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ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR CHIEMICALS IN THE URBAN WATER

CYCLE OF BOGOTACiencia e Ingeniería del Agua y el Ambiente

Pontificia Universidad JaverianaDIEGO FERNANDO BEDOYA RIOS

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

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(Sauvé y Desrosiers, 2014)

Naturally occurring, manufactured or manmade chemicals or materials which

have now been discovered or are suspected present in various

environmental compartments and whose toxicity or persistence are likely

to significantly alter the metabolism of a living being

(Sauvé y Desrosiers, 2014)

Naturally occurring, manufactured or manmade chemicals or materials which

have now been discovered or are suspected present in various

environmental compartments and whose toxicity or persistence are likely

to significantly alter the metabolism of a living being

(Halden, 2015)

A chemical for which there are increasing concerns regarding its

potential risks to humans and ecological systems, including endocrine

disruption and neurotoxicity.

(Halden, 2015)

A chemical for which there are increasing concerns regarding its

potential risks to humans and ecological systems, including endocrine

disruption and neurotoxicity.

¿EMERGING POLLUTANTS?¿EMERGING POLLUTANTS?

(Fuhrman et al., 2015)EDCs are substances that influence processes associated with the endocrine

system and alter its functioning. The endocrine system is responsible for the release of hormones, chemicals which help control and connect the systems of the body, and thus plays a major role in the health of humans and wildlife. EDCs interfere with steroids such as estrogen, anti-androgen and androgen, as well as other

hormone action.

(Fuhrman et al., 2015)EDCs are substances that influence processes associated with the endocrine

system and alter its functioning. The endocrine system is responsible for the release of hormones, chemicals which help control and connect the systems of the body, and thus plays a major role in the health of humans and wildlife. EDCs interfere with steroids such as estrogen, anti-androgen and androgen, as well as other

hormone action.

¿ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS CHEMICALS (EDCs)?

¿ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS CHEMICALS (EDCs)?

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(Khetan, 2014)(Khetan, 2014)

¿How they get to the water?¿How they get to the water?

(US EPA, 2008)

• Pharmaceutical and personal care products• Hormones

• stimulants (Caffeíne)• Illicit drugs (Naturals and synthetic)

• Plastificizers• Pesticides

• Nanoparticles y nanomaterials

(US EPA, 2008)

• Pharmaceutical and personal care products• Hormones

• stimulants (Caffeíne)• Illicit drugs (Naturals and synthetic)

• Plastificizers• Pesticides

• Nanoparticles y nanomaterials

Emerging pollutants classificationEmerging pollutants classification

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(Hughes et al., 2012)(Hughes et al., 2012)

Ocurrence of emerging contaminantsOcurrence of emerging contaminants

There are not many studies in low income countries, but actually that has improved

Ocurrence of EC in south americaOcurrence of EC in south america

Pesticide cholrpyrifos in Surface water Martinez-

Zapata(2013); 1000 licit and illicit drugs in wastewater

and surface waters from the area of Bogotá

Emerging pollutants in Zulia (pesticides) (Molina-

Morales, 2009)

Studies of platificizers in drinking water, mainly

phthalate esters (Loureiro,2001)

Ecololical risk for platificizers in Surface

water(Merlo et al., 2011)

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Urban water cycleUrban water cycle

• Drinking water

• Surface water

• Wastewater

• Runoff water

Effects of some emerging pollutantsBPA-based plastic is clear and tough, and is made into

a variety of common consumer goods, such as water

bottles, sports equipment, CDs, and DVDs.

Endocrine disruptor of estrogenic activity, generates

hepatic and thyroid disorders, obesity and

susceptibility to diabetes(Bosh et al., 2016)

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Effects of some emerging pollutants

Triclosán is an antibacterial and antifungal agent

found in consumer products, including toothpaste,

soaps, detergents, toys, and surgical cleaning

treatments.

Endocrine disruptor that alters the hormonal system

mainly reproductive hormones(Wang y tian, 2015)

Effects of some emerging pollutants

phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid and are

mainly used as plasticizers (substances added to

plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency,

durability, and longevity).

Strong evidence of toxicity to development and

growth in rodents, potential endocrine

disruptors(Jeddii et al., 2015)

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METODOLOGYOcurrence study in the urban water cycle

Drinking water

Sources of supply:Wiesner (~70%)Tibitoc (~20%)

El Dorado (~10%)

Tap water:49 points in the distribution

system.

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Surface water

Bogotá River:Upstream(Universidad de la Sabana).

Entrance to the urban perimeter.Exit of the urban perimeter.

Arzobispo RiverFucha River

Tunjuelo river

Runoff waterNorth channel: Cra 45 con cll 145

Cr 30 channel: Cra30 cll 53South channel: Cra 10 cll 13 S

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WastewaterWWTP Salitre

San Benito Pump station

Monitoring summary

Campaigns: 4

Campaign Date1 15 sept – 9 oct 20152 30 oct – 12 nov 20153 23 nov – 10 dic 20154 18 may – 3 jun 2016

Total samples: 486

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Analyzed compoundsAnalyzed compounds

Phthalates hormones pharmaceutical

s

Others

plastificizers

Biocids Alcaloids

Dimethylphthalate Estrone Fluoxetina Bisphenol A Triclosán Caffeine

Diethylphthalate Progesteron

e

Carbamazepine 4-Tert

octylphenol

2butoxiethylphthalate Primidone

Bis4-penthyl – 2-

methylphthalate

Trimetoprim

Dipenthylphthalate

Din-hexilphthalate

Bis2-ethyllhexylphthalate

Instrumental analysisInstrumental analysis

Elution

EthylAcetate

GC/MS

Analysis

pH: 2- 4Filtration:

0,45 um

Solid

phase

extraction

(SPE)

Elution

EthylAcetate

GC/MS

Analysis

pH: 2- 4Filtration:

0,45 um

Solid

phase

extraction

(SPE)

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RESULTSOCURRENCE IN THE URBAN WATER CYCLE

OC

UR

RE

NC

E I

N T

HE

UR

BA

N

WA

TE

R C

YC

LE

High occurrence of phthalates due to their wide extension in the environment (Jeddii et al.,2015)

General Ocurrence (%)

OTROS P

LAST

IFICANTE

S

HORMONAS

FTALA

TOS

FÁRMACOS

BIOCID

AS

ALCALO

IDES

90,00%

80,00%

70,00%

60,00%

50,00%

40,00%

30,00%

20,00%

10,00%

0,00%

Grupo

Ocu

rren

cia

Grupos de compuestos encontrados

pharmaceuticals:Fluoxetine, Carbamazep., primidone, TrimetoprimOthers plastificizers: 4Tertoctylphenol, Bisphenol AHormonas: Progesterone, EstroneAlcaloides: CaffeíneBiocidas: Triclosan

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Pharmaceuticals and other compounds

Higher concentrations of bisphenol A and carbamazepine in wastewater and surface water,

similar to that found in other studies (Sanderson et al., 2013; Valcarcel et al., 2011)

Higher concentrations of bisphenol A and carbamazepine in wastewater and surface water,

similar to that found in other studies (Sanderson et al., 2013; Valcarcel et al., 2011)

Phthalates

Present in all matrices and even more in drinking water (Domínguez-Morueco et al.,

2014)

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OC

CU

RREN

CE

AN

D

CO

NC

ENTR

ATI

ON

30%

Occurrence(%)

50%

70%

Concentration(ug/L)

1 10 100

Bis(Ethylhexyl)phthalate

Bis2-n-(Butoxiethyl)phthalate

Bisphenol A

Carbamazepine

Dimethylphthalate

Dipenthylphthalato

Co

ncen

tra

cio

nsp

htha

late

sin

W

ast

ew

ate

r

DINOCT

ILFTA

LATO

BIS2E

TILHEX

ILFTAL

ATO

DINHEX

ILFTA

LATO

DIPEN

TILFTA

LATO

BIS4PE

NTIL2

MET

ILFTAL

ATO

BIS2B

UTOXIE

TILFT

ALATO

DIETILF

TALA

TO

DIMET

ILFTAL

ATO

20

15

10

5

0

Con

cent

raci

ons

ugL-

1

Concentracios de Ftalatos encontrados en agua residual

(NEtherlands, 2017)

(Espain, 2005)(Espain, 2005)

(Netherlands, 2017)

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DINOCTIL

FTALA

TO

BIS2E

TILHEX

ILFTA

LATO

BIS2

NBUTOXIETIL

F TALA

TO

DINHEXILF

TALATO

DIPEN

TILFT

ALATO

BIS4P

ENTIL2

MET

ILFTA

LATO

BIS2M

ETOXIE

TILFT

ALATO

DIETILF

TALA

TO

DIMET

ILFTALA

TO

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

conc

entr

acio

n ug

L-1

Concentracione Ftalatos encontrados en agua superficial

conc

entra

cio

nsp

htha

late

sin

Su

rfa

ce w

ate

r

(Espain, 2012)

(Espain, 2005)

(USA, 2004)(Espain, 2002)(Espain, 2005)

DINOCTI

LFTA

LATO

BIS2ET

ILHEX

ILFTA

LATO

BIS2NBUT

OXIETILF

TALA

TO

DINHEX

ILFTALA

TO

DIPENTI

LFTA

LATO

BIS4P

ENTI

L2M

ETILF

TALA

TO

BIS2

METOXIET

ILFTA

LATO

DIET

ILFTA

LATO

DIMET

ILFTALA

TO

50

40

30

20

10

0

Con

cent

raci

ones

ug

L-1

Concentraciones Ftalatos enconctrados en agua de escorrentía

conc

entra

cio

nsp

htha

late

sin

Ru

noff

wa

ter

(Espain, 2012)

(Espain, 2013)

(Brasil, 2011)

(England, 2012)

(USA, 2002)

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Co

ncen

tra

cio

nsp

harm

ace

utic

als

inW

ast

ew

ate

r

TRIMETOPRIMCARBAMAZEPINAPRIMIDONAFLUOXETINA

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Con

cent

raci

on u

gL-1

Concentraciones de fármacos en agua residual

(USA, 2002)(USA, 2002)

Co

ncen

tra

cio

nso

fp

harm

ace

utic

als

in S

urfa

ce

wa

ter

TRIMETOPRIMCARBAMAZEPINAPRIMIDONAFLUOXETINA

40

30

20

10

0

Con

cent

raci

on

ugL

-1

Concentración de fármacos encontrados en aguas superficiales

(USA,2013)

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PROGESTERONAESTRONABISFENOL A4TERCOCTILFENOL

25

20

15

10

5

0

conc

entr

acio

n ug

L-1

concentraciones en agua residual

Co

ncen

tra

cio

nsp

last

ifici

zers

and

ho

rmo

nes

in w

ast

ew

ate

rs

(USA, 2015)

(China, 2017)

(EAU, 2017)

(Canada, 2015)(China, 2017)

High risk like endocrine disruptors(Rajasärkkä et al., 2016; Omar

et al., 2016)

Co

ncen

tra

cio

nsp

last

ifici

zers

y ho

rmo

nes

isSu

rfa

ce w

ate

rs

(France, 2015)

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Co

ncen

tra

cio

nso

ther

sco

mp

oun

ds

TRICLOSANCAFEINA

0,30

0,25

0,20

0,15

0,10

0,05

0,00

Con

cent

raci

on u

gL-1

Concentraciones de CAFEINA. TRICLOSAN en aguas residuales

TRICLOSANCAFEINA

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

0,0

Con

cent

raci

ón u

gL-1

Concentraciones de CAFEINA. TRICLOSAN en agua superficial

(USA, 2017)

(USA, 2017)

(USA, 2005)

(USA, 2005)

(Portugal, 2017)

(Candá, 2012)

Eco

log

ica

lH

aza

rd

Qu

oti

en

t(H

Q)

eco

log

ica

lth

rea

t

Ecological Threat:Bis2(EthylHexyl)Phthalate, Estrone, BisNButoxiethylphthalate,Bisphenol A, Carbamazepine, Triclosan, Tertoctylphenol,Dinhexylphthalato…

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CONCLUSIONSSection Subtitle

Phthalates were present in all aquatic matrices. Some relevant HQs in Wastewater and Drinking waters

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In the drinking water these substances are associated with Endocrine Disruption(Doney, 2004; Ishfaq et al., 2016)

Phthalates (WW, DW), Estrone (RW, WW, SW) and BPA (WW, SW) are the substances found with high HQs.

Bisphenol A is a recognized endocrine disruptor that has been subject to regulation in several countries.

Preliminary conclusions

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Publications

an accepted article, two submitted and another under construction

THANK YOU VERY MUCHo

bedoya.diego@Javeriana.edu.co