2015 (183) - GNANAMgnanam.info/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/G_183_new.21082709.pdf · Qhdk; - fiy...

Qhdk; - fiy ,yf;fpar; rQ;rpif - Mf];l; 2015 (183) 1

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thypgnud;d tdpijaUk;

tpUk;Gfpd;w moFk;

Nghypapd;wpf;$lNt epiyj;jpUf;F

fw;wtu; r%fk; NgrpLk;

fy;tpAk; cj;jpNahfKk;

fiuahJ fdjpaha; ,Uf;fpwJ

,j;jidAk; mtSf;F ,Ue;njd;d

ngw;wtu; vz;zp Vq;Fk;

kztho;T ,d;Dkpy;iy

vj;jidNgu; te;J Nghdhu;

Kd;tUthu; ahUkpy;iy

fhuzk; Nfl;lhy;

Cu; gpio vd;fpwhu;…kw;wtiu vz;zpg; ghuhNuh

Neuhd r%fj;ij Nehf;fhNuh

kWkyu;r;rpailahNuh

Neu;j;jpaha; tho vz;zhNuh Cuhu;…

Kl;fs; eLNt

- khde;jd;> my;tha;


khfr; nrhy;tjhdhy; mit ajhu;jkhd

fij mikg;Gfisf; nfhz;litahf

mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; vjpu;ghuhj

KbTfs;> ruskhd vOj;J eil> kz;

thrid vd;gtw;iwf; fhzf;$bajhf

cs;sd. mjdhNyjhd; Nguhrpupau; Jiu

kNdhfud; mtu;fs;> c.eprhupd; 'capu;typ"

rpWfijj; njhFg;Gf;F mspj;Js;s

mzpe;Jiuapy;> 'c.eprhupd; rpWfijfspy;

xU rpwg;Gg; gz;G fhzg;gLfpwJ. fijia

mofhfr; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L NghFk;

mtu; fij Kbtpy; Mr;rupakhd xU

tplaj;ij mjpy; gjpj;J itj;jpUf;fpwhu;.

mJ mtuJ rpWfijfSf;F Xu; mw;Gjr;

rf;jpia toq;FfpwJ vdyhk;. XusTf;F

X.n`d;wpapd; ghzp mtuJ rpWfijfspy;

,lk; ngWfpwJ vd;Wk; $wyhk;.

mj;NjhL fjhrpupaupd; Kw;Nghf;fhd

ghu;itAk; rKjha tpku;rdKk; mtuJ

rpWfijfSf;F ngUk; gyj;ijj;

jUfpd;wd” vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. mJ

kl;Lky;y Nguhrpau; rgh n[auhrh

mtu;fs;> c.eprhupd; “gr;ir kdpjd;” rpWfijj;njhFg;Gf;F toq;fpAs;s

mzpe;Jiuapy;> “cyf epiyapy; rpWfijj;

juk; Xq;fpa tbtkhFk;. gpd;etPdj;Jtr;

#oypy; NkYk; gupNrhjidf;F

cl;gLj;jg;gLk; tbtkhfTk; mJ

mike;J tUfpd;wJ. mj;jifa xU

gpuf;iQia cs;slf;fpajhf c. eprhupd;

“gr;ir kdpjd;” rpWfij mike;Js;sJ.

mj;Jld; mz;ikf; fhyj;ija mwptpay;

jfty;fSk; mjDs; cs;slf;fgl;Ls;sd” vdg; gjpT nra;fpd;whu;.

mtuJ ftpijfis vLj;Jf;

nfhz;lhy;> mtw;wpy; ,aw;ifapd;

tdg;gpd;ghy; mtu; nfhz;l <LghL

ed;F Gyg;gLfpwJ. mNj Neuk; kdpj

eltbf;iffshy; ,aw;iff;F Vw;gLk;

mopTfisAk; mjdhy; mtd; vjpu;

nfhs;Sk; ,d;dy;fisAk; gjpT nra;J

itj;Js;shu;. rkfhy murpaypYk; mtu;

Eioe;jpUf;fpd;whu;. nghJ tplaq;fspYk;

mtu; ftdk; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;. mjdhNy

jhd; “ftpQd; vd;gtd; moif Mjupg;

gtdhfTk; mt];ijfis typAld;

vLj;Jiug;gtdhfTk; tho;tpd; ek;

gpf;if tpijfis tpijg;gtdhfTk;

r%f mf;fiw nfhz;ltdhfTk; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. me;j tifapy; c.eprhupd;

ftpijfs; ek;gpf;if A+l;Ltdthf mik

fpd;wd”> vd Nguhrpupau; t.kNf];tud;

mtu;fs;> c.eprhupd; “xNu G+kpapy; ehDk;

ePAk;” ftpijj; njhFg;Gf;F mspj;j

mzpe;;Jiuapy; Fwpg;gpl;L itj;Js;shu;.

c.eprhu; mtu;fs; ftpij> rpWfij

vd;gtw;Wld; epw;fhJ rpWtu; ,yf;

fpaj;jpd; ghYk; mjpf <LghL nfhz;L

cioj;J tUfpwhu;. Nguhrpupau; rgh

n[auhrh mtu;fs; jdJ> “rpWtu; ,yf;fpak;” vDk; E}ypy;; “,yq;ifapy;

Mrpupa topapyhd rpWtu; Mf;f kugpy;

tpj;Jthd; f.Nte;jdhu;> Gytu; K.

ey;yjk;gp> my;;thA+u; K.nry;iyah>

gz;bju; f.tPufj;jp…….... fy;tay;

Fkhurhkp> V.,f;ghy;> Nfzpg;gpj;jd;> X.

Nf.Fzehjd;> c.eprhu; KjypNahu; jlk;

gjpj;jdu;”> vdf; Fwpg;gpLtJ ,yq;

ifapy; rpWtu; ,yf;fpaj;Jf;F c.eprhUk;

rpwe;j gq;fspg;nghd;iwr; nra;J nfhz;b

Ug;gjw;fhd Xu; mq;fPfhuk; vd;Nw Fwpg;gpl

Ntz;Lk;.

c.eprhu; mtu;fs; jw;NghJ jdJ

md;ghd kidtp kf;fSld; khtdy;iy

apy; trpj;J tUfpd;whu;. mtuJ

xU kfs; vk;.gP.gP.v]; gl;ljhup. mur

itj;jparhiynahd;wpy; lhf;luhfg;

gzpahw;Wfpwhu;. ,d;DnkhU kfs;

Mrpupiaahff; filik Gupfpd;whu;.

,isa kfs; itj;jpaj; Jiwapy; fy;tp

fw;Wf;nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhu;. kfDk; ntsp

ehl;L Ntiy tha;g;nghd;iwg; ngw;W

ey;y epiyapy; cs;shu;.

vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,yq;if ,yf;fpag;

gjpTfspy; c.eprhu; mtu;fspd; ngaUk;

gjpthFk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifNahL mtiu

tho;j;JfpNwd;.

mmm


fly; R+o;e;j ky;ypifj;jPtpy; tlNky;

gUtf;fhw;why; kio Nkfq;fs; fUf;fl;b

,bAld; gaq;fukhd kioAk; nga;jJ.

kf;fSf;F kiof;fhyk; vg;nghOJk;

Mde;jkhdJ. gj;Jkhjk; vupf;Fk; Nfhil>

,uz;L khjq;fs; tpuhlNjrj;jpy; xspe;j

ghz;ltu;fshf jiykiwthFk;.

tw;wpa Fsq;fs;> epyk; njupAk;

fpzWfs;> GOjp rpe;Jk; epyq;fs; vy;yhk;

neLehshfj; jhfj;Jld; ghiytdj;ijf;

fle;Jte;j topg;Nghf;fidg;Nghy; ePu;

Ntz;bf; fhj;jpUe;jd.

tq;fhs tpupFlhtpy; fhw;wKf;fk;

vd;W thndhypapy; Nfl;lNghJ mrl;

ilahf ,Ue;Jtpl;lhu;fs;. kio> NtW

,lq;fSf;Ff; fhw;why; vLj;Jr; nry;yg;

gLtijg; gytUlq;fshf mwpe;jtu;fs;

mtu;fs;. Vw;fdNt fle;j ,UtUlq;fs;

jpUkztPl;L gd;dPuhf khupfhyk; Ciuf;

fle;J nrd;W tpl;lJ.

mjpfhiyapy; Nkw;F thdpy;

njhiyJ}uj;jpy; fUNkfk; Njhd;wp fly;

ePiuf; Foha;Nghl;L ,Oj;jNghJ> ,J

kiof;fhd mwpFwp vd epidj;jhYk;

vJTk; nra;a Neukpy;iy. kio ngha;j;jhy;

$iufis Nka;tjw;F jtwpatu;fs;

gpbj;j kPd;fis cg;GNghl;L kjpak;

fhaitf;fyhk; vd;wpUe;j kPdtu;fs;

Rjhupj;jhYk; vJTk; nra;aKbatpy;iy.

kjpaj;jpy; te;j kio tplhky;

nga;jJ.

Cupy; vy;NyhUf;Fk; Mde;jk; ngU

fpaJ. fle;j ,uz;L tUlq;fs; ey;y

kioapy;yhky; gapu;fs; itf;fhjtu;fspy;

rpy mtruf;fhuu;fs;> ,e;j tUlk; gapupl

KbAk; vd;w re;Njhrj;jpy; juprhd Njhl;lq;

fspYk; kw;Wk; tPl;Lf;Fg; gpd;Gwj;jpYk;

eide;jgb khiyapy; kz;ntl;bahy;

epyj;ijf; nfhj;jj; njhlq;fpdu;. nga;j

kioia mtu;fs; nghUl;gLj;jtpy;iy.

,uz;lhtJ ehs; Mf;Nuhrkhf

thdk; jpwe;J ,bj;jgb kpd;dYld;

kio nghope;jJ. ,uz;L ehs; kioapy;

gyuJ fpzWfs; epug;gp ,Ue;j ,lk;

njupatpy;iy. Cu;f; Fsq;fs; epuk;gpaJk;

tPl;by; ,Ue;jgb ntspNa ghu;j;jgb

,Ue;jdu;. mj;Jld; ntspA+upy; ,Ue;J

Nghf;Ftuj;jpy; <LgLk; Nkhl;lhu;g;;

glFfs; epWj;jg;gl;ld.

tq;fhstpupFlhtpy; fhw;wOj;jk;

ikak; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; NkYk; %d;W

ehl;fSf;F kio vdj; jpUr;rp thndhyp

mwptpj;jJ. kPdtu;fs; thOk; Cuhdjhy;

mjpfkhdtu;fspd; Kfq;fspy; ftiy

Njq;fpajhy; Kfq;fs; Cu;f;; Fsq;fSld;

Nghl;bapl;ld.

%d;whtJ ehs; jiunay;yhk; nts;sk;

te;J tPl;Lg;gbfis Kj;jkpl;lJ. VNjh

gpusa fhyk; vd Mz;fs; ngz;fs;

Ngrpdhu;fs;. VjhtJ Kf;fpa tplak;

vd;why; kl;Lk; Koq;fhYf;F Nky; epd;w

nts;sj;jpy; FilAld; cilfisj; J}f;

fpg;gpbj;jgb ,wq;fpdu;.

- e

Nlr

d;


ehd;fhtJ ehs; flYk; epyKk;

xd;whfpaJ Nghy ,Uz;l ePyepwkhd

Njhw;wk;. ,uz;L mbapy; ,Ue;J ehY

mbf;F Cnuq;Fk; fiuGuz;lJ kio

nts;sk;. flypd; ePUk; jho;thd gy

,lq;fspy; kionts;sj;Jld; fye;jJ.

caukhd ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;j Rz;zhk;G

my;yJ rPnke;jhy; mike;j tPLfs; xU rpy

jg;gpd. kz;zhy; mike;j $iutPLfspd;

mbg;gFjpapy; kz; fiue;jNghJ $iufs;

Fl;bNghlf; Fe;jpa nts;shLfs;Nghy;

epyj;jpy; mku;e;jd.

flw;fiuNahuj;Jf; fpzWfspy;

fly;kPd;fs; cg;gpy;yhj jz;zPiu Urp

ghu;f;f te;Jtpl;ld. fly;ePu; rypj;Jg;Nghd

ez;Lfs; mtw;iwg; gpd;njhlu;e;jd.

mjp~;lkhd tPLfspy; xd;W

vq;fs; tPL. tPboe;j gyu; mfjpfshf

vq;fs; tPl;bw;F te;J thrypy; cs;s

nfhl;lifapy; jq;fptpl;ldu;. tPl;bd;

,uz;L miwfs; kl;LNk vq;fSf;F

,Ue;jd. ,ijtpl ehYfhy; gpuhzpfshd

khLfs;> MLfs;> eha;fs; vy;yhk; vq;fs;

tPl;Lj; jho;thuj;jpy; tupirahf xJq;fpd.

jtis> Xzhd;> ghk;G vd;gdTk; jz;zPu;

mw;w jiuiaj; Njbd.

rpy tPLfs; js;spapUe;j khkpapd;

FLk;gk; jq;fs; tPl;Lf;Fs;Sk; nts;sk;

GFe;jjhfr; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L vq;fs;

tPl;bw;F te;jNghJ vd;Dld; gbj;j

khkpapd; kfs; yypjh te;J rpy kzp

Neuj;jpy; vq;fsJ tPl;bd; Xh; miwapy;

js;sp %lg;gl;lhs;.

Vw;fdNt mtspy; fhjy; nfhz;b

Ue;Njd;. mts; vq;fs; tPl;Lf;F te;J

tpl;lhs; vd;gjhy; njhlu;e;J kio nga;ag;

gpuhu;j;jpj;Njd;. vd; gpuhu;j;jidf;F mjpf

khfg; gyd; fpilj;jJ.

vq;nfy;yhNkh nga;aNtz;ba kio

vq;f@upy; nga;jJ. yypjh xNu tFg;gpy;

gbj;J rpWtajpNy ,Ue;J gofp te;jhYk;

mtsplk; vdf;Fr; rpNefk; ,y;iy.

Mk;gpis ehd;> mts; nghk;gpis vd;w

,sf;fhuk; mjpfkhd fhyk; vg;nghOJk;

mtSf;Fg; Nghl;bahf ,Ue;Njd;. tFg;gpy;

vg;nghOJk; vdf;F mLj;j uhq;fpy;

tUgts;. fle;j tUlk; guPl;irapd;NghJ

Gj;jfj;ij tpupj;Jg; ghu;j;j fhuzj;jpw;fhf

vdf;F me;jg; ghlj;jpy; Kg;gJ Gs;spfs;;

Fiwf;fg;Nghtjhfr; nrhy;ypapUe;j vdJ

G+Nfhs Mrpupauhy; ehw;gJ Gs;spfs;

Fiwf;fg;gl;L ehd; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpw;Fj;

js;sg;gl;Nld;.

tpisahl;lhf mJtiu fhyKk;

,Ue;j Nghl;b mjd; gpd;Gjhd; mtspy;

vupr;ryhfpaJ.

me;j vupr;ry; mjpfk; ePbf;ftpy;iy.

mtis kd;dpj;Jtpl;Nld;.

fle;j khjk; ele;j ghlrhiy

epfo;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J tPLtu ,uthfp

tpl;lJ. Ntfkhf ele;j vd;idf; $g;

gpl;Lf;nfhz;L njhlu;e;J Xbte;jhs;.

mtSf;fhf epw;fhky; te;j vd;id rpy

epkpl Neuj;jpy; Xbte;J gpbj;jhs;.

gz;ghL fhf;Fk; jkpod;

gz;Gjid nrhy;y epidj;jhy;

ngz;ghL epiyNa ngUk;

Ntjidapd; tpspk;gpdpNy

Itupd gj;jpdpahk; jpnusgjp

mf;fpukf; fhuu;fs; kj;jpapNy

Mil cupf;fg;gLjy; mk;kk;kh

fz;zdpd; fhJfspy; Nfl;f

mtNdh jd; mUshl;rpapdhy;

jpnusgjpapd; khdk; fhj;jhd;

md;nwhUehs; Fsj;jpdpNy

fz;zdpd; khdk; fhj;j jpnusgjpf;F

,d;Nwh fz;zdpd; MilaPa;e;J

jpnusgjpf;F fw;igf;fhj;jJ cz;ik

tPjpapy; ,d;Nwh jkpopr;rp

jd;Jauk; nrhy;yp fjWk; Nfhyk;

jiytpupNfhykhf fhl;rpjUtJ

fz;Zs;NshNu Vw;gPu;fsh?

fy

hG+\

zk; r

P. vd

;. J

iuu

h[h

jiytpup

Nfhyk;


“Vd;lh vd;id tpl;L tpl;L te;jha;…?

mJTk; $g;gplg; $g;gpl jpUk;gpg; ghu;f;

fhky;?”gjpy; NgrhJ mtisg; ghu;j;Njd;.

mtsJ neQ;R G+kpf;Fk; thdj;jpw;Fk;

Vwpapwq;fpaJ.

“cd;idj; Juj;jpagb te;jjhy; vdJ

,jak; vdJ neQ;Rf;$l;Lf;F ntspahy;

te;Jtpl;lJ.”rpupj;Njd;.

“eP ek;gtpy;iy ghu;” vdf; $wpagb

ifia vLj;J mtsJ ,lJ neQ;rpy;

itj;jhs;.

VNjh fl;bahf ,Ue;J. ifia

,Oj;Jtpl;Nld;.

,t;tsT ehl;fs; mtspy; ,Ue;j

vupr;ry; kiwe;Jtpl;lJ. mtis – mtsJ

tPl;by; tpl;Ltpl;L ehd; tPl;bw;F te;Njd;.

mjd;gpd; epidtpYk; fdtpYk;

yypjh.

yypjhTf;F vdJ jpBu; khw;wk; Gupe;jJ.

MdhYk; vjw;fhf vd;W mtSf;Fj;

njupahJ. tof;fkhf khq;fha; fbg;gJ

ngd;rpiyj; jUtJ vdf; fhyk; fle;jJ.

mtspy; mbf;fb ,bg;gJk; cuha;tJk;

mjpfkhfpaJ.

Vw;fdNt gjpndl;L tajpy;

vdJ cwthd mz;zu; Cupy; ,sk;

ngz;nzhUj;jpkPJ fhjy; nfhz;bUg;gJ

gyUf;Fk; vupr;ry;. ,e;epiyapy; ehd; vg;gb

12 tajpy; vd;fhjiy ntspg;gLj;jyhk;

vd vz;zpf;nfhz;bUe;j fhyj;jpy;jhd;

khu;fop tpLKiw te;jJ. tpLKiwehspy;

xt;nthU ehSk; yypjhtpd; tPl;Lf;Fr;

nrd;whYk; ghlrhiy ehl;fs;Nghy;

njhl;Lg; NgrKbahJ. ,uz;L fpoik

fspy; efuj;jpy; Ngha; gbg;gjw;F ngupa

ghlrhiyapy; vdf;F ,lk; fpilj;jpUe;jJ.

yypjhitg; gpupe;J nry;tJ

ftiyiaf; nfhLj;jJ. me;j tpLKiw

fhyj;jpy;jhd; ,e;jg; ngUkio te;jJ.

gyuJ tPLfs; mope;jd. Mdhy; vdJ

yypjh vq;fs; tPL te;jhs;.

mts; kl;Lk; me;j miwapy;

,Ue;jhs;. gfypy; mtSf;F tpNrl czT

nfhLg;gJk; ftdpg;gJkhf ,Ue;jJ.

%d;W ehl;fshf mtis ntspNatu

mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. xU fpoikahfg;

nga;j kio Fiwe;J rpW J}wYld;

ePbj;jJ. Mdhy; nts;sk; Kw;whf tba

tpy;iy.

kPz;Lk; thndhypapy; fhw;NwhL

fdj;jkio nga;a tpUg;gjhf mwptpj;jy;

te;jJ. xJq;f te;jtu;fspy; gyu; Vw;fdNt

jq;fs; tPLfSf;Fr; nrd;Wtpl;lhu;fs;.

md;W thndhypapy; mwptpj;jthW

kio nga;ahky; fhw;W gaq;fu

rj;jj;Jld; tPrpaJ. J}uj;jpy; fly;

miyfs; Mu;g;gupj;jJ. RtNuhL xl;bg;

gLj;jpUe;jNghJ nkJthf xypj;j

fbfhuXir Nfl;L tpopj;Njd;. miwf;Fs;

,Us;. vJTk;njupatpy;iy. $u;e;J

ftdpj;jNghJ Rtupy; jl;Lk; re;jk;

Nfl;lJ. yypjhtpd; Ntiy vd epidj;J

me;jr; rj;jj;jpw;F vjpuhf vdJ gf;fr;

Rtupy; jl;bNdd;.

kPz;Lk; rj;jk; rpwpJ mjpfkhf

te;jNghJ tPl;bd; gpd;gFjpapy; cs;s

khl;Lj; njhOtj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wNghJ>

fhy;fs; nts;sj;jpy; Gija tPl;L khL

fs; epd;wd. mtw;iwf; fle;J nrd;W

vd;dntd;W ad;dyUNf ghu;j;jNghJ

itf;Nfhy; Nghupy; gLj;jpUe;j milf;

Nfhop kpuz;lJ.

mjd; rj;jj;ijf; Nfl;L yypjh vOe;J

te;jts; “miwf;Fs; cOe;J kzk;

kzf;fpwJ. ghk;G te;Jtpl;lNjh vdg;

gakhf ,Uf;fpwJ” vd;whs;.

“cs;Ns tuth?”“cd;id cs;Ns tpl;lhy; mk;kh

NgRth”“ghk;ig ghu;j;J fiyj;Jtpl;L

Nghwd;”mts; fjitj; jpwe;jJk; cs;Ns

mupf;fd; tpsf;fpd; kq;fpa xsp. mjd;

jpupiar; rw;W cau;j;jp ntspr;rj;ijf;

$l;bdhs;.

vdf;Fg; ghk;igg; gw;wpa epidT

kdjpy; kiwe;jJ. me;j ntspr;rj;jpy;

yypjhtpd; Kfk; ,UgJ taJg;

ngz;Kfk;Nghy; n[hypj;jJ.

mts; tpsf;ifj; jiuapy; itj;Jtpl;L

vOe;jNghJ mtsJ fOj;J cauj;jpy;

ehd; epd;Nwd; mtsJ khu;gfq;fs;


nrt;tpsdpahf ,Ue;jd. ,e;j %d;W

ehspy; vg;gb ,t;tsT khw;wq;fs;

ele;jd?.

jiy epiwag; gl;lhk; G+r;rpfs;

gwe;jd. kaf;fk; tUtJNghy; ,Ue;jJ.

thu;ijfs; rpf;fpajhy; tha; Ngrhky;

epd;wNghJ

“Nla; cdf;F cOe;J kzf;Fjh?” vd;whs;.

“ey;—nyz;—iz thrk;—jhd;

tUfpwJ-J –J”“,e;j ,e;j iyl;il itj;J

Njbg;ghu;”> vdj; je;jNghJ> Rjhupj;jgb

me;j miwnaq;Fk; ry;yilahf;fpNdd;.

$iu> ad;dy;> kw;Wk; %iyapy; ,Ue;j

ngl;bfs; vdj; Njbagpd; filrpahf

mts; gLj;jpUe;j ghia vLj;J cjwpa

NghJ Xiyg;ghapd; jiyg;gFjpr; RUspy;

,Ue;J nespe;jgb ntspte;j nts;is

epwkhd ehfg;ghk;G jpwe;jpUe;j ad;dy;

topNa nrd;wJ.

yypjh mg;gbNa vd;idf;

fl;bg;gpbj;jhs;.

yypjhTk; ehDk; me;jg; ghk;igg;

gpd;gw;wp ,U ghk;Gfshf me;j

ad;dy;topahf njhOtj;ijaile;Njhk;.

khLfs; jiyia epkpu;j;jpg; ghu;j;jd.

njhOtj;jpd; njd;Ndhiyf;$iuapy; Vwpr;

nrd;wNghJ fhw;W rj;jkhf tPrpajhy;

tPl;bd; gpd;Gwj;jpy; epd;w Ntg;gkuj;jpd;

fpisfs; ryryj;jd. njd;idkuq;fs;

Nghahl;lkhbd. ehq;fs; ,UtUk;; $iu

apy ,Ue;J ,wq;fpaJk; tPl;Lf;F ntspNa

,Ue;j nts;sk; ,UtUf;Fk; toptpl;L

tpyfp jiuahfpaJ. vkf;F Kd;dhy;

nrd;w ehfg;ghk;G kiwe;Jtpl;lJ.

“Ntg;gkuj;jpy; VWNthkh?” vd;whs;

typjh.

ruru vd Ntg;gkuj;jpNywp cr;rhzpf;

fpisf;F nrd;W mq;F ,UtUk; gpize;J>

jPbnud te;j fhw;why;> ,UtUk; epyj;jpy;

tpOe;jNghJ jz;zPupy; nts;sk; gutpa

,lj;jpy; nkj;njd;W ,Ue;jJ. vq;fisf;

ifj;jhq;fyhf Ve;jpa kio nts;sk;

kiwe;Jtpl;lJ. gpd;G me;j ,lj;jpy;

jz;zPupy;iy. vq;fs; tapw;wpd;fPo;

Ntg;gkpiyfs; ruruj;jd. Ntg;gkuj;jpy;

kPz;Lk; VwptpisahLk;NghJ mq;fpUe;j

gwitfs; glglj;jd. mitfspd;

trpg;gplj;jpy; ehq;fs; mj;JkPwpajhf

epidj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;.

“ghlrhiy nry;Nthkh?” vd;whs;.

mtsJ Miriaj; jl;lhJ mq;F

nrd;wNghJ> Vw;fdNt kiof;fhfg; gy

FLk;gq;fs; mq;F xJq;fpapUe;jdu;. gyu;

Fwl;il tpl;Lj;J}q;fpaijg; ghu;j;Jr;

rj;jkhfr; rpupf;f Kad;wtis vdJ

ehf;if mtsJ thapy;itj;Jj; jLj;Njd;.

“Nla; nul;ilehf;flh cdf;F”“ehf;F kl;Lkh?”Kdfpagb ghlrhiyj; jho;thuj;jpy;

vd;idg; gpize;jhs;. ,UtUk;

gpize;jgb ehY mb caukhd Rtiu

vl;bg;ghu;j;jNghJ jiyikahrpupauJ

miw jtpu;e;j rfy ,lj;jpYk; kdpju;fs;

RUz;lgb vq;fisg;Nghy; gpize;jgbAk;

gLj;jpUe;jdu;.

“yypjh gLf;Fk;NghJ kdpju;fSf;Fk;

ghk;GfSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrkpy;iy.

,UtUk; jiyikMrpupauJ miwf;

Fr; nrd;W mtuJ fjpiuapy; RUz;lgb

“,g;g vd;dpy; vd;d kzk;?” vd;whs;.

mtsJ $e;jiy Kfu;e;Njd;.

“,g;nghOJ cd;dpy; ey;nyz;nza;

E}y; : tpil Njb( ftpijfs;)Mrpupau;: jk;gpYtpy; n[fhtpiy: &gh 240/-

jk;gpYtpy; n[fhtpd; 76 ftpijfs;

mlq;fpa ,j;njhFg;gpy; cs;s

ftpijfspy; ngUk;ghyhdit kuGf;

ftpijfs;. rpWtu; eyk;> jhad;G>

jkpopd; kfpik> Mz;; mlf;F

Kiwf;F vjpu;g;Gf;Fuy;> ,d uPjpahd

Jd;GWj;jy;fs;> flik czu;T>

rpWikfz;L nghq;Fjy;> r%f khw;wk;>

fhzhky; NghNdhu;

gw;wpa gpur;rpid Nghd;w tplaq;fs;

ghLnghUshfTs;sd.

rpwe;j ftpijfisj;

je;j Mrpupia

ghuhl;Lf ;Fupatu;.

tho;j;Jf;fs;.


kzk; – vd;dpy;…?”“cOe;J kzk; cd;dpy;jhd;lh”mk;kh jl;b vOg;gpaNghJ “vd;dk;kh

mofhd fditf; fiyj;Jtpl;lha;?”“vq;flh ,utpy; fhztpy;iy?”“yypjhtpd; miwf;Fs; ghk;G

nrd;wjhf mioj;jhs;. ngupa ehfg;ghk;G”mk;khtpd; Kfj;jpy; ek;gpf;ifapy;iy.

“ePAk; cq;fz;zd; khjpup te;jpLtha;

NghypUf;F. mLj;j fpoik aho;g;ghzk;

gbg;gjw;F Nghfpwha; vd;gJ epid

tpUf;fpwjh?”“,d;Dk; ,uz;L fpoikapUf;F ghl

rhiy njhlq;f.”“,y;iy aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ngupag;gh

tPl;by; Ngha; ,Ue;J ,lj;ijg;ghu;”“rup” vdj;jiyahl;btpl;L kPz;Lk;

gLj;jNghJ VNjh rj;jk; Nfl;lJ.

thupr; RUl;bf;nfhz;L XbaNghJ

vq;fs; tPl;bd; Kd;ghf cs;s tstpy;

ghoile;J J}u;e;j fpzw;wUNf rpyu;

$bepd;whu;fs;. mq;Nf ehd; Xl vd;

gpd;dhy; mk;khTk; Xbte;jhu;.

kio tUtjw;Fr; rpyehl;fs; Kd;ghf

mq;F ehnahd;W Vw;fdNt fpzw;Wf;

fUfpy; cs;s ryitj; njhl;bapy;

,uz;L eha;Fl;bfs; Nghl;bUe;jJ.

mjpy; eha;f;Fl;b xd;W ehfg;ghk;gpd;

thapy; ,Ue;jJ. gpd;dq;fhy;fs; kl;Lk;

ntspj;njupe;jd. ,uz;lhtJ eha;f;

Fl;biaf; fhztpy;iy.

gf;fj;JtPl;L ngupag;gh me;jg;

ghk;ig mbj;jhu;. ngupa ghk;gpd; clypy;

gl;lNghJ rtupy; gl;l ge;JNghy; jpUk;gp

te;jJ. ve;jf;fhaKk; Vw;gltpy;iy.

“jiyapy; mbAq;fs;” vdf; $l;lj;jpy;

ahNuh nrhd;dhu;fs;.

“,e;jg;ghk;Gjhd; ,uT yypjhtpd;

miwf;F te;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. mq;Fk;

,uj;jf;fiw cs;sJ. kw;wf; Fl;bia

Vw;fdNt jpd;wpUf;Fk; vd;whu; yypjhtpd;

mk;kh.

vdf;Fg; gaj;jpy; eLf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.

,d;W kjpak; Nkhl;lhu; ts;sk;

XLnkdf; $wpdhu;fs;. cdJ cLg;Gfis

vLj;Jj; jahuhf it ngupag;ghTk; ePAk;

,d;W aho;g;ghzk; NghfpwPu;fs; vd;whu;

mk;kh.

“,g;gjhd; mLj;jfpoik vd;whNa?”“mg;gjhd; eP ruptUtha;" vd;W

ifapy; gpbj;J ,Oj;jhs; mk;kh.

“mtdhy;jhd; vd;kfs; me;j capu;

nfhy;ypg; ghk;gplkpUe;J capu; gpioj;jhs;” vdr; nrhy;ypagb fl;baizj;jhu; yyp

jhtpd; mk;kh.

khkpapYk; ey;nyz;iz kzj;jJ.

,uT njhlu;r;rpahfg; nga;j kioapd;

rhuy; ad;dypy; mbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

me;jr; rj;jk; njhlu; thj;jpak;Nghy;

fhjpy; ,iue;jgb ,Ue;jJ. vq;fs;

ky;ypifj;jPtpy; kl;Lkh ,y;iy

,e;j kio vq;Fk; nga;fpwjh vd;w

Nfs;tpAld; vOe;J mUfpy; ,Ue;j

thndhypia KLf;fpaNghJ “tpNrl nra;jpfs;; fhw;wOj;jk; ePq;fptpl;lJ. kPd

tu;fs; flYf;Fr; nry;yKbAk;” vd;W

nrhy;yg;gl;lJ.

mmm

E}y; : N[u;kdpaf; fug;ghd; G+r;rpfs;Mrpupau;: tp.[PtFkhud;ntspaPL: Qhdk; gjpg;gfk;tpiy: &gh 400/- tp. [PtFkhud; Gyk;ngau; Kd;tupirg;

gilg;ghspfspy; xUtuhfj; jpfo;gtu;.

,r;rpWfijj; njhFjpapy; 15 rpWfijfs;

mlq;fpAs;sd. ,tw;Ws; 6 fijfs;

‘jftk;’ gupR ngw;wit. cyfj; jukhd

rpy rpWfijfSk; ,j;njhFjpapy;

mlq;fpAs;sd. ,r;rpWfijj; njhFjpf;F

rpq;fg;G+u; %j;j vOj;jhsu; jpU. ,uhk

fz;zgpuhd; xU tpupthd Kd;Diuia

vOjpAs;shu;. Xtpau; up. nrse;jupd;

mofhd Xtpaq;fs; fijfSf;F

nkU$l;Lfpd;wd. <oj;jpy; ,Jtiu

ntspte;j rpwe;j rpWfijj;njhFjpfspy;

Kd;tupirapy; itj;Jf;

fzpg;gplf;$ba jFjp

,r;rpWfijj; njhFjpf;F

cz;L. Mrpupau;

ghuhl;Lf;Fupatu;.


jpUf;Fwspd; rhuj;ijj;

jhyhl;lhfg; ghbath; :t. Qh. fNzr gz;bjh;

fLifj; Jisj;J Vo; fliyg; Gfl;bf; FWfj; jwpj;j Fws;

vd;W ,ilf;fhlh; jpUf;Fwspd; nrwpitf; $wpaJk;. gpd;dh; xsitahh;

mZitj; Jisj;J Vo; fliyg; Gfl;bf; FWfj; jwpj;j Fws;

vd;W \fLF| vDk; Kjw; nrhy;iy \mZ| vd;W khw;wpj; jpUf;Fwspd;

nrwptpd; jd;ikiar; rpwg;gpj;Jf; $wpaikAk; ehk; mwpe;jNj.

,q;F Vo; fly;fs; Fwpj;J epw;gJ : cth;ePh;f; fly;> ed;dPh;f; fly;> ghw; fly;>

japh;f; fly;> nea;f; fly;> fUg;gQ;rhWf; fly;> Njd; fly; vd;gdtw;iwahFk; (Mjhuk;

: rJufuhjpapy; njhifafuhjp - tPukhKdpth;). Mf> Vo;fly; vd;gJ jpUf;Fws;

vLj;jhSk; tplag;gug;igAk;> tphpitAk;> Moj;ijAk; Fwpj;Jepw;fpd;wJ.

,j;jifa jpUf;Fwspd; rhuj;ijr; RUf;fpj; jUtjw;fhd gy Kaw;rpfs; eil

ngw;Ws;sij ehk; fhzyhk;. ,tw;Ws; rptQhdNghj khghbak; je;j rptQhd khjt

Kdptu;> mjpfhuj;jpw;F xU ntz;ghthf 133 jpUf;Fwis cs;sPLnfhz;l NrhNkru; KJnkhop

ntz;gh vd;w ePjp E}iyj; je;Js;shh;.

01 - flTs; tho;j;J

rPu;nfhspiw xd;Wz;lj; nja;teP vd;nwhg;ghw;

Nrhutpyil ahw;nwspe; NjhQ; NrhNkrh - Xupy;

mfu Kjy vOj;njy;yh khjp

gftd; Kjw;Nw cyF (NrhNkru; KJnkhop ntz;gh> ghly; 1)

aho;g;ghzk; ty;itiar; Nrh;e;j NrhjplUk; itj;jpaUkhfpa t.Qh. fNzrgz;bjh;

xUgb NkNy nry;fpd;whh;. jpUf;FwshdJ rpW Foe;ijfSf;Fk; ghpr;rakhfNtz;Lk;>

mf;Foe;ijfspd; jhahh;fSk; mwpe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;> vd;w cah;e;j vz;zj;jpy;

jpUf;Fwspd; rhuj;ijj; jhyhl;lhfg; ghb jpUf;Fws; mjpfhur; rhukhfpa ed;ndwpj; jhyhl;L (1919)

vd;w E}yhf;fpdhh;. jpUf;Fwisj; jhyhl;lhfg; ghb md;whl epfo;tpd; xU gFjpahf;fpdhh;.

\flTs; tho;j;J|> \gadpy nrhy;yhik| vDk; mjpfhuq;fspd; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;thpfs;

fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. (,e;E}ypd; ,yj;jpudpay;tbt gpujpiaf;

fl;Liu MrphpaUf;F jj;Jjtpah; : tpUgh. J.FkNurd; mth;fs;)

01 - flTs; tho;j;J

mfuk; vOj;jpw;nfy;yhk; Mjpaha; epw;gJNghy;

rfj;jpw;fhk; Mjpaha; rj;jprptk; fz;kzpNa

fz;zh vd; fz;kzpaha; fz;kzpapDs; xspahk;

tpz;zha; kjpaha; tpsq;Fguk; fz;kzpNa

20 - gadpy nrhy;yhik

gaDs;s nrhw;fisNa ghh;j;J eP nrhy;tjy;yhy;

gadpy;yhr; nrhw;fs; gfuhNj fz;kzpNa

8 8 8

ed

;nd

wpj

; jhy

hl;L


etPd jkpo; mfuhjpapaYf;F %ykhdhh; : F.it.fjpiuNtw;gps;is

“When such was the order of the day, a scholarly attempt was being made again in Jaffna, to compile a dictionary from various sources studied expressly for the purpose. The late Mr. C.W. Katiraivel Pillai was the compiler of this Dictionary.”

- Tamil Lexicon Vol - 1, Preface, 1982 reprint, Page xii jkpo; mfuhjp Kaw;rpfspy; kPz;LnkhU ghz;bj;jpa Kaw;rp aho;g;ghzj;jpy; F.it.

fjpiuNtw;gps;isahy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ> vd;W tuyhW gjpTnra;Js;sJ.

fjpiuNtw;gps;is mth;fs; f. FkhuRthkp Kjypahu; kw;Wk; rptfhkp jk;gjpapdUf;F

1829 Mk; Mz;by; ty;ntl;bj;Jiwapy; gpwe;jhu;.

jkpo; mfuhjp Kaw;rpfspy; gytplq;fspy; topfhl;bahf ,Ue;j <oj;jtu;fSs;

F.it.fjpiuNtw;gps;isapd; gq;F msg;gupaJ. ,th;> jhd; njhFj;j mfuhjpap

D}lhfg; gy Gjpa mfuhjpapay; $Wfisj; jkpOf;F mwpKfk; nra;Js;shh;.

• xU nrhy;yhdJ gy nghUs; tpsf;fk; jUk;NghJ> jUk; nghUs;fis 1> 2 vd

Fwpapl;Lf; fhl;baJ jkpOf;F GJ Kaw;rp.

• nrhy;ypd; nghUSf;F ,yf;fpa> E}y;fspypUe;J Nkw;Nfhs;

vLj;Jj;je;j Kjy; jkpo;-jkpo; mfuhjp ,JNt. (Vwj;jho 376

E}y;fspypUe;J Nkw;Nfhs;fs; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfj; njhpa

tUfpwJ. - jfty; www.valvai.com)• nrhy;ypd; nghUSf;F mbg;gil Mjhukhd E}w;rhd;Wfis

cjhuzk; vd vLj;Jf; fhl;baJ jkpOf;F GJKaw;rp

• nrhy;yhdJ rk;];fpUj mbapypUe;J Njhd;wpapUe;jhy; mr;

nrhw;fSf;F fpue;j thptbtj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpapUg;gJ

jkpOf;F GJKaw;rp

(- Tamil Lexicon Vol - 1, Preface, 1982 reprint, Page xiii) ,t;tfuhjp Kaw;rp \j|fu tupirapypUf;Fk; NghNj ,tu; ,we;Jtpl;lhu;. ,t;tfuhjp

ahdJ ,th; kfd; f. ghyrpq;fk;> kw;Wk; v];. Mh;. Rg;gpukzpa ftpuhah; (,e;jpah) cl;gl

rpy mwpQh;fshy; KOikahf;fg;gl;L> gFjpfshf 1910> 1912> 1923fspy; gjpf;fg;gl;L

ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ehd;fhk; jkpo;r; rq;fk; mikj;j mikg;ghsu;fspy; xUtUk;> ehd;fhk;

jkpo;r; rq;fj;jpd; Kjy; jiytuhfg; gzpahw;wpa ghz;bj;Jiuj; Njtu; mth;fs;

fjpiuNtw;gps;is mth;fspd; mfuhjpia ntspapLk; Kaw;rpia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.

,t;tfuhjpahdJ jkpo;r; nrhy;yfuhjp my;yJ jkpo;r; rq;f

mfuhjp vd toq;fg;ngWfpwJ.

,th; 1863 ,y; Njrhgpkhdp thug; gj;jpupif elj;jp

dhh; vd;Wk;> 1962 ,y; ju;f;f #lhkzp vd;w E}iy

ntspapl;lhh; vd;Wk; gjpTfs; cs;sd.

jdJ Mrpupauhf ,Ue;j itkd; vd;gtupd;

ngaiuj; jdJ Kjy; ngauhfr; Nru;j;Jf;nfhz;ljhy;

F. itkd; fjpiuNtw;gps;is vd miof;fg;gl;lhu;.

,th; 1885 Mk; Mz;by; ey;Y}upy; tPL thq;fpf;

FbNawpdhh;. jpdKk; ,tiu gyh; ehb tUthu;fs;.

,th; ,Ue;j tPjp ,d;Wk; 'itkd; Nwhl;" vd;W

epd;WepyTfpd;wJ. (jfty; www.valvai.com).

8 8 8

F.i

t.f

jpi

uN

tw

;gps

;is

mf

uhj

p - K

jy

hk

; ghf

k; (w

ww

.val

vai.c

om)


gy;yt fhyj; jkpopd; nkhopapay; $Wfis Muha;e;jth; : Nguhrphpah; f. fzgjpg;gps;is

“The Dravidian Linguistics Association at its 25th year celebration (1997) honoured two scholars as the pioneers in Dravidian Languages. One of whom was Professor Kandasamypillai Kanapathipillai and the contribution that enabled this recognition was his doctoral dissertation “A Study of the language of the Tamil Inscriptions of the 7th and 8th centuries A.D” submitted to the London School of Oriental and African Studies in 1935.”

Nguhrphpah;. fh. rptj;jk;gp, (Preface, Page V, “A Study of the language of the Tamil Inscriptions of the 7th and 8th centuries A.D”, 2004, Kumaran Book House publications.)

Nguhrphpah; f. fzgjpg;gps;is mth;fs;> 1935Mk; Mz;L jd;Dila Nkw; gl;lg;

gbg;gpw;F ,yz;ldpYs;s fyhrhiyapy; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gl;l Ma;Tf; fl;Liuiaf; fUjp>

mth;fisj; jpuhtpl nkhopapay; Ma;thsh;fspy; Ke;ijah;fspy; xUtuhf (Pioneers in Dravidian Languages) mq;fPfhpj;Js;shh;fs;. ,e;jpahtpYs;s The Dravidian Linguistics Association mikg;ghdJ jdJ 25Mk; Mz;L epiwtpy; (1997) ,e;j mq;fPfhuj;ij

toq;fpAs;sjhf Nguhrphpah; fh. rptj;jk;gp mth;fs; gjpT nra;fpd;whh;.

Nguhrphpah; fe;jrhkpgps;is fzgjpg;gps;is mth;fs; 1935Mk;

Mz;L rkh;g;gpj;j Ma;Tf;fl;LiuahdJ 69Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd;dh;

2004Mk; Mz;L E}y;tbtk; ngw;wJ. ,t;tha;thdJ 7Mk; 8Mk;

E}w;whz;Lfspy; nghwpf;fg;ngw;w jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lr; rhrdq;fspYs;s

jkpopd; nkhopapay; $Wfis Ma;T nra;fpwJ.

,e;j Ma;Tf;fl;Liuapd; rpwg;G vd;d? ,f;Nfs;tpf;Fk;

Nguhrphpah; fh. rptj;jk;gp mth;fNs tpilaspf;fpd;whh;.

“First and foremost this was the first ever study “undertaken with a view of finding the actual use of the (Tamil) Language at a definite period of history” (Nguhrphpah;. fh. rptj;jk;gp, Nkw;fz;l E}y;)

1935Mk; Mz;Lf;F Kd;dh;tiu Fwpj;j xU fhyg;gFjpia (definite period of history - 7Mk; 8Mk; E}w;whz;L) vLj;Jf;nfhz;L jkpopd; nkhopapay; $Wfs; rhh;e;j Ma;Tfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.

Nguhrphpahpd; f. fzgjpg;gps;isapd; Ma;Tf;F Kd;dh; E}y;fspd; ghLnghUs; rhh;e;j

Ma;TfNs gutyhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L te;jpUe;jd. ,t;tifahd Ma;tpy; ,Uf;Fk;

,Unghpa rpf;fy;fs; (1) ,ilr; nrUfy;fSk; (2) ghlNgjq;fSk; vd;W nfhs;syhk;.

fk;guhkhazj;jpy;$l E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd ,ilr;nrUfy; ghly;fs; ,Ug;gjhf thjq;fs;

Kd;itf;fg;gLtij ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. gy jiyKiwfshf gyuhy; gbnaLf;fg;ngw;W

te;jikahy; epuk;gg; ghlNgjq;fs; %yq;fspy; Vw;gl;Ls;sijg; gyh; epWtpAs;sijf;

fz;Ls;Nshk;. kzpthrfh; ghba jpUthrfj;ij 3Mk; E}w;whz;L njhlq;fp 13Mk; E}w;

whz;Ltiu Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; nfhz;L jphptij ehk; ,d;Wk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;.

fzgjpg;gps;is mth;fs; gy;yt fy;ntl;L %yq;fisf;nfhz;L mf;fhy jkpo;

nkhopapay; $Wfis Muha;e;J jk; Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhz;Ls;shh;. fy;ntl;L %yq;fs;

Mjyhy; ,ilr;nrUfy;fSk; ghlNgjq;fSk; ,tw;wpy; ,y;iy. ,e;jf;fy;ntl;Lf;fspy;

vt;thW jkpo; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ (actual use of the (Tamil) Language) vd;gij

Muha;e;J Ma;Tf;fl;Liuia rkh;g;gpj;J jkpopy; Gjpa Ma;Tg;Gyj;ijj; jpwe;JtpLfpwhh;.

,t;tha;Tf;fl;Liuapd; cgjiyg;Gf;fshf 1. Writing 2. Bases 3. Substantives 4. Verbs 5. Particle Mfpait miktijf; fhZk;NghJ jkpopd; nkhopapay; (Linguistics) $Wfis

Muha;e;Js;sijf; fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.

,j;jd;ikapdhy; Nguhrphpah; f. fzgjpg;gps;isapd; 1935Mk; Mz;L Ma;tpidf;

'Fwpj;j xU tuyhw;Wf; fhyg;gFjpapy; jkpohdJ vt;thW cgNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ

vd;gijf;fz;L mjd; nkhopapay; $Wfis Muha;e;j KjyhtJ Ma;T Kaw;rp"ahf

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fl;Liuapy; fPo;f;fz;l gjpitj; je;Js;shh;.

“His teacher training, his highest achievements in science, mathematics, various languages, various religions, and his positions as a teacher, Manager, Principal, Sanjasy (sage) and first professor of Tamil in Indian and Ceylon Universities endowed to make him an authority to speak and write on various fields of Education.”

- Dr. M.S.Alexander> 'Educational Philosophy of Swami Vipulananda"tpGyk; - Rthkp tpGyhde;jh; epidT tpohr; rpwg;G kyh; (fdlh) - 2003 - gf;;-188

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jdJ njhlu;r;rpahd gjpTfisf; fl;

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,izaj;jsk; %yKk; njhlu;e;J

toq;fptUk; Mrpupaupd; gzp kpfTk;

gaDilaJ. ,tuJ E}y;fs; xt;nthU

,y;yq;fspYk; ,Uf;fNtz;bait.

Njitg;gLk;NghJ clDf;Fld; ghu;j;J

re;Njfq;fis eptu;j;jpf;ff; $bait.

,t;tifapy;> ,tuJ rkPgj;jpa E}yhf

,e;E}y; ntspte;Js;sJ. gad;kpf;f 18

kUj;Jtf; fl;Liufs; ,j; njhFjpapy;

mike;Js;sd. ,yf;fpa mofpay;

nrhl;lr; nrhl;l ,yF jkpopy; Mrpupau;

kUj;Jt tplaq;fisj; je;jpUf;fpwhu;.

mjdhy; E}iy thrpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhy;

thrpj;J Kbf;Fk; tiu

%b itf;f Kbahj Xu; <u;g;G ,e;

E}Yf;F cz;L. ,d;iwa

fhyfl;lj;jpy; xt;nthUtUk;

mwpe;Jnfhs;s Ntz;ba

kUj;Jt tplaq;fNs

,e;E}ypy; Kf;fpag;gLj;jg;

gl;Ls;sd. Mrpupau;

ghuhl;Lf;Fupatu;>

tho;j;Jf;fs;.


1956Mk; Mz;L Njh;jYf;Fg;

gpd; ‘rpq;fsk; kl;Lk; ,af;fk;’ jPtpu

kile;jNghJ ,jdhy; tpisaf;

$ba jPikfis mg;NghJ Gjpa

gpujkuhfj; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l S.W.R.D. gz;lhuehaf;fhtplk; Nehpy; nrd;W

tpsf;fpdhh; jdpehafk; mbfs;. cyf

ehLfspd; xOq;fpy; gd;nkhopfis

Ml;rp nkhopfshf; nfhz;l ngy;Ipak;>

fdlh> Rtpl;ryhe;J> gpd;yhe;J Nghd;w

ehLfis Kd;Djhuzq;fshff; fhl;bdhh;.

xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l nkhopfisf; nfhz;l

30f;Fk; $Ljyhd ehLfs; jq;fs; ehl;L

nkhopfSf;F xj;j nkhopAhpikapid

Vida nkhopfSf;F toq;fp nkhopg;

gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPh;T fz;bUg;gijf;

Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;bdhh;.

NkYk;> ,yq;ifapy; rpq;fsth;

fSf;Fk; jkpoh;fSf;Fkpilapy; cs;s

ePz;l tuyhw;W> rka> nkhop> gz;ghL

hPjpahd cwTfis Ma;e;jwpe;J nkhop

chpikf;fhd Ntz;LNfhis Kd;itj;J>

,yq;ifapy; Ngrg;gLfpd;w rpq;fsk;

jkpo; Mfpa ,U nkhopfisAk; Ml;rp

nkhopfshf mq;fPfhpj;J ,d KW

fYf;Fj; jPh;TfhZk;gb jdpehafk;

mbfs; tpdakhf Ntz;b epd;whh;.

,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk;> md;iwa gpujkh;

S.W.R.D.gz;lhuehaf;fhtplk; ,Ue;J

fpilj;j gjpYk; ghpRk;> “ghjh;> ,g;gpur;

rpidf;F ths;Kidapy; jPh;T fhzNt

tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd; “(Father, I will rather decide it on the point of sword!”) vd;gjhFk;

(A.J.Wilson, The Dedicated Patriotism of Father Thani Nayagam, Thamilaram, p.84).

15.06.1956,y; S.W.R.D.gz;lhuehaf;fh

jiyikapyhd muR> ghuhSkd;wj;jpd;

mq;fPfhuj;NjhL>‘,yq;ifapy; rpq;fsk;

kl;Lk; Ml;rp nkhopahapUf;Fk;’ vd

mwptpj;J jkpo;nkhopia Kw;whfg;

Gwf;fzpj;jJ. ,f;nfhs;ifNa ,e;

ehl;Lf;F rhgkhfTk; rhgf;NflhfTk;

khwpaJ vd;gij <oj;J tuyhW kPz;Lk;

kPz;Lk; ep&gpf;fpwJ.

xU kf;fspd; ,Ug;Gf;F> mth;fspd;

gz;ghl;Lf;F capuha; ,Uf;fpd;w

nkhopiaNa muR ntWj;J NtuWf;f

epidj;jNghJ> ‘gpzj;NjhL vd;d

Ngr;Rthh;j;ij’ vdj; njhpe;Jk; jdpehafk;

mbfs; njhlh;e;Jk; mfpk;ir topepd;W

mfpyj;jpw;F mwpnthsp gha;r;rpdhh;.

‘,yq;ifapy; nkhop chpikfs;’(Language Rights in Ceylon – Tamil Culture, Vol.V., No.3., July 1956 ,y; (217-230) vDk;

fl;Liuia vOjp ‘jkpo; fy;r;rh;’ (Tamil Culture) vd;w ,jopy; ntspapl;lhh;.

NkYk;> jkpo;nkhop chpikg; gwpg;Gf;F

vjpuhf 1956fspYk;> 1961Yk; eilngw;w

rj;jpahf;fpufq;fspy; Neubahfg; gq;Nfw;whh;

jdpehafk; mbfs;. ,yq;ifapd; Njrpa

eyDf;fhf jkpoh;fs; Mw;wpa mUk;ngUk;

gzpfisAk;> jkpoh;fs; ngwNtz;ba

chpikfisg; gw;wpAk; rpq;fs> Mq;fpy

nkhopfspy; Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fisj;

jahhpj;jNjhL> ,jw;F Mjuthf rpq;fsg;

Nguhrphpah;fspd; ifnahg;gq;fisAk;

ngw;W mtw;iw ntspapl;lhh;. rpwg;ghf

1980Mk; Mz;Lfspy; mtrufhyr; rl;lj;jpd;

fPo; jkpoh;fs; gl;l nrhy;nyhzhj; Jauq;

fis 10.01.1980 md;W aho;.efhpy; Vw;ghL

nra;ag;gl;l tpNrl muq;fpNy ,yq;if

murpd; Nghf;ifg; gfpuq;fkhfr; rhbdhh;.

,t;thW jkpo;nkhopapd;> jkpo;

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nkhop chpikfSf;fhf jk; Ngr;rhYk;>

vOj;jhYk;> mwpthYk; mwtopapd; epd;W

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kdq;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

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nrhy;ypNa jkJ ciufis epiwT

nra;fpd;wth; jkpo;j;JhJ jdpehafk;

mbfs;. mNj thh;j;ijfis>‘vk;ik

ed;wha; ,iwtd; gilj;jdd; jk;ik

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njhlh;e;J tho jdpehafk; mbfshhpd;

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epiwtpy; cWjp G+ZNthk;.

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mkuh; nrk;gpad; nry;td; (M. ,uh[Nfhghy;)Qhgfhh;j;jr; rpWfijg; Nghl;b 2015

(mDruiz : nrk;gpad; nry;td; FLk;gj;jpdh;)

Kjw; ghpR : &gh 5000 /=,uz;lhk; ghpR: &gh 3000/=%d;whk; ghpR: &gh 2000/=

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rpWfijg; Nghl;b” vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.mDg;g Ntz;ba Kfthp:

Qhdk; fpis mYtyfk; - 3B, 46MtJ xOq;if> nfhOk;G 06.

Nghl;b KbTj; jpfjp : 30.09.2015 KbT jpfjpf;Fg; gpd;dh; fpilf;Fk; fijfs; Nghl;bapy; Nrh;f;fg;glkhl;lhJ. -Mrphpah;


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Kl;il jpiug;glj;jpy; tzpfuPjpahd

rkhr;rhuq;fs; vJTk; ,y;iy. vdpDk;

ghh;itahsh;fis fth;e;J fl;b epWj;Jk;

gilg;ghf kdjpy; gjpe;J tpag;Gk;>

ngUkpjKk; nfhs;s itf;Fk; fhl;rpfs;

epiwe;j glkhf tbf;fg;gl;Ls;sikf;fhf

,af;Feh; kzpfz;lid vt;tsT jlit

Ntz;LkhdhYk; ghuhl;lyhk;. efu

tho;tpd; me;j];j;Jf;fhf> euf tho;T

tho;e;J nfhz;L mijf; $l czuhj

th;fshf thOk; xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd;

tho;it ,j;jid Mokhf ,jw;F Kd;dh;

ve;jj; jkpo;r;rpdpkhTk; Gl;Lf; fhl;ltpy;iy

vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

efuj;jpNyNa tho;e;J nfhz;L>

me;j efutho;tpd; RfNghfq;fspypUe;J

xJf;fg;gl;L> xLf;fg;gl;L Jd;g JaUld;

thOk; kf;fs; tpspk;igAk; jhz;ba

kz;zpd; kdpjh;fshf mty tho;T

tho;e;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs;.

mth;fsJ tho;f;if gw;wp kdpj

Neaj;Jld; mZfp> fhl;rpg;gLj;jpa

ngUik ,jd; jahupg;ghsh; jD~;>

ntw;wpkhwd; $l;lzpiaNa rhUk;.

,j;jid Jzpr;rYld; ,g;glj;jpw;fhf

Kjypl;L ek;gpf;ifAld; jahupj;j

NghJk; ,g;glj;ijj; jpiuapLtjpy;

jpiuauq;Ffs; Mh;tk; fhl;ltpy;iy.

tUlhtUlk; 300 rpdpkhf;fs; tiu

jpiuaplg;gLk; jkpo; rpdpkhr; #oypy;

gy glq;fs; jpiuapy; muq;NfwhkNy

RUSf;Fs; Klq;fpg;NghFk; ,d;iwa

epiyapy; ,J Mr;rupakhd tplaky;y.

vJ khjpupAk; ,y;yhj GJkhjpupahd

ajhh;j;j rpdpkh fhf;fh Kl;il.r.KUfhde;jd;


vdpDk; jpiuaplg;glhj ,g;glj;ijj;

Njrpa tpUJf;fhf mDg;gp tpUJfSk;

ngw;w gpd;dNu ,e;jj; jpiug;glj;ijj;

jpiuauq;Ffs; jpUk;gpg; ghh;j;jd.

,g;NghJ t#iy thupf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.

cyf kakhjYld; te;j Fast Food fyhrhuj;jpd; Xh; mq;fkhd gPl;rhit xU

Kiw jhDk; rhg;gpl;Lg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;

vd Mirg;gLk; Vior; rpWth;fshd

mz;zd; jk;gp ,UtUk;> me;j Miria

mila Kbahky; gLk; mt];ijfNshL

glk; ghh;f;Fk; ehKk; xd;wpj; jtpj;Jg;

Nghfpd;Nwhk;. gPl;rh rhg;gpLk; Mirf;F

mLj;jLj;J tUk; jilfisAk;> ,ayhik

fisAk;> Kl;Lf; fl;ilfisAk; czh;T

g+h;tkhfj; jpiuf;fijapd; Xl;lj;JlNdNa

juprd khf;fp> tzpf rpdpkhtpy; ,y;yhj

fhl;rpf@lhf> mijtpl mlh;j;jpahd ,ur

idiaj; je;jpUg;gJ glj;jpd; ntw;wpf;

Fk;> kf;fspd; VNfhgpj;j guhl;Lf;Fk; top

rikj;Js;sJ.

glj;jpd; ehafh;fshd tpf;fpNd~;> uNk~;

Mfpa rNfhjuh;fspdJk;> jhahf ebf;Fk;

I];tupahtpdJk; ebg;G kdijf; fy;ypf;

nfhs;tJ NghyNt> rpW rpW Ntlq;fspy;

Njhd;Wk; ghl;b cs;spl;l midj;Jg;

ghj;jpuq;fSk; rpwg;ghf tbf;fg;gl;L kdij

<h;f;fpd;wd. fhl;rpg;gLj;jypd; rpwg;gpw;F

glj;jpd; ,af;Feuhd kzpfz;lNd

xspg;gjpthsuhf ,Ug;gJk; ,d;ndhU

fhuzk;. glj;ij ,ay;ghd fhl;rpg;gLj;j

Y}lhf efh;j;jpr; nry;tjdhy; ,uridf;F

cr;r tpUe;jspf;fpwJ vdyhk;. eWf;fhd

trdq;fs;> ,ir vd;gdTk; rpwg;ghf

cs;sd.

Vo;ikg;gl;l kf;fs; thOk; ,lq;fspy;

vkJ ehl;by; rhuhaf;filfisj; jpwe;J

mth;fisr; rPuopg;gJ Nghy> ,d;iwa

cyfkakhjYld; te;j Jupj czTf;

fyhrhuk; Viofs; thOk; gpuNjrq;fisAk;

Mf;fpukpj;J mth;fisr; rPuopf;fpwJ.

Efh;Tf; fyhrhuj;ij Cf;Ftpf;Fk;

cyfkakhf;fy;jhd; rpe;jidr; rPuopTf;Fk;

fhuzk;. vkJ ehl;by; $l rpy gp];fl;

,dpg;G jahupf;Fk; epWtdq;fs; tif

tifahf gy ngah;fspy; ,dpg;G

czTfisj; jahupj;J njhiyf;fhl;rp

%yk; tpsk;gug;gLj;jp ,isa jiy

Kiwapdupd; MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk; gho

bf;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;thwhd Njhd;whj;jpzpg;

Gfshy; clw;gUkd;> ePupopT> cah;FUjp

mOj;jk;> ,ja Neha;fs; cs;spl;l gy

jPtpu Neha;fSf;F mj;jpthukplg;gLtij

ahUk; fz;L nfhs;tjpy;iy.

vspikAk;> mikjpAk; epiwe;j

ciof;Fk; mbkl;l kf;fspd; tho;f;if>

mit Ruz;lg;gLk; tpjk;> ehk; mwpe;jpuhj

tpspk;G epiy kf;fspd; mty epiy vdg;

gytw;iwAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jpAs;shh;fs;.

rpd;dr;rpd;d fhl;rpf@lhfTk;> kdijj;

njhLk; trdq;fs;> ciuahly;fs; Clh

fTk; rpiyapy; vOj;Jg; Nghy; kdjpy;

gjpa itj;Js;s fhl;rpfs; jkpo;r;

rpdpkhtpy; Gjpa gbkq;fs; vdyhk;.

mbf;fhky; gps;is tsh;f;Fk; mk;khtpd;

ey;y gps;isfs; ,e;j r%fj;jhy; vg;gbr;

rPuopf;fg;gLfpwhh;fs; vd;gijf; fhl;Lk;

fhl;rpfspy; Kf;fpakhdjhf> gPl;rh jhd;

NtZk;.. mg;gh vy;yhk; Ntzhk;| vd;W

$Wtijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

glj;jpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lk; ,ay;ghff;

fhl;rpg; gLj;jg;gLk;NghJ mj;jid

nefpo;r;rp> fz;fisf; fyq;fr; nra;Ak;

me;jf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; jkpo;r; rpdpkhTf;F

GjpJ kl;Lky;y> cah;thd ,lj;ijAk;

nfhLf;fpwJ.

gpuhe;jpa rpwe;j glj;jpw;fhd

Njrpa tpUJ ngw;w \fhf;fh Kl;il|

Njrpa rpwe;j glj;jpw;fhd tpUijg;

ngwf;$basT rpwg;ghdJ. rpwe;j

Foe;ij el;rj;jpuq;fSf;fhd tpUJ

ngw;w ,U rpWth;fSk; mjw;F Kw;wpYk;

jFjpahdth;fs; vd kdepiwT nfhs;s

itf;fpd;whh;fs;. rpwe;j ebiff;fhd

Njrpa tpUijj; jtwtpl;l GJKf ebif

I];tupahTf;F rpwg;ghd vjph;fhyk;

cz;L vd;gJ cWjp.

ePz;l ehl;fSf;Fg; gpd; jukhd jkpo;r;

rpdpkhitg; ghh;j;j epiwT Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

mmm


rq;ffhy ,df;FOr; rKjhaKk; muR cUthf;fKk; (2004) MW fl;Liufisf;

nfhz;lJk; 178 gf;fq;fisAilaJkhd rpWE}y;. rq;f ,yf;fpak; gw;wp jkpopy;

ntspte;Js;s rpwg;ghd Ma;T E}y;fspy; ,JTk; xd;whFk;. ghit gg;spf;Nfrd;];

,e;E}iy ntspapl;lJ. ,e;E}y; gw;wpa khdpltpay; Nehf;fpyhd mwpKfk; xd;iw

toq;FtNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

\Ntl;ilahLk; ,df;FO tho;f;ifAk; ML Nka;f;Fk; ,df;FO tho;f;ifAk;

mope;J jdpr;nrhj;JupikAk; muRk; Njhd;wpa tuyhw;Wf; fhyk;| vd;W rq;f ,yf;fpa

fhyj;ij E}yhrpupah; tiuaiw nra;fpwhh;. mj;NjhL ,t;Tz;ikiar; rq;f

,yf;fpaj;ij>\khdpltpay; Nehf;fpy; fhz;Nghh; mwpayhk;| vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;. (gf;.12)

ng.khijadpd; E}y; jUk; nra;jpfisAk;> mth; jk; Ma;T KbTfisAk; trjpf;fhf

ehd;F jiyg;Gf;fspy; tFj;Js;Nsd;.

1. muR cUthf;fk;

2. r%f cUthf;fKk; th;f;f NtWghLfSk;

3. cw;gj;jp Kiwapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs;

4. cw;gj;jpapd; gupkhw;wk;

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ehd;F tplaq;fSk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;

Gilait. MapDk; gFg;gha;Tj; Njit fUjpj; jdpj;jdpahf

,it Nehf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

1.muR cUthf;fk;

Fyf;FO my;yJ $l;lk; (Band) ,df;FOkk; (Tribe), FWepy kd;dh; Ms;Gyq;fs;

(Chiefdoms) muR (State) vd;w ehd;F $l;lq;fs; Clhf muR vd;w epWtd mikg;Gg;

gupzhkk; ngWtij khdpltpayhsh;fs; vLj;Jf; $wpAs;sdh;. ,e;ehd;fpDs; $l;lk;

vd;gJ muR ,y;yhepiyiaf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mLj;j %d;W $l;lq;fSk; Ke;J epiy

muR Kjy; muR tiuahd (Pre-State to State) r%fq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. rq;f fhyj;jpy;

muRUthf;fj;jpd; %d;W gbepiyfisg; ng.khijad; E}ypd; JizAld; ,t;thW

tFj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

khdpltpayhsh;fs; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs; Clhfj; njupatUk;

Fwpg;gpLk; gbepiyfs; r%fj; jiyikfs; / muR tbtq;fs;.

,df;FOr;rKjhak; rPW}h; kd;dh; KJFb kd;dh;

FWepy kd;dh; Ms;Gyk; FWepy kd;dh;fs;

muR Nte;jh;.

rPW}h; kd;dUk;> KJFb kd;dUk ;GwehD}w;wpy; 285 Kjy; 335 tiuahd ghly;fs; rPWh; kd;dh; gw;wpad. 336 Kjy;

355 tiuahd ghly;fs; KJFb kd;dh; gw;wpad vd;W khijad; vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;shh;.

(gf;.16) rPW}h; kd;dh; Gd;nra; epyq;fspy; tho;e;j kf;fspd; jiyth;fshth;. ,th;fsJ

thoplk; td;Gyk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk;. KJFb kd;dh; rPW}h; kd;dh; Nghyy;yhky;

kUj epyj;ij Mz;ltuhth;. tuF> nfhs;> jpid> mtiu vDk; Gd; nra;tpis


nghUl;fNs rPW}h; kd;dh; Mz;l gFjp kf;fspd; czTg; nghUl;fshFk;. Gwg;ghly;fs;

rPW}h;fisg; \gUj;jpNtypr; rPW}h;| (299)> fuk;igr; rPW}h; (302) vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

(gf;.16)> rPW}h;fspy; ney; gapuplg;gltpy;iy vd;gij \Gd;Gyr; rPW}h; ney; tpisahNj|

(328) vd;w njhlh; tpsf;fp epw;gijAk; ng.khijad; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh;. KJFbkd;dh;

xnuhapy; kd;dd; (338) jz;gidf; fpotd; (342)> njhy; Fb kd;dd; (353) vd;W

tUzpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;. KJFb kd;dh; kUjepyj;ij Mz;lth;fisAk;> kUj tpis

tay;fspd; cilikahsh;fshAk; ,Ue;jdh;. rPW}h; kd;dh; Ky;;iy epyg;gFjpfspYk;

FwpQ;rp epyj;jpYk; tho;e;jth;fshth;.

FWepy kd;dh;

GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; FWepy kd;dh;fs; Ntsph;> koth;> Mtpah;

Kjypa Fbtop te;Njhuha; kiyAk; kiyrhh;e;j gFjpfis Ml;rp nra;jth;fsha;

cs;sdh;. tul;rpf; fhyj;jpYk; tsk; jUk; kiyg;gpuNjrg; nghUshjhuk; ,th;fspd;

tsh;r;rpf;F Mjhukhapw;W. mjpakhd;> ghup> fhup> Ma;> Ngfd;> Xup> gpl;lq;nfhw;wd;

Nghd;w gy FWepy kd;dh;fs; gw;wpg; GwehD}w;wpd; top mwpfpd;Nwhk;. ,th;fs; nfhilg;

gz;Gkpf;fth;fshfg; ghuhl;lg;gl;Ls;sdh;.

Nte;jh;

Nte;jh; gw;wp khijad; $wpapUg;gij Nkw;Nfhshf ,q;F jUfpd;Nwd;.

\tk;gNte;jh; (Gjpa kd;dh;fs;) (Gwk; 287>345) vdg;ngWk; %Nte;jh; nea;jy;

epyg; gFjpiaAk;> kUjepyg; gFjpiaAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Mz;Ls;sdh;.

,aw;if tsk; kpFe;j kiyg;gFjpfSk; ,th;fshy; ftug;gl;Ls;sd. nghUshjhug;

ngUf;fj;jpw;F mbg;gilaha; mikAk; epyg;gFjpfs; vy;yhk; ,th;fspd; MSikf;F

cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. \Nte;jd; Nka jPk;Gdy; cyfk;| (mfj;5) vdj; njhy;fhg;gpah;

Rl;baijg; Nghy; ,th;fs; jq;fis Nte;jh; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; nfhz;lJ. kUjepyj;

jiyth;fs; vd;gjd; mbg;gilapNyNa MFk;. (gf;.21). njd;dfj;jpd; fpof;F> Nkw;Ff;

flw;fiufspd; JiwKf efh;fspd; tsh;r;rpAk;> Vw;Wkjp th;j;jfKk;> cs;ehl;L

th;j;jfKk; tpUj;jp ngw;wJk; gz;l cw;gj;jpia mjpfupj;jJ. kUj epyg;gFjpfspYk;>

nea;jy; epyj;jpYk; ikak; nfhz;l Gjpa muRfs; cUthfpd. ,it Ky;iy> FwpQ;rp

Mfpa epyg;gFjpfisAk; jkJ Ms;Gyj;jpy; nfhz;Lte;J jk; vy;iyia tpupthf;Fk;

Nghh;fspy; <Lgl;ld. jkpof epyg;gug;gpy; Ke;J tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; (fp.K 300 – fp.gp 300) Vw;gl;l murpay; khw;wq;fisAk; muR cUthf;f tuyhw;iwAk; MuhAk; Mq;fpy

E}y;fs;> fl;Liufis vOjpath;fspy; kpf Kf;fpakhd Ma;thsh;fshf uh[d; FUf;fs;>

Rjh;rd; nrdptpuj;jpd> Mh;.v];.nfd;db vd;w %tiug; Nguhrpupah; fh.,e;jpughy

Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. jkpopy; fh.Rg;gpukzpad; (1982) u.G+q;Fd;wd; MfpNahUk; ng.khijad;

mth;fSk; ,t;tplak; gw;wp vOjpNahUs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth;fs; vdyhk;.

muR vd;w epWtd tbtk; KOik ngWk;NghJ mJ gpd;tUk; cgKiwikfis (Sub System) nfhz;ljha; tpuptilfpwJ vd;gij khdpltpayhsh;fs; vLj;Jf; $wpAs;sdh;.

1. Fbkf;fisf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; nfhz;L tUjy;> milahsk;> Ms;Gy vy;iyfs;

vd;gd Kf;fpak; ngWk;.

2. ePjp eph;thfk; - rl;lk;> ePjpgjpfs;

3. rl;l epiwNtw;wk; - epue;ju ,uhZtKk;> fhty;gilAk;

4. tuptpjpg;Gk;> tup mwtPLk;.

,e;j ehd;F KiwikfisAk; xd;wpizf;Fk; Ms;Nthh; FO Njhw;wk; ngWk;.

,f;FOtpy; Fbapay; (rptpy;) ,uhZt mjpfhupfSk; rkaj;Jiwj; jiyth;fSk;

mlq;Fth;. rq;f fhyj;jpy; KOepiwTila muRfspd; Njhw;wk; Kw;Wg; ngwtpy;iy

vd;Nw $wyhk;.

2.r%f cUthf;fKk;> th;f;f NtWghLfSk;

GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fspy; tUk; rPW}h;j;jiyth;fs; cilikNah> ifg;nghUNsh

,y;yhjth;fs; (327> 313) kpFe;j Vo;ik epiyapy; tho;gth;fs; (331)> ,utyh;fisg;


NgZtjw;fhf nghUisf; fldhfg; ngWgth;fs; (316> 327) vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sdh;.

rPW}h;j;jiytpaupd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;igAk;> Cuth;fspd; grpiag; Nghf;Fk; mth;jk;

,ay;igAk; rpy ghly;fs; rpj;jpupf;fpd;wd. ,utyh;f;F mspj;jjhy; tuF> jpiz

Kjyhd czTg; nghUl;fs; jPh;e;J Nghd epiyapy; tpijf;nfd itj;jpUe;j jpidia

cuypypl;L ,bj;Jr; rikf;Fk; rPW}h;j; jiytpia xU ghly; (Gwk; 333) rpj;jpupf;fpd;wJ.

rPW}h; jiyth;fSf;F mLj;j cah;epiyapy; cs;stuhf KJFb kf;fs; ,Ug;gij

GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; (336-355) nfhz;L mwpa KbfpwJ. KJFb kd;dh; kUj epyr;

rKjhaj; jiyth;fsha; ,Ue;jdh;. mth;fs; tpistay;fspd; cilikahsh;fshfTk;

,Ue;jdh;. jz;gizA+h; (341) neLey; Ch; (343) fJtha; %J}h; (350) fd;W Nka;e;J

cf@h; (355) vdg;gy ghly;fspy; KJFb kd;dupd; kUjepy tsKk;> cOnjhopy;

cw;gj;jpahy; fpilj;j nry;tsKk; vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sd. KJFb kd;dupd; nry;t

tsj;jhy; ftug;gl;l Nte;jh;fs; mt;T+h;fs; kPJ Nghh;njhLj;J tpistay;fisg;

gho;gLj;jpAk; nfhs;isapl;Lk;> jk; ehl;nly;iyia tpupthf;fpAk; mopTfis

Vw;gLj;jpaijAk; ,g;ghly;fs; %yk; mwpa Kbfpd;wJ.

KJFb kd;diu tplg; nghUshjhu gyj;jpYk;> typikapYk; Nkk;gl;lth;fshf

FWepy kd;dh;fs; ,Ue;jdh;. ,aw;if tsk; epiwe;j kiyg;gFjpfspd; jiyth;fshd

FWepy kd;dh;fsJ Ms;Gyk; \ehL| vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ.

Njh;tz; ghupjz; gwk;GehNl (118) vdg;ghupapd; ehLk;> ngz;izak; glg;ig

ehL fpoNthNa (126) vdf; fhup Mz;l gFjpAk; Fwpg;gplg;gLtij khijad;

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhh;. ,t;thNw Ma;> Ngfd;> gpl;lq;nfhw;wd; Mfpa FWepy kd;dh;fSk;

\ehL| vd tUzpf;fg;gl;l tsk; nghUe;jpa gFjpfis Mz;l kd;dh;fshff; fhzg;

gLfpd;wdh;.

Nte;jh;fs; mfopAk; kjpYk; cila muz;kidfspy; tho;NthuhfTk;> ehl;ilAk;

mur nry;tj;ijAk; toptopaha; ngw;wth;fshAk; ,Ue;jijf; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. ahzh;

itg;gpd; ed;dhl;Lg; nghUe (Gwk;2) tpOePh;Ntyp ehL fpoNthd; (13) ehL nfO

nry;tj;Jg; gPL nfO Nte;J (35) vdg;gythW Nte;jh;fspd; nry;tr; nropg;G

vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

r%f cUthf;fk; (Social Formation) r%f mLf;fikTk; th;f;f NtWghLk; Mfpa

mk;rq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; khdpltpayhsh;fs; %tifr; rKjhaq;fis milahsk;

fz;Ls;sdh;. mk;%tifr; rKjhaq;fisAk;> rq;f fhyr; r%fj; jiyth;fisAk;

kd;dh;fisAk; vt;thW tifg;gLj;jyhk; vd;gij Nky;tUkhW tFj;Jf; $wyhk;.

rKjha tif rq;ffhyj; jiyikfSk; kd;dh;fSk;

1. rkj;Jt rKjhaq;fs; rPW}h;j; jiyth;fs;

2. juepiyr; rKjhaq;fs; KJFb kd;dh;fs;> FWepy kd;dh;fs;

3. mLf;fikTila th;f;f rKjhaq;fs; Nte;jh;fs;> Ml;rp nra;j gFjpfs;.

,k; %tifr; rKjhaq;fspd; ,ay;Gfs;> mtw;wpd; nghUshjhuk;> muRKiw

vd;gdtw;iw gf;fj;jpy; cs;s ml;ltiz vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

rkj;JtrKjhaq;fs;> juepiyr; rKjhaq;fs;> mLf;fikTila rKjhaq;fs;

vd;gdtw;wpf;fpilapyhd xg;gPL.

tif rkj;JtrKjhak; (Egalitarian Society) ,ay;Gfs; me;j];J NtWghL guk;giuahfg; ngwg;gLtjpy;iy. taJ> ghy;> jdpegupd;

jpwik mbg;gilapNyNa NtWghLfs; ,Uf;Fk;.

nghUspay; Kiw Ntl;il czT Nrfupg;G

r%f mikg;G Fyf;FO (band) ,df;FOr; rKjhak; (Tribe) rq;f ,yf;fpa cjhuzk;

rpW}h;j;jiyth;fs; thoplk;

tif juepiyr; rKjhak; (Ranked Society) ,ay;Gfs; me;j];J guk;giuahfg; ngwg;gLtJ jutupir ,Uf;Fk;. cah;e;Njhh;

jho;epiyapy; cs;Nshh;. Vd; ,Ugpuptpdh; ,Ug;gh;


nghUspay; Kiw Ntl;il td;Gy

tptrhak; ke;ij Nka;g;G

r%f mikg;G FWepy kd;dh;fspd; rpw;

wuRfs; (Chiefdoms) ,df;FO rKjhak;

rq;f ,yf;fpa cjhuzk; KJFb kd;dh;

tif mLf;fikTr; rKjhak; (Stratified Society) ,ay;Gfs; me;j];J NtWghLfs;

guk;giuahf ngwg;gl;lit gpuGf;fs; -

rhjhuz kf;fs; vd;w njspthd gpupTk;

mLf;fikTk; ,Uf;Fk;

nghUspay; Kiw tptrhak;

r%f mikg;G ehL> kz;;lyk;> muR (State)rq;f ,yf;fpa cjhuzk; Nte;jh;

3.cw;gj;jp Kiw khw;wq;fs;.

kdpj tuyhw;wpy; cw;gj;jp Kiwfs;

ehd;F gbepiyfspy; tsh;r;rp ngw;wd vd

khdpltpayhsh;fs; $Wth;.

m. Ntl;ilahb czT Nrfupj;jy;

M. fhy; eiltsh;j;jy;

,. vspikahd Ntshz;Kiw (cOJ

gapupLk; Kiwf;F Ke;jpa Ntshz;ik>

fhl;nlupg;G Ntshz;ik> Njhz;L fop

nfhz;L tpijj;jy; Kjypad)

<. gz;gl;l Ntshz;ik (cOjy;

Ntshz;ik)(gf;jtj;ry ghujp gf;. 462)

r%f mikg;G Kiw> cw;gj;jp Kiw>

muR Kiw vd;gd xd;Nwhnlhd;W

nghUe;jp miktij ng.khijad; Ma;T

jUk; nra;jpfisf; nfhz;L gpd;tUkhW

njhFj;J Nehf;fyhk;.

rq;ffhyr; rKjhak; - r%f mikg;G>

thoplk;> cw;gj;jpKiw> muR Kiw

r%f mikg;G ,df;FOr; rKjhak;

rkj;Jt rKjhak; Ky;iy

thoplk; FwpQ;rp> ghiy

cw;gj;jp Kiw Ntl;il> czT Nrfupg;G

td;Gy; Ntshz;ik

muRKiw rPW}h;j; jiyth;fs;

r%f mikg;G khw;wKWk; ,df;FO

rKjhak;> juepyr; rKjhak;

thoplk; kUj epyk;

cw;gj;jp Kiw coT Ntshz;ik

muRKiw KJFb kd;dh;

r%f mikg;G khw;wKWk; ,df;FO

rKjhak;> juepiyr; rKjhak;

thoplk; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy td;Gyk;

cw;gj;jp Kiw vspikahd Ntshz;ik>

fhy;eil tsh;g;G

njUNthuk; Gy;Nka;e;J

jhfk; Nkypl

ePu;Njb tUe;jp

eil jsu;e;J

jdpnahU g+tuRkuepoypy;

gLj;jpUf;Fk; gR xd;W.

vd; tPl;Lf; fpzw;wUfpy;

epj;jk; ePu; mUe;jp

ed;wha; tsu;e;J nropj;jpUe;j

nrt;thiof;F

New;W tPrpa fLq;fhw;W

$w;whdJ vd;d ePjp?

mfjpfs; midtiuAk;

mtutu; tPLfspy; FbNaw

mDkjpr;rhapw;W vd;W

Kd;dhs; gpujpaikr;ru; nrhd;dgpwFk;

vk; cwTfs; ntspNa

me;epau; cs;Ns

2009y; ruzile;J

2010y; tpLjiyahd Vjpypf;F

,d;Wtiu tho;e;jpUf;f ,lkspj;j

,uty; kid xd;Wf;F

,Uf;Fk; kdpj Neak; kdpjdplkpy;iy

‘jPJk; ed;Wk; gpwu; juthuh’?

ahu; me;jg; Gytu;....?

jPu;f;fjuprp fzpad; G+q;Fd;wdhu; vdj;

njupahjh vq;fs; murpay;

mwpQu;fSf;F?

“njupahkyh jpy;ypf;Fk; njd;dhgpupf;fhTf;Fk;

Ngha; te;jdhq;fs;?

jkpoh ,d;ndhU Ie;jhz;LfSf;F

cd;jpUTsr; rPl;ilj; jh vq;fSf;F

ntd;W tUfpNwhk;”

- Ntuw;Nfzpad;

jpU

Ts

r; r

Pl;i

lj;jh ntd

;W t

UfpNwhk;!


muRKiw FWepy kd;dh;fs;

r%f mikg;G mLf;fikTila rKjhak;

thoplk; kUjk;> nea;jy; FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy

gUepiyg; gpuhe;jpak; (Macro-Region) cw;gj;jp Kiw ney; Ntshz;ik gz;l

cw;gj;jp

muRKiw Nte;jh;

cw;gj;jpapd; gupkhw;wk;

kdpjh; jk; Njitfis epiwT

nra;Ak; nghUl;L gz;lq;fisAk;> Nrit

fisAk; gupth;j;jid nra;J nfhs;

fpd;wdh;. ,g;gupth;j;jd %d;W epiyfspy;

eilngWfpd;wJ. re;ij Kiw (Market System), kW gq;fPL (Redistribution)> gup khw;wk; (Reciprocity) vd;gdthf ,tw;iw

tifg;gLj;jyhk;. tsh;r;rpaile;j r%

fq;fspy; re;ijKiw Kjd;ik ngw;

wpUf;Fk;. ,df;FOr;rKjhaq;fspy;

kWgq;fPL> gupkhw;wk; vd;w ,uz;L

epiyfspy; ,lk;ngWk; gupth;j;jidNa

Kjd;ikaplj;ijg; ngWfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws;

gupkhw;wk; vd;w tifg;gl;l gupth;j;jid

gw;wp ,q;F ftdk; nrYj;JNthk;. r%f

epiyapy; rkj;Jtkhdth;fspilNa

epfOk; gupth;j;jidNa gupkhw;wk; MFk;.

,J %tifg;gLk;.

1. nghJg;gilahd gupkhw;wk;

(Generalised reciprocity)2. rkr;rPh; gupkhw;wk; (Balanced reciprocity)3. vjph;kiwg; gupkhw;wk;

(Negativereciprocity),tw;Ws; nghJg;gilahd gupkhw;wk;

flg;ghL vz;zk; kpFe;j cwTf; $l;lj;Js;

epfOk;. ,df;FO rKjhaj;ijr; Nrh;e;j

rPW}h;j; jiyth;fs; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gz;G

ilath;fshfg; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wdh;. %jpd;

Ky;iy> ty;yhz; Ky;iyg; ghly;fs;

nghJj;Ja;g;G rPW}h; rKjhaj;jpy; te;jijf;

fhl;Lfpd;wd. jiytp CNuhL (Gwk;

318)> cLk;ig mWj;Jr; Rl;Lf; fwpiag;

gFj;Jf; nfhLj;jik (325)> ,Ue;j tuFk;

jpizAk; ,utyh;f;F mspj;jikahy;

jPh;e;J Nghdik (328) vd;gd Nghd;w

nra;jpfs; ,jw;Fr; rhd;whf mikfpd;wd

vd khijad; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. (khijad;

209:136)

cilikr; rKjha tsh;r;rpf;fl;lj;jpy;

tpUe;Njhk;gy; (gupkhw;wk;)> nfhil

khg;gps;is gw;wpj; njuptpj;j

jfty;fis kdj;jpy; itj;Jf; fLik

ahf Nahrpj;J E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd

NfhitfSs; Nju;e;J vLj;j mr;rhjfk;

mw;Gjkha;g; nghUe;jpaJ.

me;jehl;fspy;; nghUj;jf;$ba

irtg;Nghrpdpfspd; rhjfq;fs; fpilg;gJ

Kaw;nfhk;G. nghUj;Jeu; nfhLj;j rhjfk;

gpwtpr; irtk;. mjw;FNky; mg;ngz; rptg;gp

- nkypT - tbT - gbg;G M Bekhg;gps;is gFjpapd; kdk; Fspu;e;jJ.

rhjfj;ij khg;gps;is gFjp ngw;Wf;

nfhz;lNghJ> jhk; ,d;dhu; gFjp vdj;

jk;gl;lk; mbj;jdu;.

mj;jk;gl;lk; vjpu;kiw tpisit

Vw;gLj;jpaJ. nghUj;Jeu; rhjfj;ij

itj;Jtpl;L “ePq;fs; Nghfyhk;” vd;whu;

vupr;rYld;.

“Vd; Iah ePq;fs; rLjpaha;r; rPwpr;

rpdf;fpwpas;? vd;d rq;fjp?”

“vdf;Fr; rhjfk; juf;nfhQ;rKk;

rk;kjkpy;iy.! ePq;fs; jaT nra;J

Nghfyhk;”

“vd;dz;L nrhy;Yq;Nfh.. ePq;fs;

Vd; je;jijj; jpUg;gp Ntz;Lwpas;?”

“nrhy;yth?”

“nrhy;Yq;Nfh”

“ePq;f cq;fil gFjpg; ngupatu; vdr;

nrhd;dtu; xU ‘GNwhl;’ (Fraud)Nkhrbg;Ngu;top. mtuJ tajhd

kfSf;F ehd; tY f\;lg;gl;L nra;J

itj;j fypahzj;jpw;Fj; jUtjhf topf;F

top mtu; jhdhf thf;fspj;j njhif xU

yl;rk;> je;jJ gj;Nj gj;jhapuk; khj;jpuk;!”

Nghyp(FWq;fij)

- Nty; mKjd;


(kWgq;fPL) vd;w ,uz;Lk; ,df;FOr;

rKjhaj;jpd; vr;rq;fshf epiyj;jpUe;jd.

mope;J nfhz;L nry;Yk; ,df;FOr;

rKjhaj;jpd; vr;rq;fshf mikAk;

tpUe;Njhk;gy; nfhil vd;gd cilikr;

rKjhaj;jpy; cah; tpOkpaq;fshf

,yl;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;ld. rq;f fhyj;jpw;Fg;

gpd;dh; Njhd;wpa jpUf;Fwspy; cilikr;

rKjhaj;jpd; epWtdq;fspy; xd;whfpa

FLk;gk; ,yl;rpag;gLj;jg;gLtNjhL>

FLk;gj;jpd; cah;tpOkpakhf tpUe;

Njhk;gy; $wg;gl;lJ.

Nte;jh; rKjhaj;jpy; Nghw;wg;gLk;

nfhil \tupir mwpe;J| toq;Fk; nfhil

ahf khWfpd;wJ.

ng.khijadpd; \rq;ffhy ,df;FOr;

rKjhaKk; muR cUthf;fKk;| vd;Dk;

jiyg;gpy; vOjpapUf;Fk; E}ypid khdpl

tpayhsh; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fspd; gpd;dzpapy;

,f;fl;Liuapy; mwpKfk; nra;Js;Nsd;.

rq;f ,yf;fpak; gw;wpa Gjpa

Nehf;fpyhd Ma;Tfs;.

Early Historic Tamilnadu (C300 BCE – 300 CE) (Ke;Jtuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jkpofk;)

vd;Dk; fl;Liuj; njhFg;G E}ypd;

gjpg;ghrpupauhd fh.,e;jpughy me;

E}Yf;F vOjpa mwpKff; fl;Liuapy;

Mq;fpyk; top ntspte;j mz;ikf;fhy

Ma;Tfs; gw;wpa mwpKfj;ijAk; tpkh;rd

kjpg;gPl;ilAk; je;Js;shh;. (,e;jpughyh

2009:1) jkpofj;jpd; Ke;Jfhy tuyhw;W

Ma;Tf;F ,e;jpa tuyhW gw;wpa \xUq;

fpiz mZFKiw| cjtpajhf mth;

$Wfpd;whh;.

\Gjpa xspiag; gha;r;Rk; ,e;jpa

tuyhW gw;wpa xUq;fpiz mZFKiw

cUthdJ. ,e;Nehf;Fj;jpUe;jpa tpQ;Qhd

KiwapaiyAk;> vz;zf;fUf;fs; vd;w

tifapy; Kf;fpakhd Ma;T tiur;rl;lq;

fisAk; gad;gLj;jpaJ. ,jd; gadhf

kpFe;j gaDs;s Nehf;FKiwfs; Njhw;wk;

ngw;wd. ,it fle;j fhyk; gw;wpa Gjpa

ghh;itia toq;fpd (Mh;.rk;gfyf;Rkp

,e;jpughy (2009:3) Nkw;Nfhs;) tuyhw;Wj;

Jiwapy; Vw;gl;l Gjpa xspgha;r;ry;fs; MW

tplaq;fs; rhh;e;jd vd;Wk; ,e;jpughyh

$Wfpwhh;. mit tUkhW>

01) rk];fpUjkakhjy; - N[hh;[;

vy;.`hh;l; Ma;T Kf;fpakhdJ.

02) th;j;jf tpUj;jpAk; efu kakhf;fYk;

- fpshud;]; kNyhdp> uh[d; FUf;fs;

MfpNahh; Kf;fpa Ma;Tfis vOjpdh;.

03) jpizf;Nfhl;ghL – fh.rptj;jk;gp> uh[d;FUf;fs;> rk;gfyf;Rkp> Rjh;rd;

nrdtpuj;jpd MfpNahh; Kf;fpa

gq;fspg;ig ey;fpdh;.

04) tptrha cw;gj;jp Kiwapy; Vw;gl;l

khw;wq;fs; - uh[d;FUf;fs;> rk;gf

yf;Rkp Mfpa ,UtUk; ,j;Jiwapy;

Kd;Ndhbfs;.

05) muR Kiw khw;wk; - Rjh;rd;

nrdtpuj;jpd> uh[d; FUf;fs;>

Mh;.v];.nfd;db MfpNahh;.

fh.,e;jpughyh 20 tiuahd Ma;thsh;

fspd; gl;baiyj;je;J mth;fspd;

gq;fspg;igg; ghuhl;bg; NgRfpwhh;.

,th;fs; midtiuAk; cs;slf;fpa ,U

FOf;fis milahsk; fhzyhk;.

01) mnkupf;fh> If;fpauhr;rpak; Mfpa

Nkw;F ehl;L gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy;

Ma;Tfisr; rkh;g;gpj;Njhh;.

02) GJnly;yp [tfh;yhy; NeU gy;fiyf;

fofj;ijr; rhh;e;J Ma;Tfisr;

nra;Njhh;. jkpopy; vOjpa Ma;thsh;fs;

gw;wp ,e;jpughyh vjidAk; Fwpg;gpl

tpy;iy.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;s Ma;T

fspd; fUj;Jf;fis ng.khijad; ve;js

Tf;F cs;thq;fpAs;shh;. mtuJ Ma;tpd;

juj;ij Vida Mq;fpy jkpo; Ma;TfSld;

vg;gb xg;gPL nra;J kjpg;gplyhk; vd;w

tplak; jdpj;J Muhag;gl Ntz;baJ.

,e;jpughyh Fwpg;gpLk; Ma;thsh;fspy;

fh.rptj;jk;gp> f.ifyhrgjp> Iuhtjk;

kfhNjtd;> fh.,uh[d; Mfpa Ma;thsh;

fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; ng.khijad; mth;fspd;

Ma;tpy; ntspg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;jpughyh

Fwpg;gplhjth;fshd uh[;nfsjkd;> u.G+q;

Fd;wd;> eh.thdkhkiy> fh.Rg;gpukzpad;

MfpNahiuAk; ng.khijad; Nkw;Nfhs;

fhl;bAs;shh;.

crhj;Jiz E}y;fs;.

01. K. Indirapala (ED) Early Historic Tamil Nadu C.300 BCE – 300 CE, Kumaran Press, Colombo (2009)

02. fp. gf;jtj;ryghujp gz;ghl;L khdpltpay; (1990) nka;ag;gd; gjpg;gfk;> nrd;id.

03. ng.khijad; 1. rq;f fhy ,df;FO rKjhaKk; muR

cUthf;fKk; ghit gg;spf;Nf~d;];> nrd;id (2004)

2. jkpo;r; nrt;tpay; gilg;Gf;fs; ftpijapay;> rKjhatpay; Nehf;F vd;.rp.gp.vr;> nrd;id (2009)

mmm


knjh;];Nl – 10-05-2015New;W eL ,uT tpkhd epiyaj;jpy;

ehd; te;jpwq;fpaJ njhlf;fk; ,d;W

mjpfhiy ehd; aho;.Njtp VWk; tiu vd;

KfE}y; gf;fq;fs; midj;Jk; md;idah;

jpd tho;j;Jfshy;; epiwe;jpUe;jd.

Mq;fpyk;> jkpopy; ,izaj;jpy;

,Ue;J jutpwf;fk; nra;ag;gl;l glq;fs;…

rpj;jpuq;fs;… thrfq;fs;….. md;id

my;yJ mk;kh vd;W tUk; rpdpkhg;

ghly;fspd; ,izg;Gfs;…. nrhe;jj;

jhahh;fspd; glq;fs;… Nkyhf ehis

ntspahf ,Uf;Fk; jkpo;ehl;bd; mk;kh’ vd tpopf;fg;gLk; Kd;dhs; Kjy;tUf;fhd

tof;fpd; jPh;g;gpw;fhd tho;j;JfSk;

Ntz;Ljy;fSk; vd epiwe;jpUe;jpUe;jd.

Mq;fhq;Nf… 'cq;f mk;kh ntspapy;

te;jhy; ghh;g;Nghk;” vd;w murpay;

rthy;fs;.

"cq;fs; Iah ntspapy; ,Uf;Fk;

nghOJ Vd; vq;fs; mk;kh ntspapy;

,Uf;f $lhJ” vd;w vjph; rthy;fs;.

,e;j md;idah; jpd tho;j;Jj;

njhptpg;gJ Njitah… ,y;iyah vd

vd; kdk; jj;Jt tprhuizfs; elhj;jpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhYk; vd; mk;khTf;F

KfE}ypy; tho;j;Jj; njhptpf;f Ntz;ba

Njit vdf;F ,Ue;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

fhuzk;… KfE}y; vdf;F mwpKfkhf

KjNy vd;Dld; ,Wjp 16 Mz;Lfs;

tho;e;J tpl;L mth; mikjpahf vd;

fuq;fspy; Ngha;tpl;lhh;.

xU tpohtpw;Fg; Nghtjw;F Nfhl;> #l;

vy;yhk; Nghl;L mofhf ntspf;fpl;L epd;w

nghOJ> rf;fu ehw;fhypapy; ,Ue;jgbNa

vd; moif urpj;jgb vdf;F neQ;Rf;if

VNjh nra;AJ. lhf;liuf; $g;gpL vd;W

nrhd;dJ kl;Lk;jhd;.

mtruNrit 118 tz;b itj;jpaUld;

te;j nghOJ mth; fz;fs; nrUfpapUe;jd.

vd;id miwf;F ntspNa Ngha;

epw;fr; nrhd;dhh;fs;.

gj;J epkplq;fSf;Fg; gpd;G ntspNa

te;J 'kdk; tUe;Jfpd;Nwhk;” vd vd;idf;

fl;b MWjy; nrhd;dhh;fs;.

64 – 60 – 52 – 46 tajhd ehd;F

gps;isfspd; jha; cyif tpl;Lg;

Nghdehs; mJ.

vd; %d;W rNfhjuq;fisAk;

mioj;J 'mk;kh…” vd;W nrhy;yj;

njhlq;fpa thf;fpak; nrhy;yp Kbf;f

Kjy; thh;j;ijfs; rpf;fybj;jd.

mth;fshf kpFjpiag; Ghpe;J nfhz;

lhh;fs;.

xt;nthUthpd; jhahh;fs; xt;nthU

tUf;Fk; vg;gbNah njhpahJ.

- tp. [

PtFkhud

;


Mdhy; filrp epkplk; vq;fs; ehy;

tiug;gw;wp kl;Lkpy;yhJ vq;fs;

fpuhkj;jpYk; fdlhtpYk; ,q;fpyhe;jpYk;

,Uf;Fk; mthtpd; ngwhkf;fs;> kU

kf;fs; midthpYk; mth; mf;fiw

nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

mjdhy;jhd; mk;khtpd; ,Wjpr;

rlq;fpw;F kz;lgk; nfhs;shj $l;lk;.

midj;J ehLfspYk; ,Ue;J

midj;J cwTfSk; te;jpUe;jdh;.

,Wjpr; rlq;Fehs; tiu mthtpd;

gphpTr; Nrhfk; vdf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy.

kuztPl;L yPT Kbe;J Kjd;ehs;

Ntiyf;Fg; Ngha;tpl;L tPl;il te;j

nghOJ> mk;kh jhdhfr; rf;fu ehw;

fhypapy; te;J fjitj; jpwf;ftpy;iy

vd;w nghOJjhd; ,dp vdf;F mk;kh

,y;iy vd;W njhpe;jJ.

MgP]; cLg;ig khw;whky; mg;gbNa

Ngha; Nrhghtpy; cl;fhe;J nfhz;L

,Ue;Njd; - vd; ,U gps;;isfSk; kid

tpAk; Ntiyahy; tUk; tiuAk;.

mjpfhiy 5.30 kzpf;Fg; Gwg;gl

,Ue;j aho;Njtpf;F vd; jkf;ifahh; 4.30

kzpf;Nf mioj;J te;J tpl;lhh;.

toikahfg; gpbf;Fk; thd;fhuDf;F

NtW xU rthhp ,Ue;jjhy; me;j xU

kzpj;jpahyk; gpshl;ghuj;jpy; jtepiyapy;

,Uf;f Ntz;ba epiy.

'NtW xU thdpy; Nghfyhk; jhNd” vd Kjd;ehs; ,uT ehd; Nfl;l nghOJ

'mtd; ghtk;> gps;is Fl;bf;fhud;>

cd;dhy; mtDf;F nfhQ;rf; fhR fpilf;

fl;LNk” vd;whh;.

mk;kh xU jlit vd; fz;fs;

Kd;dhy; te;J Nghdhh;.

mjd; gpd; ehd; vJTk; Ngrtpy;iy.

4.30 njhlf;fk; 5.00 kzptiu gpshl;ghuk;

rhkhd; nghjpfSf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; J}q;fpf;

nfhz;bUe;j ,uz;nlhU eha;fs; Nghy

J}q;fpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.

5.00 kzp Nghy rpq;fsj;jpy; xypgug;G

mjidj; njhlh;e;J xU Gifapujk; te;J

epd;wJ.

xypguj;jpajpy; xU nrhy;$l

aho;g;ghzk; vd;Nwh [t;dh vdNth

Nfl;ftpy;iy.

kdk; rpq;fg;G+iu epidj;jJ.

XLk; nwapy; $l xt;Nthh; ];Nlrd;

tUk; nghOJk; Mq;fpyk;> rPd nkhopAld;

jkpOk; Nfl;Fk;.

kWfzNk Mkpf;fhty; ,y;yhj

Nfhl;ilg; Gifapuj epiyak; MWjy;

je;jJ.

5.05Nghy xU nghpa FLk;gk;

te;jpwq;fpaJ.

mJ xU jhAld; ,ize;j ,U

rNfhjuq;fspd; FLk;gq;fs;; vdj; njhpe;jJ.

xd;W vd;idg; Nghy ntspehl;by;

,Ue;J te;jpwq;fpa FLk;gkhf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. jikad; FLk;gk; ,yq;ifapy;

trpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Ug;gth;fshf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. rNfhjhp FLk;gk; Rtp]; vd

mth;fspd; fijapy; ,Ue;J Ghpe;jJ.

nkhj;jk; xd;gJ gj;J NguhtJ

,Uf;Fk;.

mjd; eLtpy; xU nky;ypa tajhd

mk;kh xUth;.

new;wp KOf;f tpG+jp epiwj;jpUe;jJ.

Ngug;gps;isfisg; gpshl;ghuj;jpd;

fiuf;Fg; Nghf Ntz;lhk; vd;W mwpTiu

nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Lk; jq;fSld; nfhz;L

te;j nghjpfis vz;zpr; rhpghh;j;Jf;

nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jhh;.

mNjNtis mUNf epd;wpUe;j

vd;idAk; vd; rNfhjhpiaAk; ghh;j;J

el;GhPjpapy; Gd;difj;jhh;.

ehKk; Gd;difj;Njhk;.

'ePq;fs; vJtiu?..."

"Rd;dhfk; ];Nlrd;tiu"

'ehq;fs; vy;yhUk; aho;g;ghzk;

];Nlrd;. mJjhd; khdpg;gha;f;F fpl;l"

vd;W nrhy;ypf; nfhz;Nl kpf mUfpy;

te;jhh;.

gpd;G> 'ePq;fSk; 1500 hpf;fw;

ngl;bapiyjhd; tUfpwPh;fNsh" vdf;

Nfl;lhh;.

'vy;yhg; ngl;bfSf;Fk; 1500 jhNd"

vd; rNfhjhp nrhd;dhh;.

mJ mtUf;F tpsq;fpaNjh njhpahJ.

Mdhy; Rtp]py; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;Fk; jdJ

kfs; 1500&gha; hpf;fw; vLj;Jj; jd;idf;


$l;br; nry;fpd;wh vd;gJjhd; mtUf;Fg; ngUikahf ,Ue;jJ.

'vt;tsT fhR nrhy;Yk; ghh;g;gk;. vd;iu gps;is mg;gpb hpf;fw; vLj;J vd;idf;

$l;bg; Nghf kUjbahDk; Ntyf;ifg; gps;isahDk;jhd; itr;rp Uf;fpdk;;". MdhYk;

jk;gp mit ,uz;L NgUk; vd;id Vkhj;jpAk; Nghl;bdk;. ,g;g kUjbahDf;F

,j;jid tUrj;Jf;Fg; gpwF Fk;ghgpNrfk; ele;jpUf;F. mtNuhil Nfhtk; vz;lhYk;

gps;isNahil Nghfhky; ,Uf;fyhNkh" mthpl;ilAk; Nghf NtZk;. 101 Nkhjfk;

nra;Awd; vz;L Neh;j;jpf;fld; NtW itr;rpl;ld; me;j tz;baDf;F"

mthpd; nts;she;jp kdk; vdf;F ed;F gpbj;jpUe;jJ.

'mg;Ngh cq;fil mth; vd;d khjphp?" 'mth; gLf;ifapiyjhd;. xU fpoikf;F

fOtpj; Jilf;f Ml;fis xOq;F nra;J Nghl;Lj;jhd; ,g;g CUf;Fg; Nghwk;. mthpd;iu

nryTfs; vy;yhk; kfdpd;l nghWg;Gj;jhd;. vd;iu nghWg;G cts; Rtp];fhhpapd;iu."

ehd; Ck; nfhl;bNdd;.

Nghujd; tLf;fs; vq;Fk;Gyg;gLk; ghu;f;Fk; NghJCujd; mopTjd;idxt;nthd;Wk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk;NgupUs; epiwe;jfhyk;gPjpapy; kf;fs; vy;yhk;ePuJfz;zpy; NkhJk;;neQ;rKk; kwf;FkhNkh?

fy;yjd; Ftpayhffl;batPLNjhd;Wk;ney;yJtpisAk; me;jepfupy;yhf; fodpahTk;Gy;Yfs;>tdq;fshfG+kpia %bf; nfhs;Sk;ey;tsk; kpf;fCu;fs;ehrkha;g; Nghdjk;kh!

tw;wpaFsq;fs; vq;Fk;tdhe;jukhfCu;fs;Kw;wpamopTjd;idKOikaha;f; fhl;bepw;Fk;njhw;wpaNehiag; Nghynjhlu;e;jpLk; mtyk; ehSk;gw;wpajPaha; neQ;rpy; guptpdhy; mizg;ghu; ,y;iy

Fbirapy; thOk; kf;fs;FL FLfpotu; nky;yjbaijCd;wpf; nfhz;Ljlf;fpNatPOk; fhl;rpnfhbatu; nrayhy; kf;fs;nfhLikapy; jtpf;fyhdhu;Kbtpjw;fpy;iyahNkh?Nkhl;rNkd; nrj;jgpd;G?

Kftup ,d;wpkf;fs;Kfhq;fspy; mlq;fyhdhu;

Rfkijmwpahtho;f;ifRje;jpuk; vd;why; vd;d?

mfnkyhk; Jaupy; %o;Fk;mr; rpiwjd;idtpl;L

,fe; jdpy; thOk; fhyk;vd;Wjhd; Njhd;WkhNkh?

Nehahspahdkf;fs; nehbapdpy; kuzk; NeUk;

Ngajd; Ml;rpf; fhyk;gpusak; ele;jjd;Nwh?

thapy;yhg; g+r;rpahftijgl;Lf; fple;jkf;fs;

ehapYk; Nflha; Mdu;eufkha; Cu;fs;> mk;kh!

Nghujd; tLf;fs; fz;LGyk;gpLk; vd;jd; cs;sk;rPuijr; nra;thu; ,y;iy

nja;tj;ijNtz;bvd;d?NgUld; tho;e;jkf;fs;

ngUikapy; jpisj;jkf;fs;NtUld; rha;e;JNghdhu;

tpsf;fKk; Ntz;LkhNkh?

fy;ypdpy; vOj;Jg; Nghyfhz;fpd;w ,lq;fs; NjhWk;

nrhy;nyhzhtLf;fs; jk;ikRke;JNkepw;Fk; Cu;fs;gy;tpjf; fijfs; $Wk;

gbg;gtu;f;nfy;yhk; ehisey;yNjhu; tuyhwhFk;

ele;jijkwf;fyhNkh?

Nghupd; tLf;fs;

- thfiuthzd;


'kfDf;Fj;jhd; nfhOk;G tPl;il

vOjpf; nfhLj;J ,Uf;fpwk;. mJgbahiy

mg;ghd;iu nryTfs; vy;yhk; mth;jhd;

ghh;f;fpwJ"

'cq;fSf;F ,uz;L gps;isfs; kl;Lk;

jhNd"

cjl;bDs; Gd;difj;jhh;.

'mth; vq;if vd;id tpl;lhh;. ,Jfs;

,uz;Lk; jhd; %j;j ,uz;Lk;. ,jw;Fg;

gpd;dhiy ,d;Dk; ,uz;L" vy;yhk; xU

tUrtpj;jpahr gps;isas;"

'X" mg;gpbah? mit vq;if

,Uf;fpdk;?"

'mit Nehh;Ntapiy" gdpf;

FspUf;if" vd;wth; vd; kPJ Ngr;irj;

jpUg;gpdhh;.

'jk;gp vq;if?"

'ehd; nld;khh;f;fpiy. ,uz;L

gps;isfSk; jpUkzk; nra;J tpl;lhh;fs;.

,g;g yPTf;F CUf;Fg; Nghwd;"

'ePh; FLj;J itr;rdPh; jk;gp"

'ePq;fSk; jhNd mk;kh….”',y;yhl;b vd;iu gps;is te;J 1500

&gha; nfhLj;J vd;idf; $l;bf; nfhz;L

NghFNjh…”mthpd; fz;fs; gdpj;jd.

Nehh;Ntapy; kl;Lkpy;iy… nld;khh;f;

RtPld; Mfpa vy;yh ehLfspYk;

ehq;fSk; gdpf;FspUf;if #hpad;

vo Kjy; vOe;J… gdpf; FspUf;if

Ntiyf;Fg; Ngha;… #hpad; kiwe;j

gpd;G mNj gdpf;FspUf;if Ntiyahy;

jpUk;Gfpd;Nwhk; vd;gJjhd; cz;ik.

mg;gb ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ Nehh;Ntapy;

,Uf;Fk; ,thpd; gps;isfSf;F kl;Lk;

vd;d gpuj;jpNahfkhff; f];lk; vd;W vd;

kdk; nfhf;fpNghl;lJ.

MdhYk; miukzpNeug; gof;fj;jpDs;

mthpd; me;juq;f tplaj;jpy; cl;GFtJ

mt;tsT ehfhPfk; ,y;iy vd

nksdkhNdd;.

kPz;Lk; rpq;fsj;jpy; xypgug;G.

,e;j Kiw aho;g;ghzk; tTdpah

mDuhjGu Nghd;w nrhw;fs; te;J tUtJ

aho;Njtp vd cWjp nra;jJ.

”jk;gp ,e;j 1500 &gha; ngl;b vjpiy

tUk;?”'vy;yhk; 1500 &gha; jhd;. ePq;fs;

,q;if thq;Nfh mk;kh" vdj; jhahiu

mioj;Jf; nfhz;L %j;j kfd;fhud;

nrd;whd;.

Gifapujk; jdJ Ntfj;ij

gpshl;ghuj;jpy; Fiwj;j nghOJ>

midj;Jk; hpNrh;t; nra;ag;gl;l

rPw;Wfs; vdj; njhpe;Jk; gof;f Njh~k;

fhuzkhfg; gha;e;J Vwpdh; rpyh; -

mnkhpf;fhthy; te;jhYk; nrd;id

tpkhdepiya ,kpf;fpNurd; fTz;lhpy;

Kd;Df;Fr; nry;y ,bgLtJ Nghy.

vd;djhd; Ke;jp XbdhYk; ,d;dKk; ½

kzpNeuk; fopj;Jj;jhd; rhkhd; nghjpfs;

nghjpg;gl;bapy; tyk; tug; Nghfpd;wJ

vd mnkhpf;fhTf;F Vw;Wkjp nra;ag;gl;l

,e;j ,e;jpaUf;Fj; njhpahjh vd ehd;

tpag;gJz;L. gy jlitfs; ,Wjpahf

te;J ehd; Kjypy; vd; nghjpfSld;

ntspNa NghdJz;L.

ehDk; mf;fhTk;; MWjyhf aho;

NjtpapDs; Vwp vq;fs; Mrdj;jpy; Ngha;

mkh;e;J nfhz;Nlhk;.

fz;fs; me;j mk;khitj; JohtpaJ.

vq;fs; nfhk;ghl;nkd;w; ngl;bAs;

mtiuf; fhztpy;iy.

'me;j kDrpf;F nfhQ;rk; Rfkpy;iyg;

Nghiy” - ,J vd; mf;fh.

',y;iyaf;fh…mthpd; tho;f;iff;

fhyj;jpy; 1500&gha;f;F xU gTz;

jq;fk; thq;fp ,Ug;ghh;. VNjh xU

Nfhapypy; KOehs; jpUtpohit

elhj;jp Kbr;rpUg;ghh;. gpwF Nghh; mJ

,J gps;isfs; vd tho;f;if Kd;Nd

XbdhYk; mth; VNjh xU fhuzj;jhiy

mq;NfNa epw;fpwhh;”mf;fhtpw;F vd; jj;Jtq;fs; Ghpe;jNjh

,y;iyNah njhpahJ. MdhYk; ehd;

nrhd;dtw;iw MNkhjpg;gJ Nghyj;

jiyahl;bdhh;.

Gifapujk; Gwg;gl;lJ.

Kjd;ehs; ,uT gpe;jp te;jJ… ,d;W

mjpfhiyNa vOe;jJ… me;jf; fisf;F

aho;Njtpapd; jhyhl;L ,jkhf ,Ue;jJ.

fz;fs; jhdhf nrUf epidj;jhYk;

rpq;fsg;gFjpapd; tay;fs;… Fsq;fs;…

njd;id kuq;fs;…ghlrhiy nry;Yk;

gps;isfs;.. Njkhg;G+f;fSld; tpfhiu

fSf;Fr; nry;Yk; ngz;fs;…. ,th;fis

urpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy; vg;NghJk; vdf;F

myhjpg; gphpak;.


vdNt f];;lg;gl;L fz;fis %lhky;

gf;fj;Nj NghFk; gs;spj; Njhopiaf;

filf;fz;zhy; ghh;g;gJ Nghy fz;fisj;

jpwe;Jk; %bAk; tpopg;Gf;Fk; J}f;fj;jpw;Fk;

,ilapy; ntspNa ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;Nl

,Ue;Njd;.

rpq;fs Njrj;jpd; ,aw;if moF

khwhkNyNa ,Ue;jJ.

,t;thNw nfhf;FtpYk; ,ZtpYk;

tUk; nghOJ…. nrk;ghl;Lj; jiuapy;

,iwg;Gj; jz;zpNahLk; tha;f;fhy;fspd;

mUNfAs;s ghj;jpfspy; kjhspj;j

Gifapiyf; fd;Wfisg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;

vd kdk; Ntz;baJ.

,staJ tay; Fspg;ig epidj;J

kdk; Mde;jpj;jJ.

nghy;fhtiyiaj; jhz;bf; nfhz;L

,Ue;Njhk;.

'cdf;F grpf;ftpy;iyah?"

vdf;;Fk; grpf;FJ VjhtJ

Ntz;LNthk; vd;gJjhd; mjd; mh;j;jk;.

“ehd; ghh;j;J tUfpd;Nwd;” vd;W

vOe;J ,Uf;ifg; ngl;bfspD}L ele;J

nrd;Nwd;.

mjpfkhNdhh; jq;fSld; jq;fSf;fhd

fhiy czit vLj;J te;jpUe;jhh;fs;

NghYk;.

gps;isfSf;F gl;lUk; [hKk; G+rp

mofhf ntl;ba ghz; Jz;Lfs;… mg;gh mk;khf;F ,g;NghJk; thl;ba

thioapiyapy; Rw;wp te;j ,bag;gNkh…

Gl;Nlh ,wq;fpf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.

ehd; fd;hPid Nehf;fpg; NghNdd;.

mq;F Fsph;ghdq;fSk; gp];fl;Lfs;

kl;LNk ,Ue;jd.

rpWJ Vkhw;wkha; ,Ue;jJ.

MdhYk; mjid thq;fpf; nfhz;Nld;.

fhiyr; rhg;ghl;Lf;F nykd;gg;

gp];fl;Lk; ,Q;rpr;NrhlhTk; ([pQ;rh;gpah;)

N[hb NruhJ vdj; njhpe;Jk; thq;fpf;

nfhz;Nld;.

'cdf;Fg; gpbj;j khq;fha; Nghl;L

fUthl;Lf; Fok;G nra;J itf;fpd;Nwd;"

vdj; jq;if njhiyNgrpapy; nrhd;d

Nrhw;wpy; if eidf;Fk; tiu tapW vd;w

xd;W ,Uf;fpd;wNj vdf;F!

gazpfs; rhg;gpLk; ,lj;jpy;

nghpa nghpa ,iwr;rpj; Jz;LfSld;

Gj;jgpf;Ffs; nwhl;b rhg;gpl;Lf; nfhz;L

,Ue;jhh;fs;. xU fztDk; kidtpAk;

mth;fSf;F mjid gt;tpakhfg;

ghpkhwpf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;fs;.

fz;izAk; kdijAk; Fwpg;ghf

%f;ifAk; %bf;nfhz;L vd; ,Uf;iff;Fj;

jpUk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;.

,ilapy; cs;s ngl;bapy; me;j

mk;kh jdpj;J cl;fhh;e;jpUe;J rPdp Nghl;l

rq;fpyp gdpRk; NjePUk; gUfpf;nfhz;L

,Ue;jhh;.

gf;fj;J Mrdk; ntWikahf

,Ue;jJ.

'vdd jdpa ,Uf;fpwpas;?"

',y;iy.. Ngj;jp ,Ue;jth…

jhapl;ilg; Nghl;lh… ePh; ,jpiy ,Ukd;”mkh;e;J nfhz;Nld;.

'nfhQ;rj; Njj;jz;zp FbAkd;"

RLjz;zpg; Nghj;jYf;if ,Uf;FJ...

jhUq;fs; vd;w tpUg;gj;jpw;Fk;

Ntz;lhk; vd;w rq;Nfhrj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy;

nespe;Njd;.

'ePUk; vd;iu gps;isas; Nghiyj;

jhNd... FbAk;" vdj; NjePiuf; FtisAs;

Cw;wpdhh;.

mjpfhiyapy; ,Ue;J kdk; Vq;fpa

xd;W vjph;ghuhky; fpilj;jJ ,jkhf

,Ue;jJ.

'uhrh". ckf;F nld;khh;f;fpiy

vt;tsT tUk;?”nts;she;jp khdplg; gpwg;gplk; mJ.

nrhy;tjw;F ve;jj; jaf;fKk; ,Uf;f

tpy;iy.

tUkhd thp> tPl;Lthp mJ ,J

vd;W fopj;jhYk; kdprpf;Fk; vdf;Fk;

Nrh;j;J 2 my;yJ 3 kpQ;Rk;.

"mq;fj;ija ,uz;lhapuk; %th

apuNkh…”',y;iyak;kh ,q;fj;ija 2 my;yJ

3 ,yl;rk;"

mthpd; Kfk; kyh;e;jJ.

'cq;fil ngw;whh; Fk;gpl;l gyd;jhd;

uhrh mJ" mJjhd; cq;fSf;F ey;ytop

fhl;bapUf;FJ. ehDk; Ntyf;if

gps;isahUf;Fk; kUjbahDf;Fk; vd;iu

4 gps;isfSf;Fk; Nrh;j;J Fk;gpl;ldhd;.

mJ kl;Lkpy;iy kDrNdhil rz;il

gpbr;R ehY ehY gug;Gf; fhzpas; ,uz;L

NfhapYf;Fk; vOjp itr;rdhd;. jk;gpAk;

Vkhj;jpg; Nghl;lhh;. mz;zhTk; Vkhj;jpg;


Nghl;lhh;?...”xU epkplk; nksdk;.

'ahh; mz;zh? ahh; jk;gp??"

'kUjbahd; mz;zd;. Ntyf;if

gps;isahd; jk;gp" nfhOk;gpiy ,Uf;fp

wtDk; ,g;g Rtprhiy te;J vd;id

,e;j 1500 &gha; hpf;fw; vLj;J $l;bg;

NghwtSk;jhd; nfhQ;rk; ey;yha;

,Uf;FJfs;"

'Nehh;itapiy ,Uf;fpw kw;w 2

NgUk;?" Nfhl;ilapy; ehd; Nfl;ftpUe;j

Nfs;tpf;F kPz;Lk; vdf;F xU re;jh;g;gk;.

'mJfs; jk;gp... gpr;ir vLf;FJfs;”mthpd; fz;fspy; ,Ue;J nghy

nghy vd;W cjph;e;jJ.

ehd; mjph;e;J NghNdd;!

vq;NfNah xU gpio ele;jpUf;F vd

kdk; cWjpahfr; nrhd;dJ.

'Nehh;Ntapy; gpr;ir vLg;gjh?" vd;id

vd; kdk; tprhuiz nra;jJ.

gpd;gf;fk; ahNuh tUtJ Nghyj;

njhpe;jJ.

mthpd; Rtp]; kfs;.

'mz;zh Fiw epidahijAq;Nfh...

mk;kh ,g;gpbj;jhd; nfhQ;rk; fdf;f

fijg;gh….”'vdf;fJ tpsq;FJ jq;fr;rp... mthf;F

Nehh;Ntapiy 2 gps;isas; ,Uf;fpdNkh"

'Xk; mz;zh... mit Ngha;

,Ugj;ijQ;R Kg;gJ tUrk; Mr;R….

mk;kh Iahjhd; nrhj;Jgj;Jfis tpj;J

mitia mDg;gp itr;rit. gpwF

fy;ahzk; Ngrp mz;zpaitAk; mDg;gp

itr;rth. gpwF nfhQ;r ehisahiy

vd;id Rtprpiy ,Uf;fpw ,tUf;F

fypahzk; nra;J mDg;g mk;kh fhR

Nfl;L vOjpdth… 2 mz;zhkhUk;

mz;zpkhUk; 'ehq;fs; ,q;if gpr;ir

vLf;fpwk;. ePq;fs; jq;fr;rpia CUf;ifNa

fl;bf; nfhLq;Nfh" vdf; fbjk;

Nghl;lit…. mNjhiljhd; mk;khf;F

,g;gpb… rpyNeuk; vy;yhj;ijAk;

kwe;J Nghth…. Mdhy; mz;zhit

ey;yha;j;jhd; ,Uf;fpdk; vz;L

mwpQ;rdhd;. Mdhy; mk;kh ,g;gTk;

mit f~;l;lg;gbdk; vd;W ftiyg;gl;Lf;

nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwh”',e;j uhrhj;jpjhd; vd;id 1500

&gha; hpf;fw; vLj;J kUjbahdpl;ilAk;

Ntyf;if gps;isahhpl;ilAk; $l;bf;

nfhz;L Nghwhs;…”kPz;Lk; mth; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;NlapUf;f

ehd; vd;dplj;jpw;F jpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;.

,g;Ngh Gifapujk; mjpfkhf

Ml;LfpwJNghy ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

,d;urpw;wp hpf;fw;wpd; tpiy 1500 vd;w

Fuy; fl;lhak; ,dpf; nfhQ;rehl;fSf;F

vdf;F Nfl;L nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

,d;W khiyf;Fs; fl;lhak; KfE}ypy;

vd; gf;fk; md;idah; jpd tho;j;Jfshy;

epiwe;jpUf;Fk;.

nfhf;FtpYk; ,ZtpYk; tUk;

nghOJ... nrk;ghl;Lj; jiuapy;

Gifapiyf; fd;Wfis ghh;j;J vd; kdk;

FJ}fypf;FNkh njhpahJ.

',y;iyaf;fh" mthpd; tho;f;iff;

fhyj;jpy; 1500&gha;f;F xU gTz;

jq;fk; thq;fp ,Ug;ghh;. VNjh xU

Nfhapypy; KOehs; jpUtpohit

elhj;jp Kbr;rpUg;ghh;. gpwF Nghh; mJ

,J gps;isfs; vd tho;f;if Kd;Nd

XbdhYk; mth; VNjh xU fhuzj;jhiy

mq;NfNa epw;fpwhh;” vd mf;fhtpw;Fr;

nrhd;dij kdk; kPz;Lk; ,iukPl;bg;

ghh;f;fpd;wJ.

,uT kzp ,uz;bw;F te;jhYk;

vdf;fhf rf;fu ehw;fhypapy; fhj;jpUf;Fk;

mk;khtpd; epidTk; $lNt tUfpwJ.

'Vd; Kopr;R clk;igf; nfLf;fpwpas;"

'ehd; cdf;fhfNth Kopr;R ,Ue;j

dhd;. epj;jpiu tNuy;iy... mJjhd;

Nfhg;gpj; jz;zp Fbf;f te;jdhd;"

rf;fuehw;fhypAld; mth; jdJ

miwapDs; nry;fpd;whh;.

'jk;gpad; te;jpl;lhNdh?" ,J mg;gh.

'rj;jk; Nghlhky; gLq;Nfh" Vd;

Kopr;rpUe;jdhq;fs; vz;L Ngrg;Nghwhd;”fz;fs; fyq;fpd;wd.

mf;fh mjidf; fz;L nfhs;sh

kypUf;f ad;dy; Xuk; Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gpf;

nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

nykd;gg; gp];fl;Lk; ,Q;rp NrhlhTk;

mg;gbNa ,Uf;fpd;wd.

mmm


,Jtiu: ifyhrj;jpd; tpaj;jF

tdg;GfisAk; nja;tPfj; jd;ikapidAk;

Kjw;gFjpapy; Nehf;fpNdhk;. ahj;jpiuapd;

gpd;dzpia Nehf;fpagpd;du; - kiy

Naw;wg; gapw;rp kw;Wk; gpuahzj; Njit

fs; njhlu;e;jd.

ahj;jpiuapd; Muk;gf; fl;ljpidAk;

=Uj;u N`hkk; uf;~hge;jdk; mzpjy;

Mfpad njhlu;e;jd. md;iwa gRgjp

ehj; juprdk; vd;Wk; epidtpy; epw;Fk;.

md;iwa jpdk; fj;kz;L efu; mwpKfk;

Mde;jkhdJ. mLj;J> rPdj;Jr;

rpwg;Gfisr; Ritj;jthNw jpNgj;

ehl;Ls; gpuNtrpj;Njhk;. epahyj;jpy;

kiyNaw;wk; – Rthj;jpaj;jpw;Nfw;g

clk;ig ,zf;fg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;

gapw;rp epiwTw;wJ.

[_iy 18: mjpfhiy MW kzpf;Nf

vOe;J fhiyf; fld;fis Kbj;jgpd;du;

fhiy Voiu kzpastpy; fhiy czT

Maj;jkhdJ. nuhl;bAld; Njidj;jltp

mUe;jpNdd;. vdJ cly;epiy Kw;

whf ed; epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gtpy;iy.

gpuahzj;Jf;F VJk; jilapd;wp ,Uf;f

Ntz;b ,iwtidg; gpuhu;j;jpj;j tz;

zNk ,Ue;Njd;. khj;jpiufSk; cjtpd.

vjw;Fk; g;uhg;jk; Ntz;Lk; – mtd; mUs;

Ntz;Lk;. fpilf;Fk; vd;w ek;gpf;if

,Ue;jJ.

nghjpfis vy;yhk; Vw;wpagpd;>

NgUe;J fpsk;gg; gj;jiu kzpahfptpl;lJ.

Kjypy; epahyj;jpypUe;J Nkw;F

jpNgj; Nehf;fpa kpfTk; Vw;wkhd ghij.

fpof;Nf Nehf;fpg; NghFk; ghij jpngj;jpa

jiyefu; yhrhit (Lhasa) Nehf;fpr;

nry;Yk;. 5124 kPw;wu; cauKs;s ‘yhYq’ vd;Dkplk;tiu ey;y Vw;wkhd NgUe;Jg;

gpuahzk;. topapy; “rp~gq;f;fk” vd;w

8000 kPw;wUf;F Nky; cauKs;s kiy

gue;j ntspfSf;F NkNy fk;gPukhfj;

Njhw;wkspj;jJ. njhlu;e;Jk; Rw;wtu

vq;Fk; mofpa kiyf;fhl;rpfs;. gpukGj;uh

ejpiaf; fle;jgpd;> ,g;ghij ‘rhfh’ (Saga) vd;Dkplj;ij Nehf;fpf; fPNo ,wq;Fk;.

topapy; (epahyj;jpypUe;J gjpndhU

fpNykPw;wu; njhiytpy;) Kf;fpakhdnjhU

jyj;ijAk; fz;Nlhk;. mJjhd; cyfg;

Gfo; ngw;w jpngj;jpa Qhdp kpywPg;gh

jpahdj;jpypUe;j Fif. ,e;j Nahfpiag;

gw;wp Vw;nfdNt XusT mwpe;jikahy;>

,e;jg; Gdpj ];jyj;ijg; ghu;f;f NkYk;

Mty; Nkypl;lJ.

kpywPg;gh jpngj;jpa fyhrhuj;Js;

,uz;lwf; fyf;fgl;ltu;. mtu; kdpj

Fyj;jpd; Md;kPf Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhf

vz;zw;w ,ilA+Wfisr; re;jpf;f

Neupl;lJ. mtuJ rupjk; kpf kpf ePz;lJ.

kpywPg;gh gpwe;j tUlk; 1052. ,tuJ


,aw;ngau; ‘njhghfh’ (,jd; mu;j;jk;:

‘Nfl;f ,dpikahdJ’). ,tuJ FLk;gk;

fk;gsp gUj;jp tpw;gidahsu; – ,jdhw;

NghYk;> gpd;du; kpy-wPg;gh vd;w fhuzg;

ngau; nfhz;lhu;. (kpy vd;why; gUj;jp>

cil mzpe;j). FLk;gg; gpur;rpidfs;

kpFe;jjhy;> mtu; NtwplQ;nrd;W jdJ

,dpikahd ghl;Lj; jpwikapdhy;

Cjpak; ngw;W> jdpj;J tho;e;jhu;. gpd;

du; yhkh (Qhdp) xUtiur; re;jpj;J

Md;kPf rf;jpfshy; ftug;gl;L> jpahd

khu;f;fj;jpy; tho;ehis tFj;jhu;. rf;jp

kpF Ntjhe;jp. QhdpAk; jpngj;jpa

nkhopngau;g;ghsUkhd khu;g;gh vd;g

tupd; topapy; fye;J> ngsj;j Md;kpf

rpe;jidfisf; fw;W mDgtpj;J neL

ehisf;Fg; gpd; (1135y;) Qhdepiy

va;jpdhu;.

Fiff;F ntspNa epd;W ghu;j;jhy;>

Rw;wtu mjp cau;e;j kiyf;nfhj;Jf;fs;>

fPNo xU ejp. ngy;fNa ypq;(Pelgye Ling) vdg; ngaUs;s tpfhiu/klhyak;/jpahd

kz;lgk;. cs;Ns me;j Qhdp jpahdj;

jpypUe;j Fif> mtuJ mbr;RtL

Mfpatw;iwg; ghu;itapl;lgpd;> jpahd

kz;lgj;Jf;Fg; Ngha; rpwpJ Neuk;

jpahdj;jpy; <Lgl;Nlhk;. Rtu;fspy;

tiuag;gl;l Xtpaq;fs; gy ,e;jpa gz;

ghl;ilNa gpujpgypg;gd. mk;ghs; (=P

Njtp) xd;Wk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;jj; nja;tk;

fhty; nja;tkhff; fUjg;gLk;. Rtu;fspy;

tiuag;gl;bUe;j rpj;jpuq;fisg; ghu;j;J

mwpe;Jnfhs;sg; gy kzp Neukhfyhk;.

“Xk; kzpgj;Nk`{k;” vd;Dk; ke;jpue;jhd;

n[gk; Nghy rjh cr;rupf;Fk; ke;jpukhk;.

,e;jpah kPJ jpngj;jpau; nfhz;Ls;s

mgpkhdj;Jf;Ff; fhuzk; mq;F vLj;Jr;

nry;yg;gl;l ngsj;j kjNkahk;. Gj;j

kjj;jpd; mjp rpwe;j mk;rq;fnsy;yhk;>

rupj;jpu fhyj;Jf;F Ke;jpa ,e;J kjj;ijr;

rhu;e;jitNa vd;gij ehk; epidtpw;

nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

ntspNa$l> $iuapy; Nty;Nghd;w

cUtr;rpiyAk;> ee;jpfs; Nghd;w ,U

rpiyfSk; fhzg;gl;ld (glj;ijg;

ghu;f;f). ,e;J-ngsj;j cwTf;F ,JTk;

xU cjhuzNkh vd;w rpe;jid vdJ

kdijf; fpswpaJ.

ntspNa tUk;NghJ> VWk; gbfspy;

jpNgj;jpar; rpWtu; Gd;difAld; kfpo;r;rp

MuthuQ;nra;J vk;ik tuNtw;gJNghy;

fhl;rpaspj;jdu;. mtu;fs; Rw;Wyhg;

gazpfSf;Fg; gof;fg; gl;ltu;fs;

NghYk;. vk;ktu; rpyu; ,jidj; njupe;J

itj;Jf;nfhz;L> yz;ld; rhf;Nyl;

nfhLj;J mtu;fisj; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jpdu;.

jpUk;gp tUk;NghJ njd;gl;l xU

fhl;rpiaAk; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;s mth. vk;%upy;

Kd;du; cgNahfpj;jJ Nghd;w tpuhl;bfs;

fw;Rtu;fs; Nky; fha itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

,it mq;F ngUthupahf tsu;f;

fg;gLk; fhl;nlUikfspd; rhzj;jp

ypUe;J jahupf;fg;gl;lit. tUlk;

G+uhTk;> vupnghUshf cgNahfpf;f ,J

kpy

wPg;gh

Fi

ff;F

NkNy

Nt

y; N

ghd

;w r

piy

kpy

hwPg;gh

cU

t X

tpa

k;


cgNahfpf;fg;gLk;. mjdJ ghy; Fbf;

fTk; NjePUf;Fk;> nea; jahupf;fTk;>

mjdJ khkprk; czthfTk; gad;gLk;.

cNuhkk; kpf ePz;ljhAs;sjhy;> cilfs;

jahupf;fTk; cgNahfg;gLk;.

<oj;J aho;thrpfSf;Fg; gidkuk;

vt;thW fw;gfjU Nghyg; gad;gLNkh

mt;thNw jpngj;jpau;f;F fhl;nlUik

gad;gLk; NghYk;. NkYk; ,J gw;wp

gpd;ndhU gFjpy; ftdpg;Nghk;.

jpngj;jpa Fbirfs; ngUk;ghYk;>

fy;yhYk; kz;zhYk; fl;lg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

$iuf;F kuk; Fr;rp Nghl;L fspkz;zhy;

%bapUf;fpd;wdu;. ,d;Dk; rpyu;> kiyr;

rhuypy; Fif Nghd;W Fop ntl;b trpg;gu;.

Mdhy;> jw;fhyj;jpy;> rPdhtpd; Ml;rp

apy;> gy fw;fshyhd Rtu;fs;> jfuf;

$iufs; $ba fl;blq;fs; vOe;jtz;zk;

,Ug;gijAk; fhzf;$bajapUe;jJ.

topneLq;fpYk; gpuhu;j;jidf; nfhb

fs; gwg;gJ ru;t rhjhuzk;.

njhlu;e;J NgUe;J ]hfh (Saga) Nehf;fpg; gazpj;J Mwiu kzpastpy;

]hfh tpLjpia mile;jJ.

]hfh (jpngj;jpa nkhopapy; ‘re;Njh~

efu;|) ahj;jpuPfUf;F Kf;fpakhdnjhU

jupg;gplkhFk;.

,J rPdg; Nghu; rpg;gha; efuk; vdTk;

Fwpf;fg;gLk;. vq;F jpUk;gpdhYk; Nghu;r;

rpg;gha;fNsh my;yJ mtu;fsJ

muz;fNsh Njhw;wkspf;Fk;.

gpukGj;uh ejp ,e;j efuj;ijr;

Rw;wpAs;sJ.

,e;j ]hfh N`hl;lypy;

ehy;tUf;F xU jq;Fkplk; vDk;

gpukhzj;jpy; trjp jug;gl;lJ.

cupathW nra;aNtz;ba eil

Kiw xOq;Ffis Kiwg;

gLj;jp clikfisr; rupghu;j;J

tpl;L rw;Nw ,isg;ghwpNdhk;.

tuNtw;G Kfg;gpy; vdJ

ngUkjpg;Gf;Fupa mUshsu;

rw;FU [f;fp thRNjt; mtu;fspd;

gjhif Njhw;wkspj;jJ Mr;

rupakhAk; re;Njh~khAkpUe;jJ.

gpd;du; ez;gu; RthkpAld;

filj;njU nrd;W NkYk; rpy

Kf;fpa nghUl;fis thq;fpNdhk;.

,j;jUzk; njhiyNgrpj; njhlu;G

mwNt ,y;yJ Ngha;tpl;lJ.

ifiyapy; mjp cauj;jpy; nry;Yk;NghJ

gpuhzthAf; Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;glf;$ba

Rthrf; f~;lq;fisr; rkhspf;Fk;

nghUl;Lg; gyUk; gpuhzthAf;fyd;fs;

Njit vdg; gjw;wg;gl;ldu;. fw;fz;L>

thjhk; gUg;G Nghd;w rpy rpW jpd;

gz;lq;fs;> Kd;Ndw;ghlhff; ifapw;

nfhz;L nry;yf;$ba gpuhzthAf;

fyq;fs; Mfpad filapy; thq;fpatw;wpy;

cs;slq;fpd.

njUf;fs; gy jpUj;j Ntiyfshy;

elg;gjw;F ,ilA+whfNt ,Ue;jd. kio

Aq;$l ,e;j cghijiag; ngUf;fpd.

njhlu;e;J ele;J nry;tJ crpjkhdjhfj;

njupatpy;iy. vdNt tpLjpf;Fj;

jpUk;gpNdhk;.

md;iwa nghOJ ,dpNj G+uz

khfpaJ.

(‘fz;Nld; ifyhrk;’ tsUk;)

mmm


Gy

k;nga

u;;e

;j v

];.n

gh.T

k;

Gy

k;nga

h;e

;j r

pkke

;jhT

k;

mh;j;jk; nghjpe;j tho;f;if

tho cwTfs; mtrpakhdit.

cwTfspy; tpupry; Vw;gLfpwNghJ

tho;f;if mh;j;jkw;wjhfptpLfpwJ.

,uj;j cwTfspy; Vw;gLk; tpupry;

Vida cwTfspy; Vw;gLk;

tpupry;fis tplTk; mjpf

kdj;jhf;fj;ijj; jUgitahf

,Ug;gpDk; rhjp> kj> ,d uPjpahd

xJf;fy;fSk; mlf;FKiwfSq;

$l tho;f;ifapd; mh;j;jj;ijf;

Nfs;tpf; Fwpahf;fp tpLfpd;wd.

,j;jifa xJf;fy;fSf;F>

mlf;F KiwfSf;F mQ;rpAk;>

gRik NjbAk; Gyk;ngah;fpwth;fs;

From the frying pan into the fire vd;fpw

epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLfpwNghJ

mth;fs; gPdpf;]; gwitfshf

vOe;J epd;W gilf;Fk; ,yf;fpak;

Gyk;ngah;e;Njhh; gilg;Gfshf

kpsph;fpd;wd.

Qhdk; njhFj;jspj;j Gyk;ngah;

,yf;fpak; iff;F te;J NrUk; ehis

ehd; MtYld; vjph;ghh;j;jpUe;Jk;

mJ te;J Nrh;e;j Ntis vd;idf;

fth;e;j Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vd;w fUg;gpdg; ngz; vOj;jhsupd;

ehtyhd Americanah tpy; ehd; %o;fp

,Ue;jikahy; gy ehl;fshf nghjp

(parcel) gpupf;fg;glhkNy ,Ue;jJ.

toikNghy; gbj;Jf; fpopf;Fk;

gof;fk; fhuzkhf vdJ Ngh;j;jp

mQ;rdh ghh;riyf; nfhQ;rkhff;

fpopj;jpUe;Jk; $l.

,q;Nf rpwpjsT jlj;ij khw;w

Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. ,e;jj; jl khw;wj;

Jf;Fk; vdJ jLkhw;wj;Jf;Fk; vt;

tpj njhlh;Gkpy;iynad;gJ v];.

ngh.tpd; fijFwpj;J ehd; NgRk;

NghJ njupatUk;. mQ;rdh mtsJ

jha; je;ijah; itj;jpah;fshf

,Ue;Jk;> vd;idNa \nlhf;lh;| vd;W

miof;fpwhs;. \fjitj; jpw| vd;

gjw;Fg; gjpyhf \fjitg; G+l;Lk;|

vd;Wk; \jz;zp jhq;f| vd;gjw;Fg;

gjpyhf \jz;zp Fbq;f| vd;Wk;

koiy NgRk; kpf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l

mtsJ nrhy; mfuhjpapy; \nlhf;lh;|

vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;d vd;gJ

vdf;Fg; Guptjpy;iy. mtsJ cwT

vd;idg; gutrj;jpy; Mo;j;JfpwJ.

mtsJ gpQ;Rliyj; jOTk;NghJ

vdJ kdr;Rik gQ;RNghyhfpwJ.

mijtpl ,d;Ndhh; mw;GjKk; ,q;Nf

epfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ. njhz;Z}wpy; vk

jpy;yk; ngUk;ghd;ikapdj;ijr;

Nrh;e;j topjg;gpa rpyupdhy;

vupA+l;lg;gl;l gpd;dUk; ,g;

nghOJ gps;isfspd; njhopy;

epkpj;jk; ehk; thliff;fpUf;Fk;

tPl;bd; cupikahsh;fshd

rpq;fsth;fNshL vk;khy; xl;b

cwthl KbfpwJ. fle;j rpj;jpiug;

Gj;jhz;bd;NghJ tPl;Lf;fhug;

ngz;kzp jdJ nrhe;jr; nrytpy;

mQ;rdhTf;nfd mTWJFkhup


cLg;Gk; ePl;Lg; ghthil rl;ilAk;

ijj;Jf; nfhLj;jpUe;jhh;.

rpkke;jhtpd; ehtiy thrpj;J Kbj;J

Qhdj;ijf; ifapnyLj;J xU rpy

fl;Liufis thrpj;j gpd;dh; mz;ikapy;

M];jpNuypahtpy; fhykhd vOj;jhsh;

v];.ngh.tpd; guk ,urpfdhf thypg

tajpy; ,Ue;j vd;dhy; mtuJ rpW

fijfahd Adieu it thrpf;Fk; Mtiyf;

fl;Lg;gLj;j KbahJ Nghapw;W.

,UtuJ fijfSf;FkpilNa eht

Yf;Fk; rpWfijf;Fkhd mZFKiw

NtWghL jtph;e;j Vida NtWghL

fSkpUg;gpDk; Americanah ehtypd;

gpujhd ghj;jpukhd (chief Character) ,sk;

ngz;Zf;Fk; Adieu tpy; tUk; gpujhd

ghj;jpukhd KjpatUf;Fk; ,ilNa

,Uf;Fk; xUtpj xw;Wik nghJthd

mk;rkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. Both the chief characters are thoroughly disillusioned with their lives abroad. ,UtUNk mf;fiu

gr;ir vd;w khia ePq;fpr; nrhe;j ehL

jpUk;Gfpd;wdh;.

rpkke;jhtpd; Xtpaj;jpiu (Canvas) tprhykhdJ. gy ghj;jpuq;fisAk;

gw;gy rk;gtq;fisAk; mJ rpiwg;

gLj;JfpwJ. rk;ke;jh mnkupf;fg;

gy;fiyf;fofnkhd;wpy; fy;tpapayhs

uhfg; gzpahw;Wgth;. mtuJ ehtypd;

fjhehafpahd ,/ngnkY ie[Pupah

tpypUe;J ngw;NwhiuAk; fhjyidAk;

tpl;Lg; gpupe;J gRik ehb mnkupf;fhitr;

nrd;wilfpwhs;. ,d xJf;fy; (racial discrimination) vd;gNj mnkupf;fhtpy;

fpilanjdTk; me;j thh;j;ijfNs

mgj;jkhdit vd;Wk; rhjpf;Fk; nts;is

aupilNa epyTk; ,d xJf;fy; mnkupf;f

Mgpupf;fh;fisAk; Gyk;ngah;e;j

Mgpupf;fh;fisAk; vt;thW ghjpf;fpwJ

vd;gij ,/ngnkYtpd; mDgtq;f@

lhf njl;lj; njspthff; fhl;Lfpwhh;

rpkke;jh. Ntiy NjbaiyAk; ,/

ngnkY Ntiy jUk; nts;isad;

xUtdhy; mrpq;fg;gLj;jg;gl;l mUtUg;

gpdhy; fhjyDldhd njhlh;gpid mWj;

njwpe;Jtpl;L me;j Mo;kdf; fhaj;JlDk;

gy Jd;gq;fs; mtkhdq;fSf;$lhfTk;

mnkupf;fhtpy; jdJ tho;f;ifia ];jpug;

gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhYk; me;j tho;f;if

mtSf;Ff; fre;J NghfpwJ. mLj;jLj;j

gy;ypd Mz; cwTfSk; G+uz jpUg;jp

iaj; juhj epiyapy; mtw;iw mWj;

njwpe;J Vw;nfdNt jpUkzkhd jdJ

Kjw; fhjyhdJ epidTfisAk; nrhe;j

ehl;Lg; gw;iwAk; neQ;rpy; Rke;j tz;zk;

jha;ehL jpUk;Gfpwhs; ,/ngnkY.

xghkh gw;wpa ngUkpjk; jw;fhypfkhf

Mde;jf; fz;zPiur; rpe;j itg;gpDk;

fUg;gpdj;jtupd; typfs; epue;jukhdit

vd;gij mofhfr; rpj;jupf;fpwJ

rpkke;jhtpd; ehty;.

rpWfij FWfj; jwpj;j Fws; Nghd;wJ.

ehtiyg; Nghd;W mfd;w Xtpaj; jpiuapy;

tz;zf; fyitfis tpUk;gpathW

thupapiwf;Fk; Rje;jpuk; rpWfijahrpup

aDf;Ff; fpilahJ. v];.ngh.tpd; rpW

fij M];jpNuypahtpy; jQ;rk; GFe;j

,yq;ifauhd guepUgrpq;fk; M];jpNuypa

kz;iz ntWj;J jdJ thupRfisAk;

Jwe;J cwtpduy;yhj ghyhtpd; Jiz

Ald; tpkhd epiyakile;J mq;Nf

jhkjKw;w ,yq;iff;fhd tpkhdj;Jf;

fhff; fhj;jpUf;Fk; Ntisapy; ,U

ghj;jpuq;fSf;FkpilNa gpah; (beer) mUe;jpathNw ele;j ciuahlY}lhfTk;

rpq;fj;jhh; gw;wpa ghyhtpd; kjpg;gPl;bD}

lhfTk; efh;fpwJ.

rpq;fj;jhh; nfhOk;gpy; rPUQ; rpwg;Gkhf

tho;e;j gNuhgfhup. Njh;jypy; A+.vd;.

gPf;fhuh;fSf;fhf mth;fs; gbj;jth;fs;

ey;yth;fs; vd ek;gp XbNahb

cioj;jth;. mjw;Fg; gupfhukhfj;jhNdh

vd;dNth> \,e;jr; rpq;fs mWthd;fs;

,g;gpb mepahak; nra;thq;fnsz;L

rhj;jpuk; ghh;f;fpwNj..... 1983 mkspapiy

mtq;fs;jhNd Jbf;fj; Jbf;fr;

rj;jpahitf; nfhz;ltq;fs;. vd;iu

fhupiy ,Ue;j ngw;Nwhiy vLj;J

Cj;jpay;Nyh mtis vupr;rtq;fs|>

vd;W mth; Gyk;g Neh;fpwJ.

rpq;fj;jhh; Foe;ijg; gps;isiag;

Nghyg; ghJfhj;j mtuJ md;G kidtp

rhe;jp nfhiyAz;l gpd;dUq;$l

ehl;il tpl;L ntspNaWk; vz;zk;


mtUf;F te;jjpy;iy. rj;jpah

vg;NghNjh ntspapl;l Mirf;fpzq;f

mtsJ rNfhjudJ kfidj; jdJ xNu

kfshd epk;kpf;Ff; fl;b itj;J ntF

rpukj;jpd; kj;jpapy; M];jpNuypahTf;F

mDg;gp itf;fpwhh;. mtuJ xNu kfd;

yz;ldpy; gbf;Fk;NghJ fhjypy; tpOe;J

kzk; Kbj;J kidtpapd; cwtpduJ

epge;jidf;fpzq;f fdlhtpy; tho;fpwhd;.

\ce;jr; rpq;fs cYj;jd;fs; vd;iu

mk;khit gl;lg;gfypiy> eLNwhl;biy

itr;Rf; nfhd;WNghl;L> nfhs;spAk;

itr;rtq;fs;. ctq;fNshil vq;fSf;F

vg;gTk; rupg;gl;LtuhJ..... jq;fr;rpiaAk;

cq;fisAk; sponsor nra;J vLg;gpf;fpwJ vd;iu Nehf;fk;|| vd;w mtdJ gpbthjk;

fhuzkhfNt “migrate gz;z Ntz;Lk;

vz;l Mir epkpf;Fk; te;jJ.||

gps;isfs; Gyk;ngau ,uj;j

cwitj; Njbg; Gyk;ngau Ntz;ba

eph;g;ge;jk; rpq;fj;jhUf;Fk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

M];jpNuypahtpy; njhopiyAk; <l;bf;

nfhz;L kfSlDk;> kUkfDlDk;

Ngug; gps;isAlDk; tho;fpw mtuJ

tho;f;ifapy; ehsiltpy; kdk;tpl;Lg;

NghfpwJ.

rpkke;jhtpd; ehtiyg;Nghy ntspg;

gilahf ve;j ,lj;jpYk; nts;isaupd;

,d xJf;fy; Nghf;fpid v];.ngh.tpd;

fij fhl;ltpy;iy. This land is not for me vd ,ilapilNa rpq;fj;jhh; $wpdhYk;>

kiwKfkhfNt nts;isah;fsJ kdg;

ghq;if ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. “Sri Lanka Tamil" vd;why; mbgl;L cijgl;L te;jit

vd;w mDjhgKk; rpyUf;F ,Uf;F.... xU

nts;isf;fhud; vt;tsT tbth vq;fil

Problem fis analyse gz;zpr; nrhd;dtd;

njupAkh?|| vd;W mth; nrhy;tijAk;

'xU tUrk; Ntiy nra;Jk; mJtiu

xUj;jNuhilAk; fe;Njhh; mYtiyj;

jtpu Ntiw xd;Wk; fijf;Nfy;iy||

vd;W $WtijAk; itj;Jg; ghh;f;Fk;

NghJ nts;isah; mDjhgk; fhl;bdhYk;

mutizf;fj; jahuhf ,y;iy vd;Nw

mh;j;jg;gLj;jj; Njhd;WfpwJ.

rpq;fj;jhUf;F nts;isah;kPJ vt;tpj

NfhgKkpy;iy. jk;ikg; gw;wpg; ngupJk;

myl;bf; nfhs;shj nts;isaiuj; jh[h

nra;tjw;fhf vk;kth; vt;tsT J}uk;

jkJ Raj;ijAk;> Ra nfsutj;ijAk;

,of;fj; jahuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gNj

mtuJ Mjq;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ghyhtpd;

fzpg;Gg;gb vtiuAk; vg;nghOJNk

jho;thf Nehf;fhj rpq;fj;jhh;> ghyhTld;

ciuahLk;NghJ vk;ktupd; elj;ij

Fwpj;Jj; jpl;bj; jPh;f;fpwhh;.

$l;Lf; FLk;gj;ijr; rpijf;f KaYk;

epk;kpapd; nraw;ghLfs; rpq;fj;jhupd;

,jaj;ij uzfskhf;Ffpd;wd. fpl;l

,Ue;Jk; vl;lhj J}uj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; mtuJ

Nguf;Foe;ijAldhd ghrg; gpizg;Gf;Ff;

fhuzkhf mikAk; mtsJ elj;ij

mtsJ Vida nraw;ghLfisAk; tpl

Nkhrkhf mtiuj; jhf;FfpwJ.

mtUf;Fk; mtuJ ghl;ldhUf;FkpilNa

,Ue;j neUf;fk; Fwpj;j mtuJ epidTfs;

mtiu miyf;fopf;fpd;wd. \rhzff;

flfj;ijj; jiyapy; itj;J tho;f;ifia

vjph;nfhz;lth; mg;G. ituhf;fpakhd

cs;sk;: itukhd clk;G..... mtUf;Fr;

rpz; Nghy ehd;!..... xU jlit ,f;fpup

Ks;Sf; Fj;jpg; Nghl;Lnjz;L moj;

Jtq;fpNdd;;. vd;idj; J}f;fp ,Lg;gpiy

itr;Rf; nfhz;L Fdpahky; fhyhy vj;jp>

gdq;fha;fisf; ifapy; gpbr;R> jiyapy;

,Ue;j flfj;jpy; NghLw tbT.... fkyh

rh;f;f];fhudhYk; ,ijr; nra;NayhJ....

mtUf;Ff; $o; ciwg;Gk;> Gspg;Gk;

Rs;spl ,Uf;f NtZk;. mtupd;iu

gyhtpiyapyjhd; ehDk; Fbg;gd; vz;L

rz;il NghLtd;....mth; gUf;iffis

vy;yhk; #g;gp> ciwg;G ePf;fp vdf;Fj;

jPj;Jthh;.... me;j ,d;gk;. vd; mg;G

vd;id tsh;j;jJ Nghy vd; NguDf;F

ehd; mg;Gthf ,Ue;J tsh;j;njLf;f

Ntz;Lk;.||

'vj;jid ,dpikahd epidTfis

nay;yhk; ,e;j neQ;rpNy Rke;J nfhz;L

mT];NuypahTf;F te;Njd;||. rpq;fj;jhupd;

me;j Mirfs; epiwNtwNtapy;iy.

me;j ehL je;j ntFkjp mJ.

'vq;fil tpUg;gj;Jf;Fg; gps;isais

tsh;f;f Mh; tpUk;Gfpdk;? mit

gps;isia Four dollars per hour gb

xU Australian lady baby sitter upl;ilf;

nfhz;LNgha; tpLfpdk;.... tPl;biy


Foe;ijNahl nfhQ;rpdhy;..... fuNdhil

,q;fpyPrpiy fijAq;Nfh vz;L

nrhy;Ywhs; kfs;.... fud; ey;y Ngh;.

nts;isf;fhud; $g;gplr; RfkhapUf;Fk;....

vy;yhNk nts;isf;fhud; tpUk;gpw khjp

upNa nra;a Ntz;Lk;.||

\,yq;if kwe;J Nghr;R. G+h;tPfk; kwe;J

Nghr;R. Nky; Nyhfj;jpy; ,Ue;J> ‘njhg;| ngd;W ,q;if tPo;e;Jtpl;lit Nghyjhd;

fijas;.... ,e;j vLg;GfSk; investment fNsh?.... ,dp vd;dhiy jhq;fNfyhJ.....

I can’t also be a hypocrite. mT];NuypahTf;F

goodbye nrhy;Yk; NghJ vy;yhj;ijAk;

Nghl;L cilf;fpwJjhd; vd;iu kdRf;Fk;

ey;yJ||

vy;yhtw;iwAk; Nghl;L vg;gb

cilf;fpwJ vd;gjpNyjhd; fjhrpupaupd;

iftz;zk; njupfpwJ. rpq;fj;jhupd;

gzj;ijf; nfhz;Nl mT];jpNuypahtpy;

tPL thq;fpapUe;Jk;> NkYk; gy

cjtpfs; ngw;wpUe;Jk; mtuJ kfs;

jdJ kfid mtiu neUq;f tplhJ>

mth; tpUk;gpa czit cz;z tplhJ.

mth; tpUk;Gk; tho;f;ifia mDgtpf;f

tplhJ mtiu cjhrPdk; nra;fpwhs;.

mt;tsT J}uk; M];jpNuypah mtis

mbikg;gLj;jpapUf;fpwJ. me;j Ntj

idiaj; jhq;f KbahJ mth; M];jp

NuypahTf;F nrhy;fpwhh;.

MapDk; vd;djhd; kfd;Nghy

epidj;jhYk; ,uj;j cwtpy;yhj ghyh

tplk; mth; kfisf; fhl;bf; nfhLf;f

tpUk;gtpy;iy. fijapd; Muk;gj;jpy;

(ghyh) mtUila tPl;Lf;Fg; Ngha;j;jhd;

mtiuj; jd;Dila fhupy; Vw;wpatd;>

mtUila kfSk; rz; ,d;NyhTk;

fjTf;F ntspNa te;J ifiaf;

fhl;bdit> Ngrtpy;iy|| vd kfSf;Fj;

je;ijAld; ,Ue;j xl;Lwtpd; rPj;Jtj;ijf;

Nfhb fhl;ba fjhrpupah;> rpq;fj;jhh;

ghyhTld; NgRk;NghJ epk;kp jhd; ehl;il

tpl;L ntspNaWtjw;fhd %yfhuzk;

vd;gij ntspg;gLj;jhJ kiwg;gjw;F

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; gpuaj;jdj;ijf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.

vdpDk; fijapy; tUk; xU ghj;jpukhff;

fUjf;$ba gpah; mtiuf; Fg;Gwf;

ftpo;j;JtpLfpwJ. Nghij mtiur;

rLjpahf cilj;JtpLfpwJ. “vy;yhk;

Nt~e;jhd;. vt;tsitf; nfhLj;jd;?....

mJTk; cts; epk;kpf;Ff; nfhLj;jij

mq;if aho;g;ghzj;jpy; f~;lg;gLfpw

rdq;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jpUe;jhy;> filrp

fhyj;jpy; xU tha;f; fQ;rp vz;lhYk;

ghrj;Njhl je;jpUg;ghq;fs;... ,dp ehd;

kiwf;Nfy;y. cd;u tPl;Lf;F te;jhj;jhd;

ehd; tapW epiwa NrhW fwp rhg;gpLwJ....

vy;yhk; Hypocrisy.... ey;y tpiyapiy xU

leather lounge thq;fpg; Nghl;bUf;fpdk;.

mjpiy jd;iu #j;ij itr;Rj; Nja;f;f

vg;g xU nts;isf;fhud; tUthndz;L

fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpdk;... mtd; vg;g

tUthd;?||

mtuJ Mjq;fj;jpy; vk;ktupd; Nghf;F

kl;Lkd;wp nts;isad; vk;ktNuhL xl;b

cwthlg; Nghtjpy;iy vd;gJk; njupfpwJ.

ntspNaw Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw rpq;fj;jhupd;

cWjpg;ghLk; njupfpwJ.

fdlhtpy; ,Uf;Fk; kfNshL mth;

Ngha; ,Ug;gNj ey;yJ vd;W ghyh

nrhy;Yk; NghJ> “ey;y khl;Lf;F xU

#L! fdlhtpYk; xU fud; cUthfpf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;" vd;W gjpy; $Wk;

rpq;fj;jhupd; tpuf;jp Gyk; ngah;e;Njhh;

ahtuJ epiyAk; ,Jjhd; vd;W

fhl;LfpwJ.

jha;ehL jpUk;gj; jahuhFk; rpq;fj;jhh;

‘gpwe;j nghd; ehL ew;wt thdpYk; edp

rpwe;jJ| vd;W nrhy;ytpy;iy. “jk;gp> ghyh rpq;fstq;fNshL rz;il gpbr;Rf;

nfhz;L tho;wjpiy xU mh;j;jk; cz;L|

Rth;f;fj;jpy; mbikahf ,Uf;fpwjpYk;

ghh;f;f kahdf; fiuapy; kdpjdha;

tho;wJ Nky;| vz;L md;iwf;F mk;gp

nrhd;dtd; mh;j;jk; tpsq;FNjh?||

cupikf;fhfg; Nghuhbf; nfhz;NlDk;

nrhe;j ehl;bNy tho;jNy rpwe;jJ vd;w

fUj;ijNa v];.ngh.tpd; fij typ

AWj;JfpwJ.

,Jtiu gz;gl;l vOj;jhsh; v];.

ngh.tpd; Fuiyf; Nfl;Nlhk;. Vida

Gyk;ngah;e;j Mf;f ,yf;fpafhuupd;

fUj;ijAk; mwpa Ntz;lhkh? kyiu

thrpAq;fs;.

mmm


kz;Zk; kfhDk;

mJ xU rpwpa Cu;. mq;F gy ,d

kf;fSk; tho;fpwhu;fs;. xUehs; jpBnud

xU kfhd; me;j Cupy; Njhd;wpdhu;.

me;j kfhidg; gw;wp me;j Cupy;

cs;stu;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; njupAk;.

mtiur; rpiy tbtpy; me;j Cu;kf;fs;

fz;bUf;fpwhu;fNs jtpu> mtiu ,Jtiu

ahUk; Neupy; fz;ljpy;iy. Mdhy;> mtu;

xU ey;y kdpju; vd;gJ vy;NyhUf;Fk;

njupAk;. ,j;jidf;Fk; mtu; me;j

Ciur; Nru;e;jtu; my;yu;. mtu; maY}

iur; Nru;e;jtu;.

Gjpa CUf;F tUif je;j kfhd;>

te;jJk; tuhjJkhf Clftpayhsu;

khehl;il mtrukhff; $l;bdhu;. rpiy

tbtpy; ,Ue;j kfhid Neupy; ghu;j;j

NghJ> Clftpayhsu; midtUk; Mr;r

upag;gl;ldu;. jq;fsJ fz;fisNa

mtu;fshy; ek;gKbatpy;iy. gof;f

Njh~j;jpd; fhuzkhfg; gyUk; “ruzk;

ruzk;” vd;W mtu; ngaiur; nrhy;ypg;

Nghw;wpdu;. kfhd;> jhk; me;j CUf;F

tUifje;jjd; Nehf;fj;ij tpsf;fpdhu;.

“,e;j Cu; xU ngupa neUf;fbapy;

rpf;fpj;jtpf;fpwJ. gyUk; vdJ ngaiur;

nrhy;ypg; gpiof;fpwhu;fs;. ,J vdf;Fg;

ngupa mtkhdkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. MfNt>

vdJ epiyiaj; njspTgLj;jpg; NghfNt

te;Njd;” vd;whu;. rpy Clftpayhsu;fs;>

“kfhNd> jhq;fs; Kd;dUk; gy jlitfs;

,e;j CUf;F tUifje;jpUg;gjhfr;

nrhy;fpwhu;fNs?” vd;W Nfl;ldu;. kfhd;

rpupj;jhu;. “ahu; mg;gbr; nrhd;dJ?” vd;W mtu; Nfl;lhu;. “,e;j Cupy; cs;s

gyUk; mg;gbj;jhd; Ngrpf;nfhz;Lk;>

ek;gpf;nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;” vd;W

Clftpayhsu;fs; gjpyspj;jdu;. kfhd;

mu;j;jG~;bAld; xU Gd;KWty;

G+j;jhu;. jk;ik itj;J me;j Cu;kf;fs;

ed;whfj;jhd; gpiof;fj; njupe;J

nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs; vd;gNj> mtupd;

Gd;KWtYf;fhd mu;j;jk; vd;gijr; rpy

Clftpayhsu;fs; Gupe;Jnfhz;ldu;.

kfhd; jdJ CUf;F te;jpUg;gij

mwpe;Jnfhz;l Cu;j;jiytd;> mtiur;

re;jpg;gjw;fhfj; jdJ kidtpAld; gt;

tpakhf te;jpUe;jhd;. kfpo;r;rpAlDk;>

md;GlDk; mtid Nehf;fpa kfhd;>

“cdf;F vdJ MrPu;thjq;fs;! eP

ey;ytd;; Gj;jprhyp. Mdhy;> ty;ytd;

my;y. mjdhy;jhd; cdf;F ,j;jid

NrhjidfSk; Vw;gLfpd;wd. kfNd>

cd;dhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;ltNd

cdJ fhiythuptplj; Jbj;Jf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;. cdf;F mlq;fp

xLq;fpg; gzpnra;aNtz;batu;fs;>

fl;ltpo;j;Jtpl;l fhiskhLfs; Nghyj;

jwpnfl;Lj; jFjpaw;w xUtd;gpd;

jpupfpwhu;fs;. mtu;fSf;F cdJ ngUik

njupatpy;iy. MapDk;> eP fyq;fhNj.

cd; MSikia tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;” vd;whu;.

“mg;gbNa Mfl;Lk;” vd;W gzpe;J tzq;

fpdhd;> Cu;j;jiytd;.

jdJ CUf;F kfhd; te;jpUf;fpwhu;

vd;W njupe;Jnfhz;l Kd;dhs; Cu;j;

jiytd;> mywpg;Gilj;Jf;nfhz;L>

jdf;F ,Uf;Fk; kf;fs; Mjuit kfhDk;

njupe;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;w vz;

zj;jpy;> Vuhskhd thfdq;fspy; Mju

thsu;fis ms;sp ,iwj;Jf;nfhz;L>

mtrumtrukhfj; jdJ rhy;itiaAk;

vLj;J mzpe;Jnfhz;L> kfhd; Kd;dp

iyapy; te;J gzpe;Jepd;whd;. “kfhNd>

,g;gbj; jpBnud;W tUtPu;fs; vd

ehd; vjpu;ghu;f;fNtapy;iy. ehd;

Kd;diug;Nghy Cu;j;jiytdhf

,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> ,d;Dk; Mlk;gukhd

Kiwapy; cq;fis tuNtw;wpUg;Ngd;.

,g;Nghija Cu;j;jiytd; vy;yh


tw;iwAk; vspikahfNt nra;J

Kbf;fpwhd;. mtDf;F kf;fspd;

gzj;ij vg;gbr; nryTnra;tJ vd;Nw

njupatpy;iy. kfhNd> ehd; Cupy;

eilngwTs;s Nghl;bapy; vg;gbahtJ

ntw;wpngw;W> Cu; mjpfhuj;ijf;

ifg;gw;wNtz;Lk;. ePq;fs;jhd; kdKte;J

vd;id MrPu;tjpf;fNtz;Lk;” vd;W

Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhd;. kfhd; rpupj;jhu;.

kfhd; mtid cs;Sk;GwKk;

cw;WNehf;fpdhu;. “cnjd;d> cs;sq;

ifapy; vijNah itj;J cUl;bf;

nfhz;bUf;fpwha;?” vd;W Nfl;lhu;. kfhdpd;

Nfs;tpahy; rw;Wj; jLkhwpa mtd;>

mrLtopa> “m..m..xd;Wk; ,y;iy. ,g;gb

xU nghUis vg;NghJk; cs;sq;ifapy;

itj;J cUl;bdhy; ey;yJ elf;Fk; vd;W

Nrhjplu;fs; nrhd;dhu;fs;. mJjhd;...” vd;whd;> mtd;. kfhdhy; rpupg;ig

mlf;fKbatpy;iy. “mNl igj;jpaf;fhuh>

,JNghy;jhd; Kd;dUk; Nrhjpld;

xUtd; nrhd;dij ek;gp> gjtpiaAk;

,oe;jha;. ,dpNkYk; vy;yhtw;iwAk;

,of;fg;Nghfpwha;. eP vj;jidNgupd;

jiyfis cUl;bapUf;fpwha;! gQ;rkh

ghjfq;fs; vtw;iwAk; eP tpl;L itj;j

jpy;iy. cd; Cupy; thOk; xU gFjp

kf;fSf;F vj;jid nfhLikfs;

nra;jpUf;fpwha;! cdf;F vjpuhdtu;fis

vd;dghLgLj;jpapUf;fpwha;! vj;jid mg

iyg; ngz;fis cUthf;fpapUf;fpwha;!

vd;Dila ngaiug; gad;gLj;jpNa

vj;jid ,opnray;fspy; <Lgl;bUf;fpwha;!” kfhdpd; rhe;jKfk; rpte;jJ.

Kd;dhs; Cu;j;jiytDf;Fj;

J}f;fpthupg;Nghl;lJ. kfhd; mf;FNtW

MzpNtwhfj; jd;idg; gw;wpj; njupe;J

itj;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;gij Kjy;jlitahf

mtd; czu;e;Jnfhz;lhd;. mtDf;F

tpau;j;JtpWtpWj;jJ. Cu; kf;fis

Vkhw;WtJNghy; kfhid Vkhw;wKbahJ

vd;gijj; njupe;Jnfhz;lhd;. mtdpd;

eatQ;rf %is Gjpjhf Ntiynra;jJ.

vg;gbahtJ kfhdpd; MrPu;thjj;ijg;

ngw;WtplNtz;Lk; vd;gjpy; Fwpahf

,Ue;jhd;. “IaNd> ,itnay;yhk;

ehd; mwpahky; nra;jit. vd;NdhL

,Ue;jtu;fs; nra;jnjy;yhk; vd;

jiyapy; tpOe;Jtpl;ld. vd;id MrPu;

tjpAq;fs;” vd;W nfQ;rpdhd;. kfhdpd;

Nfhgk; cr;rj;jpy; epd;wJ. “eP xU

kfhghtp. cd; ghtq;fs; vy;yhk; eP

mwpe;J nra;jit. cdf;F kd;dpg;Ng

fpilahJ. vd; fz;Kd;dhNy epy;yhNj.

Xbj;njhiy” vd;W cuf;fr; nrhd;dhu;.

Kd;dhs; Cu;j;jiytd; jiynjwpf;f

Xbr;nrd;wjpy;> fOj;jpy; ,Ue;j mtdJ

rhy;itAk; fPNo tPo;e;Jtpl;lJ.

Kd;dhs; Cu;j;jiytd; kfhdhy;

mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghjpYk;> mtd;

Xatpy;iy. vg;gbahtJ mtiur; rkh

jhdg;gLj;jNtz;Lk; vd;W Kide;

jhd;. jdf;fhff; Fuy;nfhLf;Fk; jdJ

gupthuj;ij kfhdplk; mtd; mDg;gpdhd;.

mjpy; gbj;jtd;> gbf;fhjtd;> nfhs;

isf;fhud;> nfhiyfhud;> Nghij

t];Jf;fhud; cl;gl;l midj;Jg;

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