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April 8, 2023 1

Met hout in de hoogte!

Jan-Willem van de Kuilen

Congres Bouwmaterialen en Innovatie

31-10-2013 TU Delft

Met hout de hoogte in!

100 m

Roller CoasterAmusement Park, Heide-Park Soltau,

Germany Height 52 m, length ca.1300 m, 120 km/h

Timber Wind Turbine TowerHannover Marienwerder/Germany 2012100m height, 100t weight, 1.5 MW, supplies 1000 households with electricity

52 m

Met hout in de hoogte!

PyramidenkogelOostenrijk

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77 meter

Toenemend materiaalgebruik….

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1 ton 5 ton 35 tonVoedsel,Wapens,

Bescherming

Voedsel,Gebouwen

Gereedschap

Voedsel, Gebouwen, Auto´s, Computers,

Gereedschap

Industriele revolutie

2013: Alles is cradle to cradle….

• Staal• Beton• VVK• Hout• Aluminium

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2013: Alles is cradle to cradle….

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• Bron:Cobouw

Maar met hout heeft u de laagste milieubelasting!

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April 8, 2023

Dus met hout in de hoogte!

5-laags HSB, Delft, Ecoduswijk, 1992

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Meerverdiepingbouw

XLAM / CLTHSB

Cross Laminated Timber

Sterkte, stijfheid en flexibiliteit≈25 fabrikanten in Europa

XLAM – Elements:

Plate action

Loads:

Plate bending

Shear action

Walls and floors Stairs

Contacts in XLAM

Wall-Foundation

Floor-Floor

Wall-Wall

Wall-Floor

Aansluitingen

Bouwsnelheid….2 dagen

6 dagen

4 dagen

10 dagen

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Simpele standaard verbindingsmiddelen

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April 8, 2023

Murray Grove – KLH

Apartment building in London9 storeys

4 apartments / storeycrosslam elevator shaft

17 weeks time saving during construction

Limnologen, Sweden8 Storey CLT

17July, 2013

Limnologen, SwedenFloor plan

• CLT Walls and floors• TF Internal walls• Tension bars for prestressing• Sprinkler system

18July, 2013

Limnologen, SwedenSprinkler system

Reduced requirements for:

•Combustible façade cladding up to eight storeys;•Surface linings in apartments in multi‐storey buildings, down to class D‐s1,d0;•Fire spread through windows in the same building;•Walking distance in escape routes.

19July, 2013

Lifecycle Tower, Dornbirn, Oostenrijk

Architect Herman KaufmannProf. Holzbau TU München

Bouwtijd 8 dagen

Houtdag 14 November!

Forte Building, Melbourne

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• 10 verdiepingen• 32.2 meter hoog• 23 appartementen

Investor: A ton of steel produces 1,5 tons of carbon in the making. A ton of cement 1,125 tons. And they aren’t as interesting, as versatile, as expressive. A tree

produces oxygen, and absorbs 1,42 tons of carbon for every ton of timber grown.

Forte Building, Melbourne

April 8, 2023 22

• Investor: • …..A ton of steel produces 1,5 tons of carbon in the making.

A ton of cement 1,125 tons. And they aren’t as interesting, as versatile, as expressive. A tree produces oxygen, and absorbs 1,42 tons of carbon for every ton of timber grown…

• …. Commercially speaking, the biggest thing is speed. With it being pre-fabricated, all of the main penetrations were already taken care of, and fixing into timber is a lot easier than fixing into concrete, so for the electricians, plumbers, plasterers and others, it’s a lot easier job [working with a CLT structure] than working with concrete.

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Wood-concrete skyscrapers

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Skyscrapers

Outrigger concepts

Outrigger concepts

Outrigger function

• Providing stability to the core• Providing a lever arm for the global bending

moments• Providing a division between timber sections for

fire safety• Allowing for building services (equipment)• Shelter spaces in case of emergencies

Outrigger concept

©TU-E

Outrigger concept

©TU-E

Foundation

Concrete storey as outrigger

Roof

Wood-concrete skyscrapers

Dock tower (120 m)

32July, 2013

Typical Shanghai Building Lay-out

Integrated tension bars

Wall element

Floor element

Wall element

Tension bars

Results

• Sway: 1/770H with H is building height• Sway: shear/bending ratio ≈ 1 to 5• Compression stresses timber < 5 N/mm2

• Tension bars # 26, Ø 30 mm• Reduction of bars over the building height

40 Storeys is possible, also with a wood coreArchitects need to make their buildings

slightly more ´square´

Bouwproces

Bouwproces

Crane times

• One-third of hoisting time.• Building speed of 1 storey per day• Cheaper cranes (> 6000 USD per month)• Longer reach → Fewer cranes

Environmental impact

• Wood stores CO2

• 0.8 – 0.9 tons of CO2 per m3

• Savings in other materials 1.1 tons of CO2

• 26.300 m3 for a 40 storey building

• 50.000 tons of CO2 emissions can be avoided

• Eq. of 33000 car emissions/year.

En hoe zit het dan met brand?

Outlook: Big wood, Chicago

Michael Charters,

USA

Big Wood, Chicago

Tall wood, Vancouver, Michael Green

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Skidmore, Owens Merrill

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Stockholm, SwedenMoller, Dinell Johansson

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Il bosco verticale

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Boeri, Milano

If trees can grow 100 metres high, why not wooden buildings?

…and wood is best compatible with the environment…

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