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Question Bank

Highway and Railway Engineering

(BCO 3.10)

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SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

(1) The shape of camber best suited for cement concrete pavements is[a] straight line [b] parabolic

[c] elliptical [d] combination of straight and parabolic

(2) The stopping sight distance depends upon[a] total reaction time of driver [b] speed of vehicle

[c] efficiency of brakes [d] all of the above

(3) When the path travelled along the road surface is more than the circumferential movementof the wheels due to rotation, then it results in

[a] slipping [b] skidding

[c]turning [d] revolving

(4) Coefficient of friction is less when the pavement surface is[a] rough [b] dry

[c] smooth and dry [d] smooth and wet

(5) Shoulder provided along the road edge should be[a] rougher than the traffic lanes [b] smoother than the traffic lanes

[c] of same colour as that of pavement [d] of very low load bearing capacity

(6) Compared to level surface, on a descending gradient stopping sight distance is[a] less [b] more

[c] same [d] dependant on the speed

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(7) On a single lane road with two traffic, the minimum sight distance is equal to[a] stopping sight distance [b] two times the stopping sight distance

[c] half the stopping sight distance [d] three times the stopping sight distance

(8) The terrain may be classified as rolling terrain if the cross slope of land is[a] up to 10% [b] between 10% and 25%

[c] between 25% and 60% [d] more than 60%

(9) The attainment of superelevation by rotation of pavement about the inner edge of thepavement

[a] is preferable in steep terrain [b] results in balancing earth work

[c] avoids the drainage problem in

flat terrain

[d] does not change the vertical alignment of a road

(10) In the case of hill roads extra widening is generally provided[a]equally on inner and outer sides of

the curve

[b] fully on the inner side of the curve

[c] fully on the outer side of the curve [d] one fourth on the inner side and one fourth on the

outer side of the curve

(11) The sequence of four stages of survey in a highway alignment is[a] reconnaissance, mapstudy, preliminary

survey and detailed survey

[b] mapstudy, preliminary survey,

reconnaissance, and detailed survey

[c] mapstudy, reconnaissance, preliminary

survey and detailed survey

[d] preliminary survey, mapstudy,

reconnaissance, and detailed survey

(12) As per Nagpur road plan, roads in India are classified in[a] four categories [b] five categories

[c] six categories [d] eight categories

(13) Roads are classified on the basis of[a] traffic volume [b] load transported or tonnage

[c] location and function [d] all of the above

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(14) In hill roads additional care has to be given for[a] stability [b] drainage

[c] resisting length [d] all of the above

(15) Index map shows[a] proposed and existing roads [b] general topography of area

[c] ground plan with alignment and boundaries [d] none of the above

(16) Nagpur road plan formulae were prepared by assuming[a] rectangular or block road pattern [b] radial or star and block road pattern

[c] radial or star and circular pattern [d] radial or star and grid road pattern

(17) Select the correct statement[a] Nagpur road formulae take into account

the towns with very large population

[b] Nagpur road plan has a target road length of

32km per 100 sq.km.

[c] second twenty year plan has provided

1600 km of expressway out of the proposed

National Highway

[d] second twenty year plan allowed deduction of

length of railway track in the area while

calculating the length of roads

(18) Allocation of extra levy on petrol is made in accordance with[a] 30% to central road fund and 70% to states

based on consumption

[b] 20% to central road fund and 80% to states

based on consumption

[c] 40% to central road fund and 60% to states

based on consumption

[d] none of these

(19)

The ruling design speed on a National highway in plain terrain as per IRC recommendations is

[a] 60 kmph [b] 80 kmph

[c] 100 kmph [d] 120 kmph

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(20) Which of the following shapes is preferred in valley curve[a] simple parabola [b] cubic parabola

[c] spiral [d] lemniscates

(21) Critical load position in a rigid pavement is taken as

[a] interior loading [b] edge loading

[a]corner loading [d] interior, edge, and corner

loading

(22) The value of ruling gradient in plains as per IRC recommendation is[a] 1 in 12 [b] 1 in 15

[c] 1 in 20 [d] 1 in 30

(23) The number of repetitions, which the pavement thickness designed for a given wheel loadshould be able to support during the life of pavement is

[a] 1000 [b] 10000

[c] 100000 [d] 1000000

(24) In CBR test, the value of CBR is calculated at[a] 2.5mm penetration only [b] 5mm penetration only

[c] 7.5mm penetration only [d] both 2.5mm and 5mm penetration only

(25) Tie bars in cement concrete pavement are at[a] expansion joints [b] contraction joints

[c] warping joints [d] longitudinal joints

(26) Main drawback of CBR method is that it[a] does not consider the strength characteristics of subgrade soil [b] is a complex method

[c] gives the total thickness which remains the same irrespective

of the quality of materials used in component layers

[d] does not give the

thickness of individual layers

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(27) Which of the following represents hardest grade of bitumen[a] 30/40 [b] 60/70

[c] 80/100 [d] 100/120

(28) Critical combination of stresses for corner region in rigid pavement is

[a] load stress + warping stress - frictional stress [b] load stress + warping stress+ frictional stress

[c] load stress + warping stress [d] load stress + frictional

stress

(29) Flexible pavement distribute the wheel load[a] directly to subgrade [b] through structural action

[c] through a set of layers to the subgrade [d] none of the above

(30) Bottommost layer of the pavement is known as[a] wearing course [b] base course

[c] subbase course [d] subgrade

(31) If the group index value of subgrade is between 5 and 9, then the subgrade is treated as[a] good [b] fair

[c] poor [d] very poor

(32) Due to the battering action of wheels over the end of rails, the down and are deflected atends. These rails area called

[a] roaring rails [b] hogged rails

[c] corrugated rails [d] buckled rails

(33) The number of fish bolts per fish plate are[a] 2 [b] 4

[c] 5 [d] 6

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(34) The purpose of providing fillet in a rail section is to[a] increase the lateral strength [b] increase the vertical stiffness

[c] avoid the stress concentration [d] reduce the wear

(35) Gauge is the distance between[a] centre to centre of rails [b] running faces of rails

[c] outer faces of rails [d] none of the above

(36) The cross sectional area of 52 kg lat footed rail is[a] 61.55 cm2 [b] 66.15 cm2

[c] 72.35 cm2 [d] 78.25 cm2

(37) Largest percentage of material in the rail is in its[a] head [b] web

[c] foot [d] head and foot both

(38) The main function of fish plate is[a] to join two rails together [b] to join rails with sleeper

[c] to allow rail to expand and contract freely [d] none of these

(39) The slipping of driving wheels of locomotives on the rail surface causes[a] wheel burns [b] hogging of rails

[c] scabbing of rails [d] corrugation of rails

(40) The formation width for double line Broad Gauge in cutting as adopted on Indian Railways is[a] 6.1m [b] 8.84m

[c] 10.21m [d] 10.82m

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(41) Creep is[a] longitudinal movement of rails [b] lateral movement of

rail

[c] vertical movement of rail [d] difference in level of

two rails

(42) The maximum degree of curvature for meter gauge is limited to

[a] 10o

[b] 16o

[c] 30o [d] 40o

(43) For a Broad Gauge route with sleeper density M+7, number of sleepers per rail length is[a] 18 [b] 19

[c] 20 [d] 21

(44) Nornmally maximum cant permissible in meter gauge[a] 75mm [b] 90mm

[c] 140mm [d] 165mm

(45) The shape of transition curve used by Indian Railways is[a] cubic parabola [b] spiral

[c] sine curve [d] lemniscate of Bernoulli

(46) Switch angle is the angle between[a] gauge face of the stock rail and tongue rail [b] outer face of the stock rail and tongue rail

[c] gauge face of the stock rail and outer face

of tongue rail

[d] outer face of the stock rail and gauge face

of tongue rail

(47) Maximum value of the throw of the switch for Broad Gauge track is[a] 89mm [b] 80 mm

[c] 100mm [d] 115mm

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(48) Which of the following methods for the designation of crossing is used in India[a] centre line method [b] right angle method

[c] isosceles angle metod [d] none of the above

(49) Which of the following devices is used to transfer the wagons or locomotives, to and fromparallel tracks without any necessity for shunting?

[a] triangle [b] turn table

[c] traverse [d] scotch bar

(50) When the semaphore and warner are installed on the same post, then the stop indication isgiven when

[a] both arms are horizontal [b] semaphore arm lowered but warner arm

horizontal

[c] both semaphore and warner arm

horizontal

[d] none of these

ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1 a 6 b 11 c 16 d 21 d 26 c 31 c 36 d 41 c 46 b

2 d 7 b 12 b 17 c 22 d 27 a 32 b 37 a 42 b 47 c

3 b 8 b 13 d 18 b 23 d 28 c 33 c 38 b 43 b 48 a

4 d 9 c 14 d 19 c 24 d 29 c 34 c 39 b 44 c 49 b

5 a 10 b 15 b 20 b 25 d 30 d 35 b 40 a 45 c 50 d

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SCTION B TRUE & FALSE QUESTIONS

[1] The longitudinal friction coefficient recommended by IRC for design of roads is 0.2 to o.3.[2] Uneveness index is the cumulative vertical undulation per unit horizontal length of road.[3] Rate of camber does not depend on type of pavement surface[4] The total reaction time can be split in four parts.[5] For an ideal transition curve the rate of introduction of centrifugal force should be

consistent.

[6] Group index method takes into account the strength characteristics of subgrade soil.[7] Soaked CBR value of the soil subgrade is used for the design of pavement.[8] A high Group Index value indicates a stronger subgrade.[9] Burmisters approach for the design of flexible pavements takes into account the

reinforcing action of pavement layer.

[10] Warping stresses in a rigid pavement are caused due to difference of temperaturebetween top and bottom surface of pavement.

[11] Road network of Connaught place in New Delhi is an example of radial or star and blockpattern.

[12] Origin and destination studies for highway planning are carried out to arrive at trafficpatterns desired.

[13] First stage of Engineering surveys for highway location is reconnaissance.[14] Preliminary survey is aimed at determining the best alignment of highway out of several

proposals.

[15] Rapid reconnaissance can be done by aerial survey of the area.[16] Substantial increase in the land acquisition is required for a permanent track with increase

of gauge.

[17] A Bull headed rail consists of equal section in the foot and head of rail.[18] Ballast is provided to impart some degree of elasticity to the track.[19] Flangeway clearance required for a 1 in 12 turnout is 6.6 cm.[20] If the train from a main track is diverted to the right side of main route in the trailing

direction, then the diversion is called right hand turnout.

[21] A warner signal is similar to that of semaphore signal in shape except a V-notch at freeend.

[22] Absolute block system for the control of locomotives is an improvement over automaticblock system.

[23] Curve lead (CL) is the difference of Switch lead (SL) and Lead or Crossing lead (L).[24] No separate tongue rail is provided in the case of Stub switch.[25] Heel divergence is always lesser than flangeway clearance.

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ANSWERS TRUE & FALSE QUESTIONS

1 F 6 F 11 F 16 F 21 T

2 T 7 T 12 T 17 F 22 F

3 F 8 F 13 F 18 T 23 F

4 F 9 T 14 T 19 F 24 T

5 T 10 T 15 T 20 F 25 F

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SECTION C- SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

[1] What is camber? What are the objectives of camber?[2] Enumerate the factors governing the width of carriageway.[3] List the factors on which stoping sight distance depends[4] What are the design elements to be considered in the horizontal alignments.[5] what is superelevation? What are the factors governing superelevation?[6] Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavements.[7] Mention various factors to be considered in pavement design.[8] What do you understand by Equivalent Single Wheel Load (EWSL).[9] Mention limitations of CBR method of design of pavements.[10] Mention the limitations of Group Index Method of design of pavements.[11] Mention the traffic study details which need to be collected for highway planning.[12] Mention the various categories of roads as per Nagpur road plan.[13] Enumerate various urban kinds of road patterns.[14] What are the obligatory points?[15] Mention the objectives of Preliminary Survey for Highway alignment.[16] What is coning of wheels? What are its advantages?[17] Mention the existing gauges in India and their width.[18] Write the function of rails[19] What are the function of sleepers?[20] What is the necessity of bearing plates?[21] What are the requirements of good tongue rail?[22] Mention the component parts of switches

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[23] What are the sources of moisture in a railway track?[24] What is the purpose of interlocking?[25] What is track circuit? What is its function?

REFERENCES TO SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1 A : 76 6 A: 331-332 11 A: 167 16 B: 3.7 21 B: 2.17

2 A: 78 7 A: 335 12 A: 22 17 B: 3.4 22 B: 2.16

3 A: 86 8 A: 338 13 A: 24 18 B: 2.13 23 B: 23.1

4 A: 103-104 9 A: 355 14 A: 52-53 19 B: 2.14 24 B: 2.8

5 A: 106-107 10 A: 274 & 347 15 A: 57 20 B: 2.20 25 B: 2.17

A. Highway Engineer ing, by S.K. Khanna and C.E.G. Justo, E ighth Edit ion 2001,(Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee (U.A.)

B. A Textbook of Rai lway Engineer ing by S.C. Saxen a and S.P. Arora, Repr int2010, (Dhanpat Rai & Sons)

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SECTION D- LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

[1] Explain various factors controlling the alignment of a Highway.[2] What are the objectives of Preliminary survey? Discuss the procedure to be followed for

preliminary survey using conventional method.

[3] Give the details of drawings to be prepared in a highway project with the recommendedscales and size of the drawings.

[4] What are the conditions which necessitate taking up of a re-alignment project of ahighway? Discuss the steps to be followed in a re-alignment project.

[5] Explain the various stages of work in a new highway project.[6] A state highway passing through a rolling terrain has a horizontal curve of radius equal to

the ruling minimum radius. Design all the geometric features of this curve, assuming a

design speed of 80 Kmph.

[7] Explain the role of pavement surface characteristics in a highway geometric design.[8] What is camber? What are its objectives in a pavement surface? Discuss the factors

affecting the amount of camber to be provided, and recommended ranges of camber for

different type of surfaces.

[9] What is stopping sight distance? Discuss the factors affecting stopping sight distance.[10] What is superelevation? Discuss the factors affecting superelevation and the methods of

attainment of superelevation of field.

[11] Explain the CBR method of pavement design. Discuss IRC recommendations for CBRmethod of design.

[12] Soil subgrade sample was obtained from the project site and the CBR test was conductedat field density. Following were the results

Penetration (mm) Load (Kg) Penetration (mm) Load (kg)

0 0 3.0 58.5

0.9 5 4.0 67.5

1.0 16.2 5.0 75.2

1.5 28.1 7.5 89

2.0 40 10.0 99.5

2.5 48.5 12.5 106.5

It is further desired to use the following materials for different pavement layers

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i. Compacted soil with 7 percent CBRii. Poorly graded gravel with 20 percent CBRiii. Well graded gravel with 95 percent CBR

Minimum thickness of bituminous concrete surfacing may be taken as 5 cm. the traffic

survey reveled that present ADT of commercial vehicle is 1200. The annual rate of

growth of traffic is found to be 8 percent. The pavement construction is to be

completed in three years after the last traffic count.

Design the pavement section using CBR method as recommended by IRC

[13] Calculate the stresses at interior, edge and corner regions of a cement concrete usingWestergaards stress equations. Wheel load=4100 Kg, modulus of elasticity of pavement= 3

x 105 kg/ cm2, pavement thickness =15 cm, poissons ratio= 0.15, modulus of subgrade

reaction = 3 kg/cm2, radius of contact area = 15 cm.

[14] What is Equivalent Single Wheel Load (ESWL)? Explain how it is determined?[15] Explain how climatic variations affect pavement design and performance.[16] Discuss the merits and demerits of Flat footed rails and Bull headed rails .[17] What are the functions served by a railway sleeper? What are the requirements of an ideal

sleeper. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of timber sleeper.

[18] What are the functions of ballast? What are its requirements? Discuss the suitability ofvarious materials commonly used as ballast.

[19] What is meant by railway track alignment? What are the basic requirements of a goodalignment? Discuss the factors which control the alignment of a railway track.

[20] Draw a neat sketch of a simple right hand or left hand turnout and show its variouscomponent parts. Explain the working principle of turnout.

[21] Describe the factors that influence the selection of a site for a railway station. How therailway stations are classified?

[22] What are the objects of signaling? Describe the engineering principles of signaling. Discusshow signals are classified?

[23] Explain the functions of fish plates and fish bolts. What are the essential requirements of fishplates?

[24] What do you understand by a railway track and a permanent way? Discuss therequirements of an ideal permanent way.

[25] What are the various systems of controlling the movement of trains. Explain the working ofone system which has been widely used on Indian railways.

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REFERENCES TO LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1 A : 52 6 A: 135 11

A: 349-

352 16 B: 2.3&2.7 21

B: 2.13 &

18.4

2 A: 57 7 A: 73-76 12 A: 353 17 B: 2.14 22

B: 2.14,

20.2, 20.3

3 A: 61-62 8 A: 76-78 13 A: 377 18 B: 2.2 23

B: fig. 2.3,

10.1-10.3

4 A: 64-68 9 A: 88 14

A: 338-

339 19 B: 2.17 24 B: 2.13

5 A: 62-64 10

A: 106-

115 15

A: 344-

346 20 B: 2.19 25

B: 20.16-

20.22

A. Highway Engineer ing, by S.K. Khanna and C.E.G. Justo, E ighth Edit ion 2001,(Nem Chand & Bros, Roorkee (U.A.)

B. A Textbook of Rai lway Engineer ing by S.C. Saxen a and S.P. Arora, Repr int2010, (Dhanpat Rai & Sons)