “marTaven”, partiebsqmnian da es saqme biznesad uqceviaT.arc erovnulad moazrovne da arcRirsebaSenarCunebuli qarTul poli-tikaSi TiTqmis aRar meguleba. xolo,aq moxvedrili nebismieri wesieri kaci,sul male uweso xdeba.

mkiTxvelo _ Cemo axalgazrda mego-baro, Caibare qveyana da... gaagrZelesaqarTvelos Rirseuli istoria!

nukri mixanaSvili

ilia WavWavaZedan Tanamedrove uRirsebo da uerovnebo Cinovnikebamde!

saxalxo moZraoba ,,samegrelos” zugdidis organizacia

mwuxarebiT iuwyeba, rom tragikulad daiRupa

Tamar (Tamuna) gerexeliada TanaugrZnobs meuRle nika gogoxias, mis or mcirewlovan

Svils, dedamTil-mamamTil madona maqacarias da eldar gogoxi-

as.

ufalma sasufeveli daumkvidros Tamunas suls...

saxalxo moZraoba “samegrelos” zugdidis organizacia

TanaugrZnobs baton vaxtang (loTi) qobalias dis

noniko qobalia-bulias

gardacvalebis gamo


poeziis kuTxe

afuns uCqu lersiS

Tiriafuns uCqu lersiS Tiri,gemkisurenq arZa lursu,TeS re guri gofaliri,hava dinoxurTqinunsჷ.

mours, mours, TuTarCelaekoTxozჷ ga do gasჷ,ma voreqo lersiS xela,Tu Sur mikocancalansჷ?

gopeule ve do gvala,qignurCafჷ rwvane dolo,lersi ore SuriS Rala,daWyafu do minSa bolo.

* * *rina TiSner wkuril ore,menwarefsჷ vaWyues,uCa RarTi qingofores,dixas qimTgobanWues.

metyurefiS naburdinaxolo macancaluaf,dRa do seriT oko jinasqan nerCiSi faluas.

irqens, uCurcxali oreistoriaS boria:“Rvaras Rvara quwili dodixas qimTaTxoria”.

gverdo Rurel muWo ჸofeq,aiSax dixas xoxi-da,amdRa dudi gemwaWofe,omargale, kolxida!

* * * Tena geWar irkosჷ doTener rina moWares,bJa gelaxis diqosჷ doiSenT mourc oWmare.

medinafe koCana,muSoT goko iCie,arZas fsua qoCanaf,arZa vage-CiCies.

donirsele owonde,nofa montu uale,SxvaS goTana mowondes,wkvaram seriS squalefc.

giorgi xulorda.

ofute, salxino

berexaCxoriaS mango anaTens,rCqinel kaTaS gomorCqinasiT giayun kvalir navels,ubado, konwar va qiminaodabade Cqin amayens,kaTa geronefiS goSinaT.zviad do merabiS didebaT,konctantineS uRur SinaT.oqorTueS yorofa rd,TinefiS Tar guriS gama.do zviadiS Saras jRons,varkalaraS milaCama.goSinaq oko iyuas,Te did kaTaS iriaTo.oqorTueS skualef,yoferedaT iro arTo!

bad koCbad koC req si Wanafir,iro xiol skan rinas.jgir oqimefs gegafirwimox giludas Tinas...si gxorons bedner gama,noRas, xoreons ZinakaTaS orinuS skvama,ekonaS eko gina.Tel Cqin oele qianasrdas keTira do Zina.elmols xvama miaCas,bad skan Zal do rCqinaS!

malxaz grigolia,abaSa

svaneTis rkinis qalaqi _ qristemde ramdenime saukuniTadrindeli metalurgiuli saxelosnos naSTebi

“svaneTis mTebSi Sefenil uzarmazarmetalurgiul qalaqs 3 didi kremaciulimoedani emsaxureboda Zvirfas micvale-bulTa dasawvavad da im qveynadgasacileblad”

erTma aqaurma ramdenime¬ wlis winaxali saxlis mSenebloba wamoiwyo.traqtori miwis gasworebisas moulod-nelad uzarmazar ormoSi¬ gauCinarda_ qristemde ramdenime saukuniTadrindeli metalurgiuli saxelosnosnaSTebi iyo. swored am saxlis gverdzeaRmovaCineT tyupi qura. cxadia, saxlirkinis saxelosnozea aSenebuli, magramam kacs saxls xom ar davungrevT. Wu-beris xeobaSi, sofel larilarSi, kideverTi saxli inaxavs¬ saidumlos...

gvian Semodgomaze an zamTarSi, rocaboboqari enguri odnav¬ miwynardeba,vinme bednierma mis riyeze SeiZlebaoqroc ki ipovos...¬ amjerad ara oqroze,aramed svaneTis sxva simdidreze _ rki-naze giambobT. brinjaos, spilenZisa Tuoqro-vercxlis xanis Semdeg gamZle rk-ina iqca kacobriobis mdidrebad daRaribebad dayofis maxed _ gamdidrdnenisini, vis xelSic is aRmoCnda, amitomSefasda rkina oqroze metad. kolxebsmaSindel kacobriobaSi Zalian gau-marTlaT, aq rkinac uxvad moipovebodada niWierebac _ xalibebi rkinisdamuSavebaSi iseTi brwyinvaleni aRmoC-ndnen, rom maTze Zv.w. pirveliaTaswleulis damdegidan jerurartuelebi werdnen, mere ki elinebi.XX saukunis arqeologebma ki kolxeTSi¬uZvelesi rkinis sadnobi qurebic aR-moaCines, Tumca ara imdeni,¬ rom xalibTaostatobis legenda Cven Tvalwin marT-lac gacocxlebuliyo. gamocanad rCe-boda, Tu sad an rogor adnobdnen¬imden rkinas kolxebi, rom maSindelikacobrioba icnobda mas da yidulobda!5 weliwadia, rac am saidumlos fardasvaneTSi exdeba.

wlevandeli aRmoCenebiT aRtacebasverc arqeologebi malaven _ mxolodWuberis xeobaSi, 50-60 ha-ze, miwidan“amoiwvera” xalibTa ostatobis damsoflioSi ganfenis simbolo _daaxloebiT Zv.w. VII-VI saukunis met-alurgiuli centri Tavisi simdidriT,samsxverploebiTa da kremaciulisamarovnebiT. svaneTis mTebSi Sefeniluzarmazar metalurgiul qalaqs 3 didikremaciuli moedani emsaxureboda Zvir-fas micvalebulTa dasawvavad da imqveynad gasacileblad.

zviad kviciani,arqeologi, profesori, arqeologiuri

eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli:

_ Zv.w. IV-III aTaswleulebis brinjaosTu spilenZis nivTebs gvian Semodgomazeenguris xeobaSi oqros maZiebeli¬ e.w.“Savi arqeoleogebi” dResac pouloben(magaliTad, spilenZisa da brinjaosculebs¬, Subispirebs, satevrebs...), romel-ic, Tu bedma gagviRima da ar gaiyida,muzeumSi gadainacvlebs. Cveni varaudiT,es nivTebi engurSi imitom¬ moxvda, rommaT adgilobrivi¬ mosaxleoba wylisRvTaebas swiravda! xolo is, rom aqxalxs mravalRvTaebaTa sakulto taZre-bi hqonda da maT msxverpls swiravda,ara mxolod Cven davadastureT saocariaRmoCenebiT, aramed is xalxis Cveule-bebSic aris SemorCenili _ gazafxulis

dadgomisas, roca svans pirutyvi pirve-lad gahyavs saZovarze, Sinidan aucile-blad raime mcire rkinis naWers gaiy-olebs, mdinareSi gadaagdebs da wylisRvTaebas SesTxovs, rom pirutyvi Sinuvnebeli daubrunos da didi wveladobamisces.

Cveni aRmoCenis mixedviT _ svaneTSirkinis warmoebis mTeli “qalaqi”¬ yofi-la. 80-ian wlebSi pirveli gaTxrebi aqarqeologma SoTa CarTolanmac¬ Caatarada 2 kremaciuli samarxic aRmoaCina, ma-gram bolo wlebSi aRmoCenilma gag-vaogna.

Wuberis xeobaaqauroba rkinis sadnobi qurebiT

aris gaZeZgili. mxolod xaiSSi 10-mdearqeologiuri Zegli gavTxareT da Zv.w.VII-IV saukuneebis antikuri sakultokompleqsis naSTebic aRmovaCineT qu-rumTa samsxverploTi, msgavsi sakultokompleqsebi mTel elinur samyaroSiidga da qurumi qalebi RvTaebebs msxver-pls swiravdnen, ZiriTadad samkaulebsanda nayofierebis simbolos _ kvercxismsgavs riyis qvebs. Semdeg samsxverploSicecxls anTebdnen da am nivTebs wvavdnenRvTaebisadmi pativiscemis niSnad.

kvercxi dResac iTvleba gamravlebisada nayofierebis simbolod, Tumca¬ amaRmoCenaSi saocari is aris, rom mTelmsoflioSi samsxverplod Sewiruliqvis kvercxebia aRmoCenili. svaneTSi,qvis kvercxebTa erTad aRmoCnda gamomw-vari Tixis kvercxebic. “svanurma” kver-cxma gagvaogna _ gatyda. anu es qva ariyo, es iyo kvercxis formis Tixa, romel-Sic kidev Tixis kvercxi ido; ese igi, aqsaqme im donemde mivida, rom samsxver-plod ukve gamomwvari Tixis kvercxebsacki swiravdnen. sxvaTa Soris, msgavsisamsxverploebi ecersa da uSgulSicaris aRmoCenili. amazec etyoba, raurTierTobebi gvqonda maSindel civi-lizebul samyarosTan _ rac iyo aTenSi,igive¬ iyo uSgulSic. arc aris gasakviri.mTel Wuberis xeobaSi, 60-50 ha-ze, kirqviTSebaTqaSebuli metalurgiuli saxelos-noebi, rkinis sadnobi qurebia gaSlili,Sig rkinis naRvenTic aris darCenili.sofel laxamSi tyupi qurac ki aRmoCnda.

aqaurma goga Cxetianma ramdenime¬wlis win axali saxlis mSeneblobawamoiwyo. traqtori miwis gasworebisasmoulodnelad uzarmazar ormoSi¬ gauCi-narda _ qristemde ramdenime saukuniTadrindeli metalurgiuli saxelosnosnaSTebi iyo. swored am saxlis gverdzeaRmovaCineT tyupi qura. cxadia, saxlirkinis saxelosnozea aSenebuli, magramam kacs saxls xom ar davungrevT.¬ Wu-beris xeobaSi, sofel larilarSi, kideverTi saxli inaxavs¬ saidumlos...

ezoSi maCubis asaSeneblad miwagaTxares. warweriani stela amoiRes dasaxlis kedels Caatanes. am ojaxis am-Jamindeli mepatronis, gia jaWvlianisbiZas furcelze zustad gadmoutaniastelaze nakveTi figurebi. misi gar-dacvalebis Semdeg Canaweri daikarga.aravin icis, ra saidumlos amoxsna Seu-Zlia am stelas.

arqeologma SoTa CarTolanma 80-ianwlebSi sofel larilarSi Zv.w. VI-IVda IV-III saukuneebis ori kremaciuli

samarovani aRmoaCina, wels amsamarovnidan 50 metrSi kidev erTikremaciuli moedani davafiqsireT.

_ es niSnavs, rom Cveni winaprebi mic-valebulebs wvavdnen.

_ diax da es iyo umaRles doneze ay-vanili pativsacemi rituali. kremaciulmoedanze micvalebulis im qveynaddawviT gacileba iafi ar iyo, amitomacmxolod mdidrebs ferflavdnen, fer-flSi ki maTi Zvirfasi samkaulebi rCe-boda, risi moZiebac SeiZleba.

_ ramxelaa kremaciuli moednebi?_ erTi daaxloebiT 50 metri sigrZisa

da 15 metri siganis aris, meore _ 30metri sigrZis da 10 metri siganisa...mesame jer Sesaswavlia. imis Tqma Sei-Zleba, rom svaneTi, Tavisi civilizaciiT,Tanamedrove kacobriobis civilizaciisganuyofeli nawili iyo _ hqonda yve-laferi, rac danarCen msoflios, misi“metalurgiuli qalaqi” xalibTa sxvametalurgiul centrebTan erTad (rkinadneboda raWis, afxazeTis, samegrelosada Woroxis xeobebSi) ara mxolodkolxeTs, aramed¬ mTel wina azias ama-ragebda da simdidriT brwyinavda.

natvrisTvali _ xviTokvercxi Zvel civilizaciaSi nay-

ofierebis simbolo iyo. kvercxisformisaa kera _ yverbi, anu qalurisawyisi. kera ojaxis centrSi iyo gamar-Tuli, iq cecxli arasodes qreboda,kerasTan Tavs iyrida mTeli ojaxi.keraze jaWvi ekida zecisa da dedamiwiskavSiris niSnad. aq binadrobda adgilisdeda, fuZis angelozi. nayofierebisxTonur (miwis) RvTaebas zoomorfulisaxe hqonda, es iyo TeTri gveli, meziri,ojaxis “Tvalildi” _ natvrisTvalispatroni. natvrisTvali kvercxis formisaiyo. weliwadSi erTxel, SuaRamisas,meziris zeimze, mrokavi gvelTa dedo-fali stomaqidan natvrisTvals amosty-orcnida da aTamaSebda. kacTagani Tumoaxerxebda mis xelSi Cagdebas, iseunda gadaemala, rom mezirs ar epova,Torem natvrisTvalsac daibrunebda dagamtaceblis ojaxsac dageslavda.natvrisTvals, anu xviTos, malavdnenfqvilis kodSi, sabudarSi, fulis qisaSi,raTa ojaxs baraqa ar daleoda. msgavsixviToebi _ qvis, marmarilos, brolis, ka-Jisa _ mravladaa svaneTis ojaxebsa damuzeumSi.

meziri binadrobda saxlSi. mTeliojaxi pativs miagebda mas, uvlida, eride-boda. dResaswauls umarTavda, mas “qoralemziri” erqva. keris gvels mxolodzrdasruli, SvilierebisTvis (nayofiere-bisTvis) mza qalebi emsaxurebodnen,ucxobdnen sagangebo lemzirebs. am wesisaRsrulebisas mamakacs ar ikarebdnen _ojaxis mfarveli ar gajavrdeso. keras-Tan ar SeiZleboda Cxubi, uSveri la-paraki _ svanurSi faqtobrivad ar arisgineba.

SemdgomSi zoomorfulma (kvercxi,gveli) xTonurma RvTaebam saxe icvalada qalad Camoyalibda (napovnia keraSiCafluli meziris da qalis figurebi).SemdgomSi fuZis angelozi anu ojaxismfarveli RvTismSobelma Caanacvla.

eTer eraZe


Tanamemamuleno!me, zurab kvaracxelia, adamiani,

romelic ymawvilkacobidan sruliadSegnebulad, cnobierad da erTguladvar Cabmuli samSoblos aRorZinebisada damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi...oRond, xazgasmiT vambob: realuraddamoukidebel, erovnul-tradiciulRirebulebze orientirebul sam-SoblosaTvis brZolaSi, _ vgrZnob raCems wil pasuxismgeblobas erisa daqveynis winaSe, kategoriulad moviTxov:

1) e. w. ,,erTian nacionalurmoZraobas”, rogorc danaSaulebrivorganizacias _ aekrZalos funq-cionireba saqarTvelos teritoriaze!

2) piruTvneli da obieqturigamoZiebiT gamovlenil-iqnas enm-isxelmZRvanelebis Tu calkeul wevrTapersonaluri danaSaulebrivi qmedebanida aseve obieqturi, damoukidebelisasamarTlos wesiT ganesazRvroT maTSesabamisi sasjeli!

3) danaSaulSi mxilebul TiToeulpirs kanonis ZaliT samudamod aekrZa-

los politikuri saqmianoba!

P. S. ai, am gancxadebis gakeTeba momindaam saRamos... fotos dadeba ki, gan-pirobebulia imiT, rom me ase mwams: se-riozuli gancxadebebis ukan mudam undaiyos personaluri pasuxismgeblobisgancdac da ara gamogonili, araadeqva-turi fsevdonimebi Tu niRbebi!..

megruli (iberiuli) enis fenomeni(mniSvneloba da monacemebi

saxelmwifoebriobis SenarCunebisaTvis)

winasityvaobamsoflio arenaze esa Tu is eri

myar adgilze mkvidrdeba da fasdebaimis mixedviT, Tu ras gascems igimsoflio sazogadoebas da ra wvliliSeaqvs mas kacobriobis ganviTarebisistoriaSi. magram dawinaurebuli eriroca miecema miRweuliT kmayofilebasda drois tareba-hedonizms gaixdiscxovrebis wesad, Tundac, rom war-moidginos mosalodneli negatiuriSedegi, Znelad Tu Seeleva xorcielsiamovnebas da sanam bolomde ar dae-cema, ver SeaCerebs sulier degradire-bas. xSirad aseTi eri Sordeba ramisTvis aucilebel mizans, kargavsTavis funqcias qveynisa da kacobriobiswinaSe da saerTod, qreba msofliosarbielidan. amitom bevrma uZvelesmaerma saukuneebis winaT daamTavra Tavisiarseboba da ganisveneben istoriissasaflaoze. magram Tu gaiazra dacemismizezi, SeZlo Tavis egoistur moTx-ovnebze amaRleba da moaxerxa wamod-goma, SeiZleba, adrindel doneze didadamaRldes, sulieri kibis ufro maRalsafexurze avides da zneobrivadac ab-solutur srulyofilebas _ RmerTsdauaxlovdes, rasac mosdevs zneobriv-sulieri kulturisa da materialuricxovrebis donis amaRlebac.

winaswar minda aRvniSno, rom msoflioarenaze winaparTa adrindeli dawinau-reba _ avtoritetiT baqioba da trabaxikvdomadi eris Tvisebaa da awmyoSimcxovreb ers samarcxvino da sasacilomdgomareobaSi Tu ar Caagdebs, pozi-tiurs verafers moutans. magram didwinaparTa da warsulSi dawinaurebulerTa sulier-zneobrivi amaRlebisa daayvavebuli kulturis ganmapirobebelkanonzomierebaTa Seswavlam da gaTavise-bam, gamoricxulia, sasurveli Sedegiar gamoiRos, radgan sulier-zneobrivamaRlebas da ayvavebul kulturasganapirobebs uzenaesi Semoqmedis mierdadgenili kanonzomierebebis Secnobada am kanonzomierebebTan harmoniuliTanacxovreba.

uZveles iberTa ayvavebul kultur-asa da warmatebebze erovnuli isto-riuli wyaroebi, garda urTierT saw-inaaRmdego Sexedulebebisa, naklebadmogvepoveba, ganadgurebulia mizanmi-marTulad. Sedegad bevri erovnuliiberiuli monapovari sxva erebis miermiTvisebulia, xolo risi miTvisebacver SeZles, bevri aRgvilia pirisaganmiwisa, an kidev, damaluli da daviwye-bulia. magram àr aris dafaruli, romar gamJRavndes da damaluli, rom argacxaddes~.

qarTveli eris istoria samar-cxvinod gayalbebulia

saintereso cnobebs gvawvdian ucx-oeli avtoritetebi iberebze. yvela

drois udidesi germaneli mecnierivilhelm humboldti naSromSi ìberTaeTnogenezisis Sesaxeb~ wers: ìberiulicivilizacia vrceldeboda pirineidanindoeTamde~. es WeSmariteba miTac das-turdeba, rom xmelTaSua zRvis auzisenebSi moZiebulia 5000-mde sityva, iden-turi iberiuli modgmis enebis leqsik-isa (ix. rismag gordezianis, holandielimecnieris furnees da sxvaTa Sromebi).

1899 wels germaneli mecnieri s.krausi werda: `diamerizmebis anbanurkatalogebSi iberiuli damwerlobaarsad ar aklia da sayuradReboa isic,rom bibliur 70 Tu 72 respeqtiulenaTa 15 damwerlobas Soris iberiuliyovelTvis pirvel adgilasaa naxsenebi~.am WeSmaritebas adasturebs Cveni,,Zvelkolxuri enis siadumloebani~(`qarTuli asomTavruli anbanisZvelkolxuri fesvebi~, `kacobriobispirveli anbani qarTuli asomTavruli,Tu mxedruli?~) da `megruli (iberi-uli) ena qarTuli enis dialeqti, Tuglotogoniuri fenomeni?~.I saukunis ebraeli mecnieri ioseb

flaviusi werda: `Tubalebi war-momdgari iafetis Svilis _ Tubalis-agan, iwodebian iberebad” (ix. i. yifSiZe,Грамматика Мингрельскаго (Иверскаго) языка).es cnoba, mavanTa survilis sawinaaR-mdegod, sainteresoa imiT, rom aq xaz-gasmulia termini iberi TviT saxel-wodebaa da ara berZnuli, an romelimeucxouri.

554 wels gubaz mefis mkvlelobisgamo gamarTul saxalxo krebaze spar-suli orientaciis aietis istoriulsityvaSi vkiTxulobT: ,,Tu ver movnax-avT sparselebTan saerTo enas, isicunda vikmaroT, rom Zalian ar dagvCa-gron imaT, vinc winaT mudam CveniqveSemrdomi iyo~ (interpretacia Cvenia,k.f.).

cnobilia, rom 523 wels, iberTadacemis Semdeg, saxelmwifoebriobagauqmda, magram, sparselTa veraguligegmis Tanaxmad, Zalaufleba, vasalisstatusiT, qarTlelebs gadaeca (ix.eqvTime TayaiSvili `rodis SeicvalaiberTa saxelmwifo qarTvelTa sax-elmwifod~, J-li mnaTobi, 1948, #8).magram sparselTa batonoba ise au-taneli gaxda, rom 571-74w.w. sparseT-bizantiis omis dros, qarTli sparse-lebs ganudga, bizantielebs miemxroda sparselebTan gamarjvebaSigarkveuli wvlili Seitana, magramqarTls samefos statusi 888, Tu 899wlamde ar miuRia (pirveli mefea adar-nase II bagrationi).

zemoT aRniSnulidan cxadia, romprotoqarTvelebi iberebi iyvnen.

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom 523wlamde Cvens qveyanas iberia erqva.

vin iyvnen iberebi?qarTuli mecnierebis patriarqi _

ivane javaxiSvili ixilavs ra qarTvelieris Semadgenlobas, iberebad megrel-Wan-lazebs miiCnevs (ix. misi qarTveli

eris istoria, tomi I, 2011, gv. 18); prof.ioseb yifSiZe Tavisi naSromis,,Грамматика Мингрельскаго (Иверскаго) языка”saTaurSive miuTiTebs e.w. megrelTaiberobaze da amas fonetikuri kanon-zomierebiTac amtkicebs.

ra enaze metyvelebdnen iberebi?qarTlurze, rogorc gvargadakeTebulisomexi _ leonti mroveli warmogvid-gens da misi mimdevrebis survilia, Tuiberiulze, ra enazec dRes e.w.megrelebi metyveleben?

am kiTxvebis pasuxs iZleva akad.ivane javaxiSvili: ,,... Cven yvelam viciT,rom Tanamedrove qristianobis niadagzeaRmocenebul qarTuli mwerlobis enaqarTluria, xolo qarTveli xalxisuZvelesi xanis kulturis SeswavlaueWvel hyofs, rom qarTvelebs qristeswinadac mraval saukuneebis ganmavlo-baSi mwerloba unda hqonodaT, magram,SesaZlebelia, Semdeg gamoirkves, romam xanis mwerlobis ena qarTlur Stoski ar ekuTvnodes, aramed megrul-la-zursa, an svanur Stos. amis gamo qar-Tul ena-kilokavebis Seswavlas Cveniseris uZvelesi warsulis Seswavli-saTvis metad didi mniSvneloba aqvsda eqneba kidec yovelTvis“ (ix. misiqarTveli eris istoria, tomi I, 1908, gv.20). ra Tqma unda, hipoTeza sakmarisiar aris, magram, roca am hipoTezas rea-lobebi adastureben, es ukve damarwmu-nebelia da misi mogonili zRaprebiTuaryofa umecrebis damadasturebelia,an, ubralod, survilia.

ivane javaxiSvilis hipoTezas adas-tureben qvemoT warmodgenili mtkice-bulebebi da aRmosavleT saqarTveloSiarsebuli toponimebi: ergneTi (←erg-ni←egrni); WiWaxevi (patarxevi); Cargali[←CarRali← uCarRali ←uCaRali (Sav-Rele)]; JaleTi (mzianeTi); gori (eZebe);gurjaani (xeTa guli, tyis guli); xa-Suri, rac daqaragmebuli formaa sity-vaTa kompozitisa xa[la]Suri[Si] (Sobasulisa); okami (←okame), rac sakamesniSnavs da a.S.; hidronimebi: lexura(avadmyofura); aragvi (daetake) _ espatara mdinare asjer ufro did mdi-nares _ mtkvars iseTi siswrafiTa dasimZlavriT etakeboda, rom tboravda(exla SesarTavi datborilia zahesiskaSxliT); mtkvari unda momdinareobdessityvidan ,,tkvar-tkvali“, rac mdinariserTgvar dinebas niSnavs. qarTulad amtoponimebs da hidronimebs etimologiaar eZebneba.

garda zemoaRniSnulisa, im WeSmari-tebas, rom gaerTianebuli iberiis sa-xelmwifo da saliteraturo ena, araqarTuli, aramed iberiuli iyo, xoloqarTuli ena saxelmwifo da salite-raturo ena 1008 wlamde arasodes yo-fila da mdabioTa enad iyo darCenili,mowmobs dedanSi Cvens dromde moR-weuli yvelaze uZvelesi werilobiTiZegli _ ioane petriwis ,,ganmartebaniprokle diodoxosis ,,RmrTismetyvele-bis safuZvlebisa“, romlis bolosity-

vaobaSi vkiTxulobT: ,,... arave crulisareceTa momdovrebisa CemisaTa, daarca wami sasuenTa sulisa CemisaTa,vidremdis ara momxedra me gonebiTmanciskarman dReTadmi, romelTa bneliumecrebaTaÁ arR enacvlebis; da aRvi-Surve tomisaTÂs guarTa CemTasa memidmoobaÁ enisaÁ galeqsebuli da mes-xuei mdabrionTagan,...“ (ioane petriwi,Sromebi II, gamoc. s. yauxCiSvilis da S.nucubiZis mier, Tb., 1937, gv. 220).

am citatidan cxadia, rom aRniSnuliwignis petriwiseuli Targmani Sesru-lebulia mis mier qarTuli enis mimarTgaweuli reformis Semdeg da adviliwarmosadgenia ra donis iqneboda qar-Tuli ena petriwiseul reformamde,roca mismieri reformis Semdegdroin-deli enac Zveli qarTuli enis ara-specialistisTvis 50%-mde gaugebaria.magaliTisaTvis, SeadareT ioane petri-wis naSromidan zemoT motanili citataTanamedrove enaze Sesrulebul Targ-mans: àra vec ruli~ Cems sarecelsda arca wami Cemi sulis mosasveneblad,sanam ar momxeda me gonebiTma ciskarmadRisaken, romelsac umecrebaTa sibneleaRar enacvleba da aRviSurve me, Cemigvar-tomisaTvis Semeqmna èna sityvam-didari da gansxvavebuli mdabioTagan(midmoobaÁ enisaÁ galeqsebuli da mes-xueÁ mdabrionTagan)...~ (ioane petriwi,ganmartebani prokle diodoxosis`RmrTismetyvelebis safuZvlebisa~,prof. damana meliqiSvilis redaqciiT,1999, gv. 214). amitom absurdia leontimrovelis mier moWorili cnoba, romfarnavazma ,,ganavrco enaÁ qarTulida arRa izraxeboda qarTlsa Sinasxva ena Tvinier qarTulisa“, radganaseve absurdia, rom qarTul enaze iyodedanSi dawerili me-5 saukunis Zegli,,SuSanikis wameba“ da petriwamdeladmiCneuli sxva werilobiTi Zeglebi,romlebSic Zveli qarTuli enis ara-specialistisTvisac gaugebari arafe-ria, xolo eqvsi saukunis ganmavlobaSi,miT umetes, qveSevrdomobidan ganTavi-suflebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis Tavi-sufali asparezis mopovebis Semdeg,ganviTarebis nacvlad enis gauxeSebagamoricxulia. ukeTesad rom vTqvaT,Tu petriwis epoqidan rusTavelis epo-qamde, saxelmwifo da samwerlobo enisstatusis miRebis Semdeg, saukunenaxe-varSi SeeZlo manamde mdabio enas kla-sikur enad qceuliyo, ra unda mosvlo-da iseTi, rom farnavazis droidan,,samwerlobod gamocxadebuli“ ena pe-triwis epoqamde mdabio enad darCeni-liyo? iberias (mavanTa surviliT,qarTls) Zv.w.aR-iT 284 wlidan ax.w.aR-is 523 wlamdec xom udga Tavisuflebisada aRzevebis periodebic? magram qar-Tuli ena 1008 wlamde arasodes yofilasaxelmwifo da samwerlobo ena. amitomdarCa igi petriwis epoqamde mdabioTaenad.

kukuri fifia,(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

gancxadeba njmpdwbrogorc saqarTvelos centraluri saarCevno komisiis gancx-

adebidan gaxda cnobili, martvilis raionSi Sualedur saparla-

mento arCevnebSi didi upiratesobiT gaimarjva Cvenma megobarma

da TanamebrZolma, cnobilma diplomatma da saqarTvelos gulmx-

urvale patriotma batonma soso daneliam.

guliTadad vulocavT baton sosos damsaxurebul gamarjvebas

da vusurvebT janmrTelobasa da bednierebas, warmatebebs sadepu-

tato saqmianobaSi, raTa man mTeli Tavisi gamocdileba da Zal-

isxmeva moaxmaros mSobliuri kuTxisa da sruliad saqarTvelos

keTildReobas!

rogorc ityvian, baton sosos: “Zalac mosdevs qadilisa!”,

radgan mas gaaCnia diplomatiur, saxelmwifo da politikur

struqturebSi saqmianobis mdidari gamocdileba!

Cven yovelTvis gvwamda soso danelias gamarjvebisa, radgan

did politikaSi gamarjveba miiRweva mxolod sulieri sispetakiTa

da TavauRebeli SromiT!

kidev erTxel guliTadad gilocavT damajerebel gamarjvebas,

Zmao soso!

roland jalaRania,

daviT qobalia


ubralo mokvdavTa enaze rom vTqvaT,meoTxe saukuneSi, qristianobis gari-

JraJze, roca adamianebs jer kidev ar

hqondaT Sublze SemSrali mironi,somxebi ukve abuCad igdebdnen qris-

tianul mrwamss da arad miaCndaT

sakuTari mzakvroba qristes sarwmu-noebis mimarT. da es adamianebi dRes

krazanebiviT arian Seseuli qristes

saflavs da, samwuxarod, jer ar gamoC-nda is religiuri an saero Zala,

romelic dasvams somxebis, rogorc

mkrexelebis, qristes saflavidangarekvis sakiTxs.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ruseTis

imperiasTan SeerTebis, xolo rusebis

mier dasavleT saqarTvelos aneqsire-

bisTanave somxuri samRvdeloeba mud-

mivad cdilobda daemtkicebina, rom

somxebi kavkasiaSi gansakuTrebul

rols TamaSoben da rom istoriulad

lamis yvelaferi maTze iyo damokide-

buli. imdenad, ramdenadac saqmeSi

Caxedulma rusulma samRvdeloebam

kargad icoda somxuri monofizitizmis

veraguli buneba, da isic, rom

qarTvelebi ruseTs swored „erTmor-

wmuneobis“ egidiT SemouerTdnen, somex-

ma arqiepiskoposma iosebma somxur-

grigorianul sarwmunoebasTan

dakavSirebiT keTilSobiluri infor-

maciis gavrcelebaze izruna. 1799 wels

sanqt-peterburgSi ruseTSi

damkvidrebuli somexi xalxis ar-

qiepiskoposis iosebis wigni „somxurieklesiis qristianuli sarwmunoebis

aRmsarebloba“ gamovida. me-14 gverdze

igi qristes Taobaze wers: „erTi saxe,erTi ieri, SenivTebulia erT bunebri-

obasTan“; 50-e gverdze iosebi ganmar-

tavs, rom „bunebriobaSi“ igulisxmeba„saxe“. maSin ra saWiro iyo ori

mniSvnelovani cnebis moyvana! gasagebia,

rom iosebi Seecada somxebis monofiz-

itobis miCqmalvas. man aseve saimedod

miCqmala somexi kaTolikosis ioane

meoTxis saxelic, romelic somxur ek-

lesias wmindanad hyavs Seracxuli da

romelmac arabi musulmanebis saame-

blad qalkedoniis eklesia anaTemas

gadasca da Semdegi gadawyvetileba

gamoaqveyna: „anaTema mas, vinc ityvis,

rom qriste adamiani iyo, TavisibunebiT, rom igi iyo xorcSesxmuli

da gadaitana xorcieli wameba, eziara

sikvdils adamianTa msgavsad, anaTemamas! vinc ar aRiarebs qristes erTsax-

ovan ukvdav bunebriobad, anaTema mas!“

Tu ierusalimSi, qristes saflavze

somexTa miZalebas davakvirdebiT aRd-

gomis brwyinvale dResaswaulze

cecxlis saswaulebrivad gard-

mosvlisas, gamodis, rom ioane meoTxes

upirvelesad TviT somxebi dauwyevlia,

radgan, Tu qristes adamianur sawyiss

ar aRiareb, maSin rogor SeiZleba aRi-

aro misi saflavi, sadac, rogorc wesi,

mxolod xorcSesxmul sulierTa da-

vaneba xdeba.

RmerTebs xom saflavebi ar gaaCniaT!

somxebs yvela xerxiTa da ZaliT

surT SeaRwion qristes samarxSi da

sakuTriv miiRon uflis saswaulebrivi

madli _ wminda cecxli, magram, kvlav

uflis nebiT, araferi gamosdiT.

mociqulebisa da wminda mamebis cno-

biT, univTo cecxlma jer kidev aRd-

gomisas gaabrwyina qristes saflavi.

am naTelma daabrmava is romaeli

jariskacebi, ebraeli mRvdelmTavrebis

rCeviT rom dauyena pilatem akldamas.

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, macxovris

saflavze aSenebul taZarSi RvTaebrivi

cecxli pirvelad mesame saukuneSi

gadmovida: saaRdgomo litaniobaze

kandelebSi zeTi SemoakldaT. patriarq

narcisis kurTxeviT, isini siloamis

embazis wyliT daavses. amis Semdeg ki

zecidan gadmosulma cecxlma aanTo

yvela kandeli da ase enTo litaniobis

dasasrulamde.

mas Semdeg es saswauli yovelwliu-

rad meordeboda da meordeba dResac.

magram mavanni an uaryofen mas an

kidev mxolod simbolur mniSvnelobas

aniWeben: arc saxareba da arc msoflio

krebis arc erTi dadgenileba ar mow-

mobs amgvari saswaulis Sesaxebo. arada,

Tundac mxolod saRmrTo gadmocemac

Zalian mniSvnelovania marTlmadide-

belTaTvis: TviT mociqulebi epis-

toleebSi yvelafers ar werdnen da

acxadebdnen survils mowafeebTan

zepir saubrisas. mag. ioane maxarebeli

swers epistoleSi: “mravali mindamivwero Tquenda, aramed ara vinebe

qartiTa da normiTa, rameTu vesav

mosvlad Tquenda da pirispir sityvad”.

swored ase gadmocemiT movida uamravi

ram Cvenamde.

mavanni imasac acxadeben, aranairi

materialuri sabuTi ar arsebobs imisa,

rom es saswaulia _ es mxolod tradi-

ciuli ritualis aRsrulebaa da sim-

boluri gamoxatuleba im naTlisa,

romelic qristem soflad moitanao.

jer, erTi, mxolod simbolurisa da

sulieris danaxva saxarebasa da qris-

tianobaSi TavisTavad qristes Rvawlis

dakninebaa. marto sulieri mxare rom

yofiliyo mTavari, arc uflis gankaceba

gaxdeboda saWiro da arc jvarcma. es

monofizitTa swavlebis msgavsia _

gankacebul qristeSi mxolod RmerTis

bunebas rom xedaven da kacisas uary-

ofen. gamodis, arc Sioda, arc tkioda,

arc swyuroda da arc jvarcmisas

ganucdia tkivili mTeli sisruliT.

gamodis, mTeli misi 33 weli cxovrebisa

ar yofila... arc msxverplSewirva yofi-

la, arc jvarcma da arc gardamoxsna.

magram Cven xom zeciur cecxlze

vsaubrobdiT. materialur sabuTs iTx-

oven am saswaulis mowinaaRmdegeni. da

am sabuTad macxovris saflavze aR-

marTuli taZris erT-erTi svetic

gamodgeba: es sveti swored am cecxlma

gaapo Suaze: rogorc iciT, cecxlis

gadmosasvlelad sami pirobidan

pirveli swored isaa, rom kuvukliaSi

marTlmadidebeli patriarqi unda Sev-

ides. hoda, erTxel monofizitma somxeb-

ma moisyides Turqebi, romelTa xelSic

iyo taZris gasaRebi, gamoaZeves ierusal-

imis patriarqi da TavianTi mwyemsm-

Tavari SeuSves Sig. marTlmadidebeli

mRvdelmTavari acremlebuli dadga

erT-erTi svetis ukan _ fiqrobda, rom

Tavisi codvebis gamo ver gaxda Rirsi

kuvukliaSi yofnisa. ucbad, daiquxa,

marmarilos sveti Suaze gaipo da iqi-

dan gadmosulma cecxlma ierusalimis

patriarqis xelSi aanTo sanTlebi. es

1549 wels moxda. mas Semdeg es sveti

marTlmadideblobis utyv mowmedaa

taZris SesasvlelSi aRmarTuli.

ierusalimis patriarqTa mowmobiT,

cecxlis gardamosvlis win macxovrissaflavis fila “saucxoo ferebad

moelvare mZivis marcvlebiviT mimob-neuli margalitebiT ifareba. bambiT

Segrovebisas es margalitebi zeTis

wveTebiviT ekvrian erTmaneTs, xolobamba, romliTac am wveTebs agroveben,

siTbos gamoscems”. rogorc ki am

bambas sanTels miuaxloveben, patruqs

cecxli ekideba da sanTeli inTeba.

maSinve TavisiT inTeba macxovris

saflavis yvela kandelic. mTlianad

taZris sivrce ki cecxlis gar-

damosvlis win mocisfro elviT naT-

deba. Tavad cecxli Tbilia da ara

cxeli, da daaxloebiT 10-15 wuTis gan-

mavlobaSi arc wvavs.

cecxlis gardamosvlisaTvis au-

cilebelia kidev ori piroba: taZarSi

unda iyvnen sabawmindeli berebi da

marTlmadidebeli arabebi. sabawmindeli

berebis siRmiseuli locvis wyalobiT

iq myofTa gulebSic unda aenTos “go-

nieri” RvTaebrivi cecxli.

xolo marTlmadidebeli arabebis

rokvisa da yiJinis gareSe warmoud-

genelia cecxlis gardamosvla: isini

swored ise rokaven, rogorc ebraelebi

rokavdnen ieriqonis dacemisas an daviT

mefsalmune _ aRTqmis kidobanTan. es

ZvelaRTqmiseuli locva-RaRadisi

swored am arabebsa aqvT Semonaxuli.

sxvaTa Soris, erTxel es arabebi ga-

yares kidec taZridan, magram 6 saaTiani

uSedego lodinis Semdeg kvlav SeuSves

taZarSi da, cecxli maSinRa gadmovida.

es arabebi fotines STamomavlebi arian

_ im samariteli dedakacisa, romlis

Sesaxebac saxarebac mogviTxrobs da

romlis qalaqSi Tavad qristem iqadaga

WeSmariteba.

ufali ambobs: yurebi aqvT da ar

esmiT. Tvalebi aqvT da ver xedaven.

qristes mier Cadenil uamrav saswauls

xedavdnen, magram mainc dascines, uaryves

da jvars acves. madls moklebuli

adamianis buneba axlac igivea, rac oc-

daerTi saukunis winaT: Tuki ar ginda,

dainaxo da aRiaro, arc dainaxav da

aRiareb. sakuTari ampartavnebiT dabr-

mavebuli roca ver xedav mzes, es ar

niSnavs, rom is ar amodis da ar

anaTebs. sacodavi is ki araa, visac

mzis amosvlisa swams da uxaria, aramed

is, vinc misi naTlisa da siTbos gareSe

rCeba.

sxva ra unda iyos es, Tu ara RvTis

risxva?

albaT ikiTxavT, Tu ratom „etenebian“

somxebi am wminda adgils, Tu misi ar-

sebobisa eklesiurad ara swamT?

mxolod imitom, rom wminda cecxlis

gayidviT sakmaod soliduri fuladi

mogebis miReba SeiZleba!

somxuri TvalTmaqcobis kidev erTi

dasturi gaxlavT is, rom, rogorc ki

miiReben wminda cecxls marTlmadide-

beli patriarqisagan, kisristexiT arbian

taZris galavanze, raTa qvemoT mdgar

morwmuneebs daanaxon wminda cecxli

da “daarwmunon”, rom es saswaulmo-

qmedi cecxli swored maT miiRes

pirvelebma uflisagan. da jer kidev

ar aris zenitSi asuli taZarSi myof

morwuneTa zeimi wminda cecxlis gar-

damosvlasTan dakavSirebiT, rom somexi

terterebi xmamaRla iwyeben locvas

da cdiloben gadafaron mozeimeTa

mier “osana”-s sagalobeli, rac iq

myofi adamianebis samarTlian

guliswyromas iwvevs!

verafers ityvi, marTlac rom „san-

imuSo“ eklesia da samoqalaqo sazo-

gadoeba gaaCniaT somxebs, oRond imis

nimuSad, Tu rogori ar unda iyvnen

adamianebi da maTi sulieri moZRvrebi.an ki, rogor SeiZleba seriozulad

isaubro im erisa da misi eklesiis re-

ligiurobasa da qristianul mrwamsze,romlebic yovel dResa da wams uxeSad

arRveven qristianuli religiuri

moZRvrebis aTive mcnebas, gansakuTrebiTki, muxlebs; “ara kac-hkla”, “ara iparo”,

“ara cili swamo moyvassa Sensa wamebi-

Ta cruiTa” da “...ara guli giTqmodessaxlisa moyvasisa Senisa...”.

Rrmad Tu CavwvdebiT saqmis arss,

gamodis, rom musulmanuri sarwmunoeba

bevrad ufro axlos dgas qristian-

ulTan, vidre monofizitur-grigorian-

ul-somxuri.

magaliTad, yurani aRiarebs sam

srulqmnil qals: muhamedis dedas,

muhamedis das da mariam RvTismSobels,

TviT ieso qriste ki yuranis ramdenime

suraSi mowiwebiTaa moxseniebuli isa

winaswarmetyvelad.

ai, rogori mkrexelebi isakuTreben

qarTvelTa adgils qristes saflav-

Tan!

nuTu amis Taobaze araferi ician

im berZenma mRvdelmsaxurebma, romlebic

cdiloben yovelive qarTuli amofxikon

ierusalimis jvris monastris freske-

bidan, romelTac vandalurad

gaanadgures SoTa rusTavelis gamosax-

uleba?

ician, Zalian kargad ician, magram

isic ician, rom ierusalimis religiur

wiaRSi saqarTvelos rolis aRiareba

maT iq yofnas elvarebas daukargavs

da amitomac urCevniaT (satanis karnax-

iT), rom yovelive qarTuls xazi gadaus-

van da somxebTan erTad akeTon binZuri

fuli ierusalimis wminda miwaze.

nuTu amis Taobaze araferi ician

israelis saxelmwifos mmarTvelebma,

nuTu araferi smeniaT imis Taobaze,

rom qarTul marTlmadideblobas da

qarTul saxelmwifoebriobas

qarTvelebis mxardamxar xmliT icavd-

nen suramSi 26 saukunis win Casaxle-

buli ebraelebi?

Tu ar ician, valdebuli varT gav-

agebinoT, raTa policiis ZalebiT

garekon ierusalimis wminda adg-

ilebidan RvTismgmobeli monofiziti

somxebi da daabrunon is qarTvelebi,

romelTac istoriulad arnaxuli

msxverpli gaiRes eTnikuri da re-

ligiuri mrwamsis SesanarCuneblad.

amis dasturad mxolod is gamodgeba,

rom msoflioSi erTaderT qarTvel

ers hyavs 100.000 wmindani wamebuli,

romelTac Tavi dasdes qarTvelobisa

da qristianobisaTvis.

amitom aris aucilebeli, rom axlave

davimkvidroT Cveni adgili ierusal-

imSi, Tundac im eklesia-monastrebis

gamosyidviT, romelic Cveni Rirseuli

winaprebis mieraa agebuli.

amisaTvis ki saWiroa erT muStad

Seikras saqarTvelo, Segrovdes su-

cilebeli Tanxebi yuri gamoibertyon

qarTvelma miliarderebma da mil-

ionerebma, mTavrobam kidev ufro Dse-

moiWiros qamrebi, saqarTvelos finansTa

ministrma Tavi gaanebos batknis mw-

vadebis SekveTas, Tbilisis meri SeeSvas

milioni xis dargvis utopiur ideas

(amas ierusalimis qarTuli siwmindee-

bis dabrunebiT waxalisebuli

qarTveli eri ufro gaakeTebs) da er-

Toblivad SevagrovoT saWiro Tanxa.

saqarTvelos CinovnikTa bandam rom

mxolod 2014 wels Caijiba premiebis

Tanxa 170 milioni laris odenobiT,

marTla rom “SemoeWiraT qamrebi” am

farisevlebs, aRniSnuli TanxiT xom

erTi monastris an eklesiis SeZena

gaxdeboda SesaZlebeli?!

ase rom, vidre sakuTari stomaqis

gaqsuebis survili saxelmwifo ion-

teresebze win iqneba dayenebuli, Cveni

saSveli ara da ar iqneba!

ra Tqma unda, ivaniSvilisaTvis mad-

lobis meti ra gveTqmis xelTuqmneli

da lamis Tvalauwvdeneli samebis

sakaTedro taZris mSeneblobisaTvis,

magram xom SeiZleboda, rom Tundac

mcire Tanxa gaeRo ierusalimis qarTul

siwmindeTa gamosyidvisaTvis?

viciT, rom berZnebi yoveli saZraxisi

gziT ewinaaRmdegebian qarTvelebs, raTa

ar gamovisyidoT ierusalimis jvris

monasteri, magram aq umaRlesma xelisu-

flebamac unda gamoiRos xeli da

daaTmobinos berZnebs TavianTi arc

Tu wminda ganazraxi!

ai, ra unda gaxdes axla qarTveli

eris ZiriTadi sazrunavi!

stumrebis miRebisaTvis gaRebul

xarjebze arafers vambob, magram stu-

mari male wava da misi wasvlis Semdeg

ra dagvrCeba, amazec xom unda vfiqroT?

roland jalaRaniaJurnalisti

(gagrZeleba Semdeg nomerSi)

efeb.flmftjbt!npxzwfujmj!xnjoeb!tbmpdbwfcj


kvlav kolxuri kulturis Semoqmedi eTnosis enis Sesaxeb(ra enaze metyvelebdnen mefe aieti

da medea?)unda aRiniSnos, rom lobios kul-

tura samegreloSi farTod gamoiyenebasaWmlis mosamzadeblad. parkosnebsSoris yvelaze gemrieli saWmeliswored lobiosgan mzaddeba.samegreloSi gavrcelebulia simindSilobios SeTesvis wesi. amasTanave, mo-hyavT rogorc sanawveralo kultura,marcvlisa da nedli parkis misaRebad.fiqroben, rom lobio XVI s-is meorenaxevridan unda Semosuliyosamegrelosa da, saerTod, Savi zRvissanapiro raionebSi. aqedan ki aR-mosavleT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebula.selis, rogorc erT-erTi uZvelesisasoflo-sameurneo mcenaris,samegreloSi farTo gavrcelebazemetyvelebs toponimiuri masalac.selisgan, rogorc sarTavi kulturis-agan, ori saxis nedleuli _ sarTaviboWko da seli miiReba. uxeSiboWkosagan iqsoveboda tomrebi, mzad-deboda Tokebi, saTevzao da miminosdasaWeri badeebi. didi simtkice dagamZleoba axasiaTebda kanafsac, risgamoc mas farTo gamoyeneba hqondasamegrelos soflis meurneobaSi.kanafi saukeTeso saSualeba iyo tom-rebis, badeebis, Tokebis, Rvedebisa damisTanaTa dasamzadeblad.

megreli meurneebi flobdnen baR-bostnis gaSeneba-movlis xelovnebasac.es sakiTxic wignis pirvel TavSi calkeparagrafad aris Sesuli. baRCeulikulturebidan samegreloSi farTogavrcelebas poulobs erTwliani mcena-reebi: sazamTro (megr. xaburzaki) danesvi (megr. Sinka). SedarebiT axalikulturaa gogra (megr. kbeSis/kopeSia).sakvebi elementebiT mdidar niadagebzees baRCeuli kulturebi did mosavalsiZleva. aseTi niadagebia ZiriTadadaxlad gatexili yamiri, axo, agreTvemdinarispira Walebi. eTnografiulimasalis mixedviT mosavlis sim-ravlisTvis xdeboda niadagisganoyiereba wurwufiT, JiJaTi (iqve: 44).bostanSi iTeseba agreTve xaji (cercvi),sotelia (wiTeli fxali), zafana(pilpili), makindoli (oxraxuSi), kintiri(kitri), pamindori (pomidori)...

meore Tavis 2. 1. 9 paragrafSi (,,xex-ili“) d. SavianiZe aRniSnavs, romsamegreloSi vazis jiSebis mraval-ricxovnebaze mikrotoponimiac migvaniS-nebs. g. eliavas avtorobiT 1977 welsgamocemuli wignidan (,,abaSisa dagegeWkoris raionebis toponimika“)damowmebul toponimebs Soris avtorisailustraciod asaxelebs oiagvanes,,saqvevros“ (adg. sof. TamakonSi), magrames swori ar aris: toponimi ,,oiagvane“miuTiTebs qvevris dasamzadeblad var-gisi niadagis gavrcelebis arealzekonkretul geografiul garemoSi, sof.TamakonSi, da mas araviTari kavSiriara aqvs vazis jiSTan (iqve: 47).

naSromSi saTanado yuradReba eTmobaTxilis kulturas, rac TanamedrovesamegreloSi Semosavlis erT-erTimniSvnelovani wyaroa megreli meur-nisaTvis. axuTel guram ubiriasaganCawerili masalis mixedviT Txiliirgveba ianvar-TebervalSi, 25 sm siRrmismqone ormoebSi. rigTaSoris manZili 5m unda iyos, xolo boqvebsSoris da-Soreba _ 2 m. erT adgilze unda dair-gos ori, maqsimum oTxi Reri. april-maisSi, nawvimarze, saWiroa 100-200 gramisasuqis Setana Semobarul miwaze.dasaxelebulia Txilis jiSebic: skveriTxiri (Tiknisyura), baxva Txiri, damski(dedoflis TiTebi), tyis Txiri, gvagvaTxiri, berZnuli da xojTxiri ,,xarisT-vala Txili“ (iqve: 46).

sainteresoa avtoris msjeloba mwar-moebluri da aramwarmoebluri meur-neobis tradiciul dargebze (mesaqon-leoba, meRoreoba), agreTve saqonlismravloba-SenarCunebasa da daavadebeb-Tan dakavSirebul rwmena-warmod-genebze. sarecenzio naSromSi aRniSnu-lia, rom megrelis sameurneo yofaSididi mniSvneloba eniWeboda cxens, ro-gorc tvirTgadasazid, samgzavro dagamwev saSualebas. cxens iyenebdnensportul sanaxaobebSi. damowmebuliacxenis gaxednasTan da dadaRvasTan,cxenis gamravlebasTan dakavSirebuli

eTnologiuri masala. gadmocemebSi Se-monaxula cxenosnobiT, anu vaJkacobiTganTqmul mxedarTa saxelebic (dimitri,baCuka, jemal da omex Ciqavebi, SoTadgebuaZe, silovan, bagrat da adamurnarmaniebi, jeiran xubua...).

samegrelos eTnografiis sakiTxebiTdainteresebuli mkiTxvelebi da spe-cialistebi wignSi mraval sainteresoinformacias waawydebian mefutkreobis,monadireobis, meTevzeobis, meabreSumeo-bis, saojaxo mefrinveleobis sakiTxe-bze, agreTve sameurneo yofasTandakavSirebul rwmena-warmodgenebsa datradiciul wes-Cveulebebze. aq mokledSevexebiT meabreSumeobis sakiTxebs,ramdenadac igi Cveni qveynis erovnulimeurneobis uZvelesi da metadmniSvnelovani dargi iyo.

meabreSumeobis ganviTarebassaqarTveloSi kargi bunebrivi pirobebida xelsayreli geografiuli garemoqmnida. amasTanave, aq gadioda msxvilisaqaravno gzebi. gzebs Soris upirve-lesi _ abreSumis didi gzasaqarTvelozec gadioda, magram masSemdeg, rac axali sanaosno gzebi iqnaaRmoCenili, abreSumis didma gzam fun-qcionireba Sewyvita. 1900 wlis monace-mebiT samegrelos sasaqonlo produq-ciaSi meabreSumeobis xvedriTi wiliSeadgenda senakis mazraSi 71, 4 %-s,xolo zugdidis mazraSi _ 58, 7 %-s.specialistTa azriT, ,,saqarTveloSimeabreSumeoba yovelTvis ganixilebodarogorc qveynis ekonomikis ganmtkice-bis, soflad SromiTi resursebisracionaluri gamoyenebis, savalutoSemosavlebis mniSvnelovani wyaro damudmivi sagani... maRalxarisxovani qar-Tuli abreSumi didi popularobiTsargeblobda msoflio bazarze.mravali saukunis manZilze meabre-Sumeoba saqarTveloSi mosaxleobiserT-erT ZiriTad mosaqmeobas warmoad-genda“ (goCa nikoleiSvili, giorginikoleiSvili, meabreSumeobisekonomikuri efeqtianoba da misi po-tencialis gamoyenebis srulyofis gze-bi sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi. Tb.,2005: 24). samwuxarod, TuTis nargaobisganadgurebam saqarTveloSi dRes ufrofarTo masStabebi SeiZina, vidre massaukuneTa miRma hqonda adgili. Tumca,warsulisgan gansxvavebiT dRes es Sin-auris xeliT keTdeba, rac barbarosTaqmedebaze uaresia (iqve: 25).

saqarTveloSi mefutkreobis uxso-vari droidan gavrcelebaze ZveliberZnuli wyaroebi mogviTxrobs.berZeni istorikosis _ qsenofontiscnobiT, saqarTveloSi futkris ojaxe-bi uCveulod bevri yofila. trapizo-nis maxloblad, kolxTa erT-erTsofelSi, 10.000 berZeni meomari ma-Trobela Tafls mouwamlavs. pompeusigvauwyebs, rom maTrobela TafliTgabruebuli mteri kolxebs daumar-cxebiaT kidec. futkris gavrcelebazemogviTxrobs agreTve XVIII saukuneSimoRvawe didi qarTveli istorikosida geografi vaxuSti bagrationi. sare-cenzio wignis meore TavSi calkeparagrafad warmodgeniliasamegreloSi meurneobis farTodgavrcelebul dargTa SorisgamorCeuli mefutkreobis sakiTxebi,futkris movlasTan dakavSirebulieTnografiuli masala da xalxurirwmena-warmodgenebi (iqve: 62-67).

mesame TavSi ganxilulia xelosno-ba-Sinamrewvelobis (meWurWleoba,feiqroba, mWedloba, Wis Txra, wisqvilisawyoba-muSaoba, wnuli Robis gakeTeba,transportis xalxuri saxeobani) sak-iTxebi.

meoTxe TavSi mkvlevari aanalizebsdasaxlebis tipebTan, sacxovrebel dasameurneo nagebobebTan dakavSirebuleTnografiul masalas. sacxovrebelnagebobebze msjelobisas d. SavianiZeimowmebs eTnografiul CanawerebsgamoCenili qarTveli mecnieris, prof.sergi makalaTias wignidan _ ,,samegre-los istoria da eTnografia“ dadasZens, rom ,,facxaze, jargvalze, godo-ra anu pitaficara saxlze meti eTno-grafiuli masala TiTqmis aRarmoipoveba“ (iqve: 105). sainteresoasamegreloSi boZebze dadgmuli sacx-ovrebeli saxlis tipis _ oda saxlis

saxelwodebad mkvlevris mier saRdarisdamowmebis faqti.

sacxovrebel da sameurneo nagebobe-bze, dgam-avejsa da WurWelze msjelo-bisas sasurveli iyo d. SavianiZesgaeTvaliswinebina g. eliavas ori naS-romi _ ,,mxareTmcodnis TvaliT“, sadacerT-erTi Tavi megruli kar-midamos(maxorobas) aRweras eZRvneba, da 1989wels gamocemuli ,,eTnografiulisamegrelo. albomi“. gasaziarebelia avtoris mosazreba

imasTan dakavSirebiT, romsaqarTveloSi axalma yofam gamoiwviawinaparTa mier gamoyenebuli sayofacx-ovrebo nivTebisa da avejis Secvla.maTi formisa da funqciis aRdgenagaZnelebulia SemorCenili nivTierimasalis fragmentulobis gamo. mar-Talia, ,,tradiciuli urTierTobebis,sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebis Seno-ba-nagebobebis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb in-formacia Zveli yofis momswre mTxro-belebTan fiqsirdeba“ (iqve: 111), magramsakvlev sakiTxebze wignis avtori uxvda mravalferovan eTnologiurmasalas waawydeboda samecniero-sale-qsikono masalebSic. ase, magaliTad,alio qobalias ,,megruli leqsikoni“(Tb., 2010) am TvalsazrisiT friadmniSvnelovani wyaroa. Tumca, samwuxar-od, wignisaTvis darTuli gamoyenebulisamecniero literaturis CamonaTvalSig. eliavas zemoT dasaxelebuli, asevecalkeuli eTnografiuli Sromebi daa. qobalias xsenebuli leqsikoni mi-TiTebuli ar aris.

wignis mexuTe-meeqvse TavebSi ganx-ilulia saojaxo yofasa da Cacmu-lobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.meSvide TavSi mocemulia sakuTarisaxelebis, mkvidr da mosul gvarTasadauroba-warmomavlobis, gvarTa Sorisqorwinebis akrZalva-daSvebis, sagvareu-lo salocavebisa da sxva sakiTxebTandakavSirebuli mdidari eTnoistori-uli masala. dasaxelebuliasamegreloSi gavrcelebuli, adamianTazogierTi saxeli da metsaxeli.

merve TavSi _ ,,religiuridResaswaulebi da rwmena-warmodgenebi“,mkvlevari SeniSnavs, rom samegreloSiuxvad arsebobs legenda-gadmocemebimnaTobTa da xe-mcenareTa Tayvanisce-maze, mnaTob-RvTaebaTa Svideulze, av-sulebze, religiuri xasiaTis Tqmule-bebi qristian wmida mowameTa _ wm.giorgisa da wm. elias yovlisSem-Zleobaze (iqve: 130-134). ,,samegreloSi,_ wers d. SavianiZe, _ xe-mcenareTa Tay-vaniscemis damamtkicebelia Wyondidi_ didi muxa, muxis msaxurebis salocaviadgili. aRniSnuli faqti uTuod ,,xeTamsaxurebis“ dasturia“ (iqve: 135). amSemTxvevaSi, rogorc Cans, avtorismsjeloba emyareba akad. ivane javax-iSvilis wignSi (,,qarTveli eris isto-ria“, tomi pirveli) warmodgenil eTno-grafiul masalas.

avtoris cnobiT, walenjixis raionissoflebSi aRiniSneboda dResaswaulebi,rasac msxverplSewirvac axlda. maTSoris asaxelebs sanwkelos da wers,rom nwkel-RvTaebasTan dakavSirebiTmasala mopovebuli ar aris, magramirkveva, rom sanwkelos ixdidnen Se-modgomaze. maranSi Camarxuli am sa-locavi qvevris Tavze ,,dinoebis“ wevre-bi daiCoqebdnen, xolo uxucesi SemdegisityvebiT dailoceboda: ,,mardian Ro-ronT, nwkel, sqani tibini si qomuCi ma,Cqim moTas do gimnaWyans“ (madlianoRmerTo, nwkel, momeci Seni wyaloba me,Cems Svilebs, SviliSvilebs da nagrams)“(iqve: 138).

sakiTxis kvlevis TvalsazrisiTsagulisxmoa is faqti, rom istoriulisamurzayanos teritoriaze, galis raio-nis sofel xoleSi, mdinare eriswylismarcxena mxares mdebare maRlobswkelkars eZaxian. igi samecniero lit-eraturaSi cnobilia Sua saukuneebisarqiteqturuli ZegliT, kerZod, X sauku-niT daTariRebuli darbazuli tipiseklesiiT. eklesiis nangrevebSi aR-moCenili nusxuri warwerebi SeiswavlesT. barnavelma da l. ServaSiZem. enaT-mecnier paata cxadaias azriT, ,,wkelka-ris“ gramatikuli, leqsikuri da eti-mologiuri (motivirebis Tval-sazrisiT) gaazreba iZleva imis Sesa-

Zleblobas, rom es saxelwodeba megrultoponimikur sistemas mivakuTvnoT.mkvlevari imowmebs samurzayanoelTaganmartebas imis Sesaxeb, rom wkelis,igive mancxvarwkelis Tu miqel-gabrielis xati esvena eriswylis mar-cxena mxares, maRlobze mdgari wyavisxisZiras. xesTan salocavad misuliavadmyofebi RmerTs gankurnebas Ses-Txovdnen (p. cxadaia, samurzayanos is-toriuli da Tanamedrove toponimia,Tb., 2004: 30). samurzayanos geografiulsaxelwodebaTa leqsikonSi toponim,,wkelkaris“ etimologiaze msjelo-bisas p. cxadaia da v. jojua SeniSnaven,rom saxelwodeba miRebulia xatis anadgilis saxelze arsebiTi saxelis _karis darTviT. maT toponimi wkelkarigaiazres, rogorc ,,wkelis samyofiadgilis win an irgvliv mdebare ter-itoria“ (p. cxadaia, v. jojua, samurza-yanos geografiuli saxelwodebani, Tb.,2003: 208).

Cven mier Cawerili gadmocemis mixed-viT eklesiis saxelwodeba ukavSirdebaodesRac am adgilas salocav xed miC-neuli wyavis arsebobas. wyeli, wyi(i),wyou megrulSi aRniSnavs wyavs. wyei-fSqeric igivea, rac wyavi. magram, amas-Tanave, gasaTvaliswinebelia wkelisityvis mniSvneloba samurzayanosmegrulSi. esaa ,,meoxi; xelis Semwyobi“.a. qobalias ,,megrul leqsikonSi“ mancx-var-wkneli uflis epiTetadaa miCneulida ganmartebulia, rogorc ,,meox-macx-ovari“, xolo wkel-mancxvari, rogorc,,meoxi da macxovnebeli“ (a. qobalia,megruli leqsikoni, Tb., 2010: 389, 698).

im garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romwkelkari eklesiis saxelia, savsebiTlogikurad gveCveneba xatis saxel-wodebad misi gaazreba. maSasadame,wkelkari, Cveni azriT, ,,meoxiskaria“,sadac wkeli wmindanis (an wmindanTa)epiTetia, iseve, rogorc xangarami,,laxvrosani“, jege/jgege ,,wminda, wmin-dani“, da zogadad, SesaZlebelia, miemar-Teboda macxovars, an wmida giorgis.wkelkari unda darqmeoda im adgils,sadac adamianTa Semwe romelime wmin-danis xati iyo dasvenebuli (msjelo-bisaTvis vrclad ix. i. kekelia, ,,wkelka-ris“ etimologiisTvis. kr. ,,istori-ul-eTnologiuri Ziebani“, XVI, 2014: 238-242).

daviT SavianiZis mier moZiebulieTnografiuli masalis gaanalizebiTSesaZlebelia vifiqroT, rom engur-kodoris SuamdinareTis afxazTaganrbeva-aoxrebis Semdeg, XVII-XVIII ss-Siwkelkaris xati xifaTs gamoarides damd. enguris marcxena mxares, Taname-drove walenjixis raionis teritori-aze miuCines bina, sadac sanwkelo,,xvamac“ gaagrZeles kidec.merve TavSi calke paragrafad war-

modgenilia ,,qristianuli, sinkretize-buli dResaswaulebi, wes-Cveulebebi“.damowmebulia barbaroba/barbalobis,Soba-axali wlis, didi oxvameris,naTlisRebis, Tedorobis, eliaobis,Tanafas ,,aRdgomis“ ritualebis am-saxveli axali eTnologiuri masala.avtori aRdgomis Sesatyvisad miu-TiTebs ,,Tanafas“, magram arafers ambobsimaze, rom Sobas samegreloSi qi(r)ses,axal wels _ kalandas, naTlisRebas _wakurTxias, Tedorobas _Terdobas/Tordobas, eliaobas _ eiobasrom eZaxian...

samwignobro qarTulsa da megrulSikviris dReTa saxelebs Soris d. Sa-vianiZe ,,SabaTis“ megrul Sesatyvisadasaxelebs sabatoni formas. sasurveliiyo SabaTis Sesatyvis paralelurformad berZnulidan nasesxeb sabatoni(berZn. “sabbaton“, Zv. ebr. ,,Sabbat“,laT. ,,sabbatum“, germ. ,,sabbat-Sabbes”,rus. ,,subbota“) formasTan erTad av-tors mieTiTebina SuriSxa/SuriS dRa,rac ,,sulis dRes, micvalebulTa sulisxsenebis dRes“ niSnavs. megruli war-marTuli SviddRiuri sistemis am erTiwevris Sesaxeb msjeloba mocemuliag. eliavas ramdenime publikaciaSi (g.eliava, 1989: 76, 120, da iqve miTiTebulilit-ra).

igor kekelia,istoriis doqtori

(dasasruli Semdeg nomerSi)


dRes didi aurzauria atexilitelekompania “rusTavi 2”-is garSemoda ra “sagmiro saqmeebs” ar miawerenmas, rom is aris sityvis Tavisuflebisada demokratiisTvis mebrZolTamedroSe, da rom mxolod is aris er-TaderTi miukerZoebuli sainformaciowyaro da mxolod misgan ityobsmosaxleoba simarTles.

viTarebis daZabva ki moqmedi kon-stituciis Sedegia, radgan ZiriTadikanoni iseTi daubalansebeli daurTierTsawinaaRmdego muxlebs Se-icavs, rom dRemde ver garkveulan, vinaris qveynis pirveli piri da raformis mmarTvelobaa dRes sax-elmwifoSi, premier-ministr irakliRaribaSvils, misi demokratiulobisada didi moTminebis gamo (zogierTses mis sisusted miaCnia), Zalauflebasecilebian: prezidenti, “nacmoZraoba”,“rusTavi 2”, arasaparlamento opoziciisnawili da arasamTavroboebi.

am sakiTxze konstituciis sruliucodinaroba gamoamJRavnes, rogorcprezidentma, aseve Jurnalistma giorgigabuniam 5 oqtombers telekompania“rusTavi 2”-Si prezidentis stumro-bisas kiTxva-pasuxis dros.

Jurnalistis kiTxvidan _ “ratomar daxvda saxelmwifos meTaurs aSS-Si saqarTvelos elCi da ratom araxlda mas gadaadgilebisas da Sexve-drebisas?” _ gamoCnda, rom maT kon-stitucia, araTu Seswavlili, wakiTx-ulic ar aqvT.

da radgan asea, minda, maT kideverTxel Sevaxseno, rom:

* saxelmwifos meTauri ukve aRararis umaRlesi warmomadgeneli sagareourTierTobebSi, igi saqarTvelos war-moadgens iseTive uflebebiT, rogori-Tac mTavrobis wevrebi, qveynis aRmas-rulebeli xelisuflebis umaRlesiorganos xelmZRvaneli ki aris pre-mierministri, swored is xelmZR-vanelobs saxelmwifos saSinao dasagareo politikas da ara prezidenti.prezidents CamoerTva ufleba mTavro-bis wardginebis gareSe daniSnos angaaTavisuflos elCebi da diplo-matiuri misiis sxva warmomadgenlebi.

amis garda, mTavrobasTan SeuTanxme-blad saxelmwifos meTauri:

* ver awarmoebs molaparakebebs sxvasaxelmwifoebTan da saerTaSoriso or-ganizaciebTan;

* ver dadebs saerTaSorisoxelSekrulebebsa da SeTanxmebebs;

* ver miiRebs sxva saxelmwifoebisada saerTaSoriso organizaciebis el-Cebisa da diplomatiuri warmomadgen-lebis akreditacias.

da radganac prezidentis uflebebi

sagareo urTierTobebis sakiTxebSiaseTi SezRudulia da mas mTavrobisnebarTvis gareSe am sferoSidamoukidebeli moqmedebis praqtikuladyvela ufleba CamoerTva, maSin Tavis-Tavad Cndeba kiTxva: risTvis da ramizniT Cavida giorgi margvelaSviliaSS-Si _ rogorc stumari, Tu rogorcturisti?

da ratom unda xleboda saqarTve-los elCi aSS-Si, arCil gegeSiZe,samuSao vizitiT amerikaSi myof prezi-dents, maSin, rodesac iq imave periodSioficialuri vizitiT imyofeboda qvey-nis pirveli piri sagareo saqmeTa min-istrisa da erovnuli uSiSroebis sab-Wos wevrebTan erTad?

risTvis dasWirdaT Jurnalistebsada sxvebs am martivi sakiTxis aseTipolitizeba?

cnobisaTvis: israelSi prezidentsara aqvs ufleba, datovos qveyana qne-seTis nebarTvis gareSe, xolo brazili-is prezidents parlamentis nebarTvasWirdeba imisTvis, rom sazRvargareT15 dReze meti dahyos.

Jurnalistebsa am sakiTxis poli-tizeba imitom xom ar dasWirdaT, romsazogadoeba uaryofiTad damuxton,SecdomaSi Seiyvanon da amiT aexsnaTmosaxleobisaTvis, ai Turme, rogor Ca-gravs mTavroba qveynis pirvel pirso(maTi azriT)?

mxolod am kiTxvidanac ki sakmaodkargad Cans zogierTi Jurnalistisprofesionalizmi, saxelmwifoebriviazrovnebis done da miukerZoebloba.

dRes premierministri mixeilsaakaSvili rom yofiliyo, darwmuneb-uli var, prezidenti giorgi margve-laSvili araTu aSS-Si ver gaemgza-vreboda, aramed ukve didi xnis winaTiqneboda prezidentis sasaxlidan gamo-brZanebuli da kanonebze xelis mosaw-erad TviTon Cavidoda quTaisSi. ZaliansaxifaTod da uadgilod sargeblobsis premierisa da parlamentis moT-minebiT.

magram am vizitsa da interviuSi esar aris mTavari.

mTavari is aris, rom amiT zustaddadginda: prezidenti arakompetenturiaqveynis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis sak-iTxebSi _ im momentSi, rodesacqveyanaSi ar imyofebodnen premiermin-istri, Tavdacvis ministri daSeiaraRebuli Zalebis generaluriStabis ufrosi (es pirvelma general-leitenantma guram nikolaiSvilma Seam-Cnia) da, miuxedavad sagareo saqmeTaministris rCevisa, gadaedo gamgzavreba,prezidentma mainc miatova qveyana (Seg-nebulad, Tu Seugneblad _ es sakiTxisakonstitucio sasamarTlosa da par-

lamentis gasarkvevia) da ucxoeTSigaemgzavra. ase darCa qveyana yvelazemniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebis mim-Rebi pirebis gareSe. am qmedebiT prezi-dentma daadastura qveynisa da Ziri-Tadi kanonisadmi upativcemuloba, da,albaT, daaviwyda, rom konstituciiTsaxelmwifos meTauri aris samxedroZalebis umaRlesi mTavarsardali, qvey-nis erTianobisa da erovnulidamoukideblobis garanti (da ara kon-stituciis) da mis gansakuTrebuluflebaSi Sedis gamoacxados saomarimdgomareoba, romelsac premiermin-istris kontrasignacia ar sWirdeba.

rodesac saqarTvelos prezidentisuflebas Seadareb saprezidento sax-elmwifoebis prezidentebis (magaliTadsafrangeTis) uflebamosilebas am sak-iTxSi, advilad mixvdebiT, Tu ra da-balia wina mowvevis parlamentarebisazrovnebis done (zogierTis gamok-lebiT), radganac safrangeTis prezi-denti aseT gadawyvetilebas iRebs mx-olod “premier-ministrTan, palatebisTavmjdomareebTan, sakonstitucio sab-WosTan konsultaciebis Semdeg” (m. 16).xolo TurqeTis prezidenti: “prezi-

dentis TavmjdomareobiT Sekrebil min-istrTa sabWos, erovnuli uSiSroebissabWos SexedulebaTa gaTvaliswinebiTSeuZlia gamoacxados samxedro mdgo-mareoba” (m. 122).CvenTan ki premierministrs, realurad

qveynis pirvel pirs, ZiriTadi kanonis73’-e muxlis me-3 punqtma waarTva aseTigadawyvetilebis miRebaSi monawileobisufleba.

parlamentarebi da Sesworebebis av-torebi ise zereled moeqcnen am dasxva muxlebs, rom verc ki SeamCnies,Tu rogor mianiWes prezidents saomarimdgomareobis gauqmebis ufleba, romel-ic adre parlaments ekuTvnoda (m. 50, p.3’).

an ra, parlamentarebi, sakonstituciokomisiis wevrebi, arasamTavroboebi daiuristebi ver amCneven, rom:

* prezidenti ficis dadebis magivradgancxadebas akeTebs?

* ZiriTadi kanonis romeli muxliiTvaliswinebs prezidentis an parla-mentis monawileobas mTavrobis wevre-bis Tanamdebobebze daniSvna-ganTavi-suflebaSi?

* konstitucia garantirebul damar-cxebaze orientirebuli dokumentia?

amas namdvilad ver xedaven is poli-tikuri partiebi, romlebic moiTxovenmxolod maJoritari deputatebisarCevnebis wesis gauqmebas, magram sxvebikargad amCneven, rom maT es aurzaurimxolod xelisuflebaSi mosaxvedradsWirdebaT.

da, radganac moqmedi konstituciakonkretul pirovnebazea morgebulida saxelmwifosaTvis bevr saxifaTorisks Seicavs, rac dRevandelma situa-ciamac daadastura, mizanSewonilia:

konstitucia daubrundes Tavis pir-vandel variants, manamde ki Sesworebe-bia Sesatani 50-e, 69-e, 71-e, 73-e, 98-e dame-100 muxlebSi, romlebic exeba qveynisTavdacvisa da uSiSroebis sakiTxebs.

rac Seexeba prezidents, misi ufle-bamosilebidan mizanSewonilia amoRe-bul iqnas:

* mTavrobasTan, an sxva kompetenturorganosTan SeTanxmebis gareSe gamoacx-ados saomari mdgomareoba;

* SezRudos moqalaqeobisa da TavS-esafris micemis ufleba ucxo qveynebismoqalaqeebisaTvis.

da radganac Sesworebebi konkretu-lad mixeil saakaSvilze iyo morgebu-li, romelic 100% iyo darwmunebuli,rom mxolod is iqneboda momavalipremierministri (is, rom Sesworebebikonkretul pirovnebaze iyo gaTvlili,irakli RaribaSvilma 24 agvistos kon-stituciis miRebis 20 wlisTavisadmimiZRvnil RonisZiebaze ganacxada).

an iaraRis samalavebis arsebobarad Rirs! es Tema dResac Zalian aq-tualuria. risTvis emzadeboda darisTvis sWirdeboda iaraRi “nac-moZraobas”? gasaocaria, ratom ar arisgamoZiebuli dRemde es danaSauli.yofili Tavdacvis ministris _ dimitriSaSkinis mtkiceba, rom es iaraRi par-tizanuli moZraobisaTvis iyogankuTvnili, kritikas ver uZlebs.dasadgenia kidev sad imaleba iaraRi.iqneb isev SaSkinisgan SevityoT.

yofili prezidentis fsiqikidan, xas-iaTidan da qmedebebidan gamomdinaregamoricxuli iyo, rom ZiriTadi kanonidemokratiuli da sityvis, adamianebisuflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dam-cveli yofiliyo. is xom parlamentsdascinoda, abuCad igdebda, parla-mentarebs ki Tavmoyvareoba waarTva(zogierTis gamoklebiT).

da, Tu dRes prezidenti, sakonstitu-cio sasamarTlo, “rusTavi 2”-is Jur-nalistebi da iuristebi ver erkvevian,vin vin aris, es wina parlamentis, prezi-dentis, veneciis komisiis, germanelieqspertebisa da evropis saxalxo par-tiis bralia. aseTi konstitucia diq-taturis dasamyareblad ufroamomzadebuli, vidre demokratiiszeimisTvis.

pativiscemiT,aleqsandre tolstoi

prezidenti arakompetenturia qveynis Tavdacvisa da uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi

“nacmoZraobis” mier kanonmdeblobaSi Setanili cvlilebebi, romelic bumerangiviT ubrundebaT ukanuflebadamcvelebi im sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebze saubroben, romlebic “na-cionaluri moZraobis” xelisuflebaSiyofnis dros ganxorcielda, axla kiswored am partiis wevrebi akritikeben.xSirad es cvlilebebi maT bumeran-giviT ubrundebaT. bolo muxliT,romelic “nacionalur moZraobas”bumerangiviT miubrunda, gigi ugulavasSeeqmna problemebi. saubaria sisxlissamarTlis saproceso kodeqsis immuxlis normatiul Sinaarsze, romelicuSvebs, konkretuli sisxlis samarTlissaqmeze braldebulis patimrobas, Tuam saqmeze bralis wayenebis an braliswayenebisTvis sakmarisi safuZvlisgamovlenis Semdeg mas patimrobaSierToblivad gatarebuli aqvs 9 Tvemis mimarT mimdinare nebismierisisxlis samarTlis saqmis farglebSi.

uflebadamcvel lia muxaSavriasTqmiT, “nacionalurma moZraobam” Tavisdroze xelisuflebaSi yofnis drosseriozuli “samuSao” gaswia, rodesackanonmdeblobaSi uamravi cvlilebaSeitana.

“konstitucia icvleboda ise, rogorces “nacmoZraobas” awyobda da xandaxankanonSi cvlileba konkretuli adamianiswinaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebebs ergebodaxolme. parlamenti ar iyo damoukide-beli, is aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisda prezident saakaSvilis gankargule-bebs emorCileboda.

es yvelaferi mzaddeboda iusticiissaministroSi da mere uapelaciod ga-dioda, xandaxan daCqarebuli dagamartivebuli wesiT ise, rom mosmenacar imarTeboda. rodesac “qarTuli oc-neba” xelisuflebaSi movida, mqondamolodini, rom parlamentSi daiwyebodamuSaoba moqmedi kanonmdeblobidan am“nagvis gasatanad”, _ ambobs lia mux-aSavria.

uflebadamcvelis TqmiT, “nacmoZrao-bis” dros Setanili sakanonmdeblocvlilebebi arc “qarTuli ocnebis”dros Seicvala da rogorc is ambobs,es “damarxuli naRmebi” drodadroafeTqdeba.

misive TqmiT, konstituciiT dawye-buli, saproceso kanonmdeblobiT daorganuli kanoniT damTavrebulicvlilebebi yvelgan Setanilia, erT-erTi ki saarCevno sistemaa.

“am cvlilebebis mixedviT, aucile-beli aRar aris imis garkveva, arCevnebzera raodenobis amomrCeveli miva,arCevnebi yvela SemTxvevaSi Catarebu-lad iTvleba, es ase ar iyo da maTgaakeTes.rodesac sazogadoeba arCevnebSi

monawileobaze uars ambobs, es pasiuridamokidebuleba am sazogadoebasaranair sikeTes ar uqadis, piriqiT amdros politikuri partiis mxardamW-erebi organizebulad midian arCevnebze,xmas aZleven imas, visac undaT rom xma

miscen da is xmebi didi umravlesobiTam politikuri partiis warmomadgen-lebs mandatebs aZlevs”.muxaSavrias TqmiT, kidev erTi

cvlileba sagadasaxado sistemaSi Se-vida, rodesac Semosavlebis samsaxursganusazRvreli uflebamosileba mieniWada maT piris qonebis dayadaRebasasamarTloSi ganxilvis gareSe Seu-ZliaT.

“mere Tu marTali xar, unda irbinosasamarTloSi da Seni simarTle Senunda amtkico, rac gadasaxadis gadam-xdels Zalian mZime mdgomareobaSi ayenebs,es yvelaferi gakeTda da Seiqmna sworedsaakaSvilis periodSi. manamde mxareebimet-naklebad Tanasworni iyvnen.is, rac “rusTavi 2”-is saqmeze moxda,

aseTi aJiotaJi atyda, Tumca es proce-durebi saakaSvilis dros SemoRebulia.axla rom ar moswons viRacas, rocaSemoiRes maSin moswondaT imitom, rommaT interesebSi iyo da konkretuladviRacis winaaRmdeg iqna gamoyenebuli”,_ ambobs lia muxaSavria.

“siais” iuristis, giorgi gociriZisTqmiT, 1995 wlidan dRemde konstitu-ciaSi 33 cvlilebaa Setanili, maTi um-ravlesoba ki “nacmoZraobis” drosganxorcielda.

“konstituciaSi 20-mde cvlilebaswored “nacionaluri moZraobis” drosaris Setanili. arsebiTi cvlilebaiyo 2004 da 2010 wels. 2004 wels

cvlilebis mixedviT, saqarTvelosaprezidentodan naxevrad sapreziden-to modelze gadavida, xolo 2010 welsqveyana Sereul, saparlamento modelzeiqna gadayvanili.erT-erTi maTi cvlileba saarCevno

sistemasTan dakavSirebiT 2008 welsganxorcielebuli cvlilebaa, rodesacmaJoritarul saarCevno sistemaSi 73maJoritaruli olqi Seqmnes da dResisini swored am cvlilebas ewinaaR-mdegebian”, _ ambobs giorgi gociriZe. iuristis TqmiT, “nacmoZraobis” dros

konstituciaSi Sevida iseTi cvlile-bebi, rogoric aris saxelmwifo auditissamsaxurTan dakavSirebiT Sesulicvlileba, quTaisis saqarTvelossaparlamento qalaqad gansazRvrasTandakavSirebiT Setanili cvlileba.

prokuraturis statusTandakavSirebiT cvlileba – rodesacsaqarTvelos yofili prezidentis ed-uard SevardnaZis dros prokuraturasasamarTlo sistemis Semadgeneli naw-ili iyo, Semdgom gadavida aRmasrule-beli xelisuflebis SemadgenlobaSi,bolos ki iusticiis saministros dae-qvemdebara.

misive TqmiT, “nacmoZraobis” drosgakeTebuli amdeni cvlileba SesaZle-belia, radgan ori mowvevis parlamentSi“nacmoZraoba” sakonstitucio umravle-sobas qmnida.

Tako esebua


saTaurSi CamoTvlil pirovnebaTaSoris Cemi didi xnis megobaric (axla,roca naTelmxilveli da eqstrasensigaxda, ar vici, ra azrisaa Cvens megob-robaze, magram adre namdvilad megob-robda CemTan) urevia, magram,aristotelesi ar iyo _ platonze romTqva: “platoni Cemi megobaria, magramWeSmariteba ufro Zvirfasia CemTvis”!progresulad moazrovne (e.w. lib-

erastebi ara myavs mxedvelobaSi _ av-tori) xandazmuli pirovnebebisagangamigonia _ adamianebs ucnauriTviseba sWirT. roca raime problemasSerCebian pirispir, nacvlad imisa, romgamosavali eZebon, mkiTxavebTan gar-bian da ukanasknel kapikebs maTabareben xolmeo. gasagebia, romfsiqologiuri muxti, romelsac mkiTx-avi ganiWebs, SeiZleba winaaRmdegobisgadalaxvis mZlavr stimulad iqces, ma-gram isic unda icode, rom mkiTxavi re-alurad ki ar ganWvritavs Sens winaSewamoWril siZneleebs, aramed cdilobsSenve gaTqmevinos Seni problemis arsida, aqedan gamomdinare, giTxras wamax-alisebeli sityvebi, rac bednieri mo-mavlis imeds gagiZlierebT,mosalodneli warmatebis sulsCagberavT, magram didad ver dagexmare-baT samomavlo problemuri amocanebisgadaWraSi.

mokled rom vTqvaT, mkiTxavi,ubralod, imedismomcemi sityvebiTgatyuebT da cdilobs rac SeiZlebameti fuli dagcincloT!

Tu Cemi ar gjeraT, Tavad gaaCereTquCaSi “arifebze” monadire boSa mk-

iTxavi da wamsve darwmundebiT amsityvebis WeSmaritebaSi.mkiTxavisa da winaswarmetyvelis

instituti rom araxalia (igi SeiZlebaprofesiebis istoriaSi #3 profesiadCavTvaloT. nomeri pirvelia _ prosti-tucia, nomeri meorea _ Jurnalistika,Tumca dRevandeli Jurnalistebisgadamkide vvaraudob rom pirveli dameore profesiebi xSirad asocirde-bian erTmaneTTan _ provok.), amaSididi italieli poetis petrarkas mierme-14 saukuneSi naTqvami sityvebicgvarwmuneben: “es marCielebisakvirveli adamianebia, romlebmacician momavali, magram ar ician war-suli da awmyo; isini ise ganmartavenra xdeba caze, TiTqos eswrebodnenzecis sabWos sxdomas da exlaxandabrundnen naTeli mexsierebiT; amavedros ar ician ra xdeba dedamiwaze,samSobloSi, saxlSi, oTaxSi: me esmatyuarebi srulebiT ar makvirvebenimitom, rom isini ikvebebian TavianTixelobiT, magram me gaocebuli var,rogor SegiZliaT Tqven, Tqveni sulida Wkua daumorCiloT maT kuWs”.genialuri daskvnaa, ufro lakoniu-

rad rom ver ityvi _ iseTi.magaliTad, mixeil cagarels rom

vusmen, iseTi STabeWdileba mrCeba, romRmerTs igi kalTaSi uzis da mxolodmas uTanxmebs, Tu romeli planetaromelic mezoblis orbitaSi unda Se-vides, romeli dRea ukeTesi safinansogarigebisaTvis, rodis unda waxvideTabanoSi, rodis unda moeferoTmeuRles Tu megobar qals (ubralo

mokvdavTa enaze “sayvarels” romuwodeben) rodis ar unda gauwyreTsakuTar ZaRls da a.S.

mokled, damajerebeli rCevebismTeli buketia _ Cven ki pirdabCe-nilebi mivCerebivarT teleekrans dawrfeli guliT gvjera am vai-ezo-Terikis nabodvarisa.

magram gasakviri araferia, radgancagareli Tavisi xelobiT ikvebeba,Cven ki, petrarkasi ar iyos, sulsa daWkuas vumorCilebT mis kuWs.

axla lela kakulias ar ikiTxavT?sul zepirad icis romeli poli-tikosi rodis gaimarjvebs da romelirodis Caisvris, rodis moparaven man-qanas da rodis daibrunebs, rodis ramoxdeba, magram, Tu aseTi naTelmxil-veli aris es dalocvili, iqneb md-inare vereze momxdari tragediaganeWvrita winaswar da saSinelimsxverpli da materialuri zaraliaeridebina wyalgatacebulebisaTvis.

jer adrea, _ ramdenime Tvis SemdegRimilmoZalebuli gamogvecxadebatelevizoris ekranidan da damajere-beli toniT gvetyvis _ yvelaferimosaxdenis Taobaze RmerTma ramdenimedRiT adre momca niSani, magram enadamiba da amitomac ver gavafrTxilexalxi winaswaro.

wadi axla da uCivle _ sasamarT-loze verafers gaawyob, radgan gety-vian, Sen Tavad ityueb Tavs Cvengan ragindao.

isev RmerTTan Tu uCivleb _ SenisaxeliT gvatyuebso...

rac Seexeba saTaurSi naxseneb gamx-

dar megrel ymawvils (Tu ar vcdebi,lomaia iyo gvarad), romelic naTelmx-ilvelobaSi aravis “Camouvardeboda”,mogvianebiT gaxda cnobili, rom samar-Taldamcavebs mis winaaRmdeg TaRli-Tobis braldebiT hqondaT aRZrulisisxlis samarTlis saqme.

aq namdvilad marTldeba mesameraixis propagandis ministris iozefhebelsis sityvebi: “tyuili rac ufroTavxeduri da daujerebeli iqneba, masbrbo ufro iolad ijerebs” (igiveiTqmis qarTvel nacebzec)!

mokled, naTelmxilvelebi TavianTstiqiaSi arian, Wvreten xalxis mo-mavls da, Cveni ra mogaxsenoT, magramTavad namdvilad ar uCivian beds,vidre saqarTveloSi jer kidev uxvadarian gulubryviloebi, romelnic maTpirdabCenilebi usmenen da maTisjeraT!

mavani ityvis _ naTelmxilvelebi raSuaSi arian, yvelaferSi televiziebiarian damnaSaveni, maT saeTero drosrom uTmobeno.

kargiT, batono! Tumca gana faqti araris, rom televiziebi tyavidan Zvre-bian, raTa daujerebeli sensaciebisxarjze aimaRlon reitingi da daa-grovon reklamebi. Sen rom ar ahyvebimaT iaffasian gadacemebs da sakadrispasuxs gascem gaTaRliTebulnaTelmxilvelebs, televiziebic aRarmiaqceven maT yuradRebas.

danarCenze _ mere!provokatori

lela kakulia, mixeil cagareli, TamazWeiSvili, gamxdari megreli ymawvili, sxvani da

sxvani...

globalizaciis saSualebiTac ganviTare-buli qveynebi axdenen e. w. mesame samya-ros qveynebis bunebrivi resursebis

xelSi Cagdebas.globalistebi arwmuneben xalxs Rarib

qveynebSi, rom maTi siRaribis mizezi ko-rufcia, mafia, araswori tradiciebia damxolod Ria bazari, Tavisufali vaWrobaawarmatebis da dovlaTis safuZveli. aradawarmatebulma kapitalisturma qveynebmawarmatebas ara globalizaciis receptiTaramed eko-proteqcionalizmis TeoriisgamoyenebiT miaRwies. maT sakuTari bazarimaRali sabaJo terifebis da mravali sa-vaWro dabrkolebebis SeqmniT gaaZlieres.isini warmatebis misaRwevad zustad imissawinaaRmdegos akeTebdnen rac maT glo-balizaciis TeoritikosTa azriT undagaekeTebinaT. xolo imaT,vinc globalistTaTezisebiT ixelmZRvanela (Tavisufali vaW-roba, komunaluri sawarmoebis gayidva, ka-pitalis gadaadgilebaze kontrolis moxsnamewarmeebis privilegiebis gauqmeba), yvelamkatastrofuli Sedegi miiRo.aSS 1981 wlidan globalizaciis droSiT

anxorcielebs mizans, romelic ganviTare-badi samyaros suverenitetis asustebs,risSedegadac Zlierdeba maTi damokidebulebaekonomiurad Zlier qveynebze, raTa ar mox-des maTi konsolidacia da ar wamoayenonmdidar qveynebTan Tanasworuflebiani sa-vaWro pirobebi. am mimarTulebis gamoyene-bis mTavari dasayrdeni, ra Tqma unda, maTiSeqmnili msoflio banki, saerTaSorisosavaluto fondi da msoflio savaWroorganizaciaa. ra Tqma unda, msofliobankic da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondicaSS-s saxelmwifo departamentidan kont-rolirdeba. orives rezidencia mdebareobsvaSingtonSi. orive iseT sistemazea awyo-bili. rom saxelmwifo departamentis Tanx-mobis gareSe arcerT gadawyvetilebas ariReben. orive am organizacias miniWebuliaqvs mesame msoflios qveynebTan finansuriproblemebis, ZiriTadad valebis uzrunve-lyofa,saboloo miTiTebiT,rom es qveynebiise unda Caeflon valebSi, rom qveynebisZiriTadi Semosavali valebis momsaxureo-bas moxmardes, da Tan ise, rom TviTon ke-

Tilismsurvelebad darCnen. risi SedegadacganviTarebadi qveynebis umravlesoba (100-mde qveyana) moqceulia saerTaSoriso sa-valuto fondis da msoflio bankis eko-nomiur klanWebSi da saqarTveloc ammxriv ar aris gamonaklisi. es qveynebi Ta-vianTi valebis momsaxurebisTvis axalkreditebs im SemTxvevaSi iReben, Tu Seas-ruleben msoflio bankis da savalutofondis rekomendaciebs, romelic ultima-tumebs ufro hgavs, sadac iTxoven, rommoxdes vaWrobis liberalizacia, amas ema-teba moTxovna xarjebis Semcirebaze iseTsaxelmwifo programebze rogoricaa jan-dacva, ganaTleba, sporti, socialuri sfero,raTa gamoTavisuflebuli xarjebi ucxouribankebis valebis momsaxureobas moxmardes.Semdeg iTxoven soflis meurneobis subsi-direbis Sewyvetas, raTa Semdgom moxdesganviTarebul kapitalistur qveynebSi war-moebuli, axali teqnologiebiT, qimikatebiTgajerebuli, genmodificirebuli da amiTgaiafebuli sasoflo sameurneo produqtisgasaReba.

saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi aseveiTxovs gauqmdes kapitalze kontrolimTeli qveynis maStabiT, raTa ucxoel in-vestorebs ZiriTadad ganviTarebuli qvey-nebidan ufleba mieces Seisyidon saxelm-wifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sawarmoebida strategiuli obieqtebi (yvelaferi esukve saqarTveloSi ucxoelTa xelSia). ma-gram yvelaze mniSvnelovani mainc SemdegimoTxovnaa romelic msoflio bankidankreditis aRebis sanacvlod sakuTari va-lutis konvertiruloba unda uzrunvelyosromlis mere saxelmwifo iZulebuliagacvliTi kursis miuxedavad sakuTari va-luta ucxour saangariSsworebo saSua-lebebze gayidos, rac misi momavali Rire-buleba saspekulacio operaciebze damo-kidebuls xdis. aseTi programebi ise fi-taven qveyanas, rom is mTlianad ekonomiurikrizisebis fazaSi xvdeba da Semdeg sa-marTavad Zalian advilia. ase rom, iaraRi,romelic dasavleTma SeniRba msoflioglobalizaciis saxeliT, muSaobs da mu-Saobs sakmaos efeqturadac.

viqtor caava

globalizacia safuZvelSi sxva araferia Tu

lamazadSeniRbuli iaraRi

provokatoris blogi

vis miuZRvna galaktionma“gamarjoba, afxazeTo, Seni”

erT-erT wveulebaze umSvenieresqeTevan jafariZes bevri leqsiwaukiTxavs. Sesabamisad, galaktion-ic bevrjer mTxvevia xelze. amisgamo mamas ueWviania da uxeSadacmoqceula... deda ixsenebda xolme,_ iseTi bednieri viyavi, Cemi usay-varlesi poeti aseT pativsa damokrZalebas rom gamoxatavda, ma-maSenma ki yvelaferi Camimwarao...

galaktionis cnobil leqsze _“gamarjoba, afxazeTo, Seni!” _araCveulebrivi simRerac daiwera,magram cotam Tu icis, vin arisleqsSi naxsenebi “mSvenieri qali”,romelmac “gadiwera Cumad” galak-tionis leqsi.

Cveni respondenti ekaterine(dada) cqvitaria soxumeligaxlavT.

samwuxarod, afxazeTi marTlacase Soria... mogexsenebaT, galak-tionsac Zalian uyvarda, araerTileqsi aqvs miZRvnili afxazeTi-sadmi, sadac “miimRera-moimRera...xviTom”, saxlic ki hqonda soxumSi.erTxel, soxumSi yofnisas, nacnobojaxs miuwvevia didi poeti dacnobili literatori gerontiqiqoZe. maspinZlebs sxva stumrebichyolia, maT Soris Cemi ax-alSeuRlebuli mSoblebic hyavdaTdapatiJebuli. dedas¬ Zalian uy-varda galaktionis¬ poezia da

misi leqsebi zepirad icoda. galak-tions pirvelsave sadRegrZelozeukiTxavs: aba, biZiko, Cemi leqsiTu iciT vinmemo. dedas waukiTxavserT-erTi... deda araCveulebrivigaregnobis qali iyo da leqsebsacsaocrad kiTxulobda, raSicgamorCeuli xmis tembri exmarebo-da. galaktions kmayofilebis niS-nad wverze xeli Camousvams, qaTin-auric uTqvams da xelebic daukoc-nia.

am wveulebaze dedas kidev bevrileqsi waukiTxavs. Sesabamisad,galaktionic bevrjer mTxveviaxelze. amis gamo mamas ueWvianiada uxeSadac moqceula... dedaixsenebda, _ iseTi bednieri viyavi,Cemi usayvarlesi poeti aseTmokrZalebas rom gamoxatavda, ma-maSenma ki yvelaferi Camimwarao...

_ wveuleba rogor dasrulda?_ wveuleba dasasruls

uaxlovdeboda, rom galaktionskidev erTxel ukiTxavs, kidev xomar waikiTxavdiT leqsso? dedasiseTi leqsi waukiTxavs,¬ romelicsabWoTa¬ cenzuras akrZalulihqonda da arsad¬ dabeWdila.

galaktioni gaocebula _ esleqsi saidan iciTo? dedas upa-suxia, _ megobrisgan “gadviwereCumado”. galaktioni aRfrTovanebas ver

malavda _ qalbatono qeTevan, leqsiunda mogiZRvnaTo, uTqvams. meresufridan xelsaxoci auRia da zedraRaca dauweria. mis gverdiT mj-dom geronti qiqoZes maSinve jibeSiCaudvia da iqaurobas gasclian...ramdenime xnis Semdeg gamovidaleqsi _ “gamarjoba, afxazeTo,¬Seni”. is “mSvenieri qali”, galak-tionis leqsidan, qeTevan jafariZegaxldaT. dedasac sicocxlisbolomde sjeroda, rom leqsSimoxseniebuli “mSvenieri¬ qali”iyo, romelmac “gadiwera¬ Cumad”misi leqsi...

eka salaRaia


uZiriTadesi daskvnebi da monacemebi

sapirispirod msoflio enaTmecniere-baSi damkvidrebuli Sexedulebebisa,romlis mixedviTac uaryofil iqnaenis warmoSobis Sesaxeb arsebuliyvela Teoria, maT Soris, xmabaZviTobis(zogadad, bunebiTobis) Teoria da aRi-arebul iqna rom: 1. `Tanamedrove enisleqsikis absoluturad udidesi nawiliarafriTaa motivirebuli, SemTxveviTiada nebismieri~; 2. `xmabaZviTi sityvebienis leqsikis mcire da umniSvnelonawils Seadgens da isini sagnis (sxvamonacemis) saxeldebisa da enis war-moSobis xmabaZviTobis (zogadad,bunebiTobis) Teoriis dasamtkicebladver gamodgeba~; 2. `Tanamedrove enaSipirvelyofili metyvelebis kvalic kiar aris darCenili da amitom SeuZle-belia misi aRdgena~; 4. `SeuZlebeliaenis warmoSobis sakiTxis Seswavla.enis warmoSobis sakiTxi samudamoddakargulia kacobriobisaTvis~; 5.`sityvis afiqsebi miRebulia romeliRacsxva sitvebisagan~, da ase Semdeg, Cveni3600-mde saenaTmecniero naSromidan(isini erToblivad warmodgenilia 16did monografiaSi, romelTa Sorisaris: 11 erTtomeuli, 2 ortomeuli, 1samtomeuli, 1 Svidtomeuli, 1 oc-tomeuli da 1 mravalaTastomeuli _savaraudod, 25.000-tomeuli), miRebulimravalricxovani daskvnebidan damonacemebidan uZiriTadesia Semdegi:

1. Tanamedrove enaSi (am SemTxvevaSi,gamokvlevis ibieqtSi _ megrul enaSi)naTlad aris warmodgenili mocemulienis, zogadad anu saerTod enis dasxvdasxva enis) warmoSobis sa-fuZvlebic da ganviTarebis istoriac.saWiroa mxolod maTi danaxva da war-moCena.

2. gamokvlevis obieqtis, _ megrulienis leqsika daiTvlis 1.410.145.286 sity-vas paraleluri, iSviaTad xmarebadida potenciurad SesaZlebeliformebiTurT, saidanac, savaraudod,Tanamedrove megrul enaSi metnaklebisixSiriT xmarebadia anda SeiZlebaxmarebul iqnas sul mcire 500 milionisityva. 500 milioni sityvis momcvelileqsikoni ki, sityvaTa sruli saxiTdawerilobis pirobebSi, Seadgens 25.000toms 600-600_gverdiani wignebis saxiT.

3. megrulis mTeli leqsika(1.410.145.286 sityva) dafiqsirebulia oc-tomeulis _ `megruli ena _ enis war-moSobisa da ganviTarebis istoriiscocxali matiane~ (kompiuteruli versiada amonabeWdi, 2014 w.) II_XIX tomebSi,or nawiladD: 1) zmnuri fondi (zmnebida saxelzmnebi) warmodgenilia II_XVIIItomebSi `megruli enis zmnur fuZeTaleqsikonis~ saxiT. igi moicavs 10200-mde gverds da masSi moxmobilia (ik-iTxeba) 1.410.145.286 sityva, anu, 150.000-mde sityva saSualod yovel 1 gverdze;2) megrulis danarCeni leqsika war-modgenilia XIX tomSi `megruli enissaxelebisa da sxva metyvelebis naw-ilebis leqsikonis~ saxiT. masSi mo-cemulia 26.000-mde sityva.

4. megruli enis mTeli leqsikis99,99 procenti ganekuTvneba zmnurfonds da mxolod danarCeni 0,01 pro-centi warmoadgens sxva metyvelebisnawilebis leqsikas.

5. megruli enis mTeli leqsikis 99,2procenti xmabaZviTi warmomavlobisaada motivirebulia (ideamtarebelia),Tanac fonetikuri (bgeriTi) dasabami-danve. danarCeni 0,8 procenti kiganekuTvneba meoreuli warmoSobis e.w. `wminda wylis~ pirobiT niSnebs.

6. megruli ena, _ upiratesad agluti-naciur enasTan erTad, warmoadgensZiriseul, fleqsiur da inkorporaciulenasac da amiTi matarebeliamsoflioSi arsebuli 4-vetipologiuri enebis niSan-Tvisebebisa.

7. sagnis (sxva monacemis) saxeldebisada enis warmoSobis safuZvels war-moadgens bunebaSi mocemuli (sagnismier gaRebuli) bgerebisadmi xmabaZvi-Toba.

8. enis warmoSobis Sesaxeb enaTmec-nierebaSi arsebuli, magram aqamde uary-ofili, yvela Teoria marTebulia,oRond Tav-TavianTi kuTxiT da xmabaZvi-Tobis (zogadad, bunebiTobis) TeoriisprioritetulobiT.

9. sametyvelo bgerebis warmoSoba,sityvebis warmoSoba enis warmoSobada adamianis _ rogorc metyveli,

moazrovne da gonieri arsebis _ war-moSoba erTiani da urTierTdakavSire-buli movlenaa dedamiwaze.

10. Tavdapirveli anu pirvely-ofili metyveleba _ es iyo metyvelebaemfatikuri (saxmosno organoebis daZ-abvismieri) ) bgeris TanxlebiT gamo-marcluli xmabaZviTi bgerebiT: _ er-Teuli TanxmovnebiT, Tanxmovan bgeraTaharmoniuli kompleqsebiTa da amaTiganaerTebiT (mag., k), S), sq)r), zg)rt),Sq)rt), jR)rjR) da sxva).

11. pirvelyofil xmabaZviT Tanx-movnur metyvelebas win uZRodametveleba xmabaZviTi SorisdebulebiT,rac bunebis sagnebis mier gaRebulbgerebs gamoxatavdnen, anu warmoad-gendnen maTs adamianiseul reproduq-cias (sss, zzz, SSS, Rrrr, yrrr, frrr,Cxrrr Cxrrr, xrrr, jRrrr jRrrr dasxva),

12. pirvelyofili metyveleba _ esiyo metyveleba xmabaZviTi ZiriseuliTanxmovnuri formebiT erT enaze _bunebis enaze.

13. pirvelyofili adamianebiscalkeul jgufebs, maTi saxmosno orga-noebis ramdenadme gansxvavebulobisgamo, TviT erTi da imave sagnis miergaRebuli bgerebi esmodaT gansxvave-bulad (mag., gugu, kuku, guguk, ququ dasxva, rac asea dResac). es gaxda Ziri-Tadi safuZveli erTi da imave sagnissxvadasxvagvarad (guguli, kukuSka dasxva) saxeldebisa (sxvadasxvagvarisaartikulacio bazisis anu sawar-moTqmo Cvevis ganviTarebis Sedegad)da sxvadasxva enis warmoSobisa, mas-Tanave, sxvadasxva bgeriTi Semadgen-lobisa sxvadasxva enaSi.

14. pirvelyofili metyvelebisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli Tanxmovnuri formebisTanmxlebi emfatikuri ) bgera, marc-valwarmomqmneli da determinanti fun-qciebis mtareblobasTan erTad, war-moadgenda sayvovelTao afiqss (su-fiqsis, infiqsis Tu prefiqsis saxiT).

15. emfatikur naxevradxmovan (mas-Tanave, naxevrad Tanxmovan) ) bgerasaxasiaTebs swrafva gasrulxmovnebisken.)-bgeriseuli warmomavlobis xmovanbgerebs ki, TavianT mxriv, axasiaTebTswrafva marcvlis daxurvisaken, racboloSi daviwroebasa da Tanxmovani(upiratesad sonori) bgerebis (l. m.n...) miRebaSi da, amgvarad, xmovan-Tanx-movani segnemtebis rogorc afiqsebis)warmoqmnaSi gamoixateba.

16. ) bgerisagan (saWiroebisas) war-moiqmnebian Tanxmovani bgerebic (pir-dapiri Tu iribi gziT da gvevlinebiansagramatiko saSualebebad (mag., pirisniSnebad da sxv.).

17. sagramatiko saSualebebi: afiqsebi(sufiqsebi, prefiqsebi, infiqsebi), zm-niswinebi da sxvebi miRebulia em-fatikuri naxevradxmovani ) bgerisagan,anu warmoadgenen mis fonetikur vari-antebs (nairsaxeobebs).

18. ) bgerisagan aris miRebuli eniscalkeuli metyvelebis nawilebic ki,rogoricaa: nacvalsaxelebi, zmnizedebi,Tandebulebi, kavSirebi, nawilakebi,Sorisdebulebi (yovel SemTxvevaSi, am-aTi udidesi nawili).

19. Tanamedrove ena warmoadgensuTavdapirvelesi xmabaZviTi ZiriseuliTanxmovnuri formebisa da maTTan im-TaviTve bunebrivad Tanmxlebi mar-calwarmomqmneli da determinanti(ideaganmsazRvreli) emfatikuri nax-evradxmovani ) bgeris fonetikuri vari-antebisagan Sedgenil pirobiT niSanTasistemas.

20. megruli enis mTeli kolosalurileqsika emyareba 6652 Ziriseul Tanx-movnuri formas, anu miRebulia amaTiafiqsacia-gramatizaciis Sedegad.

21. megruli enis leqsikis warmomd-geni 6652 Ziriseuli Tanxmovnuri formi-dan xmabaZviTi warmomavlobisaa 1869forma anu 28,1 procenti, magram imisgamo, rom xmabaZviTi formebi xasiaT-debian gansakuTrebiT maRali pro-duqtiulobiT, maTzea damyarebulimegruli enis mTeli leqsikis 99,2procenti.

22. megruli enis leqsikis 99,2 pro-centi, xmabaZviTi warmomavlobis sa-fuZvelze, motivirebulia (ideamatare-belia) fonetikuri (bgeriTi) dasabami-danve.

23. megruli enis leqsikis warmomd-geni 6.652 Ziriseuli Tanxmovnuriformidan zmnuri fondis (zmnebisa da

saxelzmnebis) warmomqnelia 2202 formaanu 33,1 procenti. zmnuri fondi kimegrulis mTeli leqsikis 99,99 pro-cents Seadgens.

24. megruli enis kolosalur, diaxfantastikur leqsikas, _ 6652 ZiriseulTanxmovnur formasTan erTad, _ qmnis525 derivati (mniSvnelobamcvleli)sagramatiko saSualeba, romelTa Sorisaris: 6 infiqsi (a, e, i, o, u, )), 76 pirvel-sawyisiseuli sufiqsi (), al, el, il, ol,ul, in, af...), 336 meoreuli, (mesameulida a. S.) warmoebis sufiqsi (al, am, af.in…, ir...), 94 zmniswini da 3 nawilaki (qo,va, ve).

25. megruli enis leqsikis zmnurifondis warmomdgeni 2202 ZiriseuliTanxmovnuri formidan: 1) sakuTriv zm-nuri warmomavlobisaa 614 forma anu27,9 procenti da maTzea damyarebulizmnuri fondisa da TviT enis mTelileqsikis 6,5 procenti, @2) arsebiTisaxeliseuli warmomavlobisaa 309 for-ma anu 14 procenti da maTzea damyare-buli zmnuri fondisa da TviT enismTeli leqsikis 1,9 procenti, 3) zed-sarTavisaxeliseuli warmomavlobisaa1270 forma anu 58,2 procenti da maTzeadamyarebuli zmnuri fondisa da TviTenis mTeli leqsikis 91,7 procenti.

26. mxolod is faqti, rom gamokvlevisobieqtis _ megruli enis leqsikis 99,2procenti xmabaZviTi warmomavlobisaada motivirebulia (ideamtarebelia)calsaxad anu yovelgvari sxva sabuT-mtkicebulebebis gareSec (Tumca igiyovelmxriv damtkicebadia da ukvedamtkicebulicaa) adasturebs sagnis(sxva monacemis) saxeldebisa da eniswarmoSobis xmabaZviTobis (zogadad,bunebiTobis) Teoriis WeSmaritebas.

27. mxolod is faqti, rom gamokvlevisobieqtis _ megruli enis leqsikis91,7 procenti sagnis (sxva monacemis)rogoradobis gamomxatveli zedsar-Tavisaxeliseuli warmomavlobisaa,yovelgvari sxva sabuT-mtkicebulebebisgareSec naTlad asabuTebs sagnis (sxvamonacemis) saxeldebisa da enis war-moSobis bunebiTobis (igulisxmeba sag-nisave bunebiToba) Teoriis WeSmarite-bas.

28. sagnis (sxva monacemis) saxelde-bisa da enis warmoSobis bunebiTobisTeoriis uaryofa bunebis kanonebisada TviT qveynierebis Semqmneli udi-adesi Zalis uaryofaa, da, amitomac,warmoudgeneli da dauSvebelia.

29. megruli enis leqsikis (sityvebis)udidesi nawili aRwerilobiTi xasi-aTisaa da sxva enebze pirdapir uTargm-nelia. maTi Targmna SesaZlebelia mx-olod aRwerilobiTi xerxiT: (mag.,sityva miTigvinjRinanc), qarTulad aseiTargmneba: `gvinjRali~ anu dabali,Cia da Cafskvnili erTgvari, Sig miRmiT,vTqvaT, gamoqvabulSi, zis (an aris) mis-mieri iersaxiT).

30. megruli ena, _ leqsikis kolos-aluri simdidrisa da sityvebis aRw-erilobiTi xasiaTis wyalobiT, saganTauniversalur samyaros aRwers (ukeTrom vTqvaT, xatavs) ise, rogorc issinamdvileSi aris warmodgenili.

31. megruli ena, _ leqsikis kolos-aluri simdidrisa da sityvebis aRw-erilobiTi xasiaTis wyalobiT, war-moadgens saganTa universaluri sam-yaros ara mxolod da ara ubralodbgeriT anu bgerweriT ukufenas, aramedferweriT ukufenasac.

32. megruli ena, _ leqsikis kolos-aluri simdidrisa da sityvebis aRw-erilobiTi xasiaTis wyalobiT, war-moadgens saganTa universaluri sam-yaros universalur models da nomerpirvel saocrebas dedamiwaze.

33. xmabaZviTi sityvebis, sagramatikosaSualebebisa da leqsikis simdidreTamixedviT megrul enas msoflioSi ar-sebuli 5445 enidan verc erTi enaaxlosac ki ver miuva.

34. auracxelia sagnebis raodenobasamyaroSi da TviT adamianis sacxovrisplaneta dedamiwaze. miT ufro au-racxelia saganTa niSan-Tvisebebi, maTigaadgilebani sivrceSi da erTmaneTismimarT, da a. S. yovelive es, adamianismxriv aRweras, saxeldebas, SeswavlasmoiTxovda, rac esoden srulad SesZloiafeturma-iberiulma-kolxurma-megrul-ma enam da cocxlad daunjebuli saxiTwarmoadgina am ukanasknelis (megrulis)fantastikur leqsikaSi.

35. qarTvel enaTmecnier-mkvlevarTa

mier enis warmoSobis safuZvlebisSeswavliT, msoflio enaTmecnierebisepicentrma, romelic sxvadasxva drossxvadasxva qveyanaSi moiazreboda,amieridan saqarTveloSi gadmoinacvlada damkvidrda samudamodac, vinaidanamaze ufro didi da problemuri sak-iTxi enaTmecnierebaSi ar arsebulada arc momavalSi iqneba.

36. enaTmecniereba, romelmac jerkidev araferi icis enis warmoSobissafuZvlebis Sesaxeb, ganviTarebis ro-gori doniTac unda xasiaTdebodesigi, saymawvilo enaTmecnierebad rCeba.

37. enaTmecnieri, romelmac jer kidevaraferi icis enis warmoSobis sa-fuZvlebis Sesaxeb da arc unda romiswavlos, samecniero titulebisda mi-uxedavad, im myvinTavs hgavs, romelmaczRvasa Tu okeaneSi 20-30 metris siR-rmeze CayvinTa, amovida da ganacxada:_ me okeaneTis fskerze viyavi, kuTxe-kunWul moviare igi da yvelaferivici mis Sesaxebo.

38. ena _ es aris adamianuri codnasaganTa universaluri samyaros Sesaxeb.

39. enis leqsikis simdidre maCvenebe-lia enis ganviTarebis donisa da mo-cemuli enis matarebeli xalxis miersaganTa universaluri samyaros SesaxebmiRebuli codnisa.

40. ena _ es aris saganTa bunebis sa-fuZvelze adamianis piriT ametyvele-buli universaluri samyaro.

41. megruli ena warmoadgenspirvelqmnili adamJamindeli enis(adamis enis) igive iafeturi enis pir-dapir sworxazobriv gagrZelebas, jer-daTavad iberiuli, SemdgomSi kolxurida bolos TviT megruli enis saxiT,da, am TvalsazrisiT, uTavdapirvelesenas dedamiwaze. amis dasturia am enisleqsikis gansakuTrebuli, diax fan-tastikuri simdidre da is faqtebi,rom adamis naSiers adamiani sworediafetur (qarTvelur) enebSi ewodebada saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze (kerZod,dmanisis raionSi) aris napovni yvelazeuZvelesi asakis _ 1,8 milioni wlispirvelyofili adamianebis (pirobiTad,_ zezvas da mzias, _ rogorc maT in-gliselma genetikosebma Searqves) Con-Cxebi.

42. megruli (igive kolxuri, iberi-uli, iafeturi) ena warmoadgens didiwmindanebisa da RmerTebis enas, vinaidanrogorc wyaroebi metyveleben: kolxebiiyvnen wminda andria pirvelwodebuli,wminda simon kananeli, wminda ninokabadokieli, wminda giorgi kabadok-ieli; kolxur enaze umReroda ,,ninenas”akvanSi mwolare Tavis RvTiur pirmSoswminda mariam RvTismSobeli (arqiman-driti porfiri, VII s. Zv. w.); kolxurenaze metyvelebdnen berZnuli panTeo-nis RmerTebi: zevsi, promeTe, hera,dionise da sxvebi.

43. megruli ena rom gadaSenebuliyo,kacobrioba samudamod dakargavda eniswarmoSobis sakiTxis Seswavlis Sesa-Zleblobas da saganTa universalurisamyaros Sesaxeb adamianuri codnisudides arsenals.

44. megruli da sxva qarTveluri(ufro zustad, iafeturi) enebis dacvaara mxolod am enebis matarebelixalxebis, aramed msoflios xalxebis,mTeli kacobriobis wmindaTa wmindamovaleobaa.

zemoaRniSnuli da sxva daskvnebisutyuarobis safuZvelia is, rom isini,rogorc wesi, emyarebian cocxal eno-briv monacemebs da warmoaCenen saganTabunebisaTvis, am SemTxvevaSi, enisfenomenisaTvis damaxasiaTebel re-alobebs, kanonebsa da kanonzomierebebs.amitomac, maTi gabaTileba an uaryofa,uTuod SeuZlebelia.

aRniSnuli uZiriTadesi siaxleebisada monacemebisaTvis aqvs miRebuli aqdasaxelebul naSromebs, maRali rangisWeSmariti enaTmecnierebisa da sxvebis(300-mde mecnierebaTa doqtoris, pro-fesorisa da akademikosis) mier, SemdegiSefasebani: `sakacobrio mniSvnelobisnaSromi~, `unikaluri naSromi~, ge-nialuri naSromi~, `zetitanuri naSro-mi~, gadatrialeba enaTmecnierebaSi~,`fantastikuric da sakvirvelic~,`udidesi qarTuli movlena~ da a. S.

mamanti ZaZamia,cira ZaZamia

Zalian mokled Cvens saenaTmecniero naSromebSi warmoCenili siaxleebis Sesaxeb

12 10-17 noemberi 2015

sportuli kuTxe mihyavs Jurnalist giorgi jalaRanias

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domenti gagniZis mier Seqmnili preparati arCens avTvise-bian simsivnur daavadebebs, kuW-nawlavis gauvalobas, kolits,fistulas, prostatits, buasils, nervis anTebas, nevrozs,fsiqikurad daavadebulebs, hkurnavs gafantuli sklerozsda Sidss, Svelis cerebralur damblas, yurebidan Cirqdenas,botulizms, tuberkulozs, cerozs I da II stadiebSi, c-hepatits, naRvlis buStis daavadebebs, anTebiT procesebs,saxsrebis daavadebebs, amyarebs imunitets, da sxva mravaldaavadebas.mkurnalis koordinatebia: Telavi, sofeli Salauri, gag-

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Tbilisi, awyuris quCa #70 (metro “isanTan”), yoveldRe _SabaT-kviris garda, 10-dan 16 saaTamde.

evropis Cempionatis SesarCevi ciklis

bolo turSi saqarTvelos nakrebs

msoflios moqmedi Cempioni germania

lai pcigSi gamwarebuli daxvda.

maspinZelTa mekare manuel noieri am-

bobda, irlandiasTan wagebisTvis javri

qarTvelebze unda viyaroTo...

sabolood, “bundesmanqanam” mainc ga-

texa “jvarosnebi” da evropis Cempi-

onatze gavida, magram ioaxim liovis

Segirdebma bevri golis gatana ver

moaxerxes, rogorc amas iqadnebodnen,

es ki Cveni mekaris, nukri reviSvilis

mSvenieri TamaSis damsaxureba iyo _

mTeli matCis ganmavlobaSi man 17(!)

“seivi” daagrova.

germania-saqarTvelo 2:1 _ 11

wuTi saswaulamde

nukri reviSvili axla ukve ruseTSia

da iqauri premierligis morigi turis

matCisTvis moemzada, romelic misma“mordoviam” 19 oqtombers rostovSi

gamarTa. reviSvils maSin swored saran-

skSi davukavSirdiT..._ dasrulda morigi cikli, romelmac

gulSematkivars ukve Cveuli

imedgacrueba moutana. damaimedebeli

mxolod is aris, rom nakrebma bolo

SexvedrebSi ukeT iTamaSa...

_ CemTvis Sedegebze mniSvnelovani

is aris, rom kaxa cxadaZem axali sis-

temis danergva daiwyo da nel-nela

fexburTis TamaSs vubrundebiT. am sis-

temam gansazRvra Cveni mogeba Sot-

landiasTan. gibraltars nu CavTvliT,

irlandiasa da germaniasTan ki cudad

ar gviTamaSia.

aravin Tqvas, rom mcire angariSiT

wagebis gamo kmayofilebi varT. wageba

sixaruls verc me momaniWebs da verc

sxva moTamaSes, magram is maxarebs, rom

fexburTi gavixseneT. mgonia, es gulSe-

matkivarmac dainaxa. germanias stumrad

goli gautano, kidev 3 asprocentiani

momenti Seuqmna da TamaSis bolomde

anerviulo, aseTi ram iSviaTia.

isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom jano

ananiZe da levan mWedliZe ver gvex-

marebodnen. arada, nakrebisTvis orive

did Zalas warmoadgens. ger-

manelebisTvis es umniSvnelovanesi

Sexvedra iyo, radgan jgufSi pirvel

adgilze unda gasuliyvnen...

_ rusuli gamocema “sport-eqspresis”

mimoxilvaSi ewera, rom germanelebma

saqarTvelosTan “cali fexiT”, klasisxarjze gaimarjves..._ etyoba, amis damwers TamaSi ar un-

axavs. rusis ra mikvirs, roca bevrqarTvelsac ase hgonia. germaniis plusiyovelTvis is iyo, rom maTifexburTelebi nebismier metoqesTankoncentrirebas axerxeben. amis xarjzeTamaSoben maRal doneze da vinmes Tusjera, rom dagvindes da metis gatanaar isurves, briyvi yofila. is TuSeniSnes, TamaSis bolos germanelebidrois gayvanas rom cdilobdnen?! bo-los da bolos, noierma Tavad Tqva _ver gavige, qarTvelebs veTamaSebodiTTu espaneT-italiaso?..

visac ra unda, is Tqvas. me CemsTvalsa da yurs vujereb. bolo matCeb-ma damaimeda, rom Semdeg SesarCev ciklsgacilebiT ukeT CavatarebT da, bolosda bolos, erTxel mainc “gavisvriT”.sakmaod mZime da rTuli gza ki gvelis,magram mTavaria, arCeul mimarTulebasar gadavuxvioT.

_ piradad Tqvenzec vilaparakoT.laipcigSi 17 “seivi” gaakeTeT..._ imdeni vixtunave, gverdebi dRemde

mtkiva. rom vTqva, es Cems karieraSiarasodes momxdara-meTqi, marTali arviqnebi, magram msoflios moqmed Cempi-onTan kargi TamaSi mainc ormagadsasixaruloa.

gulwrfelad vambob _ cxadaZesTanmuSaoba sasiamovnoa. mas da mekareTamwvrTnel mamuka abuseriZes ndobisTvismadlobas vuxdi. saqarTvelos nakrebsra donis mekareebic hyavs, amis Sexsenebaaravis sWirdeba. mwvrTnelebs asarCevadaqvT saqme da am dros Sen rom gendo-bian, saamayoc aris da sapatioc.

_ “kikerma” fexburTelebi romSeafasa, saukeTeso Sefaseba manuelnoiers dauwera _ 1 bali. Tqveni Tama-Sic kargad daafases da saqarTvelosnakrebSi saukeTeso qula _ 2,5 dagiw-eres. magram germanel mekarezegacilebiT meti saqme gqondaT dagundi ufro metjerac gadaarCineT... _ noieri xom “araadamiania” (icinis)?!

erTi ar “gagvatanina”, arada, aseT dar-

tymebs, romelic man oqriaSvilsa dakvekveskirs auRo, wesiT, mekareebi ver-afers uxerxeben.

ukeTesi Sefaseba mec gamaxarebda,magram obieqturad rom vilaparakoT,am Sexvedras germaniisTvis ufro didifasi hqonda da etyoba, “kikeris” Se-fasebac aqedan gamomdinareobda _noieris damsaxurebaa, germanelebmamizans rom miaRwies. es ki yovelTvisfasobs. Tanac, germaneli rom Tavisiansufro daafasebs, esec ar mikvirs daalalad geubnebiT, arc mwyins. noierimsoflios saukeTeso mekarea da eslaipcigSi erTxelac daamtkica.

_ gavlenianma britanulma gamocema“gardianma” matCis “aRmoCenad” migiC-niaT..._ sasiamovnoa, ingliselebma “sibere-

Si” mainc rom aRmomaCines..._ saklubo ambebzec gkiTxavT. 20 se-

qtembers, moskovis cska-sTan wagebisSemdeg ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi aRargiTamaSiaT da sami matCia, “mordovias”kars moldoveli ilie Cebanu icavs.viTom Tqven mimarT damokidebulebaar Seicvleba?_ kargad ki daviwye, magram cska-

sTan wagebam yvelaferi aria. Tumca,simarTle Tu gindaT, am stresis Semdegmec mWirdeboda dasveneba. rogoria,3:0-s igeb da meore taimSi 4:6-s ageb?aseTi ram arasodes momsvlia. TamaSisSemdeg “mordovias” yvela fexburTeli“mkvdari” iyo, Cemi CaTvliT. magram germaniis Semdeg saranskSi

iseTi emociebiT davbrundi, mainc mgo-nia, rom yvelaferi kargad iqneba. ger-maniasTan Cvens Sexvedras �HTB+�gadascemda, rusebma naxes es matCi damSvenivrad damxvdnen. mTavarma mwvrT-nelma, andrei gordeevmakim, kargi TamaSimomiloca da Tavad miTxra, mjera, axlakarg fsiqologiur mdgomareobaSiiqnebi da kargad iTamaSebo.

_ “mordoviaSi” darCenas rodemdeapirebT?_ jer amaze laparaki naadrevia.

pirveli wris dasrulebamde ori TveadarCenili. mere ki vnaxoT...

nukri reviSvili: imdeni vixtunave, gverdebi dRemde mtkiva...

saxalxo moZraoba “samegrelos” xelSewyobiT, qarTul enaze, gamovida didi rusi publicistis,

saqarTveloSi me-19 saukunis TvalsaCino sazogadoebrivi moRvawis vasil veliCkos wigni

“kavkasia”, romelic adre srulad daibeWda Cvens gazeTSi.

winasityvaobis avtorebi da Semdgenelebi arian roland jalaRania da nugzar gogua.

TbilisSi wignis realizacia moxdeba yovel oTxSabaT dRes, dilis 9 saaTze, baqraZis q.#6-Si

(didube), an, yoveldRe, metro “marjaniSvilis” amosasvlelSi, gazeTebis gamyidvel paatasTan.

cnobisaTvis darekeT _ 557.324.374

_ Sen cxenebis geSinia?_ ara!_ imaT Seni?

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gagixiaT? - eca ZaRlis patroni._ ara, qalbatono, Sarvali amikapi-

wa da ise mikbina!* * *

_ WiWikia aq cxovrobs?_ ara._ kaco, Sen WiWikia ara xar?_ me ki var, mara es cxovrebaa?

* * *_ Tqven buasili gaqvT, da amas-

Tanave sklerozi._ madloba RmerTs! me meSinoda,

buasili ar mqonoda.* * *

_ batono, Tqven guruli brZan-debiT?

_ piriqiT, batono, me megrelivar.

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