DA(SA)_Past_Papers 2

8/13/2019 DA(SA)_Past_Papers 2

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1 An 8-year-old (24 kg) child sustains 40% burns to the trunk and both arms in a shack firea) He is booked for a sloughectomy of the wounds on day 2 after the burn injury. Discuss

your pre-operative approach to this case under the headingsi) History, Examination, Special Investigations, Optimisation and Premedication. (30)

b) Discuss your Anaesthetic plan under the following headingsi) Specific Anaesthetic considerations in burns patients. (10)ii) Intra-operative plan. (Include all drug dosages). (30)iii) Postoperative plan. (10)

c) Having completed the sloughectomy of both arms and the anterior chest wall,the Surgeon decides he needs to turn the child prone and debride the posterior chestwall as well. List the considerations and possible complications of turning the childprone and doing further debridement. (20)

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1 n 8-Jarige kind (24 kg) het 40% brandwonde aan die lyf en albei arms opgedoen in nplakkershuisbrand.a) Hy is bespreek vir n debridement van die wonde op dag 2 na die brand. Bespreek jou

pre-operatiewe benadering tot hierdie geval onder die volgende hoofdei) Geskiedenis, Ondersoek, Spesiale Ondersoeke, Optimalisering en Premedikasie.(30)

b) Bespreek jou narkoseplan onder die volgende hoofdei) Spesifieke narkose-oorwegings in brandwondpasinte. (10)

ii) Intra-operatiewe plan (gee alle middeldoserings). (30)iii) Post-operatiewe plan. (10)c) Nadat die debridement van die anterior borskaswand en beide arms voltooi is, besluit

die chirurg dat hy die kind nou wil omdraai om die posterior borskaswand te debrideer.Lys die oorwegings en moontlike komplikasies om die kind in die maagliggende posisiete plaas vir verdere debridement (20)

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2.1 Physiologya) Briefly list the physiological changes that occur when changing a patient from a supine

to lithotomy position under general anaesthetic. (5)b) Describe succinctly, in physiological terms, the short term, intermediate and long term

factors which may influence mean arterial pressure (MAP). (10)c) A 23-year-old woman presents for elective caesarian section. You perform a spinal

anaesthetic with 2,2ml 0,5% Macaine with dextrose plus 10g fentanyl and then lie hersupine. Within 3 min, she has a sensory level to cold at T6, a BP of 70/45 and a pulserate of 95. Explain the change in her BP. (5)

d) A 17-year-old man has been stabbed in the abdomen. His pulse rate is 128, BP 106/53and Hb 7g%. A junior colleague induces him with 100g fentanyl, 180mg propfol and100mg suxamethonium. 2 min later, his BP is 60/23. Explain the change in his BP. (5)

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2.1 Fisio logiea) Lys kortliks die fisiologiese veranderinge wat plaasvind wanneer n pasint vanaf n

liggende na lithotomie posisie verander word onder algemene narkose. (5)b) Beskryf kortliks, in fisiologiese terme, die kort, medium en lang termyn faktore wat

gemiddelde arterile druk (Engels: MAP) benvloed. (10)c) n 23-Jarige vrou presenteer vir n elektiewe kuisersnit. Jy voer n spinale narkose uit met

2,2ml 0,5% Macaine met dextrose plus 10g fentanyl en laat haar op haar rug l. Binne3 min het sy n sensoriese vlak vir koue tot by T6, n bloeddruk van 70/45 en n pols van95. Verduidelik die verandering in bloeddruk. (5)

d) n 17-Jarige man was gesteek in die buik. Sy pols is 128, bloeddruk is 106/53 en Hb is7g%. n Junior kollega induseer hom met 100g fentanyl, 180mg propfol en 100mgsuxamethonium. 2 Minute later is sy bloeddruk 60/23. Verduidelik die verandering inbloeddruk. (5)

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2.2 Pharmacology


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Anti- Emeticsa) Why does Droperidol (Inapsin) have a Black Box warning by the F.D.A.? (1)b) How will you treat the complication of Droperidol mentioned in (a)? (1)c) What is a safe anti-emetic dose of Droperidol? (1)d) List three other complications of this group of drugs. (3)e) List four other drugs from different groups that can be used as prophylaxis against post-

op nausea and vomiting and give the receptors on which they act. (4)

IVI induction agentsf) Tabulate the properties of 3 intravenous induction agents under the following headings

i) Intravenous induction dose.ii) Onset of action.iii) Receptors affected.iv) Cardiovascular system effects.v) Respiratory system effects.vi) Central nervous system effects.vii) Advantages.viii) Disadvantages. (15)

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2.2 Farmakologie

Ant i-Emet ikaa) Vir watter rede is daar n Black Box waarskuwing deur die F.D.A. uitgereik vir

Droperidol (Inapsin)? (1)b) Hoe sal jy die komplikasie van Droperidol soos genoem in (a) behandel? (1)c) Wat is die veilige anti-emetiese dosis van Droperidol? (1)d) Lys nog drie ander komplikasies van hierdie groep middels. (3)e) Lys nog vier ander middels van verskillende groepe wat gebruik kan word om post-op

naarheid en braking te voorkom en die reseptore waarop hulle werk. (4)

Int raveneuse Induks iemiddels

f) Tabuleer die eienskappe van 3 intraveneuse induksiemiddels onder die volgendeopskriftei) Intraveneuse induksie dosis.

ii) Aanvang van werking.iii) Reseptor benvloed.iv) Kardiovaskulre sisteem effekte.v) Respiratoriese sisteem effekte.vi) Sentrale senuwees stelsel effekte.vii) Voordele.viii) Nadele. (15)

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2.3 Physicsa) Explain how you differentiate between depolarising and non-depolarising muscle

relaxation using the nerve stimulator? (6)b) Besides monitoring muscle relaxation, what other indication is the nerve stimulator

used for in anaesthesia? What adjustments must be made on the device or thetechnique of use for it to be safe and effective in this situation? (4)

c) Describe briefly how a pulse oximeter works. (5)d) List 4 factors that may influence an accurate reading of the pulse oximeter. (2)e) What is the reason for the gradient between arterial CO2and the end tidal CO2? Give

two conditions that can cause an increase in the gradient. (4)f) Name the two types of capnographs commonly used in anaesthesia and name one

disadvatage to each method. (4)[25]

2.3 Fisika


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a) Verduidelik hoe u sal onderskei tussen depolariserende en nie-depolariserendespierverslapping deur n senuweestimulator te gebruik. (6)

b) Behalwe monitering van spierverslapping, watter ander gebruik is daar vir diesenuweestimulator gedurende narkose? Watter veranderings moet gemaak word op diestimulator, of die tegniek van gebruik, om dit veilig en effektief te maak in hierdiesituasie? (4)

c) Verduidelik kortliks hoe n polsoksimeter werk. (5)d) Lys 4 faktore wat die akkuraatheid van die polsoksimeter kan benvloed. (2)

e) Wat is die rede vir die gradint tussen die arterile CO2en die eind-gety CO2 (ETCO2).Noem twee toestande wat n toename in die gradint sal veroorsaak.(4)f) Noem die twee tipe kapnograwe wat algemeen gebruik word in narkose en noem n

nadeel van elk. (4)[25]

2.4 Procedure / Laboratory

i) A poly-trauma patient is brought to theatre for emergency laparotomy and internalfixation of a fractured femur. You want to insert an arterial line.a) Briefly describe Allens Test for the collateral blood supply of the hand. (3)b) There is a dampened curve on the monitor. What can be the reasons? (3)c) List three complications of this procedure. (3)d) The delta down reading of the systolic pressure is 8 mmHg. How will you use

that to aid your haemodynamic management? (2)ii) A 65-year-old type 2 diabetic is booked for emergency laparotomy for septic abdomen

due to diverticular abscess rupture. He vomited for 2 days and appears confused anddehydrated. He weighs 85kg.The laboratory results read as follows

Sodium 154 mmol/l

Potassium 2,9 mmol/l

Urea 17 mmol/l

Creatinine 152 mmol/l

Random glucose 18 mmol/la) Calculate the patients osmolarity. (1)b) Using BUN(Blood urea)/Creatinine, and Urine Na, how can you differentiate acute

pre-renal from acute intra-renal failure? (4)c) Give a formula to correct the Potassium. (1)d) What are the clinical signs of severe hypernatremia. (4)e) What are the causes of hypernatremia? (4)

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2.4 Prosedure / Laborator ium

i) n Poli-trauma pasint word teater toe gebring vir n nood laparotomie en interne fiksasievan femurfraktuur. Jy wil n arterile lyn insit.a) Beskryf kortliks Allen se toets vir die kollaterale sirkulasie van die hand. (3)b) Daar is n gedempte kurwe op die monitor. Wat kan die redes wees? (3)c) Lys drie komplikasies van die prosedure. (3)d) Die delta-af (delta down) lesing van die sistoliese druk is 8 mmHg. Hoe sal jy

dit gebruik om te help met die hemodinamiese hantering van die pasint? (2)ii) n 65-Jarige tipe 2 diabeet word bespreek vir nood laparotomie vir septiese buik weens

die ruptuur van divertikulre abses. Hy het vir twee dae gebraak en kom verward engedehidreerd voor. Hy weeg 85kg.

Die laboratorium uitslae is as volg:

Natrium 154 mmol/l

Kalium 2,9 mmol/l

Ureum 17 mmol/l

Kreatinien 152 mmol/l

Lukraak glukose 18 mmol/la) Bereken die pasint se osmolariteit. (1)


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b) Hoe kan jy die BUN(bloed ureum)/Kreatinien en urine Na gebruik om te onderskeitussen akute pre-renale en akute intra-renale nierversaking? (4)

c) Gee die formule om die Kalium te korrigeer. (1)d) Wat is die kliniese tekens van erge hipernatremie? (4)e) Wat is die oorsake van hipernatremie? (4)

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Clinical Scenarios

Question 1

Scenario 1.1

a) A 55-year-old male with a BMI (body mass index) of 38 is undergoing an anterior resection forcolon cancer. Twenty minutes into the procedure, you notice that his oxygen saturation isfalling and is now 86% despite an FIO2(inspired oxygen) of 0.5.i) How do you classify obesity? (5)ii) Briefly discuss the anaesthetic implications of obesity. (10)iii) What actions can you take to improve his oxygenation? (5)

b) 24 hours post surgery; you are called to high care to see him. He has been givenintramuscular morphine, 2 hourly overnight. He is hypoxic with saturation of 87% on room air.His respiratory rate is 8/min.

c) What is your differential diagnosis and action plan for him? (5)[25]

Senario 1.1

a) n 55-Jarige man met n BMI van 38 ondergaan n anterior reseksie vir kolon kanker. Natwintig minute let jy op dat sy suurstof saturasie begin daal en ten spyte van n FiO 2(ingasemde suurstof fraksie) van 0.5 is die saturasie nou 86%.i) Hoe klasifiseer jy obesiteit? (5)ii) Bespreek kortliks die narkose implikasies van obesiteit. (10)iii) Watter aksies kan jy neem om sy oksigenasie te verbeter? (5)

b) 24 Uur na die operasie word jy na hosorg geroep om die pasint te sien. Hy het oornag 2uurlikse intramuskulre dosisse van morfien ontvang. Tans is hy hipoksies met saturasies van86% op kamerlug en n asemhalingspoed van 8/min.

c) Wat is jou diffirensile diagnose en plan van aksie vir hom? (5)[25]

Scenario 1.2

A 35-year-old P4 patient has just been referred to your hospital for a bilateral tubal ligation. She hada normal vaginal delivery at a district hospital 24 hours ago.

a) Discuss your peri-operative management under the following headingsi) Pre-operative assessment and investigations (give reasons for each test). (6)ii) Would you choose a spinal or general anaesthetic and give reasons for your choice. (2)iii) Give a brief description of your anaesthetic technique for a GA. (12)iv) Give your postoperative analgesia and fluid regime. Be specific about drugs and dosages.

(5)

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Senario 1.2

n 35-Jarige P4 pasint word na jou hospital verwys vir bilaterale afbinding van haar falopiusbuise(tubal ligation). Sy het 24 uur tevore normaal vaginaal gekraam in n distrikshospitaal.

a) Bespreek jou peri-operatiewe hantering onder die volgende opskriftei) Pre-operatiewe kliniese ondersoek en spesile ondersoeke (gee redes vir elke toets). (6)ii) Sal jy spinale of algemene narkose vir die pasient doen? Gee redes vir u keuse. (2)iii) Beskruif kortliks jou narkose tegniek vir algemene narkose in hierdie pasint. (12)iv) Wat is jou plan vir post-operatiewe vog en pynverligting? Wees spesifiek met betreking tot

middels en dossise. (5)


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Scenario 1.3

A 65-year-old man is scheduled for a TURP (Transuretral Resection of the Prostate) for bladderoutlet obstruction. He is a smoker with a smoking history of 40 pack years.a) Name the most important preoperative investigations you will request for this patient and

specifically name the objectives for each investigation. (7)b) Which factors would influence your choice of anaesthesia in this case? (5)

c) Twenty minutes after the start of the procedure, the patient becomes restless, hypotensive,diaphoretic and dyspnoeic. What is your differential diagnosis at this stage? (3)

d) Shortly afterwards, the patient become confused and develops arrhythmias and a lowoxygen saturation. A blood gas is taken with the following results

pH 7.32pO2 67mmHgpCO2 34mmHgHCO3- 21 mmHgHb 10.9Na+ 118mmol/LK+ 3,7mmol/LCa2+ 1.2mmmol/L

Glc 8.0 mmol/LLactate 3.25 mmol/L

i) What is the most probable diagnosis now? Explain the cause of this syndrome. (4)e) Which precautions can be taken to prevent this syndrome? (2)f) Briefly state how is this syndrome treated? (4)

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Senario 1.3

n 65-Jarige man is geskeduleer vir n TURP (Transuretrale Reseksie vd Prostaat) vir blaasuitgangobstruksie. Hy is n roker met `n rookgeskiedenis van 40 pakjare.a) Noem die belangrikste pre-operatiewe ondersoeke wat jy vir hierdie pasint sal aanvra en

noem spesifiek die doelwit met elke ondersoek. (7)b) Watter faktore sal jou keuse van narkose in hierdie geval benvloed? (5)c) Twintig minute na die aanvang van die prosedure ontwikkel die pasint rusteloosheid,

hipotensie, sweterigheid en dispnee. Wat is jou differensile diagnose op hierdie stadium?(3)

d) Kort hierna word die pasint deurmekaar en ontwikkel aritmie en n lae suurstof saturasie.n Bloedgas word geneem en toon die volgende resultate

pH 7.32pO2 67mmHgpCO2 34mmHgHCO3- 21 mmHgHb 10.9Na+ 118mmol/L

K+ 3,7mmol/LCa2+ 1.2mmmol/LGlc 8.0 mmol/LLaktaat 3.25 mmol/L

i) Wat is u diagnose nou? Verduidelik die oorsaak van hierdie sindroom. (4)e) Watter voorsorgmaatrels kan getref word om hierdie sindroom te voorkom? (2)f) Noem kortliks hoe die sindroom behandel word? (4)

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Scenario 1.4


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An HIV positive patient with severe pre-eclampsia and abruptio-placenta is booked for emergencycaesarian section. The obstetricians would like to do an urgent caesarean section. Her laboratoryresults read as follows

Hemoglobin 7,6 g/dlPlatelet count 80 x 109/lBleeding time 9 minPT 24 secPTT 45 sec

a) Describe your intra-operative anaesthetic approach to this patient, starting with induction andanaesthetic technique for this patient. Be specific about drug dosages and intra-operativefluid management and resuscitation. [25]

Scenario 1.4n MIV positiewe pasint met erge pre-eklampsie en abruptio word bespreek vir nood keisersnit.Haar laboratorium uitslae is as volg

Hemoglobien 7,6 g/dlPlaatjietelling 80 x 10 9 /lBleeding time 9 minPT 24 sec

PTT 45 sec

a) Beskryf jou intra-operatiewe narkose benadering tot hierdie pasint. Begin met induksie vannarkose en narkose tegniek vir die pasint. Wees spesifiek oor middels, dosisse en intra-operatiewe vog behandeling en resussitasie. [25]

Question 2

2.1 List 5 recovery room discharge criteria. (5)

2.2 Within 1 minute of starting to administer Cephazolin to a patient they develop thefollowing symptomsBronchospasm.Erythematous rash.

Hypotention.Some airway oedema.i) List your treatment plan. (5)

2.3 You are doing a supraclavicular brachial plexus block, with bupivacaine, on a 80 year oldlady. What are the signs and symptoms you are going to look out for to diagnose possiblebupivacaine toxicity? (5)

2.4 List the factors and drugs used during premedication or anaesthesia, which may increasethe risk of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV)? (5)

2.5 On emergence from anaesthesia for a breast abscess (with face mask or classic LMA)the patient starts to vomit List your actions. (5)

2.6 You have an 82-year-old lady on the table for a ORIF fractured neck of femur. She wasfound at home with a possible 24 hours nil by mouth history. List the physical signs areyou going to look for to evaluate her level of dehydration. (5)

2.7 A 70-year-old patient does not want to wake up after a general anaesthetic list yourdifferential diagnosis. (5)

2.8 Give at least 5 clinical signs of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. (5)

2.9 List at least 5 contraindications to doing a caudal regional block in a 6 year old forbilateral inguinal hernia repair. (5)


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2.10 A 23 kg child who has been Nil by mouth for 10 hours comes for a circumcision. What ishis fluid deficit? (show your equation) (5)

2.11 State if the following are True or Falsea) Sodium Thiopentone is an ultra-short acting oxy-barbiturate. (1)b) Methohexital is safe in variegate porphyria. (1)c) Propofol contains egg phosphatide. (1)d) Etomidate suppresses 12-hydroxylase. (1)e) Midazolam binds to GABA-receptors. (1)

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2.12 Regarding Dexmedetomidine- write one sentence under each of the following headingsa) Mechanism of action. (1)b) Clinical use. (1)c) Side-effects. (1)d) Dosage. (1)e) Drug interactions. (1)

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2.13 A 65-year-old woman undergoes a laparotomy for bowel obstruction. Before induction theexamination of her cardiovascular system was normal. Halfway through the operation herheart rate suddenly increased to 135/minute and palpation of the pulse reveals a pulse that

is irregular in rhythm as well as in volume.a) What do we call this dysrhythmia? (1)b) What changes do you expect to see on the ECG on the monitor? (1)c) What change do you expect to see on the CVP curve? (1)d) What is your immediate treatment if the blood pressure drops to 60/30? (2)

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2.14 A 4-year-old child undergoes strabismus repair. 15 minutes into the surgery, the heart ratedecreases to 50 beats per minute.a) What is the most likely cause of the bradycardia? (1)b) Which nerves are involved. (2)c) How do you manage this problem? (2)

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2.15 State the drug and dosage that you will administer to a 10 kg child in each of the followingcircumstancesa) Cardiac arrest. (1.5)b) Bradycardia. (1)c) Laryngospasm with complete obstruction. (1.5)d) Reversal of non-depolarising muscle relaxant. (1)

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2.16 Briefly describe the following scoresa) Mallampati II. (1)b) Cormack/Lehane II. (1)c) ASA II. (1)

d) ASA IIE. (1)e) ASA VI. (1)(5)

2.17 Indicate whether you will expect an increase (), decrease () or no effect () in each of thefollowing parameters during a sevofluorane anaesthetica) Liver blood flow. (1)b) Nondepolarising blockade. (1)c) Intracranial pressure. (1)d) Respiratory rate (spontaneous breathing). (1)e) Cardiac output. (1)

(5)


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2.18 Name the drug and initial dose, used to treat the followinga) Malignant hyperthermia. (2)b) Midazolam overdose. (1)c) Acute attack of porphyria. (1)d) Pethidine overdose. (1)

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2.19 Draw the expected capnogram in each of the following instancesa) Malignant hyperthermia. (1)b) Sudden cardiac arrest. (1)c) Endobronchial intubation. (1)d) Bronchospasm. (1)e) Depleted sodalime. (1)

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2.20 In terms of the muscle relaxants, choose a drug from the list in column B that bests fits thedescription in column A

Column A Column B

1 Nondepolarising drug contra-indicated in uxamethonium apnoea a). Suxamethonium

2 Metabolites may cause convulsions b). vecuronium

3 Hoffman elimination c). pancuronium

4 Vagolytic d). atracurium5 Masseter spasm e). Mivacurium

6. Inhibition of noradrenalin re-uptake at nerve endings

7. No cardiovascular effects

8 Myalgia

9 Freeze-dried powder

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2.1 Maak n lys van 5 herstelkamer ontslaan kriteria. (5)

2.2 Met toedienning (binne 1 minuut) van Cefazolien, ontwikkel n pasint die volgende sintomeBronkospasma.Eritemateuse veluitslag.

Hipotensie.Lugweg edeem.i) Noem kortliks hoe jy die pasint sal behandel. (5)

2.3 Jy doen n supraklavikulre bragiale pleksus-blok met bupivikaen op n 80-Jarige vrou. Watis die tekens en simptome waarvoor jy gaan uitkyk om die moontlikheid van bupivikaentoksisiteit te diagnoseer? (5)

2.4 Lys die faktore en die middels wat kan gebruik word vir premedikasie en narkose, wat dierisiko van na-operatiewe braking en naarheid (PONV) kan verhoog. (5)

2.5 Met herstel van narkose vir n bors abses (toegedien met n gesigsmasker of Classic LMA),begin die pasint braak. Lys jou aksies. (5)

2.6 Jy gee narkose vir n 82-Jarige vrou vir n reduksie en interne fiksasie van n femurnekfraktuur. Sy is by die huis gevind met n moontlike 24 uur gesiedenis van nil per os. Lys diefisiese tekens en simptome waarna jy gaan kyk om haar vog toestand te evalueer. (5)

2.7 n 70-Jarige pasint wil nie wakker word na n algemene narkose nie. Lys jou differensilediagnose. (5)

2.8 Gee ten minste 5 klieniese tekens van diabetiese outonome neuropatie. (5)

2.9 Lys ten minste 5 kontra-indikasies om n koudale epidurale blok te doen vir n 6-Jarige kindwat kom vir n bilaterale inguinale breuk operasie. (5)


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2.10 n 23kg kind, wat 10 uur nil per os is, kom vir n besnydenis (engels circumcision). What is syvog agterstand? (Wys hoe jy dit uitwerk). (5)

2.11 Is die volgende Waar of Onwaara) Natrium Tiopentoon is n ultrakortwerkende oxy-barbituraat. (1)b) Metoheksitoon (Methohexital) is veilig in pophyria variegata. (1)c) Propofol bevat eier fosfatiede (egg phosphatide). (1)d) Etomidaat onderdruk 12- hidroksilase. (1)e) Midasolam bind met die GABA-reseptor. (1)

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2.12 Met betrekking tot Dexmedetomidine skryf een sin onder die volgende hoofdea) Meganisme van aksie (1)b) Klieniese gebruik. (1)c) Newe-effekte. (1)d) Dosering. (1)e) Middel-interaksies. (1)

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2.13 n 65-Jarige vrou ondergaan n laprotomie vir derm obstruksie. Voor induksie was haarkardiovaskulre ondersoek normaal. Halfpad deur die operasie styg haar polsslag skielik tot135/minuut. Jy voel die pols en dit wys n oneweredige ritme en volume.

a) Wat noem ons die arritmie? (1)b) Watter veranderinge verwag jy van die EKG op die monitor? (1)c) Watter veranderinge verwag jy in die SVD (CVP) kurwe? (1)d) Wat is jou onmiddelike behandeling indien die bloeddruk daal tot 60/30? (2)

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2.14 n 4-Jarige kind ondergaan strabisme chirurgie. 15 minuute na aanslag van narkose, daal diepolsslag tot 50/minuut.a) Wat is die mees warskynlike oorsaak van die bradikardie? (1)b) Watter senuwees is betrokke? (2)c) Hoe sal jy die probleem hanteer? (2)

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2.15 Noem die middels en dosis wat jy sal toedien vir n 10 kg kind in elk van die volgendesituasiesa) Kardiale arres. (1.5)b) Bradikardie. (1)c) Laringospasma met totale obstruksie van die lygweg. (1.5)d) Omkeer van nie-depolariserende spierverslapping. (1)

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2.16 Beskryf kortliks die volgende graderingsa) Mallampatie II. (1)b) Cormack/Lehane II. (1)c) ASA II. (1)d) ASA IIE. (1)

e) ASA VI. (1)[5]

2.17 Dui aan of jy n verhoging (), n daling () of geen effek () verwag in elk van die volgengdeparameters gedurende n Sevofluraan narkosea) Lewer bloedvloei. (1)b) Nie-depolariserende blok. (1)c) Intrakraniale druk. (1)d) Asemhalingspoed (spontaan asemhaling) (1)e) Kardiale omset. [5]

2.18 Noem die middel en dosis wat jy sak gebruik om die volgende te hanteera) Maligne hiperpireksie. (2)


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b) Midasolam oordosis. (1)c) Akute porfirie aanval. (1)d) Petidien (Pethidine). (1)

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2.19 Teken die kapnograaf kurwe wat jy sal verwag in die volgende instansiesa) Maligne hiperpireksie. (1)b) Skielike Kardiale arres. (1)c) Endobrongiale intubasie. (1)d) Brongospasma. (1)e) Natron Kalk is uitgeput. (1)

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2.20 In terme van spierverslappers, kies n middle in kolom B wat die beste pas by diebeskrywing in kolom A.

Kolom A Kolom B

1 Nie-depolariserende middel gekontra-indikeer in suksametoniumapnee.

a). Suksametonium

2 Metaboliete mag konvulsies veroorsaak. b). Vekuronium

3 Hoffman eliminasie c). Pankuronium

4 Vagolitiese d). Atrakurium

5 Masseter spasma e). Mivakurium6. Inhibisie van noradrenalien heropname by senuwee uitpunte

7. Geen kardiovasulre effekte

8 Mialgie

9 Gevriesdroogde poeier

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DA(SA)_Past_Papers 2

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