7 : Mr ueykukuh : 9Mahendra Raval

kue :- Mk{k h[k yu Wrk hkk kk rr fkkuo fhk fkukkuk Mk{qnu kue fnu Au.

kue :-huf MkS SLk yuf fkukke Y fhu Au.- yk fkukk khtkh rksLkke yMkt fkukkuLkwt rLk{ko kk Au.

kue :-- Mk{ skkt ku{kt swkt swkt fkkuo {kxu ku{Lkk{kt h[Lkk{f VuhVkh kk Au.- yk{, ruLk kE rr fkukMk{qnku yMk{kt yku Au. yk fkukMk{qnkuLku kue fnu Au.

Interdependent systemswatersugars

Plant tissuesDermalskin of plantsingle layer of tightly packed cells that covers & protects plantVasculartransport materials between roots & shootsxylem & phloemGroundeverything else: storage, photosyntheticbulk of plant tissue

LkMkrk kueoLkek kueMkke kue

ykMkkkMkykLkhrMkh Mkke kuesrxk Mkke kue

{wwkfMkqkfkufoZkukfykknfskknf

{qk hkunk

oLkek kueLkk fkukkuLkk kkku

- kueLkk fkukku Mk{kLk h[Lkk kou Au.- fkukku Stk nku Au yLku kkke fkukrkk hku Au.- {kuxwt fkukfuL yLku fkukku fkukhMkke huk nku Au.

oLkek kueLkk fkukkuLkk kkku fkukkuLke [u yktkhfkuke yfk nkukku Lkke.- fkukku{kt hMkkLkeLkku yk fu Mkq{ fLke hMkkLke nku Au.- fkukku kkukfkh, ktkkkukfkh yLku knwkke nku Au.- fkukku Mkkk, fkukrksLk kk{kLkku kw{o hku Au.

oLkek kueLkk fkhku :- ykMk oLkek kue : o{kLk u{kt Mkkike xku[ kh nku Au.- yktkh oLkek kue : ku Mkke kueLke [u hnuke nku Au.- kkMk oLkek kue : LkMkrk ytkku{kt kk kksw kh kkuXk Au.

Plant cell types in tissues

{]qkfMkqkfkuf

Cross Section of a Stained Leaf

{]qkf kue

{]qkf kueLke h[Lkk :- fkukku Stk yLku ShMkke huk nku Au.- fkukrkk MkuwkkuLke kLkuke,kkke nku Au.- fkukku [u Mk yktkhfkuke yfk nku Au.- fkukkuLkk fkukhMk{kt {kuuxe hMkkLkeyku nku Au.- fkukku kkukfkh, knwkke- kktkk yLku Mk{kMke nku Au. nrhk wfk nrhkf hkkk nku, kku kuLku nrhkfkukf fnu Au. ku fkMkt&kukLkwt fko fhu Au.

{]qkf kueLkk fkkuo :- kuhkfku Mktkn - WkkLk fhkLkwt fko fhu Au.- kuLkk fkukku{kt xurLkLk, kwth hurLk, rr MVrxfku yLku yfkkorLkf kuLkwt MktknLkwt fko fhu Au.- yL kueyku [u hne kqhf kue khefu ykkh ykkkLkwt fko fhu Au.- sks LkMkrkyku{kt ku kwkf kueLkk MYku hne LkMkrkLkk sks ytkkuLku kkhfkk kku Au.

Mkqkfkuf kue

Mkqkfkuf kueLke h[Lkk :

- fkukku Skt yLku ShMkke huk nku Au.-yk kueLkk fkukku kku fu ktkkku ykfkhLkk yLku Mk{kMke nku Au. MkuwkkuLke kLkuke fkukrkk yLku fkue rMkkh{kt kfrxLkLke s{kx kk Au.- qkuykuLkk kk{kt MkqkLk w nkukke kuLku Mkqfkuf kue fnu Au.- fkukkuLke [u yktkhfkuke yfk nkukku Lkke.

Mkqkfkuf kueLkk fkkuo :

Mkqkfkuf kueLkwt {w fko ktrkf {skqkkE yLku MkrkMkkkfkk (LkBkk) kqhe kkzkLkwt Au.

scleroidal & Fibre CellsoZkukf kue

SclerenchymaThick, rigid cell walllignin (wood)mostly dead at maturitySupport cellsxylem vesselfibersrope fiberssclereidsnutshellsseed coats grittiness in pears

Ground TissueSclerenchyma1) Secondary cell wall (+ primary)2) Dead at maturity (usually)

Sclereids : yrcfkukkuIsodiametric to irregular

oZkukf kueLke h[Lkk :

- fkukku Mkktfzk, kkkk Auzk hkkk, kkfkfkh yLku kktkk nku Au. kuLku oZkukf ktkwyku fnu Au.- fkukkuLke rkk kh rkLkLkLkwt MkqkLk.- ShMk Lkk kk{kkt rLkSo fkukku kLku Au.- yktkhfkuke yfk nkukku Lkke.

oZkukf kueLke h[Lkk :

- LkMkrkLkk kkkf, fuLMk kh, kesLkk keh{kt yLku VkuLkk kku[k kh{kt fuxkkf kMk fkhLkk oZkukf fkukku ykuk nku Au kuLku yrfkukku fu fXfku fnu Au. - yrcfkukku su ku rMkkh{kt ktrkf {skqkkE kqhe kkzu Au.

oZkukf kueLkk fkkuo :

- oZkukfLkwt {w fko LkMkrkLku ktrkf {sqkkkE yLku MkkkE (oZkk) kqhe kkzkLkwt Au.

skknf kue :

ktkh (h[Lkk) :(1) skkrnLkefe (2) skkneLke (3) skknf {]wkf (4) skknf oZkukf (ktkwyku)skkneLkefeyu yuffkuke xf Au. skkneLke yufke w fkukku zu Mko Au.

Xylemdead cells water-conducting cells of xylemtracheidsvesselelements

skknf kuek fkkuo :

ku{kt kke yLku k kkhLkwt LkMkrkLkk {qke yL ytkku khV, Qork{kt nLk kk Au. - ku LkMkrk ytkkuLku ktrkf {skqkkE k kqhe kkzu Au.

ykknf kue :

- yk kueLkk fkukku ShMkke huk yLku Stk nku Au.-ktkh :- [kkLkeLkrkfkyku[kkLkefkukku yLku Mkkkefkukkuykknf {]wkf yLku ykknf oZkukf

Phloem: food-conducting cellssieve tube elements & companion cells

ykknf kue :

- yuf{kk yLLkknf oZkukf {]k xf Au. [kkLkefkukku yuffkuke nku Au. [kkLkeLkrkfk yk kueLkku ykLkku xf Au. [kkLkeLkrkfkykuLke yLkwMk (ykze) ekkrAku hkke [kkLkekrfkykuLke kLkuke nku Au.- fko : ku kuhkfLkk nLkLkwt fko fhu Au.

ykknf kue :

Longitudinal View of Phloem Cells

Parenchyma

Primary Growth

Collenchyma

Plant cell types in tissuesParenchymatypical plant cells = least specializedphotosynthetic cells, storage cellstissue of leaves, stem, fruit, storage rootsCollenchymaunevenly thickened primary walls = supportSclerenchyma very thick, woody secondary walls = supportrigid cells that cant elongatedead at functional maturity

Tracheary ElementsTracheids - ImperforateVessels - Perforate Angiosperms (most) Gnetales A few Monilophytes

Protoxylem maturation

Vascular tissueTransports materials in roots, stems & leavesXylem carry water & minerals up from roots tube-shaped dead cellsonly their walls provide a system of microscopic water pipesPhloem carry nutrients throughout plantsugars (sucrose), amino acidstube-shaped living cells

Phloem: food-conducting cellssieve tube elements & companion cells

****************