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welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi cvU© 02

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cvVmƒò-1 : BwZnvm I HwZGnÅi aviYv ‰es BwZnvGmi Dcv`vb

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wZwb BwZnv‡mi RbK wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb BwZnvm n‡jv hv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© wQj ev msNwUZ n‡qwQj Zv AbymÜvb Kiv I †jLv, U‡qbwei g‡Z mgv‡Ri RxebB BwZnvm| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ gvbeRxe‡bi AbšÍ NUbvcÖevnB BwZnvm|

O nu¨v, Avwg g‡b Kwi, AZx‡Zi Ávb jvf Qvov gvbeRxeb Am¤ú~Y©| gvbemgv‡Ri mf¨Zvi weeZ©‡bi mZ¨ wbf©i weeiY n‡”Q BwZnvm| ZvB ÁvbPP©vi kvLv wn‡m‡e BwZnv‡mi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| BwZnvm cvV gvbyl‡K AZx‡Zi †cÖwÿ‡Z eZ©gvb Ae ’v eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges fwel¨r Abyave‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| BwZnvm cv‡Vi d‡j gvby‡li c‡ÿ wb‡R I wbR †`k m¤ú‡K© g½j-Ag½‡ji c~e©vfvm cvIqv hvq| BwZnvm cvV gvby‡li Áv‡bi cwiwa e„w× K‡i| RvZxqZv‡eva, RvZxq msnwZ my „pKi‡Y BwZnvm cv‡Vi weKí †bB| BwZnvm cvV Ki‡j wePvi-we‡kølY ÿgZv ev‡o, hv `vk©wbK „wófw½ ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| d‡j ÁvbPP©vi cÖwZ AvMÖn R‡š§|

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m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 mygb weÁv‡bi QvÎ| BwZnvm co‡Z Zvi fv‡jv jv‡M| †m eB‡gjv †_‡K BwZnv‡mi GKwU eB wK‡b coj| †m AviI Rvbvi Rb¨ Kzwgjøvi gqbvgwZ Rv yNi †`L‡Z †Mj| †mLv‡b †m AZxZKv‡ji ivRv-ev`kvni e¨en„Z wRwbmcÎ, †cvovgvwUi g~wZ©, gvwUi cvÎ, KuvPvcqmv I Kuvmvi cvÎ †`‡L gy» n‡jv| [Xv. †ev. Õ20] K. Brwms †K wQ‡jb? 1 L. BwZnv‡mi ¯iƒc ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. myg‡bi cwVZ eBwU BwZnv‡mi †Kvb ai‡bi Dcv`vb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. myg‡bi cwVZ eB I `k©bxq Dcv`vb¸‡jvi mgš‡q c~Y©v½

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2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L Brwms wQ‡jb GKRb ˆPwbK cwieªvRK|

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2 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

N DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ myg‡bi cwVZ eBwU BwZnv‡mi wjwLZ Dcv`vb| e ‘Z †hme Z_¨cÖgv‡Yi Ici wfwË K‡i HwZnvwmK mZ¨Zv‡K cÖwZôv Kiv nq, wjwLZ Dcv`vb Zvi g‡a¨ GKwU| G wjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mvwnZ¨, ˆe‡`wkK weeiY, `wjjcÎ, ch©UK‡`i weeiY cÖf…wZ| GQvov ZrKvjxb mgvR, A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ, ag©, AvPvi-Abyôvb m¤úwK©Z wjwLZ wewfbœ Drm I wjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dr‡mi f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq| Giƒc GKwU wjwLZ Dcv`vbB n‡jv DÏxc‡K ewY©Z NUbvq myg‡bi cwVZ BwZnvm eBwU| G ai‡bi eB ev wjwLZ Drm †_‡K cÖvß HwZnvwmK Z‡_¨i gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ Drm †_‡K cÖvß HwZnvwmK Abygvb ev wm×všÍ ‡jv mÿg nq mZ¨wbô BwZnv‡mi gh©v`vc~Y© ’v‡b AeZxY© n‡Z| BwZnv‡m ZvB wjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi ¸iæZ¡

A‡bK| GKwU mZ¨wbô BwZnvm I Ávb AR©‡b G wjwLZ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni †Kv‡bv weKí †bB| myZivs Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z myg‡bi cwVZ eBwU BwZnv‡mi wjwLZ Dcv`v‡biB D`vniY|

O nu¨v, DÏxc‡K cÖYxZ myg‡bi cwVZ eB I `k©bxq Dcv`vb¸‡jvi mgš‡q GKwU c~Y©v½ BwZnvm iPbv m¤¢e| BwZnvm iPbvi ywU cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv wjwLZ Dcv`vb Ges AwjwLZ Dcv`vb| wjwLZ Dcv`vb D³ welq m¤úwK©Z KwZcq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ ev wb‡iU mZ¨ msewjZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wj‡ji f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq| AwjwLZ Dcv`vbmg~n †hgbÑ cÖZœZË¡, gy ªv, wkjvwjwc, ͤ¢wjwc, BgviZ, K…wl DcKiY, bMivqY cÖf…wZ D³ Z‡_¨i mZ¨Zv

cÖgv‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mnvqK kw³i f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q GKwU mZ¨wbô BwZnvm iPbvi ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`v‡bi ¯xK…wZ AR©b K‡i| †hgbÑ DÏxc‡Ki mygb eB‡gjv †_‡K BwZnvm eB †Kbvi cvkvcvwk †m D³ cy ÍK msewjZ Z‡_¨i mZ¨Zv cÖgvY A_ev ev Íe AwfÁZv AR©‡b Kzwgjøvi gqbvgwZ Rv yNi †`L‡Z hvq| GLv‡b †m AZxZKv‡ji ivRv-ev`kvni e¨en„Z wRwbmcÎ, gvwUi cvÎ, Kuvmvi cvÎ I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbm †`‡L| hv Zv‡K GKwU mZ¨wbô c~Y©v½ BwZnvm iPbvq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| myZivs Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq, DÏxc‡Ki myg‡bi cwVZ eB I `k©bxq Dcv`vb¸‡jvi mgš‡q wbtm‡›`‡n GKwU c~Y©v½ BwZnvm iPbv m¤¢e|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 iwb BwZnvm co‡Z Lye cQ›` K‡i| ZvB BwZnvm K¬v‡m †m Ab¨‡`i †P‡q GKUz †ewkB g‡bv‡hvMx| †m g‡b K‡i gvbe mgv‡Ri AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z n‡j Aek¨B BwZnvm cvV cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`v‡bi Afv‡e mwVK BwZnvm iwPZ n‡”Q bv| [Wv. Lv¯ÍMxi miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg] K. BwZnv‡mi RbK Kv‡K ejv nq? 1 L. BwZnv‡mi wjwLZ Dcv`vb †Kb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©? 2 M. BwZnvm Kxfv‡e gvbe mgv‡Ri AMÖMwZi aviv eY©bv K‡i Zv

iwbi e³‡e¨i Av‡jv‡K Zz‡j ai| 3 N. ÔwjwLZ I AwjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi mgš‡qi gva¨‡g AZx‡Zi

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L BwZnv‡mi RbK ejv nq †n‡iv‡WvUvm‡K|

M BwZnv‡mi wjwLZ Dcv`vbmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mvwnZ¨, bw_cÎ, Rxebx, `wjjcÎ, wPwVcÎ cÖf…wZ AšÍfz©³| Gme wjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi gva¨‡g gvbyl I AZxZ mgv‡Ri BwZnvm Rvbv m¤¢e| BwZnv‡mi cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`vb Z_v g~wZ©, §„wZ ͤ¢, gy ªv, wjwc cÖf…wZ gvbeRxe‡bi AZxZ

m¤ú‡K© c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i bv| G Kvi‡Y BwZnvm iPbvq wjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| wjwLZ Dcv`vb AZxZ NUbvi we ÍvwiZ weeiY Zz‡j a‡i| ZvB BwZnvm iPbvq wjwLZ Dcv`vb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

N BwZnvm mvaviYZ gvbyl ev gvbemgvR wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| mvgvwRKfv‡e Rxebhvcb K‡i e‡j gvby‡li Avkcv‡ki cwi‡ekI BwZnv‡mi Av‡jvPbvi g‡a¨ P‡j Av‡m| BwZnvm cv‡Vi gva¨‡g gvbemgv‡Ri ïiæ †_‡K Zvi hveZxq Kg©KvÐ, wPšÍv‡PZbv I RxebhvÎvi AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf Kiv hvq| †Kbbv BwZnv‡mi cÖavb DcRxe¨ welq n‡jv Ôgvbemgv‡Ri aviv eY©bvÕ| A_©vr BwZnvm gvby‡li AZxZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| BwZnvm †KejgvÎ wKQy NUbvi mgwó bq| NUbvi AšÍiv‡j †h mZ¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q Zv‡K D &NvUb KivB n‡jv BwZnvm iPwqZvi `vwqZ¡| hyM-hyMvšÍi a‡i gvbyl Zvi cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ msMÖvg K‡i GwM‡q P‡j‡Q| GKmgq gvbyl wQj ¸nvevmx| †mB gvbyl cÖK…wZ I cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ wbišÍi msMÖvg K‡i mgvR M‡o‡Q| gvby‡li AMÖMwZ AvR c„w_ex Qvwo‡q gnvKv‡k Qy‡U Pj‡Q| gvby‡li G RqhvÎvi Kvwnbx, Zvi mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zvi mewKQyB BwZnv‡mi DcRxe¨| BwZnvm gvbem„ó mf¨Zv, ms¯‹…wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| †Kbbv gvbyl Kxfv‡e mf¨Zvi hy‡M G‡mwQj Ges Kxfv‡e Zviv ms¯‹…wZ cÖZ¨qwU eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj ZvI BwZnv‡mi DcRxe¨ welq| myZivs m„wói ïiæ †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ gvbyl Kxfv‡e GwM‡q Pj‡Q BwZnvm Zvi aviv eY©bv K‡i| mf¨Zvi DÌvb, weKvk I cZb mewKQyiB bxie mvÿx n‡”Q BwZnvm| BwZnvmB gvbemgv‡Ri weKv‡ki aviv Zz‡j a‡i|

O BwZnvm iPbvi Dcv`vbmg~n mvaviYZ yB fv‡M wef³; †hgb wjwLZ Dcv`vb I AwjwLZ Dcv`vb| wjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ mvwnZ¨, bw_cÎ, Rxebx, `wjjcÎ, wPwVcÎ cÖf…wZ AšÍfz©³| Ab¨w`‡K, AwjwLZ Dcv`vb g~jZ cÖZœZvwË¡K wb`k©b| g~wZ©, §„wZ ͤ¢, gy ªv, wjwc, BgviZ BZ¨vw` cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`vb| Gme Dcv`v‡bi gva¨‡g wewfbœ gvbyl I mgv‡Ri BwZnvm Rvbv m¤¢e| Z‡e cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`vb gvbeRxe‡bi AZxZ AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i bv| †m‡ÿ‡Î Aek¨B wjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi Ici wbf©i Ki‡Z nq| BwZnvm iPbvq BwZnv‡mi Dfq Dcv`vbB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ïay wjwLZ Dcv`vb wKsev AwjwLZ Dcv`vb Øviv c~Y©v½ BwZnvm iPbv m¤¢e bq| †Kbbv GKwU gvÎ Dcv`vb BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© c~Y© Z_¨ w`‡Z cv‡i bv| GKRb HwZnvwm‡Ki `vwqZ¡ mg Í Drm †_‡K cÖvß Z‡_¨i mgšq mvab K‡i mwVK BwZnvm iPbv Kiv| BwZnvm Kíbvwejvmx †Kv‡bv fv‡ei e Íy bq| G‡Z Av‡eM KL‡bv cÖvavb¨ cvq bv| ZvB BwZnv‡mi Drm n‡Z n‡e h_v_© I ev Íeagx©| Avi G‡ÿ‡Î BwZnv‡mi wjwLZ I AwjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi mgšq mvab `iKvi| wjwLZ I AwjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi mgšq mva‡bi gva¨‡g mwVK I c~Y©v½ BwZnvm iPbv m¤¢e|

cvVm~Î-2 : BwZnv‡mi cÖKvi‡f` I welqe¯‘; BwZnv‡mi ¯iƒc I cwimi Ges BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4 kvwnbv g¨vWvg `kg †kÖwY‡Z BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb gvbemgv‡Ri ïiæ †_‡K hveZxq Kg©KvÐ, RxebhvÎvi AMÖMwZ BwZnvm †_‡K Rvbv hvq| wZwb AviI ej‡jb, †`k I RvwZi AMÖMwZi Rb¨ BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| [mKj †evW© Õ18] K. Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i †Kv_vq Aew ’Z? 1 L. BwZnvm‡K wjwLZ `wjj ejv nq †Kb? 2

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 3

M. g¨vWv‡gi e³‡e¨i Av‡jv‡K BwZnv‡mi welqe ‘i e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. †`k I RvwZi AMÖMwZi Rb¨ BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

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4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L Dqvix-e‡Uk¦i biwms`x †Rjvi †ejve Dc‡Rjvq Aew ’Z|

M BwZnvm n‡jv eZ©gvb I AZx‡Zi g‡a¨ GK AšÍnxb msjvc| g~jZ wjwLZ I AwjwLZ Dcv`v‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvwi| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î AwjwLZ ev cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`v‡bi gva¨‡g BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Rvbv m¤¢e nq bv| wKš‘ H cÖZœZvwË¡K Dcv`v‡bi Qwe I Z_¨ eB‡q c‡o BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq| Avi G Kvi‡YB BwZnvm‡K wjwLZ `wjj ejv nq|

N DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kvwnbv g¨vWv‡gi e³‡e¨i Av‡jv‡K BwZnv‡mi welqe ‘i w`KwU ¸iæZ¡ †c‡q‡Q| gvbemgvR mf¨Zvi AMÖMwZi m¤úÖmvwiZ n‡”Q BwZnvm| gvbyl Zvi mgvR I mf¨Zvi avivevwnK cwieZ©‡bi cÖgvY I wjwLZ `wjj n‡jv BwZnvm| DÏxc‡Ki kvwnbv g¨vWvg Zvi wkÿv_©x‡`i gvbemgv‡Ri mvwe©K w`K m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z BwZnv‡mi welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi e¨vcv‡i Bw½Z cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| HwZnvwmK wf‡Kv g‡b K‡ib, gvbemgvR I gvbexq cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni DrcwË I weKvkB n‡”Q BwZnv‡mi welqe ‘| myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, gvby‡li ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AR©b hv gvbemgvR I mf¨Zvi DbœwZ I AMÖMwZ‡Z

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O Ô†`k I RvwZi AMÖMwZi Rb¨ BwZnvm cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

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Aa¨vq wek¦mf¨Zv (wgki, wmÜy, wMÖK I †ivg)

2

cvVm~Î-1 : wgkixq mf¨Zv

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O nu¨v, Avwg g‡b Kwi †h, wgkixq mf¨Zvi Awaevmx‡`i cÖvq mKj Kg©Kv‡ÐB a‡g©i cÖfve wQj| cÖvPxb wgkixq‡`i g‡Zv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv RvwZ Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î GZUv ag©xq wbqgKvbyb Abykvmb Øviv cÖfvweZ wQj bv| †m Kvi‡Y gvbemf¨Zvi A‡bK a¨vbaviYv, ixwZbxwZ, AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi Rš§ cÖvPxb wgk‡i| Zviv Roe ‘i c~Rv KiZ, g~wZ©c~Rv KiZ, Avevi RxeRš‘i c~RvI KiZ| wewfbœ mg‡q Zv‡`i ag©wek¦v‡mi cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| wgkixq‡`i aviYv wQj, m~h©‡`eZv Ô†iÕ ev ÔAvgb †iÕ Ges cÖvK…wZK kw³, km¨ I bxjb‡`i †`eZv ÔIwmwimÕ wgwjZfv‡e mgMÖ c„w_ex cwiPvwjZ K‡i| Z‡e Zv‡`i Rxe‡b m~h©‡`eZv Ô†iÕ-Gi ¸iæZ¡ wQj me‡P‡q †ewk|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 †kÖwYK‡ÿ wUPvi ej‡jb, wgki‡K ejv nq bxjb‡`i `vb| cÖvq mvZk eQi c~‡e© Li‡mªvZv bxjb‡`i Kivj MÖvm †_‡K gyw³i j‡ÿ¨ D™¢veb K‡i‡Q euva †`Iqvi c×wZ| Ávb-weÁvb PP©vq wgkixqiv GZ AMÖmi n‡qwQj †h, c„w_exi mßvðh© e ‘ ‡jvi g‡a¨ wgkixq wcivwgW I g„Z‡`n gwgKiY Ab¨Zg| GRb¨ wgkixq‡`i‡K BwZnv‡m †kÖô wbg©vZv e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq| [Wv. Lv¯ÍMxi miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg] K. cÖ_g MYZ‡š¿i m~Pbv nq †Kv_vq? 1 L. wmÜy mf¨Zv‡K bMi mf¨Zv ejv nq †Kb? 2

4 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

M. wgki‡K bxjb‡`i `vb ejvi KviY Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

N. Ôwgkixqiv wQj BwZnvm †kÖô wbg©vZvÕ Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4 2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

L cÖ_g MYZ‡š¿i m~Pbv nq G‡_‡Ý|

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wef³ wQj e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

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3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L wùsKm wQj dvivI‡`i AvwfRvZ¨ kw³i cÖZxK|

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O Ônu¨vÕ Avwg g‡b Kwi, DÏxc‡Ki g~wZ©My‡jv †h mf¨Zvi cÖwZ”Qwe †m mf¨Zvi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv wjwc ev Aÿi Avwe®‹vi| G g~wZ©My‡jv cÖvPxb wgkixq mf¨Zvi wb`k©b| Avi G wgkixq mf¨Zvq Ae`vb n‡jv wjwc ev Aÿi Avwe®‹vi| wgkixq mf¨Zvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb ˆewkó¨ wQj wjwc ev Aÿi Avwe®‹vi| bMimf¨Zv weKv‡ki m‡½ m‡½ wgkixq wjLb c×wZi D™¢e N‡U| cuvP nvRvi eQi c~‡e© Zviv me©cÖ_g 24wU e¨Äbe‡Y©i eY©gvjv Avwe®‹vi K‡i| cÖ_gw`‡K Qwe Gu‡K Zviv g‡bi fve cÖKvk KiZ| G wjLb c×wZi bvg wQj wPÎwjwc| G wPÎwjwc‡K ejv nq nvqv‡ivwMøwdK ev cweÎ Aÿi| G wjwcMy‡jv e¨envi n‡Zv ag©xq evYx Ges ivRvi Av‡`k cÖPv‡ii Rb¨| †m Kvi‡YB wPÎwjwci bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv †jLv kyiy KiZ Wvb w`K †_‡K Ges †kl KiZ evg w`‡K| wjLb c×wZ we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h,

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evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 5

evbv‡Z †k‡L| †mB KvM‡Ri Ici Zviv wjLZ| wMÖKiv G KvM‡Ri bvg †`q c¨vwcivm| †h kã †_‡K Bs‡iwR †ccvi k‡ãi DrcwË| `xN© mgq c¨vwciv‡mi Ici Zviv wewfbœ welq wjwce× KiZ| G ai‡bi A‡bK c¨vwcivm †ivj Kiv Ae ’vq cvIqv †M‡Q wcivwg‡Wi wfZ‡i|

cvVm~Î-2 : wmÜymf¨Zv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4 bxjv Zvi evevi mv‡_ GKwU kni †`L‡Z †ei n‡jv| kniwU Pviw`‡K cÖvPxi Øviv myiwÿZ| c~e© cwiKíbv Abyhvqx DuPz wfwËi Dci kniwU wbwg©Z| bMixi †fZi w`‡q P‡j †M‡Q cvKv iv Ív| iv Ív¸‡jv wQj †mvRv| cÖ‡Z¨KwU evwo‡Z †Lvjv RvqMv, K‚c I mœvbvMvi wQj| [iscyi miKvwi evwjKv D”P we`¨vjq] K. †Kv_vq †ivgvb mf¨Zv M‡o D‡V‡Q? 1 L. wgkixq‡`i wjLb c×wZ Avwe®‹v‡ii eY©bv `vI| 2 M. bxjvi †`Lv kn‡ii mv‡_ cvV¨eB‡qi †Kvb mf¨Zvi

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’vcZ¨ ˆkjxi wb`k©b †i‡L‡Q? Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L BZvwj‡Z UvBevi b`xi Zx‡i †ivgvb mf¨Zv M‡o D‡V|

M wgkixq mf¨Zvi Ab¨Zg ˆewk󨸇jv wjLb c×wZi Avwe®‹vi|

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m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5

[w`. †ev. Õ20] K. ÔBwjqWÕ I ÔIwWwmÕ gnvKv‡e¨i †jLK †K wQ‡jb? 1 L. wgkixqiv gwg ˆZwi KiZ †Kb? 2 M. DÏxcK mswkøó wPθ‡jv †Kvb mf¨Zvi ¯vÿi enb K‡i?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. AvaywbK MYZ‡š¿i weKv‡k D³ mf¨Zv Avgv‡`i‡K FYx K‡i

†i‡L‡Q we‡kølY Ki| 4

5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L ÔBwjqWÕ I ÔIwWwmÕ gnvKv‡e¨i †jLK wQ‡jb gnvKwe †nvgvi|

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6 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

O AvaywbK MYZ‡š¿i weKv‡k D³ mf¨Zv A_©vr wMÖK mf¨Zv Avgv‡`i FYx K‡i †i‡L‡Q| MYZš¿ AvaywbK we‡k¦ eûj cÖPwjZ GKwU ivóªe¨e ’v| Aek¨ †mB cÖvPxbKv‡j G‡_‡Ý †h MYZš¿ jÿ Kiv wM‡qwQj Zv GKw`‡b Av‡mwb| GRb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv avc AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gw`‡K wMÖ‡m Ab¨me iv‡óªi g‡Zv ivRvi nv‡ZB me ÿgZv wQj| wZwb AwfRvZ Avi cy‡ivwnZ‡`i wb‡q ivóª Pvjv‡Zb| wKš‘ G ivRZvwš¿K e¨e ’vq GKmgq cwieZ©b n‡jv| µ‡g ivRvi nv‡Z _vKv g~j ÿgZv¸‡jv K‡g Av‡m| ÿgZv¸‡jv P‡j Avm‡Z _v‡K AwfRvZ‡`i nv‡Z| mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ G‡_‡Ýi RbMY AwaKvi m‡PZb n‡Z _v‡K Ges Ôm‡jvbÕ bvgK GK weL¨vZ e¨w³ mgvR ms¯‹v‡i GwM‡q Av‡mb| Zvi mgq MYZ‡š¿i wfwË ˆZwi nq| Gici AviI K‡qKRb †bZv RbKj¨vYgyLx c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| Z‡e P‚ovšÍfv‡e MYZš¿ cÖwZôv K‡ib †cwiwK¬m| wZwb bvMwiK‡`i mKj AwaKvi cÖ vb K‡ib| bvMwiKiv Gmgq cÖkvmb, AvBb I wePvi wefv‡M Aev‡a Ask wb‡Z cviZ| g~jZ Gmgq †_‡KB we‡k¦ AvaywbK MYZ‡š¿i hvÎv ïiæ nq| †h Kvi‡Y MYZš¿ weKv‡k wMÖK mf¨Zv Avgv‡`i FYx K‡i †i‡L‡Q|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 6 wPÎwU †`L Ges wb‡Pi cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :

„k¨cU-1 „k¨cU-2

[w`. †ev. Õ19] K. †Kvb mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv ª‡e¨i IRb cwigvc Ki‡Z wk‡LwQj? 1 L. Ôwgki‡K bxjb‡`i `vbÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. „k¨cU-1 G †Kvb mf¨Zvi Ae`v‡bi ˆewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. mf¨Zvi Ae`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î „k¨cU 1 I 2 Gi g‡a¨ AšÍwb©wnZ

wgj †KvbwU we‡kølY Ki| 4

6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L wmÜy mf¨Zvi Awaevmxiv ª‡e¨i IRb cwigvc Ki‡Z wk‡LwQj|

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cwjgvwU| G gvwUi Kvi‡Y wgkixqiv bvbviKg dmj djv‡Z cv‡i| bxjb` hw` bv _vKZ wgki giæf‚wg‡Z cwiYZ n‡Zv| ZvB wgki‡K bxjb‡`i `vb ejv nq|

N „k¨cU-1 G wMÖK mf¨Zvi †Ljvayjv Ae`v‡bi ˆewkó¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wMÖK mf¨Zvq wkï‡`i †Ljvayjvi cÖwZ we‡kl bRi †`Iqv n‡Zv| we`¨vj‡q Zv‡`i †Ljvayjvi nv‡ZLwo n‡Zv| kixiPP©v †Ljvayjvi cÖwZ wMÖK‡`i h‡_ó AvMÖn wQj| Drm‡ei w`‡b wMÖ‡m bvbv ai‡bi µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n‡Zv| Gi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q weL¨vZ wQj †`eZv wRD‡mi m¤§v‡b AbywôZ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| Awjw¤úK µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wMÖ‡mi †kÖô µxovwe`iv Ask wbZ| G‡Z †`ŠoSuvc, gjøhy×, PvKv wb‡ÿc, ek©v †Qvov, gywóhy× BZ¨vw` welq cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi e¨e ’v _vKZ| weRqx‡`i RjcvB Mv‡Qi Wvj-cvZvq ˆZwi gvjv w`‡q cyi¯‹…Z Kiv n‡Zv| cÖwZ Pvi eQi ci ci GB †Ljv AbywôZ n‡Zv| G †Ljvq wewfbœ bMiiv‡óªi †L‡jvqvoiv Ask wbZ| G †Ljv‡K wN‡i wMÖK bMiivóª ‡jvi g‡a¨ kÎæZvi e`‡j †mŠnv ©c~Y© g‡bvfve M‡o I‡V| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, „k¨cU-1 G †Ljv¸‡jv wMÖK mf¨Zvi †Ljvayjvi mv‡_ mv „k¨c~Y©|

O mf¨Zvi Ae`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î „k¨cU 1 I 2-Gi g‡a¨ AšÍwb©wnZ wgj n‡jv †Ljvayjv I AvB‡bi gva¨‡g ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ kÎæZvi e`‡j †mŠnv ©c~Y© g‡bvfve M‡o †Zvjv| Awjw¤úK µxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wMÖ‡mi †kÖô µxovwe`iv Ask wbZ| G‡Z †`ŠoSuvc, gjøhy×, PvKv wb‡ÿc, ek©v †Qvov, gywóhy× BZ¨vw` welq cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi e¨e ’v _vKZ| weRqx‡`i RjcvB Mv‡Qi Wvj-cvZvq ˆZwi gvjv w`‡q cyi¯‹…Z Kiv n‡Zv| cÖwZ Pvi eQi ci ci G †Ljv AbywôZ n‡Zv| G †Ljvq wewfbœ bMiiv‡óªi †L‡jvqvoiv Ask wbZ| G †Ljv‡K wN‡i wMÖK bMiivóª ‡jvi g‡a¨ kÎæZvi e`‡j †mŠnv ©c~Y© g‡bvfve M‡o I‡V| Aciw`‡K wLªóc~e© cuvP kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q †ivgvbiv †dŠR`vwi I †`Iqvwb AvBb¸‡jv myôzfv‡e GK m‡½ mvRv‡Z mÿg nb| 540 wLªóc~e©v‡ã 12wU †eªvÄcv‡Z me©cÖ_g AvBb¸‡jv †Lv`vB K‡i wjwLZ nq Ges RbMY‡K †`Lvevi Rb¨ cÖKvk¨ Szwj‡q ivLv nq †ivgvb AvB‡bi „wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| †ivgvb AvBb‡K †emvgwiK AvBb,

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Aa¨vq cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc`

3

cvVm~Î-1 : evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK ˆewkó¨ I cÖfve

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N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki ˆewPΨgq cÖvK…wZK Ae ’vb cÖwZiÿvi †ÿ‡Î D³ A‡ji gvbyl‡K wKQyUv evowZ myweav w`‡q‡Q Ñ †Zvgvi Dˇi h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Ki| 4

1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L wLªóc~e© cuvP kZK †_‡K wLªóªxq Qq kZK ch©šÍ mgqKvj‡K Avw` HwZnvwmK hyM ejv nq|

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evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 7

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GQvov G ivóª ev A‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK ˆewkó¨ G A‡ji gvbyl‡K fxlYfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki wekvj mgf‚wg, cÖPzi b`-b`x †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vq GKwU eo gva¨g wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Q| AvenvIqv bvwZkx‡Zvò nIqvq †`kevmx‡K Zv †Kvgj I kvšÍ ^fv‡ei K‡i‡Q| So-R‡jv”Q¡v‡mi mv‡_ hy× Ki‡Z wM‡q gvbyl

msMÖvgx n‡q D‡V‡Q| Avi Gme ˆewkó¨ evOvwj RbRxeb‡K bvbvfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q|

O nu¨v, Avwg g‡b Kwi †h, ˆewPΨgq cÖvK…wZK Ae ’vb cÖwZiÿvi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K wKQyUv evowZ myweav w`‡q‡Q|

†hgb b`-b`x G‡`k‡K `xN©Kvj Avovj K‡i †i‡LwQj we‡`wk kw³i †jvfvZzi „wó †_‡K| AwaKš‘ c~e© cvwK Ívb I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi g‡a¨ cÖvq 1100 gvB‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK ~iZ¡ 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡× evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`‡q weivU f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| G‡`‡ki `wÿ‡Y i‡q‡Q e‡½vcmvM‡ii wekvj bxj Rjivwk| `wÿY-c~‡e© wgqvbgvi Qvov mgMÖ †`kwUi evwK mxgv‡iLv fviZ w`‡q cwi‡ewóZ| Gi AwaKvsk AÂjB mgf‚wg, AmsL¨ b`-b`x Avi Lvj-wej Qwo‡q Av‡Q G‡`‡ki eyKRy‡o| cÖ ‘i b`-b`x _vKvq G‡`‡ki †hvMv‡hvM I gvjvgvj cwien‡bi GKwU eo gva¨g b`xc_| we‡`wk AvµgY †_‡K †`k iÿvq ZvB mn‡RB †bŠhy‡× cvi`k©x n‡q IVvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q evOvwj ˆmb¨‡`i| cvkvcvwk De©i f‚wgi Kvi‡Y K…wlwfwËK mgvRI M‡o D‡V‡Q Ges bvwZkx‡Zvò AvenvIqvi `iæb evOvwj †c‡q‡Q †Kvgj I kvšÍ ¯fve| myZivs Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq, ˆewPΨgq cÖvK…wZK Ae ’v‡bi `iæbB cÖwZiÿv I mvgwMÖK †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl †fŠ‡MvwjKfv‡e GKwU evowZ myweav jvf K‡i‡Q|

cvVm~Î-2 : Rbc`

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N DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mswkøó| 1947 mv‡j cvwK Ívb iv‡óªi Rš§ n‡j Ôivóªfvlv cÖ‡kœ bvbv RíbvKíbv Pj‡Z _v‡K| kZKiv 56 fvM gvby‡li gvZ…fvlv evsjv m‡Ë¡I cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx D y©‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi †Póv K‡i| Gi †cÖwÿ‡Z XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_© weÁvb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡k‡gi †bZ…‡Z¡ ZgÏyb gRwjk MwVZ nq| GwUB wQj fvlv ÔAv‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g msMVb| ZgÏyb gRwj‡ki D‡`¨v‡M fvlv Av‡›`vjb‡K ivR‰bwZK iƒc`v‡bi Rb¨ 47-Gi wW‡m¤i gv‡m MwVZ nq cÖ_g ivóª msMÖvg cwil`| 1948 mv‡ji 19†k gvP© cvwK Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKvq Av‡mb| 21†k gvP© igbvi ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b

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O ÒD³ Av‡›`vjb A_©vr fvlv Av‡›`vjbB cieZ©x Kv‡j mKj Av‡›`vj‡bi Aby‡cÖiYv hy‡M‡qwQj|Ó Dw³wU h_v_© I mwVK| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GK Abb¨ mvaviY NUbv| cvwK Ív‡bi ˆelg¨g~jK AvPi‡Yi weiæ‡× fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQj evOvwj RvwZi cÖ_g cÖwZev` I we‡ ªvn| GwU evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i cÖ_g †cÖiYv, hv cieZ©x wewfbœ Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡g evOvwj RvwZi Rb¨ †cÖiYvi Drm wn‡m‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cÖwZ Aegvbbv evOvwji gb‡K cÖejfv‡e bvov w`‡qwQj| Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj, cvwK Ívwb‡`i nv‡Z Zv‡`i fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, A_©bxwZ wKQyB wbivc` bq| G Av‡›`vj‡bi djkÖæwZ‡ZB evOvwj‡`i g‡a¨ RvZxqZvev‡`i exR ecb Kiv nq| hvi d‡j m¤¢e nq lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ¯vwaKvi Av`v‡q ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb| GiB avivevwnKZvq cieZ©x‡Z ¯vqËkvm‡bi `vwe †_‡K ¯vaxbZvi `vwe Ges ZviB d‡j exi evOvwj gyw³hy‡× Rqjvf K‡i ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q NUvq| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ZvB ejv hvq, 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb cieZ©x mKj Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖiYvi Drm|

cvVm~Î-2 : fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi P‚ovšÍ ch©vq

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 KÉwkíx AvivdvZ Zvi cwiev‡ii AvcwË m‡Ë¡I †Q‡j‡K evsjv gva¨‡g cov‡e e‡j wVK K‡ib| wZwb †Q‡j‡K evsjv ï× D”Pvi‡YÑ KweZv I Mvb †kLvb| Zvi memgq evsjvi gvby‡li AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K_v g‡b nq| wZwb gyw³hy‡×i mgq †KvjKvZvi ivRc‡_ ¯vaxbZvi c‡ÿ Mvb †M‡q gvbyl‡K DrmvwnZ K‡ib Ges A_© msMÖn K‡ib| cwiev‡ii †jvKRb Zv‡K G e¨vcv‡i h‡_ó mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj| [h. †ev. Õ19]

10 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

K. gywRebMi miKvi †Kv_vq kc_ MÖnY K‡i? 1 L. e½eÜy msm`xq c×wZi miKvi e¨e ’vi cÖeZ©b K‡ib †Kb? 2 M. mšÍv‡bi †jLvcovi e¨vcv‡i Rbve Avivdv‡Zi g‡a¨ †Kvb

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N mšÍv‡bi †jLvcovi e¨vcv‡i Rbve Avivdv‡Zi g‡a¨ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †PZbv‡eva KvR K‡iwQj| DÏxc‡Ki KÉwkíx AvivdvZ Zvi cwiev‡ii AvcwË m‡Ë¡I †Q‡j‡K evsjv gva¨‡g cov‡e e‡j wVK K‡ib| wZwb †Q‡j‡K evsjv ï× D”Pvi‡Y KweZv I Mvb †kLvb| Zvi me mgq evsjvi gvby‡li AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K_v g‡b nq| DÏxc‡Ki G NUbvi mv‡_ cvV¨eB‡qi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q| fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQj evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb| 1947 mv‡ji 14B AvMó cvwK Ívb ivóª cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB cwðg cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx D y©‡K ivóª fvlv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| Gi cÖwZev‡` XvKvq QvÎ, wkÿK I ivRbxwZwe`iv, ZgÏyb gRwjm, ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`, me© jxq ivóª fvlv msMÖvg cwil` MVb K‡i| cvwK Ív‡bi MYcwil‡` ax‡i› ªbv_ `Ë cÖ_g evsjv fvlvi c‡ÿ `vwe DÌvcb K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvi `vwe gv‡bwb cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx| hvi d‡j c~e© evsjvi QvÎ-wkÿKmn me© ͇ii RbMY ivRc‡_ Av‡›`vj‡b bv‡g| 1952 mv‡ji 21†k †deªæqvwi QvÎiv wgwQj wb‡q †ei n‡j cywjk wgwQ‡j ¸wjel©Y K‡i| d‡j iwdK, mvjvg, eiKZ, ReŸvimn bvg bv Rvbv A‡b‡KB kwn` nb| fvlvi Rb¨ gvby‡li Ggb AvZ¥Z¨vM LyeB weij| ZvB KÉwkíx AvivdvZ evsjv fvlvi kwn`‡`i GB AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K_v ¯§iY K‡i Zvi †Q‡j‡K cwiev‡ii AvcwË m‡Ë¡I evsjv gva¨‡g cov‡kvbvi wm×všÍ †bq Ges evsjv ï× D”Pvi‡Yi Rb¨ KweZv I Mvb †kLvb|

O Rbve Avivdv‡Zi g‡Zv ¯vaxbZvKvgx gvbylR‡bi f‚wgKvi

d‡jB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q Dw³wU h_v_©| evsjvi gvbyl wQj gyw³i cvMj| `xN© mgq evOvwjiv we‡`wk‡`i Øviv kvwlZ I †kvwlZ n‡Z _v‡K| d‡j we‡`wk‡`i kvmb I †kvl‡Yi bvM cvk †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ e¨vKzj wQj| Avi gyw³i cÖ_g cÖwZev` wQj fvlv Av‡›`vjb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b evOvwjiv mdjZv AR©b K‡i d‡j Zv‡`i mvnm †e‡o hvq Zviv gyw³i Rb¨ AvZ¥cÖZ¨vqx n‡q I‡V| 1954 mv‡j evOvwjiv wbe©vP‡b weRqx nq| 1962 mv‡ji wkÿv Av‡›`vjb, 1966 mv‡j Qq `dv, 1969 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb I 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb Gme wKQy‡ZB mdjZv AR©b K‡i ¯vaxbZvKvgx gvbyl| Ae‡k‡l 1971 mv‡ji ¯vaxbZv hy× ïiæ nq| ¯vaxbZv hy‡× evsjvi me© ͇ii gvbyl mw¤§wjZfv‡e kÎæ‡`i Ici Suvwc‡q c‡o| †KD mvnm w`‡q, †KD eyw× w`‡q, †KD gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Mvb ïwb‡q D¾xweZ K‡iwQj| A‡b‡K †`‡ki

evB‡i wewfbœ ’v‡b Mvb ev msMxZ cwi‡ekb K‡i A_© msMÖn K‡iwQj gyw³‡hv×v I kiYv_©x‡`i mvvn‡h¨i Rb¨| Avi GRbB wZwb gyw³hy‡×i mgq †KvjKvZvi ivRc‡_ Mvb †M‡q A_© msMÖn K‡ib Ges ¯vaxbZvi c‡ÿ gvbyl‡K DrmvwnZ K‡ib| Rbve Avivdv‡Zi g‡Zv ¯vaxbZvKvgx gvbylR‡bi f‚wgKvi Kvi‡YB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv AwR©Z n‡qwQj|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3

[w`. †ev. Õ19] K. cvwK Ívb ivóªwU m„wó n‡qwQj KZ mv‡j? 1 L. hy³d«›U †Kb MVb Kiv n‡qwQj? 2 M. †Kvb Av‡›`vj‡bi dj¯iƒc DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU AwR©Z n‡q‡Q?

e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D³ Av‡›`vj‡bi Kvi‡YB ¯vaxbZv AR©b Z¡ivwšZ nq

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N fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi dj¯iƒc DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU A_©vr kwn` wgbviwU AwR©Z n‡q‡Q| 1952 mv‡ji 21†k †deªæqvwi cywj‡ki ee©‡ivwPZ nZ¨vKv‡Ði cÖwZev‡` ciw`b 22†k †deªæqvwi MYwe‡ÿvf ïiæ nq| RbZv kwn`‡`i Rb¨ †kvK wgwQj †ei K‡i| AveviI wgwQ‡ji Ici cywjk I wgwjUvwi jvwV, ¸wj I †e‡qv‡bU e¨envi K‡i| G‡Z kwdDi ingvbmn AviI K‡qKRb kwn` nb Ges A‡b‡K †MÖdZvi nb| †h ’v‡b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z kwn` nb †mLv‡b QvÎiv mvivivZ †R‡M 23†k †deªæqvwi GKwU ¯§„wZ ͤ¢ ev kwn` wgbvi wbg©vY K‡i| c‡i cywjk kwn` wgbviwU †f‡O †`q| 1963 mv‡j A ’vqx kwn` wgbv‡ii ’‡j wkíx nvwg yi ingv‡bi bKkv I cwiKíbvq kwn` wgbvi wbg©vY Kiv nq| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i mgq cvwK Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx kwn` wgbvi †f‡O w`‡j 1972 mv‡j †m bKkv Abyhvqx eZ©gvb kwn` wgbvi wbg©vY Kiv nq| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, cÖwZeQi fvlvkwn`‡`i ¯§i‡Y 21†k †deªæqvwi‡Z kwn` wgbv‡i dzj w`‡q Avgiv fvlv kwn`‡`i kÖ×v RvbvB|

O fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi Kvi‡YB ¯vaxbZv AR©b Z¡ivwšZ nq Dw³wU h_v_©| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GK Abb¨mvaviY NUbv| cvwK Ívb iv‡óªi ˆelg¨g~jK AvPi‡Yi weiæ‡× GwU wQj evOvwj RvwZi cÖ_g cÖwZev` I we‡ ªvn| evOvwj ¯vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g †cÖiYv| gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cÖwZ Aegvbbv evOvwji gb‡K cÖej bvov w`‡qwQj| Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj,

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 11

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cvVm~Î-3 : gymwjg jxM I Zvi AMYZvwš¿K Kg©KvÐ

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M AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM I Ab¨vb¨ mggbv `‡ji mgš‡q †h

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O DÏxc‡Ki Avgvb Zvi `v yi KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡Z cv‡i kyay AvÂwjK Kvi‡Y GKwU kvmK `‡ji Z¨vMx †bZviv D‡cwÿZ nq| kvmK `‡ji AmvsweavwbK Kvi‡Y `jwU‡K ax‡i ax‡i Rbwew”Qbœ K‡i †Zv‡j| cvV¨eB‡q Avgiv AmsweavwbK I AMYZvwš¿K AvPi‡Yi R¡jšÍ „óvšÍ wn‡m‡e cvwK Ívb gymwjg jxM‡K cvB| †h `jwU AvÂwjKZv †`v‡l yó wQj| Avi D³ `jwUi G ai‡bi AvPi‡Yi d‡j m„wó n‡qwQj AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM| cvwK Ívb m„wói ci †_‡KB gymwjg jx‡Mi AMYZvwš¿K AvPiY, `gbbxwZ, c~e© I cwð‡gi g‡a¨ mxgvnxb ˆelg¨, evsjv fvlvi Aegvbbv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y gymwjg jx‡Mi A‡bK †bZv gg©vnZ nb| gymwjg jx‡Mi we‡ivax cÿiv ivR‰bwZK `j MV‡b GwM‡q Av‡mb| Gmgq c~‡e©i Ks‡MÖm I KwgDwb÷ cvwU© QvovI wccjm wd«Wg jxM I AvRv`x jxM, cvwK Ívb MYZvwš¿K hyejxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvg, wLjvdZ-B-iveŸvbx cvwU©, K…lK-kÖwgK cvwU© BZ¨vw` msMVb M‡o I‡V| Z‡e me‡P‡q eo cwieZ©b wQj evsjvi gymwjg jx‡Mi ms¯‹vicwš’ †bZviv hviv gymwjg jxM Z¨vM K‡i M‡o †Zv‡jb AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM|

cvVm~Î-4 : hy³d«›U Ges cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vPb (1954 mvj)

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5 iwng mv‡ne Zvi †`‡ki GKwU RvZxq wbe©vP‡b cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e AskMÖnY K‡ib| wZwb GKwU †Rv‡Ui GKRb cÖv_©x wQ‡jb| Zvi †RvU wbe©vPbx Bk‡Znvi †NvlYv K‡i| hvi Ab¨Zg wZbwU `dv wQj 1. kvmb e¨q n«vm Kiv, gš¿xi †eZb GK nvRv‡ii †ewk bv nIqv, 2. wePvi wefvM‡K kvmb wefvM †_‡K c„_K Kiv I 3. RbwbivcËv AvBb I AwW©b¨vÝ cÖf…wZ KvjvKvbyb evwZj Kiv| K. hy³d«›U g~jZ KqwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mgš‡q MwVZ nq? 1 L. hy³d«‡›Ui gwš¿mfvi MVb eY©bv Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Abyi~c GKwU †Rv‡Ui wbe©vP‡bi djvdj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, G ai‡bi GKwU wbe©vP‡bi Zvrch© evOvwj

RvwZi Kv‡Q wPi¯§iYxq? Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L hy³d«›U g~jZ PviwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mgš‡q MwVZ n‡qwQj|

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N DÏxc‡Ki Abyi~c GKwU †Rv‡Ui wbe©vPb n‡”Q 1954 wLªóv‡ãi hy³d«›U Gi wbe©vPb| 1954 mv‡ji 8B gv‡P©i wbe©vPb wQj c~e© evsjvq cÖ_g Aeva I mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g mvaviY wbe©vPb| wbe©vP‡b kZKiv 37.19 fvM †fvUvi †fvU †`q| 2iv GwcÖj miKvwifv‡e wbe©vP‡bi djvdj cÖKvwkZ nq| †gvU 309wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ hy³d«›U 223wU Avmb jvf K‡i| ÿgZvmxb gymwjg jxM cvq gvÎ 9wU Avmb| cvwK Ívb RvZxq Ks‡MÖm 24wU Avmb, Zdwmwj †dWv‡ikb 27wU, wLjvd‡Z ieŸvbx 2wU, wLªóvb 1wU, †eŠ× 1wU, KwgDwb÷ cvwU© 4wU Avmb jvf K‡i| d‡j msL¨vMwiô `j wn‡m‡e hy³d«›U miKvi MVb K‡i|

12 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

O Ôn uvÕ Avwg g‡b Kwi, G ai‡bi GKwU wbe©vP‡bi Zvrch© evOvwj RvwZi Kv‡Q wPi¯§iYxq| 1954 wLªóv‡ãi wbe©vPb wQj gymwjg jx‡Mi Ab¨vq, ˆelg¨g~jK, e¨_© kvm‡bi weiy‡× evOvwji HK¨e× cÖwZev`| evOvwj RvwZ G wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg jxM‡K eywS‡q †`q †h, Zviv c~e© evsjvq gymwjg jxM‡K Avi Pvq bv| hy³d«‡›Ui †bZ…e„‡›`i RbwcÖqZv, we‡kl K‡i ZiyY †bZ…‡Z¡i RbwcÖqZv c~e© evsjvi fwel¨r †bZ…Z¡ ˆZwii c_ myMg K‡i| KviY A‡bK ZiyY †bZvi Kv‡Q gymwjg

jx‡Mi eo eo †bZ…‡Z¡i civRq N‡U| GQvov hy³d«‡›Ui g‡a¨ AvIqvgx gymwjg jx‡Mi m‡e©v”P Avmb jvf fwel¨‡Z Zv‡`i c~e© evsjvq ewjô †bZ…Z¡ cÖwZôvi Bw½Z enb K‡i| G wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g c~e© evsjvi ivRbxwZ‡Z ag©wbi‡cÿ avivi m„wó nq| m‡e©vcwi G wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg jxM I AevOvwj †bZ…‡Z¡i cÖwZ evOvwji g‡b e¨vcK Abv ’v Rš§vq| Zviv eyS‡Z cv‡i cwðg cvwK Ívwb I Zv‡`i G †`kxq †`vmi‡`i Øviv evOvwji cÖK…Z gyw³ m¤¢e bq| d‡j evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av`‡k©i wfwˇZ c~e© evsjvevmx ¯vqËkvm‡bi cÖwZ Zv‡`i c~Y© mg_©b e¨³ K‡i|

Aa¨vq mvgwiK kvmb I ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb (1958-1969 wLªóvã)

12

cvVm~Î-1 : mvgwiK kvmbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 GKwU †`‡ki mvgwiK kvmK bZzb msweav‡bi †NvlYv w`‡j †`kwUi c~e©vs‡ki QvÎmgvR we‡ÿvf-mgv‡ek I K¬vm eR©b K‡i| Qv·`i msweavb we‡ivax G Av‡›`vj‡b eyw×Rxex, wkÿK, ivRbxwZwe`‡`i A‡b‡KB mg_©b e¨³ K‡ib| IB mgq kvmK‡kÖwY Qv·`i Ici K‡Vvi `gbbxwZ Pvjvb| K. KZ mv‡j AvBqye Lvb †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖeZ©‡bi Av‡`k Rvwi

K‡ib? 1 L. c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi ga¨Kvi ivR‰bwZK ˆel‡g¨i e¨vL¨v

`vI| 2 M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Qv·`i we‡ÿv‡f cvwK Ív‡bi †h

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`j MVb K‡i wbe©vP‡b Rqjvf K‡iwQj we‡kølY Ki| 4

1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L 1959 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖeZ©‡bi Av‡`k Rvwi K‡ib|

M c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi g‡a¨ A‡bKMy‡jv ˆelg¨ i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK ˆelg¨ Ab¨Zg| 1947 mv‡j cvwK Ív‡bi R‡š§i ci †_‡KB msL¨vMwiô c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K ivR‰bwZKfv‡e c½y K‡i cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi gyLv‡cÿx ivLv nq| MYZš¿‡K D‡cÿv K‡i cvwK Ívwb kvmKiv ˆ¯iZš¿, GKbvqKZš¿ I mvgwiKZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g †`k kvmb Ki‡Z _v‡K| Zviv c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Ici Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb cÖwZôv K‡i mgvR, ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P †kvlY Pvwj‡q cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi mg„w× NUvq| evOvwj ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›`i Ici `gb, wbcxob Pvwj‡q c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek APj K‡i iv‡L|

N DÏxc‡K Qv·`i we‡ÿv‡f cvwK Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvmbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q| GKwU †`‡ki c~e©vs‡ki QvÎmgvR we‡ÿvf mgv‡ek I K¬vm eR©b K‡i| Qv·`i msweavb we‡ivax G Av‡›`vj‡b eyw×Rxex, wkÿK, ivRbxwZwe`‡`i A‡b‡KB mg_©b e¨³ K‡ib| H mgq kvmK‡kÖwY Qv·`i Ici K‡Vvi `gbbxwZ Pvjvb| hv cvwK Ív‡bi mvgwiK kvmbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ mv „k¨c~Y©| mvgwiK kvmK AvBqye Lvb hLb bZzb msweav‡bi †NvlYv †`b ZLbB c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Qv·`i g‡a¨ G ai‡bi †ÿv‡fi m„wó nq| d‡j Zviv we‡ÿvf-mgv‡ek I K¬vm eR©b K‡i Ges msweavb we‡ivax G Av‡›`vj‡b eyw×Rxex, wkÿK, ivRbxwZwe`‡`i A‡b‡KB mg_©b e¨³ K‡ib| 1962 mv‡ji 30†k Rvbyqvwi †mvnivIqv ©x‡K †`kwe‡ivax

loh‡š¿i Awf‡hv‡M †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| G Lei c~e© cvwK Ív‡b cÖKvwkZ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ QvÎiv miKviwe‡ivax cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| 1jv †deªyqvwi QvÎiv ag©NU Wv‡K Ges wgwQj †ei K‡i| GKbvMv‡o 5B †deªyqvwi ch©šÍ ag©NU P‡j| Gfv‡e c~e© cvwK Ív‡b AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| 7B †deªyqvwi miKvi Awbw ©óKv‡ji Rb¨ XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq eÜ K‡i †`q| Qv·`i Ici cywj‡ki e¨vcK wbh©vZb †b‡g Av‡m| 1jv gvP© AvBqye bZzb msweavb †NvlYv w`‡j c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi QvÎ mgvR we‡ÿvf-mgv‡ek I K¬vm eR©b K‡i| 1962 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m kwid Kwgk‡bi wkÿvmsµvšÍ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvk †c‡j QvÎ Av‡›`vjb bZzb i~cjvf K‡i| 15B AvM÷ †_‡K 10B †m‡Þ¤i cÖwZw`b we‡ÿvf wgwQj AbywôZ n‡Zv| 17B †m‡Þ¤i niZvj cvjbKv‡j cywj‡ki Mywj‡Z A‡b‡K AvnZ nb Ges A‡b‡K wbnZ nb| G Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j QvÎiv AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg kw³‡Z cwiYZ nq|

O DÏxc‡Ki Abyi~c GKRb mvgwiK kvmK wQ‡jb AvBqye Lvb| wZwb wb‡RB GKwU ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡i Ges GK mgq wbe©vP‡b Rqx n‡qwQj| 1962 mv‡ji 8B Ryb mvgwiK AvBb ’wMZ Kiv n‡j `jxq ivRbxwZi AwaKvi wd‡i Av‡m| AvBqye Lvb wb‡RB Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jxM bv‡g GKwU ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡ib| Gmgq †mvnivIqv ©x mKj ivR‰bwZK `‡ji mgš‡q AvBqyewe‡ivax †gvP©v MV‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| d‡j AvIqvgx jxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvg, b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©, KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM I b~iyj Avwg‡bi †bZ…Z¡vaxb gymwjg jxM wg‡j b¨vkbvj †W‡gv‡µwUK d«›U MwVZ nq| G d«‡›Ui D‡Ïk¨ wQj MYZš¿ cybiy×vi I 1956 mv‡ji msweav‡b wd‡i hvIqv| Lye ZvovZvwo G d«›U RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i| 1963 mv‡j †mvnivIqv ©x BwšÍKvj K‡ib| 1964 mv‡ji kyiy‡ZB AvIqvgx jxM GbwWGd †_‡K †ewi‡q Av‡m| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mvaviY m¤úv`K g‡bvbxZ nb| Zvi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi bZzb hvÎv kyiy nq| Gi d‡j GbwWGd wbw®µq n‡q c‡o| 1965 mv‡ji 2iv Rvbyqvwi †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡b AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax GKK cÖv_©x †`Iqvi Rb¨ Avevi AvIqvgx jxM, b¨vc, KvDwÝj gymwjg jxM, †bRv‡g Bmjvg cÖf…wZ `j wg‡j GKwU †RvU MVb K‡i| gynv¤§` Avjx wRbœvni †evb dv‡Zgv wRbœvn‡K Kc (COP)-Gi c‡ÿ †cÖwm‡W›U cÖv_©x Kiv nq| wbe©vP‡b †gŠwjK MYZš¿x‡`i c~e© †_‡KB AvBqye Lvb wb‡Ri AbyK‚‡j wb‡q Av‡m| RbMY dv‡Zgv wRbœvni c‡ÿ e¨vcK Drmvn DÏxcbv cÖKvk K‡i, wKšÍy wbe©vP‡b Rqx nb AvBqye Lvb| †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vP‡bi ci RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK wbe©vPb nq| †mLv‡bI AvBqye Lv‡bi Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jxM msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i|

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 13

cvVm~Î-2 : c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZ ˆelg¨

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 wgZv GKwU †`‡ki ywU A‡ji c~e©v‡j evm K‡i| †`kwUi ivRavbx cwðgv‡j Aew ’Z| wgZvi A‡ji mKj Avq cwðgv‡j P‡j hvq| †`kwUi †K› ªxq e¨vsKmn mKj e¨vsK, exgv, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi m`i `ßi wQj cwðgv‡j| d‡j wgZvi A‡j KLbI eo †Kv‡bv wkíKviLvbv M‡o D‡Vwb| K. c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Awaevmx cvwK Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq

KZ kZvsk wQj? 1 L. Qq `dv‡K evOvwj‡`i gyw³i mb` ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. wgZvi A‡j cvwK Ívwb kvmbvg‡ji †h ˆel‡g¨i cÖwZ”Qwe

cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zvi e¨vL¨v `vI| 3 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, wgZvi AÂj‡K c~e© cvwK Ívb g‡b Kiv

n‡j AÂjwU‡Z AviI wKQz wel‡q ˆelg¨ we`¨gvb wQj Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi

L c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Awaevmx wQj cvwK Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq 56%|

M cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgwiK cÖf…wZ †ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi evOvwj RbM‡Yi cÖwZ †h mxgvnxb ˆelg¨ m„wó K‡i, †mLv‡b Qq `dv Kg©m~wP wQj GK ewjô cÖwZev`| 6 `dv cÖ Ív‡e D¾xweZ n‡q 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b evOvwj RbZv AKzÉwP‡Ë AvIqvgx jxM‡K wecyj †fv‡U Rqhy³ K‡i| 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i †cÖiYv Av‡m Qq `dvi HK¨ †_‡K| ZvB Qq `dv‡K evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i mb` ejv nq|

N wgZvi A‡j cvwK Ívwb kvmbvg‡ji A_©‰bwZK ˆel‡g¨i cÖwZ”Qwe cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ, wgZv GKwU †`‡ki ywU A‡ji c~e©v‡j evm K‡i| †`kwUi ivRavbx cwðgv‡j Aew ’Z| wgZvi A‡ji mKj Avq cwðgv‡j P‡j hvq| †`kwUi †K› ªxq e¨vsKmn mKj e¨vsK, exgv, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi m`i `ßi wQj cwðgv‡j| d‡j wgZvi A‡j KLbI eo †Kv‡bv wkíKviLvbv M‡o D‡Vwb| Avi G welqwU cvwK Ívwb kvmbvg‡ji A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i| c~e© cvwK Ívb cwðg cvwK Ívb KZ…©K m‡e©v”P ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq A_©‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î| Zv‡`i †kvl‡Yi gvÎv wQj fqven| d‡j c~e© cvwK Ívb KLbI A_©‰bwZKfv‡e ¯qsm¤ú~Y© n‡Z cv‡i wb| cÖv‡`wkK miKv‡ii nv‡Z gy ªve¨e ’v I A_©‰bwZK †Kv‡bv wbqš¿Y wQj bv| †K‡› ªi mivmwi wbqš¿‡Y c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi me Avq cwðg cvwK Ív‡b P‡j hvq| †K› ªxq e¨vsKmn mKj e¨vsK, exgv, evwYwR¨K cÖwZôv‡bi m`i `ßi wQj cwðg cvwK Ív‡b| d‡j mn‡RB mKj A_© cwðg cvwK Ív‡b cvPvi n‡q †hZ| c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© eivÏ wQj cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Ici wbf©ikxj| DØ„Ë Avw_©K mÂq cwðg cvwK Ív‡b Rgv _vKZ weavq c~e© cvwK Ív‡b KLbI g~jab M‡o I‡V wb| Rš§jMœ †_‡K cvwK Ív‡b wZbwU cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq| cÖ_gwU‡Z c~e© I cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z e¨q wQj h_vµ‡g 113 †KvwU I 500 †KvwU iywc| wØZxqwU‡Z eivÏ wQj 950 †KvwU iywc c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨, 1350 †KvwU iywc cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨| Z…ZxqwU‡Z c~e© I cwð‡gi Rb¨ eivÏ h_vµ‡g 36% I 63%| ivRavbx Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z e¨q †ewkifvM wQj cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi Rb¨| c~e© cvwK Ívb †_‡K ¯Y© I UvKv wb‡q cwðg cvwK Ív‡b †h‡Z †Kv‡bv evav wQj bv| wKš‘ cwðg cvwK Ívb †_‡K c~e© cvwK Ív‡b †h‡Z evav wQj|

O Ôn uvÕ Avwg g‡b Kwi, wgZvi AÂj‡K c~e© cvwK Ívb g‡b Kiv n‡j D³ AÂjwU‡Z †h AviI wKQz wel‡q ˆelg¨ we`¨gv‡bi mZ¨Zv i‡q‡Q| KviY c~e© cvwK Ív‡b wewfbœ wel‡q ˆelg¨ we`¨gvb wQj| A_©‡bwZK ˆel‡g¨i cvkvcvwk AÂjwU ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, cÖkvmwbK, mvgwiK, wkÿvq I mvs¯‹…wZK wel‡q ˆelg¨

we`¨gvb wQj| wb‡P Gme ˆel‡g¨i Av‡jvPbv cÖ vb Kiv n‡jv

1. ivR‰bwZK ˆelg¨ : yB cvwK Ív‡bi g‡a¨ †hme ˆelg¨ wQj Zvi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK ˆelg¨ Ab¨Zg| 1947 mv‡j cvwK Ív‡bi R‡š§i ci †_‡KB msL¨vMwiô c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K ivR‰bwZKfv‡e c½y K‡i cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi gyLv‡cÿx ivLv nq| evOvwj ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›`i Ici wbh©vZb Pvwj‡q c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK cwi‡ek APj K‡i iv‡L|

2. cÖkvmwbK ˆelg¨ : cvwK Ív‡bi cÖkvmwbK †ÿ‡Î g~j PvwjKvkw³ wQj wmwfj mvwf©m Kg©KZ©vMY| 1962 mv‡j cvwK Ív‡bi gš¿YvjqMy‡jv‡Z kxl© ’vbxq Kg©KZ©vi 954 R‡bi g‡a¨ evOvwj wQj 119 Rb| 1947 mv‡j KivwP‡Z ivRavbx nIqvq mKj miKvwi Awdm-Av`vj‡Z cwðg cvwK Ívwbiv e¨vcK nv‡i PvKwi jvf K‡i|

3. mvgwiK ˆelg¨ : yB cvwK Ív‡bi ˆelg¨My‡jvi g‡a¨ mvgwiK ˆelg¨ wQj Ab¨Zg| mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z evOvwj‡`i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj AwZ bMY¨|

4. wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î ˆelg¨ : wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK Ívwbiv †ewk ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡qwQj| cwðg cvwK Ívwbiv evOvwj‡`i wbiÿi ivLvi †Póv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| cwðg cvwK Ív‡b wkÿv we Ív‡ii Rb¨ e¨vcK cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡jI c~e© cvwK Ív‡b wkÿvi we Ív‡ii Rb¨ †Kv‡bv †Póv Kiv nq wb|

5. mvgvwRK ˆelg¨ : cvwK Ív‡bi yB A‡ji ˆelg¨My‡jvi g‡a¨ mvgvwRK ˆelg¨ wQj Ab¨Zg| iv ÍvNvU, ¯‹zj-K‡jR, Awdm-Av`vjZ, nvmcvZvj, WvKNi, †Uwj‡dvb cÖf…wZi †ÿ‡Î evOvwj‡`i Zzjbvq cwðg cvwK Ívb †ewk myweav †fvM KiZ|

6. mvs¯‹…wZK ˆelg¨ : mvs¯‹…wZK †ÿ‡ÎI evOvwjiv cwðg cvwK Ívb KZ…©K ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡qwQj| yB A‡ji fvlv, mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ wQj m¤ú~Y© Avjv`v| cwðg cvwK Ívwbiv evsjv fvlv‡K D‡”Q` Kivi †Póv K‡i Ges evsjv fvlv‡K Aviwe e‡Y© †jLvi lohš¿ kyiy K‡i|

cvVm~Î-3 : Qq `dv I evOvwj RvZxqZvev`

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ GKB cÖkvmb e¨e ’vi Aaxb ’ ywU cÖ‡`k| ivóª cwiPvjbvq ÔKÕ A‡ji †jvKRb †ewk Ask †bIqvi my‡hvM cvq| ivóª cwiPvjbvq `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³eM© wbi‡cÿfv‡e †`k cwiPvjbv bv K‡i cÿcvwZZ¡ K‡i| d‡j ÔLÕ A‡ji RbMY mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq| Giƒc ˆel‡g¨i AemvbK‡í RbM‡Yi wewfbœgyLx Kg©m~wP‡Z evav w`‡j †kl ch©šÍ Zv‡`i Av‡›`vjb MYAv‡›`vj‡bi iƒc †bq| [Kz. †ev. Õ20] K. †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i cÖeZ©K †K? 1 L. †eMg †iv‡Kqv Kxfv‡e wkÿvjvf K‡ib? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. ÔLÕ A‡ji RbM‡Yi Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb

Av‡›`vj‡bi wgj Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. ÔLÕ A‡ji MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi †hŠw³KZvi KviY we‡kølY Ki| 4

14 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i cÖeZ©K wQ‡jb †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb|

M †eMg †iv‡Kqv evsjvi bvix RvMi‡Yi AMÖ ~Z| Zvi mg‡q bvix‡`i †Kv‡bv AwaKvi wQj bv| bvix wkÿv‡K ZLbKvi gymjgvb mgvR N„Yvi †Pv‡L †`LZ| wZwb mgv‡Ri Kzms¯‹vi, bvix mgv‡Ri cÖwZ Ae‡njv, eÂbvi KiæY wPÎ wbR †Pv‡L †`‡L‡Qb| wZwb mgv‡Ri †Pv‡L AvOzj w`‡q bvix mgv‡Ri KiæY `kv, Zv‡`i cÖwZ ˆelg¨g~jK AvPiY †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| G Kvi‡Y †eMg †iv‡Kqvi mvwnZ¨PP©vi welqe ‘ wQj bvix mgvR|

N ÔLÕ A‡ji RbM‡Yi Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki 1966 mv‡ji 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ GKB cÖkvmb e¨e ’vi Aaxb ’ ywU cÖ‡`k| ivóª cwiPvjbvq ÔKÕ A‡ji †jvKRb †ewk Ask †bIqvi my‡hvM cvq| ivóª cwiPvjbvq `vwqZ¡cÖvß e¨w³eM© wbi‡cÿfv‡e †`k cwiPvjbv bv K‡i cÿcvwZZ¡ K‡i| d‡j ÔLÕ A‡ji RbMY mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK I A_©‰bwZK ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi nq| Giƒc ˆel‡g¨i AemvbK‡í RbM‡Yi wewfbœgyLx Kg©m~wP‡Z evav w`‡j †kl ch©šÍ Zv‡`i Av‡›`vjb MYAv‡›`vj‡bi iƒc †bq| hv 1963 mv‡ji 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i| cvwK Ívwb Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb I †kvlY †_‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb 1966 mv‡j Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib| e½eÜyi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, Qq `dv `vwe Av`v‡qi gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K ˆel‡g¨i nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| g~jZ fviZ-cvwK Ívb hy× Aemv‡bi ci c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi wbivcËvi cÖwZ cwðg cvwK Ívwb miKv‡ii Pig Ae‡njv, cvkvcvwk ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK, mvgwiK, wkÿv cÖf…wZ †ÿ‡Î c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZ mxgvnxb ˆel‡g¨i weiæ‡× e½eÜy †mv”Pvi nb| Qq `dv Kg©m~wP wQj evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i P‚ovšÍ cÖKvk| GwU wQj evOvwji Avkv-AvKv•ÿvi cÖZxK| evOvwji gyw³i mb`| d‡j Gi cÖwZ ag©eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj RbM‡Yi ^Ztù‚Z© mg_©b wQj| Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb K‡Vvifv‡e `g‡bi d‡j

evOvwj RvwZi g‡a¨ H‡K¨i †PZbv „pfv‡e RvMÖZ nq| evOvwj Zvi ¯vwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ †mv”Pvi n‡q D‡V|

O ÔLÕ A‡ji MY-Afz¨Ìv‡bi A_©vr c~e© evsjvi MY-Afz¨Ìvb wQj 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi dmj| 1969 mv‡ji MY-Afz¨Ìvb evsjvi BwZnv‡m GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| G Afz¨Ìv‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb N‡U| 1966 mv‡ji Qq`dv `vwe cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb ax‡i ax‡i MY-Afz¨Ìv‡bi w`‡K iƒc wb‡Z _v‡K| 1968 mv‡j cvwK Ívb miKvi AvMiZjv gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i e½eÜy‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| AvMiZjv gvgjv wePviKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ we‡kl UªvBey¨bvj MVb Kiv nq| wePviKvh© Pjvi mgq cvwK Ív‡b Dfq As‡k AvBqyewe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb `vbv euva‡Z _v‡K| AvIqvgx jxM, b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU©mn K‡qKwU ivR‰bwZK `j wb‡q †W‡gv‡µwUK A¨vKkb KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K QvÎ msMV‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ MVb Kiv nq Ôme© jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwim`|Õ| G QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` 11 `dv `vwe wb‡q MY-Afz¨Ìv‡bi WvK †`q| Gici †_‡K †W‡gv‡µwUK A¨vKkb KwgwU (WvK) I QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M c~e© cvwK Ív‡b e¨vcK MY-Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡V| 18B Rvbyqvwi cywj‡ki wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡` QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` ag©NU AvnŸvb K‡i| 20†k Rvbyqvwii ag©N‡U Qv·bZv Avmv y¾vgvb kwn` nb| Zvi nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` 22, 23 I 24†k Rvbyqvwi e¨vcK Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kiv nq|

G mgq beg †kÖwYi QvÎ gwZDi ingvbI wbnZ nq| GiB g‡a¨ 1969 mv‡ji 15B †deªæqvwi AvMiZjv gvgjvi Ab¨Zg Awfhy³ mv‡R©›U Rûiæj nK‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| Zvi g„Zz¨i Le‡i XvKvevmx cÖPÐ †µv‡a M‡R© I‡V| Zvi g„Z‡`n wb‡q RbZv ivRc_ c`wÿY K‡i| 69Õi MY-Afz¨Ìv‡b mgMÖ c~e© cvwK Ívb DËvj n‡q I‡V| cwiw ’wZ †eMwZK †`‡L AvBqye Lvb e½eÜy‡K gyw³ †`b Ges wZwb ÿgZv †_‡K m‡i uvovb| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejv hvq, Õ69-Gi MY-Afz¨Ìvb wQj GKwU cU cwieZ©bKvix NUbv|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4

1966 Qq `dv

1969 MY-Afz¨Ìvb [wfKviæbwbmv b~b ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR, XvKv] K. cvwK Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi KZfvM c~e© evsjvi Awaevmx

wQj? 1 L. cwðg cvwK Ívwb kvmKiv c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZ †Kvb †Kvb

†ÿ‡Î ˆelg¨ m„wó K‡i? 2 M. evOvwji gyw³i mb` 1966 mv‡ji Qq `dv evOvwj

RvZxqZvev‡`i g~Z© cÖZxK Ñ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. evOvwji ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡b DcwiD³ Q‡K DwjøwLZ ywU

Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖfve wQj my ~icÖmvix Ñ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L cvwK Ív‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 56 fvM c~e© evsjvi Awaevmx wQj|

M 1940 mv‡ji jv‡nvi cÖ Ív‡ei wfwˇZ cvwK Ívb iv‡óªi Rš§ n‡jI jv‡nvi cÖ Ív‡ei g~jbxwZ Abyhvqx c~e© evsjv c„_K iv‡óªi gh©v`v cvqwb| eis G mgq cwðg cvwK Ívwb kvmKiv ivR‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK, mvgwiK, A_©‰bwZK, wkÿv I mvs¯‹…wZK cÖf…wZ cÖwZwU †ÿ‡ÎI c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZ †kvlY ˆel‡g¨i w÷ªg †ivjvi Pvwj‡q hvq| hvi mvgwMÖK cÖwZev`¯iƒc 1966 mv‡j Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †ck Kiv nq|

N nu¨v, evOvwji gyw³i mb` 1966 mv‡ji Qq `dv wbtm‡›`‡n evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i g~Z© cÖZxK|

cvwK Ívwb Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb I †kvlY †_‡K gy³ nIqvi Rb¨ e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb 1966 mv‡j Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib| e½eÜyi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Qq `dv `vwe Av`v‡qi gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK Ívb‡K ˆel‡g¨i nvZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv| g~jZ fviZ-cvwK Ívb hy× Aemv‡bi ci c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi wbivcËvi cÖwZ cwðg cvwK Ívwb miKv‡ii Pig Ae‡njv I mxgvnxb ˆel‡g¨i weiæ‡× e½eÜy †mv”Pvi nb| 1966 mv‡ji 5-6 †deªæqvwi jv‡nv‡i we‡ivax `jxq †bZviv GKwU m‡¤§j‡bi AvnŸvb K‡ib| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi kxl© †bZv‡`i wb‡q e½eÜy jv‡nvi †cuŠQvb| m‡¤§j‡b e½eÜy HwZnvwmK ÔQq `dvÕ cÖ Íve †ck Ki‡j m‡¤§j‡bi †bZ…e„›` Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| e½eÜy m‡¤§jb eR©b K‡ib Ges Qq `dv mvsevw`K‡`i mvg‡b cÖKvk K‡i XvKvq wd‡i Av‡mb| GiB nvZ a‡i evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b Pig iƒc jvf K‡i Ges 69-Gi MY-Afz¨Ìvb, Õ70-Gi mvaviY wbe©vPb Ges me‡kl 1971 mv‡j AwR©Z nq gnvb ¯vaxbZv|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, evOvwji gyw³i mb` Qq `dv wQj evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i g~Z© cÖZxK|

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 15

O DcwiD³ ywU Av‡›`vjb n‡jv 1966 mv‡ji Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb Ges 1969 mv‡ji MY-Afz¨Ìvb| evOvwji ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m G ywU Av‡›`vjbB AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| 1966 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwU‡Z Qq `dv M„nxZ nIqvi ci e½eÜy Qq `dvi c‡ÿ RbgZ M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ wewfbœ ’v‡b e³e¨ †`b| d‡j Qq `dvi c‡ÿ ªæZ RbgZ M‡o I‡V|

w`‡b w`‡b Qq `dvi RbwcÖqZv e„w× †c‡j AvBqye miKvi e½eÜy‡K 1966 mv‡ji 9 †g †MÖßvi K‡i| GiB avivevwnKZvq GKch©v‡q MY-Afz¨Ìv‡bi m~ÎcvZ nq| G MY-Afz¨Ìv‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ djvdj wQj AvBqye Lv‡bi ÿgZv Z¨vM Ges Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi

ÿgZv MÖnY| Bqvwnqv Lvb ÿgZvq G‡m GKwU mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv †`b| Gi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi c_ cÖk Í nq| Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi †NvlYvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z 1970 mv‡j GKwU mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| G wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM 167 Avmb †c‡q wbi¼zk msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i| wKš‘ Bqvwnqv Lvb ÿgZv n ÍvšÍ‡i Uvjevnvbv Ki‡j c~e© evsjvi RbMY ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o| hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z AR©b nq gnvb ¯vaxbZv| myZivs Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K ej‡Z cvwi, evOvwji ¯vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m 1966 mv‡ji Qq `dv Ges 1969 mv‡ji MY-Afz¨Ìvb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

Aa¨vq mˇii wbe©vPb I gyw³hy×

13

cvVm~Î-1 : 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vPb Ges cieZ©x NUbvcÖevn

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 „k¨Kí-1 : Zvjv _vbvi wÎk gvBj BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb cÖv_©x my‡hvM¨ †gviv` mv‡ne wecyj †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I cÖv³b †Pqvig¨vb Zvi ¯v_©v‡šlx e¨w³eM© I cÖwZØ›Øx cÖv_©x‡K wb‡q †gviv` mv‡ne‡K Zvi ¯c‡` AwawôZ n‡Z †`qwb| e¨vcviwU GjvKvi me©mvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ fxlY †ÿv‡fi m„wó K‡i| „k¨Kí-2 : Bs‡iwR ¯‹z‡j fwZ© n‡j Zvi `v y Lye ALywk nq Ges

Zvi Rxe‡bi AZx‡Zi †ekwKQy ¯§„wZ g‡b c‡o †Pv‡L Rj G‡m hvq| wkÿv Rxe‡b wZwb AwaKvi Av`v‡q wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ð AskMÖnY K‡ib| Aw ªZvi mv‡_ Bs‡iwR fvlvq K_v ej‡j wZwb A¯w ͇eva K‡ib Ges Kó cvb| Aw ª‡K wZwb evsjvi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡Z Drmvn †`b| e‡jb evsjv Avgv‡`i A‡bK AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi dmj| [e. †ev. Õ20] K. RvZxq cZvKvi e„‡Ëi jvj is wK‡mi cÖZxK? 1 L. gywRebMi miKvi †Kb MVb Kiv n‡qwQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. „k¨Kí-1 DÏxc‡Ki NUbvi mv‡_ BwZnv‡mi †Kvb

wbe©vP‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. „k¨Kí-2 DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Av‡›`vjbB cieZ©x‡Z evOvwj

RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai wfZ‡K „p K‡i †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4

1bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L RvZxq cZvKvi e„‡Ëi jvj is gyw³hy‡× Rxeb DrmM©Kvix kwn`‡`i i‡³i cÖZxK|

M evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g miKvi n‡jv gywRebMi miKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hyׇK mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ wek¦ RbgZ MVb I we‡`wk iv‡óªi mg_©b Av`v‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ n‡qwQj| 1970-71 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b weRqx RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i m`m¨ Øviv gywRebMi miKvi MVb Kiv nq| 10B GwcÖj 1971 mv‡j G miKvi MwVZ nq Ges 17B GwcÖj gywRebMi miKvi kc_ MÖnY K‡i|

N „k¨Kí-1 G DwjøwLZ DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Zvjv _vbvi wÎk gvBj BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb cÖv_x© †gviv` mv‡ne wecyj †fv‡U wbe©vwPZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I cÖv³b †Pqvig¨vb Zvi ¯v_©v‡šlx e¨w³eM© cÖwZØ›Øx cÖv_x©‡K wb‡q †gviv` mv‡ne‡K Zvi ¯c‡` AwawôZ n‡Z †`qwb| e¨vcviwU

GjvKvi me©mvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ fxlY †ÿv‡fi m„wó nq| Avi G welqwUi mv‡_ 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi NUbv RwoZ| Õ70-Gi wbe©vP‡bi e½eÜyi `j AvIqvgx jxM wecyj msL¨vMwiôZv wb‡q wbe©vwPZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I cwðg cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôx Zv‡K ÿgZvq AwawôZ n‡Z †`qwb| cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ ÿgZv nviv‡bvi fxwZ Qwo‡q c‡o| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi msL¨vMwiôZv AR©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evOvwj‡`i ivóªxq KZ…©Z¡ AR©b Ges 6 `dv wfwËK msweavb cÖYq‡bi welqwU wbwðZ nq, hvi †Kv‡bvwUB cvwK Ívwb mvgwiK-†emvgwiK Avgjv kvmK‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| d‡j wbe©vP‡bi djvdj cÖKv‡ki Ae¨ewnZ c‡i ïiæ nq bZzb cÖvmv` lohš¿| mvgwiK-†emvgwiK Avgjv kvmK‡Mvôxi G cÖvmv` loh‡š¿ cvwK Ívb wccjm cvwU©i †bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Æv mwµqfv‡e hy³ nb| cvwK Ívwb mvgvwiK RvšÍv GKw`‡K msKU wbim‡bi bv‡g XvKvq msL¨vMwiô `‡ji †bZv e½eÜ– †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv Pvwj‡q hvw”Qj, Ab¨w`‡K cwðg cvwK Ívb †_‡K ˆmb¨ I A ¿ Avbv nw”Qj| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b evOvwji weRq‡K Zviv g‡bcÖv‡Y MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, „k¨Kí-1 G DwjøwLZ DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q|

O Ò „k¨Kí-2 G DwjøwLZ Av‡›`vjb A_©vr fvlv Av‡›`vjbB cieZx©‡Z RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai wfZ‡K „p K‡i|Ó Dw³wUi mv‡_ Avwg GKgZ †cvlY KiwQ|

DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `v y Zvi bvwZ Bs‡iwR ¯‹z‡j fwZ© n‡j ALywk nq| Zvi Rxe‡bi AZx‡Zi †ekwKQy ¯§„wZ g‡b c‡o †Pv‡L Rj G‡m hvq| wkÿv Rxe‡b wZwb AwaKvi Av`v‡q wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ð AskMÖnY K‡ib| Aw ª Zvi mv‡_ Bs‡iwR fvlvq K_v ej‡j wZwb A¯w ͇eva K‡ib Ges Kó cvb| Aw ª‡K wZwb evsjvi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡Z Drmvn †`b| wZwb e‡jb evsjv Avgv‡`i A‡bK AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi dmj| `v yi G welqwUi mv‡_ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi wgj i‡q‡Q|

1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m GK Abb¨mvaviY NUbv| cvwK Ívb iv‡óªi ˆelg¨g~jK AvPi‡Yi weiæ‡× GwU wQj evOvwj RvwZi cÖ_g cÖwZev` I we‡ ªvn| evOvwji ¯vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g †cÖiYv| gvZ…fvlv evsjvi cÖwZ Aegvbbv evOvwji gb‡K cÖej bvov w`‡qwQj| Zviv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQj, cvwK Ívwb‡`i nv‡Z Zv‡`i fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, A_©bxwZ wKQyB wbivc` bq| G Av‡›`vj‡bi djkÖæwZ‡ZB evOvwji gv‡S ¯vaxbZvi exR ecb nq| hvi d‡j m¤¢e nq lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ¯vwaKvi Av`v‡qi ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vjb| GiB avivevwnKZvq cieZx©‡Z ¯vqËkvm‡bi `vwe †_‡K

16 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

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cvVm~Î-2 : e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i fvlY Ges Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi P‚ovšÍ ch©vq

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 hy³iv‡óªi 16Zg †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsKb 1863 mv‡j †MwUmev‡M© GK KvjRqx fvlY cÖ vb K‡iwQ‡jb| †h fvl‡Y wZwb `xßK‡É †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb µxZ`vm‡`i gyw³i K_v| Zvi fvlY µxZ`vm‡`i mgv‡R gv_v DuPz K‡i uvov‡bvi mvnm w`‡qwQj| cvkvcvwk me eY© I a‡g©i gvbyl‡K w`‡qwQj mv‡g¨i wkÿv| gvwjK I kÖwg‡Ki e¨eavb †NvPv‡bv G fvlY 1865 mv‡j M„nhy× Aemv‡b †i‡LwQj Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb| [h. †ev. Õ20] K. ÔwkLv wPišÍbÕ Kx? 1 L. AvMiZjv gvgjvi cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z fvl‡Yi mv‡_ †Zvgvi cvV¨eB‡qi †h

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cvVm~Î-3 : 25‡k gv‡P©i MYnZ¨v Ges gyw³hy× I ¯vaxbZvi †NvlYv

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18 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

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cvVm~Î-4 : evsjv‡`k miKvi (gywRebMi miKvi) MVb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 6 1971 mv‡ji 25†k gvP© cvwK Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx MYnZ¨v ïiæ Ki‡j evsjvi RbMY Zv‡`i weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zv‡j| G mgq hy× my®y¤fv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ MwVZ nq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g miKvi| G miKv‡ii bvbvgyLx Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv wQj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q|[we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR, kg‡kibMi, †gŠjfxevRvi] K. 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM KqwU Avmb jvf

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n‡q‡Q we‡kølY Ki| 4

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evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 19

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O gywRebMi miKv‡ii ZrciZvi Rb¨B ¯vaxbZv AR©b m¤¢e n‡qwQj|

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m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 7 civaxbZvi k„•Lj †_‡K gy³ nIqvi j‡ÿ

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M 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡× Qv·`i Ae`vb wQj Acwimxg| gyw³‡hv×v‡`i g‡a¨ msL¨vq me‡P‡q †ewk wQj QvÎ| †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j cvKevwnbxi weiy‡× cÖv_wgK cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjvi AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i QvÎiv| K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Qv·`i cvkvcvwk ¯‹zjco–qv wK‡kviivI gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| Zviv hy‡×i cÖwkÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mxgvšÍ cvwo w`‡q fvi‡Z hvq| gyw³hy× cwiPvjbvKvix evsjv‡`k miKvi QvÎ-hyeK‡`i Rb¨ cÖwkÿY I A‡ ¿i ms ’vb K‡i| wKQzw`‡bi cÖwkÿY I nvjKv A ¿ wb‡q kÎyi Ici Suvwc‡q c‡o gyw³‡mbvi `j|

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20 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

K‡ib| 10B GwcÖj MwVZ Ges 17B GwcÖj kc_ MÖnYKvix gywRebMi miKvi gyw³hyׇK P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡q wb‡q hvq Ges 16B wW‡m¤i Avgv`i weRq AR©‡b Acwimxg f‚wgKv iv‡Lb|

cvVm~Î-5 : gyw³hy× I wewfbœ msMVb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 8 „k¨-1 : evkvi Avn‡g` 1971 mv‡j A·‡dvW© wek¦we`¨vj‡q D”PZi wkÿv AR©‡bi Rb¨ hy³iv‡R¨ hvb| Gi wKQyw`b ciB cvwK Ívwb †mbvevwnbx evOvwji Ici nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| ZviB cÖwZev‡` †m weªwUk cvj©v‡g›U fe‡bi mvg‡b AvgiY Abkb ïiæ K‡i| †m hy³iv‡R¨i miKv‡ii cÖwZ `vwe Rvwb‡qwQj b„ksmZv e‡Üi Rb¨ cvwK Ív‡bi Ici Pvc m„wó Ki‡Z| „k¨-2 : gyw³hy‡×i mgq Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb ÔgRjyg Avw`eÕ QÙ

bv‡g wjL‡Zb| Zvi ¯vaxbZv Zzwg, †Zvgv‡K cvIqvi Rb¨ †n ^vaxbZv, e›`x wkwei †_‡K KweZvwU 1971 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq|

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N DÏxc‡Ki evkvi Avn‡g` GKRb cÖevmx evOvwj Ges DÏxc‡K ewY©Z NUbvq Zvi Ae`vb gyw³hy‡×i mgq cÖevmx evOvwj‡`i Ae`vb‡KB ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|

cÖevmx evOvwjiv gyw³hy‡× bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| wewfbœ †`‡k Zviv gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ A_© msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ mg_©b Av`v‡q cvj©v‡g›U m`m¨‡`i wbKU Qy‡U wM‡q‡Qb, wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK ms ’vq cÖwZwbwa `j †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, cvwK Ívb‡K A ¿-†Mvjveviæ` mieivn bv Ki‡Z Av‡e`b K‡i‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î weª‡U‡bi cÖvevmx evOvwj‡`i f‚wgKv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨| gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ RbgZ MV‡b Zviv KvR K‡i‡Qb| GKB Ae`vb jÿ¨ Kiv hvq DÏxc‡K ewY©Z PwiÎ evkvi Avn‡g‡`i †ÿ‡ÎI| ZvB DÏxc‡K ewY©Z| ZvB evkvi Avn‡g‡`i f‚wgKv wbtm‡›`‡n gyw³hy‡× cÖevmx evOvwj‡`i Ae`vb‡KB ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|

O nu¨v, Avwg wbðqB g‡b Kwi †h, DÏxc‡K ewY©Z kvgmyi ivngv‡bi Ae`vb Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZv AR©b‡K Z¡ivwšZ K‡iwQj|

gyw³hy‡×i GKwU wbqvgK kw³ wQj G‡`kxq wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×RxexMY| Z_vwc, hy‡× gvbyl‡K DØy× Kivi †ÿ‡Î wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K I eyw×Rxex wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZ Kgx©i Ae`vb wQj cÖksmbxq| GgbwK wb‡Ri I cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡qI bvbvfv‡e gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Qb| cÎcwÎKvq †jLv, ¯vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K‡› ª Lei cvV, †`kvZ¥‡evaK Mvb, gyw³hy×wfwËK Mvb, KweZv cvV, bvUK, Kw_Kv, Gg Avi AvKZvi gyKz‡ji AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq ÔPigcÎÕ Ges ÔRjøv‡`i `ieviÕ BZ¨vw` Abyôvb gyw³hyׇK GwM‡q wb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Gme Abyôvb iY‡ÿ‡Î gyw³‡hv×v‡`i gvbwmK I ˆbwZK ej a‡i ivL‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q, mvnm RywM‡q‡Q, RbMY‡K kÎæi weiæ‡× y ©gbxq K‡i‡Q| GB GKB f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q‡Qb DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Kwe kvgmyi ivngvb| myZivs Avwg wbwðZfv‡e ej‡Z cvwi, Kwe kvgmyi ivngv‡bi Ae`vb wbtm‡›`‡n Avgv‡`i gyw³hyׇK Z¡ivwšZ K‡i‡Q fxlYfv‡e|

cvVm~Î-6 : Õ¼vaxbZv ARÆGb ivR‹bwZK eÅwÚGZ½i Ae`vb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 9 Øxcivóª c~e© wZgyi 1975 mv‡j cZz©Mv‡ji Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡qwQj Ges ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡iwQj| wKš‘ mvgªvR¨ev`x B‡›`v‡bwkqv †m eQiB GK mvgwiK Awfhv‡bi gva¨‡g †`kwU `Lj K‡i †bq Ges ytkvmb Pvwc‡q †`q| Z‡e c~e© wZgyievmx mewKQy gyL euy‡R mn¨ K‡iwb| Rvbvbv ¸mgvI bv‡gi GK AKz‡Zvfq †bZv Ôc~e© wZgyi mk ¿ ¯vaxbZvKvgx msMVbÕ M‡o †Zv‡jb| G msMVbwU c~e© wZgy‡ii ¯vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ †`q| hw`I B‡›`v‡bkxq miKvi Rvbvbv ¸mgvI‡qi Dci mxgvnxb wbcxob Pvjvq Z_vwc wZwb gvZ…f‚wgi ¯vaxbZvi Rb¨ jovB Pvwj‡q hvb| `xN© msMÖv‡gi ci 2002 mv‡j ¯vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e c~e© wZgyi wek¦gvbwP‡Î RvqMv K‡i †bq| [h. †ev. Õ20] K. COP Kx? 1 L. 25†k gvP©‡K Kvj ivwÎ ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Rvbvbv ¸mgvI-Gi PvwiwÎK ˆewk‡ó¨i mv‡_ †Zvgvi

cvV¨eB‡qi †h †bZvi wgj i‡q‡Q Zvi Kg©KvÐ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3

N. Òc~e© wZgyi †hb c~e© evsjvi cÖwZ”QweÓ Dw³wU we‡kølY Ki| 4

9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L COP GKwU ivR‰bwZK †RvU| Gi c~Y©iƒc Combined

Opposition Party.

M 1971 mv‡ji 25†k gvP© ga¨ iv‡Z cvwK Ív‡bi nvbv`vi evwnbx ÔAcv‡ikb mvP©jvBUÕ bv‡g wbi ¿ evOvwj‡`i Ici MYnZ¨v Pvjvq| Zv‡`i G bviKxq nZ¨vKv‡Ði Kvi‡Y 25†k gvP© ivÎwU BwZnv‡m ÔKvjivwÎÕ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ nq| Zviv ivRvievM cywjk jvBb, wbjLvbv I XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wewfbœ n‡j AvµgY K‡i|

N DÏxc‡Ki Rvbvbv ¸mgvI-Gi Pwi‡Îi mv‡_ cvV¨eB‡q Av‡jvwPZ e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi PvwiwÎK ˆewk‡ó¨i wgj i‡q‡Q|

DÏxc‡K Abymv‡i c~e© wZgyi 1975 mv‡j cZz©Mv‡ji Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡qwQj Ges ¯vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡iwQj| wKš‘ mvgªvR¨ev`x B‡›`v‡bwkqv †m eQiB GK mvgwiK Awfhv‡bi gva¨‡g †`kwU `Lj K‡i †bq| wKš‘ Rvbvbv ¸mgvI Zvi AKz‡Zvfq †bZ…‡Z¡ c~e© wZgy‡i mk ¿ ¯vaxbZvKvgx msMVb M‡o †Zv‡jb| `xN© msMÖv‡gi ci 2002 mv‡j ¯vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e c~e© wZgyi wek¦gvbwP‡Î RvqMv K‡i †bq| †Zgwbfv‡e 1947 mv‡j weªwUk

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv welqe ‘/cvVwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖkœ I DËi Powered by 21

Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb †_‡K cvwK Ívb ¯vaxbZv jvf K‡i| eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k ZrKvjxb mg‡q c~e© cvwK Ívb bv‡g cvwK Ív‡bi GKwU cÖ‡`‡ki AšÍfz©³ nq| 1947 mv‡j ¯vaxbZv jv‡fi ci ciB D y©fvlx cwðg cvwK Ívwb †bZ…eM© c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi Ici Jcwb‡ewkK AvPiY ïiæ K‡i| Zviv cvwK Ívb m„wói Av‡›`vj‡b evOvwj †bZ…e„‡›`i cÖ‡Póv, D‡`¨vM I AvZ¥Z¨vM fz‡j ˆelg¨g~jK bxwZ MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY Zv gyL euy‡R mn¨ K‡iwb| Zviv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i| wewfbœ mg‡q wbh©vZb, wbcxob Ges evi evi †MÖdZvi m‡Ë¡I eÜeÜy Zvi AKy‡Zvfq †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`k‡K ¯vaxbZvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| Ae‡k‡l 1971 mv‡ji ¯vaxbZv hy‡×i gva¨‡g 16B wW‡m¤i evsjv‡`k ¯vaxb nq|

O c~e© wZgyi 1975 mv‡j cZz©Mv‡ji Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb †_‡K gy³ nIqvi ci cybivq B‡›`v‡bwkqvi ytkvm‡bi Ke‡j c‡o, wVK †Zgwb 1947 mv‡j evsjv‡`k weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb †kvlY †_‡K gyw³ †c‡jI cybivq cvwK Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi ytkvm‡bi wkKvi nq| mvgªvR¨ev`x B‡›`v‡bwkqvi wegvZvmyje AvPiY c~e© wZgy‡ii RbMY †g‡b †bqwb Zvi Rvbvbv ¸mgvI‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡ mk ¿ cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j Ges 2002 mv‡j Zviv B‡›`v‡bwkqv †_‡K Zv‡`i †`k‡K ^vaxb Ki‡Z mÿg nq| Abyi~cfv‡e cwðg cvwK Ív‡bi

kvmK‡Mvôxi wegvZvmyjf AvPiY, A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨, mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb, ivR‰bwZK AwaKviniY I mvgwiK ytkvmb evsjvi RbMY gyL eyu‡R mn¨ K‡iwb| Zviv Av‡›`vj‡b †b‡g c‡o fvlvi Rb¨ cÖvY †`q| cieZx©‡Z RvwZi RbK e½eÜyi †bZ…‡Z¡ PzovšÍ ^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o| `xN© bq gvm mk ¿ msMÖv‡gi

ga¨ w`‡q 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤i ¯vaxbZv AR©b K‡i| DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvq GwU cÖZxqgvb nq †h, c~e© wZgy‡ii ¯vaxbZv AR©‡bi †h iƒc‡iLv Zv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv jv‡fi c_ cwiµgvq A‡bKvs‡kB wgj i‡q‡Q| ZvB Ôc~e© wZgyi †hb c~e© evsjvi cÖwZ”QweÕ Dw³wU h_v_© cÖgvwYZ nq|

cvVmƒò-7 : gywÚhyG«¬ wek¼ RbgZ I wewf®² ˆ`Gki f„wgKv

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 10 ÔKÕ iv‡óªi kvmK †kÖwYi weiæ‡× RbM‡Yi †hŠw³K gyw³ msMÖv‡g GKwU A‡ji AZ¨vPvwiZ I AvkÖqnxb gvbyl‡K ÔLÕ ivóª AvkÖq, Lv`¨, e ¿, wPwKrmv I Ab¨vb¨ mKj wel‡q mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i Ges Zv‡`i ytL- y ©kvi Z_¨wPÎI we‡k¦i `iev‡i Zz‡j a‡ib| [P. †ev. Õ19] K. †K eyw×Rxex ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai ’cwZ wQ‡jb? 1 L. evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³hy‡×i Zvrch© eY©bv Ki| 2 M. evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgq †Kvb iv‡óªi f‚wgKv DÏxc‡Ki

ÔLÕ iv‡óªi f‚wgKvi g‡Zv wQj? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D³ iv‡óªi M„nxZ Kg©Kv‡Ði d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv jvf

Z¡ivwšZ nq †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 4

10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L dwi`DwÏb Avn‡g` I gyn¤§` Rv‡g-Avj-kwd eyw×Rxex ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai ’cwZ wQ‡jb|

M wek¦ BwZnv‡m evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³hy× LyeB Zvrch©c~Y© NUbv| evsjv‡`k n‡”Q Z…Zxq we‡k¦i g‡a¨ cÖ_g †`k †h †`k mk ¿ gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g ¯vaxbZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hyׇK †K› ª K‡i we‡k¦i yB civkw³i g‡a¨ K‚U‰bwZK hy×I ïiæ nq|

wÎk jÿ kwn`, K‡qK jÿ gv-†ev‡bi mxgvnxb Kó, wbcxob Avi Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q GB gnvb ¯vaxbZv AR©b m¤¢e n‡q‡Q| gnvb gyw³hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i gvbwP‡Î m‡MŠi‡e ’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q|

N evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgq fvi‡Zi f‚wgKv DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ iv‡óªi f‚wgKvi g‡Zv wQj| DÏxc‡K ÔKÕ iv‡óªi kvmK‡kÖwYi weiæ‡× RbM‡Yi †hŠw³K gyw³ msMÖv‡g AeZxY© nIqv I †mB iv‡óªi AZ¨vPvwiZ I AvkÖqnxb gvbyl‡K AvkÖq, Lv`¨, e ¿, wPwKrmvmn mvwe©K mnvqZv cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g ÔLÕ ivóªwU cig eÜy‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ ivóªwUi Abyiƒc fviZ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡g mvwe©K mnvqZv cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g K…wÎg eÜy‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× mivmwi mg_©b Rvbvq cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fviZ| 1971 mv‡ji 25†k gv‡P©i KvjivwÎi exfrm nZ¨vKvÐ I cieZ©x 9 gvm a‡i cvwK Ívb `Lj`vi evwnbx †h bviKxq MYnZ¨v, jyÉb I aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq, fviZ Zv wek¦evmxi wbKU mv_©Kfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i| wech© Í cÖvq 1 †KvwU kiYv_©x‡K fvi‡Zi RbMY I miKvi AvkÖq, Lv`¨, e ¿, wPwKrmv w`‡q mnvqZv K‡i| fvi‡Zi A‡bK ’v‡b evsjv‡`‡ki kiYv_©x‡`i Rb¨ dvÛ MVb Kiv n‡qwQj| mgMÖ fviZevmxi AKzÉ mnvqZvq †mw`b cÖv‡Y †eu‡P wM‡qwQj AmsL¨ kiYv_©x| evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³hy‡× Zv‡`i G Ae`vb Avgiv kÖ×vi mv‡_ ¯§iY K‡i _vwK| myZivs DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ iv‡óªi mv‡_ fvi‡Zi mv „k¨ i‡q‡Q, hviv evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× mvwe©K mnvqZv w`‡q Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡LwQj|

O D³ ivóª Z_v fvi‡Zi M„nxZ Kg©Kv‡Ði d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki

¯vaxbZv jvf Z¡ivwšZ nq e³e¨wUi mv‡_ Avwg mngZ †cvlY KiwQ| DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ iv‡óªi †hŠw³K msMÖvg I AvkÖqnxb gvbyl‡K AvkÖ‡qi cvkvcvwk Lv`¨, e ¿, wPwKrmvmn Ab¨vb¨ mKj wel‡q mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g ÔLÕ ivóª †hgb cv‡k uvwo‡q‡Q, wVK †Zgwb evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³hy‡× fvi‡Zi miKvi I me© ͇ii gvbyl evsjv‡`‡ki cv‡k uvwo‡qwQj Zv‡`i m‡e©v”P mvnvh¨ wb‡q| evsjv‡`‡ki †hŠw³K ¯vaxbZv msMÖvg‡K mivmwi mg_©b I wek¦RbgZ MV‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L fviZ| cvwK Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbx †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †h aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq Zv wek¦evmxi wbKU Zz‡j a‡i Gi weiæ‡× fviZ Zvi Ae ’vb †NvlYv K‡i| fviZ ïay 1 †KvwU kiYv_©x‡K mvwe©K mnvqZv cÖ vbB K‡iwb, GKB mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix‡`i A ¿ I cÖwkÿY w`‡qI mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mi m‡½ fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜxi bvg IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| wZwbB cÖ_g evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hyׇK AvšÍR©vwZK cwim‡i cwiwPZ K‡i †Zv‡jb Zvi wbijm Kg©ZrciZv w`‡q| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i †kl ch©v‡q, 1971 mv‡ji 3iv wW‡m¤i cvwK Ívb fvi‡Z wegvb nvgjv Pvjvq| cvwK Ív‡bi Avµg‡Yi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z evsjv‡`k Ges fviZ miKvi gyw³evwnbx I fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi mgš‡q †hŠ_ KgvÐ MVb K‡i| fvi‡Zi eû ˆmb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡× kwn` nb| fzUv‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ fviZI 6B wW‡m¤i ¯vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k‡K cÖ_g ¯xK…wZ cÖ vb K‡i| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, fvi‡Zi mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZvi d‡jB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv jvf Z¡ivwšZ nq|

22 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

cvVmƒò-8 : RvZxq msMxGZi BwZnvm ‰es RvZxq ÕÆwZÕ¦Á¿

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 11 wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki :

[we G Gd kvnxb K‡jR, kg‡kibMi, †gŠjfxevRvi] K. KZ Zvwi‡L gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq? 1 L. gyw³hy‡× bvix‡`i Ae`vb Kx wQj? 2 M. wPÎwU †Kvb NUbvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 N. D³ ¯§„wZ ͤ¢wU wbg©v‡Yi Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki| 4

11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L 1971 mv‡ji 10B GwcÖj gywRebMi miKvi MwVZ nq|

M gyw³hy‡× bvix‡`i †MŠi‡ev¾¡j f‚wgKv wQj| 1971 mv‡ji gv‡P©i cÖ_g †_‡KB †`‡ki cÖwZwU A‡j †h msMÖvg cwil` MVb Kiv nq Zv‡Z bvix‡`i we‡klZ QvÎx‡`i AskMÖnY wQj ¯Ztù‚Z©| Zviv cyiæ‡li cvkvcvwk wgwUs-wgwQj Ki‡Zv| GQvov gyw³‡hv×v‡`i AvkÖq w`‡q, Lvevi w`‡q mnvqZv K‡ib| GQvov cÖZ¨ÿ hy‡× AskMÖnY Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq|

N DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡ai Qwe| RvZxq G ¯§„wZ‡mŠa evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvZwU NUbvi †hgb 1952, 1954, 1965, 1962, 1966, 1969 Ges 1971 BZ¨vw` ¯§„wZ enb K‡i| gyw³hy‡×i jÿ jÿ bvg bv Rvbv kwn‡`i Agi ¯§„wZi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbwg©Z RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa XvKv kni †_‡K 35 wK.wg. ~‡i DËi-cwð‡g mvfv‡i Aew ’Z| Avgv‡`i `xN© ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g wewfbœ Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi cÖZxK enb K‡i ¯§„wZ ͤ¢wU| mvZ †Rvov wÎfzRvKvi †`qv‡ji gva¨‡g ¯§„wZ‡mŠ`wU

ˆZwi| G mvZwU ͤ¢ 1947 mvj †_‡K 1971 mvj ch©šÍ 24 eQ‡i cwðg cvwK Ívwb‡`i †kvlYeÂbvi weiæ‡× c~e© cvwK Ív‡bi cÖwZev`x mvZwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mgq‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U wbe©vPb, 1965 mv‡ji msweavb, 1962 mv‡ji kixd wkÿv Kwgkb, 1966 mv‡ji Qq`dv, 1969 mv‡ji MYAfz¨Ìvb Ges 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy× G mvZwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mg‡qi ¯§„wZ enb K‡i Avgv‡`i RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa, evOvwji AnsKvi, †MŠie Avi gh©v`vi cÖZxK G ¯§„wZ‡mŠa|

O D³ ¯§„wZ ͤ¢wU wbg©v‡Yi Zvrch© Acwimxg| ZrKvjxb cvwK Ív‡bi wewfbœ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvi ¯§„wZ¯iƒc wbwg©Z nq RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa| XvKv kni †_‡K 35 wK. wg. DËi-cwð‡g mvfv‡i Aew ’Z| ’vcwZ gCbyj †nvm‡bi bKkv Abyhvqx RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa wbg©vY Kiv nq| mvZwU †Rvov wÎfzRvKvi †`qv‡ji gva¨‡g †QvU †_‡K eo n‡q av‡c av‡c †mŠawU 150 dzU D”PZvq †cuŠ‡Q‡Q| mgMÖ ¯§„wZ‡mŠa cÖav‡bi †mŠ›`h© I Mv¤¢xh© e„w×i cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ wewfbœ Dcv`vb e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| ¯§„wZ ͇¤¢i g~j †ew`‡Z †h‡Z n‡j †ek `xN© DuPzwbPz c_, †c‡g›U I GKwU K…wÎg †j‡Ki Dci wbwg©Z †mZz cvi n‡Z nq| G mewKQz Avm‡jB Avgv‡`i `xN© ¯vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖZxK| Gi cv‡k i‡q‡Q MYKei, hv‡`i Ag~j¨ Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q G‡`k kÎygy³ n‡q‡Q| g~j ¯§„wZ‡mŠ‡a mvZ‡Rvov †`qvj hv g~jZ evOvwji †MŠieMv_v msMÖv‡gi cÖZxK| GB ivR‰bwZK NUbv¸‡jv n‡jv 1952, 1954, 1956, 1962, 1966, 1969 Ges 1971| ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv G mvZwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ wQj Avgv‡`i ¯vaxbZvi exR| RvZxq ¯§„wZ‡mŠa Avgv‡`i †mB gnvb kwn`‡`i K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| AvMvgx cÖRš§ †hb G weRqMv_v m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i †mB j‡ÿ¨ 1972 mv‡j ¯§„wZ‡mŠa wbg©v‡Yi KvR ïiæ nq| wZbwU ch©v‡qi gva¨‡g 1982 mv‡j †MŠie, AnsKvi Avi gh©v`vi cÖZxK ¯§„wZ ͤ¢wUi wbg©vY †kl nq| †mB †_‡K GwU evOvwji i³ÿqx BwZnvm enb K‡i‡Q|

Aa¨vq e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj (1972-1975)

14

cvVm~Î-1 : e½eÜyi ¯‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1

[iv. †ev. Õ20] K. e½eÜy RvwZms‡Ni KZZg Awa‡ek‡b cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv

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N DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU gyw³hy× cieZ©x †h NUbv‡K Bw½Z K‡i Zv n‡”Q e½eÜyi ¯‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯vaxbZv jv‡fi ci e½eÜy cvwK Ív‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ †c‡q Bsj¨vÛ n‡q †`‡k wd‡ib| 1972 mv‡ji 10B Rvbyqvwi †`‡k †divi Av‡M cvwK Ívb evwnbxi we‡kl wegv‡b e½eÜy‡K cvwK Ívb †_‡K mivmwi jÛ‡b wb‡q hvIqv nq| c‡i weªwUk ivRKxq K‡gU wegv‡b w`wjø n‡q wZwb XvKvq Av‡mb| XvKvq gnvb †bZv‡K Rvbv‡bv nq Af‚Zc~e© Awfb›`b| Awemsevw`Z †bZvi cÖwZ RbM‡Yi Av‡eMgq Awfb›`b wQj ¯Ztù‚Z©| cyivZb wegvb e›`i †_‡K igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb ch©šÍ jvL jvL RbZv Dcw ’Z nq wcÖq †bZv‡K GKevi †`Lvi Rb¨| †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †kL gywReyi ingvb Zvi e³„Zvq m`¨ iv‡óªi Avï KiYxq I bxwZ

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evsjv‡`k wewbg©v‡Y c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj‡K GK‡hv‡M KvR Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb Ges †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx Zv‡`i‡K wb‡qvM †`b| K…wli Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wZwb 25 weNv ch©šÍ Rwgi LvRbv gIKzd K‡ib| 100 weNv ch©šÍ Rwgi gvwjKvbv wba©viY K‡i †`b Ges 22 jv‡Li AwaK K…lK cwievi‡K cybe©vm‡bi e¨e ’v K‡ib| wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wZwb 1972 mv‡ji 26†k RyjvB Kz`ivZ-G-Ly`vi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU wkÿv Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| GQvovI wZwb 900 K‡jR feb I 400 nvB ¯‹zj feb cybwb©gvY K‡ib| cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K miKvwiKiY K‡ib| moK, †ij I wegvb †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e½eÜy bvbv c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| hy×weaŸ Í mKj moK I †mZzi ms¯‹vi Ges wegvb †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ 1973 mv‡ji 18B Ryb cÖ_g d¬vBU Pvjy K‡ib| `xN©‡gqvw` Dbœqb cwiKíbvi Rb¨ bexb ivóª wn‡m‡e e½eÜy 1972 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m cwiKíbv Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| GQvov mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g cuvPmvjv cwiKíbv (1973-78) MÖnY Kiv nq| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, e½eÜy ¯‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi d‡j hy×weaŸ Í evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©Vb Z¡ivwšZ nq|

cvVm~Î-2 : hy×weaŸ Í evsjv‡`k

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 2 „k¨cU-1 : eb¨vi Kvi‡Y †MvgZx b`xi fvOb †`Lv †`q| †MvgZx b`xi fvO‡b 10wU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq, 4wU gva¨wgK we`¨vjq, 3wU gv ªvmv I 1wU K‡jR m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †f‡O c‡o| ’vbxq gvbbxq msm` GB wkÿv cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni cybtwbg©vY I ms¯‹v‡ii KvR K‡ib| „k¨cU-2 : Avwd«Kvi `wÿ‡Yi †`k my`vb| mv¤úÖwZK mg‡q †`kwU

¯vaxb nq| †`kwUi miKvicÖavb mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ wewfbœ †`‡ki cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| ¯vaxb †`kwUi miKvicÖavb cvi¯úwiK kvwšÍc~Y© mnve ’vb †_‡K eÜy‡Z¡i nvZ evwo‡q w`‡ZI †Rvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| [Xv. †ev. Õ20] K. MYcwil‡`i GKgvÎ KvR Kx? 1 L. msm`xq miKvi‡K Revew`wng~jK miKvi ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. „k¨cU-1 G hy×weaŸ Í evsjv‡`k cybM©V‡bi †Kvb

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2bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L MYcwil‡`i GKgvÎ KvR msweavb cÖYqb Kiv|

M msm`xq miKvi‡K Revew`wng~jK miKvi ejv nq| KviY G c×wZi miKvi e¨e ’vq gwš¿cwil‡`i gwš¿MY Zv‡`i Kvh©vewji Rb¨ AvBbmfvi wbKU `vqx _v‡Kb Ges Zv‡`i K‡g©i Rb¨

AvBbmfvi wbKU Zv‡`i‡K Revew`wn Ki‡Z nq| ZvB G c×wZi miKvi e¨e ’v‡K Revew`wng~jK miKvi e¨e ’vI ejv nq|

N DÏxc‡K ewY©Z „k¨cU-1 G hy×weaŸ Í evsjv‡`k cybM©V‡bi cybe©vmb I cybM©Vbg~jK Kvh©µg wb‡ ©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z „k¨cU-1 G †hgb eb¨v cieZx© mg‡q b`x fvO‡bi d‡j m„ó Aw ’iZv cÖkg‡b wewfbœ cybM©Vbg~jK Kvh©µg M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| Z ªæc 1971 mv‡ji ¯vaxbZv hy× cieZx©Kvjxb mg‡q hy×weaŸ Í evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li cybe©vmb I mvgwMÖK †ÿ‡Î cybM©Vbg~jK e¨e ’v wQj GKwU eo `vwqZ¡| Gmgq cybe©vmb I cybM©V‡bi KwVb `vwqZ¡ wb‡q KvR ïiæ K‡i miKvi| cÖkvmwbK KvVv‡gv †f‡O covq †iW µm †mvmvBwU Ges ÎvY I cybe©vmb KwgwUi gva¨‡g †Rjv †_‡K MÖvg ch©vq ch©šÍ ÎvYmvgMÖx weZiY Kiv nq| eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z cybe©vmb Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ miKvwi wn‡m‡e gvwmK wfwËK GK Pvwn`vcÎ ˆZwi Kiv nq| G‡Z cÖwZ gv‡m Lv‡`¨i cÖ‡qvRb wQj yB jÿ †_‡K AvovB jÿ Ub, wm‡g‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRb wQj GK jÿ¨ Ub, †XDwUb jvM‡e cÂvk nvRvi Ub, Kv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRb cÂvk nvRvi Ub Ges Ilyamn Ab¨vb¨ wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖxi Pvwn`v wQj yB jÿ Ub| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb miKvicÖavb wn‡m‡e 14B Rvbyqvwi, 1972 mv‡ji cÖ_g msev` m‡¤§j‡b miKv‡ii Riæwi Kg©cwiKíbv Dc ’vc‡bi cvkvcvwk we‡k¦i mKj ivóª, ¯vaxbZvwcÖq gvbyl I AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K mvnvh¨ cÖ v‡bi D`vi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| hv DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ „k¨cU-1 G g‡Zv hy×weaŸ Í evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©Vb I cybe©vmbg~jK Kvh©µg‡K wb‡ ©k K‡i|

O nu¨v, evsjv‡`k‡K wewfbœ iv‡óªi ¯xK…wZ Av`vq I †`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK mnvqZv Avbq‡b „k¨cU-2 Gi NUbviB cÖwZdjb| welqwUi mv‡_ Avwg m¤ú~Y© GKgZ| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z „k¨cU-2-Gi NUbvq †hgb m`¨ ¯vaxb GKwU †`k `wÿY my`v‡bi cÖwZ ˆe‡`wkK mg_©b m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbvq ciivóªbxwZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| Z ªæc Z…Zxq we‡k¦i m`¨ ¯vaxb GKwU ivóª wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Aw ÍZ¡ I Dbœqb wbwðZ Ki‡Z ciivóªbxwZi f‚wgKv wQj AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| e½eÜy 1972 mv‡ji 10B Rvbyqvwi †`‡k wd‡i Avmvi c~‡e© fzUvb I fviZ Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi ¯xK…wZ cvqwb evsjv‡`k| cvwK Ívb I Zvi wg·`i evsjv‡`k-we‡ivax cÖPviYvq we‡k¦i A‡bK ivóª ZLbI weåvšÍ| Ab¨w`‡K hy×weaŸ Í †`k cybM©V‡b AvšÍR©vwZK m¤úÖ v‡qi mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv jvf Riæwi n‡q c‡o| e½eÜy Zvi `xN© ivR‰bwZK AwfÁZv I †gav w`‡q AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇji GB k~b¨Zv c~i‡Y mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| GB GKB †PóvwU Kiv n‡q‡Q DÏxc‡K ewY©Z „k¨cU-2 G| myZivs Av‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq, evsjv‡`k‡K wewfbœ iv‡óªi ¯xK…wZ Av`vq I †`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK mnvqZv Avbq‡b „k¨cU-2 Gi NUbviB cÖwZdjb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 3 „k¨Kí-1 : wgqvbgv‡ii mvgwiK RvšÍv miKvi ivLvBb iv‡R¨i RbM‡Yi evwoNi cyuwo‡q †`q Ges wkï-bvix-cyiæl A‡bK‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i| d‡j Zviv `j †eu‡a evsjv‡`‡k P‡j Av‡m| „k¨Kí-2 : gvj‡qwkqvi cÖavbgš¿x gvnvw_i gynv¤§` Zvi ivóªxq

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24 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

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M y®úwieZ©bxq msweavb ej‡Z †evSvq †h msweavb mn‡R cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb n‡jv y®úwieZ©bxq| evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cwieZ©b mn‡R Kiv hvq bv| Gi Rb¨ GK we‡kl c×wZi Aej¤b Kiv nq| mvaviY AvBb Øviv cwieZ©b m¤¢e bq| evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvab ev cwieZ©‡bi †ÿ‡Î RvZxq msm‡`i †gvU m`m¨ msL¨vi yB-Z…Zxqvsk m`‡m¨i †fv‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb nq| msweavb ms‡kvabx wej ivóªcwZi m¤§wZi Rb¨ †ck Kiv nq Ges ivóªcwZ 7 w`‡bi g‡a¨ we‡j m¤§wZ †`b|

N „k¨cU-1 G gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q cvKnvbv`vi evwnbx KZ…©K wbixn evOvwj‡`i Ici †h AZ¨vPvi Ges wbixn evOvwj Rvbgvj iÿvq cvk¦©eZ©x †`k fvi‡Z AvkÖqMÖnY K‡i Zvi wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| „k¨cU-1 G †`Lv hvq, wgqvbgv‡ii mvgwiK RvšÍv miKvi ivLvBb

iv‡R¨i RbM‡Yi Nievwo cywo‡q †`q Ges eû wkï-bvix-cyiæl‡K wbwe©Pv‡i nZ¨v K‡i| d‡j Zviv `j †eu‡a evsjv‡`‡k P‡j Av‡m| G NUbvi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡k msNwUZ cvwK Ívwb evwnbxi MYnZ¨vi NUbvwU mv „k¨c~Y©| 1971 mv‡ji 25†k gv‡P©i Kvjiv‡Zi exfrm nZ¨vKvÐ I cieZ©x 9 gvm a‡i cvwK Ívwb `Lj`vi evwnbx †h bviKxq MYnZ¨v, jyÉb I aŸsmhÁ Pvjvq fviZ miKvi Zv wek¦evmxi wbKU mv_©Kfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i| Gmgq fvi‡Zi RbMY I miKvi cÖvq GK †KvwU kiYv_©x‡K AvkÖq, Lv`¨, e ¿, wPwKrmv I gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A ¿k ¿ Ges cÖwkÿY w`‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i| GQvov fvi‡Z AvkÖqK…Z kiYv_©x‡`i mvnvhv‡_© fviZxq RbMY me©vZ¡K mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq, „k¨cU-1 I gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi fvi‡Z AvkÖq †bIqvi wPÎB dz‡U D‡V‡Q|

O Ò „k¨cU-2 G ewY©Z gvnvw_i gynv¤§` †hb ¯vaxbZv-DËi

e½eÜyi cÖwZiƒc|Ó gšÍe¨wU h_v_©| „k¨cU-2 G ewY©Z gvj‡qwkqvi cÖavbgš¿x gvnvw_i gynv¤§` Zvi

ivóªxq Kv‡R †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx †jvK wb‡qvM w`‡Zb| †mLv‡b eY©-a‡g©i †Kv‡bv †f`v‡f` wQj bv| wkÿvi cÖmv‡i wZwb wewfbœ e¨e ’v MÖnY K‡ib| d‡j Zvi my‡hvM¨ †bZ…‡Z¡ gvj‡qwkqvi mKj Ae¨e ’v ~i n‡q Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B GKwU DbœZ iv‡óª cwiYZ nq|

Abyiƒcfv‡e, ^vaxbZv-DËi e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb hy× we× Í evsjv‡`k wewbg©v‡Y c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb ag©-eY© wbwe©‡k‡l mKj‡K GK‡hv‡M KvR Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb Ges †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx Zv‡`i‡K wb‡qvM †`b| K…wli Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wZwb 25 weNv ch©šÍ Rwgi LvRbv gIKzd K‡ib| 100 weNv ch©šÍ Rwgi gvwjKvbv wba©viY K‡i †`b| wkÿvi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wZwb 1972 mv‡ji 26†k RyjvB Kz`iZ-B-Ly`vi †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU wkÿv Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| GQvovI wZwb 900 K‡jR feb I 400 nvB¯‹zj feb 18 nvRvi cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq wbg©vY K‡ib| cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq‡K miKvwiKiY K‡ib| moK, †ij I wegvb †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ e½eÜy bvbv c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡ib| hy× weaŸ Í mKj moK I †mZzi ms¯‹vi

Ges wegvb †hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ 1973 mv‡ji 18 Ryb cÖ_g d¬vBU Pvjy K‡ib| `xN©‡gqvw` Dbœqb cwiKíbvi Rb¨ bexb ivóª wn‡m‡e e½eÜy 1972 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m cwiKíbv Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| GQvov mvgwMÖK A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ_g cuvPkvjv cwiKíbv (1973-78) MÖnY Kiv nq| myZivs ejv hvq, „k¨cU-2 G gvnvw_i gynv¤§` †hb ¯vaxbZv DËi e½eÜyiB cÖwZiƒc|

cvVm~Î-3 : msweavb cÖYqb 1972

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 4 GwU GKwU iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P `wjj| GUv mycwieZ©bxq I y®úwieZ©bxq, GwU evsjv I Bs‡iwR fvlvq iwPZ| jv‡Lv kwn‡`i i‡³i wewbg‡q G `wjj AR©b Kiv nq| [P. †ev. Õ20] K. ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb KZ Zvwi‡L nq? 1 L. msm`xq kvmbe¨e ’v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb welqwU cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡K wb‡ ©wkZ AwR©Z `wj‡ji ˆewkó¨ wbiƒcY Ki| 4

4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi L ¯vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq 1973 mv‡ji 7B gvP©|

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N DÏxc‡K m`¨ ¯vaxb GKwU †`‡ki me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `wjj msweavb welqwU cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q| msweavb GKwU iv‡óªi m‡e©v”P `wjj| GB `wjj wjwLZ ev AwjwLZ n‡Z cv‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb GKwU wjwLZ `wjj| `xN© msMÖvg, Z¨vM Avi i‡³i wewbg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY G msweavb jvf K‡i| D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb 1947 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv AR©b K‡i| `yB eQ‡i fviZ msweavb cÖYq‡b mdj n‡jI cvwK¯Ív‡bi mgq †j‡M‡Q 9 eQi, ZvI Zv Kvh©Ki nqwb| Acic‡ÿ gvÎ 9 gv‡m mw`”Qv, AvšÍwiKZv Avi RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †`Iqv cÖwZkÖæwZi cÖwZ mr †_‡K we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg GKwU my›`i msweavb cÖYxZ n‡qwQj e½eÜy miKv‡ii nvZ a‡i| †hwU wQj 26†k gvP© †_‡K 16B wW‡m¤^i my`xN© 9 gv‡mi i³kÖ‡g AwR©Z GKwU f‚L‡Ði mvsweavwbK `wjj| Ges DÏxc‡K ewY©Z D³ eY©bvq G ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqwUB cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q|

O DÏxc‡K wb‡ ©wkZ D³ AwR©Z `wjjwU n‡jv msweavb| 1972 mv‡j cÖYxZ G msweavbwU wQj GKwU wjwLZ `wjj| evsjv I Bs‡iwR Dfq fvlvq msweavb iwPZ nq| Z‡e evsjv‡K g~j fvlv wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv nq| G msweav‡b 1wU cÖ Ívebv, 11wU fvM, 153wU Aby‡”Q` Ges 4wU Zdwmj wQj| msweav‡bi cÖ_g fv‡M cÖRvZ‡š¿i ˆewkó¨mg~n, wØZxq fv‡M ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZmn, Z…Zxq fv‡M †gŠwjK AwaKvimg~n, PZz_© fv‡M wbe©vnx wefvM, cÂg fv‡M RvZxq msm`, lô fv‡M wePvi wefvM, mßg fv‡M wbe©vPb, Aóg fv‡M gnvwnmve wbixÿY I wbqš¿K, beg fv‡M Kg©Kwgkb, `kg fv‡M msweavb ms‡kvab I GKv`k fv‡M wewea wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| m‡e©vcwi, e½eÜy miKv‡ii GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvdj¨ n‡jv AwZ ªæZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ GKwU msweavb ˆZwi Kiv|

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m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 5

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26 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

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e½eÜyi miKvi we‡k¦i mKj †`‡ki mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq ¯v_©‡K mevi Dc‡i ’vb w`‡qwQ‡jb| gyw³hy‡× bvbvfv‡e mvnvh¨-mn‡hvwMZv Kivq fviZ, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqbmn Ab¨vb¨ mgvRZvwš¿K †`kMy‡jvi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki AvšÍwiK eÜyZ¡c~Y© m¤úK© M‡o I‡V Ges Zviv Zv‡`i mva¨ Abyhvqx mvnvh¨ K‡i| ¯vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki Aw ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivLvi msMÖv‡g fviZ miKvi wegvb, RvnvR †_‡K kyiy K‡i Lv`¨km¨, †c‡Uªvwjqvg I wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgMÖx mvnvh¨ I Aby`vb wn‡m‡e cÖ vb K‡i| 1972 mv‡ji Ryb gvm ch©šÍ cÖvß we‡`wk mvnv‡h¨i kZKiv 67.01 fvM cÖ vb K‡i fviZ| ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h, fviZxq mvnvh¨ e¨ZxZ evsjv‡`k‡K eo ai‡bi gvbweK wech©q †_‡K euvPv‡bv m¤¢e n‡Zv bv| Z…Zxq we‡k¦i we‡`wk mvnvh¨MÖnYKvix GKwU †`k nIqv m‡Ë¡I fviZ, evsjv‡`‡ki cybM©V‡b wecyj cwigvY mvnvh¨ cÖ vb K‡iwQj|

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cvVm~Î-5 : 15B AvM‡÷i wbg©g nZ¨vKvÐ

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 7 wb‡Pi QwewU jÿ Ki :

[Kz. †ev. Õ20]

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N wP‡Î cÖ wk©Z fvlY n‡”Q e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi HwZnvwmK 7B gv‡P©i fvlY| 1971 mv‡ji 7B gvP© XvKvi †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b e½eÜy Zvi HwZnvwmK fvlY cÖ vb K‡ib| e½eÜyi 7B gv‡P©i fvl‡Yi ciw`b †_‡K mviv‡`‡k e¨vcK Av‡›`vjb kyiy n‡q hvq| Zvi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i †`‡ki ¯‹zj-K‡jR, Awdm-Av`vjZ, KjKviLvbv me eÜ n‡q hvq| weÿzä RbZv cvKevwnbxi m`m¨‡`i wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z _v‡K| LvRbv-U¨v· Av`vq eÜ n‡q hvq| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Bqvwnqv Lvb wU°v Lvb‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i wb‡qvM K‡ib| 10B gvP© miKvi GK mvgwiK Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i mKj Kg©KZ©v Kg©Pvix‡K Kg©¯’‡j †hvM †`Iqvi wb‡`©k †`b| wKšÍy Gi ciI c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi me©¯Í‡ii RbMY Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| 13B gvP© miKvi cybivq mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡i| 14B gvP© cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †bZv RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Æv GKwU Aev¯Íe cÖ¯Ív‡ei gva¨‡g c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vMwiô `‡ji nv‡Z ÿgZv †Q‡o †`Iqvi dg©~jv †`b| Z‡e e½eÜy Gme K_vq MyiyZ¡ bv w`‡q IB w`bB 35 `dvwfwËK Av‡`kbvgv Rvwi K‡ib| e½eÜyi Av‡`k Rvwii ci †_‡K kyaygvÎ †mbvevwnbx Qvov me©Î AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbqš¿Y cÖwZwôZ nq| Ae¯’vi MfxiZv Dcjwä K‡i Bqvwnqv Lvb 15B gvP© XvKv md‡i Av‡mb| 16B gvP© Bqvwnqv-gywRe Av‡jvPbv kyiy nq| 22†k gvP© nVvr RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Æv XvKv Av‡mb Ges Av‡jvPbvq Ask †bb| Gi g‡a¨ 19B gvP© cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨iv Rq‡`ecy‡ii wbixn gvby‡li Ici nvgjv Pvjv‡j Gi cÖfve gywRe-Bqvwnqv Av‡jvPbv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| g~jZ Gmgq Av‡jvPbv e¨_© n‡q hvq| 23†k gvP© cÖRvZš¿ w`e‡m G‡`‡ki N‡i N‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi cZvKvi cwie‡Z© ¯^vaxb evsjvi cZvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| 24†k gvP© AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…e„›` msKU mgvav‡bi †kl †Póv K‡ib| wKš‘ Av‡jvPbv Amgvß †i‡L 25†k gvP© Bqvwnqv Lvb †Mvc‡b XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| d‡j 25†k gvP© ga¨iv‡Z evOvwji Ici †b‡g Av‡m Pig AvNvZ|

O Ò¯vaxbZv cieZ©xKv‡j D³ †bZvi A_©vr e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi nZ¨vKv‡Ði d‡j †`‡ki ˆbivR¨Ki Ae ’v †`Lv w`‡qwQj|Ó

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15B AvM÷ 1975 mvj evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m Kj¼gq GKwU w`b| NvZKiv G w`b RvwZi wcZv I cuvP cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wbg©g I b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| ee©i nZ¨vh‡Á †g‡Z IVv Lywbiv wQj †mbvevwnbxi wec_Mvgx wKQy m`m¨| c ©vi AšÍiv‡j wQj mvgwiK I †emvgwiK lohš¿Kvixiv| e½eÜy 1972 mv‡ji 12B Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ ch©šÍ miKvi cwiPvjbv K‡ib| G miKvi gvÎ wZb eQi mvZ gvm wZb w`b `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi my‡hvM cvq| G ¯í mg‡q wZwb cvwK Ívwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi aŸsmhÁ †_‡K †`k‡K M‡o †Zvjvi Ges AvšÍR©vwZK ¯xK…wZ Av`v‡qi gva¨‡g ewnwe©‡k¦ mš§vbRbK fveg~wZ© wbg©v‡Y Abb¨ mvaviY f‚wgKv iv‡Lb| wKš‘ 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ Zvi nZ¨v ci ci 1975-1990 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k wQj †bZ…Z¡ k~b¨| G mgq †Kv‡bv †hvM¨ kvmK wQj bv| G `xN© mg‡q †`k †mbv kvwmZ wQj| G †mbvkvm‡bi mgq Afz¨Ìvb I cvëv Afz¨Ìv‡bi

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ga¨ w`‡q †`k kvmb Pj‡Z _v‡K| d‡j †hvM¨ †bZvi Afv‡e G `xN© mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl †Kv‡bv MVbg~jK Dbœqb †`‡Lwb ev MVb g~jKfv‡e ivóª cwiPvwjZ nqwb| cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi nZ¨vKv‡Ði d‡j †`‡ki ˆbivR¨Ki Ae ’v †`Lv w`‡qwQj|

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28 †kl gyn~‡Z©i P‚ovšÍ cÖ ‘wZ GmGmwm cixÿv 2021

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O DÏxc‡K D³ gnvb †bZv A_©vr e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi K…wZZ¡ Acwimxg| e½eÜyi mviv Rxe‡bi Kg©KvÐ, Av‡›`vjb, msMÖvg wb‡ ©wkZ n‡q‡Q evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i j‡ÿ¨| GB jÿ¨ wb‡q wZwb 1948 mv‡j QvÎjxM Ges 1949 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM cÖwZôvq D‡`¨vMx nb| Ô48 I 52-i fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b wZwb ewjô f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib| 1954 mv‡ji hy³d«›U wbe©vPb, 1956 mv‡ji msweav‡b evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e ¯xK…wZ`vb, 1958 mv‡j †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvmbwe‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b me‡P‡q †ewk f‚wgKv iv‡Lb e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb| 1966 mv‡ji ÔAvgv‡`i euvPvi `vwe Qq `dvÕ Kg©m~wP †ck I Qq `dv wfwËK Av‡›`vjb, 69-Gi MYAfz¨Ìvb, 1970 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi bwRiwenxb weRq, 1971 mv‡ji Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb †_‡K ^vaxbZvi †NvlYv I ¯vaxbZv AR©‡b GK”QÎ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib

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