30/11/2017
1
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR CHIEMICALS IN THE URBAN WATER
CYCLE OF BOGOTACiencia e Ingeniería del Agua y el Ambiente
Pontificia Universidad JaverianaDIEGO FERNANDO BEDOYA RIOS
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
30/11/2017
2
(Sauvé y Desrosiers, 2014)
Naturally occurring, manufactured or manmade chemicals or materials which
have now been discovered or are suspected present in various
environmental compartments and whose toxicity or persistence are likely
to significantly alter the metabolism of a living being
(Sauvé y Desrosiers, 2014)
Naturally occurring, manufactured or manmade chemicals or materials which
have now been discovered or are suspected present in various
environmental compartments and whose toxicity or persistence are likely
to significantly alter the metabolism of a living being
(Halden, 2015)
A chemical for which there are increasing concerns regarding its
potential risks to humans and ecological systems, including endocrine
disruption and neurotoxicity.
(Halden, 2015)
A chemical for which there are increasing concerns regarding its
potential risks to humans and ecological systems, including endocrine
disruption and neurotoxicity.
¿EMERGING POLLUTANTS?¿EMERGING POLLUTANTS?
(Fuhrman et al., 2015)EDCs are substances that influence processes associated with the endocrine
system and alter its functioning. The endocrine system is responsible for the release of hormones, chemicals which help control and connect the systems of the body, and thus plays a major role in the health of humans and wildlife. EDCs interfere with steroids such as estrogen, anti-androgen and androgen, as well as other
hormone action.
(Fuhrman et al., 2015)EDCs are substances that influence processes associated with the endocrine
system and alter its functioning. The endocrine system is responsible for the release of hormones, chemicals which help control and connect the systems of the body, and thus plays a major role in the health of humans and wildlife. EDCs interfere with steroids such as estrogen, anti-androgen and androgen, as well as other
hormone action.
¿ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS CHEMICALS (EDCs)?
¿ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS CHEMICALS (EDCs)?
30/11/2017
3
(Khetan, 2014)(Khetan, 2014)
¿How they get to the water?¿How they get to the water?
(US EPA, 2008)
• Pharmaceutical and personal care products• Hormones
• stimulants (Caffeíne)• Illicit drugs (Naturals and synthetic)
• Plastificizers• Pesticides
• Nanoparticles y nanomaterials
(US EPA, 2008)
• Pharmaceutical and personal care products• Hormones
• stimulants (Caffeíne)• Illicit drugs (Naturals and synthetic)
• Plastificizers• Pesticides
• Nanoparticles y nanomaterials
Emerging pollutants classificationEmerging pollutants classification
30/11/2017
4
(Hughes et al., 2012)(Hughes et al., 2012)
Ocurrence of emerging contaminantsOcurrence of emerging contaminants
There are not many studies in low income countries, but actually that has improved
Ocurrence of EC in south americaOcurrence of EC in south america
Pesticide cholrpyrifos in Surface water Martinez-
Zapata(2013); 1000 licit and illicit drugs in wastewater
and surface waters from the area of Bogotá
Emerging pollutants in Zulia (pesticides) (Molina-
Morales, 2009)
Studies of platificizers in drinking water, mainly
phthalate esters (Loureiro,2001)
Ecololical risk for platificizers in Surface
water(Merlo et al., 2011)
30/11/2017
5
Urban water cycleUrban water cycle
• Drinking water
• Surface water
• Wastewater
• Runoff water
Effects of some emerging pollutantsBPA-based plastic is clear and tough, and is made into
a variety of common consumer goods, such as water
bottles, sports equipment, CDs, and DVDs.
Endocrine disruptor of estrogenic activity, generates
hepatic and thyroid disorders, obesity and
susceptibility to diabetes(Bosh et al., 2016)
30/11/2017
6
Effects of some emerging pollutants
Triclosán is an antibacterial and antifungal agent
found in consumer products, including toothpaste,
soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning
treatments.
Endocrine disruptor that alters the hormonal system
mainly reproductive hormones(Wang y tian, 2015)
Effects of some emerging pollutants
phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are
mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to
plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency,
durability, and longevity).
Strong evidence of toxicity to development and
growth in rodents, potential endocrine
disruptors(Jeddii et al., 2015)
30/11/2017
7
METODOLOGYOcurrence study in the urban water cycle
Drinking water
Sources of supply:Wiesner (~70%)Tibitoc (~20%)
El Dorado (~10%)
Tap water:49 points in the distribution
system.
30/11/2017
8
Surface water
Bogotá River:Upstream(Universidad de la Sabana).
Entrance to the urban perimeter.Exit of the urban perimeter.
Arzobispo RiverFucha River
Tunjuelo river
Runoff waterNorth channel: Cra 45 con cll 145
Cr 30 channel: Cra30 cll 53South channel: Cra 10 cll 13 S
30/11/2017
9
WastewaterWWTP Salitre
San Benito Pump station
Monitoring summary
Campaigns: 4
Campaign Date1 15 sept – 9 oct 20152 30 oct – 12 nov 20153 23 nov – 10 dic 20154 18 may – 3 jun 2016
Total samples: 486
30/11/2017
10
Analyzed compoundsAnalyzed compounds
Phthalates hormones pharmaceutical
s
Others
plastificizers
Biocids Alcaloids
Dimethylphthalate Estrone Fluoxetina Bisphenol A Triclosán Caffeine
Diethylphthalate Progesteron
e
Carbamazepine 4-Tert
octylphenol
2butoxiethylphthalate Primidone
Bis4-penthyl – 2-
methylphthalate
Trimetoprim
Dipenthylphthalate
Din-hexilphthalate
Bis2-ethyllhexylphthalate
Instrumental analysisInstrumental analysis
Elution
EthylAcetate
GC/MS
Analysis
pH: 2- 4Filtration:
0,45 um
Solid
phase
extraction
(SPE)
Elution
EthylAcetate
GC/MS
Analysis
pH: 2- 4Filtration:
0,45 um
Solid
phase
extraction
(SPE)
30/11/2017
11
RESULTSOCURRENCE IN THE URBAN WATER CYCLE
OC
UR
RE
NC
E I
N T
HE
UR
BA
N
WA
TE
R C
YC
LE
High occurrence of phthalates due to their wide extension in the environment (Jeddii et al.,2015)
General Ocurrence (%)
OTROS P
LAST
IFICANTE
S
HORMONAS
FTALA
TOS
FÁRMACOS
BIOCID
AS
ALCALO
IDES
90,00%
80,00%
70,00%
60,00%
50,00%
40,00%
30,00%
20,00%
10,00%
0,00%
Grupo
Ocu
rren
cia
Grupos de compuestos encontrados
pharmaceuticals:Fluoxetine, Carbamazep., primidone, TrimetoprimOthers plastificizers: 4Tertoctylphenol, Bisphenol AHormonas: Progesterone, EstroneAlcaloides: CaffeíneBiocidas: Triclosan
30/11/2017
12
Pharmaceuticals and other compounds
Higher concentrations of bisphenol A and carbamazepine in wastewater and surface water,
similar to that found in other studies (Sanderson et al., 2013; Valcarcel et al., 2011)
Higher concentrations of bisphenol A and carbamazepine in wastewater and surface water,
similar to that found in other studies (Sanderson et al., 2013; Valcarcel et al., 2011)
Phthalates
Present in all matrices and even more in drinking water (Domínguez-Morueco et al.,
2014)
30/11/2017
13
OC
CU
RREN
CE
AN
D
CO
NC
ENTR
ATI
ON
30%
Occurrence(%)
50%
70%
Concentration(ug/L)
1 10 100
Bis(Ethylhexyl)phthalate
Bis2-n-(Butoxiethyl)phthalate
Bisphenol A
Carbamazepine
Dimethylphthalate
Dipenthylphthalato
Co
ncen
tra
cio
nsp
htha
late
sin
W
ast
ew
ate
r
DINOCT
ILFTA
LATO
BIS2E
TILHEX
ILFTAL
ATO
DINHEX
ILFTA
LATO
DIPEN
TILFTA
LATO
BIS4PE
NTIL2
MET
ILFTAL
ATO
BIS2B
UTOXIE
TILFT
ALATO
DIETILF
TALA
TO
DIMET
ILFTAL
ATO
20
15
10
5
0
Con
cent
raci
ons
ugL-
1
Concentracios de Ftalatos encontrados en agua residual
(NEtherlands, 2017)
(Espain, 2005)(Espain, 2005)
(Netherlands, 2017)
30/11/2017
14
DINOCTIL
FTALA
TO
BIS2E
TILHEX
ILFTA
LATO
BIS2
NBUTOXIETIL
F TALA
TO
DINHEXILF
TALATO
DIPEN
TILFT
ALATO
BIS4P
ENTIL2
MET
ILFTA
LATO
BIS2M
ETOXIE
TILFT
ALATO
DIETILF
TALA
TO
DIMET
ILFTALA
TO
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
conc
entr
acio
n ug
L-1
Concentracione Ftalatos encontrados en agua superficial
conc
entra
cio
nsp
htha
late
sin
Su
rfa
ce w
ate
r
(Espain, 2012)
(Espain, 2005)
(USA, 2004)(Espain, 2002)(Espain, 2005)
DINOCTI
LFTA
LATO
BIS2ET
ILHEX
ILFTA
LATO
BIS2NBUT
OXIETILF
TALA
TO
DINHEX
ILFTALA
TO
DIPENTI
LFTA
LATO
BIS4P
ENTI
L2M
ETILF
TALA
TO
BIS2
METOXIET
ILFTA
LATO
DIET
ILFTA
LATO
DIMET
ILFTALA
TO
50
40
30
20
10
0
Con
cent
raci
ones
ug
L-1
Concentraciones Ftalatos enconctrados en agua de escorrentía
conc
entra
cio
nsp
htha
late
sin
Ru
noff
wa
ter
(Espain, 2012)
(Espain, 2013)
(Brasil, 2011)
(England, 2012)
(USA, 2002)
30/11/2017
15
Co
ncen
tra
cio
nsp
harm
ace
utic
als
inW
ast
ew
ate
r
TRIMETOPRIMCARBAMAZEPINAPRIMIDONAFLUOXETINA
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Con
cent
raci
on u
gL-1
Concentraciones de fármacos en agua residual
(USA, 2002)(USA, 2002)
Co
ncen
tra
cio
nso
fp
harm
ace
utic
als
in S
urfa
ce
wa
ter
TRIMETOPRIMCARBAMAZEPINAPRIMIDONAFLUOXETINA
40
30
20
10
0
Con
cent
raci
on
ugL
-1
Concentración de fármacos encontrados en aguas superficiales
(USA,2013)
30/11/2017
16
PROGESTERONAESTRONABISFENOL A4TERCOCTILFENOL
25
20
15
10
5
0
conc
entr
acio
n ug
L-1
concentraciones en agua residual
Co
ncen
tra
cio
nsp
last
ifici
zers
and
ho
rmo
nes
in w
ast
ew
ate
rs
(USA, 2015)
(China, 2017)
(EAU, 2017)
(Canada, 2015)(China, 2017)
High risk like endocrine disruptors(Rajasärkkä et al., 2016; Omar
et al., 2016)
Co
ncen
tra
cio
nsp
last
ifici
zers
y ho
rmo
nes
isSu
rfa
ce w
ate
rs
(France, 2015)
30/11/2017
17
Co
ncen
tra
cio
nso
ther
sco
mp
oun
ds
TRICLOSANCAFEINA
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,05
0,00
Con
cent
raci
on u
gL-1
Concentraciones de CAFEINA. TRICLOSAN en aguas residuales
TRICLOSANCAFEINA
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0,0
Con
cent
raci
ón u
gL-1
Concentraciones de CAFEINA. TRICLOSAN en agua superficial
(USA, 2017)
(USA, 2017)
(USA, 2005)
(USA, 2005)
(Portugal, 2017)
(Candá, 2012)
Eco
log
ica
lH
aza
rd
Qu
oti
en
t(H
Q)
eco
log
ica
lth
rea
t
Ecological Threat:Bis2(EthylHexyl)Phthalate, Estrone, BisNButoxiethylphthalate,Bisphenol A, Carbamazepine, Triclosan, Tertoctylphenol,Dinhexylphthalato…
30/11/2017
18
CONCLUSIONSSection Subtitle
Phthalates were present in all aquatic matrices. Some relevant HQs in Wastewater and Drinking waters
�
�
�
�
In the drinking water these substances are associated with Endocrine Disruption(Doney, 2004; Ishfaq et al., 2016)
Phthalates (WW, DW), Estrone (RW, WW, SW) and BPA (WW, SW) are the substances found with high HQs.
Bisphenol A is a recognized endocrine disruptor that has been subject to regulation in several countries.
Preliminary conclusions
30/11/2017
19
Publications
an accepted article, two submitted and another under construction
THANK YOU VERY MUCHo
Top Related