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(Contents)

7^ 4

01-13V 14-25^HH^arr 3ii-qicii

■g%^HTr7T^ 3ll''4lcl'l

7^.

26-38T[.

39-61

62-96

i

• 1,

-1

OTTlf^ STP^^)•■,j

(yiWlf^«h 3TP=?TcT=T ; HR-t«i|)'

/■';//

• wnf^ 3ji-^1dH ^ 3T2f TT^ HR'Hlf^ll' (Meaning and Definition-of Social Movement):^ hR'hi'îi'^, A'T’ 3ii'-<?Ici'1 ^ nRqti'i 1

{<HHM 311-^ld^)

• jt^tr siktildd (Social Reform Movements in India); sn^ WW;f^l^PT, ^ri|vTlSJ<+> Sn-^lcld, WcT 'tf 3TTRtc=rT, ^TTR ^ Hlysi ^ I,

/ '. ^^-TT SiKîein)

<3' /

/• dk^ldd ^ i:t^ iqlt’JW (Meaning and definition^bf Peasant Movement):

^TITrf ^ Sik^ldH; ^WTltf W\ 3TTRtc=pT, (LavourMovement); sti-qlcin i,snRTcPf

('HR^£| TfrRTIrH^ 3ll'-(5lci'l)

' \* • nl^dl STFêRT (Women’s Movement): f^w-si ^ STF^TeR, ^cin ^

3nRtRT!

• (Social Problem); (Prostitution): (Aids);ciiH'i, WT^TR, '5%^' (Dowry Deaths).

\ •; H€4H('i;

^\>^

NOTES

iITT^RT

1.1 (Objectives)1.2 iRara^ (Introduction)

1 -3 <11*111^ =h -jihImi 3)1 ^ tf3 'iRvrar (Meaning and Definition of Social Movements)

1.4 tii*ii[ji«h 3TP3f?R’^ (Features of Social Movements)

1-5 emiPi^h 3)1 (Nature of Social Movements)

1.6 w*nfSnF ^tKldnl % 53)R (Types of Social Movements)

1.7 3felrf3 (Social Transformation)

— W*n^l3) HR=icf*i ^ ^-tn‘hi{l ri'io’if 3?t

— ti'ioil ^ Piiâ 313 33 3ct*n3• • 3nf?i

• ^53f3vT 393

• 7334 TRT

t

I

\ '.I

■I

■jJ

1.1 ^^9^ (Objectives)?7T 3T72rnT % 'STtTTTR % 39^1^ 3l^ ^14 :

• ^ ^Tzf 3^ hR'himi 3^ tina^ 4 l

• tiiHiI^ch '3ii'’il(rR % T5T^-i 3337 7^ 1

7ii*1iDi3) 3ft3cf3 3)f “JlMth 'Jtl'l«hl(l ^ I

1.2 yîq'ii (Introduction)711^3) 3I3fR331^31733;'T % I 3f 7fMfjl3> ^3^f«l3ira, 33% ^ fs|«hl« 3?! ’Tf%

^ 3ft3cN 33 33) ^ 4t % I ■*333 33% '213513 ■# C5lf4«l%Tl % 3^ % 3)7 3333 |:—21%337T ^ 37

I 3T^j^ 3k 37 2lcRT %13T 33T c33fl7 Jir 3t 7T3R-2J373T 13T 3)537133 %7f7Jt I 733lkT3) ’33*%773f 33 7f313R 713F3 331 7T7f)%'4 3^ft3 3^37% 733 3T33T 34%

qfkfTf^f 33 %7f3 3)7% % fTHT 5%T % I 7imi[^3) 'Jh-ÎtuT 33 3^93, 733TkT3), Sj|[4«l), ■33^%) 3 7I33fl%3> ^ 4 >33^13) '3TtT3T '33’j7T-^ 3k3cf3 3331 ^ 71333 |r | 33=3 9T7n(«53f ^ 5^ 4 20 4f §173^ ■£[ 713flk3) ’ '33*3^37 §311 ?7ft 7kt4^ '4t7 431.^*34 371F133 333 §33, 3)f 73^ % 7331=^33%^33 3 ‘ila^FlTi 5% %41 gll f I 3377, ^ 3 4% ^ shiPfl4l 33 3^93 Î'Ji'Tlfneft 7773 4 3k3tf3 7337 37

^777 373^34 33*3t973f 33 TS

773%t%7

3

7377*3 5%% '3n*3kl3%)4 I '37T7J%3) 773737 '37fil3)3373 377*3t7R 3)f 37)7 37%I3) 377^^ 5% ^ I 3cf3I3 7733 4 )3743) 373^ 371r3t77=r

I 37777 4 357 7737^, ’37t4

kg%77 3743

7737^,

Self-lnstruclional Material I

t gyR ?TT I 3RRT ^ ■STFTI^-JRT cj^ ^ Rl^RWI # Rl'bM'HI

11 ■‘TSZT cpr ■JRjrrf^ ^ f^RTT ■3TF?ft?FT, ^ WT ■3ii'«1<n'i, ^l<Ri& 3TR^RR OT TR1?IR%

^ IT 'TiTrr 3TR?t?R cFT ^3^3^ uRRlf^ % JITf^ ^ tii^îd'^ ^ hR«)'J^ ÎHT TT ^2IT3Tf

^ yRlri TFIT 2ITI 'iKdIy <i'^q 3TF^t^ % 'iii<alql ^ I'cftai cfiT ti^JK f^RTT ^R ^T |5TRff ^ % g5^ «h<i^ %f^^NlRl4f ^ ^0*11 -Jllild sA I % ^jR'TOTTM' 15 3RR^, 1947 ^ 'HKa

lOT 1 ^41<, -iMcb, gchKiH, 7RT TFlTtlRTRT T^ ^frfft ^ SRT qtll^ ■3TR7l?Rf JET ^3^^ 'HKcTlq 3RTFjf

wliql T^ g<l§qT ^ ^ T^ FR?T T^ ddl'jf ^ FIFRT '*<'11 ?JT I/I !

1.3 W '3T?f trg mR^hî (Meaning and Definition ofSocial Movements)

WHi-Jiîirsi

Wwftrai Sn-fllni

NOTES

\

Rirff ^hi-ji ^ diHiRi^ -sTR^t^ <fsr ^ ^t<rr % ^ tIt % crRtr R«iKi ^ -aRR^^ ^ 3fR .

^37Ff ’iRcJflH RRT ^JT?^ ^ I «Ef ?R didiRi* 'STFSfeR f^Rft yR^lcid

11 didiRj* '3}li;')rt'l7 % 5^ f^gRTlRT

-SRPTfer ?iT ^f t tzrrsjt cf d'ltH ^ ^ ^jfRir % i diniRi* 3tr?Rr % T57

<ll*jR«h 2RFR ^ % «RR'n‘ <^tTT, ^ ^ 'KFIit îRl 11 dlHiM* ^TR^t^FTf

SRTTR % ?:T ^ 'JldRh =lcfTR RRR STR^TdHM

3TF5t?RTf cET qRq<i^ ^ ^ fr«E^ % yqid % W ^ f I diHlf^l* -Jil'fllci'l '3RT

^ ‘iRhiRici |T T^ I^Riqd Ri(a^ “T^ <iihiRi* cEf T^ hhr Ri<i*i

^ TÊ 'TRT %, % '31'd‘id ^5 Id<'d<di ^ yRdcf-i v3?RR RT T^) ’tRêRt ^ TReR% RtT oqq&K % R yRniftid TRR f r

'StrsRr R ?^,«n<ff ^ ^ffTRf |T Rn§R “^miRi*

^siKlfld RRR vJfSRlT 1RI% F^RTT R tR«EFT BT% 3TSRIT ^RÊT RrHj TrR HET <11*^1^* ^RTRT 11”

?<>¥/ (Herbert Blumer) % ^gdK, “'■

% RfT di*jj^* SRRT ^ ^ d*dl % l”

5" (Merrill and Eldridge) RraR t, “RT JER ERfT R ^ R ET tpiRT IC

f^<i7^1«in (Theodorson) fd(gS %, '"didiRi* 'Hi'^ld-i c^qgii TiT T^ <<i<^h t RriR

sRdcf-l RTR 3T!RfT RrRI cEtR R d&qVi % %T viRR ^ tlls^l R d'iRd •Jii'iw* ^)RT

■Jiidi % l” 'Rjf (Rose) % ■3T^HR, “RTRtRee ■Sii'^'ldd didiRi* ^SR ^5) yii^ % f^TT <Tt^ % TR) d<94i % T^ -atmîRRi d'lOd ^ R5?^ ^ 31) Rli^RRf % WjfiRl ITRRf R®?=R <i<Îd dg)d1, R^'Sff

-STRRT TRE ddM % RlRlî Rlt R^ftRlfT ’STRRT WMl-dR^ RRcTT ^ l”

(Cameron)^ Sigdx, '3ii'«;ld'i 3R^RIRRft dOMi ^ rRt RlaHM ?r<^Rl RT

diHlRl* SERRT % f^Rff RFr yRdRfd RR^ RTRRT RH% FITR RT RtT FJlftrT RR% % T^ ITTST

■R RftRR Rif TTcfj sRRW R^ RR%

R % 'SfRlRl

li'^sT^’l i3^ tiîi (Anderson and Parker) Rh<a^ “fR TRl 'tiiHif^* 3TRrWr RtT rcrich* di'jB*

cRR?R iE RRl#7 i^d*l TI^R dldlf^* cRRTRT

FfM' % HR*iiRid RR RRl^ ^ Rit RRR % RTSf-RTR TRi tiRR-li ^RiRET RR ^RT R 3Tf^ RT R5fRjR ^ 11”

2 Self-lnsiructioiial Material

tiiHirjlcft 3<i<5lcii :^ ?7^ ^ ^ «HI'^ 3IcraT tit^Ri %' 551^

^ I ycii^ 3TP^t^-arflW^B ^ -31^: ^ wiHiI^cb %^JT tii*J^«t5 y«JKi

TT5T ^ ^ 11

1.4 ^ (Features of Social Movements)

NOTES

■'HiHII^=h '3{F?f^ ^ aftr 3tRj^ cHT 5^ I

(1) yiHlPjl* hR«(c(i ^ f^WT (A mode of Social Change)— HFTTfiTcf) 3TP?t?R HFTTI^ yRcJdH 17=11 11 'jTP^tcR CRT ■4’^Rcidd cFIT'^ yRdcfil cFI RlfRl

5>WF[dT% I 31^ 3ii"{S?M ^'jfTrlT ^ cfr ^ 3r7%H?^ % 3l^^H 'nRqcf'! ^TTcTT

^ 1 ^ y^>R ■Sii'cIth % SRT TFTM ^ qi'Rsa yRqrli cTT^ ^ UdH 1%^ 11

Rrf^^ (Definite end)— 5c^ ■Sii'fl'ifl'i «FiT fRtt ^ I

^ ^ ff tl'lRid tTci 3IPTM)

^3 ^ tl^hdi p, 3TFStcR ^ 1

1 a V V Fkikl eL; k(A Crisis or a Problem) — 3Jt^ wmiRicft W% 5iiFr ft ftcTT 11 ^ ^RR ^ ^ R«iRr ^ ^ ^n" ofR btRicf

(2)

3ftT3ii't;i<n'i

(3)

tR

^ tR ^ ^ ?3T ^ FIR IT ^ sJRT?!! TTT% % dldlRlch on-nldi

fell ^TRIT I tH? WTT TRR tR dîd F 3FRT aifflRi iRcIcRt vTI% 'jT^RT ^R^dd «Fr RrRT ^ Rnj ’ft dlRiRnd) 3TTR1?R Rbdl vRTT ^ I

— %Tfr '>ff -SU'dldd didiMd) ■STFTRR o# TFR 5)5T

vfliildi 3R RR dHM % ar^n rRrt dR^Rid ^ i ^ sitt trr 9^

ciT^ % wrft «f^ ttrtRri -sitrItr«K?r ^ trkti i ttrtRtcf on'sld-i ^ -jrf&siiRjch ciRit^ d^dl'l TRT 9TT^ % ■arTT^R T?Rt ^ ticpf^ felT RcIT % I ^3^ 3TTRt?R % ^3t§^ ^ yRRid

4id^ % RR 'Fi d'^lt ^ diyd'i «Br 3TRR)TRR) SRPT i^RT 5MT ^ I didil^'H 3TTRfFH '*Tt ^ dl'^Rdi ttRRT RR^ ^ ’ft? 'Fi TPJ? ^ jl^Sn 3TftjtF FRff % I

yc^^ti didlRifch ■STTRtTR ^ didlyxiiRdi R16H ?RtT ^ 1 ^ TR5^ % SHT R 3ll'dldd % FFlf ^ 3TR «ET^ ^ dl'Jldi «J'll4l tiinfr TITtR >^diil jTT^ ER TErRr felT '3TRT ^ TFIT FRIT TFR-TRR ^ f^?TT Rt^T f I

— TTRtRR) '3R?fTR % %T RRRT «RfR jTTTR I fRiRfI ^ ^ "59 crR tR Tirjfl^ 5RITr i^RT ÎRT % I îRiylRid «<Jdll % 3TTtITTR dldlRl^

■STTRRR ^ TRR RH ddiRid ten ^ THKcTI I

3ftERT nr TRR-tetsft Sfe^ (Illegitimacy or Anti-social Nature)- ^ orRteSR:TfRlteR snRteft cBT dddid TRltjf-HR^ R 3TTteE tfT 'jyf yRddd TTRT tel I yi^Rid3RFIT 3I5RT TRT HRRT Ml, 3R; TfRltefi Sii'dld'i Mr rR I ^ TRR RlTlEfl cRTT t ten tfIRT 11 n#[ ERT'T I te TTÎt TTFOteE od-dlddl' SRl 3Rt RTteRi t sIfrT tfR

5R-d5di'i tel iRT % ^1t rt te?r n51 ^nnfl 1^ i «Ft rt nl 'Sn^teRtRiten nt te-tet M

■jRRTten ^ tefT t tl 3Rfl % I

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

Self-lnsiniciional Malertal 3

(8) (Ideology)- 'lTllR«bl ^ RlTiuyKi nj|«)Wftraj 3n^ fttff 11 c1tJ|Rc)?| fcTScTRff, ^ tFT ^cF t RtR# ’TPT? % %

Ptf^d ^ ^ 'SfiT §d«hi y4l‘i ^ ^ %?ff yidl ^ «j|<s4f 3TS1^ ^ NiRid11 ^ % 7TFi^ an^ w cft^ 11 ^35i^Fr

n*1«HI

difsia «FT%%RfT«FM % Rr^, aii'«ifl'i % "fTR% ?r??T ^ HTSR PiylRcl I rTOT ^3^1% aflRl^ R?s eE^ % I elîRchl ft 3TF^t#f

NOTESdenial «I^ Ri’^k^ki Riff a % I «RnR^ ^ tii‘ii(i't> an-oldi

■ / .

5lRcT'FTtfr ^ attr ?!Tffr ^ arrsTT ^ ^Rtr cFrft f i Ri 3TF7l?FT ^ d’yni'i ^jncTT ^ I % arniTT TC ^^nrfer vjTriT f i w^k % diy-if dilf<s< %SRr ^tiiRcbl 5)T aihi-m ^t*if ^rairf^zjr^rrai

^ ^ Rr^ ^ RrF% ?^-Ri^yi<MKI

%i

(9) gyi<ic*iq> yjfd (Ameliorative Nature)— di'til^'* aiT'tiWi ^ y^Ri yyRta•3T?i3rr «^j)Ri # 'jpf 3IT arff^ gyrr ^tht fRn 11 ^ jrnft czrarsn ^ ^ ^ I, 3t^

aTKsf d'loi ^fRft jft an^^zraâff aTFFTsnaff ^ ^ ^ ftyRqfi ^ ^SJR rTPTT aiq;?q*-»iiql ft ^TTrlT f, rl^ di*nRiq5 antTlcn ^ ÎPf vtFlt f I ?¥ SR>R dl^nRiqi ail-cldd ^ >if5!q yiqld aFUff^cTlff ^ ddl'd «h<dl% Rtt eiRiq)i<q> f 1

I

flcTI f ft

(10) fqqiiti (Development)—cftf ^ adsbi '

sfR-tfR Rffrt ftrTT f I ^3qi&<«i % Rttt, ^TTTfRr Ti^fRr atr^ftvR ^ tr^Fi ^ ft ^ ^ f, vitiqî tTcE iffFRT I afR tt ar^fj ytER % cFR^f f fRr ftm% l ar^ft stRT «nw §fr^ aivqiqK ^tSTT eqd'^di'RTf ^ 7iici«i % <i'^q an^fRR^ ^ lt«r d'lfid qdNI 1

f^qjRid ft?TT f aftr an ?;n strm cFTctr ^nctt 11 =Fft-5jft arp^vR eft nnrf «Fr sranr # Rrt -jnm % rR nif nR n? feR-Rpn ft ft f -ftt nift-nift ft ftfr^TM-li

ntf^tp FR ft «*iiedd?y

^ cRT % diHiRjith an-eOn n?t Ri*^Rilad fRt iq^lîdiH ^^Ttf f—

{i) ^ ff^chhi frar fcTWR^JTTT (A Distinctive Perspective and Ideology) : RrR ftdidiRjiqi arpfteR %ft^ eftf-n-<frf tfRi^ fR fq^KyKi atcRtiftftf I aîFPT%Rr,

rRT ^ *idiRjq)K atpfRR nn nrpN^ nRTjf f l^ft ^ ft nft nfmyRRyld % eftK'î ft gan I ^m.vR 5n% 5ttf apt ftcT aft ftf 11

(ii) fSTTf W ^ ’TFR WRT (A Strong Sense of Solidarity and Idealism): Rift

ft atFfRPT f eijRd nil ^FTR ^qRtdeh atTtjR nr ft fRtr f i rRtt ft anfi nff tinffd fmt f, eff aptf nit arrftvFT ft armf nir Rnt nRsn aft ntanr f i eft n^rn’j^ ’jffnirftft 11 aiFfRpr % armstf f Rts^rt n^f ntR ftn ft anf hRrRr ftf 11

(Hi) /^je/zcêft (An Orieritation towards Action) : aTpfRFT ST®? nit aif ftff nit

^-'TTKRiRRi RiRr SRT itTsfnT nimt f i mfi Ritj nâff nn annRR Rinr ^nm I wnr nr^ imf f i nif np fR-fRr atpfRtff nit aftr ftft nn tma maniRT nanraff % inRT f, Rrfn f tfnr nit nanr ftf nr i apm arpaRpr nif aftr ftft na tntn an nan nnt atn

4 Self-Instructional Material

4

cw^giiT 'TT yr^TT ferr fryr Tpy ^ yiH, ^nisgs y <7i4f|<4f ■srif^-' ^ Pichitfl cR I 3tp^Wr ^ f^WT yr yy trtt 3ny?yyi

^ I îtyf y?T% % <^«i f«ryT 'i'lyil' ■yi'^lvn «ni4i 'iî yrrflcual I

1.5 ÎHlf^**) vHkI^h ^ y^f^l (Nature of Social Movement)

tiiHiRnwi 3«i«5lnt :f %^?r?fr

NOTES

5T^y yyr ^ '3Tpyt?Fff y^ yiT% % o^chi y^fa y^ \3t?^<3 ftiyr % ^ f^FT 3y>R f—

(l) -srryt^R f (Social Movements are not Institutions) : fTFUi^^ t, %T ^ ?y yryf yyf'^

P^yyr ^ i r?ir Rrrff yy ^^fttcrk wf ^ frJi ^ i ff yyiur ^ yyy ^ yy^y any^yyim ^y ^5yyR m5T yni ynyT

% I 3TFylvR yy yftyyyiTy 5?rsT t, ■3R: % rtmyyy5t (1HM

y t<yi41 ^?y % yiy fFTM ^ >511^ f 1 yyy?f y^ Rsnw nRi^fa yîf

¥t^ 11 -aTpyfyy 3R|y? yR fRyT-aff % Mtfl i^y ^ yyy% % qyyr ^ 11 w t ^ if ^'yiyr ynyr.l 1 hptr yyiMrr yyr^ Ryyr yritfl I, arpy)^ y?fyR if y^fray yr arFjy-^ qRy?fy qisoi % 1 yff yyiy I arpyl^ y^ arcfsiiftyi »ft yffty yy feyr yiyr Ryraff y^ 1 y^f yR yiy arpyfyiy ^yryy? yiy-<i 541*1 fiRr ynyr ^ yf % Ryraff % ’ft arfftyi siifiuîi^ft ^ ynft ^ 1

(2)’ft I % yftft yy ^ yff^-y-yflf y|?y FfcTi t aftr yfyf ^ a|5y

^1,timilîch aTRytyy if y? yyiyyr yrf^ % yry rrirt ^ ynft f i yfyt yy; fr yff 11 yy? yfftlft yy -ti'lo-l

aii'4ly«F RiRgfl fcfyry Ffty IaRyy Tin <71*1*1*1

yR tiiyifych ayRf^ aftwffyi ftysy % RR yyi q|y yrrar t ftt y? ’ll yfftfft yy yyyr % 1 yfftftiyf yy rtm % H<**ni*id RyfR ft fRt ^ 1 ft Ryiyr srt rtr fftfftftf ft aryft <3ftsy ^yyftf ^ I RTyrfvfcF ariRtRy qFRiftRftft yyfttft^RT’TRft) ftft ft 1 Rfftffty? yy fftyW f^yr yiRTT ft yR% arrRftRj fftyiffty fttft ft 1 arpytRy ftr fttft yftft-y-y?[ft fftyRsjRT Ffcftft lyyf^ yfftîyf % ftfft nRi'« ffty 1 ?H yyiR yryrfftyi ariRlRy Rfftfftyf yftt yift yy yyft 1

(3) dHifiiyi 'SurIh'I yyR R’jft yy RrI yftf fttft (Social Movements are not Pressure Groups or Interest Groups)— yi’ft-cB’ft RTOfftyi aii'^lwd yyR R’J^ % RT ftyyft yyft ft fftyg arfftyysr yyR arpyRR yftt fttft 1 arfftyysr Rift r’jf yft yyR

yyry ft yyffty yfftyryf yy ’3^ yft rrrt arqft ffty ft ypft ft 1 ffty^ yryriftRF arpyiRy snyftly) yy Rfty m ft RRifftyi yfftyryf yy ’jryf ft qftyfty y^ft ft 1 yyr-yRr ftf RRyfftyF 3TTRfyy yyR yy Rjrft % M ft yyft ypft ft, yftf I

t % ^îTT (Types of Social Movements)

f yyyr rrt yftf ft, yyffftj y^ft-yiftt ayft^ ftTffty «<*!< yy ftfty ft ■ aryyr ftjffty yyyf ft ^ffty yîcyy ftf aiRTr ft 1 yyrfft fftR yyyr ft q*lTâ fen yyr ft —

- yyRfr arfftRy rt fftftft ft ftfyr ft, yR #y Ift?TM ft^ ft yy? ftsT yft tftfyR ^;Fft ftEftt rr qr fftypr yyft Rqft ft 1 yR qypr yy yy^y yftqR

1.6

(i) WWT' h

Self-Instructional Material 5

HRR<jIaqT % 'STwrt’?' tFr 3n«pf''r ^ ti<hai 11 ?Tt>ff % ^ snrRft■SiiVlcn'i jITcTT 11 'STTSt^nT >3^ ■STcRSIT ^ tiHSti •Jtiil'ii, vT«f cfJT HRFJT

^Riuq tp ^9TT ?T?iT ^ ??iR T? ^jn% cPT ^ i y^f<s41 ^ 3if?fprT,^ ^ ^^RT, CfT \ Vi^W., 'ji4^ ^

^nTnHrTTl-l

Piicb 3ii-<0'nttilHl

NOTESvrRT

(ii) '«/<<?(7f (Expressive movement)— ^ ^ft’Tf cfii prFTTfvIeR ÎcRSIT ^ R^RT^frlT t, ^ rT?IT fvRRjt siga^ ^ ^ ■SR^ cf^ îlch^-i 'R^ 'i eft

?rwfq=t)Oi % ylal^qi^ff «)5ti«h< HiTShTI ^ ^ 11 W^HER11 ^ 5-^ «(dHM ^ yq« chOT ^ cRTT ^TfcRT "TT 3Tni ^FTT

^ I ^liOtTl 5RS'f-1«hlfl fli*iilii«fi 3f|'i;1ijn |: I ,

(Hi) 'Sff^feFT (Utopian movement}— =hi?MReh 3ri^RR, R«p 'STT^sf RTOfuRicqqtqi 3T2RT 'J’f TPTFjT ^ T^RT 5)RT qi&dl qi«ilqq)ai ^îff, 'STf^ ‘ijtq epf epRR ^ ^ TjEsiT 3IT PfcJRT 11 'Sjfldqf îniafl # >3?^ «FIRRRE 'RTTjRITff, W TI^ (Robert Owen) rRIT ^JTRf ’jftRT (Charles Fourior) ^ ^ I ^ -STRRFff ^ ^RJTT ^ 1%9W ^RT | ^ 3j^ ^ ^ d&ql'il TRT % I <iciT';q 3TT?t?R ^ ’ft cEIRftFE ■SrfftcR cHfT ^dtihT ^ I

(iv) ge//?-T3/7<i?W'/ (Reform movements)— ^tIR-37Rt?R ^ ahm c{^ 'J^'ftPTT c^t■3{ft«n apfr ft ^trtt

tftftf =lft «RftTR ft^sn-sft ^ -STRTRRT 5Rft ^ 5ftTT I cRIT hR=l#T ^ ^ ^TcEft 11 ■SRiJS^RTT, ?ft^-3RJT cRT 3'^d'l «fRft,=Rr 'jflqi 3ft R§ft, ^dd^qi 3ft 3ft ftcRft % ^ ^TrRR 5^‘3TT3t^ f I ?ft ^ 33>r§T 3RI3^ % 'jft 3ftf^ 3TfTRR 3ft ftt ^tJR-STKt^ 3^ 3TTft3Tl

(v) ib/7R<tj/<9 •3ff?hR (Revolutionary movement)— 3ftft[3)rft ^TRRrt -SRlftERT RRTTfftRRc3sR3T 3ft 3<sfis ft>3RT 33T WR 3T R3) 'J’ftRTT fftw 5337 3ft SRR3T ^li^d 3R3r ^‘^dl 11 ■gtIR-3TRtW3 ^ 3iqR«Jd TTRlriftfcp SRR^JT 3ftf^3)lft 'STRRR 733 3ft ft ft-313731 ft ftftt % 313 ^3R CRT RPf 3RR^ ft 311311 331 33 fti371 33)313 fft3)^ 7F 31131 f I dliddd ^ 33T ftt3 % -niVl-dd 3)lfft3)ltl -BlfftpR ft I

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yiHi

NOTES

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NOTES

nRciJi qq RtcFRT % % 7^^ R R7-tR<Fl(l TRIFRf R ^ %q Rt RlflF R I '«|RhH TRRT RR7-7T7F)iR TRTsqf %T TTTFirR RptfR 'Stsjcit R giRT FtR ?Frr R i ftt RzjRt R R tttffR ^^tfR

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S|idch< FF% fR TTFTFr Fi7 RtFT i?rTF I

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^ d'lOdl ,fR FilRt R

Self-lnstruclional Material 9

^TFTlf^ 'Sf 'TftcRN 3fR ^ f«ti^ 'STTrlT %, 'TT^ ^ '3Tsf'||’f ^T^5TR?^ll

didi'<4a: tiidifiicb f«lcbi^T % 'Jia'fa JFT ffgtgai %—

1. 'hI'JI'I, cR^, %8fT, FTRS^T ^^'3TFT •STT^J^t % 'Jisid el'll

#«rT ^ ^ I

2. 'MTSR,

3. ?lf^ % ^'itcb('J| ITT ft^ m ST^ % fcI%^#FT^ iTT ?ZIR ^THT I

IRIRtîret T^

NOTES

I

WRRT cf)T i^«hi« FT^ I

% % timiMch Ricniti ^

4.

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% yy<g *iiscif ^ yddi ^ ftwai % I

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2.

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\

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cRFT 11

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12 Self-Insti-uc)ional Material

<1IHiFii=h STF^t^R^ ^ cPIT %? fc|!jl'=(dl3Tf ^ I

>STO<a I

1.

NOTEStiiHjf^'fc % 3PERt ^tT

3. 'HRrf^ ^ 3TFT 5^ ^R?I^ f ?

4. .. «ihiIji^ ^i'<Clfl'i ^ ^ ^ I

2.

TRT

• P^Bw, ^hlP) 2001, tiifhip’nT'Ju, RRRW, /

• 2004,^Rft R(^ I

• Rajendra Singh, Social movements old and New: A post modernist Critique, Saga Publications, New Delhi.

• Ray, Raka, katzenstein, Mary, Fainsod Katzenstein (Eds) - Social movements in India: Poverty, power and polities, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

>. f

{I

f

/ ■f

Se/f-lhsiructional Material 13

^tUHlfêh Siltild'H

NOTES/

k'

2.1 ^9^ (Objectives)2.2 ywid-ii (Introduction)2.3 if tTFTif^ goTT aiKlcH (Social Reform Movements in India)2.4 an^ Wjf (Aryan Society)2-5 Pr9FT (Ramkrishna Mission)2.6 WI5fRnF Wit (Truth Researcher Society)2.7 WcT If 3ff3)5iH (Peasant Movement in India)

— yiî) an'Otn-i % 3^9^

2.8 ■‘TRW if aTRtrRT (Backward Classes Movement in India)• RRfST• ggiTRfRT tfîf

2.1 (Objectives)

% aroRnt % T5^, TitiTj ^ :

• ’TTOT R gtJR ^ I

TRiTR' gyiT aTF^ti^ % ^ I^TTTR % tiHiv-i gyiT cj?r vTRicfnfr ^ i

2.2 y WNdl (Introduction)

ii

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aRT

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14 SelJ-lnsiruclional Malerkil

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55 35515 I HYt ?7f% 5f^ )35Rff5, 5^ 55) ?7I% f^Rt^ff ^ 11

NOTES

dlHlRl5) '3TP5l?RT crar glnRi ^ 5FtR f^)5T 5TT 5555 ^ I 5557151, 5^ff5 d'lBd TT^J^ ?tclT 5T5j% ^ diHif'd^ '3TP5t5R ’^5557, Sig'ilYd ^ 55i^ ? I feft5, dlnR^ 5555 % 57’5TTW 555FTT 55

5557 5l7.d ? 15T775 55^ %, 5?5fe 'STP^tTH

did|[Y«i o)i-slfld 5)t PinRlRgd Rl^l'ifdioff 57 £5R 55 5555 % —

nj 5? fefr TnjF ^ 5575 I;

fii) ?7755 7755 775757 £f 5ft5cf5 7557 <77 57755 RtTfSI <17757 Fl75 I;

(Hi) 5? d'llYd 37557 oid'ilYd 5t^ 5557 55 ^ 77555

(iv) 77^ STfirT^ 37557 f|75c55) ^ 77555 t;

fvj ?7755 ^jft55-557r 37^lf§7]77 5t75 ^ I 77f ^755577 7757 577 77555 I 37557 SflTT ft 7T5T57 77555 % I

2.3 ^ til'll!^cb -^grr (Social Reform Movements in India)

57777 ^ 777571^75) 7^ 5^5775

1^777% 377^57775 ^ 5555 vSt’5'5 77757f^75) 3fr7

51?r-f<757?, i%y57-%T7? 1^5, 5^, 5T7%-525, 777f7-557, 377f^ 5^7f5t 5^ 7757R7'5)7 7^ 7575" TRf 775157 757557 57757 5T I gjTg 5 ^577 oiKslcM 55 sid&ld 5^ yiqld ^ I ^ 5^, 51^ 55 ^75 f^775

55 55 1355 uT7f77-557 5it % 5777^ ^ g377 t I 37^ 77^ ^^TTft, <tTal<, ^<hKIH,

3775755), 57355777, t577T 3T7f5 % ^Kdloi 775757 rf <57^ 3d^<il 57 5)5t7 57?R 37^7 TTHR 57ft 1^577

fr I 31^7755577 ^ 5577 cftidql ^ dlHlM<l) JTT^ 5^7 3ft7 7ft5f 55 57R 3775)1^75 1^7)57 I 37^57t % 7755 ^ fq<i<bM'5, 757^ 5515-5 777757fr, 77577 7T55t55 775, fS57 5=^ [<75777757, #57fT ii4l5d'J5, 77537^ 575^, 377577715 %§755^ 7757%, 517757 5757,155757 57% 557 57357555537 57775^ 377^ % 775757

3577 %) 3T%5) 57575 f%)% 37t7 57% 7T75737f 757557 5% I F5 5%7 57777 % gtr ^ 3qT7 3ll'c1<n7

5)7 735H75 555 I

^^757 % 55x535 3pl5iJ 1^7577% | I 5F7 f, 37^S7f%55T77t, 377535777,

diHiIgg) 37751575 575; f%77ft l3T5f%77 % 575^ % 5175x75 ^ % 73^35, % 7375=5 575577775 37757 1^15 37575 %) 7355t5 <F7

^ ^ f%7&lcn^f5 %) 37f&5577

5% {iPli^gd 5775 % l%I7t I %5 %t 37=5 %> 57% % dlR)'; 1^7=% didilY<h 3715t375f % 1J5 557 drldid %

55T57 FT I 3T5f57 diHl7il<h 3715755 diHilYch liRdcld 37757 57F% %, .5)^-5r4t 55I'J5 Rillxl 5575 77§% %)

37=5 5% % I %5 yld<14t 3iiGlxldl 5) 57% 55TF55 % I 75775 f%)57 7757 5^5 775R 5% 751557 5%t Tit 777ft557 % l<ld<S. 57RJ5 5 557% % 57fxf55 %t I 375

% ell'll % 5F <h5<17< Sd5)I f%fr5 7%)57 % 5? 77575 %7 1^ l557375)7fr %t571 55

<B7 5577 %57 xft 5555 7775lf^75) 5f%5f57 15357 5571 55 55753l%x7 ‘IdM Jilid’ % 5357 % Tdjxll % 575 leR35T57 TTt ^ 55T53f%c7 ‘13x5 57f%’ % 557% 5% 135% 5ft57ft ,5777 7^# % 1%53137 1^157 557 I 1%77R 3715tel5t %t %t 3775: ^7777 % 55757 5571 FT37 % ^57% %37 5 iJ5 5 5f%'^K7 TT^JF %% 1% Fleldl % 777571^153

575 7757 7155tF5 775 % 777ft557 537 T 7757 75lf%7 %t 7757 37%j77 53t 777%

575 %7 7% 5|77

Self-lnsinicliona} Material 15

% ^ iFT ^3^ g-BTr I cRF «WI'3ff ^ ■STraT^T % UWnI^ ^3^ t^fro ^5^ W yfclO^ 3TKt?I^ cBT goTT I tilHii^^ 3TfÎ?R' ■SimMi ^TOff #^ =1^ I

'll? H7^ f|?Tf ^ ^ t f^T5)T cTSn

^ % gr? qRcirfn ^ ^ li

■Sll'ilcl'll' %«*ii'Ji;'Mw

ftr3? 3TT^CT*IWRT

nl rMHl

NOTESRirfy 'ifflR/Ri ^ ^ryfRn?) ^ ^ ^ h^tr m % h^w'^'ji

■SRJ’ d(|chl ^ ^ «FT3f cfi<ai ^ 1 ttidiRncf) 3TKt?R«FTfF ^fRfT ^ 'id^ d«lTyd 5?^ iiRd wx^ %it ■ynn yR 3IFFM ftfit ^ rWT <11*^1^^ ^ -stR t41^fri

ytRRt ’ftÎRRRTÎltfit Ryyr ■siycfT -sir ^^hIci % Rr 11 wrri^ Î'sld-i yyRI TfWT TT ?Ry RIT% RR, fRIR ■oftT 'ddHd rRITT RR yFfSTJ^ ^'T ’ft ^

I'sldd «n^HR didiPttE rRIRjRfr^R f^-îd Rt jJR, y'lfdSfRilRff si<i ««Gd^ RT y<Jl« ch<dl ^ I 1960 % ?ST=E ^ Rroi ^ TR^ ^ RM ^ STTSJTT TT ^d'ffid OTyR FIR % ^'cHi % aiftrcFR cET 3Tf^RH ^Sji<<li41 ^n'clddl ^ ^3RFRI11 FHR FF RTRI % jq^"! RRR

^liqlddl' RT 3TSRR 5E^ |

tl

2.4 3TFf «*1M (Aryan Society)

^ RRnaff yr sRf yry^^RiR wjf SIT ^fsli^ST STRR «ERT ^ ’Jjt ^Xdlq RFR anyrfty Rfeyifen ri m i Rif^ rhirit # f^rilcr ipn^ atr stRr 5rifr rfftri irr sR i

ci^ qq'tlq ^ yyi rtr f=RTF, t^fsRT f^yiF fî^, wg f^RTF Rif^ ^ y^<a

dHM

aftr FR fwfdql ^ RRf ^331% fij FRif f^SuRql 3Rr RF3R % 3ty% cR TFT ^ 1

dM^cW # ^3tTT RTR 1875 #RIHF RTRRft 5RT 3fl4 'tfflR ^ ^qiHdi ^ ^ Rf

RFTTIjRE RRTRR yi l FR^ didiwqi d'lOd ^ RTR 3)<lidq'l slit ^ 4<H<i'id fl^RRlR ist

3TTFsf RyRn cftr RyiPrd «r% tt yR iRKR ytr FF^^ty, RFUl^nF Rk yrkfe qxn ■sfR RRIRftR RTRtty RRTR if fcRRR

gklf^yf 3fk ^g^lkyf yii RTRRT 1^ ykRTM RiF^f H^yRRuyit juiri lyil^d cEHi, -sny RRiR yy ^jr y^?'y yr i fr^ PiMfdfea yyyt ^ ’it otrt thi4^ yyiyr—

Riy

{I) ^ tyyry yy ’jftt ^pir yy fîki yyyr,

Ry^yi yr yyr y^ “iqwi fifrt qxn,

dHiddi ijsi yr Rk ^ yyiI

(4) yrkR yy Rr^kry krsry y^ yt RiRRy yy ytt% k yy: wif^ yw i

yffkyrft yt9yf yt yrk ^ k 3n4 rrr sir

(2) " ■ y?y

(3) fky

yk-

(1) 3TTy R4M % jy: ‘kyf’ 3k sfR Rtk yi yRT ctyy kfky d^^fd ^ Rnyyi I5 RRtRyyrft yynr fern

(2) 'jtkkt §TTRy yiR k tt=^yy k yyf^TR c^r yffhqi yr ky rrif yf (yTRiyRkykRikfyt f^^rf

k §«iiH k ynt-xiRd y^k y rur k' kyr yyr) 1

(3) yiFFiyry y kiRS RR RRtRy kfyr Rifk‘yyRiT

yr FRf f^Rik yr frir tkiyr yyr 1

k Pif^d fq^fdql ^ ^ ykti Rkit yt yyyk

i ■ ,

16 '■Self-lnsinictiondlMaiericl.

(4) ^ ;hwft 'i;<4:^l wTccfttw ■3T^'i% 31^ ciit ^sn en^r fciqie %

ds=R 3^ w ffw feyr W; ?y% %TT-.I. fcTcITF ^ ■3TT5 rff^ % 1^ 25 3ftT Îfl^ % 16 cpf t^rafitcT cA y4t I

II. wnr ^f Rmgr RiyiF wn w tot '=[1l?tT^ y# f^m trr i

(5) ^ferr ^575^ WITW STTT TTWTcT f^RTiyiT STTOR^Tyr W ■sftr DAV,% ^?2PT%-ST^

%yT % Wfy ^ ^ 'WlcbT< TOT I

(6) 'TOTyiTO, fqyqi '5TT?R 3TTf^ TOT ysiT WT?, % 7TTO 'illidl TTFITOT TOR TO ^TtcFTOyTTOTrfr to toi^t tot i

TTOFSi

NOTES

5rv?TO/

orry ftott % ^ ttto TOif^ RTTfR htott tor îfenferT'Sff rryr TOTTfeB-R^fiTyr ^fllrRff ^ TOT TOT STT, TOTTjT ^971 Tf^ TOT TOR^TO % t«TOT 1 -BTO TOT^ STTI fTT ^ f^MlT4vd'SrorfsTOT FTTTO rJI—

(t) TOM % TOTT TORlt TO HK''II‘1 9T f^TOT Rlqig % q?T TOT Rft 591 % TO>

TOTTO TOTO gTO 1

(2) 3TO TOTT^ TO TOT -^TTO TOWJW ytTOR %yT % ^ ^feTO gTO I ^—

I. t^<7l1 TTOT^ 5^ doqi ■? qijidd I? I ni^dl^ STTT TOI% TOTT ■STTTtftcT TOTTf clit TOTTIÎTO 3T?FTO tA TOTOT % 5RT ^R TOTTOT 4?r $J7ToTR ^ 1

II. ■STfîrofÎTO «jf4d TO Hi^<ni f^TR Rf^TOiT ^ TOT TT^TORT quqdl TO?T ^ R^Trtf^ TO d'^q ^flTOT qBdi3ff dfoq *I^4lfI|dl TOf 9?! Rfl I

(3) TO TOTTftrT TO jOfrlql % Iqd-S TOT '^TOT TOrT TOT dlRfi^h, qsiPiqi TO

% TOR ^ TOJR gR I

(4) ddM ^ TOf^STOTT TO îf^dlRdl % TTOT TOTR TOT^ 9?! 5%TTT TOf TOR ^ f\ RflTOr ^

TOft fr TO yf^ ?M «fr I

(5) ^niid'id ^ftfrRf TO TOTTOT^T TOTT 52^ % fcTTRI ^ TOTTOT7T TORT TOR -sfR ITO=T \Jiifdql 3?f

^ ^5TT^ I

(6) %«TT %

TOR |R

(7) TOTTO TOTOfr % Coryres fTOrW ^ 'jMijPr TO %tot f^ro TOr TOtott i^FTO f^TO trtor TTOTTTO to tor TOf ^ tobTO ^ I

(8) TO^f TOR ^ fITOt TOR, TO^TO TOf^ TOT TOR TO^tTO Rl toTOt TOR RTR rT9T TOR qii*jd %

RT tTOrR rTO ^ TOT College T5^ f^TTT^ 'SfTO’lt f^§TT TOHFRI

TRlf^ 3TTy TOR % TOTli^ dl^Jild«h ^TOT % ^ 'f dBbd ^frr TOtRJR TTTTOR f^TO I rT9Tft

PiMiRhd -Jd^lq-iiq c^r TOfr ^ -

TOT TOR TO 5755 TOTT RtT #?!’' 19^f 3fR 20^f TffT 5 TIRT^ ^ 9TI

2. ' ^ ’J’t l^TOTTT TO i.

1.

9TI


3. «FT ^ €TT ^ y4 mRcJcIh ^ ^ jTT^ qRijfrfdf^’Sff 3^: tpf ^ giq^ 5^MT ^ i ■3tt^ tidM % l^rarr cFraRTT ^^)i*yGiKi<îrii ^ £(<iicii f^ I

3Tro tiHM % 5RT q'l'iqHl GTT^ 'STT^fTtprT’Sif % ff^î'cfi f^S^tpiT %

PiqitTldl ^ 1% qqidC % ^ yq % ■STiyR ^tcT % M’ ^ yfdtyifqd fejT I OT%qyft ^ f qr^ '3'iqil sjn^TT HMq Rl^q) SRT yrf^ -sflT ^ qqiTT

<^f^qiRdi qr y&i<q>< cRTT gxlfaql qiT Ri^qKqT^ ^STlftrT f^jqT I

3TFf d^M didif^qi ^ ''^ yqqni TfT 1 Rddl 75q ^yTT%qq yqid, ^11% qÎT^^^TTT|jrqq Rifry yyi dniRich ddudi ctsit ^qqrr q^ srqqr '5tT??f qRch< qr^ fl^vnirTqf qfr% qry ^nyr q^ iRdql dHM % ■3n|q qq ^3^ qyi% q?r ’ft qjIf^?T qft 1 ^ yqdi qq d^Td

’ft ^^qrqr ^ qnqr % Wi'Rb qq qTqqT ’ft 3Ti|jfr ^q «Rtd1 qft ’qrr? cRft ft qqTTTftr 2ft i ftnqqftr; q? qj^ qq qqqq ft qftftqf % qrq^ qq^ ■Suflldd ft ^ ft -sqq ddM 'iHdfftm<q) TFT ft I -^rqftt

ddi'Ji ft ’qrfttqf ft 'Siiwd^M qq >3q?q-fftsqTy qq ’w ftqr fftqr ft i -STFif ’ft q? ■siqftt ^rftqi ftwiftf ft qnqq ft fftqrsftF ft ftt ftftft ft qq?T qq> ftiqq ftftt ft nlsd ftf ^qqft TT^qq ■sqqft ftft ^qqiftftT qjr ft -sq^jfftq^ ft qftqH ^ ft q?TFqftrfti

dHi'»i?Nd>i qq Hncti Sii-qldiddidi

NOTES

2.5 i^9Fr (Ramkrishna Mission)qyjqqftrq ’TRftq ^hm qq? yftqyR qqrqr qr ftt OTHftq qq ■srqrfftqif^ftqqrftf qq f^rqqr qr i

qq qqq qft qqqfftqi qftqrq ftfftqq j^^lfdftl qq yifdft ftyfft^qiftt ft qfftq sft i ftftft ft 'Sqqqq ft qrq ftfft qrft qf^qftt ft qqrr ft qqrq qftTTniq yft qsq yft ^qyifftr qqiiftq) qqqqr qft ftqft ft ^fefttqft qqqrq qqqT I T^tcT: ^ ftftft ft fft^ qft ft qftf fftqrqT^T ftfqq qft ftk qqftt fttÎd ftf fRfttf

qiqjT qftmw ’qrftfq qqrqftt Ri<d'<di ftft qftftqqq q^ qqqi q^ft qq qqrq fftqr i

rirft ft ftqft UTT ftft ft qfft ft fl^yft ft rrqsT ftqjy qrqq qrr fftn qr, fftyft ’rroffq Iqdftl qft w q?q qr fftqrr qrrft ^ ^fftr fftqr i

flûnfft cqqtHI

qq^qq qff ^qiqqr qff i fft?Tq yiftld ’rrrftlq -fttr qq^ftiqr dt^fd ft ft^ftq'q jbt ’jft wr ft, Rid4> yâft ftr Tnrcpjq qrqftrr ft i?qqq 3<syidy qftrfqqqr ft ft qry ft i

<id^wi fft^Tq qq fttîcF q|§q qrMT ftf gfftr, qrqqqr qft ftqr qqr rrftf yftf ft ftfq q^Nrfftqj dd<dai ft -sTTyR qr qqr qqqft dHM ftf qqqr qr i ^[fft fft$rq ftqffftq fd<sia ft 'STrqrr qr duai yft qft qftf ftsrr qqrq qqqr qrfqr qr qrrr: qrrft orrqRq) qnwfftrqr ftfqq ft arrqrr q? qrqftfqftqr ft fftft di‘jlftqi qqrftf qqr rr’ft rftf qq qiqiqff qft ftsqr ftf ftr qrqft §ft ftk fftqr fftftf qqfft, ftyqrq, ftr ^qrrft qr 'didiKd ftq’Tiq ft, qqft fftft %5rT qqr qRftfq qqqf ftf ftq^ qqft qq ftqqq fftqr i

fftrqqfftqr ng qffftqr qft§qf qriftr ft fftq yrf^, ■Hrqrfftqr qqr yr^fffftqr rnfr ftqf ft dd&did ydid fftqrr i fftsn ft qrqft qrfftqr qqrftr ft ofriftcT-

(1) '3?fT (qqftf 3fft Tiq^wr q?r ^yrr) qqftqftf, yrfftqr qqqsTMrqff qqr qqqftf qq qnqfqqr fftiqr i

(2) qFH fftsrftf ^ffr rr^ ft ^ wfi? qqift rmr qq ^rqqff qr yftfqft?? ftf siq^n qfr i


(3) TTif 'STTt'JiKHch % W?! 4l=n «FT^ <iiy^7 (^f^”) «I?I'■JiHid rRlT wihi-a ■^STT 3ii-'i1

cfjT% 'J'l^ % vjllqi ^ % ^sff ^ y^llRd cRH ^ ^fT?7 I

RrFT ^3TR)i4'i cITc^t sft I ■3TH': SJlf^ 'gUR % RT?I fl %8TT,ehcriJFT !FT ^ fWT 5RT RRR ^ ^ ^ n^-

(1) ^T^l-l, «IRHT^ iildl 'W R?IT FTTOTJFT SRT

?RraT w I

(2) tjTs «i>r gfcRTTaff cfi^ oTFrcn^, ftfefdi, m';h cfR?, gw srt ttr gc[^RSTT Ricbdi'i -snft' I

(3) -ST^jra Rum % ttlH TTFR 5f)l4 Re^ ’TR I

(4) JJl4l'JI cpff % ^ I

WFJT, TTTF^fM? JRJTTTf % ^FrT’ffT PE?R trg U^lpdl TcRT ^ MMlHa R

Rrut-Rrst ^ ^ RT tfrtRw rrh, 'iW ■srrf^ '^r ^ 3ii4l^ €it i

NOTES

«y|'^ ^HiFji'?)-dit^Rt45 wi^qiRai RSIT {Hi’Îci'h Rtssy-i*

tI^^TT I ^ felT ^ I-M^SFEIWFTTfHfWTH?FT

^ ^ ^ TTTT?%I hI'icm

(i) JIf 45TRT % % TRR RRR % >?RR 4?^ cR^ 5RgR aR^ R R’Rf W I

<4 tl*ilvJl

(2) alf ^Kdm 5R aiRflaft, ^5tlf^4i 9^d tRRTT t TicRr:

SR »5<;Kdi % SRT RTT%5T g-iTT 3?R tnfiqicfi SRRk gOTT I

(3) f$T?TT % RRf^RE diRRcf, Fcf td^.4 spy jrr cfR% dHM ■? îdqdNicJl gfecFt'’! SEf

ylmif^ feRT Rid^ '-t)icnd< 4^ tRT s^r IRfmdT

d^Rdd ^ TT^R ^rTT'jff STU y41=hK feyi RTT ^ TF^ftR Ref(4)TT^sn? % Richid ^l&WaB TFT I

d<l6'4tsj \iy<7iftejqi ift*T '3il <'ltTHah|[l aw■RTdd

(1) PT?TT RM Sj4 Tl -STTSjrftrf t aRlT’T ^3RT SRf gÎcf: 5«1IH ^ d^^lPSRT diHiP(«E ^ttPPTT 3^ ^ cR% R WH RFf RITI Twra’: diniRd'h g^TT =Er Ri«ik tflPid T?T I

(2) '3RT gSJTT -STRTvFT dT? W ^ R3T cRF TR^t T?T 3ftT ^KdTfl RT rTSE 5?ISHT

fcRTR ^ Rff F RR I

(3) ■3RJ gSJTT'3Tf?t?R’a^t rIT5 ?RET SHTFR’ft g^-'W ^ RTfr R^ gfe^Mt snif RE ^ #PRT TfT I

'jy'lcKl ^RZff ft? ft? R^RTg ST? ?ftTT ft fft? ReJ? -STfjftFT ft? M ft TPTÔT (h&H ddMft difft)-* Rft ftstiPd, gfeefft^TSET HTTR SRft, ■3TTgfft«FlST>RJTs^T yIft?4T ft? dftmd gssgfft ftRiTSRft ^SJT H<H<Mld ffts^ddM a|ft ahlftail RT SFR aRft? fft' 3ffT nRi^d Rft dHahlciid dHM % 'STg^FT RRlft ft

■yi'ian fftiRT 11

ST? -STR ftt ftft -JH'Sldd ft? ?iR ft d[«h4 ft Pidchi ftg^ d'-^lRiftf ft? R?? gRST f^TRI Rft ^3TgRlfftsft SRT ftt TRSftf RTRT ft 1 ST? cRTR Rft RTSRT ft >3ft^-5flrr gRT^ft STTT

ft? RT5T vinfdyd ftlfdd) Rft ^TTSIIlfftTR? ftsf?S R?T diHdi SRft ft? ftRTT T?T ft I

ft R?TT ?R4ftfft?STTar<T vfTR

ERR

ftifid RRW

Self-lnsiructional Material 19

2.6 (Truth Researcher Society)tr9

nucft 34i«5lniWIHIzf? "i^RcT ^(syd: H&Ki'?; ^ risR '^fTdiRi'yi ^iPfth ^5IR 'SllVld'i ^ Mdi cmJshhI' W

feiRRR “BRT SitycF RRRT” HR3T % 5RT ^ «rT ??jmT 1873'«41Rl<M 'ilR<;<iq % «i?t 2ft 1

7IRT9ThJ^ fPTM =Kr ■STsf % ‘Society for the Search ofTruth’^rsjftj (^TW ^yitdfyyidi % sTR jST lltR) tjRft cTMT ddM I SRTIRR

sraw fti 'd'lHMd ft yitdiythdi 2^ «fttT 2|Rlft cFT WR W I ddhlftl^ ^TFRr^ ft dIHlRich Kl(l«h<''l 2inif?R-yft ft Piftfsid £IT •Sldftff Stftftr, ft?R cT^JT

HIHch epft clft .3RRRsfR-cyddyi % 31TtJlT 'TT ddM ^ fitRKfFT fftiR RIT fciift-d -dilaftl fti ftra -STRftt diHifii«h ftftftr 2fft arftcf; oftlfftScTlftt, gjflfayl §ftwHrft ^ fftR W ?1T3TTf^ m ft ft tftR utlftr W % TOR ft ^ 5fT^ HFT 3RftTOT ^ W ^ I

flllftST =111^ % tiVid ftftjft %5TT 3ft RFcRTT’J^ ^Hdl«h< '^hTfftftf^FF ^TRTT ft fftjfft ft ftr-^WT vjiifdfti ft 5T ft^T 3R fftR R I ft. ^ tjcRR eft ^ dlHl(^«h RTTOn" ^ fttlf ftRRrifttf tjft TT^cnftt SRT ’if^Tjftt >jyi<yifl fft3RtTRT fti ft^ft ft ftt3 ■iUdlddi 3ft ^ Tft ftf I

NOTES

' r[3 ‘TOR’ R33R ft I aiftt^ dyrfw ft

ITO

fR^-^fe3iRdl, ddMdl HMydf^Rt idssidl % RTOR IT didfRicfi, dldJiRt* d WI =R

cfR^TT TOtsfferat TOR RT ^3^ 2TT I 3Rft TO ^5^ 3ft yifftl ftg TOR ft ftFT TOlftR tjtS3’ 3ft fttaiS'3 Rlfftrot w fftfRr'iliwdl?1 tft)3r

3TOT, (2) 33 TORT 3R3T TOT (3) ftrSTT 33 TOR 3R3T I(l)#fttft) Rdi'i dcM'd 3)<dl

TORttR TOR TOT R’Tft 3ft ft> TRTOT ft fftift 3ft uyidl ^ Pl^-lidRsd sW3ft % dl'd'IdR3T RT TOkTT ft

(1) TO^frl TO 3tTO 3ft 'jft ft digwiy ft) fft^TTT ft) RRIR 3T iftwRid felT ■3fk Rrfft TOT, HlRyiR3) dad'll -slk fftrot 3ft fftR f^«lftT % IftfttT ft TOITOkIT Wft 33 STOT fft)3T I

^ 3773^3)TO^ TO) % RtSIdl ft) -ITOR 3T '3T?Tfft?37Tft, Oft? d/d=f)fd<fi R35RyTT3T 3ft TOTR 3)Tft % 3fcT 3ft TOTOF ffti3T I TTT8I ft, vfri^ TOTTOT 3ft 3T33 TOT33T ft) Rd'S 3TOiR ftr-UTTOTt 3ft dRdl J^<l41 STTOTTO 33 TOTTT fftlftr I

f d'iRd 3Rft

(2) ’jjft "JR, ch4'*;JS3is, 33f 33 Riatd, yivn-d TO TOf ft) IftttRft 3ft 'JUdldH 3ft 3f )3ftT 3)FT 33T fft) ^§3T TOT ^ yftT Rft3f333> ft I

(3) %SfT 3ft gfftroiTO) 3T3T 33T sfR fttftt 3ft fftlW ft) TjiftfT 3Rft ^ TO RRT TOBcT % 3ftf, fft3T ftftT3)3T ft) TOR 3ftT, feRT TOT ft) ^id<y)di 3ftt ^ RRT ^5TT ft) TOT 3ftfl"

(4) T^-1ftT5TT qriR fft3T 33T •Sftr ft 3Tf^§n #1 ^ TOR JTO TOf?TO3 ftl TTORf Rt fftnftro STO3T 33T I Tftr-JTO dHlddi 3f I fftyiel ft) ^tTH ^ ft TO 3TO fft^Tlft ft fftl TO §TOT %?3 3TR 3Rft 33 ;3Tfft33T

fft %-,“ift3Tdl ‘Nl

3ft 333TOT 3)Tft) HiRyiR'h ftRRT 3ft 3TOlft 3ft ^t%$f «St

ft^riddWI ft) 3lft ft ftt TO3R TOlftt 3^ TOT <ifd5< TOTT TORlft dddyiftf ft)

TOT33TOTfft3T Wl(5) R^dl 3ft '3TTfft3)

ftroft

20 Setf-histnictinnal Material

(6) H feHR 'TcR ^ ^ ?TTF ifpT ^fcb{l^ cl?r cHT 3r(^ % ^ Tjff^ cMW'hiO ^ d'lfcia %m cTOT

^ froffer % f^ ^ fR^ 1%^n I^3W?W

NOTES

îHif^^ gîTT % ^ ■^Rr§fra^ wr jk 4I'i«r trw w b=h?it I-

1. ^RR cisiiPicn •sftr «HMdl % ^ 5RR g-STT ?T?JT af^fci^dldl cRT «h4«hr^<),

3?f yrw ^ NO'S pit4t ^ -jura'll ^ 14chid i

2. B^TR '4 ^ ^ 'JyTT, -SHraSBcF cHBcRIR, ^<11^015 ^ ^ % Id?&ia cEBBtT I

3. % 5IBR ^cf SRT ^ 3TTR I

4.

'3ftT vj'yo ^ I

I4idi*ll ^ R<jRi ift gSIR 3TTR -sftr -STT^ ?ftW % f4ft* B'lfi'd I

BUft BBTSTRcF BBR B d&Kdl ^ ^ B^TT fiEBRfr ^ ?STT B ^RT% ^ cRTB" fcRBT, BBBtT BB?rf«SJR Pi^dif^jd ctiPldl % ■BsftB tff

(I) Rtidldl % dcchiflld dlHpT

5-

BBR

(2) ^%Pi4I4ich STTBB B?r qi«if4ch ^ BFBTB^ ^ '3TBBR I BTSI ft, 'STR 'i^KdiRq!cfr BT5 t 4r 'BT^ 9TTBB ^ t^RBTB pFT I

(3) fllftST STTBB

(4) Jii^lq 3RTBRBT 4it ^ cfR% cITpfr iddt did'dl didlfîcn, BTTffe cqq<<ii 4^ qdl4 77§^ BiT §iidq4 eft BfB 4B ^ BBSTB f^BT ^ BBR RqiO % BidfcIîJ nRnRin BRrIT f I

BiT Bf ■Biicidd =hMl'd< cHtc^lJT % BfRRT % ■BTEftB defiBi W BfR ?BBB 'jff BTf BBpf BBT BBff^ BFTTRT % BBRff ST^tB vTlf^ eft Rîd ^dl4l <l'Jl4tf4 -BTfBtpR BB BBTB

f&TBTI

BBRtBB) BBR % dlHlRlBi-tllfjf^ch 5^ BTR^Bf eft Btrf^ ^ BTptBT PrT? BHTft t BTBT^ BF RrfefBTB f BB BRTSTtBBT BBR drBili^H BTBlfjTB) RBfBT B BftBrfB % ^BRBBT 3TfBfpRB)Tft BBIB’ BT Rft BTTB?f fB BBT BBTpT TfT, i^RT% q<qdl (BTB «ft) BKdld dlHiRieh BTBBT tg BBT

I

^BR eft t^RTB BKdld BBR BTT 'STTBSf BB ■STBf^BB ft BBTTIa2.7 »ii<a % îtQ^rH (Peasant Movement in India)

<BidR< arfiariBlft BiT B4T BTgi%BT dvfid BBTB" I

tlritjiehici'id BTTcT ^ didaqifl BRRBT ^ Rid4 fTBBT ftB BB? feTBBrT ^ I BBB BF fjRTBTT BBT Bf ff^T ’JBTB BT f^TBBR BT sfR Bit OTft ^ efT TMt ^ ^ BTt BT %T1^ BT ^ BT I ^:RTTBF, Bit -STBft ’jf^ BT Tifr BTRTT BT BT -STB ^ BTTBTBT BT BBT ritBTT BF, Bit ’jftftB BT -sftT bRibT

% ^ 4 ^Rt % tIbT ^ lirtt BRBT BT I FB TRF f>BR BTBlfÎeF BBBt % Blf^ BB Bf^BTT BBB BFrB’iyf BT ?itBR ai'dRtffd BT ^ F^t SfTB’Wff BjcUBT % 14^5 t|i4F3 'SrrBfBT BTT an^BTfB J-STT I

BR BBf FR I

(5) . ^

BT BiteirfB efTT f^ftB BTT% % gTBBT BRBT TFT f I

Self-Instnicliohal Material 21

. ■ ••<■£.

^RtT ^ Orf^f^R qyfn Rll^l'id ^ fcffÎ^ 3^5^ % tftrT T?T I d*yiR, >3^ 'JtS^ f^RT iiWcfiJ % '}ia4d T7§T ^ d^hdl %—

(i) ywd;

(ii) awidli ?ftW ^ ddi^ ■ct><'ii I

(in) ^ ift?T ^ I

(iv) >3141^ % 5flt qii^ «^t WT ^ ^n'tOn-i cixn ]

(v) KjiHftI TIT i^SK R fcRft -SRJT SRT ^t)«hf % SflW ^ IcT^ cRR I

(vi) TT^ % 'd«l’>Jl îqyi 1^ OdHK % oT^d SRT =RR -STlft I

^«¥<ft 3n<;l<iW SRT ’Ttr JT^W

’TRrf ^ ^ BRTPJ^, ûc(''i-fcl?l'1 c^t ^ dw>iflld if dHlI^«h ■3Tf7t?R

^ RiRi-d fenrsiRT'Sff ^ ?nTtf^ ^—• Wmk’^ îiqldd 1917 if ^T^RifT 'nrsft % ^ f^RT iRT I ^ Sli'slcn fq&K viOHiQd ^ cPf

..lidRl % SffW Rit><iS ^ I

• l^fT Î'Tlfl'l 1918 ^'Ji<id ^ ^^TT '51^ wdid qtj^t % i«<7tl9) JjRRf % fîdldl % iTT^ft 3ft %# «qiHch 'STRTcR I

• qi<«;1tn1 WHIT? 1928 if ^piricT^ if iMFn W m I

• ?1iTFn 'Jiiclî'i (1946) ^rf^’a’ft sFTRT if tFIR qtjinl % qeiNi iRT ■SuVldd ’ft ■Jicd'd ir^T^rjJ’f «gdl % fjid^ f^dldl % OTjf ^ 2/3 ’TFT ^FTR % î'T ^ ^ ^ 5'^k f^FTT 8n I

• dvi'liti 3TT?t3FT ?f5TW irTTcr f^StF^F 'STTO ^ % 1948 ^\&id«ll^ «jTR4n if fdl^d $ft’4’’T

% fcld'vSi ^ H5ry'4_4 -SIkIcR ^TT f&RT^ fctidul' % SftW % ^ TTO ^ <I<Î4 'STRf^R 4Tt

’ft a’TTftR fcfRT I

• dW'n'41'Jl '3n^t3FT 1967 ^ 44Vtd if -flld'lifl 5Sn fdt^d f^hdt^ % SltF’^ % fcldsS

TtcF ^PTFISTT^ 3TT^t?R STT I

• ’J^ 3TRt?FT dddi'^flth |i^ TFTT^r ^ ^SfTTFT ^ -STT^ fiFTtsfT ’TT^ SHT W I ^Sn-^ldd ^Tftcffr fTSjT 'h‘iuil< 4if % Rtjdidl diftd g’STT I

2.8 ^ Pûsi-^ '411'Ot'R (Backward Clases Movement in India)

’TRTT ^ froft ^llfd^l ^ TrawTFT T[4) «r|fT ^Ffl^ft TFBFFTT 11 ^ d<94i if % fejft

-Jtilfiqi 'STTcff ^ 3ft '3TT|?T TfT ^f^d 3fTf^ ^ -stfr TJ^ 'Jtiidql ^ ^ft^ TRft % I dlHT-^d; 4F ilTFT ^fRT ^ % '3TITT ftrjt ^ ^ ^ 3nidq| f 3ft ^'lRl«h ^ffT dl*dl^th ^ ^ Pt&^ ^ f, îq^q«S if^ ^ iliRfqi Ticf <l'JfflIdsh M # ’ft RlSÎ ^ I

i)T‘fl'J| ’TTRT If tqid»jlTl< TTITR if ^R^Tltt 41 id4) % HK''il*i*<it^H ft Rtw^ 3TTfrRjt TT?itfF dlHlf^4>, 3nf^<M4iid<î 3?% ^ff OTfr i 'JtiTfiq'i r ff’TTcr5T?f% cii# srjig" 4lfdqf if (Tpffeft

T2IT cRT 'i'*J5l-l, ’J;-Tl“^fTiq'l % 3TTcf7R iR TffiTT f^fyfFT, qcpF^t oTlf^) ^ % ^Rqi 5dl4>t if fftF sEff^ rT?IT

f^FT f^Tjt 4iff ^ «hcî'î-41'jni4 arrft îiRd ^ i

NOTESTFTT3f cR ^ if TSnfiFT «h<dl 1

>

% Rdâ R)di4l CRT ^ ftldeiKii* ■3TRt?R ?n 3ft d«;Kd4H

43^


^ titnaff ?f^ sif^ ^ tii*ri«i '3nf^, dwiDi'*) Ti^nfrf^’TT arflTcF qrr i ^ ^ arfs^T cTTfT cpff % ^ d i

^ ^viTiqn; «HI '4t f^c5?r ^ TT H&i^'^'jf ^HTTcf qST I FI’% ^'4d ^ cpf 5?^ m t

ftw=T ^ :j?7T^ cRt d 'SfiT ^ ^ Fff % ^ srarar ^rr-^ ^^dH'ifiJfl -stI^ ci?t ^ if OT ■>n^ ^ §T?ff # 3^n%r # fPT i

^7TT3' if f^Bt Ff Slkldd ^ f^2Tf^ ^ 11 BtR ’TRtT ^ 5?RT if affl ’Tf^^PTHKcl if f^BST spr 57n?r 5l«^< ^ppff WRriÎtF, It^RF tM'flfd* R«jfri c^ cIR^ ^WB ^ ?IT I

'PTTrT if fâsi «pf îcli'i .^R^KffcHFI % Rgdi'+i fqcV % WT ^f g>5|T I cfF FFf% BWft dlsbRy]' BSIT WFTT'Sft if 3TTT5FI SfRf «FR TTJpfrt^ if sTTfETWfff ^ ^ ^RTT ^fFFTTif ■SPpft BfifRT Î'flciO ^ I ^Kcilil TP^ % 60 % 791^ if # Flf ^ OTRSPI ^ =l)f

HSKMI % cJF 1T¥FT

gi5J'J|

% feclBB sfe f^JGlg ^ îqffych 3VTcT§TT^ ^ âmld % ^RFf if (IHI^l4l1iqtb< Ffe ^RqK % ^ 'BTTrPRWTR 3TKPR IRTfeni 2IT 'HKd % ’IR f^RIRfr %'WTFW ^SRIT Sl^ vPT ^ f ^ % sTT^FT -SPRT ^TTBreFFT ^TT% % id'^ itT-5)l5J'J|l ^ fÔT, d^^fd, <i'Jtdlfd offr JRTRRT if 9I&j'j?I cFT BBRI 5R <}F WT <<iiRd «h<'ii

I

^8TTT 3ii-<slcTiwBra

NOTES

afelT «fR^ sft I 5rf^ 1921 p; ^ ^ sfr^ ^ %i<chiRj«hl< ^ FfTRT % fllR Bwft 4I4iR41' if PfBt ^ -STROT «I?r Bt^'JII' «A 1 ?f|PT if

'Tf$P‘i ’TRcT «Pff ^ ^ BtR ’IRR ^ ^FRT c6n?f ^ vfFT^ fcKÎT ^ ^5>r 2TT IRy^l 5nf^->TI^ % FTP!

f^d=hi ^ 'ifdai ^ %-siify''i'i 3T2RfT «Plf BW 'difd4l ^ BdRd oTf^fr ofiT fff8^ % fchdldl 3)t d'lRd if FHR IF I F^f% Rl^Rf Rm fif> vdlRf % "SlFf BRB % ^ PfdlOl dî % BTF ^ OTT^ ^ | JJB Pidirfi ti«i«t5<, ^Bl^ Blf^BT ^ffT Rfts^^ I BW if PRB BRT^ BRfPT ^ ^ #7 FT RT BTF?f 51^ FTlftcT <FR Tft I

^ f^RTTTt ^ FtBR THtcFjr 1 F^FRRft % BI^ % BIBTBRT «HNI; 1917 if yiyPlcb -sflT BlP|c|l4 cR ff

Bffr TPB B9TTBB if Ra^ BJFRT % d?t4l tp BBRlff dicftRq'i ^ 50 ilRlyid BTTTRTB «R ^f I F^f%

BTT^ Ff W WTB % ylftiii^d f^RIT f% 4 59TRTB ITTetFff % FIH 77 Bpif #7 FT=Ff sTlFR 5BTR4f

% FTRT ’R ’fr 7TF W I 1919 if flrft§T ¥9TT7TB STTT ’ft URT =^f ftrsjR ft BTT^ #7 Ffrlftf % Rrt TTTfT tM^R BTTTBF FT VT^raTB RBTI

BtR’TRcT if ftB| Fff cftr Rsrftr ?RtF OfR q^TPT irTTB 5?RT ft Rrb 7ft 11 <d%R ^ qf^ BTTB ft f^BfT qft BTfftTRT ?TFft % iTFIRjFR % 7F ft f^lft ciRin B ft7-inFftf FT ftt TFTSR TURT BT I BiR FTW ft Ritssi qft BTPtTFT 4iFT sil&J^l RT7>^ B FRR BRPft uiifd4l [iTFR, TM'^d

didl (FTB7?T)] ft> Rid<a 7F ft I if^FHd; Rtuft qft OTFTTR Ft TTBPT % B^BT^TF BB 4t OTTTBftT B t^ftB FT 7TTBBT BRBT BfT I

BT7B % TPrfttftiF 9<dd "R fftBfT Bft OTTBIBB ^B TPTftrTT^ TPpffftTF % ^Blftt BTBBft ft BfftRB BB ft ft I «jtiRi bRtb -3^7 BfiBB BTTcftB <Mftlfd offt TTTBBft BtBTfftft ft 31^ t^Bft BB? ft BFftt q^ft ftt 3iMdl BBif hjiô BRTft ftf I 3iRgd BTTcftB 7B7 FT Riasi Bft OTfBfBB Bft BBR ft Bftt

î<F 'Bft^rar ft 1873 ft B’Bf TTTBT ft 'BBT sftBF 7TBTF’ BiT RTTBBT BftBRBT I 7T7B $fT?TFBBPT

f BIFBt % q^Bft g,dl4l

Self-lnslruclional Material 23

srtr ’TsBfT xi'Ji'ilIfl % ^ <M'iai’3Tf <M”iHa«h ti'io-if %FfcTiRlT % ^^ «Fif ^ ti'ififl 5iT yqiî IWimPricb aTF^tpR

cFi^^ ^ WI ^ 'jTrar 'Jiial<4 (ÎRcT,■?TWT ÎTT 3n^

cpit ^f4f, ^Ffqft ^ ^) ^nf ^ I ^3^Pl^Hii I 5I=fiR ‘y-Jiinfcl cff Ejn^' ^ ‘’STj^TT’ ■Jiilayf tf>r yi^'Hl«J §3TT i^T^nBT >3^5^■3TftT, 'JITS, y'^<, 3fR <M'Jd 'Jiitriql Tf ^sjilna ctX'ii ?n I f«i5K ^ ^ <<1?^! % ^3T?r “Ri^''fl tl'lH”

NOTES

^TFTcF WIHIRI':^ <N41lci«h ^ PlHÎ ^T I ^ 1967 % 5)1^ i^s=h< ttyw IcT^TTO<H<«hR ^ni ^ Rai «Pt cRt T^ \3^ yfclPlRlSl I g^T: shiPd ^yw

;'3TT cTOT '*rTT^ ^ ÎMHl I i«TFR ■sftT ^3x11 ?^T % PTTJI ^ ^ î

^ Ihxi jfjt I*rjT^

?TFTF^: yiRq! % [yasi ^ xt'ioi ^ Flu^ «nf 'STSJ^ 'JtiRiyl xPPT15T t 5fr y14101 % 5^ ftwt ^ PihIî ^67^ 11

^ 4lf4d■aflT 'Jiifflyi ^ ^yffy'h f4ai ^nf

f I as)i[y, ^ 5)N?f

3mm4l-^wliy

1975 ^ chlilti «'('*)K % \3xrT 3^1 «9fly«h [yasi xpf 3Tnjl^ ^ %3IT I xjflch< j^<j|i<4*i Rff <jn;q, ^n^y+tR 9K«(, 4tt^S!T 3>*tK xWT'ft. Rl?^ ^cTTSff % 14ai ^ 3TR1^R^ 3TT^ qsiqi I 2001 7RPITST Rif SiRT ^ -STSZT^ ^ f4^5| «FTf 'TF^fR g ;R% [«i«hiti % viyi4l ^^5 TTRlf^Ri 4x15>r f^RT 'M I ?7ff 3l«FR yiqiqcfl % 14a^ 3pif cFT <i'Ji4lfd'h M 4 7im4«; 9)<4 ^ tiqflyqi W7T l ■arR’ f4l5| =14^ <i'Jt4ilriq> f^FlT 13x17 g^T ^ <M41Iri % TIR ^<^41 fa 4 4f iirr THIRT ^ l TTRIRcT: ^ «KFT jIT TRlxTr % -SmT TF'jyf l3xT7 ^KxJlq <M41Ia 4 I4usi

cpf 1751 ^nql xiiq)S ^ ■'rar % I

7RR 4 '3T4«R yRyxI-i 444 5T7T xZrf^xFRT TTI^jf^ M 4 uqx4l SR r4 '14 4 I 44 yqx4f xl4 tUHlNch 331^1x11 ^ TTsTT Rift ^ I 3Trr: TTRlf^TcR 3ii'4lfl'l hR^NI xfi74 §4 îFT RTRlxfTI t4i “SF TRMT ^ lift THTR -STSRT TnjF, Riticfii ÎF RF I, 4 HT<q4*l lTl4 aT^RT 7Ri4 %

4^4 Rix-xi'ni 4 =l5l4 cR TFT 41

• RIxT 4 ximiRiq) 44 yRqrfi x1t4 4 TTRlf^Ri ^TPSfRTt 4 'TFxxTJ^ f4Hl41 ^ 1 TJRf4l«hItnfl4 4t 3|i'4ltjH §11 IS^Rir 1343^ 7TFTT

sr-Rwif, Ritrt-Rrtf 14471, 5|r, rRt-w, i4t-g8iT ■srif^ 5î?4r «i4 tftrt tr 7<n?i 174 7RR «St TTURTT 'RR r I

', «?4r, 3I7gS7IxTT,

• 13x17 'TR?T 4 1875 4 ^qiic d«<(xfl ST7T 0114 WfM ^ TÎFIR ^ 'if WTOfjR? 'Jfislrt'l

2111 ?7l4fl^WTWlf^TO 7nRw431M j4f44t ^ «R4|lt'l4r7FIxrll'^7TWFjf THt I^"j_

RR21T 721Tf4w 'R4 WT SW f4WT I

^ I TTWÎTO f4^M yixfld ^Kolq XI^Ri• 7<n4t f44^Frs 41997 f. 4 ‘' XqiHH

aflT -STT^RR) TlTfifcT 4> 434rT TFT ^ I, Rld4 SSxfe 4r xiy^wi trTqFW 4 I FTRil 5MT7W1 «hlfl«niai 4 4^ ip UW 11


cFT -arsf t ‘Society for the Search ofTruth’ '3T?Tfrr ^

I ^ 4f^4t ^TRrl 5?^: ^TFRT^ 'f tjcfi

• OTR

c|l«lf^=t>dl % fFH ^ TJR) duni TFTR dlHlPl«h SJlR^ STT Dldi '*l4sbHf ^ Ptyfo'l ^ ^yi-yy-i “^RJT STT?!^ ddM"

=fTO5 HRT % 3RT ftcTT 2TT 1^RT^ wjiH'ii 1873 ^ ■«i'lta<iq qlfqqîq ^ 4t i NOTES

tfiT 'i^<g chlivi^ I

2. 3Tt4 tiHM % -STFT =FTt ^? §dq)l ‘jrqi'q)'! chll^4 1

3. <iH'j>wi fifSH 5^ t? 1^§R % yqid I

4. ^Kffly dHM ^ tyivrt ^TFTIIvIcF ditÎrlch <î^qiRdl cRT dlt^Ridi Rtu^Hd ^ cB7% % f?T^

<IH^wH ^ 41'KM %?

5. Wf $Tt^Tcf) ddM 5)1 55T -STsf %? didiRiq> ^SITT ^ ^ ^ TRTSlty^) ^FTR cRI <PTT ql'KM

6. i^t5fT spf ^TF^t^R -STIT 55T t? tzrrw 5)t^ 1

1.

^F8T

• AiQff, ‘^nl’f} 2001, dlRfi/lw'jf),'d(<*<'î, v/7m4J, I

• 2004, ^m, ffrf^ nlHii<fl rfs siw ^’?w;h1^4Iw^, /tf# /

• Rajendra Singh, Social movements old and New: A post modernist Critique, Saga Publications, New Delhi.

• Ray, Raka, katzenstein, Mary, Fainsod Katzenstein (Eds) - Social movements in India: Poverty, power and politics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

• ^SNT%, 2003, 5/3<V/, '3r tf?/«q?OTxflt?)(7 ^ qi^Rb'l, ^ fe#

t

Self-InsirucUonal Material ''25

^

♦ilHlPflch 3l|-q1cT1

NOTES

fTTiFTr

3.1 (Objectives)3.2 5IWWHI (Introduction)3.3 3TRt^ =BT 3r«f tj2f (Meaning and Definition of Peasant Movement)3.4 (Causes of Peasant Movement)3.5 % irgil aiKltT'i, (Main Peasant Movement of India)

— falW f>TO 3Tr^t?R

— 51^91 ^— MRct ^— *15KI'Si ^ 311-0 511

— JjRRT ^ 311-0^-1— «1Ks1lO ail-Ow-l — Oiiin ^ fiTO 311-0'n-i

3.6 5iRTTRf ^ 3lKt?R (Labour Movement)3.7 3Rjn#T 3TtO?R’ (Tribal Movement)

• ^TTTf9T

• ‘iwiVi-t 5r9R

• IRT

3.1 ^3^9^ (Objectives)^ ar^zTRT % 3R3PRT % q^cfT^ fcmr^jf ;

• Shlfr|chl(l tflHlfOch anOfl-l ^ ^ «*15i^ ^ I

• 3ii-0lci-i t(cf an-Od-i % ^1*19^ 1

• cRFFTlff % 3TT^t?R TTFRFTff I

• 'Ji'i'Jiialq aiiOci-l ^ ^ ^ I

3.2 y^l'^Rl (Introduction)shlRi^iid SllOtrH Wnf^ WcTW «HT I,-URT; TTjRMT 'R

5I5iR arfJIcER % SRTI ^ fO«^ ^ ^ tii*<iqiO TTR q5t t«llH-ll

?rsn 'TRfT ^ -icKnO. 3iiO?i-i, ^ «;h-i^i 3i I On'll % M' ^ <mw ^ ti<+)0 % I

«Ft qwT ^ qr w qqpr cfr '3iiq«iit’qciT?[^

rRq ^ flTzr t '3T2PIT <il*iiMsh .

«6T &C.1-11 ^


% WSr WT I ^ sFlf^cbl^) ^3^^ ?M ^

^-•‘iffl^'llcidl rTSIT di'jfB'h f«r^ ^ -SIcRÎT % ^TTT^ -arf^ tlHMqsiiPlch yft ■3TRl'jl'il' % >Ji'lq'idshl' cJiT ■ST^ZI^R

d'lodV ^ afrr 'Jiyd< ^ ^ I ^ 3T?2rnT ^ ^ sFfRj^jrft 5Tf?f?Fff

CR •3TJJRR I

3.3 3Tr^t^ ^ 3T2f mR»ii'hi (Meaning and Definition of Peasant Movement)

^q'h Sli'^lcul ^ 'JfKIR ^ dq4 tJit ■3TWRRT T^T %, ^ % 'JllnildHI ^6ldl ^ I *llcrtf % ?ft ^qq> ^ c(^ f^f^RT ^ ZTTI Rh-^ iTT'jflr^ ^ sbiPd ^

^1

sik'I'Hhi' ^ xTcif tR^ ^ •ai'tiicn ^ w I, ^ ^ array.qch % i

’ft. Q<iii ^ ST^ ^f, “^tjch -stp^Wr, ^ 311*41-Tn sIt^ aftr ^R^ f ^

3liq?qq)ai3Tf % ^ 3^?% dT1l4<ch dqi[d4l % 3iq<lw % ^cR ^

3Tt4^ ^ 3if^^(gdl ddq

3^7 ^^TTM^T ^ 3TTTT I 3Tf4

4(i<fil*i twTfl«»>n1 JiiqlcTt

NOTES

% dqlqq 311*4^*11' jR ^ TTJ^R ^ TR IdKiq'^l

11"^ 3TF47R fiW 3ii'4d’l ^ RRTT t, 3^4)1 ’Jj'TW,

^qqil ^ 37t^JcfiR yq>4 sTRT ^ 3T2RT ^*^4 ^[RT l”

?f. (7R7 % ^71 ^ ^R=F-3TF47R 4^ ?7T 7RF nRHiRta 'RTT 1% “îf^-cRTjf ^d*<iPiR y4'î % di&tTl yqidl «Ff |>^-3li'4d*i ^3wR d«ITR5T 3n TRETTI11”

St ’3IT7. /rtP ^ 3i^dK, “I^Tfr 3TSRT fidi 7R ’Rf f^7^T«R, 3HISIT TERlf ^ 1^7^?T 'Rf fS<gicti<

^ TirfrTFT ^-WlRiqf 3T2RT d^PUrT d<=hK cR ^chl^ 4)7 yqid qxdi ^ eft fiPT 311*4tI*! ^

Ir^ 4)fr 3TK[ rft ^44) 3TT^1d*i qtgn: <gla5< RjJ^ 3TST4T Rhdi4 % d*qp'J7r % 3Tf4?R f

4it ^3^ §Tt4R, 4713 7RTT 3TTpf47 H<d''4dl % feWF 3744 f I [4dM 3T44I 44 37 dedi'i I ^ 377^43444 44) 3TT4S44) 373 ^ 774)777 ^ I TtTft 477^ 47777

4IW 5474737, SJR 44^ 474ft Ul4^l 3tt7^ 7747 373T47 ^ 37473 477%

3t ?3 3714 34 44 7T3R 7713T%t ^ ^ I

77^37^

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477R 77T47R7 37f%4)%)477 53 3l77%

3.4 ^7sr7 3rF^t^ % ch7<«i (Causes of Peasant Movement)^R‘<i*1 '*J7 % f)47F 377^4t3%f % ^<9Md: 4R cRT^ 47774 (‘3^) 3ejld 7737 4TpR4 377477 %

■4 4% 777^ % ^f^,4RT47 % |)44% 4% f%3f7ft ft«ifri, (t) 37f% 37$7-’Jjff 4% 34^41% I

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477774 % f)44) 377^3f33 774

3744 ^ 37777 I ^|57t7ff4)7'3 4% % 47773 44 7^77-0Plîdl % «447774 7747

4ft43-4743 477% 47777 «^t \jfff%cFr

^ 4fe7 ^ f 474 fcRTT3t 7747 4774f % 374 4%f 377773474

<Îd5< 3)<^t< dyl'il4%R4l^

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^ I % IcbtiM ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ”ft% ^ r^<ly

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’TT ftiw ftt jfrft ft I

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ft I ’iKold dHM ft ^TpftftR % PlMlflI<gd W- ift fvRft v3?T^7^— (1)^ftcft ft ft) ^ ^sft, (2)’^RRT *1^ ftf 'Htft ^T^RIT yi'j>fdch wftft ftf^^rfftftf,

(3)^ SRT fftft^ ^ ^Mr ^ ^ ftift ft) dN'jji, ÎT rTPlT?! yiKt ^

fttft % cRIW) tfiwf ft, (4) ‘i&M'Ti SRT ^nft WT sft^, (5) “4d«i^ ft d^'siPya

-StfftcFlfftft ^ fttftrftr 3TSM Sft’^W ^ S^fftftt, (6) TftfftR ^ sprraR ^ 3?rT ^ 5®^ftlJSTT-^rjf^ 5Rft >47 fft^T cFR^, TTftt ^)TO 'STpftfeFT ft) efiKî *TTft -dlft ft I

’TRftftr'Srkldd 5^PId; ft ft îl^d ys^ ft l ^TT. TTWft ?7T Hl'^dl

ftt ftft ^ tiyaNi 1ft) ’J^R, Trftfcr rT?IT ^3T^ SrfftTRF ^Tlft^R >3^: ftftqift fft^TTT^TRr ft ftifti ift I

?7lft) Iftyâ ft’TRTT, ftdl'in, ^RTT^Rlft rW 3P7T ’jift •STFRRFT ch^^PiM ^ÎRTTRr ft yîilftfl iftTrar fldhidld ch‘^PiM <M^[riy) ft ^3% ’TT’JT TRftft fftR I ?ftt iJ^R \3Tlft ’TTTcT ^ yfft>ia Pt'flf^

ftt?f Î'fttjld (1946) 5)fftftr fft^rTTÎRT ft SHTfiftcT TFT, jRfft) 1970 571 ^ffttTT’Sft ^ti-ftdd «h*^Pl«

Ift^Kyid 97 ■3TT?ITfftT 8JTI

TFT >ic4?i ftiR -SR^TnaTTftr ft ÎTdTyimPifleB anftIpR

NOTES

ftftifftft^ft ^ ftifâ ftft

fftftiftft 3TTftftftftr 3n7)KJ5i«i

ft) 7R«RT ft fft^JTT ^ ft ^ 'h&’ll ehfftd J) ftfe ft f«(^K ^Rft.’R^^’Tlft ft fft) ’TRTI^77 fft7fT7'fftft I

I-ft '3TTftt?fft ft yjj<3a: ftR Tdft ftfftftr ^ TRidT

?7r '3lftft ft ftft 'JtHlftiftfft ■STKITtfR ^ ftft ^Tftf ftft Iflfoi

7R5)R SRT sRlft 1ftR RITI19ftT Sldis^l ft) 'Updd ftf ft ^ ft)^ ^ ^cFRT 9% Îft) ’TftR *Tft ftt 3TTftt I ?7lft TUftH ftft

ft TRFjrft ftft" ft ^ ft) ftft f^sjfft ft ojpftsftf ^ ft ^ I ITT ^rftti ft gjTJ

■3TFft?R W I'T- (0 fsl1^?r d<4)K ft ft Ift^ 1855 ft 7F?M fftft I (U) TH^jFRf ft Ifto-S;

1875 ft ftftr ft ^ I (Hi) 1870-85 ftt Slftft ft ft -STdTlTITff ft ferTHT) ftiRf ft fftTR ^ft ftclft 7n?fr ft Tftift gt? I (iv) oR?! Rial? I (v) lOftf SRlftt ft 3T^rR ilftf ft di^chitt ft Iftosa yfli®! ft

Rbdid Tftjft §171

7FI 2005 ft 1911 ftt 3Rfft ft fftdul' ^ |# gftiftf ft jftq ifTTftR TP^ cFfftTT 3171 ftt^ 1«rft^

1727177 ^ fftl? R? I 3917-18 ft H$l^ ftsft.SlTl tirHIil^ fftTJT ’im,■3mNI W I ■Slftcf) TSJTftf q7 TRftjft ft 'TRITT ft W ft 3TTft eft ft^rftl ft ’jfftTR 3^ ^nft ft |cid<Si

31pft?R fftl( I ?7fl gSFT e[T7 Iftdul' 3 fl^ ^fftftf

ft 27? TftcRFT ’TPl Urt 1ft ^Tlft ’^ffteR «I)*7 ft TlftPIT ftft FTlft 3Tlftft) ft?7fft ^^77 dftft I 37 TRR 71^13 ebllld ft 3iTd4d 31Fft7Rgft 1 iftp -aii-aldd fftfR ft % fftdMl 3171 <i,<14ly ^-WlPldl

ft Ride^ Iftm 2F711 ^7771 ■STlRftR ‘ftTl’ ft ’jIftTR qqdl ft Rld^ *71 I^dftl ^cfilft ft y)d<n ft jfjft

ft fftTlR OfTT^lft ft I

7R27 3177 ^d?4l‘i 3TT2^ftR 71711277 W ftlTlft


^ ^Kdlq -jflylRich cpf ^ 'TT “jitT ^ ^

<1*1^1^ ^ ^ I WalM

«[TrT <+>ij)t1 % tili2('Jii-TT^ ■ift ^ | 3fl'«lti'l % yi<P‘i«r ’TT /

f^TUTi qr ’jJ^r clT^ ^ tiH«<4i^3ff % qfrf '3ri%I<f)T?Rr: vjcjitil’i \ *1&IWI qMf %NOTES^ qqr I «hiil« ^ i4i4l'J| ^ tiftfaql 53T?

SRT '3TF?f^ ^^ZIT ■sflr c^t >3TIT SZJPT Rqi 1 «hiilti

^ ^ qiq «HTi% ^ ^ ^3?r7 ^ ^ ^ ^nff^rff % qff ^ i

(2) (Secondry Phase): 3nîRq ti'iO'iT ^ 3?^ — chiilti % 'fl4l't;i{f rTSIT

^ TW •^rt^ STPTT T!^ 2S\ 1 5«tht 155 ^50 1^ Utî"! '*TTT3 ^% 3^33 gt^ I Rh^M 3TF?f?Fff % qT?ZR ^ ?ftsl nRqcf'i ^ cFT% cIT^ #>1 ^ >31g^

^ q)f^ f% firfr ^ T5TT t i 3^^ ^

^ TW % 33% fl'ioi ^ #T3^ ft3T I

g-STT f% ^sfi) #7 «slft«hl % F13 % 3333 ^ % f%RT3 qpfi' % PiPfcl gt? I 3=5 1923 % 3%SI?T3 f%3T3 fl'io-fl 3?n ?f3 33) ^ Ri*<Ri §311 3^ 1926-27 ^ 3733, 33M 33T 33T 5I%§T % ^3 3Fif

*rf%3T3333?33lf 3^ I 5^133 %3131)^31331 %f%3Rr3%il*i«hf %^3^§fT, 333, 1928-29

% feftq 1930-31 ^ I 5133 33% 3)1 ^^13 3731T 3533 31^ 3^ sHTl 331 ?3 33% % 31^3133133

3<3)K %t ?3%T 3T%3) 331) 3)1 31331 3|T I ^3% ?3 5lt3l' % -33^3133 3)1 3)l%t 33 Rl311

1935 % 5133 f%313 =*)iiiti 3)1 ^1133=3) % 35I33T ^ ^13% 513531 % =3lfe3 3R33%f3 1%3R 331

3311 3F 1%313 331 ^rf%3) 31313)1 3T13)1811'3ff 331 3T13S33)313l1 cHT 33 3f I ?31%3T3 33R31^ 3?1 ^ 313 % 33331^1 33 33 33?f3 =3flT Slf%l 5133 gt I ^ST % RtRT?! 313f %

f%313 331 % SRI 3l 51513 ’SiI'Îtii 333? 3^1, % ^ 51331 31RS1 5lt51 % 3%f3Rf % ^ % fe3T3)

3TR3t33 331^ 31^ I RlPfl 3'5313^ =311% diR^cl 3115113 f%3R 331 % 35^ %51T y^lai %, % 1%fR %-«lHi6i(l '3'^tTl 3 3*3^33 '3TF3133 331311 3'T33)lfl =333 33^^ % lqfi<a sF^13 3R3 % 1927 %

33% ^ 1^313311 ?5fl 3337 % -3133133 337 51^ 331 ^§1 % -333 qpff if =31%f51% % -315313171

% fe313) 3331 33 I

3?%g3f>33) -31FSf33f 33 33^ 37 3313 3S511 =31 7^ 311 7131 33 71=3=flf^ 3313 %=357

«hiilî % TTJFTl 5=311 ^fl7 ^liRsIl 33^ % ^3^ chl4a)*i 3) f^ 315337^ ^3R 5=331 f%7 %1 -ji41gkT % 1^ 3)1 3f^ ^ ^17 7%^ 7R33if >73 ^)f% 3f4<f)l % ftcll 3)1 731 3)7% %1 R3f% % 33%71 =313% 3% 3^1 73 713% I 715 1937 % %?1 % ^PTjI 3131 % 3)1 il« 7173371 3% 733R1 gf %1%)3 % |)f% %3 % 33%751 f%3% 75R % #31

3% 333353-311 %1 =^1% 3^ cF7 71%11 f%FR % 3)f%7T =jl%l3R, 7115-313 % cplTW 3^3’’571 f)33% 3 |)f%-5lf%%1

I 3771337% 533 5*<)5 % %133%713^3=^571 ^f%-5lf%3% % ftll

% 3^1 3)7 71%) 1 %3ra % %5 ST71 ^3%1 %> Igtl % 31%3) 33^3 3337 "'l^ 37^ 333)1 3^313

3? g^ f%) Rhiii 37 5^ =j%7T% 317% 3% 73R-7313 37 5|% ^ ^1313311 73^ ^ f%) f%f%3 7I=33l

% 3% 3)1%7T 3{%3'>?71 î3«Fl 3 |)f%-«lf%3% %1 i^Rl 5^117% 3% ^ 3^ 3)7 71% I 3ft'313 3S gOT

7%% f%til'll 3 5^%^ 5lf%%1 % -Siti-fllM 3fcTr 331331 =R?f% fil%3’-7r3T3%, 7P%5R%5131 yawl’ll % 31533

% =51331 713 53371 f%31 =5% %?MI%1 311

f%?T7 % 1%til'll % 3)1%71 3R33^'StT % f%331713151 % Rit)^ 3f %31% 37 jTPsltl'i 35331, 5-%1- %

g-311, 3)=jft % ^Rw.Rtii'l ^ -3TF?t7R g=5Tl I 3%31 Rifil? 5131.3573=31

% %t71 3ll'4ltl'1-5)3% 713%! % ^ 331^73 ? I ?% 7133)1 •hR'ÎIH 3F §'311 f% 1937 % 1946 3% '313Rt %

t%)31

7131 %1 =^1%33 tl‘10'1

I I

I3)

ISelf-lnsiructional Material 29

^jrrfTT^R, 'Ji4|'gk ^ 'ST^cF ■3TP^t?R I ’TR^ 3TF7[?R % ^fcTfRT^ ^ % fcbtiM 3)1-^?M, ^ oi^<l % fÔ<S >3^HI. 'Jt^^t,

‘=ii!rt‘<< ^ gt? ftJjTF ^ yRi'S, 11 WF H«r ^ ^ ’ft f%HPT HW ftftrPH femftf hît ff^f-?Tftnift ^ ^^^17-3# ^ ^ ^ ^niRrsTT# ft^Rf nff ^rar i

H3; 1942 ft tf>ntH % 31?^ aiKltrlH ft fiFHH F 1 ^3tR 5^, ftTFIT, ftHM, Hfio^ rRTTRftram^ ft %7Tlftf ft HHPTRR IRcFHT «jft ^STFRT 5l5t I «l‘fi?rl ft ft I^ROftf Hgrtl'JI’t HWHT ftl^

arftjf §TR75) 3rRn 5^: sort «iRft ft ^rtf^ ift 1 îlft sTF^terftf ^ hRh'm ft^^ ftrar

■Rwiftrai 3ii-<0î

NOTES

^ ^ HT (Post Independence Era) — 3TR ^ «Ht ?fftr ^ftftFR tfRft ^

ti<stiK -srft^ iRRftt ft> ftt ^ ^'Tif ^ t ’jift^*nft ^ftr

ftFFRT îpfeft! ft ft ft=HF ftt ft I iftft ^RTrauRT RbtliftlcFiil« tprft Hftt Hlft ft Wfft ■ftfft ft etft =)(iiqi ftf ft I ^

^TrT WsfiR STTT y-wRia •Blft^ •jwifti't yidêftf ft ft I wo'âi-yiikT

fftRTpftft 3RRft^^zn7t

ftdft |q 1

% ??Tft ’TS^lTrT ftt HTRfftT

ft I Old'll>4 % ft?T % ’ipft ft ^^=0

3iRgi4 ’HKflqcflq Icbtni R4Tr ft ^ fti ftcjw ft ^RTlftf ^ ^ HHRTT’Sft ^ ^5Rft % t3|$ZT ft ;3Tft^F -STPftkFT ^raPT I jN'ichl< ft f^Hiftl ft ft^T ft -SRFT cqfJkt ft)

ft Htr I ^ ^ fttft ft Iftwch^ ^ % fqosS iftjft ft? Rî h&kI'JII tft ftHT % HT^T

57?ft ftftFTRFTM’ ■STHM' ci|i^ Hlft 'niT I HTcTRIR ft ftt Iftitni ftilft Sifckisfinnl ft MT rTÎT ^ 3it ftRTR ft^ft |TT [ ftfjftf ft ^Rfft îfyth IftfR'FF ftERf ftftHFfT, fftjH cWT ft |t? I infkT ft> 3|c|«4 CR TT^ ft) ftpHTHI ^fft ft -iitavi ^TRrraftftT H’TT ft til&Ri'?) ftftftfftjqi I =fft =6ft«( 2,000 ft eftft ft <3T?ft ^RT ftf, HZft ^fft '3ivft '37^7^)77 ft ft ft), 7^cFT Tr?TR7H ^777^77 ftk cJTftet 15,000 ^ ftkf ft OTftT ^577 37^7277 # I ^ TTH TT^T^ft ft ^RTTH ftftT ^TT’ftt 77H^ TTtJ) •STHft 3ft fft^TTH % 'Ji«<mkt ft 3^77 77% I ftftpH?773H -SlPflH hR“IH 27? gOTf% ?7r STT^ftklH

3ft 7T’’jft 777777 % 77R 37 TTH^R 3^ tftTift % îR'T ?7Tft iTTH ftft 37ft Pl^Tî ’jftT .yfftrft 377ft %t ftt77 %

37? t377R fedT W 1

^ft'lMI OT’fttTT? % H7H ft v7PT7 tiTlft 37777 3F 3T7iftf7R ^337 773737 fftft 3373 7737 ?773) TTtftf ft 337 77?T 371 ?77 ^TpfttTF 377 ^ 71^ 3777 3F 37 % Tift) f%7773t 3 |)fft-3fft3ft % 3737 3ft '{ufd3l 373> f%37 377( I 7nftl737ff, 3*TlVltl, 3373) 'Sfk ?rl%f 7773)77) ft ^5777 ft 5««t)l 5^)73W ftl)37 33% fqo?S ft) 3377J 1 737ft)3 7ll*^«ilRftl ft ft) ?7T ■3TT=31?R ft dl%3 ^ ft 373 fft37 I

371 1947 ft ftft3737 '377=3)773 % 3777 3)03

3330

%) 3737 % 773^3 ft 37

1948 % 3T7773T7T ftc73737 37T=3t7t3’ shlPd'Oift 7777 37 3^3 ii^r373 ?377 fttft) 3ft ^R'.'dl ft37 ft) 1 fidlftf ft ’J;-WlRl41 3ft 37 ri) 377 fft37 37 ’jfft ft Tgfts tft37 337 3fttft 7fl33)7 3ft3f ft 37? ft) 1 'J-gift 73R-73R 37 ^)33ft %) 7773777) 3ft’ 731337 3ft #7 33 7733)7 7(3) 773^377 77333 33737 I 37ft3 t? 77771 3ft ’’ft^ ^nft)? 37 7?ft 37ft 40 7T773 ft)ft) 37 f)33) 77^ 737337 3ft '3ft 1

^)33ft 3)7 3F 477=3)773 ft)? 333ft 777337 1950 773) 3ft) I ift? 1%7773 33 ^fft-^fftcjft 33 3F OT=3)773 377fft 3#7733ft 373^3 37 37=^ 3? ft?! % j%ft3 wft ft 773777 3ft) ft) 3331

7377=3777-37)^ % 3?373 )%7TR 7737 5777 37777^ ’377 ^ 3371 377=3)^ ^ 33371—35771^ ft ft3?fi

% ft%377) 3 777^337) % fftTTS 37ft) fOs)? 3373 ft,fft37ft %) 3^ gf 377 % Ifto* >377=3^3 §'377,//30 Fidf-Inslniciioml Malerir'

' t

{

i<Owi^ ^ =ft% «rMt -aftr cir^ % ^f<i^ |3tt,ÎM 5jPt =I?r srfyttin*! ^F^Fsft’ Chi-^ ^ >3Rja ^ ^ W’J^ «*«i'y ^ ^ ^5>lHdl' StT i^r?jfft^ ^ '4t '311'^lvl-l |R I aPicMi§, fl?TT, ^&Kl*^' ^ Ichtiii

% fin?'SPi'R «r^ % fin? î-tTitjn %i?, %T?r £f ^sjr % fin? -sr^ -stri

?nTr ^ ^ SthK 'T^ TT W?IT% % fin? î'«lei-i ^r?iiqi Iti^Mqi'fl ^ -sifT tfHMqiil

NOTES

ÎIKjqiJl ^ % ^rfllft^RT 'SFrlT

% tin? ■3T^ OiKldH ^^Tein? ni? I 1958 WI tiqi^nqiil ^ 51^ if 'STcKRT 4'ifsn ^ if TT^rT «fiRf

W7)]if WT gff ^g5T wttuf ) w?! % fin? ^ fen f^ fernff % feni % fin?^nr nff finn sm? i fer? if ^jfir ^ ^rfen^ ?fmT % 3ffe fern^nR % Hn? tr^sir if qgn5rf^T5i nr^ cr fin? 3fT% % fefy if 3tf^rr §3Tt i nsii xfei i^ nff q«i^ 3ff? oiynnnff ^ arnm xnr ?rtr n>T% % fin? ?R^ §>? i tr^^rt 'JTF^ferfen Rn i fn% ■srrtxrt tinMniil n?r % jnrRT ttr % n?!^ if’jf^fe îfenf «nf wnR

% q--SKT

if 3fer fenff ^ % fern ^ ^ % 3Rr

% fin? TRrnjf Rifex fen rRRmff ^ff? RjTT ?RR«n^ ^ 2^RT nRvRTff ^ % ^T % flrf^ Rnf if ^RffT ■oTP^fer

■% % fin? xTcfi fe^ nfen ^nR n>f i ^Rt" orp^Rn % =tr ^ rrt ^nRi ^ ^ otk sfer if1975 ^ w^ g-sn I xjF RER ^Rnnf c^f «f|t ^ nftnnf ^f? ^3tr 5^5t % 3TnncT îfsn if ?r^ rft npHT ;r% t RRf^yn ?n i nnnnmtt ^ nrif ?r si«eT ^—{'^J ynr feR n?n ?R?r ^ n?

oRR, TREm? SRT Ejffe chlHfll cCT sl^ ■SlflnB '3RR 51)?% «IRf n nRT% nRf %chi4ni^, f?7^ «F)T, lr%f tRT fen? -snft' 'Srkr 4ffe ^ if nnn efri, ('^ e^ •sTf^'naq

?ftnT MkilRfl EFRT n?n Rffen ^mRi if ’jRr % 3%- nn^fer e:^ ’jtt EfnRT

Êf%gnT

EJvn

^ RET ^ fen< E^rfE?) -SRPIEKrtr TT np Ejff Rnfe 1 ?RREn%t ^ eht e^RT I fiK yi*qqi4l ^ cTETT

SRT ?RREn%f ^ ^JTT ^ran? nx? RnxjTEn^f oTiRfer ti<q)i< E^f ?ftf% % fqî-s %)ER nfernf) yn^Ri nR f 3R% «*fMqi41 ^ SR q<rfn? nx? “%?T 5RT” ‘3<i"5l«'t TTEn '37R ffERf % feTP% % RET %

sm gR«T fen e^t nrnif 11

EfiRT

T XRT tinMqi^f mrr erf? nx? rir ?tre^ <+)i*ji1 EFf ^nnETsngft '3%? nflT ■%?nÊR% cF?RFEi% % I RREn^r ^rffer RREffn rt n? r<t Rln% Ennfr est Efe ?tster ■snRfeR

Rife nff ER RSTI jRnr nEnn nfET Et% t?EfKn Rm? ?fe eft ^ t^t, En% fF% tfiqi-n ferint nsn f^%-?Tf%EFf t^t ?RRi% ETsn^ ^ cpnt n Enff i ef?% eft mfe et^ ^ % ^Rife) 'nfcff xr? % gfe)? ertr

EF?T% tflqiTi Rbtil'll ET ^^-^rfirEFr EFT R% îqiql Ef EFRf % g=R ef?I% % fin? RREn^f ^ EFT? $ife§TT^ fnR) -snRfeT nfr eir ?ieft i

?f%xr if FT EFf RH% I % felR RTT % olKldHl' E^ Wt \3fr7 R^ff E^ EI^ EFT TTETR ffel I ferR TRT % RT ERT EFT TREFlff xf? ^ff? 5TcTT flf) TRfH if îf% EFTElf %T f|n? 3TfllEFTfeF <3^1fen Rx? I nfepff ERR Eiff ferR trt rt grî nrfeT x?EFtn erij? sn nf%T Epf ?fn^ i fef ei?

: JEFFTT if vsRia ^fel f%) ^4% RfeRf %> nfir RPnEffe ^ eft ^feFfnr ?TTREn%f cRT SRT RplTEn^f ERit 3Tf&EF nflrsffcT EFI jiR -snErgEjEFTiT ?n ej% % f%T gfn tqq Rfe xnlf sf% ffenEff, fe^ n? gffrEiffenTR #? f)t%-?Tf%E#% RE? EfiTRT RTTg XiR? '3ffT tR% -sfe REf %) fel.^ I TT FE^ Tlif fen % Eftfer R'Tfen ^f? tiRf gft grfe ^ ?feft i ■

TTTREn^t ^

Setf-Instruc'Jona! Material 31

wj ’It Ht^-stt aftr ^ # gyrr^ % 5^ yw’IT^ ^ I ftiT ^ft ^ y^l«t ^ 3'ich) R«jf?l ^ ef?I^ 'J?^<g”ll‘J ’Tftci^ îff gq ^jîrf ^lyefifjjT % qw

(M4tRl=b Sri^ % ^Tro-HT«T 3TT^fe 9T^ ’ll %, ^3^ % ’J-?<Tr>ft ’ft ^ ^ ^ WT^ 1 fîci ^ I^til'll ^ftr ^ll*l«hf ^ ?§TT ^ ^SIR% ^ % ^Ftf '*Jpl'^)l f^’lT ^1% ^ I

Piiâ FIT!l ^ ^ it^ f I cidHM ^ 3iiq?qcbai W ^-1"jllkl % FIT?ff

^ ^3)^7 ^J3cRT st^ fchti 1^, tTl'il'tl feffpff ?raT, % %q ^ ^feetiVl -Simi^ gC[ îPT ep^ I

fif^-^ri’T^ tidt<Ji ^ îd'iFid #r % I

dtqiit 3Rr tj4lq qiRfen % -Ji'd'Ia fitif^t % H'JUjtl 3T8I^ 'titiw ^ >Ji4lql<

% ^rfyqi^q TffTT fîiilRd qr ’jTh^'iI ^tRî qiT% ti*q'-'Jt Plii^ qdi«h< tûi'id'H'^

^RR’ ^ f^dldl % 5d^ ■STRft 'jqitdi 5)1 hR<4 ^ % fcIR^ ^3^% STSjf ^ cp’ft tTPJ^

^jMT 1 5)?^ f %, “3Tlft tiJi-ilRR), qii-jdl ^R H?iitiqlq yîidl ’Ttl5 tft'ff % 3IN5> 'ndti^ciq

% f=R^ SRFR 33^ Riai^ Mr I ^ 5)t ^ WJ, ft M 5R hM I"

3.5 '3n-<l«jH (Main Peasant Movement of India)^ Mr ’TRcT % Rifq-d 5tM ^ ^ 53^ ^qq) ■snMMt 55 ^sMsT M 1

WRiftra; aii-qltTi

wFa

NOTES

MffMiT

fêii ^ gho#*?? 3TP^hpr

fMrr R MfMt dHif^ % Rrq tMrpft % 1935 ^ sttcTR Mt sJt 1 fMir ^ ?5 ^TFfRRt MRnft d&'JlM-q tlttddl % M 2ft I {M-M MMt % ^RPT fMM % 5T5^ 5? ^TTRMt ^TWT

12 Mf cT5> iJpfT 2TT sftr 'J'l Whcl'ai r75 JTM ft jR 1947 # fMiT B755IT % Mfejlt \3'^«'l RlMl'1d'*TT ^?r «R fM I 2ft SmiRR’T d5N, q-isidt TOR iKiq'Jl Ri'î, TRTT 5TOn?fT dKN'î fM 557 tdinl dS'JlM'q M MT’BTf % TO 3TpMr M ’M 55R M 1

' q*qi<'J| % Icpdi'il % 1917 ft?r tft 5T5TO^ft % feîTO 'STpMfT ^M5r I TO ^3TR

TO 55TO ^ Mr M TOTO lift % qiifJl TO Mf % fMft ’ft 3f§T f [^til'll M -an-fl ’ftlSPT-^^FSft

'3TT535«TOT 'jft Mt ftft 2ft -Jidqq 55 fiTOH.ft Mlf ’R lift 5R% HRT ’R 55 3RT3f M-i5T-9^lM MR ft fro 217, 5Tf-5lf M ftroiR 75% TOT T 5TT% 57 fMnft % '3715%?!

I ^ -STM 5)1TO 5 5t% 57 ’JJlffft 3I7r iM % (5)71% % 5i’ft 55 TOR 75r’7rf%57 277 -sM 5>TO5TO 'STTMto TO ^ ftf % I TO 3TP^Mh %

^55% 55 TRTR ^17775% 5277 5Rft %% Mff 5) 575 % 277, ■375^5 55 -SItMto 'J%5: 75TO §35 25 3fR 3f%5r 777557 % 5RR7R 5777 (%q % I

iJWr ^ WR?wrI

TO7 5%S7 % 52RT ’^75’jyf ^7557 35Mto 1920 % 377577 525 31521 %7 Ritil'll % ftiqi *51',

TO 35Rt775 % t^WI'flq ^55% tlffd 3TTO 57f tllHlRiqi q)l4q)df3Tf 215 ’ft 7T55t5 25 I 551757 55% % 3I7T55t5 5% TO 3Tr=^TO 5% 5^ Mr 55T^, ^755% % 577, %577, 53J7757 7725 MlMf % fis«i'+j

§if5 %ft 2ft 1 551% %5 57t §771577 55777 ^755% % 375% 3555% tl'lRd f%>25 25 3fR TOfff %7 57255 %

375% fcRt5 5% 3Tf%2f7 TOR t%757 25 | 35Rt775 ■>% 3T7f%r5) TO % 7I5>R 757 277 I TO 37R5tTO 55 gM

55 777555? 25 I

1

57% 7755 %7 371775777 W[ 1921-22 % TO7 7I%?7 55 5f%^ ^557 SIpMfT §35 I ^57 7R57

5t79§7 %7 575 %tft-%t7T % f5ft§7 777557 % f4t)-5 <57-1

32 Self-lnsl’tictional Malerio!

I^<4i HIT, HI^ <^1^1 (I ^ftr ^TTr^tcTT ^J^TFI HFT Î'Ol'Tl'l HIT I HI? 3ii'^ltn’t '■fl ^TTTTftHj 5hi'ffl«»ii0 g<nic*l«h M ^ ^Tciy % ^qcU iJH-cltjn g?r ^TjRRT TTSIT % f^ftSI ^ W HIT I

g-STT HIT I % fcRTS HRT^ Hif -3TF?I?R HFiMPtTT if TflsT HtTT # ^ftn-TltW

/ ,/

NOTESHI? ■3ii"iltH^ W HIT v3fR ^3T%F Tfpfl'^T TTHTT rlHIT ijTTWfr % fllcKR |q & I if 1970 if ’jPt

^^RT-STt aTF^t?R ^ 5FT gSTT I '3IP^t^ if IRTR ?rHIT -ST^S'Î ^ jIT% HH^ % ^ft^ff% tlf^lâ ittHT TTHfif c(5t vA^ll 5tT shirt îHR HR I 'SRyRHf^jRRR ^ ?TT 5)1 STTT^TTf HRTfr ^ g-STT, f«lR^ îqifyeh cRR TIF^TTR ^ PiqiRiqT 5)1 I fTI 3Tl^1eH 5)1 ’ft eRftf %5TFT % ^ftft % 515 if 1511 55 '3TR5t?RT% 55ft ft ^^ftRSI ^3115)555ft MiHlQ ^ I 5RT 5^51-31!ft ’J^sIrRft ft -STT^^tlRSRfftft 55 ■3TT55T-5RRR g-STT | 55 3TFHft^ 5)1 5^ 'TT5 HR ^R'Ji’i ’^-51^

5ft '3^ 5T5 55T f^5T 555)^ ft 3TT^ \

■STR^t^S ST5-Sftr§T5 '3T5S)?! 15T I

<;Ri"i ^Jiw ft g?oi<» 3{p^hR

stir's 5R5 ft ftt ^ 55^'jft f)55) 3TT^f55 ^ I I 1836ft 1896 % ftt5 %15 % 5T55TT ft5 ft 5tSSn5 5T=ft55 ft 5fel §3TT HR | 55 St55 5555 5515 5I5I5rftl5) ^-^5515 grj sft 5t555T5 J^TcFTlftf 5HR ^-Sfftftf 5ft 55M 5551 HR | ftft5T51 1930-51 %5H5l555TS% ftl 55% 551557? % sft ^51 TRlft ^ 5^ ftft5T5I ^5551 3TFSt55ullH d<Ji

% 5T5 ft 5T5T 555111

fslfttS fftSSgg: % ^tTR 5161 555Tf ft ^ ftt 3Rift75T7f, ’jqlftsf RHR 7T755ft '3555% ft HlftW f)5%r55 55J7 §ff55 t%5T I ft5T7i?5sftft oiRjch %jft ft %ftf I TirnffTSift SHIT % oiTi'fci ftssr snfftftt %f iftcft 5)7ft % ^5^5ifti5 % snftr nfr, 55 55 ft v35ft 55 sifter %i sniff nft % si5 ftr 55% 75ft 5?R TSlft "ftft 55 5ft <9td5< 5fftfT7 sftST I 515 % 55R, Hlt^t, Slf, 5ff 5HR

sntft % 5t5 ?ftt 5575 ft^T^lit 5HR ft?T5Fff % ftST îftf ft ft5T7 5)7ft 57 5vT^ gtr ] gf^siftf ST^TR jftffftf 5ft ftt ftsifr ft 55ft % 5515 Sifid ft 55 I 55 5575 5575? ft SlftPR f>55) 5HM 5ft

57557 fft5t5 % fcltug ftqft g^ft 57 6575 t%5T |

7I7ST7 5^5 % 7IF5t5 ft %5 tftS’^ 1948 ft fft555 55 SIRRTRrM 7555 §35 55 555)7 5f OTRStTFT hJIHI 5fT I fttSRR % 7T55'5 % SlsftfftS) 5TRRT 5ft ÎTftl5 ^>555 55 57'J7555tR fft^ | cR^fft^ TTRHfsft

ft SlKltHH 5ft 55)? ftftt 5ff HRTftt 5Tft 315: % 757 57 §5: f5 3TRSt?T5 5ft ftf5 517ft 3ft7Sf% ft 5?ft giT sciichf ft ftf 55 |

5)5 Slftt 57 f%7t7t 5ft 75T557 TRSf^TRT RRI5R ttrr 5)ft5T5ftf

5HTT

^p/</«sf ft' §!»«¥<*) W'tjJwr

5?I71^ ftt 5T77ft5 f>5^ 3TR5t55 55 5?75'jft 55 7?T ft I 1875-76 55 3TR5t7R ?55ft 5?7ft 5)ftt HR I fTT OT’^tTR ft ^)55) 5HR % 35575 \j5lft Hft |

,5R5

5FT7T^ ft §7I7T ^55) 35^ftl7FT 1919-21 ft 35^5t7R 55 TrafftlS) 3I7T5)7t 35^

7I5T7t ft §35 I 71? 357^t55 5T7ftt7r |)55) TRSltftRf) TFT 5T5T 5T5T ft I 55^, ftsiftsift 5HR f%7T5 5ft ^ftt 5)7ft 7Rft

5ft5 f%7rTftt ft §5 STFStTR % 5555 ft 715'ft S^Rlftfs 5T?Fff %t 35^5) ftfft 55 fftftHI f%5T I ftSHRSnlftTR

Self-lnslnictional Material 33

I

^ gi54“il rTOT^ cFTcfr 8ff tRFf % ^ (*<?i'Ji't, '^T’^^T-^ ?rsiT5]^ % siflr SIR ^ î?tw rrar ^ ^f ̂iumif^ch an-^lwi

NOTES': yT«Ff -liHcb ^TTT îÎT

W 1 % licb-^d rl?F>I^ H&Kl'J|| rfST 'STSJ TJcfr 'Jti'il<?iCl’ % -Snf^ ST^W cf^/fcRRl f^^JT I

3TF^1^ ^ CT'IM, %W,

WT rTSTT >311^ 3TRfcF ^ fcRf^ ?JT 1 ÎTWT cT«IT ^ ^dKIH ?Rr % if ^ 3TP^^ sM ^ 3TFf ^ 1

RbtiM ^nn ?WT f^RiT yTjiR'jfl ^ ‘ii«4‘i % afk ^ «le^'< crarsr ^jirff Tfr rT?iT aftr ^STTcIT 3ri^T^R ^ g3TT I WSTRT 3lf^WR % $fTFT fsTinT ft? ^TFTcR «(l'is1^ 3fk fûfff^rar 'Jll'^lci'l ^ ^9FRf I vi'j|til if 3iicR ;3H^ ^qctil ^ f^TW I

3t^ clcIrlT % TTTST ^ ^ 31^31 ^?IT 'iiqch ^ IJT, -STcT: 'Ji’inuti ^ 3ft¥ ft 3iichl^fl

cFT% HHiJlf W % ^ f^FH 1 '^rMt, fdtjicb, ff^,. H&l^cf ^ ft iTPf-^f^ ’T^R <Et PtWT ■sftr 3il'<1tn Cl^ fffpTgf I tTcF 3RRI?r % ^ 1941 f 3Hlt^N, <N<ail, '^H'll VllCI6RR ?ISIT nPltfil pJTrT cRf ^ ^ ^ f ^ 3t1«hi ^ 3ltnfl ITT^R *hmcR ’jfffliilf fit ^ On-oltii FT W I

^Tf 3iI'^1jh 191S-14 if ni'fl|[fl<4i f J'Sn 1

%5ttli ip ^

ôj</fT ^ 3TF^t^

cRTltir 3ii'<;l^'i ti'+)<i '3TF5tcRf ^ ^fft if 3TraTf t 1918 if W ^TP^tFR ^ fw ^ft ^t I ^ ^ wr m ^ "TF^ T^RctJ^ ^ cpiTR m if HF'ITf «ft JF ^ «ft,-sftr -sicfiR f irftw fe^nff cfr cRJiT trt? fr stt 131^ ^twt ^ ft ^htr-ci^ if ^ ^nft ^Tci IT ft cprf if cftf «fift cR Tft ft I irfra liptiii TTOT F< H-jI'^'! ^ 3iiRf«P «r§TT ^TTft ftTTfPT ft I 3T^)TFr % 'htl<7t WT^K ^ ft ft I Ttff fi 3T^TT^ f 3|'ii‘fl TTTT^ ^ 3TTSTT ft S^Pfcl TpT ft ft I viH'fll'i) -41^ îft Tiff ’R tRR IT ftf tft f^ff f ft i4‘iM ^îMI 'Jiwd ?IT I 'RT^ Tpt I^TcHT ^ f eft fFT eft, ZfF ftn §«RT ft Ijf I TSflRIT erg# eR ftl ?RT■OFTT eifyÎ % dlnrlfd TTWT f' JFfferTT eft fw #, TTWT irff fft I TT^TR % TTft ^ f TTf#f#T

f ffiTTlft eFT 3TTif#iT dfT I

7ftft3ftT

y #ft f 3TeHMft ipTTiTR

3RFfW eft ftff 31'1'n'^" Ijf i îmeflq eFlt^# eft îft ft gefR # 'flMehid ^ TJ^RT If % ITTF ITT iJIHelli^fl' f ^Tf«TcTT eR RJ 3TWTITI fiTTTTff TT?TT TTFR ^RTeft f TTiTR #, 5I??fiT tfilT TT2TT ff# ft 5I«PIT efr -xi|i(icf| ip ffTTeR #tf) irff 3iH'll'i I fiTTTRt eft jTTTR frff % TRfiT if TPTITrfTWf f 3TfeH

fiT flriT cRPI#iTtIH qNti<N ': '^qefl eft fpit # '4N'4

K'

‘imIeft f%l§T f|ij TT?TT TRWoTîR efr i^#r # WR if Till ^ TT*T?ftTTr eR feiqi I

R

<T/<s?p/?

WTTW 3ii-GteiH It 3TRfTT 1920 % ft qi<sl(fl % fl)ill'll f eR-îff 3TTWtTR # 41'4-11 RTlf ft I WTTFf# ft el? WR «IT3T^ 3TFIT2RTT epfTfTT % RepR WT? ehiftiinRl # iRpif TTR R % 3TWTT<RRTTT gificT TFT HTTTW wf# fell SIT I

TR^TT srlpr I) TTFftF f" 12 3TReT, 1929 eft qKslfll W ^R«P 3TFf#iT 3T'Tft''jf tiMiflai % TTRI

TRTRFfiRTl


ShlTrie*<l<1 SllVlniW'lM ^ '3fF?fWW

^ ^ ?ST^ xf IrlxrnTT4'IM % Sii'tsltuT ^ frr^FTO cI?TT 'lcrtHI'41 '3ll'«l(jH 'ifr ?ft I f«d*«l< 1946 1947 q'lltn % '3Tf&cf)fST fedldi ^^-<3dk

NOTEStjI'IM ^ f^Rr?J I R«jl7t4l' ff fidul cTOT xTRT «(<IM % cjit f^<l'^ % ^

^ W7T 511 50 yfdîd ?i'iM % ^ ?1T I ^ w>Kdi< RhdH %

chR-HI^ % ^ 30 ^ 32 yfrigid 'f>?R sft I I^di-il ?7T ^ Rgciiyi I OTI^ ^koI'M

i^dld % H^TTTrr ^ q'lld Rlidi’l tFT d'lOd oTR ci|Hch RR PT R15I& ^ ^ I 1947 E^t 'iMmI' 'i ■qf '3TRcfRFr RRFRf ^ W I ’^cfpfT ^ Ejft % ^ -STF^Rr elir %T 2JT, ^ I^didf EFT ERF 1% -STR v3^ ^ Oii'rjiw'i E^ ddl^ E^t ^ cf^ TRT^ fîETT ?R Ef^ ch<4l Rlf^R EFjf% ^RT ^ ^ RRRR

|Cr ^ cfr El^ d<chK EJ^ STRR xRfT% ^ d^Rld -SRRR fÊlT Eirpn Rlf^R I E3ElEI?r ^ 37?! EJ^ EEIR 'f R3^ TR^ W% vFT-^JnE^RH E^ RETTR EfR felT ETEJl" I Elf OTE^^REf yij<gfl: -SRRR TFT «wTR6 REZJR

cpf 5fR «TftER EFf ^ ,3TSlf tf wfET Elff f^RTT I

3.6 <hiH<iKT ^ (Labour Movement)RRR ^ EJiRigRff ^ vJcMKH 1860 % SJRPRF RFT ^ gW 1 -SllsPl^^lcb 91RR ÎHI< ERT E^

RFTTER rlflEHT SR, f^RT% 5t^dK ERc^ ERR EfR >jcHKd RRR xf f^RT-RtlRT ER dIHM EfR f^RFT ‘j^dis^s

RIRT EJT 1 ?Er ct)|«gn1' ^ ^RRRf RT% 91f^ ERRIEJRRT

^ RJlftR RER 1 RR ^ chKOidl' E^ RjfR- EI^ RRT% EfR RRR 1839 % 3RHRRT g-SR" I

'\

ER^ afR EFRET ^SR^ % ERt^ Ejff RRTR 11

FraT% RET

% RIR ER RIR; ErERRT sff 1 ^ RÊJlfr ÔTf % aTKRR £f iR^ R?r STlfERl fÊR |

5^ ^ ^?T ^ vjyl'il EfR iciWK gan, elf^d ?R^ RtEfr Ef>f R^SREfT ^fT «I^ | R^ 7§T^ R^f EJRft ^ Rf 3fR

R^tR^ R^ Mt t ET^ I Ef^ R^ (3^ ^ Ef^'TfT S^RTRf E)?f ERR RfT R# I I^RER-aRf^RT 1917

^ ERftR 30 RTRlf^TER &Sdlvi §5 I RiEREfRRr % RRREf EfRRERff % cfRR flRR | HSId ^ Eff^RRT aitT EfRlfeR (fspEft R?f) E^|- j^TR % ERIRRlff ^ ^?R RRR ^ jÊR I aTFRTRIR El5t ERRfT ftR % RRRERff ^ 50 Rf^?TR

^ Efr RTR EFT ^ EfRR RR RR ftRT ER I

REfyRR ^ E^ ^RIRER -31^ ]918 ^ Efr, ER1%ER Rfc % IRR dldll^«tl RR^cRRf aftT f^raRfffeEFR dldid^l % RRRT ^ % R?!' I vRfT RR % ^RH RFRRT EffsJt % iwil^d e[ER C'dlid'^^H {t[ RR. R.)>El5t’,t«iiyd[ Ef5t I REj 1920 xf REjf ^ aRR ?f|ER ^ t^Pidi cDi'iid (R.anf.fA^., rfer) R^ FHRer ^ \

EREF aTTERTT Rill'd ftTEJREJRraff RTRT d'lOd RT I RREfRlft RIR fRE^T 5©T RidK^Ki ER# RTJ^

d arânf trt. q. sm af^r tR. iRr. rr % e^ i err ^ anjaiR qq. aftsft afR Eft, M %

Efft RSR TTÊflftlft ■ft RRR

qq RERT vadchi EFIEIRT^ RTlfft^

dMHd RR aftr aiRTfRRR ftfR ^ Rftl §TTfftR ft I

aREftftftÎRl RRFR E^ ERf^ % cEfRfR ft îfftcF RRcft EFT I d'd^d

E^ ^5? RilN^ ftEFT aiddlxt Rft tftlftd EfRft EFT y<Jld fitiEfT | RR 1922 ft TRRiR ft ftfsiT chlRam arfftlftEjq Rlftq fftpTT fvRfft EFTEf aiRfft % Efftt" Rft RRIRR 10 ftft EFT EFT fftER | TTJ 1926 ft XR^ RR ■JlRjPt'MH Rtf^ |aq IvRlft TTETT ft) ftfttEFRR EFT RTETRR fftiETT, aRT ^ tftEfq RRTq I Tiq 1920 ft) RER REF EffttR 200RR qsEF ft dft'js. ^ Rq aftr ?RE^f rrtetrt rrvr 2,50,000 ref q|R q^ 1

Self-lnslnictiomt Material 35

"R Pi45(«i cBT m 1 ^ 1947 cbli)^ ^ ^qi qiiilti <i'Ji4lIrl«h ^Fif ^ f«Wr3Rf ^

<iwi ^?IT I ^ ^ qjH'iK «Ff % ■SikIcI'I % <M*ilfaq) cl5t cTTF 1960 % ^31^

% 3f?T # ^ FFT % flgf CRT '>13^ fejT I

TftTcF 3ii"5l«iW*T

NOTES

^ ?r«IT ^ 5Fff ft 1'3?TR^

fnff ■3TtT 3i«alq SITI 1974 ^ ^ ch4qiKqT ^ ^ &sdiy ^ I TR ?T?n ^ yRi^y

^ ^ W I 1975-77 rf ■3iiHiacM?i 3 I ^ 5^:dlc^chiRlch «IT I ^J^T5#cT)TW % qrf*lR ^ ■3TT’7% cT55T 4R dHtqiaff # hR^Î ct?t 3^1^

11 ^ 4t t^cB ^ # ^dllaql 11

3.7 ^FRRft^ •arf^l'TlH (Tribal Movement)

tST ^^Rifl'd 'Ji'i^Jiiolq % 3?^ dHM ^%, ’llTJcl^ff

f I 'Ji'i'Jii4lq -JiiVl'jidi if % ^ ^tRJcRT5t ^ % ^T?2T RTR ^ TTqichRja ‘'Ji'i'Jii4lq %cS’ ^ RsR ^ ^—

Rsttt -sitTFr ^ ^ i ^ ‘^rf^ 33 îko's ^ 3^ ’tft 5^

\5?T?7'T ^ Sil«3^

c{5t ?r?rf Tif^ 'Jid'Jiidiq 5>r sRieitt ^ ci^ % 1 3?^ ^ ^FRicfR îfcifeFff ^M^T^rTTaff % ^ ^ lit ^ craf 5^^ '^dchl 4t iq^qt; ^ t cmlRb 3^ ^ *f

vJt'I'Jllolq aikl^R ^ [c|fH”1 tq«H RltlHM ^ d«hrl f I

tsltiHMi3< 3 d'qiw Tvm ^ cHT ^ I gHlR ^ fqt^rt Rlq<'^l I" (

SfRWs

^ 2000 'f f^BTT % ^Hcf cRT qiNi W siKig'^ 3TR % 33-Rlf4d TFj3f ^ ^ 3^ % I ?H TT^T

c^ FTIW % '^f^ 33 ifrIFR 331 ^ 3ri^J3i 33 uRlffy 11 a I<(35 % ^13 didiRiqi an'oltn’i % 35R?3lf

^3T fq<«i 3^ 'TR' ^ 33) aiiRqi41 31 Riti4 ar^^ff % Icioi^ 3313^ Risl? ^ ^^13 ^331 apnft 3^ ^ 3T3 Rutii W an'cl^di 33 331313^ y?i|cb 33 33T I 31T% 3R cheiRiqT aflT ai«3S 313 33%

SRT ^ 41Ria I 3R33 RtFR % 333 317 tI ^73^ f%?T3% 57T %3 %Rrqqjl' % 3% if 5Tty %733

^ I Rr3T % 33% c^t 73^%

73?R3T % 33R % icT33c3T3PJt % I 3T?T7 auRqiRiql' % aN% §Rl5T7f 331f 33T diT^fach cqq5i<l % 3% if RtST ^fr 33%) 3% % 73333% 33R

c^f I 53% anoliql 3% d'lficl TRTjffy 333T 33T 73^ 3F3T3 331% % 7TFI373 ft# I

3R3 ftftl I 3#f=

# #3 3% 3I7W f%3TcT3T 3T77T1# ft%5ff % # ^7133 3737gfe41qf %^73 33 1333 §33, f%T7T% ^3^ TRT f%)3T I 3^33 fq^K % aifl'fa anf%317ft, Rqâff 3% # 3317% cqinid Tray 351713 %, afk # 37T %3r % 533)7 371 317 % 33T t%F5ft 3# %) ft3lft3f 3% 71331 37 aift^R 357 f#3 31, ^ 53f%31# ^3% 357%

% I ?3 <aPl))1-73F3 %# if 733R 7131 %, 3# 7135% 3t3 3% 337135 # 733% 353R 331% 7131 7rp'jf|3) 3)1%31# 3% %7^ % f#! 'lldSfTltl f%)3T 1^171% 3ft3T373M 517171: TRl 33 ft^H §53 I % Ri-icb ft753 53715? % aif%7T333% %73ailf % 339f3

ftirr %—

• Riqi{ qRqlvii-iiaff 713T ##31% %3 % f#7 ’jft 33 aif%TlF3 I

• 75% |q 7T%3 7131 §33l7T 3% 33%31#, 33 357 %31, ailft 1

357 # 3^ # 3331351713


smTocbiO• >IFft, ?TOT ti5=w<l cFwif ^ ?ni5, |5i«cj)i yfrIchK JRIT I

• ^ orniG 3)1 Dl<i'*l vi'^T^ «(f^'»t>K I. .

^<77tT< NOTESt«ld=ldl 3Tprr % 3T? ’THTT d<«t)K % TT^ % Pldf^l e^t 3ft yl^qi 'tTR^ 3)f, ^

55^ y4ol<) ^ ^ -STSTff^ 3)r ^ 3it I ^STpft 3F3R 3?TT HKnRtn FTT3wRTT % yf^

^ viiRiqi ara^

fTT S!W^ fT? ^ ^ W^nrff^JUT ^ •Jii'Jtila %" ^ (i;/i<m dHfJTT '//{“/wfo'wv f^<nf»a §t sRf^fa ^ WRf ^7^ iR j/(gm< Î ffW ^ ^RT°T ^ 3f^PJT 733 ^ fkSW-^^Rf 337 3 flK^f^^h

^ ^ m jnm ^ ^ 7R m ■'■■-^ ^ ^-ifmM ^f^Rlf, 3F !qf^ »777fff3 77fÊ/73 %■ 573^ ^ # i’ooi .- ;;5)

^ 5®^ 5^ 3ft ^ % Rifl'd ^TFff % •fl'i'Jiirlld aiRldiT yft vJtlsai %, 3F ^ yprjnTfty Tftyt 33

33-’jj^ ^ Ri7«JNd I w ar^f Tf *HiRft^Rtd)l«j 'Jid-Jiidlq arfsfTFff % ^ f i îRbi 3337 3^3H3)t dlTÎd'î

3?r aT7W3T % y?3 =^t afR qifyd ^ 3373 ^ I

mi^ ^ 7733' ^ a/7# %■

^ RlR 5777 utiîRa ^ ^ ^1 (iRi^{lW<Rm

I3t

TO?T

î33) ail'llcidl 33 7J^ atRIR 37f TRr^ 3)t aT37IT7'3T 7^ 3F anldthl % 'Jii'4lw*lf %fftTT ^ I 7337f # eft ^)33) 33 3^ 773, f^t^fRT 3# 3R3 3T I fetRg ^tPtd, 'RTafte^ ^ JWprt

33 3F3 I 144131 7J3 3/3333913T7T3'3 % 7r3f33 33 'Jii-^lddl 33 ’ft ^^33) 7T53T3

^7^1

]??■. 'S77'. ai^tiK, "1^ aT33T ffTn 33 ^73 R<gith<, aF33T 333^^ (#7^97 ’33 Raic/X

777317 ^33# 33 33777 3)737 ^ eft ^)f^ an'^ltjii33 ^fet&t H-dy, ’J_-737ft3t aT337 7773^377

3^ ^ 11”

337 3^ ^ 333 deed "^4 ^533) ail'll eld 1920 #' 377377 7737 3733 ^3 % fiflldl ^ f4)dl

I deieHl

3ftff % aidedl'i ^ ^ an^3t7R 3)t 5757 #1% 331377, ^33)f % 377, ^t377, >jdldi, 3377737

#373eft % Rgeild) 2ft I7737

’TTTeT ff 3)7773131 ^ 7^73733 1860 % yiTf^ ’773 ^ ^ §377 I 7nf5733 33^ 7f3 3?f 737337 ait^T

1918 #4t. -ft.vJTft 3^' % ff7I3 3FIe37 37sfr % i«ttt&isd

# 3^ # aft77 ?ft37 t3 <^lddd d)ijld (Tt.aTl^.^.it.Tfr., 3^) ^ 737337 ^ I

I 773; 1920737337

f ^—7jfEI3I3J7 3 7737^ 37337 ^ 1^377 773777, aff7f3 3 5^ I ^ 'iRd gR aKOS 3^ 377 5733’773 ^ ^ I!

Self-Instructional Materia! 37

tiiwiHnch

'j)4'^> 'Jii'^'lci'i iFT =FTT -ST^ ^? =ftK''i I<.

’TRfT % yprff ■'f 3TP^t^ tfiT >J?^<g chlfilii I

’TTTrT ^ ^\<&i\ ^ I

^3^ % 'Jl'i'Jlirflq 'STKf^ % cFR'T «Rnf^ I

1.

NOTES 2.. /

3. , /- /

/ t

4.

<!<^'l'{) 2001, Wf<fRW, 7/?(Vc9, /

orf^, A t. 2004, wtw?^ w ???wtilffi</}w'jf), ^ /t?# /

Rajendra Singh, Social movements old and New: A post modernist Critique, Saga Publications, New Delhi.


*7ITrfhT Blfitî'iifHe*)

NOTES

ITT^RT

4.1 (Objectives)4.2 yWMHl (Introduction)4.3 *l%tlT aiRl^n (Women's Movements)

— aT%^ ^Kal<4 •li&tni hRm'j, (All India Women's Council)— (Women’s Study and Movements)— aTF’T 5^ OTUlfer (Movements Based on Important Issues)

in National—Movement)

4.4 finJfT erf qd ■yk'idH (Backward Causes and Trampled Movement) — IFTR aii'slnn

?fF qrrrPT UH nRHidW

— vnRefl 3TRft^— 3TTFmTR— 'JtTT 'TRW % Rltsif 'jnfrPff % aiisltn'i— î4l<i tiff RhIi; ^ftr Rtasi'i wzrr

4.5 %RT ^ (Origin of Trampled Consciousness)4.6 aiislcn (Environmental Movement)

— qRW q rnTfeTfR '5ll«lcl'1 : 5^— Rilehl -Jliclin'l

— MillcRUI el?r TW

• wrsT• ‘^rqi'eb'1 STSq

• tRT

4.1 (Objectives)^ artJTRr % fcRir^ ^ #t-

• RiRi-d yiri'SMKdeh titdilêf) Oii'ildd ^ qif ^ I

• «lddf % eejnch vniichid |

• -Sifiilfl'i qff ^ ^ I

4.2 (Introduction)yfci^MKHci) <iiHiPie6 3{Rt?FT 5)1 5)f eejRkidd 'EfTRT rT5T 'lRiRlRl4l ^

HRddd ?fRT ^tcTT % I îs<'J| % f%q, % FffFRfT dyi^N % % ’IKN'Î ff 315^) WTlf^

eFf 55^ I

5)1 dda^ ^ IchK'^l


^ ’SRIHt ^TTT I ^ ^FT«*<M ^ 3T%F hRcicJ’I ?Tt^ FRT ‘^TPjj^ ^«lHllvi=h -STKt^ ^ ^flTT ^ 3iT^ 11 >31^; WTlf^ >3TF5t?R ^ hRîi'î cFT^ fT «FFr 3IT ticnai ^tR ^Hiiai ^ ^ TFJF, f^racRT ^ ^ *f sRqrf'i ?IT% <l«h^ % flr^ Rn-rnai«FR ^ TFT %’’ ^F«pf ’:jci -SRT ^ «i*<iMch dn-^lcn ^ hR'IIî W ^HFIT ^JiT t, Riîiwa< ^-SlRi^Riql, «jq&K t1l*1lRiq) ^ nRqrl-l ?n% ^ S'^C.i yq«1 ^ i^Ruq) flRjfa ^ I"

3^, tiiHiRiqi 3ii-«l«'i B^TM 'TRBcfB tiRiRi STTTIRH11 BMI^ f«F^

NOTES

HRqrf-i <lq)^ % ’ft feBT B<FBT ^ I 5>5J ^TF^^cRf BiT tiHiDiq)

qqci'ii Fftn %, viqfcF aRI ^l-«l<nT «FT B|?g Fft 'JpftiBT qRqlrffl 5iRT Fl^ 11BF^-sif cfft

^ 'iHi'^ltn (Women's Movements)'^ . .................................................................. , . .

^ BF BTB ftftn B«F BftiB BcfTB Fftft I ftF BTBTI^ 3TT?t?FT BiT ftlBB BBR?IT^ft TFT % I tii*iiRiq) OTTlBB % Rt^&iaqiRqT ft ftf FB^ \JwRi ft> ftftB ft BiFT I ft ftiBBBIBiRtB) StiqlTi'i)' ft; cFTBnf BiT fftsftB’B cF^ Tft \Bft 'JmRi ft) B«fB ft bRi Baft BBffft) ft fF^T BB ft fqehRld ^ 11

ftt. BftftB ftt BF 5^ t % BIBiRtB) ■BTRRr Bft BFTfft ft> cftfBtf-BTlfBB 3R^ fftRT ^BTBT % I ftft BTBTfftB) Suftfll ft) -STRlftB) BBB BB cFTBT BB) BBft ft Iqiwq ft, Bift?TT gfftB OT^BB -srftB) B^, BrftB) BBB? ft? BBFBt ft? FRT BBlft ?>Tlft?ft ft I FBB?? |Rraiff^rar Bftt BT fftBft) -STTBR BB BfftBT -STTBIBB BiT FBTBB Flft)" Rf?^ BBB % BTB BiftBT -STfftBB B?I t^B?RiRb-tI BBBB BBT I FBTft BiftBTT'Sff ft ^ 'STBM BBBBTftt B?t ftB?B ^TfftBIB aTTFB fft?ft I

ftftft '3TBBTBftBTBT^BBBT

Fftr OTBIB B7 BBft 'Blft ft I FBft ftftF Bftf ft fft? fftfftST 9TTBB BM ft 3TFf BlftB? qRqJd Bftt Blft ^BBB ft ftt ^rrft ^RcicB Bft ftB)B RtB ftui ^ fft^FIB gBTT BBft Bftt, OT^BB BB ftt FBTB ^BT ^ffT ftw ftf I FBfftrr tt,3TTT. ftBlft B?T fftBIB ft tft? “fti BR BT nlfttii giftB OTBlBB 1960 ft? BSTB? ft JTÎBBT, •

TBft B?T Tftr ftt I Bftf ft? fftr;qiRi'i BBTfftB?R BBR Ft I FBft tft?ftt BB?TB B?r BTRT 5^, ftft fsiftB ft 1970 ft BBTB ftBB BBB BIRb fft?BT BBT I Fftt BB?TT 1975 ft ftftlTF fftftB B?T JTBB I ftBT ufttB FTBT ft fft? ftft ftt BfftBT gfftB B?T '3TRIB?TB ftBBt Bft BTBT fftt 'STTBlBB Bft bRt ftt BFft Blftt I B?B ft B?B fftftsft ft FB BfftBT ^TfftBBf ft BRB ft aTR^TB ^FT ?tRb STTR I

BTFB ft Bfft^TT-BTf STTT 3TftB? BTfftBB BBfft Bft^ I ft^FT BF ftf BBBT ftt BBT ft % JBTlfBBB 'STTBRTB

ft? ftBT-aft BBTBT ftBBft ft BTft B’RBT^ft Bit ftB?T ftf 3TfftBB fftift, BBft BTBftB RbB? Bft -STKIBIB BBTft ftBBT fft# 1 M'&lft cBbRbB BB ft BfftBT BBBB BBTB?^ 3Tf^BB fft?ft I BTBTB ft, BF FBBT BFT RfBB ft

fft? F^T BT Blft BBFB ywq) Rl(il 3TT BB?# ft I 3TB: BFT BT ^T5 BfftBT BTfftBB ft BbRIB BlBBlT^BT ftt TBTTftf ftt

20ftt 9TBT^ ft? BBB B?T^ ft f^TTf ft BF HFtjd fft?BT fft? BB^ TJB? BTBTRiB? BBFB FfBT BTfftTT #

Brft BBB ft? BBITB ft? RtB B?Tft B?T Bft? I BF # 3T5BB fftlBT BBT fft? BBBB RbBT ft? FT7T ftf BBtRtB RFBT ^BTR, FBB7F 1910 1920 % B?B 3Tft^ Fftt BBFBf fft? T?TTBBlft ft fftrftfft ftBBf ft? BBIR % RtBB?Tft fft?ft I FBft 5M ^ “BfftBT BfftftT’, ‘fftBRT BBB', 'fftBRT §Rqd T;BtRTftBTB' (1971) I F^ BfiBT BBBBf ft? ftrft ^BTTBlftf 3TfBtBB Bft ftBBT BB1%B ^ RrBft BTR# Bft BF ft RlB?Bft ftBBT # I BTBBB? BBTBTI


^ 3)<lfri4'l % tl*liyi'l % ^ rTTR I FT fl'io-Ti «li)' Isb^wniHi ^

tl'io-fi cR TT^ft^r 1%^ I F^nfr ^ ’fr 'WITT l *Tf|^'3Tf ^ TR^tRTT^ (il’M'ii '3TTR’T^ ferr % vaicfti aifJafl 'TTRftzr gr ^ Ft^^ I ^ «^!V '*% "cl'ioi FRT lî^T ^STR? 1 FF ti wi ^ ^yCl % ‘'*?TTF

*if.-;*i'^sci’ «l5t t^JiH-ii ^ I

^TTTrltil MfnqniwcR

3n«rtCT*!

NOTES

otfItr 5ft giRT 'SffT fftsTT 5ft I ?rft^ *11^41 1^p^, ft «ftla’ wimi^ oftr hBijII Rftjfftf ’iNÎ^'i^hl ^TTftt M&ttH <i“^4 ’TTRRft ft sft I ft tii*ii[^ch tM'flIci'hftftft ’TT HFTP^r ft îlft ■eh<i4l ftt I ft ftftff ^ Rciftf ^ 0*1 chl 5^ 5^fi|cbl fti ^ ft Frnftt^ ^3Fft) stciidl, ^ ftfftr cfRftt fft? ft ft'ioq ft 5TTfft^ ^ ftpJTT3)Wft ft ?r?5^pft ^ |

^d'Jl Ffrpft ^ ft'ilfl ft) ftlftf cftr ft) ft >3?^ ^ ?nj)5ftT I -STf^lflTF, fftft^T 'Sftrgft?Tftftftf ^ tiH^yi-sff ft TRfT Hiftnift 3Nft 5TF^ ^ ftf I ^rfftftt ftÎF f44q ffti êf) HBdlft’T3F c})t 5M?ÎcIkTT ft fftRfft •ilftwift ’^3) ^Jlft ft ft^ JJfliehIrt ^ I -ST^ftT ^TTRTTftf gi ^Rlf ^ I Fft SIR ft wft 5^ ^3^ gSRT 'Ffft^ ^llftfft % Wimi 1913 ft "RFr ft ^ I 5RRT ft) 'TStTIF ftrr 51^ (1916),

(1917), TRJTFF (l918) 'SftTFl^FT ft ^ I F^ cRF

I'k! ft 5ft t«îRa elRF ^ ft^r STRT fft)^ I Rfftfft ft yTFT jfTÎft ft 5jp|chi ■SlfftftftT ^ cf^

Ffft^-Sft eft 'BFfftr tiHteji-sft Eft ^RFlft trft êiai4 ft) ft =Tft qiNi eR^ vRfft lich'^ddl ^ ÎMHI 5ft )3FR ^ I 1935 ft 31^1^ ft ft dO-Jt ftfl-ft ^ Tft I inft) ftft ft >3-Rft ^ ft ft«F ftî eft tqiHH eft 'FTftr FF A^lRqin 5^ftfiTft?RT gjR ftftFfT F^ ft^rai’ I F^ "^rFft FFft ftF ^ eI)Fft eFTFF) FFT ^^FJT 1 F^ bwRi<?9 jIr 'Fcft ft) FftftftFF iftft I ftft 3fTT5R Iftft ^Rlft 5JF ftTFTH FFIFT ÔFTFT I iRiftl ft WRIFlft -ftr FifftFTft ftftjf ft 3TOR ftt^f fÎFT I FFft) -STTfpft eft Feft FRT TI’^-F'^FF fft)FT I F¥ rRF TRftr ftftftt 5ft ?ft FTTFIFF ft FFtF^ 5jp|ct)i ft Fft FRJ^^ ^ ftRTTfftT 5Rft ft 5ft 11

TTftjRft FRT^ efF fftFR FT ft) Ffftflft FTFlftlef) cBiftf fttT Fl^fftlft % FRT FFTF ft TTef) 3TF5J ’jJftFF FTFr 5R tiet)41 f I FN|_ft 57RcT 5ft Ff^FT-ft ft) _3TFR -affT ehc^n ft> ftlF ft | ft TTTFTftfF)FF TTFftftF) ftft yehi< ft) Ri^RFt ft FFTF FF ft ftt I FFFF FF FT ft) FfftFlft Fftrfft’ ft) FTF eFft ft 5RFT fftFTFR FTlft 5ft I FT ft FTFT fft5)F5R FTFlftTcI) ^ ft 5)Rf 5ft I FTF^ ft FFTTT 5)1 5ft >3Tf5ftlF 5Rft 5ft ft^FT ftt I Fft^lftt 1N^ 5TTTF ft> fftIftF FFft ft Hlftf 3fft FFTF ^FRTffftftftf ft 'FTF’F fteft, ftfftr ct)«fl ft) ft TT^ % ftlF 5)Rf 5ft I FftiFft FTF^, ^ FFrF'jft FTFcTR FF 5ft ft) vj'&lft Fft^^ft 5ft -JiiftldF ft fttFT I ftft^T ?TTFF ft FTft ftFFT 5ft ^ni'^cT 5RFT fft^FF

ft ft FcpFFfF'jft 5TRf |l

'Hfha (All Indian Women's Council)

’SrfftcTF ft -SiRsHtI 5TRftft FftF^ 5ft 5jfft5)T eft ftFKrf Fft ftRT vTT tl«haf ft I F^ fRf^

ft 5T!TFft FFTft I Fft^# 5ft 5^5) ^S5R 1^5) FF FT ft ^Tlftf I FRftft, 1920 ft '-STfe^T FKflIq nff^ll fRf^ eft TFTFFTFftFft I FTtft FTFlIftF) -sftr TRftfcTF) ftF5ft 3TFFT 5)l4 ftFFFIFT 1 FFftTTFTFftj^ FFlFf 5ft FtRTTfftrr ^FT, 5ft Ftft^TT t^SiTT «ft 5ft sfetftftF f^)5T 1 F^t^

! FFft FFxF’jft FZFT 1926 ft FF >3Tft5) Fiftell TTFFFt ft F5)^FFT 55 fRFF ft5R, FFft TRFT PTFFR, FfeTT Fl<4l5 FffFT F’ftFF 55 -FlFftlF fft)FT I FTTft) F5FT^ FffFT 55 F^ftrTF Pl<Tl< fftRft'F-fft)ftt FFT ft OTTFffftrT fft)5T Flft FFT I FffeTl FfftTF 5ft FF fttftFFT sft % FTtft ftlft^ft

Ffftftt ft FffFT Ffftfrt % ftft TTFFFFft ^FF

ft FFftF Fffttft ftft TFFfttftlF)

Self-lnstruclional Material 41

’ft ftwT zff -sttr ^nss cR^fr sft i 5tT^ wr ^ % ’tr^ sitt ^ sjrtrt

^tTF^ ^ Î^nFT 'Si^Hlei ’ft 2ff I

H’T’RT yc^Jch ^ -BTfe^T ’TRcf^T hBcii hR^<5 cFT 'SinI-ji-i fî^-^-t^Rtt ^FR ^ 'JllMlf^d felT ^3IT?IT ?IT I ?R îml'Jt'l R ’5?^' ^ TFTTyR ’7T fclR-t^3f felT 5IRJT ?n I ?R 3MtjHf ^pft«rM-fqc(i5 ^ ’ictf'ii ^ JiTttt ^ ciFfr R(q(& cItT 'Sn^ ^trfr ^ itfft fefi ^ncTT 11930 % 3MRr

^ STR^ -STf&f^RRT ?F)T dHit'l W ^TJRR ?{5% 3fR dschl R«F PiRqfl ^TT^ % R?RTrT ^ RfRTF

5R dq)^ ^ 1

RTRlftrai 3ii-ql<Ti

NOTES

hBtII H’FPIT'jff ^ RrIÎR^ ^ I '^, Rf RT R^BcR ^ vs^fi^d

R^RTJjf ’jRRFT 11 5R% RRT ft RffW-aft eft RRRJT^ff R)t RRRT oftT RRKR ^F d*^(g ^R^ 5R RTTFftR RiPf f^FJT 11 ?R cFT 5)Ff

chqci RfR eft ^ftRT^ff ReR ft Rft T?! «lfeR RTfPR ehc^n, ^JcRTR 3fR ^RR % RiRlf ^ dVl'd T^T % I

^ ^ 5il ^ 3RR hR.711 dnCidl eft ^ Riff 3lRjeb f I

3Tj%Rr RRcftR nffell rRr^ % eJlfdRqd Rif RffRT d'lOd ft dRhd WT % dffdiRf % RRRITRf R^ ^RR 3TffRR RT ^ Rld^' d—%=^dRdl ij? RRR, R? RTT HT^T -StlylRieh {iR«jn (l928) 1 R?

I RRTeT RRT

RffW d&qilfl RR5R (1938) WlHdl 'JTFRT 'f ^ I W % dfffii ^jRIR ff ddedld RiFf felT f ; ■STR ft R? WTT 3rTft ^RT’Sff % Rttr rRtS f I ^ RffRT3Tt Rit MfR RRiR % 6tdRl?H Rilff f eR i3^ RTR^Nt RRlft f I ftR-glft, ftfer RtfRT'Sif <ft d5Ndl RRft 11 ^ felRlft Rit ylcdilfd

RRft I f^RRf Rfjf R feRT iRRTT ft R fllRT 3MT ft 1

RRft RlfR3ff % fr RTI ‘isitfrf RR’ R% fRRTR % ft^

dlftni eni'^Ri 3fR nffdi ■STfftRR % ftfSR Rit RffRiaf! R^ RRi RR RT RTT^ RRRJT-sff RT RFT

fcTRR R *RJR ftf" RRT dtfdiSff eft ^flRfifi, didif^q), d-d^Riqi 3ftT RR^f^ ffRf^ RT fttRR fen RT% RRT1 RffRTR ^ TRRRT'Sff R7 'STTRIRr ?RR Rt(a^ Rft I ?R tiqqji RRiR JîR dHM 3fR RI?R %

TFRft^nff RTR9R1^ RRR % ferftRR RRTt R Hgld'ld f RffRT Rdd RRTRT RfT^ ^RTT I fR% RTR ft RffRT ^R5R ft t^llnd ft% ?lf 1 ftft 3flft<hR RiT RRT ft Rtf^^ff % f^ RiT RRRi RRT “ftRft jffRf eft ^RRT 31T^ -STTRiRT

%?Hr% 3i'd<l'îq RR ylfqd RR I ?R%R

R)f wffft f I"RTRt Rtf dffeil ddOd 3TTRTR RilR eft Ril^ RTRT1975 f#RR Rift fRR

f gRRl R^ ^ 1975 f 3nRTR RiM 3?R 1978 f RRRT RR ^RTM f nlffll RRRR 5R : R%R ft R^ I RTR ft SlfRi RtfRT RR ’ft ^RlftfcT ftft Rft I 1980 ft RffRT d'lOdi ft 3TRft RRR R Rilft ftR ft ftsftsjR tftiRT I ft Ril’jftt RRTF, flRRTR ftftftt RSlfeRl, R1R2R ftfftt RlRRilftRI ftft Rft I RTR ft % ftR ft ft Rilft RiTft Rft I RRiftR Rlftt RTRIT ft RtfRT-aft Rft RRi-^jft fti RiT ’TTftRR RRT tftRT I

|f ?Rfti RTR ft 7R^fRTRRT

ft ftRTJS ftRR ?ft RRRTT^ft fti fftRRRR ft R?R[ft Rft I fR ’RRRT ft fft?R eft ftRRf Rit RRRT RTIf^ ftsTT ft Rf I fR tRf 3fcRf^rR dffdl tftRR RtfftR ftft

% RSRIR RRR efr nff'dl RTRR ft Rf ftcRT RiT ilFR g-RT ^ R^ffft RRRR^ft Rvt ftRiT C!Ri fti RTR3TTftRR

■STTRR fftift 1 Rfjf, -STRFRR, RRleRiR, ?RnR, rIvT FRfTR, HlRdlReh ^dftsd, difcll Rfftift RiT SiftfR •Sifft RRlRiT ^TR ■aii'ejltd'i tftft RR Tf 11 ?R R7? nff-Ttl d'leSd, Rtf^TT RftR^ dtffll ftR, R^ft ftrR, dlfdlf TRT Rfftfft, dtfî RWT dlftlft, ^ 5^ d'lOd 3Tlfft ft RffRT’Sff fti ffto? SlftRi RiFJR RRlft ft I

RiT R# R RFR RRT fftRT fftfft ‘RTR


i

•3^ (Women^s Study and Movements)

cT5) ^ flii'j'lcTi % TT ff ô4d; QjR qqi w ^^qrRcF tFff^ ^ % IjqRT ^ 11 BTH^Rr;

^ I ■3TT5jf^ ^Rq ^ ^ -SikIwi qtt% ^ BT%^ % SRT ■3H'(il?H qiRT ^ I -STR rITf-qTf % diBw ^ -BTffRH’ q?r '’jq gqif qftft I ^ ^“gl-il, OTRR, qifcRTq, ^TSTldBR

^ q^qiq -anf^ I

yv>i< % ^<3d ^ t^$fqqqT R^ql % 1%^ ^ ^ i ^ arfqt^ ^qq: gq^ ^ qqiRchi q|t ^ Tfr 11 ar^ 5^% ^-f^f qr I qq Tfr 11 ^%qq

q ri<3w^ qq # qqi qq 1q§tq T^T Biw^qq^ qqqr 11 qflqr qiqq ^ qq^rraff q?ftfq, §fltjq, q^Rq^rr, arq^qq, ^^qrq arri^ qq ^ # ww 11 ^ q^ qqqr qrlqr % t?3ch? % q?T^ firRT^ gqjR % f^qrr %qTftq> arfqt^, artqqq Tqqqqqi ?tqT %.qF qq i^-1^q?f %arrFfq anm 11 qrq: qF srrr f^qr qqr I ^rt f^ ?5ft % qq w gqqr % qff qinJf % ’It ^ an^ 11 ^-fcR?! rf ^ i^qqf % qq4 ^ qqR q Ffqq ’jq^-’jq^ % 1 q^qrq

%q?T Tqqraff % frt ^qiRq> qqf^ qrt % qqrq £f % 1 qltft cfr ^feqq’fr % aftr ^ qlt qqqiraff % qqrqrq ^ qftRq qi'IIcK ^ft % qFr§ll?rr ^qr qrqqq, arqqqft qq aiiR I qqi qq f^qqr qq q? ’ll ^ qt qjqftRT % qr^q ^ nRqi qrqq ^ qq^raff qq Fq qRqj% qq qqjq qRcft 11 5qt t ar^ qq.q?r-'T-,’^*T.’fr. aftr qaft | aiqqr tf ^ 11

>37^ 5^ ^ 3iit4iRa vv/’q?W’f (Movements Based on Important Issues)

qRtftq yRiqinwcn qtiqiwi

NOTES

F^T arfqfFrq qq 'jq qft^^q fft qrq qq qrslt ^ 1% qq; RRtq ^ arqqr qqq q^r qq^qralf qlf ^qqqq qtFq qq % qîrq ^ R^4l qlt qq^qraff q^jqq arqqr R^4l % aqqtqq f 1 qqiFqq % qqq

^qq arfqtqq ^qu ^ q^ qqr, WM-^qiF, q^qqfr qqr 1 q^q^ft qqr qw ^f qt qF f^qt^ sJttTcF qqi^ cqf^ ^ fid'll mRh4i t, q^ inq q^ qr IF# qqqr f^qrf 1 qf^ qqfr % aq^

^F5 afqr etdi qr stflRifl qqTq ^ qqr an^ ^ ^sil f^qqr ^ qRfr sff 1 trt aft % f^qqr jqf^fqiF % Rr arfqtqq ten 1 q# qqr qr arqq; qq^ qqiqR 1829 # %-qq^^ qffer qR Rqi qqr 1 ffIT qqqrRR'a FRT% % qiFf-RiqTF qr «fd5i'q FFTT^ qft qiq q;^ I F^^ FRqqq^qraff qq qqrqR fiqr anq 1 Fqpft qqpRq qr^Rfr % Rtaii F^ f^rqr qft qtqrrf^ fiqr sm? ^% fi«ji ^ IFT^ ^f, «hFi aiT qqqrr % fi qcR jq f^^ q?r R^^fl q?t qqFqiq qqlF aftr iiRei ’ll Ft^ff

qqR qft an^ qqi^ R§cft 11 f’^ i Rjq^ aqqfqq f^ an^ 11 ajfff^srg % ’It q;Fr fiRl-ii Ri<ich<u|

ft R^tdf qlr feqr aqq qqr qqqft

laftFÎqiFT

jFqr ^ arfqfFFr fi^

Fqqq ’FTR ^ F^ arfqrFFT % 5?^ ^ ^ Î5R If qrq: arfqtFR qRrft 11 FfFTF ^ F^FRFqrait ^ ^ qsqf q?r qîrff 11 gqj ^ qF^ ’Ift, qF^q^Mlq^f t aftr t FRiar aftr % qq q^ I Fq arF’! 3?^^^ FRFqrq f: qFnqFR, q|ar, qtar F^qq, amFC'i, nRdi qftqff

ddi«h, gyr

FRqqr

qq sffqq, dRi«h ?fiqq, qqqqqaft qflFnarf qft FRFqr, qf^Fqaff Rrorqq,FFqrg, Rfafq q’IcRft qflFTTaft c^t FRFqrg, qqfiFq, qfqr^, aiq^q %?qi^ anlt 1

21# Fiff c# arFfM RRtqqrq t qr qF Fiff afk fe^tq^r ’ll % 1 qft ’It ^ I FFT y'lfd^flTl a^ tfFffftq; qq ^ qgaq ’ll ^ qF qSfT ’If ^ f^ qrf|qq> “RfFR, Rq^,


^ f •! tfwfcF ’ft t sldlWiK ft^T3ff ft ftfsim ft 1^ 11 wr ^

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■STR ’TTTfT ^ TPft nfelT TPIM, tiftifl q qftw^ TTRlfes fttl tiHfli qft ftqiT 'OTft^FT ^57 TfT 11 ^sqqft ftft I fe 7m? ft qfeiToff qft 33 qfftsTTi •3TTT«m fenr qn? fferft ft ?flfeT, sftfer, qmfer, ftftr- 3^ qferr^ft sri crtîft ^ Trfti i TnTTnrft! trt Tmram =R7 Tfe i eFfffe ^rftr ti?) Tnft TTJFftfeF

qfiTTT -3TT7OT ft? 7?M #7 ftFT ft 7TFW qff 11 Tift? ft ?ft -siftt qrfftT qff fe^T ffe ftt qferr Tftrsn TTTT? ft 'HROT ft? 3^ qr ■srfer 11

ft? fftft ?37'ft?q ft? 'ftK'Ji ^ 57?qf ^ ^ qifeiq? =q=i&K % i 3?? ?9nF ft ?TfT7q?R <ftr qzqr

TTqrawrq 3^TUqiPri* 3TT^

cA 6 ?ft ^ TTNOTES

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w ^1

v3q^?7T hBcII TlHWlftf ft? 31FT 3|ft -Stm qfelT '3Tf?lTFTf ft? '3717717 11 nfeTR ^TR ?7fftt 3TFIWEft 35it f tft? ft 3Tqft 3Tfej?rft ft? ^ qq?^ frq?7 Tfqft q?7 7ft 1113 37^3 3|?f ft 3I 37fft<flftf ft Tlftt

yft, feftr, Tjftr 3ntt q?t qftf 7373 3ff 11 TTftt 773P7qffTTTq qcR TTTST f fl773qq?ft?fftftt3fr7qHH77ftt%fftftl

773r?Tq

?7^7r 'Hf<0^H ft"’ (Active Participation of Women's inNational Movement)

Tl^tq 37fft33 ?F 337 ^fft ftt ffelft ft^lfe? ^313737 T3 ft nfftii 37fft33 feh1ftc7 §377 qftffft? ?m 7733 ftST ft? TTmft 773ft 3ft ^fttftt 7333777 qTR 3?73T 3T I ITltftft' 3^77 37fft7T3 ft 77^ feff 3?t 7773 ft3?7 37^ 717 3TI 13 q3?T7 ft? 71137ft 37f?l7R 3ft 773ft q3!3' fftftqrl7 31 2ft fft? 177ft 773R % ?3^

33f ft ft3?7 fftm 33? 773? fe nfftllft 77ft3%77 ft? I qfen3737iq 737737IT qTR 377% ft? 733 ft ft '^feTlft 3T77ft3 ifeq-ftf eft 7377: ft777 3ftt felft? fftft 3753773 ft?ft 3ft nffcii’Sft 3ft "jq?? ft 773ft 37737 317 1177377

qfelT3 31 §-377 fft? HTTfer 31^777 377?t773 77I37fef? T753f 3ft 7T73ft 773377 «'ifei ftft ^ 1177 37 ^3? TjfftTT ft ft371 77^t3 '3T7?tT73 ft 3ft ’j1ft3?7 'fttT 77fft?3777 ft? fttft ftt7 37 ?t 73F3 ftaft177737

3ft %— ' ;.1. 333 ft qfeTTft Tjft'TTTtfttlft ft 7>fft ftt 773cft ftt ftt7i 77fft?3 ftt ftf I

2. feft3 ft nffellft ftt STqft ft713 1777 7T^t3 73773777 37f?tTR ft T7fft?3 7ft % I

ft^ ?tft ft 3ft eft iffTTTft 37357 -37337 ■3737357 M ft 3feT73ff 3ft 5717 71^ 37f?t?R ft ^Jfft ^ ftrR ft 7ft ftt, 3fr ftfeeRlft 373ftt ftfeftt ft 3Tft ftfl'ii eft y-ATicifeid 377ft 3?T 3?73 3?7 7ft ftt I iftt ■ftd’ll

ft ?J73=3 ftft ft? 7773 ft ft 373ft 37fft3?7ft ft 3ftfft77 ftft TTftt I §7t3^, 37^13, 3773I3TT, ?f57 7737 37R 3ff777 77373T37f ft 313377 ftft TTftt I ft 33f ft 37ft3? 77^13 3 37m 3ff777 77313 737fft77 ftft Tift I ft Tlftt 3tf777 77333 nlfdl 77373737? 3ft 3 ft?377 iftftt ft 357737,3?7ft ft 37^ 3ift> 77373R ^ 373 ft 7773?T7 ft 3?7ft ft I

77373737? ft? fftTI3?7’3 ft fftft 777ct?7ft 3ft 3?7^ 337ft ft fftft ftt fet5T 3?7ft ft 1

3ft 3713 ôlTlT'n3ft7 3fe5T 577’jfft ft qiTq'jft 3t3?73 felt f 11^ 3ft ft737 ft qfett 3Tt?t773 3ft 377 313T §377 I 3tft Slfel 377 37T3777 §33 1177 §7lft77 3?7 333777 'jft 7771 ftfftt 5ft ftt ft 37 I ^ ft 57ftt ft-“3ft fe3777 f fe qfettft

ft fftft 3^ 3ff7773Tf ftt 33? 37737 3lftd 7731tft f ffeftft ^713717 3n?t773

44 Self-lnslruclional Material

WlÛndl % fluiH ^ ’TFT I 5^ iq-fli ^ ^ Trf^ Rihi^ 'TTT^ I ^FTTT cHirf ^ fcFTTTTTW I Ff ’fr d(dfli ^ TT^fft” I

?iM ^ Tpft ^T cl5t TH ’TIR c^ST^ ^ T5^ cR ^ & I 5 ^ 1857 «Ff STRft ^ îT ^ 6|’II^-=R

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«Rft ^ ftft FJrRcTT ffRT ^Tlft eRT I 1 ■I

-STT^ ftw (^ -SFR) epT Tfjft ’TRTT ft) wdftdl 3ft

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I

ft) ftrft TeRTR ft? vTR I”

afttiînwcnSliftcTi

TTTRT, SRrTT,NOTES

ft)-R) yeftK

ftt dftc1l3ff ft 5)ft ddMRR WET^ft^R fiRlT I ftft ft 3^7 Rft ft^FS

ddM ftefT cFift ft i^gTTT Rqft -ant I Rft "ftRlT ft ftefT TJRR 3TRT—dHM, ft?! ft ftefT

I 5'^’ftftftT RTT

ft dftiRehl ft I tddftdl ftlTRft Tjftft ftftr f^FTT fftfT | 3n?TT Tift ftfft ft ftftft ^ fftm ft ift— ft^leRfldi'Ji ft 'jRjIft, ft?idlekt 3frT RftRIT ftftftft ft ftST ft ^TR ftflft

ft I ft 3Teft cReffftft, eRTTefTK, HdehK, RcfRTT ft^fft 3^7 R5 ftdR ft ftfêfTT ft I TJRfTT JfgJ grnf ft^.-ddM grJR ef if; ftRTT -Jti'K”! R... I sRT TRT 3Rftt ftigftt ft ^rftfft fftefRR, Tiift ’RRRTTjT ftr TT^ ftrRT EfprnT FfftfTT RMT...

{’TTTft) ft) mtZFT ft Tjftft flcehmld

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flseft ftftnT ft RTT fftnr I ft ftft ftn q5t d&i*ii{l fft^TTTTT RT ft ft^T nft ft I ftF efrft RST ftR efTfft 3TT7’R fftT7 ftft-ftft 3^7 ft? ft Sfftm ft -ft | T3RR mTef ?fT ‘TRT FRl ftt.

ftn 7TTST 3TT ft Sfrftft | fteff ?FT ^ fftTTpftf TTRlfftl) 3TTftcR W 3TraT7 % I ’fttft fftftfelTft TftFSRSI 3T^ ft R# ftft ft ft 3ft ftefT RffT ef,&ch< dHH fftjT R I

Rftft ftftr ftftft ft RfftlTT IftsfTRT ftft I 3TT7*’T ft ftft 3n1ft ft Bftftff TOft nft 3TTt ft Rftft 3n|jr efrft rinft dift Rftftf? ft ft ftn 3fT7'’T ^ fen i fft ftft-ftft 3rj ft ’ft ftftRft 7^ ftSTTft elftl

\

'7?RT TJTF’T fftTT 1 RTefTf ftftfTTaft % flft Tf? RTf ^TSJefT TlftST ?TT ‘RT ’TITcT efTRfft ft, T^Tf T^rff rjft -^7 ’TTTff ftr efTf ft 7T7 ftefT TJRft I ‘Tf? RTT 7ft 3Tfft7R ^ ’ftlR ft ft? ft? RTTI Cilj< % hR^Kefft TJ?) 3fr7 ftftS ftTTTT 7TTf^RefTT7 ft 7T77TT tft ftft I 3nTft ft ft ftftfTT ’TTTft ft R'i<scfl 7?ft ft '5??

:?T7 ft-TRR ftefT % TfTlft ft Tift 7?ft ft I TTTTTT ft 7ft?1t 3TfftTH ft 3nift ftcIT3ft ft ftft I 3TT9TT Tift ftRT n'Rf% ft? efTT, nReid tft Riaft ft—

, fSelf-Instructional Material 45

27ir ^l4 ^ ?7W ?# ^W7 j7W7 ^ /^ d-p)-? '*77777' 7# ‘f'sn •f/'ycft 77^ ^ TWW fir«'V5? ?imT^ 777^, 37^77777; ^Trft =ft</W?, wy< «/<»%<,^W^fWFT, 377/t' 7^ ^ 7^577 577^ i7^ ^7^^ /’

?7^t 7R^ % 3T%F> 4[^dl3ff ^ cf <M^fd«h 7JtR7 t I^tl^ ^Tltf TI^tTr ifTRT -sftThBî 77*71777 ^Tft ^)'<io-i ^7*117 % -STk TJwlf ’ll tiHM TlTRlf TTTtTTFft '7171^ Ri-^m ’TftTT,^îdl ^Hdidl, '3777'*r 377^ 37^, ^w<f4l& 3Tff^ I *77777 T^T JSR hBai Riyid THTT 377ZT5T Tff I ÎTJR TPTT 3?nr TW? ^r^lTft 37=71R 3^11 3(pllWK % flffry gTRS -W I FT *Tf|^ 3TT5t?FTf 7I?!

TfTTT 7}^ ?ft *7^777 vsi^nlsd TFT fit 3TT^t?R TfH «HNI *1777 FT «fr ^Tratt ^ ^*T7it ^ *Tf^77T37f T^t MiRqiR^h 3T?M TTFU^HR *j|<7q!l % Rld^ 7T51«RT Snqivfl Tlit■*1^ I FT ^ 3||«iIf7Hf ^ ^ tItt 57>^ TisfTTf *t TFSclT, 377T*M, F717I 13?Tj7 *Tff ^777? 33 yRl^ld*#71T 37TT?I’*r cj5t TM ^ 3ftT 7^1 % *1^ ^qiRq) *771^ cpt qs|i|| % I FTW TffyT 717 372f I Fl^ 3^ 71771 «l5t ^Tff 3*FnT^ THfl I SdlRl^ SllTR' 37*^1 TRi 77

f^rai777*77

NOTES

*ft (M^lfdî ft7r7 37T75r*r % ^5^’TT 7*^7*777 'iflqd *1

F7 FT 77827 ^ *11 .*781177 *7^ 77811^ I % *lR«i #F7, dBdi3ff 3777 7i^ diBrd % 7^ 77*7137 *1 37*7 vdi'^Ri 8St *757777 'fldiiH 11 *iR>di d'lotl % TftR^ ?t8R 3r7*ft 77*778773^ ^ 77*7137 % d*^<a 77F ^ I *iR>dl 37f?t7i*7f 8117 77*Iîr7ft*T TltcRR *77 Fl^ 37ftl8tl 5*7187 3ft7 qqid 5F ^ thl-Jd qdl^ *7% I ^STTIF^ %

3757 37i^7Rm FT FKR |-

1. TTcft 5S7T 37f&i^l8I*7 1829 t 4 ^^7T*F^ 1829 8lit TTlfTfl fen *I8n

2. fel^fecll 5*lfel7F 37filfe*7, 1856.

3. 31?f-Rldl5 Rrfra 37^7^187*7 (STT7?T *^813 1929) I

4. Rqql 8117 77*5% F 3lRj«hH 37%R|q*l, 1937.

5. l%*^feT? 7T87T felTF fe^ 3lf?7%87*7, 1955.

6. fe^v5f7771%8iU7 37%fel*7, 1956.

7. fe|;*TT3lfeT 3ft7 77757777 3T%Ri87*7, 1956.

1961.

9. ffeit 3% q)'8Jl37f 8117 37^1ff8fl 8m5T7 RiClyqi 31%Piqd, 1956.

Hied I -37^1715 % 778% 5 873 cRF 31T 7186711 8] <MdlId«h Riifd 8tif y'lfd^Tld FT1% 58^ d5l9dl 8l5t 87^ nfelT SffeT, ôTls'i ^f7 3id7ldK ^ *ft 86fe 8Il*it3TTÎl5:T3FT81T77 8Fi'>itl% sit?lldhK 8|5t 81?*n3ff *f %7T 7175 % 77*7137 %867186 % I %sf*T, <;fdd *lfel737t % 71187 37137 *it 37787^77 3TT 7^ ^ I 3?! ^ 77*7feit7f ^ felRTStt?! ^ Ff% 867 31817 867 757 ^ 81F 37557*'! ’ft 751, ddldhK Ffe 5781lft % 8l?r 37T 7^ f |

77*3yf *7feT7 31T3tcT*7 861 81% fe?F*T 86^ Tit 5*7 5% Rt«h4 F 5|8lft f % H^di 37f5tTR 7778717*751 ■*^^, ft^-ffejff, 5T*5713it 37*£TftrS87T7ff, nRdK % TifeiT^t ^ % fftfW ft 3% 7357 |3T7, 8r#f df|dl3ff 8lft 3f8n7 3^ ftl 71*7137 3 nRdu ft 7817*7 ^ 51 Ridsa ftt 3TT3t7R' %ft *Tft I ft 37t Tftt ftl ftft ft ftfelT ftfft 388 sft 3711*7 551867 7737 *157 877 I 37757517, 3*7*7, 37*Tr5R 8^ ft %51R ft! I FT 5^ %ft87T yifft51 37*87fft$8n7it ftl ffelFTl ftf 37f3t71*T ftft *lft 1 ftTft 777*7I%86 giftirlftl ftl Rld^ 5^^ ^ ^ 77^387*7 3713t71*7 %ft ^ Tirft 35T, 5177-Riqi6, d^Hdtlch fft5T5 1 *lfelT37f 86t %%77 feft 35** FT ft5 ft 57>5 3% nl^dl 3ftft 86T 5t*T3I*T ^ I

I

8.

t ^ FT 3Tf3l71*ff ft 'HKdlq ffeft 5ft 3T%f86,711*TT%86

\

I •

46 Sclf-lnsiniclional Mater: r'

20Wf ^ '37%f) îf^lrt ^^ nR^y <^5<i4T I ^3% fliHiRi-î ^^TR’, ?FRT, FR5RT % Ef>T% ^RTI

StlRi^ 19^f îfr % 3R 204f ^ >33^ ‘hBai 3TRt?R ^ I R?R RRR ^ «*l«tMfll'1

'STTRRR' *iRtrii % ?ftw^, qtniWK 3RfRr, 5RT, ^ ^ % 3TTSnT ^ 3IRR ^RTRT cR^ % fM^ 3TRf?R I Richi^l ^ I

4.4 fîwsi ^ TT^ vjikI^ (Backward Classes and Trampled Movement)

-^rft FRli^, ■3TI^f«F ^ ^l-^lq (HImm # -STRfT Rsil^ I^tlT R5I^

cl?r d*4l <ivi'ilRi'n fli'H yiyi % R^3R % t'3T % RiRi'^ RFTt ^ Rta^ '^Rf % dnWn ^ I 5R 311<1^1'll' cRi sf^T’fr 5Tn^ ^ I ^ 'STK^RTf ^ ?f OdRltni ^ ^ R?RSfrRR3

RRR 'STRfRR RRT ^ TRRR

^cvî}t4<n WfM

RR? RW ^RTR) TTR ^ ^ RT^ jIT% % d, % ]873 ^ RRI 3TRJR) -HHM «^t FTTW

ci?r I ?R strrr' Rpr M RviR ci?r 'fliRiq! wt aftr RRff sfr i rrr # r?.

^>RRj ^n'clfl-i 8JT RIR ^RT sTTSTR RrWt îT ?IFR RR fr^TT Rf RW 'JtiRiqT % 'STRRT «H«Rt RFRT ^ i^RTT i 3ffT RF Rlis| RiT ■STRRrT ^ RRRR 3F RRTI FR% siwff RtT ^^cIT RJI" 3R#FiR RR i^RT I ^Rf: RF IfTFI^ RlflRt 3RRfRR RT I

^ ‘RT^rRIR) RRI iRf ‘^?ii41Pl<l’ RFRF ^ ^ RlRT R RTRTRt^ ■tJd'lT Jd!"!

RRR ^ RW I R PRJ^ R^ % ^3RT RtR RR R^t I RRT RR^ RRTR 3TR ftiRT FIRRRT RRT RRc^ STlf^ RRf^ % 3iF R^ feR RR I tRFl% HSferf % fdRdl-STf %>3TRTRTRR RR FfejRt ^ ^ fÎRTRR I T# jf&R RR ftTRT, RRM, nfifll 5^ ’3Trf^ ^ W RRR % RFxR’J’f RTRt i%R I % 'STTRfRR R^ RTTîfeT) RRf^ ^

RT, 3TR: Sl&J'jil % FR arf^lRR RH feRT I ?R ÔTRtRR î Rp^fîR ^ RI# %-RTFW‘iwl, jdRl Rmk 53^ 3fr RflRi^ rR rRRR c^t RTf^fRT ^ I RfTRFIJT % RFRIRT % ’fT 1900

^-RTFFT -SrfFtRR R^ ylrtiii^d %RT I RF STTR^R % -JR! TTRTt ^ ^ RRT -sfR RRR,

^RTRT RSR ^ vJliIddl % d'lfid F^RiT RTFpit RR ^dMI f^RtR f^RTT I ^.'TTRTFnRt RTRRR % RTFTR fdOsft Oh’csIr'I RR %^rR f%RT I 1944 ^f ^T^RI^Tlf % Sfe R>FRR ^ ^RIRR^RtI" I % RI^ ^ RRT RTFFR ^ I

# R777W ^ r/^rtwt W^hpr

RTTR ^ RRR-RRR RT RTFPR f^sft 'STTRfTfR ^ Tp ¥ I ^ 3ffT Rfe R^

RT 1 RFTTT^ % RTRSftsiRi TTRTjT oTf^tdR ^ ’fffR ^ if RTTTRR RR yRHicid T^T, Rff RTFTR f^Tt?fr RT I RF RRi ?f^fR ‘JiisltHH RT ÎRRiT TTRR dl^ RRT% RI^ %TTT ^ F^RTRTF 'RlfR ^ RT I %T^ if Sddif TRRTT

RilTR diHiPich, RiWd)I I

RRRR ?flR^ FIRT TFT 1 RIFFR %i%R RR ^ % ^ -BTR: BTT^f^ch f^T5TTRR ftRTRTT% BTRRTf RR ^TPT ’ft B'elft ft' BTfftRi 30NI ^3ftT ftr-RTFTR RRT fftR RnftfRT FTT pfTR ft RfftR Tft I FTT ftRfft ft RiK'Jl RRft 3TftcffR RRRT ftf sfTFTR ftfftR ft TRT ft TfTRft 3TTRT I ftrn if ft RTTIR’R JR TRlftf RTTT ft ftR ft 'RTTTR^ tfft hRÎWI RTRR RTRR> BinVld RTTIRT I FTT ,3TfftTT? ^'RJTJ RRRtFFT ft—RfftTRT T^ft ft ftFT RTlfftft ft RftST RR ftftRRT TTTRRft ,ftRT ft

dfêllft ft RRft ft RRIRT ft ftftr VTTffrR ufRqidiwch

auftcd-i

NOTES

R>FT RTRT11 ^fft RR BTfftTTR RT5FT■fllldMl

ft Fft ft fftF>sRR RRR

^TT BTTRrft RR 20 yid^lR ft I IftT ft Rft ’RTR ft BT^ RTRf ft ftfcT ft BTT^ ftft ft RR TrftftlRi BTfftRRTf ft ftftR T^ RRT sffr Pl<d<

\ ;■1.' :

Self-Inslruclional Material 47

91 cFT -Srf&tfirT fSnm, ^ HfitI ^qnn4I !I^, yi4'JlM«h iSJT^ ^^r?cF) % TjipfPT cFT 'SrltnjiiT ?t?it tii4>JiPi=h ufaPiRtw cRT arf&îR ciku i ■srfTt^R ^ «'*?ifli’ft {ft# snr «Ff ?RxHTcR«i) ’ft i ft 'i^ft ^ hmw ^ ^

^3^ ‘ifa^Heiai -SUftt, 5TftF?T ^ f4=hiti ft Hftqcii |3TT ftRsil 'Jiiia4l % ftÎ rtft i

’TTOf ft [^ci4 ’ft tiîM ^nVini 3^ ^nft ft ^ wtt^% ftni^ flHifthch ’I^9fteI3T ^ ftPT ^ ^RR ^ IIH ^ ^ sft—

ft 3W -Jtild^f ■sftr ^ ft sfT&i'Jil % Idd-tS, 3^ =Rft ft ft I

2. ?3 'Jn'cTlW'iT 5)1 3|?5 jrrdftr ftkR ft 353T sit I^RTft % ft fft’=T 'Jllfd«<l ’ft 3^ -JtifriftlcRf f^STT 115^ SR 71% tl4 ft5T ft ftRfftr HTTT sR 71% I

3. <3TTft^ftf ft fft’^ S?f7%sj ft^PTT ijcv"i %y, 4)«<<f«4 '^/ffl'4 ftftt 5)1 fft’lW ^317 I

4. 3Tf?fcTftf ft fft^ -Jllfrlftl ft ^MdlldSfi ftqn ft^T %t sftl ft ^Nft 3iRjcbift % Tifft TTIPT I ftTnft ft spft % ^ ’ft ft I

fftrjft «Fft % -SikIcti JlT^r’T iftfftft spft 7^, RT% cfiTTftt %t 7RIRT 3IT59'55) % I ftftfR ft ftftsT

^ sIT?rftr %t 3^ T^t f I ■Sfftvift % TRSI ft ’ft 3%fft if^^lftt %5TT HF*! SR 7175)17 % 3^ 5% 5)f 3RT SR 1%siT 1TTTST ff 3% diHlfii«t), 'STT^fsF ^ <i'fl'illacn 91^71 ^t7 ’ft HTTT 7^? I 3%fft ^PTISJTff %r 55^ gfft^-aft ft ftfftrT t %sn 573 33 57 3lftsR fftftftsicTTft ’ft TTR- % I

■3IcT: ftlcjft 5% % fftPT ftftft ft 5195175 f%SITT ll?3 5)7 3T5ftt fejfft Sfft ;S5T 5)7 t^RT, 3%fft sTT^lftt % TTRltÎSI) 5sf 7i3pftfftsi) -STTftRR %t TFTT’TT SRft 175 fftrsft 53? % 3Tfft5)R fftSTlft % fft^ •SlfftTlftf 55 ft^ IftRT I fftr?! 5’ff % 3Tf%3R 375i’T %% 5ft -dlldMl 5ft 3TTSf)f?n3ft ^sj % yftl^) ’ft ft 1

cfftjTHftrRRSJFft fejft 5% ft '3Ttt!5)fSfRT: ^R5) SjflftRT ft 3ft 7^55 ft 3Tfft5) ftift % SI)R'3 TflftH" ft <M'it[acf) ffer ft !7^ ■Jtifaqi 5)ft^ 35 dch4) ft I PT jjil^q) ft TTTJ^rfft^ fft^TTT sftuRrajf, i^chljya 5Pft'>r

fftchITf SHT%Rft ?ftrr ?I)ffft, H^N^l 7R 55 5575) ‘idilyqjK sfTI fftsftft ft ^5T7 §35 ft, 33ft TTjpftfftsp %f3T ft^T §ft ft’ft 53T5 ft ^55iT <i'fl4lfa«t) TifT ’ft 33I5T ft 1 5? 515 fftFR 5ft ^ftf 5^ 5155 3TTfftsft 523 %1 Srftft, 303 3ft7 ’Jjf7 3TTf%ft % gft ^3% ft 1 ^ 5537 ft f%5t 55f sft 'Jiii^q7 S^ 3iHiPtq) 3ft7 35f%5

felftrsft ft ftrft 57 3=ftift ffts? 53f % -STlftTlftf sift jF3 I

fft’3 'Jiifciftt 5ft yft7I3F3f^TT75few 3ir^75hT CT*t

NOTES

sftf%ft31T%37%jft %

1.

ft I 57fft 33%t 35fft5)3Tfftsi3r3 7T35 757 5sr 3Tfe5 ’577ft5 757

573 3oI5T

3^ftfft % 75133 357 5^91

55T

5 5lftfe ftl5ft55ft3R ft TirgSlfftsK f%135 5fe3T,5)14531 5Sf f^5)15 Hfl|[4q)K % st)T75 fftljft 53? sftf 3S53 ftfeftt 55 3Tlftfsi) TR TRftffftsi) 3F75 5? 55T ft I 7R5)R s^t 5fe3r3ft ft 573 3315)7 ft 3T5 TTR^ §^ ft 3ft7 3T5 ft 33 f44I‘Mdl3ft 5ft f^RIR 3ftt ft I 3T15t3 % 355T7 57 W% TRSITlft ftftlftftfi, %9n % ft5 35fft ft 35755 ’ft 5313 fftRT 35T ft I

I ft ’57520ftf % îftr ft 3T755 5’55Sf>lft 3Tf3l53f ft % 3^T3-5f^53 ft 3ftft5) 555 7ft I ^7515 =1)175 5T 54?f% ?

TT^ f%7TR 5’"

;! ^

91R[SR5 S^t ft SKTftr ft I\ •3T5: ?3ft ftft fftf^ 3lfft5T5J 5ft SR ^335 |35, ^355 3Tft R575T 57 55^5 5’55 5T, fftft55)7

5f % fftft ft fftf^ 5ft SR 5^ 85, ITlft\ •\l3315 3ft7 3R71^ ft ftlqiRql TR 7TT3F5 dl7^fa=t) 5ft53 57 sTf^

5ftf 3%53T3 57557?? Sjnfftsft %t ?$15)15ft 5% II

■A

48 Sdf-lnsiructioml Material

HfnînwehSiiVlcTi

20^ % 3?R ÔTT Tpf '»TTTrr ^ fq&K % 3<Pf4l tpi q|i;4l, ^Ji<id ^ c(Îd4l, '-i[^ci'H

«fW % ^ 'RTW % vITSf, vj^di % rlld4f trif ^ f^FTT % cRRRsfr

% ^ 5)T wf -STRiraT rt^)5'ii ill^ cET felT rRIT 1897 ^ •dlf^ d«<l ‘i'^1'4 ^Rjirl' SET g3TT, f5(d^ <i'i^li|

'3TKt?R % ^ ^ ’T^Wjyf \ftthl ^ P)ql& I

—(=l'lHl) % cEt^ % FFT ^ hB'H

NOTES

ftR ’ft % *T52ra^ ^ % a fsioft cEt ^t5?TT i:j«f ^ ??f ■srraRgr ^did! ^ gR’T fen nsm QtflS'tfl % srr^Mt «Et vndVii 32 sffenr sft fe^ i870 % I9i8 %

oflT 1912 ff fen fp g? nr Riy«KiFTTogr^rnn 72.6 nfef feiM, nfer ^ ijg cE=’TT nFR fe" 3Tg% gtsff gg Pigitfl gR^ ^ -sftr jn^rnf git [qfîoc n’jf Hidil % FIR gg gRttn ^ ^ fen fesft gR^ nt nrift dtÎd fp groigi ^ 1 ■3Rg ggiR % afen Rgf ^ gft^ fItftsT grgFiggTfeTf % ?g giFTfep gfeitg fepranf gg rtm nîgir 'Jii<flq ltd'll ^ f^§T TM % gfit fesr cEt gtigi ^ % fe[ nggtg fen 1

gg n^-Higg'flg Tjg fen^ggi Freg gr gnfen I fnsRni 1915-16 jîferr, ■Et.^jn. ntgr sgFRM srt Fnfer grffer 'SnfeR f=ft ggtfe 3Tfenng,gnf % fen^gg? feff gg gfrif^feg gnm nr 1 n? g^f sr^rnf % gr^ TR^fe), ftfep gsf cggmg ^fen ^tg^n ^ g%$T gnn gimr gr 1 ?g ntsn git 'jn gR% % fe? sn^rngig gg fetn wnr tlifeT tr % gf^ Ri'oi gg ansfg, gtnt g^nf feg 120 1926 % %-?ttirgfeiT gn % sro ’ft gR fen 1 ir% ■stifeR % ^ ^srfegRi % fei ^gftgnffeffnm girgiferf nr feftn nfigm % fe^ -aTTfer zft 1 gfe^fepnt^ ^niff ffi gnr îfen gi^ % aftr fetsT ffe ^ gjtrn ^ tn §nng git gggr ggrgr fe ’ft grg # g? gr^ arg^ ggnEfe Rfijiw Ft^g % ggm ?feRT % afgggr ff fefef ^ Rft 1

??ft gggr % ggggfer sttpr fetsft arffeR trt % feREfeft fengnt ff nm nrgngitT gigft iwjtHi fen^ ■âr! ff sn^m fehft ’nggraff % gm-gm ^srgfer aftr gn ^mggfeTFjg

Rg ’ft ggg dig? iwr fettfr arfgfer w n’t % fesfgfe jEt ggi ^ differ gft ^ 1 gigigf %

% tfe^ ggcEt feggg^ ggfe gg ^ g^ ’ft dt, fefe jfe fengr, i9i7 ^ g^jgrg gg?fgi nsig feRft ’TRRTaff % gm-^ t^rnfer aftr nn gsnFtfe ggr ’ft ggg ^ 1

^JT0 wg?wg20 ggRT, 1916 git ^ % gg^ jg^ i^f arfep ggg gep Fnifr gt# msiw-feHft sfe

agfeR gg gg ggg vIRT ân, ng ggrg % fR-grpm nRffef % ggi g^, ^ fe Et.gg. gigr, m gnjgg % TRT % g«F gm fttri

Id

^ gfn gfr ’Pft I ’ngr ^ anrOT % gg’f ff ggfe n^ gF tm gngg ntn dt-W Ffer ’nrg ggrFtfe gg % nfeg nigg? ggrgrr-w gn agnsR fen, fefe fr a? ?g gg git

gfeg fef jgjRT nr^gni 11920 ff gg 1919 % ’nm gigar ^gig angtfer gR, gt gfeg at^f % gfei ga ^ gir 1 ^fe aig^fer arfegg % gam gifer % ?g^gfe ga g^âr gg fen gr 1 arg: gfeg aiEf ^g ^nrg ^ feg^ 7^ 1

arfsjffeg % aggfg ggrg fengg’n % fet


^ chiil« 5ii&i'J|l ■3RT -JiifdqT % ^-STf ^ 5r^ %'Jt^T filchRqai I fstft?! îmchl % twilfl % f^^xs -jiRtki TT^f

^ ^ a^qK % M’ vJ’WTT f^JfT | cpff% ^ -STfÎ^ST f^lf^ sfT5Fr ^ ^

chliltl ^ 'Sitr ^l'+)Rd ^ & 1

'Jilwd 'TT^t RlRi-d d*jff cfjf 1930 if «<«bifl

dlwiRîl ^ '3TROT ■JUTH «Fn tlRd, 3T^ hR'4'^'iT ^ ?TT% cfiT ^ 3IM ^ I

fllHlf^S 3HI"5lMt

frnrt %NOTES

HiRd3TW

fcRttfr sinilvi'i ^t- <1*1^^141 -iNch^ ^ ^R<jk % dRdfd^ ^ ^5iT%^3titr«F ^ ^Sr I dN=h< ^ ■Sid^ql'i îKlnl-f if dl^'^ ^ I 1924 if cM jld %

-JlRiid 71^? % ^ sil5J''l fcTffjJt, ^jTT% fcRt^ff, 'fl*l=(l'il -Stfr g,yKc)|ifl Ri^ph I

%-siifU'J| yfdRiRiw % 5^ "7^ dd^c % TOT dHlI^ch ^=lfFT

5T&PT

^ <4itlid if ^

1^4 iR-sTT^FT !jIdRlfyc4 % 5^ %

-ST^ZTST 4t 75 ^ 1 ^fRnr ^ 1925 if%-5ii&j'j| if ^jTPji^ ^ 'inTrr 2171 "7^ #7 ^tt^rr ^ ^

RRTF ^fiT^, ^ 7f%§T cF7% TTHTT ^ yRi^T -Jtdiit % 7TTSI-7rT?T ^ ^dddd f^RT I diw«i ^ vj-el'il ’TTTtT Rr5Rrai7 aRidug ^ TPft ^-srrspff ^ >3TT5Rft % sfS %

^ Tffer W7T f^RT I

2ET7^ 1924 ^ qi^ sfl% ^ >54 215 qq^-qR dRldHIg %

TRqPT ■3TT5RR qTt*T f^RT 1 ?71cf>T 3|sq WT^rq ji<i^d %

1937 % «fT5 qR Ml Rid qr^f «FT iiRicq qR^R % 2F2ff q7 'SIRTT rff vi--6l4 g,'ii«ri <|Mt41Ri % '315iq

?tqR %-5il&i'J|qi'il 3Tf?RFT ^ ’jRiqir gOTRIlfr ^Riqq TRF ^f TftRtcT 71§% qq felT 1 d5^di< 1944^ 7T^ 7r%R ^ miR^ti qr^f qq jqqfqqiT^ ‘sf^ftr qifq^’ qR w ^ qrq hR^^h % Tqq fr ^Ttq^r qq4 ^ gq: qRqrftTT ^ ^ \

^RqR ^ gRdd ^fq % gq^ trtt % Rt^jrt qq ^rgqOT qq^ ^ gq«5 fiRisng qqf qRq qR I ?7r TRR cTÊ ^ftqR % gp7 qq 3TTqf ^ rmrc^Rra->3TTqqFT qr I ?7r% sn&j'îf qvf RiMtqi arrqf % ^ if trzj iR-siwîl 2^ RiRia sRisf % ttort qqrqi waifyji fcTTRft’ 'SrfqRR mIr îRiqi #5 ^ qSTl

Snqq sRis'ii§ R( ’̂q ^ qqTq ^ SRiNûwl qjfqRR qq 5RfR 'BTT^Riqi dRiddi§ qqiTFT I qq TJqq q^ nsm ^ STRq, q^ST, %77r sfR qqrfsqi % q^ q^ qRT dRnRid ^

I FR ^ % cfrqf % w RisSiid q>f ■siHdNi Ffqr i

^ftRR % qTFFT RtM % Rr iiA qq R7iq?r qm^ qr itfr afR q?5T R>

SJl-^di q^ 2E2qqT 5 Rfqqq anqqqqqqfr arrqf % aRisl qif arqR ar^ltq qqrq <,o4 Riq ^mIR ferr i qRfR .• gfeqrq % Ri-sia qq qRrqiqq Rrit RidA 5§q7 R^ ^-^qcir % aiRdw # qqqTi qqr 2171 sRs-q^s'id % arfqRfR ^ qqT’q ^ TfRqR R nedi ttstRh Rrtt qqr qr 1 ftfT didiRiqi afR anRlqr ^

^ R^t qR cR Rqrq^ qqiq qqR qq qiqqH sriRra’qr I

afr7s« TRF

R <RRid

'inild'i q5t gRqq

^RqR qq arqRt qq R qiqR qRdi qRiaRqR ^ Tnq Rqif qq Rqrq ^ Tir^ ârr Rt Tff.qq. aRqrgTT^ % ^^cq ^ sRF-qjFqq qiT qq? THdiRtth arfqRR ^ gRqq qq? R 41 Rid 7?qT qiRq i tri ^RqR qq arq^t ?jq ^ qqq?r ijf€f fRrt qRraqqR % Tqq Rqi? qq Rqiq ^ Hfi gafi

571% 7R?q qrq ^ q? q^R R5 iqfT g;qq? 41 Rid TFqr qiRq 1 arq

50 Self-lnslniclional Material

^ ^ ^ ^ arw^ #ft 1949 sfe g^'hS'm ^ ^«aT #f BT? ft.qJT.%. ^ iN^lfri if 5rt?T W f^RxRT I

SWT" *f/<rt ^ 'HlRl<4l ^ ■sft^twf

<4Sj1^ ’TRfT if

^^l^tilti îiInqiiKHch

NOTES=r|p; aTRf?R iciy^n d',-ftir ^ -Hf^jcfrfgr

OT ^ ff^RpT afiT ^-fcjfÎ^ cPTT % -Jiifaql % arf^f^R ^ I % ar^ pjrarff^ ^ arfjf^FT 1920 % ^pj) ^ ^ ^ f I ^yci)-44i4k1' % %Tn7 tHT% arspiT ei^rpr ipfr^ cfp% % w 'ItipRff -Jiifd sft fuKi^ ^ cpf t^'lqiK I 1910-20 % ^§TeR if fs|&K % apJT (^JT'l«l)

^ ^rsn cET fcRfy feji 1

TRggqi<'ii siiIhî sn I jn? ^ ap5j^ iTfr^rj^f

rPIT '^Rql

a'&l^ ■p'T % -JiHlqKf ^ %W «R% ^ 5«ETT SRf^ I îT% SRT Tl'lHi ipj =Fff ^ 'ft ftlfftlfft>m I arr^ ft afftfeift, i3W ^nfft ft> 'j-wfftftf % flr^ Rqiqnl ^ "tt itpi ^ ftf^, ^ ^ ftrjftft ftr ^ I t|K*qR=h ^ TRPT îrft ft ipTT^ ^ % q)i<''i 'Sw aftr f^cs^ 'JiiRiql %ft^rftfes w 11?^, 1925 jftt fft^ ^ ti<q>i(l fftftftft arpft an^ftf ^ftf îHiDicti ftgtrR ?nft %ffttr gftr, <i<ft'ii ^ gîTTOTg^ f^rat % icnwr aiw cft vjîy fft^ ipir 11 g'gfft aifttj; sjttw cfpft

^flft ?r?TT 'g-'tqllftql % aiW rHF iTTT SiiTiRch ?PT aTR % cRPT gft -Snft cfpft ft iRT cfR^ jfR^T^fft^l^ft RR % ftg ^ 11^ tftjm 1

^ftwigr ft) ITFRRT SRT ^TR gSJR : 1920 % ft RfR’ aflRfftf % T3?gR ft? fftiri ?IRnF <lft ft?

ftf flctq rRIT

ftp Pirft ft) tftR 'J'^lft fftip '^llRiqT ^ ?S1T «lft gJTRft #T â^PR «f?Tft ft? RRT ft ftfef? ftRFRf afR c;?ftcf?R^ 5?t ftpiR 'F>Tft ft? ftr-imtFft ^ uflif^ft fftipi i pt? ft ?p rrtt^t^ 3^nft ^ ^rrft sraift ft? fftR

arfft aqM ^ atinBid fft)qi ^tr apift «ftT ustrtRtp? ftpr ft? pîrt ?ffft§TcT ?fft %-srT?Fff ft? fftiR

aTTaRTrT cPT fftPT 1 ?3i^ alfldf ft? iftyiddl Pft FfFRTT «lft I

fteft anftRft ft? aftftftRT ft? RfftRT Rf^RRfftFT ft FR3 FfcTT t fft? ?Rft fftftcjtblft

aiiaqi^Tl gsjR y^Riqi dR*iRid ?ft I IPPft îHdi aftr ftPTcFT PSRT ft 'JiF«d PT

1:1ft fftf^ prf % 9T?ft fft^ qrftf ^ fftftftf ftiftfftfftftf 1:^1 fft^ pft ft? RrjI srt Rft pt

fftFRft? RRîfftp? ftft ^tfftp? ftftt ft? RTST-RT^T

aiklcid PFf PRR gft ft ijftf ftft 'Jd< RRR ?ftr arftSTT «Fftt aftftp? UTFTP fftftftt ft ftfft)R Milidqi'Tl 'iNdiaft tftf aRpfftp? arf^cqfftd ft? cfrp 5r arffttîftf p?t pip -nfriqitO afR TRnfffftp? ftt ppt ?tt ?ftt P>nRT vHifft'id PTPiPiP?PT afR Nflid^q (lafftlid p?t ?3PR garr 1

jtJR P?lft fft)ft I gifw'il c^f R(fty«h RRT pft

prfftftt pft fRF ?apft) TnftftT Rft ppf SRT %PT ppt i afRpf^tjR prr

“?PdiqT PTPiTft dlchRqf ft sfTKrftf ft? pq)lfftq)l< % P?Rip pft

RSrt

RPTRT cRft PP fft?PT 2n I RRftftr RPR ft? cF?irR ppf ft? IftlR PRcTT Plftf ft Riftp ?3PTP tftr ftffft PP PTPT ift?PT 1 PT^f ft fftsft PPf

ft? %p RTP?rft aftr iRffîP? ftpiaff ft 25 ft ss ?ifft§TfT ctp? aiRfftp P?Tft P?r prt ^?pt i phpt pi^f

RTP?R ft dlcbdPT ft? RP? RPRT, ftf.ftt. qsd ^ aRPSRlT ft Riasi pft aTRftp pft Riyfftd ?^r I qsci aTTPfP

'ft? fftip 5I fftpffftr 1ft?q PR ft I

?jRdT

Self-lnslnictiomt Maleriat 51

I

!. ^ i^Rnina tfiT^ % chti'lR^d PiyfRa 'ti<HI I

2. <lHlRl«h ^fR frsrf^RR ^ «Fif % fc[cFRT % RH^ 'i*l's ^ '*>'5hI ^

R(y>iRî cRRTT I

3. i'fll'M TR^T SJijllRld ^ ^ îlTSff ^ ■3TTTOT ^ TPTRRT ^ -JiTq cFRTT

f^FRf Riai cpif

4. ^3^ 5RT SfTRT ?rsif % -STraiT TT RhIc ytâ •sfR TRT^ ^3^ '3f^t11< RlHilRÎ^ I '3trRt % ^ TFTT «miRich -aik Ihri^ ^ 11

3nf^ cit’Tt cFT iRT ’ft % 1 ?rjyr ^juRt timif^sti ^ftr frarfft^ ft fftsff % ftt ftftf vTlfft % fftR 3TraTW f^RJT ^ ticftai ^ I fts^ ’3Tlftftr cfft fti 'SijtiK ftr-f^^-fliRiql tiBd 3ij<^RinvriiRiql ^ftr ■si^tjRja 'Ji'i'JiiRi'il' ?ft ’thtT ^ ^jRRnpiT,^ 52 hRrtct ^ 1 -sTraftr ft

RtyîR?! cftr fft) 52 yldi?ld vHdl dlBii I 3|iql‘l ft fft’^T 'iHNi cf?r —

1- ftt ftftl ftft^cTT % -STraiT TT dl«hft ^ ft Tift ft 13^ 27 SffftSRT dlchR4l TT 3IR?Fr fftlTT

^HI-»l¥U« '<^

3TT^«T

NOTES

^12. 27 Tfft^M 5RT ?nft Rift TT ^ fftir ^ ftpjT sfltr |

3. OTftftrT T>RT Tfft ^ ’TO ftt ftRl Tft ^ 3TTRi fti fftR ?ft STlft ^11%^ ftft 5«iT9TO^ ftt 31R?Fr ft 5dMl dlift^ 1

4. 3i^tjRld 'Jllfddl -fttr ’3lj<jRjd jR-TOfftrt Tft rR? ftl fftuft ftftf Tft ’ft ■STT^ ft ^ ^ ■Jllftl ^1%'^ I

TRftTlftf, ft^ftRl ^R TT^T TOinrft ft d6Ndl TITO3TP1T I

5. 'STTOTOTT

6. ITT fftroiftsif «ftt Iftroifftro ft^ to«rr ^ trtor TRft îftfti? iTR iftu^ 'JllRl4l' ft ^ fft«TT TT 3R1R RliTT ^TRTT

T ^jfHT TOfftr I 27 afft§TO -SHTOW TTTOfft^ I iftljft WRl<gld ftftBftftf 3fR ftroiftf ftftt ft) fftn^ TOTr SIT I ’TRftTT 7RITTT ft ftTOTOcTT) TfftlftT TOft ft)fftrr ^TiftRi ft ftraft siftf fti TOf^ i3ssrR fti ftiq ’ft gsrro iftq t

TRTOT ^ ft! TO^ftl fttft =lft TOSPR ft *nftlTR SIT ;3?Tft fts^ TOTRi ^ fftT)lR?ff Tft ^fPJ_ TRft TT TITT fftlTO SR I ft5T ft TOH-TORT TT, tftftR ?;T ft ^3tR Tft§T ft fftft«R 1989 ft Tift ft) SfiR'T Tftftroft TT -stkRfi gR ftfftro ftrro: ^ftr trt TRspift ft fn ft^fft Tft t^Rfr tr Rrit IftRispi RiRdi4dHlRict) ■sfR flfftsF T5T ft fftBft gft ftftft Tft TfttTlR SR fftTO I5ld<4)l RiRdl4 dlHl!^«t) sfR ITRisr ^ ft

RlwS ^ ftRfr Sjft TlRTlfftSB TRIRTOT Tft ^1^ ÎTO ft ?hRTO TRTT SR I

4.5 ^d4l ftH" (Origion of Trampled Consciousness)

’ftftvl -Blfft^ ft Trftftl SPRT ft ’TRftftl TOM ft Tftt ^R Rld4f^4! Sfft îviMK fftRR I ?R-SITRIRTOT Sift ftffT ^ fftrw ^ ftftf S^ Sfpftt ft fftpft, TOR fTOPl ^T^’TO RT sl^ TTOSlSBrft ftT ft g-SR I SRlfft Rlfftsf) gsnroft ft TORR ft fttfftsR qRclftR RT ftR Rftf jftiR cTSlrift TTRFR ft) '3ftRTO ST ftfeT ftfftr Sfft TTTORTjft 'jTld'i SET Rift T?Tfft ^ TOfft ssiRRT vj-Jti'K fftroi -sttr TiPFisriT sift ftr i sfto ft trt

^ RRtR sift TOlfftR SR^ ’ifftri 'JiiVlci'lTft TRT RFTSrjft Rff sff I ?Rft ÎTO-TTO ftft ^ftR-fttsf SR iftftsi ftf fesR fftl^ RF filftR ftfftT) RTRTO

52 Self-lnsiructional Material

^ (fiftfl 2IT 'Jt6if=ti 3n% ^ ^ îiHi[^ch-3nf^ ^ t, rift 3iTf^ ^ ’n% ^

11*1c(vfl;iK'J| timil^ch-tllt^lach '3iig1?T1 STT j(lfrl<jl ^ ^ ■slflfll

H’TR’ % chwV ^Pif ^ ^ 3f5jf^S«}RT ^3frT tb4=hld % 4‘iafll

fqchiti cR^" 3flT flmiivich % Rio^ ^-^3T^^^ÎH 'Sra^T ^ I

ch?W

NOTES

-sffr -SRI <lHlfil«h '^<1^41 ^ I4t>-S ctilHch vfT^ 19 ^ % ^SrRT^f ^ TT^^TT^ ^TSTT

5 % IHTR I TW -sfk[■3in^

jc4l{g41<^ I- 5ii&j'j| wiîxrti I ■RFRi^ 4 ^% “wr?Tto) ynM” ^9l5J''i 3^^^# gnifll !fr I 3{%F fcrfrsrf % v3-5?^ ^ # '3T^ %

^ WFRT ^ I ^ 4t=tW)fM'i ^ftr f^RRrf <i‘ifta 1 ?^T% IPTTcJFI^ clâ 4t gRki

% ^ ^ I

H?ra ^ 4t 4t. 'TfRJ, ^ -JIlIaqiQ % fqo<ia -JliqM ^331^ ^ TTl^rft^

•STcRSlT =^l '3TtT HTnt «5Tr f^TR fcK^ | 4ltl4l % ^JTR’T 4 FTFft % c;Rqal ^ jjRki

^1 ^ t^(^ld” 'R '3TRITft^ 1%^ % RRRfrR ^ SRf, ^ft tiiyKîa:

^ sit 'jiI41M

33% 3T3 ^ srnr snrft I, %t fitrit “?W’ ^f

dPiddig ^ “sf^

5^t%% %“^3TW3y3 t” JET %^t % 73IT g’STT I '3Tsn?M’ 33%^ ^ ^TW ^'Jiklfl'l” 11 <l*1l*«ll4l nqcftl % t<4«t-i ^cI%R” qtliqi

R 5fl%3 %t 3T?r I “ste ch'fl'iH 3n41d'i” %3?3f|^dVjR4, f^y^-sftrfl^ 4^fri, f|^

?j4 #t 3TRT % ?2n3 3T sfîf 3M, sj4 jftr 4<^Rl rrar rrr” %t îmi 33

STIOT t<JR

yw f%yT fjra%t ^R3 HR'Jiffl “srf^ q>''i'i*i” 3Tf%?FT 33 Iqqiid 11 sft 3 %y3r sRl? titîri 3

Sf^ till'd qRqi Sf^ TT^ ^ <î4’ii %t 'H4'ii 323 ctxai ^ I

3TKt33 % î«qi41 y3R %tT 37% %%fr %st3 33 % 3isii5J'J| '3TT%33

<S%d 3n|^ 3^ I -sitiTlPlch fcl^TO, 3753R3 f^2T7 J'

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%t 3W7

%t RTF ^ ^ 3^3 3iT 5^ %t 33^ 3%% % -373% 5^ ^ ^ ^ I

%M t “373 §]3 a7f%33’’, dHtdHI^ % "377% 3%? 37f3t33", 377=?J -it “377% 377^ 37%%3" rT3T %Rr ^f

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3%^3 %333%nt 34t 37t 33 33 %37 33%t 33^ “fsitw 3^773 3^3^973 41 <115^” (l928) 3^ t3lH3I

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s5wl<g4lq 3i7%%7371

73773777 y7%r % 3?3T^ 773T^%3j 77373777 37t 7517337

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^ ^ ^ ^ îf^ld ‘l5Tt( ^ ^ ^ 3n^5fTT ^TT^ Cj^ “'vlcia ^2R” % ^ ^ fl'ifio fen % I “fiRia d'lO-T ^hm ^ îlTf^ cqq^l, ^pffe?,

fes 3)ff^ nr aTRirftfT ^ >3TT^cjTTnT| l ?feT arffeR’cST 'STR’TJ©!

^WTSTTITW ^

NOTES ^ ^ ^T siRff ^ ?fe 1^—

Snf^ q)4q)i'JS sfT^m cl^f5 ?BT fcITRI, ^TOT1.

2- I

^fer 'STRfer cj5f «Er feiW cPfr ^ ^^RTT13t«i% -srr^ fer ^jMfeF fet^ gc[ ^ ■srnaife^ 46<7i tt jrrspft % tinudi thttcrt^nF ■3T^FTr ^fer^ Rnfr t sfR ■^T ^ ;3^Rn tl'iod gfe 11 -STT^f -sffT tîfna «^qt<Jl % 5lf^ feRJ cPT ■3PTT^

^3vTPR 3)T% f ffe^feUW ^ ^ ■SiiVldd e)?f I WRh ^ ^ cit '3T’7^ 9^ feff

I qtR ^

^ l-T^ ^ ^ Tt fen 9^ 99 9RIT fe? 3T99T ^ % -fer fe? % anfe

9?f fe^ 9fer 99> ^ '3?rfe 9)t if Pietid^ ^ 9if niiTH'jyf ^ #T ffefe *Hi£qH ^ ^ ^ ■srfe

ife 9^ 9F9R 9999 9)T^ 99 WH 9i^ 11

51

9fer diRw 99 vH9fe 9ST9 ^ftr 9?9r I’STT ^f99 99T “9fel fel” 9999f % felW ^fef -STKfer % 9Pnjfe ^TT9§f ^ '3ftT 9^ % did 1 fe^ <x|R3 t|i 3ijdK, ?9^ xflfiT % 9999 9T^'3T99R % Rd'S ^rfer x?n9T 11 9^ ^99199T % I 9R99 ^ “9fer oTRfeT 99 9^1 ?ffe % §fef if ‘'^^|c|(l ^ 999 % I W felTT 9it ^9t^ ^91995 9ifef9 9ir dsi^ ^ -STn^fy ^ -39^ I '3995995 9T9 9F ^ ciRtd

'dildql ^ ^■Si^did 9)TT9T xiiq fe i sfrfer, 'ftfer, ^5999551 ûdi % ff 'Srffer ■sin f sffr 9iHi[i9>' nffefn % 59 29995 ^f99 ^ vatil ’ft Pif^d 11”

99R ft ^feft9ft % efrftf 9)f 99R ft d^fqa 5dt, 9? 9? “<qdqi ft fel9T9 3f9fet9 9 3Tft9t9 ^ #T v39R9T % 1 didlM«h ftqft ^ 319% Fflft if % fei ^tr F9T ^9T ft I 3TR Sflftr % 99 -STfelTn 9ft % 9t9 feft 99T ft ftffeB -39919 9T 9^ 5jnfft % -3TfejTT9 9ft % ftftr feft 99r ft difieh -39919 9T \3W ^nfft % -STfenra fttftf if 999T 9T 39 99 ft I 599T ftf 9ftf 5Jc9 ^nlft 99 995 ^99199 cqRkt ftf 9T9Tfef5 399T9 9T 3T9ft if ?9ft 5991 99399 ft ift

59ft dj^fftd 399^ it 3fft?9 =h<dl ft 9^ -Jiifdftl ft) 9ft ft) ftt9 '3T’Tftt 3(1 Id ft) 9S99 -sftT fe9 9ft ft5 #ftt if -JlldlM 9T99T it ^9R2R feftf xTlftr ft> 99-3ftft3nftf ft5 fe)S WI95T 53ift 99R ft 39Tft 97I9T

99 999 95^ ft ftfef 95T ftft ft 1 'S’ft 99R ft 39Tft 999T 99 RT9 9TR 95Tft ft ftfeT 95T ftft ft ftftteidd ftfejftf xnfeft ft 53^ 9ft ft5 dl'l 3T9ftf xflfft % 9S99 9 fe9 9ft ft5 ftfe 9ft >3^ -fliftlq 3ftft-j|ld'l % fft^ ftnfer 9)^ 539ft 99T9r9 99 95jft 999 953% ft5 fer 99% 953% ft I 9919 ?i9 ft ?3T 9939 9T39 ft 3TT9lfef5 95ffft ft 9ft-3T9% it ’jfftnn xflftf 339% ftcft 91 3ftt ft I %fe dftid

^nfft 139 fe9 xTlfft 93 ft^ 3n9P99: 3Tfe5n9 9% ft5 fttftt i ftt 399

I9, îd-ftlql -dddl i 319% ft ?ITfeT fttft it 5399% ^fft99 99

99 3Tfef5 2353 ftt 5jfl9T39R 9ftt fer 9139 I -99 ddl-d ft ?9 99% 99 itft 9T ^35 9T9 3f2^ 9ftt

% 95^ 39ft 53W 59Tfft, 9^219 ft 13Tfe3 339% ft 9595jff3 9 9ft9 fttftf

%fft9f9ft3?TT9ftfftt9T3fttftl


4.6 (Environmental Movement) VRflhl

«fr ■3Tf«rf?R -ST^ HTRlf^ e}5f TTPjtl^ chi4qis<lT % ^SÎFFT^ $iliHri ^ I d^yiPlcfi TTcf fllchaiBi«h cF>r ^ % cf>PJ^SRT nRîIîa ^ %'Ttg

PiT(î ^ % 41 sn ^ i^cF % i ^ 4tiiy4[ ar Rraa^,3fR HlRR«jR|ch chWH ^g'll

% afrî^ f4aa I, tfaffe t cf^ «f5ia?r riai aarftRr 11^ Riwja I ?a 3?f?fwaf srt

^ jtt% aa aâr nawai aa fsRrâ a^ 1^ ^&'a<

NOTES

'JilRf«h> w

ara^ aiî4a> aaraaf ar Htat % -sTRiaaT arâar âir 4)aa ^ yiaar aftatr, -arra-aR % ara 7¥% aa4t aaarr araa aafara aasff Rraaf ^ 1972 ^ wlaiBla ^f

I ‘-sTRit % asffaiaraa aafaw Rfaa^ ajaaa^ aa? “ffta arfataa" âr RRaearft âa aaar aa aar fîa^ ana a^ Icrsa % %?r ?afta ^ ?a%

a aar ar^Raa ‘gRa arRRalcn^r’ araar ‘^Ra OTafaa’ 1jElaat R &HKI ?aTaaafaaa a4aiRRaRrait -snaâa a^ 4)Rsd 1 aiafe RbdM ^raar aar^ R Ri^BiRrai arar aa a?r %, aafara -sraar aiRRaRia^ afaRR ^Rtar ar aa ?aR ■sra^f

-jfn 2o4f a^t % aaa^ a ^ an ar^ 14 ■srfaRR a âa ^Rrakt \iTi<4lRidi % 3^ ar ^ ■srf^ fâr aiRRaf^ f^jaaf ar ^ saR tbRsd an^ ? 1 a? a^R % antRiai -srfaRR ^Rrt? ^fR aaa?!' y^Ri aa <'ji41fd4l % Ri&m R dîsl tttR a^ 'npi<d I; 1

Wcf #’ - 5^ 3^ ‘/era

aafa^'3TiaRR aai aaait anaa) sna % Riaaa ara: RtaiR a^ aaf % aaa # 5^ a HiRR«iId'4l'4 3^?TT R ^ R amfla aaaf ^4 Rfarat % RfRna ya)i<f aa a4a anR 3a aa?iR % Rn? aata 1%aT arar % 1 ^ aaat % afiaRf^Rra) aaa ^ ar<41<j a aaiRnFiRaf snr sTâiRta? Riaaa aR^sra aRaa aiFiT ^ âataar tra aa ar arTairf aais ^ 11 ana aafaaa arfaRR ^ aarRr aa aaa acj ^jarna^ % afaia ^ ^ Ria^ arfaRR (1973) R afRr ar aaarr % 1 a^ga: ‘aar a 3n#% asia^f R w # aa a aa Ig aRiaaff % ^ aRa? aaR ^ -aaR gâraRRafcT aa^ft Riaaf a^ aaiar, ^ aa aara^ ^ agaiat % aRraar, ara ^ gâ-aiRa aafaaa aRataaraff a^t RRaan, Rianaa a gaafa aaRt aaarrR '3ttR’ i

R a^'Snataar anar f 1 ajakpitTR aaaT a?r ^rraâaRTaf it araiRa a^ ^ R[a>ia ainf 3^ %itt anR^ -snraa w ■siR ^rrgRia) gTffar^t aaag^ ân an^ ^ 'SmaR afR 'SagRra? ’jjjRn^t cFiRg^^t ^ aaaaa anar TfT RraR aafaaa % i^âar att^t ^R aatRr agaiat % aaraftaRa ^ ^fR siga Rsar 1 ana ^ TiRfta aiaS, ^raiTT^, a^Rra ât ^rrfe aa aaiar ttrt aRTTraa aafar'aarcf aa amffa iFar R ?a sRR R RRfr a?r ar^r sj%aan aR 4Rr ■sfn Ra RiRi«jdi a5t t?tt an% % ^3^§a R ^

ar^rfaa^ Raraaf aa aRaaai aRi % aara

’anfta aaraa^ ■sTpaRR TsaRrRsfrar tirt srt 3T

R anaRzR I ?a wnraa aalaaa 'SkRr R ‘aRaf % aafaaaar^t’

aaR aa ga4R aaRaRt anar ar 1

Self-Insiruclional Material 55

^ ^ ^ ^ STRTTI '?^rf«n’^lf^7f % 'hdi Wi41*j yjjQN

ff yiÎci«h yyiw-if % ^rftTSFT ^ \iHycKi t «wlT^ yi^hl vjTH-jIlfqni ^ ^ tiaci «<)l'i

ch<<î % I \Fl=Er rf^ SIT wtiiy'if ^ Pi<n< vJh41‘I ^PlfS'^ld sh<^ % I?i^ y^Ji'ia 3iRjchK 'STzraT WTTIW 'SiRichK 'JUdl ^ TT^SRT^J^ iil'l foTTi ^cFT ’^t HMdl ^jlT^ I fl'Riyid: ’TTTd’ 3TRt?R yiÎd-î -STT^t^R fltiiydT Sf

SPTtrr % WT ^FT|fe % 3^ TT ?ZIR WT % 1

M 15^41 ^?ff % [ctyOd, 'TTTTT ^ Hqfq<'J| 'SuGld'Tl' ^ '3TPTH?TW SIF ^^ ^ 'id^l ■sfk '3leil4Tf«ld vRTTTSITTW ^ ^ sit 'TsrfcRW ■3i«nfrl 5TTT 4t^ y»iiJ«id

^ •j)tiqi vsti^ viifychK ^ I ?TT ?nF>R ^ 3? ^ ^ FTT^t^T d^'iN ST jit4t % HST^ S^t TR^tfitSB

■'T % f I

«HI'fl¥ll« 3^ W*Tlftra> 3TT^Mn

NOTES

% ’Tsjfsnr'l '3Tf5f^ ^ ^ ^ '3Tf^ vsy^l'i ftSF% #T

TfpftTT TTef ^ aTRcT ^'TSrfsR'T >3lf5l?R % ^tWT SITT ^

fsrsTTTSJTTr Sicf ’TT -STT^tRsT f I 5TSTH TJSRTT^ % fll3 ^STTST ^Pif^qa ^ %1%sk 3nsT?qchdl "TT «ra ^ ^ I 3^ ^ ^ TfftftsiT^t ^ fTT

'3n^9sjcEcn qrq^T % I 3? qit jjo^n: *<i«f4di41 -Snn^ ¥ I 3^^ ^ 3? ^'iWnri «lit «i«ht'7id f Riîf

fsRSff •3TSISTT TT3?rat % FRT vTlrr ^RftPTfeff TTr^^rnT I STf 'JJR ^ ^SllPlcftT % f^THT fciqTTt ^TSTSTT dg'jm'l % FJSRRT yqidl sfjf gcJiS

qq Him sfiTqr 1 §d4 qRrr

qr sfErf q^f, qq^qrq m q?r jsrqr ‘^si^ 3w^: q affqr (2004:257-58) t # q^ dif^<hi qr q^r simi ?tqT 1 ■sriq^ qft 5^3^ aiRH=hi qr ^ qqfqqq îi^ln-iT % 3^,

q qr trcR t^^qq sid-ii yidPiHi ?tqT ^ qrrw ^ qq qq? q^ i

^fqqf — qq q ^jPr >flitiiRd

^ I^FTqq q^?q Ftqr t*ii41<j ^3^ ^ ^ qrrqr ^qqr^ qqiqqq qq qritl^qf^ aqqtTrq

5^• qq titiiw-iT qqj q^q qii -sif^tqiR

• yijfrich qqrqqf qq %-HiRiRqq) qqtq

• 3^ -srq^Tq ^ qqrq'

• qrqrfîqi qiTq/qiqq 3Tfîq>IT

qiftqq)^J^T^TW — RiHCfil

^fîqr — ^3^ tidiqq ^q qr^q ^qW, q^Fi qi^ 1

>3^W7W — %T?T % H<H<Mia ^ H)i4<a Tl^fq q^^TTTT qq, f4<4«hi qqT-sft 'J1i41'ji*i, sftqT

^fîqr — îfWtRfqi q^qqi

ai«a'Js/qwT

33^ — 3jf^ ^ »§;<¥“/ ^JWT, 9lfailS I

oTTjfticfq^ 3^ qx tiTR q% 'Syl'l %

tqrqiF Ri«ik s^t ftqrqrq 1

U?T?7W— ^%T qtqf, ÎFIT W 3?^ qjqfefi ^ ?R5T q^?n «hi<(gi4 % fcid^

onol^Ti, ^rar, qsqq^T % ^rmrqr 3^ % ^3^ ^ ‘HiRtq< ^qq qqrrqiqr si<i qrqy q^r %

y-jH''! % fsR)^ -STTqt^, %T^ ^ q^f q^t RlHiem qq% % 3TTqt^ I


ÊT ^ Ripl{ —

»<Ma1<J Hlflqi1l<M«*»

SiraliTTT^, fqtoiRnf^ sigiwl HiRR«JIrish tigni %7rr ?TT^ nil^rM hRs(^SITF ^ ^l€l ■3Tf5t?R, ^hI'-i ^^3fr 3TT^trR,

Rell sfw fsRTsff nPifa

TT^ ^ Hiniy’T ^ yiiii-tfi qt^jRT^, «hl'4nl HRq'l'flti jRrf^ Îrl l

NOTESR&d % Rgnish Siiiltn, cfifsfr ^fssF ^tsjtpf ^5^,SRT

‘iR‘il'Ji’11 5^ — hiRR^Ri^ yr^fl’i, îtylni -sfR iîqlî, TJEg" I

^ ViiK Rgciiqj ^PTfrT ^ ^-3TKIrR, f^?K ^ ^ ti'yci I

«gR|sh4 5^ — MiÎriqi cRT fRi 1

jq/pr"/ — ^ gr^f ^ 73H Rlft<s 'hR41'JT1I, ^ qTwi^-i ^R-RR>^ stklrn (WTc«Ft qRq'l'Jt'ii) I

srraiT-5^ — HiRR«Îd«h tigni, 3^l#fT I

^ dsj/prw - qiRiqiHfl ^ ^TR t^?R ’TtfST’T I

^^-41^*1 ’SPRTR^ TT^ -

— fsR^TITRf, 5#f2JT^ qg g^rafiT, v«l4)fqchf cJW I

3?7F7’T —' % 41*ii!isb< ^ ^ #jnT ■’ftft "TT^, sRI^ ^ gRki 3TT?frR I

>J5/P<“/ -• «fW’3Tt ■Siiqlni, trfF3t I

H^-n 5^ ~ RIWIM'I tiiVîfrl^ qqwiq, nmilîqi |<i§4l I

<i‘l4’i rfff^niPT, ’tM)R«h shlJqi^ ^ ^5^ I

— HTfllW ^ ^ftf^ f^l^ST, SiRJcR ^ TT^Rl iTFfe g<f qr’TT wf^-#T, gf^RRT y^lyn, ’tRtOT, fiT?Fr ^^<14 'SmiTRrr TjrfsR^ 1RRR, 4i|fs|^ m a«hTS(FT 3?lf^l

Û^1?7W — FRJJ ?IFT tiRiRl, sf^ yiÎriqi tRi yrlai M3R, ^ yqlq^'Ji shiJ^ll JT, JRT îR«h nRiIa -STlfe I

/

', ^frlrT Ri«hi«i, Ri«hitl % yiRRofrl^ f^, y la‘til, rti'ia,5^- ^qg sfiîlRicfi IoTraRf

^ ■'ffq Rife {■sR^TFirR’ qiT qtq) ^ftwq (SOPECOMM) ^rft ^srt sraPr, Risim357PW —

I

w <??«•<

-aiklrn ^ gso^Ri R auRfe, WHfeR #T aitÎrlqi HSq 3fR qiRsF a*iiRa 11 %

^ qiRsF I ^ viiH'flqiil ^RRîT % f I ^nrfer % ^ ijpffer, rn^%?R, trt, RrRt,’jRi^'1 ^ sffqw vjcllsq ciR^ t, qff ^ qiF s^t rRF srRt «ir^

11 FT TIW ?ffWf #7 ■3WqRf % Rr>S gRT#B Slfep, aiyi'^jqi'O 9TRR ^ 4Rrf ^Trft I «(TT

ST^BT qRI yrllsh qi, aig5iRl«h qqiai W ’ft I

tllH'fll

^ I q¥ 'i'fi '3T^ 7TTFT, 9TfeT affTelqn

awKlT

Self-lnstrucliona! Material 57

'Jik'I'th cht ttiHifii'^1 '3TtM^ -Jn’cltuT Pra 11 ?^nf)T #^11 %

^ ?ff^, ?RW, PlticbHd Hîsqitfl I % ?TnH, cTT ■sfh’ ^ ^ \3N^ ?t% I ^ 'jflqi

cF>T ■3TTSITT % I % 'jilRiqii % TTraW 11 fcR^ yRi^ qgy'Jii 5>r fcTÎR I % ^

HHI'Jli'IlWI

NOTES'jF^TT ■sfR ^ ^kldd flHTeW % ^ ^ ^ qidi^ <1*^ cRT yfachKiwqi

y<94ld âiPtcb î4l'iiti'i % 9T^ ar!T?T 'fllq'd11 ?H ^F^RIT ^ PlVdl

^ t,aTt?f?R ^f^qi< ^ I W dl-^q 'il'iqiil THÎcIT % Rgdiqv TJsF qqiqfl tSf ^ y^l^ 5)1 ftvldl «RT^

-sriw^ elit T8TT % ^FJ.yqfqcJi Jlit W^TFTTaTf ^ ftfft % I"

V

feiT ^ I ^ ar^r 3^7%Eirfft % tlKl q?n^F)R

RiH«hl stkfft «Rr TfHn tfri ^ 3fR, ^ ^ ^ i ^ -sTFr 5ir 'STRt^FT ^ ^rit

’TTTtT % ^ «^t ^RFJT'Sff ^ ^ w “7W WT ^TRf 1973 ^ ^.IT. % tUni-d f^MT q*ilci1, -itiqid % H'^Sd

d<q>K 5RT 5di&iqic ^ iRF q>*^4l ^ ^?r (-3137) % ÎFRT ’Tf^ lllfr % 'JHq)<'J| sHT% % ^

^nN^T ^ SJT 1-^ qilyiqi [qsin ^ «R5 ^ ^ ^

ll■SlRTf^ RfFTiffcT If wrt 3TRTT I im 5r%$T cf^ TM % ^ff’Tt % 7>R% ^ I ^ ^

^ 3TF ^ ^r>TFr “qi^ % CFR% % f#T 5(1 ^ 311^ ^ PT f^rw ^ ^3^1^ 1«TT I"

f«R^ 31i«ld'i ’Jlfe'T ^ ^ ^ v3Ti<ng''s ^ TTTFlft 3fk q6i5< ^Tf|^3ff 11ff tRt ddqiK cR 5>5T 2TT % ^ clif dqisl 3fk ^ que^ ^ rft % ^ % Iqych cRt

T?TT ^ 1 c|j^l^ «rr^ SfpR^ iTf|^3ff % ^ cl^ gjT f^, ‘RIF FTRT5)^ ^ 1" diqthl 5R? tfcF ^ Slrft^ 151^ TIM FtFT 11 Flft % 3nir5I ^ <IF ^Ft^ 11 *iiq<bi 71^ %

I, Fr?tHiqqii

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'7^3ff % ^RT, 3fR f^RITT «IRîJcR yi^frlq) tq^ qidiq<î 3ITFrf1^ ^ I 'fTRIT^t

d^Jifd % f«R)RT % 2i^qi<l 3ftT '{'jUntaql' cl?! |fe 3f^ RT F|t I % 3TTf5cF clRT ^ ^ I

^ % Iqo^ cRT ft'qifdql % 3T^jft Siid'iqud ^ ^ 3Tf?f?R ft^JT SJTI ^-R^did qg^'Jii ?7r

^ ido^ t—“FTT if Iqychl 3ii'q1d'i % qqqiRiql % Î^f 371% §3 3ITtBt§T «I?f 3®^ I

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% F5)-6c^chl cift 3^, it^tT ^ 3TRlcFr #T dqidlq Sf^ dyfîf % f%3 clftFrT 'R cf^ JIRT e^ 1

3iiqld'i 5T 3FR 30 1969 5?! v3d<cbi§ff RidKH % 3TWHT FT 3iiqi4 fqdlqi ^71%% iiinqid IIRT RRFRf

Sikldd ^ cf?fl3' if ^ 33TT «n I

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3qq?l ft 3nrftt fftwr^” i 3tr’^ ft sriftw % ÎRI dd<d FftR 7?ft ft i apiftf 3TTcr?wwi3TTcI9WcRWT3ft, ftftjR, WW 3ffT WiFFT wft #t WFft ft 1 3?^ eJRft ^ ^ ft, ^^^3 c^ffftft *13^ ft fd'di 3ft? trft wwft W?t H6Tqiq)i?TT dcM'd cl?t I dd4) Wlft WT'F yÎd ftt I yiyldco d'did ftf I FTlft TIF^ 3fR 7RR TPRT WWT ^ dchdl WT fft> afijft WiT WfFl 5R Sjftf WWT 75RT qqfRb ft> otjdK3I^fft TRF W^ ft f^rawft ftwi #7 IWftWT WT THRU ft I ddchi 3rRIT^ diRfloq Wffft 3^7 TRTR %W?I '

58 Self-Instruciionat Material

V

^ ^ r ^ «RT^ cTT^ ^ efpff % 'jI'mI cfJT «4iNI 5)T ^FTT, d*<(l^, chHId

•^cfr^Rwrarr^f, 3Trjf ^ qr 6 ^Rtf ^ ^ t? w 11

f i vj|''li?fl ef^ qqs 5>? q-iqiRiît SJ^Rl ^ ^ ^TTfST^T ^ ^ ^

'SilVid'i fcTsq % qr cTT 1^ 15fwr q?!' % fliq q?Tf -sttr qq PiciiRiifi' ^ qqf

T8TT % %T TIfT q?T ^ I

^ TifT

'TKcftq wRiqiiitHehsrfql^qiltff qq ^ sj^ cFi qq«tpT

NOTES

^ ^ qf, qqfcHW ^jfrr ftqr, qqf ^<<fir ht

qqjf % ^ ^ qrq-qi5 ■^fn ^ % q^rq ’ft <<Jl'q>K Rkît i w IsHr fcjqqfr Sfisltn tpr q% -sTFriq ’ft

5TO ^ I ?q '3TT?t?H' % qcfi ^sri^tq 3Tf?t?rq ft qqfqr'q qft qiqr ^ 11974 ^ qrRni^ qfqqff 'SjiRicb qpff ^

7?TT % -îqld-i % 'STTrar 5t% =^t §T^?T qqfsq hR^k % qF HI4 q5t 5 THf) F^ qft =Hqi^ q ^ I W

'*w< T7IT qqr IF^ *F2i Rrqqft cRiTnfqrf’STt qq sztr RiR-jii -slh’ qrqftq wqT% %

^ ^ ^ #qT Riqq^ ^ 1^ qF^ qr^ # ^ qr^ Fif^ c^t sftr ’ft qqr 1 ?qqq ’ft f^fFi feqr .qqr 1qqr ^ dHwiaff qq ^qiq 'Jii«hI5n qq% % Rrq’qr-STqi^ 1974 qqt q5t ^tt^FPft fp srqqr qr ei7% ^ q^ qqqrq q^ 1 qqrqs^ % q’ftl^ % ^ ^ qq qtqq' qrq % 'trq; srft^ Riqq^'Ji'ifli sdî) Tsq qqq % ■sq’t 3q% q^ q^ 1 30 qf, 1977 qff feFft qFqicr ^ ^qw qr^t % ^ % qrq^ ^ % qr jM q5t q^ q5t #7 ^ ^ Riqq^ % 1^ qt qftt ^ qTft 2}f

>i(3is qR qqr 1

FTft qqq TF^fq TtTT % vrqycmST qjTiq'q, qqqq qq^tTiqiT, OTTqqf TTiq qft TSTT ^ Tl^tq •ST’ftqf qift «^t 1 FTT 'ST'ftTf ^ fîqqft ■SH^t^

qftqq'flfri ^ qRq^ qit qR^TT qfq 5^ qf IFTT 'ST’ffTf qq snqq 7R«h(<

qr eft 50*11 q^ qsi, qr ^q^r qr^t qft qf^Rq-sff % orqqioft qrq ^ qq2% % foTt^ qft ^ Rif^qq t^q[ q^ qqq% ^ ftcF^ % qq7?q 1 q^ ^ qjFlf qq -STsf I ^WR qq fm ^ #7 m^ft q^

qqjqr 15tflRiq # qflorr^ff % Ruchl 3(iVioi*i ^ qF-qqqTT ’qq R'rt ^ 1 TRqqr qft qqfqi^ qi7%

qq qiFT qq^ feu qqr

qq jTW ^ li q’ d*i5)i g5)ich( qqq

Rt'î'noi I! qqif&qqftqf q^ q%^qff q^ 7RFn% 'ftqq qm 1 Fqqq 5^ ^tratq % wfr f^Rqr 1 dRoii^ff % qjFT, ‘qr^ ^ ^ qi^ q^ ’j«aoi*i g-sq 1 q^ ^ q^’ qF STq^r qq qqF% qq

qqqq ^rRjqqRqf % htTi^ ^ft qqr 1 iRqft i978 q?i7q ^Rid % 50 qqrqt c^t trq^ gqift qqrfîqqRq! ^%qRt 5ITT ’qt % ^cFifr ^ h-jiiÔ % TRsqq % %T qj^ 1 Tqq t^qqf qF qiF^ ^ ^ Rmcq q^ft '^TF q^ Fq q%oqofr % jq: % qit q^ ^ 9 qRqfr, 1978 % q^ qqr t ^

qi^qqt qft ôii4t qq f^RfqfîqT I ?’% Rkwk q>T^ if qR’qiTf^ qqr I qiq^f ■srqqtFT qr^ftSHT

^ qqtît ’^FR ^■Ji'ioi qR-3TT=qRq % FRT

% Rl7>^ qt q^ qft ^Ri«ii*i qqi^ % Ri^ ^ftr q^ % f^qiRrqf % gF ^ Riîoii f^q>ra% qq qqjf qR 7^ d qqqr % geols qqR Rqr afk 7T7qq7 q^ Rfqsr FtqR q^ qft •fl'oii'fl qfr TfqRT FFTI TRqqr q 7RTT qq TTF qRq t % qF 4RR<jfa4t qtt ^TqqR qqq,qR^ % I FTft

^ qq 'SRqqfqr q>t TRfq? qftqR qiF qq qiTFITft ^ TFT 11 q^ qqqq 2500 ^ qqF% ^ Rfg RlRqo

q^ ^ I Fq% f^Rttr ’ft qq-sqqtTR ^5^ q^ 1 qgjqr 3ft qq 9, qqqft 1979 qq qrqq qr^qrqq TsqqiTT 13 Rqf qqi qfqq ^ qqr I q^qqrqrqqr ^t7RFft ^ftr ^fti^ ^ '^qt ^ 1 qqqft qqi qrft tft i qiq q^pqr % Riqqfr qiqtqq TTFqqr qqq 1 ^ qqq% % oiRst q^ ft^ feqr qqr oftr qq Tiq^ft

^ ^ q>qif ftcE^ ^ qqiq if I iq qqq7 % TRqqfr qTRfqi^

qq> ^qq Rrqqft qfftqq gq: qqnq Ftqraqq7

Self-lmtnictional Material 59

i

% HFtfcTT '•ff I tFTf % *T?t^ ^ ^Sff^ ^ cRTrin

^ ^ ^FIT, 'JiPi«Jl4 ^trr hi4\ y^fa ^ ^

% ?nr "77 ^ Frft % Plcht % =Rt ^ HiÎd«h m ^ 41hiR4i % jh^k % ^ di’id'difd 4> ^ aftr dMq 'JtRd'fl ^ TH^RTT % f^^RTT % f^ ^ '3iPi«ii4 ^ I ^«iit ^ >5?^ ^ 77 7r4t7 r

^TTTTT % RjM'TiI 'Sli'ild^ % 75ff 3Tt7 ^ TT^rT fîTT 1F7T ^lOdd % ^ rfl^ '4t -37777 7F77 7734t ^ I ^-tOdd ^ 7^ ^tK 77757 77 T^’ I fTT^ IdHthl 3ii4ldd 7^ 7^ fd41

fe 77t «fr^ ^ I 777^ 1990 ^ fdHcftl % %7T37f % 4|7T TTTTTt 3ii4ldd 777777 =wi[4i >jdddd ^ ^TT'T % f^77777% 3777ft ^ 7^ 7^ Flf^ tJTI 7^ sft I FTT 37f4t777 ^ 77 %77T 77 S777R fîTT ^7775t 3777t7R^ ^77 777 377777 7777 RRTT I W 71^ % 7777 14? “TFT? 7ft FfIT t?T 7ft TTcft l”

7F ^15777 77t TiTT^ 77^ ft Tftf^lTT 7^ TFT TfiTi

NOTES I-

7ft ft7)% 7ft % 77%%7^ dd+)M 377f^ 7TT7

^TTTft 3n4ld'l 777% 777I f^TTTft 37f4t777 7)7 ^JT) ^77 77 ^TT T^JTT % 57^^7F77

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777

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[cidiidi % 37T4t75TT 75T fem I

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F% 535ff%

. I

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TftTeRr 77777 FteTl f I 53FTFT57 4) f%5T, ^TeT % ?5jf^raT d^^N % eftft % -ikn'JI

3T7ft TT777t%75 7773% 7% «l«dl I

• 204t îdlstft %5 7?T7 F5T75 % fe4t % 7F 75tjd fe77 fef5 537757 3^ diHiIfd«h d'lOd FTTT dlff^53ft 7T% 537777 % 53e3R % f%3 ^ ^ 1 ^ ft 37337 f%577 W 77737 ft^lft % S7T7 ft

d’^JlIdd i%)7753fT7’| FTTeTTF 1910 3ftT 1920 %TTZT37%cFTft T7737tf%57277777%§f ^75ff%

33 %5 %ê7 %

60 Self-Jnslruclional Material

% I 5^ ^ ‘*lf^cil' tlftRi' ‘ici*i'ti ‘fipRT sBiH

(l97l) ^ ‘iBtni ti'iotl % ^Kqiil 5tit{l!fl'i 'iiR4f

^ fIT ^ P<''li II

• ’^R?I ^ ?nFi-?R^r ’TT sirsTT ^k'l'n f i ^ ■sfR s^f ^ ajs^t ’^t■ %fcio^ NOTES

«in slaw1eifr?ft ?n I ^ -srfTi^R sjt

^ 5-1 «hl <l\swi ^l«lli{l cfiT 20 ufclîn sft I ft?T ’^^ ^TTTtT % ’TPfT ’fff^ ^ -ST^

^«i <lvl4|j^ch ^ q'Fqa T737 ^rar p|<at \i*iq)l FtrIT

sn I

T?T t

• 20 'iq*«i<, 1916 ^ ■3Tftj«E cHF ^ al&^"l-fq<t4l sf^î'gIti-i ^ 3F*rg'3TT, ^ Haiti % 55^ 'iMiR'hl % ^ ?r^,

-TraT, ^ Rlift 5ZIFRM ^Rqit hi*^<m % TFJfT%W^T Pitiqx *rTTcT 'saitqi'Jlti<q>i(l HlqvRq)'W ^ tGIIHH I vJHthl tiy«K1 tjlfci^ll, ^-SI5J'J| qlq'JII-W ^

% arraFT 5^ ^ Rft 1RTT

‘iWiGh'l ÎSR

1. h1^«i

2. ti^q oii'^'ltn ^ ^l^'tî’Sff cBT cRT ql'iaii TFT

3. erf î-alnH % 95?^ ;3t9^ qtii5<l I

4. aRici 'Jh-gIgh ^ ■STR’R %% I

5. qq(q<''i <F>r HSt^ ^?

1FST\

• p}1^n, 2001, tilRlfiltlT'^, sgsf (I'f^hK'JI, 7/7pJcO, 3'v>/5w I

• •sil^'i, A %: 2004, /«/5« Tfhn^ ^ ^?tw »7^ pr

• Rajendra Singh, Social 'movements old and New: A post modernist Critique, Saga Publications. New Delhi.

• Ray, Raka, katzenstein, Mary, Fainsod Katzenstein (Eds) - Social movements in India: Poverty, power and politics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

;/

/I'I

Self-Insiruciional Material 61

«IHI

NOTES

HT^nn

5.1 (Objectives)5.2 ywl«HI (Introduction)5.3 tilHlDt'* (Social Problems; An Introduction)

—5.4 %Stn^f%' (Prostitution)

— % «bK“l (Causes of Prostitution)— %5tn^ % jrHVFT (Evil Effects of Prostitution)— ^ ficKyiH ^ (Measures to Check Prostitution)

5.5 (AIDS)— qi^ tJ^Rr % (Theories of the Origin of AIDS)

■— q?^ '^pldl I? (How AIDS Spreads?)— if q^> (AIDS in India)— q|fr q?! ftchyiH (q^) (Prevention of AIDS)

5.6 ‘tHHi't (Alcoholism)

\

% (Causes of Alcoholism)— HtlHln

— qtTTR Plcfll'JI % vjqrtr (Solution to Alcoholism Prostitution)— ’TTTq if HlilH -sflT

5.7 (Drug Addiction)— qRcF saff % % giirq (CausesofDrugAddiction)— qirq if qr?cE-5ai (DrugAddiction in India)— qiqqi-saif ^ otR % ^tyitici (Evil Effects of Drug Addiction)

5.8 Wiqrr (Corruption)— Wran % <f}TTT (Causes of Corruption)— RTcf # 'S’^NU % iraiTT (^) (Tt'pes or Scope of Corruption in India)

5.9 eemq (Dowry Deaths)• qRf§T• tJ^qftFT 5r?q 1• TRT

\

\

5.1 (Objectives)fH -sT^ziFT ^ % q?fiT^, ^ #f-/

tlldlMco

fT2IT ^bipql ^ ^ Iqs^, wiH $riii<ri aqqqi vmcoid i

wrarr (Corruption) efSTT ?q% q>nqr ^R?r

#

♦/ .

6 2, Self'/nsiruc ttonal Maitria I

5.2 y witui (Introduction)

I ^ ^ «F?rcFT fsRiRT '^FTFIT^^ 4RRyfrl4l' ^ «HT% % |<J{T, ?ff ^ -SffrTSRtf^

^ ff’ft I tiHiRi^ ?nTW^ÂiHq'i'il tiqMîi+cTiq apRR^11 frFrrf^ ^ ■3t?2rêj?f NOTES

^ Tf% cHT cbl'CÎ IJ? t ^ flMlfjtqi 'Jllqi ^ 3TRR -SFT ^ I ’ft tUqiRiqi H^TFIT'jftft 'jft?r: ^ T5T ft I ??RT ft % 3TR ft?lTT % cRT %?Tr % WT % cfjR'T ^ f’T ^FTFTT'3ft% aftr -3?^^ ftq5'isft?r ftt w ft i hR'^mh ^ gan ft % ftftft % rctw % sift tfir ft ^tftrsrit

F?r ft 13ft3TFft ft I ftftr ^ 'ST^’R cFTft ^ ft % 71^ % RSlftt 3ir ^ ’THT IftRT jIHT I

5.3 ÎTftif^cb ^ yR^q (Social Problems)

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diqiPiqi 7T373T3ft ft? THTTyPT1ft?ft1’ft

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^ ft?TThR

/ ' 'Self'/nsli'uclional Material 63

yft’ ^TPTF^ ^ ^ 'JlRl«w'9r ofii ffe # %■ sricf^ I", fll*flf^«|} ?PR2f|

TTTft ^jfT^ 11 W-imitJ- ^ cIJR?F-3TTOy ^ ^jfl^ % ^ % M ^r 11 ^ 7>RW

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-Jii'iwai ^ 3fR FH % ^ % 3<Jrdîl7i ^ 1

^ aRnil^d

HIHlfêh STT^teH

NOTES dHM

■3^ ct55di d'a)îl I

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% WT ^f FFft vTTcft ^ I

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luitcziâfR0) Fi^HF F?Mt ,

64 Setf-lnsirucliona! Material

f(3) 75TT % cngeiiH % -Jiiqiqch | % I[T

vni'iwqiTii 'TFft -jlT^ I

(4) rrar ^3^ '4f<'J|i4l' fl^% ^ diiq;iqeh<ii'!■ I

(5) 2^: «h'jh<4 t<iiRa cH7% % TJrf^T’^ sRI^fri ^ mq-llcnqi HSTTSH 3iiq^qq> TfrTT ^ I

fW I <ii‘iif^=n ^ 7?IT^ JIT t ^ B^TR 'f ^TFRFI, J^JTtiinAcb ij^-cZjcR€JT % f#T ^ I 3R: «iHifiit|i ^r'RJtraft' ^ FI ^^ ^ if HH'HlRirl ^ tiqi^ ^ ^ ^TRlf^R) ^>4I''| % q)i'^ ^ if ?frff %',

FIR % ^>i*St ^ •affr iîrraiFi % fi ^F «<ii« ^ ’3iiq^q«bdl 31^^ %' I didifîq) FIRT FT I5 SH %JZPr ten ÎTRIT F I

if FI% tfiHirneh 1«H+*(ll*

NOTES

teft FFTten ??TT ^ FFTteB FIFT % FT FTFI% 'STTT FT «F)7% % ifPl'3TF?IT'3ff ^ JjTFT '3ITJTSJ!=IT ^ I 3FT, teft «I^ FPlteF FTFTT hm^ % tel JIF -3114^44) ^ %

-.cqqt«)l cT^f ^ ^ -sftT Fte FT JTiT%«i7R JT>i% nr Fi% teiTTw % te?

qii yqid ten yfrwi 11 !jtflq, teft FFI

^ JIF ^ te«TTir ^ JTF qRR*qfa vTtnT «A % ter ^ JTFTT WTte I fete, teff FFTten FIFT ■Site ^5liq1 if ^ teff ^ nit FTFR FT% ^T^FT HTFTnit ^4^ % nsnr^ Fmit qnqitea jr nit JRttesr nif 'nnfr ^ 1

% 'Sitenn nir

'STtenrsT URTten fifft niFT-fe% Fte % ate f% fii*^f^q, «4r1 fki ft ten nn frtt•vert Social11 nte ter % diHiMqi

Problems) #1 fete, yFTfeT (JF) dHiM«h FTFT^FFTT i;n) urmten) nîr % teter ter ff f te^t tetenf OTnr ntnt % srt di*jf^n> ft ^ vinyiiirnniIFF ^ cPTffe 'Jiddi nit Ftei nte 'JiFFn mi ter mnn I; ^fti nF ter tenrn mi% Fnft ^ teJTF nvn Fira te Jj^-onnFnaii % Fimr fefen IFT Fllfen-.^te ’Snf^ ?ltt teft if -^Tltt f l ^ ywilîd HFTten vjqqidwqi dl'jl^qi q>l4qi^ Jiff te ndt ritel # te ’ft FIR % terter teff I3F F sinnr ^nte rnmftemKTf-sff % nteRF if 1 iw ^ te ycnrteT nrnTtem ftft

’rm nrnite) ftft ^ter nF ft ff ff URTten ftft jF ft if yifm nfr Ftift ft nm te Fiif> FTF if FnFnKTT.ter nit nmft ^ftr ftjF fenFr ^ ter nif^ F’jfen ntenr^ te Fiff 1 Fnrt

ter if 3Ti2?nnT ten^ nnf ff trcR ycnrter nrmteF fuf % ft if i#r I, nteR if jtf r?n ym?FT Fft I nnffe Fife yflr >3r ftf if FnFFF yr^t nmft t ^ fit% feriFr te ter

te terr uriTiT % I nR ■STyiR, .-sttir, wih, tenft,' FTPn nF t tente tey tef WIT I, nm ^ nm ftf %

’ft

te" F 1% 11F^tteF ymnF*i tteiftei WTften> fftT'^ m fenr

nte—%9nT^te, nnyH, fiff sf sift irt yjsmri 1

(Prostitution)

tenr^te nTHTtem % ft ^ ■site yrtei nriF ^ ynted i^ I, nute ?% npft ’ft nrnTtem^ql^fd yiR nft ^ 1 fh ffsi ^ teftte (Jeoffrey) te<aa f, “teni^Ri fte^ mr nn^ jiftt arntiinI -sfrr nF Fft t nR an ift I ft t Fnnr ^ tenf nit nnn-’nnTraff nit fenF afti yftnrr if iftfer ten tel 11" ’iRcT ^ ft nff nî n FyR if ^fr ‘^tnft’ afti 'jftmii’ te ft tsnr^ mr yqdd

[Self-lnstruciional Material 65

f I 3jT ^ TJ# î^jn HRH ^?7^ ^7^ ^ I ^ dfoch

^ I, ^5^ arrf^ Frf^ ^j^pft qf?fr I ^stt q? qm % mHcjiRcb trcf ^qmrl^^^1

(înriftrai arrst^rr

NOTES %$<ji'^fTi cj^ nRîiFâ ^ §{wqt afR ^Tf^ yq %t«jiRd fefT qqr ar^ jfiq qraRqî asitildm ft^ % i" ariF^qr q:^-<fRft Rht ^ FT % T=im 5H % 1^ feir w hf^rt I r

%wf^ >^Riti % aT^rnr “%$qT cif ^ ^ arq^ 5TffT ^>7 Rptt f^Rft % ^rft % qi^ ^rpif gqrr T^ ^ ^ri«tT qRi^ i” qfqr qq qrr ^ Rqqr %§qT^ f, qfr arq^ ^rtfr q)r 4tq ferraff %

^ afrr F^ Cjqi HRRITq q^ 11” etvflu^ % ar^TTR, ‘‘^qi^Ri qq? ^-T%rT TWI SH % f%qT qrqqrrqq) FFTTfraqr Ffrft ^ i"

q^

I RidA’qqi ^jR-d'O'-y

^sqr^Rr arsjqr jqq fttt arrqflf^qq ^qr^ % ^liQn FEqr aq^ qTTTT afcRj 4tq-TP^^ % IFTT^ qrqirqqi TFirq q^ FtTTT F8JT Rftt ’^qqrq % ?TflT q^ anRfq> pIT^^ fcTTT %xiT 5qqT 11

^qqr^Rr q^t(1) eZTqrqq’—^?qTf% t^qr sjqqw %■ m q afqqr^ qqrJt 11 Fqqq 5^ anqfH^qq qqw ^ 1(2) anRfqi Ti^ anRfqi firt % fcRj 3fRft I, q f^ srrftf^ ^ % fInF 1 (3) qiqqt qqai’TTq—■Jf ^ftq-TR<F?T Tîf^d qR^ qi^FFirq q^ FtcTT I ^dRiq ^ Ff^Rs q ^ aftr ^ ^1^41 % % aTtra" 4jq-Tnq^q?r qq? ^ TTqF?% q>f q^ qfr c^t qrpfr diRq 1” ^Riqt % ai%i qrqqr ^ qqiqqr Ftrft 11(4) ar^TT d^”-y—ar^ qtq-qR^ 11 ftt^ q^ «hi’j41 qq TnqrRRH ajRjqjR q qiRicq ^ q^

1 (5) %?qT^f% %?qT a7q% qjq, 4tqq qq îftr q^ qiT %q^ ^ 1 (6) ^q'qq qq at^nq—%9qi^%

f ^ 1 qqrf ^ qq qrqRrq?

# qn%, q4, qRT, qqnRr qq q^f qrqqr % Rrt qq Tnfr qqqr % ?frqf ^ ^-Tqq=q tîlnd aq^ § afr ^ q?r ^qrr ^ 1 (7) ^^qi^Ri 4fq aidld^^di diHi-q arqqn^ Rtf ^ qqff^ ftt% cqniR«h qq aqqR-qqR Ffqr 11«‘<M'-y

^ ^77W (Causes of Prostitution)

%§qr^f^ % 1%iq qnr'q qîqi^t ^—

(I) anftf^ qqTTq (Economic Factors)—4?di'jfd % aTH«;i4l qqqq '3TTRfq> t ^ ?TT y«fiK '

# Fisferf ^ ^sqr^ q>T% % qqi^ Ffraq-FTTiq ^ 'Jiqq4di, viftqq tttt q^r t^qr aoA q5t diwtn, arqsr

TIT^-^ q 'l?Tq t TF^ q^t F^H, ^ qftRqlM % qq ^%?qTff% %%RqT qrqf ^ m ^ ^sqr^Rt qq cFiq qq^ d^rfi f 1 qftq qRqrr qq? ^ qqR qi^ qqq^ ^ tf^

f qiF7 qftqiT % Tnf) HFFff ^ qq> ^ qqR # qTqr qFqr % 'F?qqM tstht ffr ^ I Tftq affq? %?Ri qFqiFqfff qi^cD qq qq I % ‘qf[^', qqr Tqrq afR ’ftF qqr qqr aq^ ^ ^ qqqq f Rrq% qqrq affr^'^qt^^ cft^ f 1qq". ^‘^ni qq qTFqr %, “’j^ %?qT^ q^ aqqRRM % 1” affq; ^9r % frt RiRra t?fr q?t q4t qffq t sM garr % fM t?qTfRT qq qqr^ 11 q^r fttt M q^ ar^qqq t;

(i) fîi-idi—qqr aqq qq qf(4f !iq>F arqqi qtt)-fe^ wrqiTT?) ^ I qrqr-ftqr q^ %

aTTq?«jqidi

% arq fcFqr qr qq^rr 11 q’Rqq: Frrf^ ^ qii qFf^qff ‘qqq qrqf' qq5iTr TTTqqr

^-.yiiqiKJ

66 Self-lnstniclional Material

55m3ii % % jllfl % 36 T^T?T fe4i % oTî^, Êrff^^j^Sl'

% mPl ^^fc( -WRft I 5^ 51^ ^

4tl4) 3if oti<<;i41 itfIT [>0ff

(ii) =M- ^ ??w—g?f*TR f^' 3TTT ^ giT % 3ff%?r ^-|..^ % FT^ tRT ^ 11 |g?Rf, ?f^?ff, sFi4w4i, aid^Hf, 534?, anf? ?mf fir!

^ <raR, ^ tFT%, 3Tift ^ ife % '^Hd q4 Rtimf-iw %^<31 ? I ^ ^ Tf =61*< cIR% % -3^'•oT'4Hi SRR ^mT

t x

I'm) ijffww ^ 5=6TT 4.^ I4dr^ «fr^ 3f^ ^7% m’ft =?75r|% % %T 3Vi<3r4l 11 cRRR wi ft ftft^ g?j-gicraift gs ? j

11^ ^4) ’TR W7, !#?, Satiq-Ti, '3R3T’ i?g>R, c^l^rfl =R^, 4RTH7 ftgr oUT? ^ I

ftrftnF cpT '3TW ft ^ qRT <6feq ^ 11 ftftt ftgftj ft ^5PRT ftftt ft I

(iv) ^rit ^ •sn^f^ 777/^Rf7^Rtt 5TIM=6 ffe ft 5inft FITWftt ^ ft I 3isf =6T ftttiiyR'îd: 5^rT ft) ftT«r ft fttft ft OT '3?qft ’Rw-ftftr’f ft) ffttj ^jffft ft? RFrft gr^r ft 15?? HR if? fftifft ft? a% ftt =FRftr ft, THft) 'HUd’4) ft cTmr ftr ftftTT ft ^mft gfft^Tift ft) IfttT ftggi^ cR) OTW ftftt ft I

(2) fftc(l& fft#?—ft^jfftcR ftt ft^yi^Ri % fftiR vHTSRfr ft I fftR =61 ftftlfft=F ^ ?J[rar

ft, ft 'Srrftt I I

(3) ’TT^tHR'l) ^RRyRiqt—Fra" TfftcTR ftt ft?m^ ft; ffttr ft I 3Tft;cHfST fts'mft ^ft ^rrftr ft i fftR ft wr-ftRi =^t ^ ftT 4ftr ftr, eftf ft7W=f; ^ ftf, ftf ftrfteft ftr, fft^ SKiftt

^ "jfft^rrft ftt, ftt 7«PT fts'Jir ftt 0117 fft^rr srtt ftt ftt ft stqftr TTfftpzft ^ ft^^n^ % fft’’ ir^( g^ft ft i R 'fttgrft ft ft^qi-^ra TTRTFlcT ^ ft "=[# -STT Tftt ftftft ft, tjqft HTJR'JId^l ftf ft) HT^Rng" gft\Mil\■^ftr 1ft <115 ’IT ft^;—’TR?T ft Ifti4=n3ft gft jgfftgi^ gftr ft i fft^jgr ftfft Tftf ^ fttgr-girr

ftj 011111 ft 1 ftftf ferfft ft ft! g? g;t grr wtst fttgR 3iiJ?iIftchi % =l:(4i^fft srmftf ft i\T^—ftijyi’jlft % dftol gziT ftl ^JrRgrftt ft 1 ^ ■^T^-lftdT SiqftT eflftwt ^ 1ft =115 % gftu!

T-7RS=?I TSTfftrT =tRftRTq fttft ft -sfiT -arr^ nslftifti ^ fftcN? t fttft ’r; ft oTdfftg; fttWti\lftt ^ dslftvnl—=6? ^ IftRTT =t)lT4 ft 'ischl oR ^Hl'f 47 gftt dTTtft ft ftt ftftf ft

ftfttfti

^ ofnp ft?rTT ^ gftt^t ft argft ft ’trtt tft; ft^gi^ g^ft grftt'■fWig ftft *;fe'S6 •31-siiHi'y SIT;

, ■^gftt anrRg^T ^Tp^t ftft g^RRTt ft; qft îg=K^ ft onftt ft ft\3 greg ftig^

V\ arm

^ \

\ \/

n ft=n%g; oftg^r ft Îft^ gift ft; fftft ftt fftrar gggr^ -sfrt ftftr ft i W GRft) ?rift aRgRiR^ Rwn ^ ft 1 yftrfftr % % gf^

Self-lnsiructional Material 67

STT^ ^cit t'l 2^" SRT ^ OTS^pR

^1-. ^ 34 Sl^^TcT ^ ^c/lf^cf? % '4)l<'Jf ^ ■cH'Rltft 1

^ ^ ^^;f7i^c<)Xur—sfkT^’fiWpT % ^K''iMit«i«|;i ■ji‘fi«i SifrT f71 dlî 'itql %Sôif 3fT^l if icRRl^ ti*A<^l % 'nraf if ft '3rT% MR«ii<, ^

- ^f>K 01%5IT ft ?IFT if cFFT cR^ -JRH f I Tff# eft if 5^ ^ «<SMI ^ ^jflftcKr5Tîf'q?#T3OT=gcR%9^n^%f^^HT5T4tl’lM?ft;fl

i!n? ^ 11 ^ ^ mrTR^% f^ ^5«r^ 2H7^ f I(n)3Ttt^ ^*nw—f^ ^ ÎVR ^3TcIT I) ^ ^êSjgjPT 3"! TTcf vpn ^ ^ f wt-^ §T^ if ^ ^ ? I ^ TR% 4i<|thl

?

■STTfe f^SRt gft ^5^71^

3RRT 'jfldi % 1

(12) ^ft^—^'ifRT'FT ft SElfiRT ’TT ^1?TT ^HTR TfR % I «rf^rRt, ^TTSRff, ■STTft, ^3TraftTR 5KI«(lslHf % RÎ T?% ^ mR^kI ’TT ^ ^T^TR '7?^ % I ^ «IRfTcR^ if 2f|fefT ^ ^cRfen ftR I 3fR ^ ir5^TT|% 3R2T f 1

(13) 3l^SI Hli^^—3TR % TR ^ft^-f^-sff «Ft ^S’îl'l cTT^ tJRTRR^ fRT ^ft^ chK“l^Ff iTR ?TffM ^ ^’T^Mt fr 5?T<tt 11 ^ f|5J^ if M ft f^Rn ?R2 ^ 11 Wnto

3iirt)îl % Jrtll^ ft^ rf^JT atR^|l

(14) yifif* îrR>—JTi^ftF 4iTR) ft % f^ '3tl<i;i4l 11 ’TTRI if ^c|<;itfl 5?JT ^ atitu

T?T f I 2T2T Sff'F ft3TR ^flf^wf SHT ((«)§ % 3TE2RR H 30.îrtfr> RRâr 45 4RfcF, <gn5§r cRTT 7P4

f ft ^44Tft ?2IT 451 74fR 11

(15) '31^45)4 451745—^RrTT-ff4T % 7TFFR ^ ft% f 134451 '3T7TT 4^ if SHcTT f I ^lfÎ45«4ff4 -STRITR 41^ 4RT-ff?n % ^47447 crisis4l «Ff f?4r^f% cfl ^TtT ^ 141^ 11

ft^4T if 'SRff^Ri 45FT-4T7RT 4lft wiinl f I 4icl ff 4 ftf 4T % "SIRT cil'if f 7TR sFC^ft f I -Slfft^ (IIHiRi«h 74TR4 44 44 44% f^ 41414^4 45154541 ctsI^mI 4% ^lijî^Rt 1

^ ^ fl 541^1114%^ 454^ ftf 47 ft aRff ff4-f45rff 4% ^ f^ 44f41#T flj

'SRZT 375ft f '35%?J'

(16) H*il^giPt«h 't>i<<fr—4^.3!^, *74tf^45R 4^)4 3TIT^4R^J4545ITîft 3fe 457% % f%5 45% %94Tf '*^4 ff I hR^K % 5t4 54 7% 451

ft% 47 ft Tisfelf f 44lRrjRf %4T flrft %, % 3T44T 4mRi45 Wt «l^%t % ft7 ^-34, 4444% 31441 %%t % I 4T4417445 Sig^STT ft %§4T^ % f%5 xlrTT^lft % I j

s7(tt< f^sW 45?47’45T 4W |;.% f^44f f 544! % 4f% 4lft 44% 4lft 4t%§ft7T 4% 4T44T ft %§«31544®

45t 34741ft 414% % I 4%4R f 31$ft^ RlffR, ?T714ff% 5^ f%%4r 5414 % 5%4 3%4Rr 4% A 444 ^ % I 44517 %5 4t4 gW, ITcf 3Tg44I % f%5 ft fl^ 314% 4% 31%f%g5 ftl^l

7141 %%t l.l

ft?!. 4T4f%45 %44r 54 31Tf^ 714541 % 44% % f%t5 4? %?41^ 31441

4 ff I ‘%t%45 ft7i% 3^4% % 4457% f 3174f&45 %@il 34 %$413lf c^t % ftfft-

% 3R4 HPlf % 477441, 54f ft? f%5T %5 4^4% f 3lff4 ft 4ft ff I 54|

571T445R

724f%cT 457 %c% 11

5>P4 %% % I 3J%45 §15T 5714T4

68 Self-Ii7Sl/-uclional Material

(17) «(I+HI—% f|P7 ^t>c(1 ^ 5iFT-cIRRT ^ ^ i RiMItll cqlw ^TTRlf^rai

3n^ cfiR-qitm C^t ^ % I SJcPI^ c^T ^PT '»1 ?Tff ’ft

%9WIPft ^ ^ffT^ ^ I

NOTESffTqr ^ ’f}^ ttcf fcrf^ ychK % -snfe(l8)«IHlRf^ ^flirnif—• y^Rifl f I «Fr ?Pf) ?trTT % I TtsT ^'’T ^ ’TR fcRT ^ vMT %

^ -SRWf ?t?IT ^ rfr ^ TT 5^ SRT 5R«ITrIT % 3ffT^RT fliHiI^ch giClIriql ^ f^’tldl

ll

(19)^ (War)—5® 3W Rff ^ tl d^Rbill ^Rim ^ f^l^RlT ft ^TTtft 11 tRI% ^mJilyi-ÎT^ ^ RRRT -rtt ffcTT ^ eft % ftS^l^fa -STRTT ^ I

%■ (Evil Effects of Prostitution)

^ ^ NaRjcl RHT 3TT tichcll ^ I qyRi ^ft’ff ^ RRTcTr ^ ^

cqRh^l' % -Tll-Hcwd I W ^fpr ^ cRtf RTSRT ^ I ■SRTRf % «IHlf5)«(i

f^PPft ^ cl^ Rfr ■4e<('4i in ^'+>^1 %9^TT^ ^ R^ftT«jf^ rTZIT RRR % ^ pipin'; f 1 % l^nrra PlHl'Rhd |-

(1) ^nft iTT% cfJT ^TRTR—nrft iftfiT % f^ ^ «E?rat 11 ntft ^ ?rsr% ^ dd«bi§ft^ 11 gR% ciT^ ^ •3Tn% gfr Tff^ % gtRff ^ ^ I, îF

Hef tn'^M'1=h ^tcT % I

(2) ^tiff'll (qtjii'l—3ts|ij fl*«|-tjf % % I îfT «i‘ii(^«b«bl <'J| «4l«ki % «ttt "RR ^ ^FTcTT Vita'll pR itRft %, viy«hs ^ ^ ITM % 1 <zipRt RRRT^fi ^ flPFR ^ URtT %, itF ^

^yntRlRR 'Rf 3fr«bcf=h ft# I ^ H^RT rPf) ^3nntr ER5JT ^pesr ^rarTT % I ^ #7ft# # in# f I

(3) HiRqiRi^j RiSTd^—HiRmiRch #cft % f#r ^trt ^ i if^ 7# #Rl^ P" smRm'3tRR«RT#T ## % # ddl^h #t RnRIT ^ ## ^ I nf^-n#t ^ nTRTT ## T# nR#f #%

Rn# 11 jFR nr #t ti^Ri ^ 3f# rw % i fR# nr tit# # mnT !■ i ’rr^-n#^ %•swra ^ nftnrr t, «r^ #t F?tt 5y#M # in# % i ^pnnt #l #*#

■#r ewiTiRa ## I -sftr fR# rRîk 11(4) <ll*llR|cb Riyci—fli*tif^ch TJcf ttijj'SiRi'^) Riyi"! cRt Ipn #ft ^ I

fRT #nT ^ I HHiRnf r# f, <ihm if Rnpn'n fsiRr^r # mm %, ■stto# ^

(5) ^(a<») nrnr—%9m^ffT % nttTm «hm % ##f ’jj# n Ptms m# % i ^smirirr if #t

m ##F nTFT # mm ^ -sfR ^ ^Rta-^^Ria r# «et4 m# m# ^ i(6) 3NTf# ffe—^smffrT % mzT gm, #ft, f%#, mTfFT t# fmr mfe aNTRi ^ 11

^ ftf qn arro# ^m# % srmr f# 11 r# ^?mR # ^ rntw ^ rcFT ## 11# BRT-RRt mRT# R # ^ ## 11

(7) 3TTRf^ fiRr—#R ^?m3Tf % fc# #m^ # m^ t f# ^ ^ ^ ^ mnm #§% 11 t3n%^mt ^ # ’TT'T-ntwm # m^fRiT # R#f m# 11

Self-Instructional Material 69I

(8) ^ ^ ^ ^yii'it^3^9T, -STlf^ WBT fr^T ?FT ^rlT^ ^ I -SifaRcM tstjRm, ■sri^-^flcf ^ ^^ % i

^•?<v/2/n ^ <l<t>«4i*i ^ ^Wr (Measures to Check Prostitution)

’TTOT ^ yijltcunn % ft SPJrR" ^ | ff^§TTT3«RRf% fcTTr RlijH sRT^ I % STRFT ^ %5T=rcp? Rn*1I«J STR^ 3^;n<ptt ^ ^FTTjT

^yKchl dHWi ^ ^ ^ aT?J^ OTTH f^ I H??IT % SRT ^ Îrft af^ ’TTTrfRi ^ ■JiiHiî ^<<1 SR cRI% % tTHT^ ^ WI 1923 # ^TTRft^ fsRTR 'f HRqcfi ^ 21 ^ ^ ^ OTT^ ^ «iiRt«hi ^ ’TTTrT ^\JlNia '?i<'ii 'P^^f^^FTT 1 1929 afni%SfHT^ ’TTTcT^%S^TT^(%% aR2RR%f^'^ '<R41'J1’1I 3rR”T ^ I ?^T% ^ % f^ fclRt^ yi-riT ITRl chi-jî quit ^ ^ I

'Jiil«<n *ii<cflq RR "TT 1956 ^ R^qT W^TT qi-qiaff ^ <}|^Ri«ft «qiHK RiOyq> arfferf^PPr (^?H afPF iPfcqi ^ ^t^ «ql«ki'ia t?^n^ aTTTRT ^ RRT^FT ^ it^qi-^Ri FT at^§T % TP^ ^ ^ aiRl«BR {^ ^ ^ I «HT^ «ft SIJIJ RfSl'^fllXi 3nj 79>R ^ ^ Rt ^ “jRkl ilijquiq qniai f ^ RT% TT^FST ^ WFRTT ^rTT % ^R13% ^ cl^ ^ lf>%T 5>RFfRT

XTsf 2,000 ■??. rFF IFT an^ ^ 3TT%^ I (U) 18 % aifeli anj ^ o!lt^ %9i!n cfr aTT%'^•jilq'i-qiH’i qxai %, il?qi^Ri % fiRr fcj^ ctschl ^ RT% cFT yqrq q:<fli % iTT %% ^jpft % fleiqai UiRTT f rft 13% TT^ ITT arf^ ^ cR chKNI^ fTSIT TRF flTR ^ rRF =R ant^ ^ f^lTT ITTT TFF^-11 (Hi)

%t %?^ ^ tti4'flRiq) T?IR % 200 RjT % ar^ arw^ %5TT q><al % %r 13% ftRT >Jiiit'ii I (iv)%9^JT^f% % f%iT >3%l5i'd cRRTT %t,arRT^ f I chi-jn cfit cTl^ ^1% aTRiRFff ^ arRichiRq'i^ Rij^Rki ^ %t «ZRR?TT ^ Rift ^ I (vi) %?iTTaff R% ^T^TT ^ % ^TTR" ^1% RiT arftnfiR f 1 (vii) 'qiqidt^T %%t %t %l(qitnq RTT FTR nRqcfi RR y«hai 11 (vUi) qiRiqiiaft Rit 5^5TT-^ % TTI% 511 yiqqiq I,RTR qii-jql % ft ?tT <iqtqi 5T ^ Rfr f^lRTRTT tiqiai f I f%R Ri«iirHq> 55%, -i(l4l iRT %55% 55 aiRT

fT5T t%f%R timiRtch TnRRTaff % 5T%t fHt I

%S(qi'jfTi-vi^'SR g,aiq (Suggestions to Remove Prostitution)

(i) ^yFf—(^) RsRif % W % Rft Riqinjii 55111 (w) Rqqf 5)f 135555 %1%5) %W 1(5 aflEjiRich Uf^TSTR 5515 f%)5T 55i( I (w) 5%3T 551 135r%ljTTi(l (^) 4q)ifl 5lt 55l( I (^) yqi-Jt % t%t-555t % f%l( 5fFt %f%51 5N'5'JS 5% tiqi'fl f%15T ITHRI (Si)%?5T>%f % f%i(

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i5fqi

(ii) /%%E77fW^7^—('^%?5T3ff55 3I5?%ir%5TiT5RI5T5TTi(%5%%t%55Taif55 5if5Rf%5T5n% 55T %%f %55Taff % %t5-«*«i''J <^yil4d cFT% iR %51 ?R5%t 55% 5Tf^ qlqiRqT 5ft ^ I (w)5%%

515 5R% %) f%% 5155 1331%

) 5t%R5T«iqiRncn 35^<^•1

NOTES

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55151151% % f%i( lF3tT 5)55 55TRr 5R% %11%% IRIRI f%>% 55% I (u) Rlyui ^dRIqiS iff ylwiei tf51

cqqdiq

iff

imiii

70 Self-li2slructional Material

^ 'jfP^ ^ WIHlFilct)(Hi) (sfhfksmrm^^ ^TTtR 3TT^ I

(iv) —^^qi^Ri ff^R% % ^ cj«i ij=% ^rTP^ | ^

^FcHT ^ ^ thi-jql ^ OT % Hirn q)<iqi vTTTt |

^ 3RI g5TR TOR ^ f-

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^ ^ I - .

NOTES

(2)

(3) cf>r yiqfti fî^T jITR -stR 5R R tFT «5ql-i TO?T feîr uTF^ I

(4) qiRqiR^^ RTOR ^ WRT^ R^ % MR 5ITtJ cR[T fîfl ^ SftTO Tto 'jTTR I 31cf>RR HRrqi'itRTO ^ ^ -iRsa felT I

(5) M^T^FT ^ 'sRia «qqtî «^t I

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(8) %TO3ff fRIT 5^Rr % W Si^fach RRM felT ^jIKJ ^STOW RRl^PRW ^ Rft ^ R% I

^?qi^Ri qiK'î

flRT Tit ?R i^Pia 'FFf ^ TRR ^ I wl'il % tiiHiRtq> TO w< ^ orqi TORT ^‘ii I ql*! f|T8TT,

■57511^, grofR MtRR TO 4fR frnt ^ c^t 3rr?it to^t FT’fr i tt^tor to

3f^yyn SRT ?R^ 4il('Jil' TO ^ >3Hiql FfRT I %9RT^ % TO TO ^ TORT 5R%% MTR TO% cRft 5R ?R TOlt^ ^ RT TO^ f I

TO^TO =hRiql ^': RTOT R RTOR ^ MTR ^ qRRT

5.5 (AIDS)

'STTTt % to ^ qqlqdH TO ^qiRi'h aat’iiq)^ # fr TO t #7 ^TTOI -SRft TO ^ R75 ^ W TOT 11 TO? ^ MTO 1959

'JlARq^l if TO 3^ ^ I ^ Snf^ TOirfr —vnARq)!, IBRT, ifteTfTO TO Tnf^RT ^ WTR % R%?T RTT TO I ,3iFjr feR if ?R ^Rlff ^ TOf ^ 7^ t ^ ^SllRl'h ?R «(1hi[I % Rlt if "Mt

îRriql, chi^'jfl, Rrr To '3TOR ^ if Rif TO ^ Rqlci TO ^ f^ ?7T TR ilRirl “<Rkl 'JlRjqi 'jflRld 75 7TTOTTI TO TO 7RTTTO tR % I % TOlTt qai^ f % ■STT^ 51^ 7TM if TR-tqi^«q

% f^ TO TO TRTRT 5Rt I 57T TR % ■3T%F ^ff ^ TTlRf^F TO diHiFflqi TfTTOT ^ TOTtRtT RK4T

^ I fTT TR % TOTWT R qqiq % if RTTOT rRr TO toRi TO7TT %, RTO TO TO% ^ 4i^ RIRtR cfit R TfR jff ^RTTOTOi M TO TOT^ 11

Rr FTOTOTOT

TTOTTO)

^ t ? {What is AIDS ?)

TOH Rt 3R TOTOT TO W7 I

A—iiqqiq^ (Acquired)—TOT^;


i—(Immuno)—iRne»itHIH D

S—rî'SlH (Syndrome):—TTHOTI

?H imiTT % fF ^ ^ I—I qF Tfrr fcRT^(«IFRH) ^ FRI % Di««hi ^ I—'i^ ^St. (HIV) 5^ 11 qcWlil'^ (Acquired)^ ?rT?pf I-q^ qif <1Piqf ^ ^-41^1(1 ^ ^ % ii^Nch cir^ i ^ 41*ii{l q^r. 4t. 11*1%

% ira^ t 11 >2^ ^f 3Trnr-3T 1%^ 1989 rf qfH

SlIfT TTT ^ %, % ITTS2PT ?I yqif?^ ^ 11 ?H IRTF % 95^ ^TTOm 4H, 3itTWX I'I

NOTES

•aRT

eFT ^FTF % W I^FTT^ (eii5<ti) '3ra’T-31?FT ^ f^, ^ =hKth q^ ^ ^TRT ^RT ^ STT q^T. 3TT^. 4f. I qq. 3n^. 4) fci«ii^ rTC^T

^TsT qitzR # qq, oni, 4t. Icp^r^ sittr ^ 'i|^ ^nfr 14) ^ F*n^ siflr M t ^ ‘€r’ (T. Cells) srafeqfrTOPfi (Immune System) qq nlwwh ^ ^ jfft-sSft

yîf4l =87^ f ^ W 5)7^ ^ I TTaPR % ^FFPT 12 TRlTf 7571 55t' ^fFT ^ 5F sTTW FtTTTI % qF f^qr^ ?Tft7 # ^ 517 ^ 11 «zri^ % srffr =f q^q Tfq % fîqF5 ^ I q# ‘qq.

SIRTT TPTTqr ^ jfqfr ^ t ^75 qqfqrq (6 ^ 10 q^ TJF ^ '5q^l■ ^ ?Tfr7 '3TTq fpfr % 3TrRT 5515 5ff 517 5171T -sfk rlTF-TRF

% TifFqq (|^^>55R) 55T ^717 ^ ^ % TI%7T ^ w'lldi ^ I ?7T '3157515i)^ ^q^' 555^ 11 qq. 3TT^.

4f. qffvlfel c5f^ 6 ^ 10 spf t, 5F ^^TTt cRt '4)711^ ^ 7T?qT'jfid’l sudidd5i 7TT5F5 517 715151

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t?l qpTjfR ^ 3117TTI 3^7 7^ ’ft 5111 SlfftlT UTT 57 35515^ cR 1371 57 fiTiiq 51 7T517ft I 31551 qft 5^ 5R 71517?! %, %f513# 551R ft qq. 311%. ftl. tftqT^FRl SlftT SI%7?T17551 «1 ift^t'-’ft^t 41*iift ftl fftqi^ qq d^ci^ §Tft7 ft 5ft§T 5R 37157 31551 3TTfft57q qqift 735ft f 3ft7 cqfcM q51

TTiq 7B% ftqf ft Hfftil F! I 3R717T: 371^^ ^ FT ^ 11

q515R qq. 311%. ft!, iftftl^ ft dst)fHd Ftft 55 3lft %—“iftqq ’R 55 7T55RT qft 315571 ^ l” q^

ft ^ 3T75Rf fttFiqiqqi Ftlft 11 qsq 511 3lftt 7151 51?% 355R qft 5515 55 %t55 5ff % I

^ virv/n ^ w«iv«/ (Theories of the Origin of AIDS)

ftftt ftftftfqR ft 3T5ftt,^7d'h Blaming others : Prejudice. Race and WorldwideAIDS^ qq. 311%. ft!, jftqi^ ft! % q^ 55 557q %, 5?! 375!ft ftl qft ft 7?tq 55 37ft^ ^151 %, ft %:

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ft! qift 57 SITftqiMdl 5^ 5R


i^ TT«B Tt’T HRT ^jTTcTT I ’PTTtnftT® FH^STT

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qsir #j ^ 7# t?

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1. M % «M ^

2. M % 7^ ^

3. fHt 5I7T yy=Kl ̂ ^

4. M I

q?7T 7k % (Symptoms of AIDS)

sjf^ ^ fr^ I 5^-wt % Tpmr % 1 fk % kt 7t?tf i :1. TT«F W t 3Tf^ Tnm 7IF FT ^ 7FIT

2. ?Tft7 # (iviifli fkr

3. ?Ttt7 ^ ^ 3IHT

4. 7k 9Tft7 ^ 4|Ptliyi ft 3TRT

5- ff #7 ^ =f 157151 7FTT

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3TTf^l

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4p/rt/ f? (How AIDS Spreads?)

t^STIkP TRiTOi 7k ^ 3T7T: 7RCTF #1 f7I% 'Ji'jiiq 5)1 3^^ TfITF ^ I ^ ajj<g ^ ^ PlMi'ftjfi 55)R

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% ’3k'5755 7575 5^ 575T7kk 5)7% % I % TPft 7I5fRj5) vfTt^ 5T% TPJ^ ^ I

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7RF7TT I 7757 % k 315% #T TRSfr 5% TT^ 55 TTskFI 5R% 11

NOTES

% krn I—(1) R5. 37T^. %t. TTsrPTTT %%t % 77T5 Tmk 5R% %. (2) %«R}%d fWt

37=5 7575 5% 7577

%k tl“H«f) 5)7777 17% %%t %

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3757R

Self-I^truclional Material 73

SRT ^ ^ cf CRT ^ I ^ % tliqyy^Ki ^ •jn% =IT# tllR-Ji ^ ^6i'^'(f^ (sterlise)feifT 'jTK[Piwi^"*! (disposable)^ ■jii^

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frti3rT% RiRbrtith' ^ 3ITr yql'i ^ 'Jt*^<, ^5, 'Jttui, 311^ ^q5lei'^<I^d (Sterilization) ^ R«tRl ^ gPiRqfl cfiT% % ^ vanql'i ^ I

rcFW \5t|4)<'Jn «f>PT \jHq)t''i, qcRjWT g^ql) y?) ^«)Ki yqlî *f ^

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3131

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%T1 iff 3TRT yiFTT'Sif 35f f^Pf? 35131 3lff31

5.6 iWTT? (Alcoholism)

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f I §RtMe 3 35133 f 3lfl 3131 if ^ffl ^^-35^ 9133 'flyi 3fl 31319111tT,f 1 335 33131 % 33^ >3T3jfeR 3131 ? 9133’fl3T fl 333R 11

(4)mniffei ^TRfl

31335nn

NOTES (5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)', 3133, 31335 33 Hq-y

331 lf33lf 33 3lif 35l nfe^rl fen 55113 I35^3313

(10)

(II)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(IT)

f 3f ‘Hy^41’ fhgcjimi


fl'ioi % -sijtiK, “WTR ^ cf? I, jTt »fr M’ wmftra; ynwii^t ^3?7^ ^ I, I^RT^ ^ % ,f^ ^ % ■qr ^ ^ ^ ^ WI -3fk 5?t <7^

I”i^q «*1M

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qfR q?r ^ t qi# 11"?q qftqrqrsTf t I % *iyHM q? i^Ri t r^ti^ q«F qrf^ qq ’^t% qq -stt^ ^ qnqr %, qF

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^ w<"/ (Causes of Alcoholism)qqwq

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^ qfr FF qq I STTiq ^ Fqwq ^SITFI |, ’Jlj qf?ft I #T qF^STOT Ff^ % qqr qqr FFRft % 1 ff qrqqj qRFTsff % cbttf ’ft omIcH ?nTq qq qqlF qq% ^fift % 1

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FT % Fiq ^ SITTF FF qq^ 11 '

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q^ qF%, F^ q^ ^ qq^, F^, FctftqrFFTF

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^ 31x11-1 ch nR^cf-i, 3n1t % qqqq, .FFlFi, FFgsIF,


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(9)NOTES

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cfiPT cFT ’Tift gt?r, arraRT ^ 5ft R?iRt, arsiMdi, anft % cbr't #r w ^ % Iî«hK

(10) ^F^t q«H aftr H'il<'ji'i % apRcr % ^r’r—Î’ft-cii’fr srt^ ^RiRiRrai a'isi ?rit

cilf^dd RRT^TTajt, anft % SR^ cSt cFT cRRt cRRft 11 âRT FTR^ ^ ct^ % 5'«''S

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RwT

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RR RR?wT

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(13)

R^kr ^ TFT ^ I ^ cdRd,FR TRpft RT RRRT ^ Rt aR^Picfiai % Rf^ 3TTR5^ % RRRR ’ft STRR

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/.

78i Self-lnslriiclional Mate:- ''!

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^ H<"H<i'ia tPT fruni'jrfCT ^T ^fFT ^'W«di ^^§l<|sl^Ri ^ ’ft d&icii ^ 11

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/Self-Instructional Material 79

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WHl-ilvilta 1^

7777Tftl7» 37P5)H7

NOTES TTT ^ ^ 7W777 ^ ^ «B7?7

3777*77, STTTT THS, fl«f)ft7T 371^ ^ 777^ 11TTTor

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I .

/• '80 Self-lnsincllonal Material

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^dic(i wûfitra;

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^ % nRqK %

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^ 'itt ^ qff WT 11

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fffPJFT f^tWRW ^ dV/'V (Solution to Alcoholism Prevention)

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I

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5R I

tilHlPileh 3il"3lt11

NOTES

(11) T

(12) v3^ ^jTT% cfT^ wrff H ^jflT 9TTI^ ^ %SPT ^ ^FfT %, HI[241 ^ q[i«hn fî^T 3IK[ [jh^

(13) R$n Mr f^TFr if ^ ajf^Kiqf ^ f^rgf^ g?r ^niT ^ §Rra ^ ^ I

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'Jii'hl^d 5)^ ^ [4siih41’, h1«0, ^ yfa-si-el -ji-ini vTT^ I

3!R % W ^1^5 gain fk( ^^ nymi % chi-jdl iJ'TTR f^ 'jf!^,

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^ Tt^ HKsOfll % d'^4 ^ 'iHol'l I \34i41 cRT ?R ■3TT^ ^f. >Jc4i<9 'fikt' :

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(2) ^r;?iid«t)lq 1(4 ^HNtiK -5

“TTW

CI'INI 3IP( I

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(3)

(4)

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k) fe[ 'yi'4ifl'i tidNi 5iitT I

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fell

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(10)k ‘5^15kFfef7T 1^41 kind' Fk 5557 5k did id ^ Rid4 F^llk fek 5k 55515

82 Self-lnstrnclional Material

*777(T ^ ‘/av/'t (Alcoholism in India and Its Prevention)

yi^fR fr RRrf ^ «Ff ithT ÎW TFT 11SjiHch 'Jrtl'Ml % -STcRTT 'R Stl'^ % I ^fcSch cJM ‘HtRRT’ % ^ Pitnai %,

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NOTES

F

1972 if 6 qRlf 19 ^ ^f^^7, 1977 6 yiff? 80 ^ afR 1981 # 8 cRtf 90 RRJ cf^RSTTiy yqr? i ^ try §TTry % â!%y Riq ^ yqR yr^ smy yy ai^yn yqRr yif&q ^ i 1974-75^ yiRT % 2,52,000 yq^ y?! sRiy y^ ftyfy y?r 67,49,000 fri yî 5Riy ^Hryiy y^t 1 y^fyR

110 ^ -15 yfrrsm #y yrry # siriy ItH t qq^ t ytq §tt^ I ^ yi^-y^ff 11 I% 1t1<chK

2004 ^ îRT ^ FRit yr yR^ qr ftyi rPii % 1 qftqft % 100 ^Rr % yry^ ^Ri'Ki aft qq# I #R 18 qRT % yq? aq^ tp y^ qft gyyqyR RiÂd aitr fqyR^^

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tI 11 q^Tcnr nRft t aiq% ncyin? aipyRiqqy-f^ yft qîy pyrq 11920-21 ysn lOSO'SfnRMt SRT yqrq nq nftRy arym anRtyq qu-fî^ yq qy; ^ 1 nnftqfr % qfBîaff % ?Riy ^ gyq^ qr ‘yT%' f&q 1

R d‘yi'J arTTy

5.7 *iiqq)-5cZT “itn (Drug Addiction)

q^ tp 5TRfy qq ^ qyRr q^ fen ymn % yrq any yâft ^ an^Rr, nfan, ym, qiftânqr, yfq, «Ficfe, qi^, nrfeq, ? ?ft§T, yraq ^nr, yq qy ^ ?q yâff yq qfe’ «yfeT ‘yrypy’ yq% % ynyr % 1 smy anf^ yq qyRr ^ feRr aryyff q? yR^ I, fe^ qi^ ^yfr yq qyRr yt qfrifer aryyr qry: fen anyr 11 qryy> yyff yq ^yq yy qyi yR

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qryyr jm yq tyq q# fen any ^ srfR yfr fen§ifen ^f ynn qf?fr 11 anyyq qiqyr say feq (habituation of drugs) yq 3T^ | ayfef yq qrqfen qy ^ qisyr-sfe % %yq qq fef^ ^ rpiqi (Psychological dependence on drugs) 1 “itid (Addiction) yyi ansyq (Habituation)'^ y? atrR % feansy ^ ymq ^ qffrt arfenyyi q^t 1 feff q$fe’ qsry yq yRrfr ^ yq ary ? fe srfR yy qsrzf % arfffe qqry qr ^yqr feR ^ anyr I fe \RT% fen y? q^ yyqn I

yq ^ ^yq feyi anyr % I fejsfey


(i)3fR 'Jttehi

% ^HTT^ '7T ‘II'iRi'45 §ii(lRcb Pl4<fn rT?n Civ) '3<i=hi

Hl<i<h ^ ^ 577®r (Causes of Drug Addiction)

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*{l<rt ^ (Drug Addiction in India)

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84 Self-Inslrucliona! Material

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^ m I

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Self-lnstructionalMaterial 85

21.3 yid^ld 1 % unNitll 5d«h; | iT^,

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RRrsrTiTRr RTRlftrai 3TT^Md

NOTES

R^TSrf =T^ fer^t Ftrfr ^ I 1984 % 1990 % -SltRl M ^ HIS'4)-1(iiyln dl5«h

dK«h-5‘41 % D^d % d'-ti'4 ^ tsnl % fcl)^ RR arajRTff ^ ihR fTcTT % ■ (i) RW ^TR-R’f,

siTT 5RRir Mr arfM RRFI % giTTR RT,

(ii) 16 ^ 21 M % fMr ^JfTRT

RSTT (Hi) nRwch Rcj HiRTRTRt ^ 7F %

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RRRTR % ^^TRTRt %i ■STMt fen RRT 11

nitet)-SW (Control of Drug Addiction)

f^tsd RRf % RTTR % RTRRT 5^ RR 31%?! 3TTRTT R^ RRT % fe^R WT % %fl?R RR F§tt§T

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sM % btMRRTRIRR)

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4^ <icbdl ^ I NOTES

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5.8 (Corruption)

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RW WTR ^ fftrr fftRTT RTTWT ft I

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ft

'STRSRR?

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*#<«/«?/<NOTES

(1)(2) ^ cR^ % WT ^ ^t ^ 11

(3) -3?#^ % jrfrT T5TTRT ^ % SfcT 31=^ ^ 11 3T^: W? ?Tf^ ^ 11

(4) Îf 'TT 3TnjTft^ ^ 1

(5) WMR If ^ 4t 13ftT 4t 11

(6) ^j'-imK ^ chi-j^-i ^ Pmnl ^ 3TcI^?RT ^ '311^ % I tf)4t-^)4f % RiH^n ^ T^ 4t ^ÎFT3|iq<'J| '9^raR 5)5?TRTT 11

4)4^ ^ vjwyi =h<ai % I

^ \JW4'I 3TR-^si'h< fî^'^jTTrlT ? I

(9) 'H^rarr ^ cfKfsfr ^ 5ri?t ^ ^tsrrt ^ ■JijRia 3*14 % Rhi<i ^nttr ^ i

'H’^tVK ^ «??/<"/ (Causes of Corruption)

(7)

(8)

Wr?ITT % 3r533’ CFRW ^ f :

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FT t 33rT: F^ aRTF, fRtr ^ FT ^rrar % ^nfaTR qx-tl flFl

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^ ‘îNKiq FTRTR’ (??T-F!eT) 3?t <i^4lm % WOTT ftWT ^ I

I ^ c^TFRR ^(2)

curqR (m41(cI # Pii*<; wH-y—w|-srl Frarlt^ 3fk ^M-illnsi!' % wseRR % fift

cRtaW: TRTPR? ^ FT ’Tltt RFT diiMiJi tl&iacil %(3)

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awiw FRIT ‘araw’111

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f,FT feyRf FT

(4)

4i%f I TTTFTtr Pi^fq! % ^ aff «lf?F 31^ ?1IH 301

tl


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. (6) ■Jfff '3l4“4qt<yt—gsr % ffcrcR % «FR''r sn 7TII? cjTTIT ^ ^ fe'n^R -STTÎcRrlHTt?" ^ W 11

I ^ sqRkiqK 3fR ^frlq) ^TTUlftra? Tl*I^(5)

NOTES

\(7) ■y'itiqK ^ «bK*t< nO^ ^ 'ST’TTW—^T if ■SR rRi ^^RTT ^ WRT

H?RRr iR cRk^r «fi5H \ioi4 ^ ^ affr ^ ^ 'y^mK % =qf^4t % cn^<% ^ r^Tii -T^^ <^^^ c^ TJ

■sffT % Pif^-^d ^ % I

(8) Rtftiti #) 'JT^PTR '3IW^-STW fqchld cR% TR 'jei^ % ^RRTT ^ ^6KI ^ ^ I

(9)

'I «ti<

^ fe)RT % ’ff ^ HRddn ■3Rd< yM cfiRR

-Pliliai ’fl' ^ '5^ HTtRH ^ ylwii&d '% I

(10) qiR[^q) ^ ^Ri«h THH—’qRd Tpf AIa«hai ^ RR y^ldK % RHl^ I 3TFjr cST *j;rmq)d ?H % SIRTT ^ t^RT HM %, ^ -31%%^ d?l^ H ^ ^ ^diRid

f^RT TO ^ I ?Rt TOR if irfcTO % I ^RTOT, TORR^ iRRgwil ^3fT^ 5TT^ I «Rff% tRHTjyf 'R 'R 7TOT ^ HTRi^ HR ^ ^c>f4l I ^ ■# 7IR

3fR ’fr ^ ^ HR cqid5iRq> TOT HTcTT % I HR ^S!T %’ 'îtf 3ftT îRh

^ ^Riq>di 5)T I ^ y'îi^K ^ qîqi % TR 11

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tt SRTf H SFTO TO tt I

nni

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(14) ^ ^ ^ t«R dlqi(l 5JM sfiRT HRHT11 "ilf

SH d&Nl RiPidi 11

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vJoTTOT

I HR HfÎTOTTR^H


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♦HIHI

NOTES

(20) 3F*f«rrft ^ra—3TT3T Hwff %-«<=t5i(l Tnft Rial'll ^ th4îRq7 % ^ ^ i

4t f^Rfr 37 Rs^tT ^ 3T W ^ 33 '3TRt3 ^RT3T 3IT3T % 3T ^RT% fcRi^ 3^ 3il4«ll^ 35i' ^TTcfr ^ ^ 3<13)I 73HHR^ 3)7 3IT7TT f 4) % ^'loi ^Tff f^RfT 4t chi4=ll5l 33 TTPTRITf;

RfrTy 3)7^ ^ I % 3)4Î(l 4) sRT ■3^313' ^ 33 3171 3i7^ ^ 331 ^dcilel 377^ ^ I 47r"J5^ ?IT7f3-?T^ 34 ft 33 3)7 ^ 11 44t i^3t^ 4 W '3Tf^f33ft3f % f=R)^ 3>33 33HT 3?T

3)1^ FITtT % I Wr3R tfr 333 33 3fI3T ftflcil f I3)7R3^

*//<cT ^ %■ tf£ft/< (^^) (Types or Scope of Corruption in India)

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r

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f^rq^=5pr ^ 'J'-k qqr 5r% ’ft cRift qq eft ^ ftej^ qg ^chdi % i

NOTES

y^mR W <ichch< d«IT

Siftsqqq’ 'SiHtiy—w ftftt ft ^ yft ft; sjl^ ftft jqljmRi, qqftrr, ’^JrrqnftsT, y§TRT=H, ffcfJT, V’^'flPiqi, SJqymch ■3TTft ft ^ 3?^%

d'lfid ^fTTRT—3>f Tlld

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(5) ft^rfftcF y«|tlK—qftSTT ft '|

cFRfT, cFR ftqq ^cfR -slfftcj) Tt ch<qMl

(4)

qi^qui, ftTT 3Tr3? cRHT, oftjt cR,mi, ^§H % tfttr cjft

'i<;i?<''i ft I5

(qyMi ft" —■

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•TOnroft’ ft’ yociqK—3TTjT

qfer tftTR TO,(6)

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(7)

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(8) TOTFftlR TOIRW ?TTTR ft’ WTRR—ftRIRrff RR RRTOTt^ft ft ft ft TOIRtT 5TTTR ft TORTR

I, tTRIRR RTRT TOTO ft I TOTOtf ^ TO 3T%I TOTO TO

ft ^ ftro :jft TOTft RR TO ftft ft I TOFTf, TOTRR, fftRFT, fÎSTT TOft ft TORf^RR

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ftr TOTRrftST^JTOdR TOTRTdR

I yîidK chi dd^d q)<

ft Rift Rftro RR RRTRR fti ftqchlRqlRRT


^ ^ cFf wff ysdNK qmr 11 rftn ^rf^, y4iilMI, ^RT2TT^, ’fr?IT^ -STlf^ «R^ % ^ ^ ^ WT ?5R jTT^ 11

Sj/Ref! 'TT *i&'fll STTT ‘liscfi W 4)^ STjraiT % ttKiPtJtT 'g^ dfl^

-WTKf 3ntll

(10) flt*iiRii'b ^ y'ximK—<iiHii5rs ^ if ^ ^ ^ Ivîl^ 1^, 31%T 4)^ sjclfTT, til4'JlPl«*) PihI'ji 5>r4, 'Ji<^?«4ai, ^RTsT ^ *TT^ fi«4f

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(11) ^ if ^ >3?^ 55tR % ^^TtfTT TTCf yfj^ ^ ^ -Jfl^ T^'TTTT

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55cft f 1 ■. •

(9) tnPNf ^ ^H«|ilS*IIW 1^ y^craR-ftra> aii-^tcnnÎHl

NOTES

swff5) raTr

555 5Bt^ft

/wimI % wT

?TT% 3ifaf<«Ki 9t5T fliiii, Ffrar 5)F5, 3TM7T CldMl, 5^5 %5T SRT t5i ffeMT, 51^5155 SRf

ft^MT, ^<41 titiitni, 5TTW5 515151, W 5t5I5T -Jnf^ -STfcR 5t5I^ 5F 5)7f

f ^ % Sftf 75T5t TT <M4dl Ticf t^fTT 5TF

«i1h< 4lcidi Îfft 11 ^Tff" 7nW5 “4f4d 55TI

9®37Wr ^ gR"ii*i (Consequences of Corruption in Public Life)

5 ft ^ ftrlT I 'Sftr fr^ ^ 3TtT MIRtT fl5iT TFjf 7T5R 5it 315%

% %?T «Rt ^ if 11 555T5 if ^^5% 55

ft T5T5 «ff 575 '3)57yW5T7

f55 q'ftKlO % ^?TPT 57 T^TFffTT qDKid 5^ % #7 ^T W 7TTg5lf%5i ffff %> 75H 57 oyfid'lcf 5 7snfl5 ffff cfr 5575 f%5T 5T7TT f, 5^5157555 TWftfit^ ftcRdl 3ff7 55575 Orf^

if 55 jfTcft f I

(1)

% *TPT% 5)t 5^ 5?7ft I(2) 5717511575i #7 ft5 ^?T5 ft 151% f 7151 f%5571 55 555 7i51 ^ 11

(3) 1%55fl57fl TlftT 5)I'^T 5% 3T5f7RT if ftft 11

(4) cfl5f 5?7ft f I

(5) - 755f if f%7T?[T, 71515 55 7T5f ^ ftTTl 11

(6) 71^15 qRq W %fricnni 55 5715 ftTlT % I

/ '

92 Setf-Insiruclional Materia!

S ■-■ (Eradication of Corruption : Efforts and Suggestions)

WMT % «IiR^ 'Hl*llPl«h ^ 11 ^ ^tiftcR ^ ?raT ^ ^ f*TPRrT cfr'ff 5jt ^ WHT =h<'li 'RcTT % I U^raR ^ ^ tF)T%

• ^ ^ I <3T%^f) tiftfa^l '3lk SinI'iI 5iT ^^T^Pmqmr

(1) «Fff ^ ^T?TT cTOT tl'«hl(l ^ R<J<ai ^ I

«^niR4l ^ 5*ii'1';iR ^ '•trrt ^ ^ ^fpr i

^jTT^ I

(4) tni”j^4l eJTcRSrr ^3?TR ^ 5fT^ RZIT ^^raiT PiqK'JI ^^RTTT Pl^lK'^l RiHI'I ^ ^«JI4H ^ ^ ?TTr ’3'^ c|tT «f>T% ^ ^ I RSTT îa4>ai

NOTES

3TTr vj’Tnr ■srw^

(2)

(3) ^ ^fd'+i

(5) icftiCl ti*<('<i clit tJUTT I

(6) ^ ^ fcK^Ji 'flitj I

(7) -STFr-cIR cET *jiTq I chd RTsferRHE WT % ^ I(8) srftichiRql’ ^ Rjicffc^t 'Srf^jcEiff 5^ «er Tntr \

//^ ^ I(9)

--J(10) jFRnsJTTW ^ ^rTPRR ^ I

(11) dl*1lRt=h ^ HRsicfl ^ 5JR % FIFT TT c|^ f^ I

(12) rflRt ^ tll4'flRl«h ^ % Rl'^l ^ 7IF7 I

(13) ' Riwiiqa clT?ff ^ ^75115RH ^ ^jTK( I

(14) ^M-llRich ’TT R('4'^”I ^TI^JI ^TK? i

^TRcT HWT % Rl'^K"'! % ’TT ^ WR

W fe^lT WtiR)(a ^ FTTW ^ ^ I 1953 -STT^Rf îWrft ^ 3rS!T?RTT ^ ‘yî'qn ^3lt^ 't)^<n

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yt^d f^)3IT I 1964 ^ dc^l'll'l '^6*1 ^JvTjTTtFfFT T

11947 ^ WFIR f^RR^

;?mj ^ 1949 ^

^ d'd'll*( ^

j 3TRr ^ «E5R t33I% ^ RRW I

ti-ddi*!. % yî^K Riqifî ^ Ri*di'I^d| tjaiq f^:

(1)^fWft q)4qiRqI % 1^ oiiqKdT^di =Fn4l tjtjrr^ (2) tiTqyid cIt) tJR ?ITTT3ff cl^

■'4iy4) f, (3) ^'^LiqK cEt tlq)^ ^ %7 ql'Ji'iiq'5. % RFTTf^nE, vJtlRfq), / <.

^TTt^ tjf) tJTgSTRFT chi4qi^

q)i-j41 .tR vsrreRFE tjîFT (5) dis^d H<iHe ^ fe?ft «jiqiRq) dVii % «t;w ?)% T3 ^ 'jfR tTcf J^trETRl sE7% ^FTT

f ^r RsfiyR %tT ;jn^,

% Rir>«S «ERr RRTRT “jiR, (7) dMiRcRl ??T wr ^ %?it sirt^ % 'JiRtqjiRql ^ fîqjiq^ f^RT% RRT 'ERft_qiB'<, (8) cE4qiR4'i't) Riqid, t^rf^RfTT tlR «Riff^ f^RH ^ 3I<R2fr STET I (9) ^HH<;k Rri^TfRT c53f ^ t3^ tin^, (10)tjft RRMT ^

\Self-Instructional Material 93

^ ^R?TT f % ^miHl ^ '^mcb ^r^TTT 3fT^(12) %-TfWfr TffSJT'STf SRT WT % gjlH ^ ^ TT^T WJ ^qcfl

tHHI-JiyilW 1^

wmirnch 311-<0<HH

(13) 'Jh^'W 'îni'4<'J| «Iir Rnf'î vTTC[, (14)^1^41 Tpj fcjyiqchl' %%T3TraTT-^f^cii «iHi4l ^HTt,

(1 5) ^ ts41 35t f?|ct)iqaT ^ ^ jTTT( fîqiiqS ft% 'T? % Rio^NOTES4il4qi^ ^JfT^ I

y'xii’^K g,aiq f:

(1) Q1l§^«

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^,(8) SRT 1^ ^jfT4 tM-flldch ’TT ff^ <1‘ll4l îfR, (9)f^l=hl4d =f44..t, ^ ^TSTT SJ'JH ^TrfTTT, (10) ‘SWTTR 73sR WT^F ^hi^k-WT % =hi4qi^ I

7r[ 1964 4 ’PSJxfR ■'7 % 147( I4t«^4 5511 41;

(1) <1il4idl f4WT =l4 TTJTW 5fit jlT7( I

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ffM jm?T ?7^ (1994) ^ 9?H7c#' ^ fPrq ^ elf I •'\

(2)

. /

X,

9379 fyft/rf (1997) t'W'V'/) 4 ^ 1^ 9=# iff jff 9^9'^1

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; ?9 9141 =41719R 4) 7ngi3 51991 31T93f 97^99)791 91%9 91% 4 799 ^717f % 14l7 Sl791 99 #9 99 7t4) I

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9^ 1491 9119 79%

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5.9 4c4i4 (Dowry Deaths)

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94 ' Self-lmlniciional Material

i'Jtini %, 4l5<'MniT ^ ^ ^ ftR^ vTIrTT ^ ■sffT îch

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Ray, Raka, katzenstein, Mhry, Fainsod Katzenstein (Eds) - Social movements in India; Poverty, power and politics, Oxford University Press,'New Delhi.

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