Y%S ,xldfõ

Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh


2017 - iema;eïn¾2017 - iema;eïn¾

lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh I


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh II

zzol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,g idfmalaIj" <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldj wfkl=;a rgj,a wNsnjd bÈßfhka

isà' flfia jqjo" <ud Y%ufhka f;dr mßirhla ìys lsÍu

i|yd wm úiska iaÓr wêIaGdkfhka hq;=j ;j;a mshjrla

bÈßhg ;eìh hq;= jk w;r <ud Y%uh Y%S ,xldfjka ;=rka

l< hq;=h hk fuu m%;sm;a;sh wm ta lrd fufyhjkq we;'

tfiau" wm ,nd.kakd m%;sM, ;sridrj mj;ajd .ekSug o

fuu m%;sm;a;sh WmldÍ jkq we;'ZZ


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh III

wOHdmkh" fi!LHh iy wdrlaIdj we;=¿ iEu lafIa;%hla ;=<§u fhda.H mßirhla orejkag ,nd §u

i|yd" cd;shla jYfhka wms ne£ isákafkuq' Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh"

rfÜ <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka wjika lsÍu i|yd odhl jkq we;s w;r" orejka i|yd iqrlaIs;

mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍug o bjy,a fõ' fuu m%;sm;a;sh" Y%S ,xldfõ wksjd¾h wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh

iuÕ wkql+, jk w;r wOHdmkh ,nd §fuka f;drj w;yer oukq ,enQ lsis÷ orefjl= fkdue;s nj

iy;sl lsÍug WmldÍ jkq we;'

lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh úiska fuu m%;sm;a;sh ilia lrk

,o kuqÿ" orejka iïnkaO .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsÍu ms<sn| j.lSu úúO wdh;k .Kkdjlg mejf¾'

fuu m%;sm;a;sh iuÕ wkq.;j th id¾:lj l%shdjg kexùu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd lghq;= lrk f,i uu

ish¿ md¾Yjlrejkaf.ka b,a,d isáñ' fuh id¾:lj l%shdjg kexùu cd;sl iy m<d;a uÜgfuys m%Odk

m%jdyhka u; r|d mj;skq we;'

ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,g idfmalaIj" <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xldj wfkl=;a rgj,a

wNsnjd bÈßfhka isà' flfia jqjo" <ud Y%ufhka f;dr mßirhla ìys lsÍu i|yd wm úiska iaÓr

wêIaGdkfhka hq;=j ;j;a mshjrla bÈßhg ;eìh hq;= jk w;r <ud Y%uh Y%S ,xldfjka ;=rka l<

hq;=h hk fuu m%;sm;a;sh wm ta lrd fufyhjkq we;' tfiau" wm ,nd.kakd m%;sM, ;sridrj mj;ajd

.ekSug o fuu m%;sm;a;sh WmldÍ jkq we;'

—orejka iqrlsuq˜ cd;sl jevigyfka§ Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh t<s

oelaùug ,eîu i;=gg lreKla jk w;r fuu m%;sm;a;sh iïmdokh lsÍfuys,d iïnkaO jQ ish¿u

md¾Yjhkag udf.a ia;=;sh m< lsÍug fuh wjia:djla lr .ksñ'

ffu;S%md, isßfiak

ckdêm;s

Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrch

Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha

w;s.re ckdêm;s;=udf.a m‚jqvh


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh IV

zz<ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmh ;=rka lsÍu i|yd

ie<lsh hq;= YlH;djhla Y%S ,xldj i;= jk w;r" tu

ld¾hh i|yd l,dmh ;=< fmruqK f.k isà'ZZ


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh V

lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh —Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu

ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh˜ t<soelaùu uy;a wdvïnrhg lreKls' w;s.re ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak

ue;s;=udf.a iy .re w.%dud;H rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=udf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu

wrUhd rch úiska miq.sh j¾I fol mqrd .kq ,enQ mshjr ;jÿrg;a jHdma; lsÍu flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrñka <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka iïmQ¾Kfhka ;=rka lsÍu wmf.a wruqK fõ' <ud

Y%uhg tfrysj" orejka thska wdrlaId lr iqrlaIs; lsÍu fmdÿ j.lSula jk w;r ta i|yd lKavdhula

jYfhka tlaj lghq;= l< hq;= jkafkah'

rgla jYfhka" <ud Y%uh Wfoid wm úiska isÿ lrkq ,enQ ld¾hhkays m%.;sh ms<sìUq lsÍug" ud fuh

wjia:djla lr .ksñ' j¾I 2015$2016 § isÿ lrk ,o <ud l%shdldrlï iólaIKh wkqj" j¾I 2008$2009

§ isÿ lrkq ,enQ mQ¾j <ud iólaIKhg idfmalaIj Y%S ,xldj ;=< <ud Y%uh 60] lska my; jeà we;'

wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmfha miqjk orejka ie<lsh hq;= f,i wvq ù we;' <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmh

;=rka lsÍu i|yd ie<lsh hq;= YlH;djhla Y%S ,xldj i;= jk w;r" tu ld¾hh i|yd l,dmh ;=<

fmruqK f.k isà'

úúO rdcH wdh;khka iuÕ iduQysl m%h;akhlska hq;=j lghq;= lsÍu ;=<ska" <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ

iajrEmh wjika lsÍu iy tlS m%;sM, ;sridr lr.ekSu i|yd odhl;ajh ,nd §ug fuu m%;sm;a;sh iydh

jkq we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kexùug wod< iïnkaëlrKh iy iudf,dapkh lsÍu i|yd lïlre

wud;HdxYh úiska cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj Yla;su;a lrkq we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sh M,odhSj l%shdjg

kexùu Wfoid jD;a;Sh iñ;s iy fiajH ixúOdk iuÕ lghq;= lsÍug wm bÈßfha§ n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jkafkuq'

fuu kj m%;sm;a;sfhys j¾Okh" <ud Y%uh iïnkaO .eg¿j,g rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl wdh;khkays

wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfuys,d uy;a Wmldrhla jkq we;s nj uu úYajdi lrñ' fuu m%;sm;a;sh ilia lsÍu

i|yd wm%;sy; W;aidyhla oerE wud;HdxYfha f,alï we;=¿ iuia; ld¾h uKav,h iy cd;Hka;r

lïlre ixúOdkh fj; udf.a m%Yxidj mqo lrñ'

ví' ã' fÊ' fifkúr;ak

lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;H

lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd

inr.uqj ixj¾Ok .re wud;H

ví'ã'fÊ' fifkúr;ak ue;s;=udf.a m‚jqvh


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh VI

ZZ

zzm%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kexùu" wmf.a wruqK mßmQ¾K

jYfhka w;am;a lr .kakd ;=re wLKavj mj;sk

l%shdj,shla jkq we;'ZZ

zzY%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu Wfoid wmf.a lemùu

h<s h<s;a wjOdrKh lruq'ZZ


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh VII

ZZ

Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh m%ldYkh lsÍfï§ ta i|yd iqNdYsxYk

m‚jqvhla ksl=;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,eîu udf.a w;suy;a i;=gg lreKls'

w;s.re ckdêm;s ffu;%Smd, isßfiak ue;s;=uka iy .re w.%dud;H rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=ukaf.a

kdhl;ajh hgf;a" rch <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍfï fufyjfrys fkdie,S /£ isák w;r" m%;sM, ;sridr

lr .ekSug lghq;= lrhs' wd¾Ól iy idudcSh jákdlï folskau hq;= <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu flfrys

wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï jeo.;alu wms y÷kd .kafkuq' uõjreka ish l=vd orejka w;yer /lshd i|yd

ueofmrÈ. rgj,a lrd ixl%uKh jk wjia:dj,§" mjqf,ys idudÔh jákdlu flfrys jeä wjOdkhla

fhduq ù we;' fujeks orejka mdie,a yer hdfï iy <ud Y%ufhys fh§fï wjOdkug ,laj we;' Y%S

,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh" fufia ;ukaf.a mjq,a iuÕ Ôj;a fkdjk iy

wkdrlaIs; orejka flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lrkq ,nhs'

m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kexùu" wmf.a wruqK mßmQ¾K jYfhka w;am;a lr .kakd ;=re wLKavj mj;sk

l%shdj,shla jkq we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sh uÕska wk¾:ldÍ ld¾hhkays kshef,k orejka o we;=¿j <ud

Y%ufhys ksr; jhi wjqreÿ 18 g wvq orejka 50"000 lg muK Rcqj m%;s,dN ysñ jkq we;'

fuu m%;sm;a;sh iïmdokh lsÍfuys,d lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok .re

wud;H ví' ã' fÊ' fifkúr;ak ue;s;=ud iy wud;HxY f,alï we;=¿ ld¾h uKav,h iy cd;Hka;r

lïlre ixúOdkh úiska orkq ,enQ W;aidyhg udf.a lD;{;djh m< lrkq leue;af;ñ'

Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu Wfoid wmf.a lemùu h<s h<s;a wjOdrKh lruq'

rùkaø iurùr

lïlre yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d rdcH wud;H

lïlre yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d .re rdcH wud;H

rùkaø iurùr ue;s;=udf.a m‚jqvh


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh VIII

zzfï iïnkaOfhka orK ,o W;aidyh orejkayg

wOHdmkhg m%fõY ùug mj;sk ndOl bj;a lsÍu

i|yd iydh jk w;r rfgys ixj¾Okh i|yd jk

jákd wdfhdackhls' i;H jYfhkau" <ud whs;sjdislï

iqrlaIs; lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd" <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka l%shdldÍ m%;sm;a;shla mej;Su jeo.;a fõ'ZZ


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh IX

jev f,dalh ;=< <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍfï hym;a mßphka orejkag jvd fyd| mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍu

i|yd odhl fõ' úúO md¾Yjlrejka yryd u;= jQ yf~ys m%;sM,hla jYfhka <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu

ms<sn| l;sldj j¾;udkfha§ wLKavj wjOdkhg fhduq flf¾' fï iïnkaOfhka orK ,o W;aidyh

orejkayg wOHdmkhg m%fõY ùug mj;sk ndOl bj;a lsÍu i|yd iydh jk w;r rfgys ixj¾Okh

i|yd jk jákd wdfhdackhls' i;H jYfhkau" <ud whs;sjdislï iqrlaIs; lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd"

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu iïnkaOfhka l%shdldÍ m%;sm;a;shla mej;Su jeo.;a fõ' fï wkqj lïlre"

jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh <ud Y%uh uq,skqmqgd oeóu i|yd jQ l%shdldÍ

iy ksjdrK mshjr úêu;a lsÍu Wfoid Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh

iïmdokh lr we;'

fuu cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh j.lsjhq;= rdcH wdh;k" fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdk iy <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl

fufyhqï lñgqfõ ish¿u idudðlhka iïnkaO fjñka" ff;%hsmd¾Yùh WmfoaYk l%shdj,shla u`.ska

iïmdokh lrkq ,en we;' fuu m%;sm;a;sfhys id¾:l;ajh Wfoid" m%Odk md¾Yjlrejka w;r mj;sk

Yla;su;a iïnkaëlrKh b;d jeo.;a jk w;r tys m%;sM, idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd" cd;sl fufyhqï

lñgqfõ idudðlhskaf.a WmfoaYl;ajh iys;j M,odhSj l%shdjg kexùfï hdka;%Khla ia:dms; flfrkq

we;'

fuu m%;sm;a;sh iïmdokh lsÍfï iuia: l%shdj,sh mqrd kdhl;ajh ,nd foñka uÕ fmkajQ lïlre"

jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok .re wud;H ví,sõ' ã' fÊ' fifkúr;ak ue;s;=ud iy

lïlre yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d .re rdcH wud;H rùkaø iurùr ue;s;=ud fj; udf.a lD;{;djh

m< lsÍug leue;af;ñ'

<ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqfõ idudðlhka úiska ,nd ÿka odhl;ajh ms<sn|j ud lD;{mQ¾jl

jk w;r" cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh ^ILO& iy tlai;a ckmo lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=j ^USDOL&

úiska wm fj; ,nd ÿka ;dlaI‚l iy uQ,H iydh iïnkaOfhka udf.a úfYaI ia;+;sh msßkeóug

leue;af;ñ'

wud;HdxYfha fcHIaG kS;s WmfoaYl wd¾' mS' úu,fiak uy;d iy fuu l¾;jHh i|yd iïnkaOj

lghq;= l< wud;HdxYfha iy lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ish¿u ks,OdÍka fj; o lD;{;dj m<

lsÍug ud fuh wjia:djla lr .ksñ'

tia' ta' ksu,a irK;siai

f,alï

lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh

fmrjok iy ia;+;sh


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh X


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh XI

mgqk

msgq wxl

idrdxYh 01

1' m%;sm;a;sh i|yd miqìu 05

2' <ud Y%u ;;a;ajh 06

3' ffk;sl yd m%;sm;a;s ld¾hrduqj 07

3'1 ffk;sl ld¾hrduqj 07

3'2 m%;sm;a;s miqìu 09

4' m%;sm;a;s mrud¾: 10

5' m%;sm;a;sfhys úIh m:h 10

6' m%;sm;a;sfhka m%;s,dN ,nkakka 11

7' l%shd;aul lsÍu 11

7'1 wdh;ksl jHqyhka iy hdka;%K 11

7'2 m<d;aj, iy Èia;%slalj, iïnkaëlrKh 12

7'3 fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdk iuÕ yjq,aldr;ajh 13

7'4 fm!oa.,sl wxYh iuÕ yjq,aldr;ajh 13

8' m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsßfuys,d m%Odk Wmdh ud¾. 14

8'1 mq¿,a jQ m%;sm;a;shla yd l%shdldÍ ikao¾Nhla ;=< kj m%fõYhla f.dvkeÕSu 14

8'2 fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jQ wju jhi jeälsÍug m%h;ak oeÍu 14

8'3 wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis M,odhs f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu m%j¾Okh lsÍu 14

8'4 fiajd kshqla;s fldkafoais n,d;aul lsÍu 15

8'4'1 ;reK mqoa.,hska mqyqKq lsÍu 15

8'4'2 wka;¾ yd wNHka;r ksfhdað;dh;k wdY%s; iyfhda.s;d hdka;%K 15

8'5 n,d;aul moaO;sh Yla;su;a lsÍu 15

8'5'1 mqyqKqj 15

8'5'2 jhi ;yjqre lsÍu 15

8'5'3 lïlre mÍlaIKh i|yd taldnoaO m%fõYh 15

8'5'4 kvq mejÍu ld¾hlaIu lsÍu yd o~qjï meñKùu 16

8'6 meñ‚,s l%shdmámdàka mj;ajd .ekSu 16

9' ikaksfõokh - <Õdùu yd miqúmru 16

10' iïm;a 16

11' iudf,dapkh iy we.hsu 17

12' wjodkï iy wNsfhda. 17

13' m%;sm;a;s iïmdokfha ndOd 18

14' ld, iSudj 18

weuqKqu - 1 19


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh XII


lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh 1

idrdxYh

<ud Y%uh je<elaùug iy ;=rka lsÍug ;=vq fok l%shdud¾. we;=¿" <uhska yd ;reK mqoa.,hka

iïnkaOfhka jQ Y%S ,xldfõ wdxYsl ne¢hdjla iys; mQ¾K il%Sh njlska hqla;j l%shd;aul lsÍfuys,d

wkq.ukh lsÍu ms‚i ld¾hrduqjla imhkq ,nkakd jQ myiqfjka wjfndaO lr .; yels iy

m%dfhda.sl m%;sm;a;shla wjYH fõ'

<ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ms<sn| Wmdh ud¾.sl ie,eiau-2016 ̂ Road map - 2016& ̂ <ud Y%uh Y=kH

lsÍu i|yd tla tla ld¾hNdrh kshu flfrk jevigyk&" <uhska i|yd jQ cd;sl l%shdldÍ ie,eiau

^2010-2014&" <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ;=rka lsÍu i|yd jQ cd;sl l%shdldÍ ie,eiau-2004

^flgqïm;&" Y%S ,xldfõ Y%uh iQrdlEu i|yd <uhska kS;s úfrdaë f,i fhoùug tfrys ùu ms‚i

jQ cd;sl l%shdldÍ ie,eiau-2001 iy fjk;a fiiq ie,iqï we;=¿ <uhska ms<sn| úúOjQ;a wfkHdkH

jYfhka iïnkaOjQ;a" cd;sl l%shdldÍ ie,iqï Y%S ,xldj i;= fõ' <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka

;=rka lsÍfuys,d jQ cd;sl l%shdldÍ ie,iau-2004 flgqïmf;ys uQ,sldx.hka" <uhska i|yd jQ cd;sl

l%shdldÍ ie,eiafuys ^2004-2008 iy 2010-2014& talrdYS lr we;'

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla uÕska myiqfjka wjfndaO lr .; yels" iyfhda.S

iy j.lsj hq;= l%shdud¾. fukau tlS l%shdud¾.j,g uÕ fmkaùu i|yd jQ uQ,O¾u iy mD:q, oelaula

iy j.lSula i,id § ;sfí' ta ksid úfYaIfhka" wúêu;a wxYh i|yd mokula jYfhka o rch yd

fm!oa.,sl wxYh úiska j.lsj hq;= jD;a;Sh lghq;=j, kshe,Sfï mokula jYfhka o fuu m%;sm;a;sh

l%shdlrkq we;' ie,iqï.; m%;sm;a;shla uÕska" <ud Y%uh je<elaùu yd ;=rka lsÍu ms‚i jQ jevigyka

fjkqfjka iïm;a fjka lsÍu" m%Odk j.lSï mj;sk wjia:dfõ§ tajd úia;r lsÍu iy l%shdud¾. .ekSu

ms‚i mrdñ;sl ksYaÑ; jYfhka oelaùu i|yd m%{df.dapr mokula i,id,kq ,nk w;r" m%.;sh

we.hSu yd j.ùu ms<sn| ;lafiare lsÍu ms‚i mokula i,ikq ,nhs'

Y%S ,xld rch" 1973 wxl 138 orK fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jQ wju jhi ms<sn| iïuq;sh iy 1999

wxl 182 orK <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ms<sn| iïuq;sh hk cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdk

iïuq;s ms<sf.k ;sfí' 2010 j¾Ifha §" fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdk iuÕ idlÉPd lr ilia lrk ,o

wk;=reodhl /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis md¾,sfïka;=j úiska wkqu; lrk ,§' th 1956 wxl 47 orK

ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn| mk; hgf;a m%isoaêhg m;a lrk ,o

w;r" tuÕska <ud Y%ufha ydkslr iajrEmhka 51 la y÷kd .kakd ,§' we;eï wxYj, fiajd kshqla;sh

i|yd jQ wju jhi jeä ù ;sfnk w;r" kj wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh uÕska wksjd¾h wOHdmk jhi wjqreÿ

16 olajd jeä lr we;' fuu fjkia lsÍu i|yd lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok

wud;HdxYfha iydh ,nd fok ,§'

ol=Kq wdishdfõ wfkl=;a rgj,a iuÕ ii|k úg Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿j W.% fkdjQjo"

rfÜ fõ.j;a yd ixj¾Ok kHdh m;% uÕska <ud Y%uhg <uhska f.dÿreùfï m%jK;dj jeäùug

odhl;ajhla iemfhk nj y÷kd .ekSu ksid <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmh wjika lsÍfï yÈis

wjYH;dj by< f.dia ;sfí'

wOHdmkh yd fi!LHh jeks m%Odk rdcH fiajdjkays .=Kd;aulNdjh" wod<;dj yd ;sridr;ajh imqrd

.ekSu ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfï jeo.;alu rch y÷kd f.k we;' ldka;d Y%u n,ldfha iyNd.S;aj

wkqmd;h fukau ;reK /lshd kshqla;sh by< kexùu o wNsfhda.hls' l=vd <uhska isák uõjreka

/lshd i|yd ueofmrÈ. n,d ixl%uKh jk úg" mjq, i|yd jk iudc msßjefhys by< hdula we;s

jk nj y÷kdf.k we;' tu ;;a;ajh <uhska mdie,aj,ska neyer ù <ud Y%ufhys ksr;ùfï f.dÿre

njg m;aùug tla fya;=jls' ñka meyeÈ,s jkafka lsis÷ ;ks wdh;khlg ;ksju <ud Y%uh ;=rka l<

fkdyels njh'



<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sfha mrud¾:h jkafka" m%Odk md¾Yjlrejka iuÕ cd;sl yd

m<d;a uÜgïj, § iyfhda.fhka l%shd;aul lsÍu" kS;sh iM,odhS f,i n,d;aul lsÍu" m%Odk ixj¾Ok

m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka ;=<g <ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿ we;=,;a lsÍu iy Y%S ,xldfõ fh!jkhka i|yd

;sridr Ôjk m%fõYhla m%j¾Okh lr ta i|yd myiqlï iemhSu ;=<ska <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhg

m%uqL;djh ,nd foñka Y%S ,xldfjka <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu yd tys m%;sM, ;sridrj mj;ajd f.k hduhs'

lïlre wud;HdxYfha úIh m:h ie,l+ úg" fuu m%;sm;a;sh id¾:lj l%shdjg kexùfï Wmdh ud¾.h

úh hq;af;a cd;sl iy m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï ixj¾Ok Wmdh ud¾. ;=<g <ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿j we;=,;a

lsÍuhs' fuys§ rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl hk fowxYfhau iyNd.s;ajh w;HjYH fõ'

<uqka úlsŒu ^ish¿ iajrEmfhka& iy cdjdrï i|yd fhdod .ekSu" n,y;aldrfhka fyda wksjd¾h n|jd

.ekSu" wh:d l%shdldrlï we;=¿ n,y;aldrfhka fyda wksjd¾fhka Y%uh ,nd .ekSu" .‚ld jD;a;sh"

wiNH ksIamdok fyda wiNH rÕ oelaùï i|yd <uqka fhdod .ekSu" ,nd .ekSu fyda ,nd§u" u;aøjH

ksIamdokh iy úlsŒfï wh:d l%shdldrlï i|yd <ufhl= fhdod .ekSu" ,nd .ekSu fyda ,nd§u" ish¿

iajrEmfha kS;s úfrdaë fjf<|dï lghq;=j, ksr;j isák <uhska fukau wk;=reodhl ld¾hhkays

ksr;j isákq we;ehs lshkq ,nk <uhska we;=¿ <ud Y%uh ms<sn| iólaIKh uÕska weia;fïka;= lr

we;s wjqreÿ 18 g wvq 100"000 la muK jQ <uhska fuu m%;sm;a;sfhys iDcq m%;s,dNSka jYfhka i,lkq

,efí'

jl% m%;s,dN jYfhka ;rÕldÍ yd olaI;d iys; Y%u n,ldhlska iukaú; jHdmdr mej;Su" <ud Y%ufhka

f;dr ;sridr jQ md,k moaO;shla ìysùu oelaúh yelsh'

l%shd;aul lsÍu

wdh;ksl jHqyh" hdka;%Kh yd iïnkaëlrKh ( <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï" wëlaIKh lsÍfï yd jd¾;d lsÍfï

uQ,sl j.lSu lïlre wud;HdxYh yd lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=j i;= fõ' m%;sm;a;sh id¾:l jkq ms‚i

th foaYSh ikao¾Nh ;=< M,odhs f,i l%shdjg kexùfuys,d ;=vq Èh yels mq¿,a mrdihl jQ yjq,alrejka

yd md¾Yjlrejka úiska Tjqkaf.a jevigyka ;=< wka;¾.; l< hq;=h' ta i|yd cd;sl" m<d;a" Èia;%sla"

m%dfoaYSh yd .%du ks,Odß uÜgñka wdh;k w;r ;sriaj yd isriaj iïnkaëlrKh iy;sl flfrkq we;'

lïlre wud;HdxYh <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqfõ l%shdldÍ;ajh Yla;su;a lrkq we;s w;r

tu lñgqj m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd jQ ˜f,alï ld¾hd,h˜ jYfhka l%shdlrkq we;' ;jo" th

m<d;a yd Èia;%sla jHqyhka iuÕ fukau fjk;a iyfhda.S yjq,alrejka iuÕ iómj lghq;= lrhs' tfiau

Èia;%slal 25 ys <ud Y%uh ms<sn| ;;a;ajhka wëlaIKh lsÍu i|yd fukau tlS ;;a;ajh ;lafiare lsÍu

i|yd o j.lshkq we;'

m<d;a uÜgfï§" <ud Y%uh iïnkaO jeo.;a lreKq iy m%;spdr iajlSh ie,iqïj,g taldnoaO lrñka"

<ud Y%uhg tfrysj iïnkaëlrK l%shdud¾. iy;sl lsÍu m<d;a f,alï ld¾hd,h úiska isÿ lrkq we;'

Èia;%slal uÜgfï§" <uhskag wod< l%shdud¾. i|yd jQ iïnkaëlrK ld¾hNdrh" Èia;%sla <ud ixj¾Ok

lñgqj úiska bgq lrhs' <ud Y%uhg tfrys iïnkaëlrK l%shdud¾.j,g iydh oelaùu i|yd Èia;%sla <ud

ixj¾Ok lñgqj,g yelshdjla we;' Èia;%sla f,alïjrhd úiska iNdm;s;ajh Wiq,kq ,nk Èia;%sla <ud

ixj¾Ok lñgqj úiska <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu" Èia;%sla ixj¾Ok ie,iqïj, m%Odk m%jdyhg tl;=lsÍu iy

Èia;%slal uÜgïj, b,lal i|yd m%fõYùug m%udKj;a m%;sm;a;suh myiqlï iemhSu iy;sl lrkq ,efí'

tla tla Èia;%slalh <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍfï ;;a;ajhkag <Õd jQ úg" tlS ;;a;ajh ;lafiare lrkq ,nk

w;r l%ufõohka ;yjqre lsÍu fuu tallh uÕska isÿ lrkq ,efí' wk;=rej" fuu tallh úiska tla

tla Èia;%slalh —<ud Y%ufhka f;dr njg˜ iy;sl lrkq we;'

m<d;a yd Èia;%slal uÜgïj,§ l%shdldÍ uOHia:dk msysgqúh hq;=h' <ud Y%uh ms<sn| tjeks uOHia:dk

ks,OdÍka iajlSh m<d;a iy Èia;%slalj," m<d;a iy Èia;%sla mßmd,khka úiska m;a flfrkq we;'

jevigyka yryd .eg¿ m%Odk m%jdyhg tl;= lsÍu iy .kq ,nk l%shdud¾. l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd jQ



wdh;ksl iïnkaëlrKhg" <ud ixj¾Ok lñgq iuÕ Tjqka iyfhda.Sj lghq;= lr;s'

tla tla m<d; yd Èia;%slalh" lïlre wud;HdxYh iuÕ idlÉPd lsÍfuka miqj" tlS Èia;%slal úiskau

tu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍug iydh olajk jvd;a YlH;djfhka hqla;" M,odhs yd fhda.H;u ia:dkh

jYfhka ilia lrkq we;'

fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdk iu`. yjq,aldr;ajh (<ud Y%uh wjika lsßfï§ yd je<elaùfï§ fukau kS;Hdkql+, jev lsÍfï jhfia ;reK lïlrejkaf.a

wdrlaIdj iy;sl lsßfï§ fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdkj,g cd;sl uÜgfï isg ìï uÜgu olajd jQ Tjqkaf.a

cd, yryd bgq l< hq;= jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla yd j.lSula mj;S' tys§ <ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿j m%Odk

m%;sm;a;s m%jdyhg we;=,;a lsßfï § fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdkj, ld¾hNdrh ;SrKd;aul idOlhla

fõ' fï iïnkaOfhka mqyqKqj yd b,lal we;=,;a jQ úfYaIs; l%shdud¾." lïlre wud;HdxYh yd <ud

Y%uh ms<sn`o cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqfõ fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdkj, ksfhdað;hka úiska y÷kd.kq

,nk w;r" m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd myiqlï o imhkq ,nhs'

fm!oa.,sl wxYh iuÕ yjq,aldr;ajh ( úêu;a yd wúêu;a iemhqï oduh ;=< nd,jhialrejka fkdue;sj W.;a yd iqÿiqlï,;a Y%u n,ldhla

f.dvkexùu i|yd odhl;ajh imhk fm!oa.,sl wxYhg" ta ta lafIa;%hkays" m%;sm;a;s yd mshjr l%shdjg

kexùfï§ tajd cd;sl kS;s Í;s yd wdpdr O¾u ix.%y fyda iïuq;sj,g wkql+, njg iy;sl lsÍu i|yd

j.lSula mj;S' ta ;=<ska" Y%S ,xldjg ;rÕldÍ;ajhla we;s lr .; yelsh'

lïlre wud;HdxYh úiska <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqfjys fiajH yd fiajl ksfhdað;hka

iuÕ idlÉPd lr" mqyqKqj we;=¿ fhdað; mshjrhka yd ta iïnkaOfhka jk b,lal y÷kdf.k tajd

l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd myiqlï imhkq ,efí'

iïm;a (lïlre wud;HdxYh yd <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk jevigyka

hgf;a wruqo,a imhd .ekSfï l%shdud¾. iy wod< ksfhdað;dh;khkays whjeh fukau <ud Y%uh

;=rka lsÍu yd tlS <uhska yd mjq,a È.=ld,Skj mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu i|yd w;sf¾l whjeh fjkalsÍu

fjkqfjka l%shd lrkq we;' lïlre" lDIsl¾u" jeú,s" wOHdmk" ixpdrl yd ëjr lghq;= hk wud;HdxY"

cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj úiska ;SrKh lrk ,o yd b,a,d isákq ,nk m%;smdok tu wud;HdxYhkays

whjeh ;=<ska fjka lsÍï isÿ lrkq we;'

m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuys,d m%Odk Wmdhud¾. mq¿,a jQ m%;sm;a;sfhys m%Odk m%jdyh yd l%shdud¾. ikao¾Nh

wfmalaId lrk m%;sM, imqrd .ekSfï Wmdh ud¾.h jkafka uqLH Odrd Wmdh ud¾.hhs' tuÕska <ud Y%uh

ms<sn| ixisoaêfhys fndfyda .eg¿ i|yd taldnoaO yd iïmQ¾K m%;spdr olajkq ,eîu ms‚i <uhskaf.a

yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a wjYH;d yd wfmalaIdjka" cd;sl ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s" Tjqkaf.a ta ta jevigyka

yd whjeh ie,iqï lsÍfï§ iy l%shdjg kexùfï § fhdod .kq ,efí'

fï iïnkaOfhka we;s jeo.;alu" cd;sl udkj iïm;a yd fiajd kshqla;s m%;sm;a;sh-2012" ;reK fiajd

kshqla;sh ms<sn| cd;sl l%shdldÍ ie,eiau-2006" zziuDoaêhZZ jeks iudc iqNidOk jHdmD;s" wOHhkh

yd jD;a;Sh wkq.; ùu i|yd fhda.H yd m%udKj;a myiqlï ie,iSu" fiajfha kshqla; lrk mqoa.,hka

we;=¿ <uhskaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,kaf.a wdrlaIdj yd iqNidOkh iy Tjqkaf.a ixj¾Okh m%j¾Okh

lsÍu ms‚i fhda.H yd m%udKj;a myiqlï ie,iSu hkdÈh uÕska o ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs'

m%;sm;a;sh l%shdjg kexùfuys,d jQ m%Odk Wmdhud¾.j,g wka;¾.; ld¾hhka(

² wOHdmkh iïmQ¾K ùu i|yd jQ jhi yd fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jQ wju jhi w;r wkql+,;dj

idlaId;a lr .ekSu'

² wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis l%shd;aul lsÍu" Yla;su;a lsÍu iy ta ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh

yd kvq mejÍfï l%shdmámdáh Yla;su;a lsÍu'



² fiajd kshqla;s fldkafoais n,d;aul lsÍu iy Ndú;h" m%;sm;a;suh l%shdud¾. yd uQ,Huh lemùu

;=<ska wúêu;a fiajd ia:dkj,g o m%fõY úh yels mßÈ lïlre mÍlaIK l%shdj,sh yd tys n,mEu

mq¿,a lsÍu'

² <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍfï ld¾hh ms‚i ;reK mqoa.,hka mqyqKq lsÍu'

² 1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn| mkf;a

fõ;k yd m%;s,dN i|yd jQ úêúOdk l%shd;aul lsÍu j¾Okh'

² ksfhdað;dh;k ;=< iy ta w;r iyfhda.s;d hdka;%Kh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu'

² 1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka iy <uhska fiajfha fhoùfï mk; iy

wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis yd fjk;a wod< jHjia:dms; kS;sÍ;s M,odhs f,i fhdod

.ekSu ;=<ska úfYaIfhkau fjk;a mshjr w;r mqyqKqj" jhi ;yjqre lsÍu" lïlre mÍlaIK

i|yd jQ taldnoaO m%fõYh" M,odhs f,i kvq mejÍï yd ov iy meñ‚,s l%shdmámdáhla

mj;ajdf.k hdu ;=<ska n,d;aul lsÍfï moaO;sh Yla;su;a lsÍu'

² ikaksfõok cd,h ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh uÕska .eyekq <uhskaf.a" fh!jkhkaf.a" ixl%u‚lhkaf.a

fyda kS;súfrdaë lghq;=j,g fhdod .efkk iy iajlSh mjq,a iuÕ Ôj;a fkdjkakd jQ <uhska yd

wkdrlaIs; <uhskaf.a ;;a;ajh ms<sn| úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq flfrhs'

ikaksfõokh - m%fõY ùu yd m%;spdr (

<ud Y%uh ms<sn| M,odhs ikaksfõokhla we;slr l%shd;aul lrkq we;' mj;sk l%shdud¾. yd m%;sm;a;s

wod< yd M,odhs jk njg iy;sl ùu ms‚i miqúmrï lsÍu i|yd úfYaI wjOdkhla fhdokq we;'

iudf,dapkh yd we.hSu (

l%shdud¾. yd m%;sM, iudf,dapkh lsÍu i|yd m<d;a yd Èia;%slalj," m<d;a f,alïjreka yd Èia;%sla

<ud ixj¾Ok lñgqj,ska iukaú; ikaksfõok cd, yryd m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuys,d jQ wNHka;r

iudf,dapkh jd¾Isl mokula u; lïlre wud;HdxYh uÕska isÿlrkq we;' ta uÕska m%;sm;a;sfhys

.uka uÕ i|yd jQ hï fjkila we;=¿ fidhd .kq ,nk lreKq yd ks¾foaY wju uÜgulska cd;sl

fufyhqï lñgqj fj; bÈßm;a flfrkq we;'

<ud Y%u ;;a;ajh ms<sn| weia;fïka;= yd f;dr;=re imhk <ud l%shdldrlï iólaIKj,ska yd fjk;a

iólaIKj,ska fidhd .kq ,nk lreKq ;=<ska wNHka;r iudf,dapkh m%;s,dN ,nkq we;'

wjodkï yd wNsfhda. (

m%;sm;a;sfhys id¾:l;ajh r|d mj;skafka wjodkï yd wNsfhda. wjfndaO lr .ekSu yd l<ukdlrKh

lr .ekSu u;h' úfYaIfhkau" we;eï lKavdhï yd wdh;k m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï uQ,sl

wÈhrj,§ wjodkï yd wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK fohs' óg we;=,;a jk lKavdhï yd wdh;k kï" f¾Çh

fomd¾;fïka;= yd ksfhdað; wdh;k" fiajdfhdaclhka" mjq,a" mdie,a" .=rejreka yd mßmd,lhka" fiajd

ia:dk" m%cdjka" l=i,;d mqyqKq imhkakka" m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhka" fiajd imhkakka wdÈhhs'

ld, iSudj (

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu" tys wruqKq iïmQ¾Kfhkau idlaId;a

lr .kakd f;la isÿ lrf.k hñka mj;skakd jQ l%shdj,shla jkq we;' tlS l%shdj,sh cd;sl fufyhqï

lñgqj úiska wjYH hehs ie,flk mßÈ yd rch uÕska wkqu; flfrk mßÈ ixfYdaOkh" kùlrKh

yd hdj;ald,Sk lrkq we;'



m%;sm;a;sh i`oyd miqìu

ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha wfkl=;a rgj, w;aú| we;s wdldrhg" Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%u .eg¿j mq¿,a f,i

me;sÍ fkdue;' flfia jqjo mj;sk iudc" foaYmd,k jd;djrKh yd rfÜ ixj¾Ok b,lal idlaId;a

lr.; yels jkafka <ud Y%uh" tys jvd;au wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ^1 fldgqj&" ish¿ j.lSï orkakka yd

md¾Yjlrejka úiska m%;sm;a;sh il%Sh lsÍfuka yd ;sridr l%shdud¾. .ekSfuka iduQyslj úi£fukau

mu‚'

1 fldgqj( wxl 182 orK cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdk iïuq;shg wkqj <ud Y%ufha jvd;a wk¾:ldß iajrEm

Y%S ,xldj úiska ms<s.kq ,enQ" 1999 wxl 182 orK <ud Y%ufha jvd;a wk¾:ldß iajrEmhka ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdk iïuq;sfhys 3 jeks jHjia:dfjys jvd;a wk¾:ldß iajrEm j¾. lr

we;af;a fufiah'

^w& ikakoaO wr.,j,§ fhdod .ekSu ms‚i <uhska n,y;aldrfhka fyda wksjd¾h n|jd .ekSu

we;=¿ ^ish¿ wdldrfha& jy,aNdjhka fyda <uhska úlsŒu fyda kS;s úfrdaë lghq;=j,g fhdod

.ekSu" Kh ys,jq ms‚i <uhska odiNdjhg .ekSu iy n,y;aldrfhka jev .ekSu fyda wksjd¾h

Y%uh jeks jy,aNdjhg iudk mßphka¦

^wd& .‚ld jD;a;sh" wiNH ksIamdok fyda wiNH rx.k i|yd <ufhl= fhdod .ekSu" uqo,g .ekSu

fyda ,nd§u¦

^we& ;ykï l%shdldrlï úfYaIfhkau" u;aøjH ksIamdokh yd kS;súfrdaë f,i ñ,g .ekSu fyda

úlsŒu i|yd <ufhl= fhdod .ekSu" uqo,g .ekSu fyda ,nd§u¦

^wE& jefvys iajNdjh fyda th isÿ lrf.k hkq ,nk ;;a;ajhka wkqj <uhskaf.a fi!LHhg"

iqrlaIs;Ndjhg fyda iodpdrhg ydksúh yels jev'

1978 Y%S ,xld wdKavql%u jHjia:dfjys 27 ^13& j.ka;sh rdcH m%;sm;a;sh fufyhùfï uQ,O¾u uÕska

<uhskaf.a mQ¾K YdÍßl" udkisl" iodpdrd;aul" wd.ñl yd idudÔh ixj¾Okh muKla fkdj Y%uh

iQrdlEfuka fyda fjkia lr ie,lSfuka Tjqka wdrlaId lsÍu iy;sl jk mßÈ <uhskaf.a yd ;reKhkaf.a

hym; ms<sn|j úfYaI wjOdkhla iys;j m%j¾Okh lsÍu ms‚i rcfha j.lSu y÷kd.kq ,nhs'

1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn| mk; uÕska

<uhskaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a jev" jevlrk meh .Kk yd wod< fldkafoais kshdukh lrkq

,nk w;r" 2010 j¾Ifha wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis uÕska wk;=reodhl jD;a;Skays fhoùu

;ykï lrkq ,nhs' 1942 wxl 45 orK l¾udka;Yd,d wd{d mk;" 1941 wxl 27 orK mämd,l iNd

wd{d mk;" 1954 wxl 19 orK idmamq yd ld¾hd, fiajl mk;" 1923 wxl 01 orK bkaÈhdkq ixl%u‚l

lïlre wd{d mk; jeks fjk;a mk;a uÕska o" jhi wjqreÿ 14 g wvq <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ;ykï

lrkq ,nhs' óg wu;rj" fjk;a kS;s .Kkdjla uÕska rfÜ <ud Y%u ;;a;ajh ms<sn|j iDcqj fyda jl%j

wdjrKh lrkq ,nhs'

2 fldgqj( 1956 wxl 47 orK mk; wkqj" <uhska yd ;reK mqoa.,hka ms<sn| ks¾jpkh

1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn| mk; uÕska

<ufhl= hkq jhi wjqreÿ 14 g wvq ;eke;af;l= jYfhka o" ;reK mqoa.,fhl= hkq jhi wjqreÿ 14 g

t<ö we;s tfy;a wjqreÿ 18 g wvq ;eke;af;l= jYfhka o ks¾jpkh lrkq ,nhs'

<ud Y%uh ms<sn| l%shdud¾. .ekSug yels mßirhla we;s lsÍfuys,d kS;s uÕska odhl;ajh imhkq ,nk

w;r tajd l%shdfjys fhoùu wiSre fukau úfYaIfhka" kvq mejÍu" ms<s.; yels idlaIs wrlaId lsÍu"

idlaIslrejkaf.a wdrlaIdj iy ld¾hlaIu yd <ud ys;ldó jk whqßka nd,dmrdO wêlrK l%shdud¾.

iy;sl lsÍu iïnkaOfhka wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK§ug isÿ fõ'

01



<ud Y%u ;;a;ajh

<ud l%shdldrlï iólaIK (CAS) jd¾;dj" kS;Hdkql+, yd ;ykï l< hk foj¾.fhysu <uqkaf.a

jev ^/lshd& ms<sn| weia;fïka;= imhhs' j¾;udk jd¾;dfjka fukau tla ld, mßÉfþohl isg ;j;a

ld, mßÉfþohlg mj;sk keUqre;djhkaf.ka ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re" N+f.da,Sh m%foaYj,g m%uqL;dj

§ug iy läkï m%;spdrd;aul ueÈy;aùï wjYH jk .eg¿ iajrEmhkag iydh ùu ms‚i Ndú;d lrkq

we;' WodyrKhla jYfhka wk¾:ldÍ <ud Y%u .eg¿j,g ms<shï fh§ug iy /lshd kshqla;sh i|yd jQ

kS;Hdkql+, jhfiys ;reK mqoa.,hka wdrlaId lsÍu;a h'4

<ud l%shdldrlï iólaIK i|yd o;a; /ialr.kq ,nkafka wk¾:ldÍ <ud Y%u >Kh wdY%s;jh' fjk;a

>Khkays mj;sk <ud Y%ufha ish¿ iajrEmhka .%yKh lr .ekSu i|yd m%h;akhka oeÍu wjYH fõ'

tuÕska ,nd .kakd f;dr;=re" ie,iqï lsÍu iy l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd tla/ia lr .kshs'

we;eï wd¾Ól wxY úiska <ud Y%uh úYd, jYfhka fmd<Ujdf.k fhdod .kq ,nhs' fïjd w;r Y%S

,xldfõ ëjr" ixpdrl" l=vd yd fm!oa.,sl j;= iy .Dyia: Y%uh olakg we;' uiqka we,a,Su fyda ëjr

lghq;=" lDIsld¾ñl wxYhg we;=<;a fõ' 2010 <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhkays ,ehsia;=j uÕska"

uiqka we,a,Su$ëjr lghq;=j, <uhska fhoùu <uqka wjOdkug ,la lrkq ,nk l%shdldrlï f,i

y÷kd f.k we;s neúka th ;ykï lr we;' ixpdrl l¾udka;h ;=< úfYaIfhkau ;reK msßñ <uhska

,sx.slj iQrd lEug ,laùu m%Yakhls' ixpdrl lafIa;%h iS>%fhka jeäÈhqKq ùu iy tu lafIa;%h ;j

ÿrg;a mq¿,a lsÍug mshjr f.k ;sîu ksid n,j;a ie,ls,a,la fhduq lsÍu w;sYhskau jeo.;a fõ' m%Odk

02

1 <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj le|jkq ,eîu yd tys iNdm;s Oqrh oeÍu" lïlre wud;HdxYfha f,alï úiska isÿ lrkq ,nk w;r" th m%Odk f¾Çh

fomd¾;fïka;=" fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdkj, iy isú,a iudcfha ksfhdað;hkaf.ka iukaú; fõ'2 <ud Y%ufhka f;dr jQ l,dm we;s lsÍfuka <ud Y%ufha jvd;a wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ;=rka lsÍu i|yd jQ Èia;%sla m%Odk m%jdyfha l%fudamdhka ;=<ska r;akmqr

<ud Y%u ksoyia l,dm jeks Èia;%sla wdo¾Y mÍlaId lsÍu ms‚i jQ l%shdud¾.j,g uq,msß‚'3 <ud Y%uh ms<sn| 2010 f;jeks f.da,Sh iïfï,kh ^fya.a& iy 2013 isõjeks f.da,Sh iïfï,kh ^n%iS,h& i|yd Y%S ,xldj iyNd.s úh'4 <ud l%shdldrlï ms<sn| iólaIKh" ck yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j" ̂ 2008$2009& jd¾;djg wkqj ixLHdf,aLk yd f;dr;=re u.ska <ud Y%uh iïnkaOfhka

úfYaIfhkau ^jvd;a wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmj,ska tlla jk& 64"000 la muK jk wk¾:ldÍ <ud Y%ufhys ksr; <uqka" 100"000 muK jQ <ud Y%ufhys ksr; <uqka

yd jhi wjqreÿ 5-17 olajd jQ ;reK mqoa.,hka we;=<;aj úi÷ï fiùu i|yd yÈis mshjrj, wjYH;dj wjOdrKh lrkq ,nhs' ^tkï ñ,shk 4'3 la blau jQ

uq¿ m%udKfhka 2'5] la jk& ^iólaIKfha ld¾hrduqj uÕska fiajd kshqla;sfha jk <uqka ms<sn| kS;Hdkql+, ks¾jpkh blaujd ;sfí' tu ksid weia;fïka;=.;

ixLHdjka ;rul fjkia jQ ;;a;ajhla mj;S'&

<ud Y%ufhys ish¿ iajrEmhka ;=rka lsÍu yd je<elaùu Wfoid l%shdlrk w;ru" 2010 j¾Ifha§ rch"

<ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj1 Y%S ,xldfõ fiajdfhdacl ixúOdk yd jD;a;Sh iñ;s yd m%Odk

md¾Yjlrejka iuÕ tlaj jvd;a wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka fkdmudj wjika lsÍug Tjqkaf.a lemùu

fmrg jvd Yla;su;aj fhoùh'2 mrud¾: imqrd .ekSug iydh jkq ms‚i l%shdldÍ jevigyka iy

iuia; Wmdhud¾. y÷kd.ekSu we;=¿j 2010 j¾Ifha fr.=,dis yd Wmdh ud¾.sl ie,iqï ^Road map& ixj¾Okfhys m%;sM,hla f,i m%;sm;a;s ikao¾Nh n, .kajd m%Odk m%jdyhg tlaflß‚' f;dard.;a

cd;sl yd wdxYsl m%;sm;a;s iy <ud Y%uh flfrys n,mEï we;s lrk úYaf,aIKhg Ndckh flreKq

jevigyka m%Odk m%jdyhg tlalsÍfï uQ,sl m%h;akhka i|yd ks¾foaY uÕska uÕ fmkaú‚' tmuKla

fkdj" mshjr l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd wdh;ksl jHqyhla o ieliS ;snq‚'

cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska ms<s.ekSu yd tajdfhys wvx.= lreKq l%shdfjys fhoùu" Wmdhud¾." W.;a mdvï

yd hym;a mßphka ms<sn| f.da,Sh f;aud.; jevigyka iy idlÉPd we;=¿j rg ;=< <ud Y%uh ;=rka

lsÍu i|yd ork m%h;akhg Y%S ,xldj odhl fjhs'3 2010 j¾Ifha§ Y%S ,xldj" <ud Y%uh ms<sn| jvd;a

wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ;=rka lsÍug iajlSh iydh ,nd§u ms‚i m%;s{d §u Wfoid f.da,Sh m%cdj

iuÕ iïnkaO úh' tys cd;sl m%h;akhka" f.da,Sh oekqu yd rg ;=< jQ <ud Y%ufhys jvd;a wk¾:ldÍ

iajrEmhka m%uqL lr .ksñka <ud Y%uh wjika lsÍfuys m%.;sh i|yd odhl ù ;sfí' yjq,aldr;ajh"

iyfhda.S ie,iqï yd l%shdud¾. iy wkHkH j.lSï ;=,ska Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu i|yd jQ

cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh ^NPECL& yd tys l%shd;aulNdjh kj cjhlska l%shd;aul jkq we;'



ksfhdað;dh;k yd md¾Yjhka iuÕ jQ iïnkaO;d <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsrSu ms<sn`o cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh uÕska

iy;sl lrkq we;' tuÕska" <uhska i|yd iudfhdað; m%;spdrj,g uÕ fmkajkq we;'

m%dfoaYSh jeú,s iud.ï úiska <ud Y%uh Y=kH lsÍu i|yd jQ m%;sm;a;shla (Zero tolerance policy) wkq.ukh lr we;s w;r tuÕska fiajd kshqla;sfha wju jhi wjqreÿ 16 fyda 18 olajd jeä lr we;'

kuq;a l=vd iy fm!oa.,sl j;=j, <ud Y%uh m%Yakhls' l=vd iy fm!oa.,sl j;=j, mj;sk .eg¿ i|yd

úi÷ï fiùu ms‚i f;dr;=re yd iïm;a tlsfklg iïnkaO lr,Sfuys,d iyfhda.S;d yjq,aldr;ajhla

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn`o cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuka f.dvkef.kq we;' fulS .eg¿ w;r

by< oßø;d wkqmd;h" jeäysá lïlrejka w;r mj;sk u;aøjHj,g weíneysùu yd .Dyia: m%pKav;ajh

hk lreKq lemS fmfka' fuu idOl" mdie,a yerhdfï wkqmd;slh by< kexùu" <uhska kS;s úfrdaë

lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSu yd m%Odk jYfhka kd.ßl m%foaYj, <uqka .Dy fufyldr fiajfha fh§u"

udmshka fofokdu /lshd i|yd msg;aj hdu fya;=fjka ifydaor ifydaoßhka /ln,d .ekSu hkdÈhg

odhl fõ5' <ud l%shdldrlï ms<sn| iólaIKh uÕska mdie,a fkdmeñŒfï uQ,sl fya;= idOl jYfhka

wOHdmkh iïnkaOfhka we;s ÿ¾j, ld¾h idOkh" uQ,H ÿIalr;d" wdndê;nj yd <uqka wd¾Ól

lghq;=j, ksr;ùu oelaúh yelsh' wxY jYfhka .;a l< ixLHd;aul jYfhka" wd¾Ól ÿIalr;d ksid

mdie,a yer hk <uhska ixLHdj jeú,s wxYfha <uhska w;r by<u w.hla .kakd nj fidhdf.k we;s

w;r" .%dóh wxYfha <uhska w;r" wd¾Ól lghq;=j, ksr;ùu by<u w.h .kS'6 iuia:hla jYfhka .;a

l< mdie,a fkdmeñŒu jeä;u w.h we;af;a jeú,s wxYfha <uhska w;rh'7 fm!oa.,sl j;=j, mj;sk

fuu ;;a;ajhg odhl jk idOlj, úi÷ï fiùfï§ <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sfhys

olajd we;s mßÈ taldnoaO iy uekúka b,lal.; l< m%;sm;a;s iy ueÈy;aùï wjYH fõ'

ffk;sl yd m%;sm;a;s ld¾hrduqj

Y%S ,xld rcfha cd;sl ixj¾Ok ie,iqï" kS;s" m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka" fm!oa.,sl wdh;k" isú,a iudc

ixúOdk iy iudc jHqyh uÕska <uhskag mdie,a hEug yelsjk" <ud Y%ufhka ksoyiaj Ôj;aùug yd

iudc wdrlaIK mshjr uÕska Tjqkag yd Tjqkaf.a mjq,aj,g m%;s,dN ,nd .; yels miqìula ks¾udKh

lr we;' tfia jqjo" m%;s,dN" ndOl yd wNsfhda. legqj tk j;auka f.da,ShlrKh jQ wd¾Ólh ;=<ska

<uhskaj <ud Y%uh iy tys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka we;=¿ m%pKav;ajhg yd Y%uh iQrdlEug f.dÿreùu

jeäùfï wjodkulg m;aj ;sfí'

3'1 ffk;sl ld¾hrduqj

1978 Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrc jHjia:dj 12 ^1& j.ka;sh hgf;a iajlSh ck;djg

iudkd;au;djg yd fjkia f,i fkdie,lSug we;s whs;sh ms<sn|j iy;slhla ,nd fohs' th YdÍßl"

udkisl" iodpdrd;aul" wd.ñl yd iudc ixj¾Okh iy;sl lsÍu ms‚i <uqkaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a

hym; m%j¾Okh lsÍug iy Y%uh iQrdlEfuka yd fjkia f,i ie,lSfuka wdrlaId lsÍu o rdcH

m%;sm;a;sfha uQ,O¾uhka 27 ^13& jHjia:dj hgf;a rcfha j.lSu o tf,iu y÷kd .kshs'

1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùfï mk; uÕska <uhskaf.a yd

;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a jev" jev lrk ld,h yd fldkafoais kshdukh lrkq ,nhs' mk; uÕska <ufhl=

hkq jhi wjqreÿ 14 g wvq mqoa.,fhl= jYfhka o" ;reK mqoa.,fhl= hkq jhi wjqreÿ 14 g t<UqKq yd

wjqreÿ 18 g wvq mqoa.,fhl= jYfhka o ks¾jpkh lrkq ,efí'8 2001 j¾Ifha ud¾;= ui ms<s.kq ,enQ wxl

182 jk cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdk iïuq;sfhys 3^wE& jHjia:dj hgf;a jQ rcfha ne£u imqrd,Sfuys,d

03

5 úfYaIfhkau l=re÷" lcq yd ;,a jeks l=vd f;a j;= ysñlrejka fkdjk j;= we;=¿ fm!oa.,sl j;=j, Y%uh yd <ud Y%uh iïnkaO fldkafoais ms<sn| o;a; úr,h' 6 ck yd ixLHd f,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j" 2008$2009 ^Y%S ,xldj& ^msgq 21-24& 7 mQ¾j ck yd ixLHd f,aLk iólaIKh 2008$2009 ^msgq 22&8 2000 ckjdß 20 jeks osk wxl 1116$5 ork w;s úfYaI .eiÜ m;%h



fiajfha kshqla;ùfï wju jhig jeä <uhska wdrlaId lsÍu ms‚i <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka

ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla 2011 j¾Ifha ud¾;= ui wxl 1695$32 .eiÜ ksfõokhg wkqj ldka;djka" ;reK

mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn| 2010 fr.=,dis uÕska ks¾Kh lr ;sfí' fjk;a kS;s

.Kkdjla rfgys <ud Y%u ;;a;ajh iïnkaOfhka iDcqj fyda jl%j n,mEïlr ;sfí'

wk¾:ldÍ <ud Y%uh fyda" —tys iajNdjhka fyda th isÿlrf.k hkq ,nk ;;a;ajhka ;=< <uhskaf.a

fi!LHhg" wdrlaIdj fyda iodpdrhg ydkslr úh yels jev˜9" 1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK

mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn| mk; yryd iDcqj <ud Y%u .eg¿jg úi÷ï fiùu ms‚i"

lïlre wud;HdxYh iajlSh n,;, fhdod .kS'

1942 wxl 45 orK l¾udka;Yd,d wd{d mkf;ys yd 1954 wxl 19 orK idmamq yd ld¾hd, fiajl

mkf;ys o <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn|j m%;smdok mkjd ;sfí' 1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK

mqoa.,hska yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu ms<sn| mk;g wkqrEm;djlska hqla;j miqj olajd we;s mkf;a

fiajfha kshqla; ùfï wju jhi i|yka jk w;r" l,ska olajd we;s mk; uÕska fiajfha kshqla; ùfï

wju jhig jeä <ud lïlrejka i|yd f.ùu" w;sld, yd ksjdvq kshdukh lrkq ,nhs'

wúêu;a lafIa;%h ;=< <ud Y%uh Ndú;h ms<sn|j i,ld n,k úg <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka wdjrKh

lrkq ,nk oKav kS;s ix.%yh10 l%shdlrkakdla fuka lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾hhkag iydh fjñka

wúêu;a lafIa;%h11 ;=< <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhkays iy <ud Y%ufhys úIh iSudfõ isoaê kS;sh yuqjg

f.k tau ms‚i 1941 wxl 24 orK orejka yod jvd .ekSu ms<sn| wd{d mk;" 2005 wxl 34 orK .Dyia:

m%pKav;ajh je<elaùfï mk;" 1939 wxl 28 orK ;reK jrolrejka ̂ mqyqKq mdi,& ms<sn| wd{d mk; iy 1998

wxl 50 orK cd;sl <ud wdrlaIl wêldßh ms<sn| mk; i;=j m%udKj;a ;rï mq¿,a úIh m:hla ;sfí'

<ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka yd <ud Y%ufha fjk;a iajrEm b,lal lsÍu wkqj lïlre wud;HdxYh"

1999 wxl 182 orK <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEm ms<sn|j cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha iïuq;sfhys

úfYaIfhka i|yka lr we;s <ud Y%ufhys >Khka i|yd úfYaIs; mejrE ld¾hNdrhka iys; wud;HdxY

iuÕ <ud Y%uh je<elaùu yd ;=rka lsÍu i|yd j.lSu orhs'

<uhska úlsŒu yd kS;s úfrdaë lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSu" Kh i|yd odilug iy m%fõ‚odilug

.ekSu jeks îsh¿ iajrEmfha& jy,a fiajh fyda jy,a fiajhg iudk l%shdldrlï Y%S ,xldfõ

m%dfhda.slj w;aú¢h fkdyels w;r" ikakoaO wr.,j,§ fhdod.ekSu ms‚i <uhska n,y;aldrfhka

fyda wksjd¾hfhka n|jd .ekSu we;=¿ n,y;aldr fyda wksjd¾h Y%uh o" zz.‚ld jD;a;sh" wiNH

ksIamdok fyda wiNH yeisÍï i|yd <ufhl= fhdod .ekSu" ñ,g .ekSu fyda ,nd§u" úfYaIfhkau

u;aøjH ksIamdokh lsÍu iy kS;súfrdaë f,i úlsŒu jeks kS;s úfrdaë lghq;= i|yd <ufhl= fhdod

.ekSu" ñ,g .ekSu fyda ,nd§uZZ Y%S ,xldfõ m%dfhda.slj w;aú¢h fkdyelsh' flfiafj;;a <ud

Y%ufhys tjeks wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmfha .eg¿ we;sùu je<elaùu i|yd Y%S ,xldj i;=j kj m%fõYhla

;sîu wjYH fõ'

<ud Y%uh ms<sn| ;;a;ajh uq,skqmqgd oeóu u; isÿjk iDcq fyda jl% n,mEu mÍlaId lsÍu ms‚i wjYH

jk wfkl=;a kS;sÍ;s my; mßÈ fõ'

1841 wxl 4 orK whdf,a hkakka ms<sn| wd{d mk;" 1889 wxl 19 orK kv;a;= wd{d mk;" 1939 wxl

48 orK <uhska yd ;reK mqoa.,hka ms<sn| wd{d mk; (CYPO)" 1954 wxl 19 orK idmamq yd ld¾hd,

fiajl ̂ fiajd kshqla;s fr.=,dis yd mßY%ñl& mk;" 1956 wxl 48 orK <uhskaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a

^ydkslr m%ldYk& mk; fukau m;,a yd L‚c ms<sn| mk;" mqmqrk øjH ms<sn| mk;" 1935 wxl 14

orK jD;a;Sh iñ;s wd{d mk;" .‚ld ksjdi wd{d mk; iy wiNH m%ldYk wd{d mk; o óg wh;ah'

oKav kS;s ix.%yfha 360^w&" 360^wd& iy 288^w& j.ka;s ̂ ixfYdaê; mßÈ& uÕska .‚ld jD;a;sh i|yd jhi

wjqreÿ 18 g wvq nd, jhialrejka fhdod .ekSu" ñ,§ .ekSu fyda uqo,g ,nd§u ;ykï lsÍu we;=¿

9 1999 ^wxl 182& <ud Y%ufha jvd;a wkd¾:ldÍ iajrEm ms<snò cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha iïuq;sh'10 1995 wmrdO kvq úOdk ix.%yh îxfYdaOkh& 358 iy 360^b& j.ka;s'11 cd;sl <ud wdrlaIl wêldÍ mkf;a 33jeks j.ka;sh hgf;a" fmd,sia jfrka;=jla fkdue;sh jqjo" tfy;a ks<Odßfhl=g fyda wêldßhlg fokq ,nk ,sÅ;

Wmfoia wkqj m%fõY ùug iy mÍlaId lsÍug n,h wêldßhg mjrd ;sfí' fuu wêldßhg <ud wmfhdack wdjrKh lsÍug fyda fjk;a hï kS;Hdkql+,

wruqKla iòyd <uqka wdjrKh lsÍug n,h mjrd oS we;'



.‚ld fiajh wdY%s; mq¿,a mrdihl l%shdldrlï ;ykïlr ;sfí'

1995 wxl 22 orK mk; yd 1998 wxl 29 orK mk; uÕska ixfYdaê; mßÈ oKav kS;s ix.%yh" 1979

wxl 15 orK wmrdO kS;s ix.%yh iy 1995 wxl 20 orK iy 1998 wxl 28 yd 29 orK ixfYdaê; mk;a

uÕskao <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka iys; jQ <ud Y%uh i|yd ;=vq fok ;;a;ajhka yd l%shdud¾.

we;=,;aj <ud wdrlaIdj ms<sn| .eg¿ i|yd úi÷ï fidhkq ,nhs'

1998 wxl 01 orK wksjd¾h wOHdmkh ms<sn| mk; ^185 mßÉfþoh& uÕska rfÜ wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh

meyeÈ,s f,i uekúka i|yka lr we;s w;r th Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh my< uÜgul mej;Sug odhl

ù ;sfí' tlS mk; uÕska 1945 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fjñka mj;sk ksoyia wOHdmk m%;sm;a;sh iún,

.kajkq ,nhs' Y%S ,xldfõ idlaIr;d wkqmd;h 92]la jYfhka jd¾;d ù ;sfí' Y%S ,xld rch wksjd¾h

mdie,a meñŒfï jhi wjqreÿ 14 isg wjqreÿ 16 olajd jeä lrñka wOHdmk wd{d mkf;ys 37 jk

j.ka;sh hgf;a ^185 mßÉfþoh& 2015 wxl 01 orK <uhska wksjd¾hfhka mdi,g meñŒfï fr.=,dis

2016$04$20 Èk wxl 1963$30 orK .eiÜ m;%h uÕska m%ldYhg m;a lf<ah'

ta wkqj" fiajd kshqla;shg wod< kS;sho jhi wjqreÿ 14 isg wjqreÿ 16 olajd by< kexùu wjYH fõ' fuu

iudc m%;s,dN mj;ajd .eksu ms‚i t;l=ÿ jqj;a" <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ úúO iajrEmhka i|yd úi÷ï

fiùu iïnkaOfhka j.lsj hq;= wud;HdxY yd fomd¾;fïka;= w;r jQ n,mEfuys meyeÈ,s talrdYS ùula

iys;j wfkHdkH jYfhka iómj lghq;= lsÍu wjYH fõ'

3'2 m%;sm;a;s miqìu

<ud Y%ufha ;;a;ajfhys iy <uhskaf.a Ôú;j, fjkila we;slrkakd jQ m%Odk m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka

rdYshla ;sfí' fïjd úfYaIfhka <uhska yd <ud Y%uh b,lal lr.;a m%;sm;a;s ̂ <ud wdrlaIdj" wOHdmkh"

<ud Y%uh& jk w;ru úfYaIs; wd¾Ól wxY ^wfkl=;a oE w;r ëjr l¾udka;h$ëjr lghq;" jeú,s$j;="

ixpdrl" bÈlsÍï ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s jeks& b,lal lr.;a fyda ck.ykfha úfYaIs; Wm l=,l ^iudc

iqNidOkh yd ;reK mqoa., fiajd kshqla;sh jeks m%;sm;a;s& b,lal lr.;a iy idudkH ck.ykh

^cd;sl ixj¾Okh" fiajd kshqla;sh yd fi!LH& b,lal lr.;a úúO m%;sm;a;s o fõ'

ksÍlaIKh lr we;s mßÈ" taldnoaO m%;spdrhkays fjk;a ;SrKd;aul idOl .Kkdjla lïlre

wud;HdxYfha j.lSï hg;g fkdjefgk kuq;a th iEu wjia:djl§u wjYH iydh" iajlSh wkq.%yh

iy iyfhda.h olajkq ,nhs' tfia lsÍu ms‚i" wud;HdxYh m%Odk m%;sm;a;sj, yd jevigykaj,

<ud Y%u .eg¿ yd Bg iïnkaO jeo.;a f;dr;=re kj m%fõYhlg fhduq lsÍfï l%fudamdh u; uQ,slj

úYajdih ;nk w;r" ta ;=,ska" taldnoaO m%;spdr yd ;sridr n,mEula i|yd cd;sl" m<d;a yd Èia;%slal

uÜgïj,§ Tjqkaf.a iïnkaëlrKhg wjYH myiqlï i,id fohs'

weuqKqu 1 ys j.=j uÕska oelafjk wod< wKmk;a n,d;aul lsÍu i|yd ta ta wud;HdxY$ fomd¾;fïka;=j,g

mejÍ we;s ld¾hNdrhka iïnkaOj o< úYaf,aIKhla bÈßm;a lrhs' tfiau th Y%S ,xldj úiska ms<sf.k

we;s" <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ms<sn| wxl 182 ork iïuq;sfhys ksYaÑ;j olajd we;s <ud Y%u

>Khkays wk¾:ldÍ iajrEm y;r" m%Odk wKmk;a iuÕ iyiïnkaO lsÍug m%h;ak orhs'

2010 j¾Ifha § Y%S ,xld rch <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqfõ idudðlhka úiska uÕfmkajkq

,enQ woyia úuiSfï l%shdj,shl fmruqK f.k 2016 j¾Ih jk úg <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka

wjika lsÍu i|yd jQ f.da,Sh <ud Y%uh ms<sn| iïfï,kfha § m%;s{d ÿka w;r" Bg iu.dój b;d

blaukska ish¿ wdldrfha <ud Y%u iajrEmhka ;=rka lsÍu yd je<elaùu Wfoid lghq;= lf<ah' b,lal

;ju;a iïmQ¾Kfhkau imqrdf.k fkdue;s w;r" b,lal iïmQ¾K jYfhka idlaId;a lr.; fkdyels

jQ wjia:djl ta i|yd .; hq;= l%shdud¾. oelafjk jevigyka iy tajd yryd <ud Y%uh ms<sn|

.eg¿j,g ms<shï fhdok wdldrh ms<sn|j jQ úúO m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka iudf,dapkh lsÍu we;=¿j

Wmdh ud¾. ie,eiaula (Road map) iïmdokh lrk ,§' wk;=rej tys ks¾foaY u; mokïj Èia;%slal

yryd m%Odk m%jdyhg fhduq.; ùfï l%ufõohlg wj;S¾Kùu isÿ jQ w;r" b,lal imqrd .ekSfuys,d

md,khka mj;ajd .ekSug bjy,ajk whqßka <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn`o cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla we;slr

.ekSu ms‚i Yla;su;a mokula ie,iq‚'



m%;sm;a;s mrud¾:

iM,odhs n,d;aul lsÍu" m%Odk ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s yd jevigykaj,§ <ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿ m%Odk

m%jdyhg we;=,;a lsÍu" cd;sl yd m<d;a uÜgïj,§ m%Odk md¾Yjlrejka iuÕ iyfhda.Sj lghq;=

lsÍu" úfYaIfhkau Y%S ,dxlsl ;reKhkag WÑ; jev i|yd ;sridr m%fõYhla we;s lr Bg myiqlï

ie,iSu ;=<ska <ud Y%ufhys wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka ms<sn|j m%uqL;ajh foñka <ud Y%uh wjika lsÍu yd

je<elaùu ms‚i <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh odhl;ajh ,nd fohs'

m%;sm;a;sfhys úIh m:h

<ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿j" nyq-wdxYsl .eg¿j,ska iukaú;h' tneúka nyq-wdxYsl wdh;kj, odhl;ajh

iys; nyq-wdxYsl úi÷ï wjYH nj fy<s ù we;' .Dyia: oßø;dj" iudc wdrlaIK mshjr fkdue;slu"

<uhska ;=< we;sjk lïmk" mdie,a i|yd m%fõYhla fkdue;sùu ksid <uhska fiajd ia:dkj,g ;,a¨‍

ùu" m%Odk jYfhka .%dóh m%foaYj, mj;sk wkdrlaIs; m%fõY ia:dk yd kd.ßl wd¾Ólhka uÕska

fuu wkdrlaIs; <uhska ,dNodhs" wvq l=i,;d iys; iy kQ.;a lïlrejka jYfhka wka;¾.%yKh lr

.ekSu" m%udKj;a fkdjQ lïlre mßmd,kh iy mÍlaIK l%ufõohka hkdÈh <uqkag ;ykï lrk ,o

yd wk;=reodhl ld¾hhkays kshqla; ùug fm<Uùula we;s lrhs'

fjk;a rgj, fukau Y%S ,xldfõ <ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿j cd;sl uÜgfï úúO wud;HdxY iy tlS

wud;HdxYhkays m<d;a yd Èia;%slal uÜgïj, mj;sk ta ta fomd¾;fïka;= yd ld¾hd,j,g mejÍ

;sfnk ld¾hNdrh hg;g we;=<;a fõ' úfYaIfhkau" 2011 ud¾;= ui wxl 1695$32 orK wk¾:ldÍ

/lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis ^mkf;a 20^w& j.ka;shg wod,j& we;=¿j 1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK

mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùu kshdukh lsÍu i|yd jQ mk; l%shd;aul lsÍug wod< jk mßÈ

fuu m%;sm;a;sh lïlre wud;HdxYfha iDcqj ueÈy;aùu hgf;a l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs'

<ud Y%uh iïnkaOfhka n,mEula we;s lrkakd jQ fjk;a kS;s" fmdÿ m%;sm;a;s yd jevigykaj,g wod<

yjq,aldr;ajhka yryd o <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs' fïjd

w;r l¾udka;Yd,d wd{d mk;" idmamq yd ld¾hd, fiajl mk;" mä md,l iNd wd{d mk;" cd;sl

<ud wdrlaIl wêldß mk;" oKav kS;s ix.%yh" wksjd¾fhka mdi,g meñKSfï fr.=,dis iy ;D;Sh iy

jD;a;Sh wOHdmk fldñIka iNd mk; fõ' wêlrK" iudc iqNidOk" fmd,sia" mßjdi yd <udrlaIK"

<ud ixj¾Ok" wOHdmkh" fiajd kshqla;sh" fi!LH yd ;reK lghq;= hk úIh lafIa;%hka ms<sn| n,h

mjrkq ,enQ wud;HdxY yd tajdfha wdh;k we;=<;a jQ kuq;a tajdg iSud fkdjk mßÈ fjk;a wdh;k

iuÕ o iyfhda.Sj lghq;= lsÍu wjYH fõ'

04

05

2009 j¾Ifha § .egqï wjika ùu ksid foaYmd,k jd;djrKh" iduh yd ia:djrNdjh rg ;=< we;s ù ;sfí'

;dlaI‚l iydh we;=¿ wjYH iydh ie,fikafka kï" Y%S ,xldj ;=< <ud Y%ufha wk¾:ldÍ iajrEmhka

uq,skqmqgd oeóu imqrd,Su l< yelsh' ;sridr l%shdud¾. yd m%;sm;a;s ;=<ska <ud Y%uh iïnkaOfhka

iduQyslj úi÷ï fidhkafka kï rfÜ iudc wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok b,lal imqrd.; yels nj y÷kd .kshs'

<uhska ms<sn| Y%S ,xldfõ wfmalaIdjka iy rfÜ ixj¾Ok wNs,dIhka fukau <uhska ms<sn| foaYSh yd

cd;Hka;r ne£u u; mokï jk hdj;ald,Sk jQ kS;s yd m%;sm;a;s iy tajdfha l%shd;aulNdjh <ud Y%uh

ms<sn| .eg¿j flfrys wduka;%Kh lsÍfï§ w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ'



m%;sm;a;sfhka m%;s,dN ,nkakka

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu ms‚i" lïlre wud;HdxYh;a wfkl=;a

md¾Yjlrejkq;a úiska .kq ,nk mshjrj, m%;sM,hla jYfhka 100"000 muK blaujQ <uhska msßila

fuuÕska iDcqj m%;s,dN ,nk njg weia;fïka;= lr ;sfí' tfiau" <uqka úYd, m%udKhla <ud Y%uhg

m%fõYùfuka j<lajd,kq we;'12

² m<uqj yd uQ,sl jYfhka wk¾:ldÍ /lshdj, ksr;j we;ehs lshkq ,nk" wdikak jYfhka

64"000 la jQ <uqka wk¾:ldÍ /lshdj,ska uqojd,kq ,nk w;r fhda.H wOHdmkhlg" mqyqKqjlg"

mqkre;a:dmkhlg iy iudc.; lsÍfï fiajdj,g iïnkaO lrkq we;'

² kS;s úfrdaë lghq;= i|yd fhdod.ekSfuys f.dÿre njg m;aù isák fyda <uqka úlsŒu fyda kS;s

úfrdaë lghq;= i|yd fhdod .ekSu iy n,y;aldrfhka jev .ekSu fyda wksjd¾hfhka Y%uh

,nd .ekSu jeks wjodkïj,g uqyqK § isák <uqka"

² .‚ld jD;a;sfhys fyda wiNH ksIamdok fyda wiNH l%shdjkays f.dÿre njg m;aù isák <uqka"

iy

² úfYaIfhka u;aøjH" uOHidr yd fjk;a kS;súfrdaë øjH ksIamdokh iy kS;súfrdaë f,i

úlsŒu we;=¿ l%shdldrlïj, fh§ isák weia;fïka;= fkdl< <uqka'

;reK mqoa.,hska iy <ud Y%ufhka f;drùu hkak idlaId;a lr .ekSfï§" thska we;sjk n,mEï

;sridrj iy;sl flfrk M,odhs md,k moaO;s fukau W.;a" l=i,;d imsß iy olaI Y%u n,ldhla iys;

jHdmdr fuys wkshï m%;s,dNSka fõ' jl% m%;s,dN jYfhka ;rÕldÍ yd olaI;d iys; Y%u n,ldhlska

iukaú; jHdmdr mej;Su" <ud Y%ufhka f;dr ;sridr jQ md,k moaO;shla ìysùu oelaúh yelsh'

06

07l%shd;aul lsrSu

7'1 wdh;ksl jHqyhka iy hdka;%K

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï" wëlaIKh lsÍfï yd ta ms<sn| jd¾;d

lsÍfï uQ,sl j.lSu lïlre wud;HdxYh i;=j mj;S'

cd;sl uÜgfï§" lïlre wud;HdxYfha f,alïjrhd iNdm;s;ajh ork <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï

lñgqj (NSC)" <ud Y%u .eg¿j ms<sn| iïnkaëlrK yd <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh

l%shdjg kexùu i|yd WmfoaYl wdh;kh jYfhka o lghq;= lrkq we;' cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj

rcfha" fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdkhkaf.a iy rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhkaf.a ksfhdað;hkaf.ka iukaú;

m%;sm;a;sj,g wod< yjq,aldr;ajhka iy fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdkj, lghq;=" wdxYsl rdcH yd rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdkhka iy ksfhdað;dh;khkays lghq;= yryd o <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl

m%;sm;a;sh tf,iu l%shd;aul lrkq ,nhs'

12 wk¾:ldÍ /lshdj, ksr; <uhska ms<sn`o weia;fïka;= 2008$2009 <ud ls%hdldrlï ms<sn`o iólaIKh u; iliafldg ;sfí' l%shd;aul lsÍfï ld,h ;=<oS mj;S

kï m%;sm;a;sfhys m%;s,dNSka .e,msh yelsh'



fõ' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a$cd;Hka;r ksfhdað;dh;k" tkï cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh iy hqksfi*a

(UNICEF) iy tjeks fjk;a wdh;k fyda ksfhdað;dh;k cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj úiska ;SrKh lrkq

,nk mßÈ WmfoaYl ;;ajfhka lghq;= lrkq we;s w;r tjeks fjk;a ljr fyda ksfhdað;dh;khla

cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk mßÈ l%shdlrkq we;' cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqfõ

idudðl;ajh" m%;sm;a;sfhys wjYH;dj ie,ls,a,g .ksñka kej; w¨‍;a lsÍug o ish¿ wod< ixúOdk

iy ksfhdað;dh;k ksfhdackh jk njg iy;sl lsÍug tlS iudðl;ajh kej; we;s lsÍug o lghq;=

lrkq we;'

lïlre wud;HdxYh hgf;a jQ lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= ms<sn| wxYh úiska

wëlaIKh lrkq ,nkakd jQ <ud Y%uh ms<sn| úfYaI tallhla wud;HdxYh ;=< kïlrkq we;' th

m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï f,alï ld¾hd,h jYfhka l%shdlrhs' ;jo" th m<d;a yd Èia;%sla jHqyhka

iuÕ fukau wfkl=;a md¾Yjlrejka iuÕ iómj lghq;= lrkq we;s w;r Èia;%slal 25 ys <ud Y%u

;;a;ajhka wëlaIKh i|yd iy ;;a;ajh we.hSu i|yd j.lsj hq;= jkq we;'

fuu tallhg tys ld¾hhka isÿlrf.k hdug yelsjk mßÈ wud;HdxYh" m<d;a iy Èia;%slal úiska

tallh iuÕ iïnkaO;d" iïnkaëlrK" jd¾;d lsÍu ms<sn| hdka;%Khla ia:dms; lrkq we;' <ud Y%uh

;=rka lsÍfï ;;a;ajhg tla tla Èia;%slalh t<fUk ksid tlS ;;a;ajh we.hSug ,la flfrkq we;s w;r

l%ufõo ;yjqre lsÍu fuu tallh uÕska isÿflfrkq we;' bkamiqj" tallh úiska tla tla Èia;%slalh

<ud Y%ufhka f;dr njg iy;sl lr tlS ;;a;ajh iïmQ¾Kfhkau iqrlaIs; jk ;=re ta ms<sn| jd¾;d

lsÍu wLKavj isÿlrf.k hkq we;' ta wkqj" cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj" fldÜGdYh fyda Èia;%slalh <ud

Y%ufhka f;dr fldÜGdYhla fyda Èia;%slalhla jYfhka WÑ; mßÈ ;SrKh lrkq we;'

m<d;a uÜgfï §" <ud Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿ m<d;a ixj¾Ok ie,iqïj,g we;=,;a lrñka <ud Y%uhg

tfrys taldnoaO jQ jev ms<sfj<la l%shd;aul lsÍu iy;sl lrkq we;'

Èia;%slal uÜgfï§" Èia;%sla <ud ixj¾Ok lñgqj úiska <uhska yd iïnkaO l%shdldrlï ms<sn|

iïnkaëlrK ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq we;'

Èia;%sla <ud ixj¾Ok lñgqfõ iNdm;s f,i" Èia;%sla f,alïjrhdg Èia;%sla ixj¾Ok ie,iqïj,g <ud

Y%uh ms<sn| .eg¿ yd ta yd iïnkaO jeo.;a lreKq M,odhS f,i tlalr we;s njg iy Èia;%slal uÜgfï

b,lalj,g <Õd ùug m%udKj;a uQ,H m%;smdok fjkalr we;s njg iy;sl úh yelsh'

tla tla m<d; yd Èia;%slalh lïlre wud;HdxYh iuÕ idlÉPd lr tlS m<d; yd Èia;%slalh m%;sm;a;sh

l%shd;aul lsÍfuys,d iydh oelaùu ms‚i jQ jvd;au idOkSh" M,odhs iy iqÿiq;u ia:dkh njg m;a

lr .kq ,nhs'

7'2 m<d;aj, iy Èia;%slalj, iïnkaëlrKh

m%;sm;a;sh id¾:l ùug kï" th foaYSh ikao¾Nh ;=< M,odhS f,i l%shd;aul lsÍug uÕ fmkaúh

yels mq¿,a mrdihl jQ yjq,alrejka yd md¾Yjlrejka uÕska wka;¾cd;sl ;,hg f.k wd hq;=h'

ta i|yd cd;sl" m<d;a" Èia;%sla" m%dfoaYSh yd .%du ks,Odß uÜgñka wdh;k w;r ;sriaj yd isriaj

iïnkaëlrKh iy;sl flfrkq we;' lïlre wud;HdxYh ta i|yd wod< m<d;a yd Èia;%sla n,OdÍka

iuÕ iïnkaëlrKh yd iyfhda.S;dj i|yd jQ hdka;%Kh Yla;su;a flfrkq we;'

fuu m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ lïlre wud;HdxYh úiska lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd;sl <ud

wdrlaIl wêldßh" ldka;d yd <ud lghq;= wud;HdxYh" mßjdi yd <udrlaIl fiajd fomd¾;fïka;=j"

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j" wêlrK wud;HdxYh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" ixpdrl wud;HdxYh" ëjr

wud;HdxYh" lDIsl¾u wud;HdxYh" ;reK lghq;= yd l=i,;d ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh" kS;sm;s

fomd¾;fïka;=j" fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdk" jeú,s udkj ixj¾Ok Ndrh" .=rejreka yd Tjqkaf.a

ixúOdk" fm!oa.,sl wxYh yd Tjqkaf.a ix.ï" mqyqKq úÿy,a yd jD;a;Sh mqyqKq fiajd imhkakka iy

udOH hkd§ md¾Yjlrejkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh yd odhl;ajh ,nd .kq we;'

m%;sm;a;s iïmdokfha§" ish¨‍ wod< m%;sm;a;sj,g kj m%jK;djla we;s lsÍfï§ yd m%;sm;a;s .e<mSfï§



cd;sl wdh;k m%uqL ld¾hNd¾hla bgqlrk w;r" m%;sm;a;s n,d;aul lsÍfï§ yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï§

Èia;%sla" m%dfoaYSh yd .%du ks,Odß uÜgfuka m%uqL ld¾hNd¾hla bgq lrhs'

cd;sl uÜgfï wdh;k m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh iïnkaOfhka uQ,sl;ajh .kq ,nk w;r tajd l%shd;aul

lsÍfï§ Èia;%sla" m%dfoaYSh yd .%du ks,Odß uÜgñka m%uqL ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq we;'

tla tla m<d;a yd Èia;%slal uÜgñka m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ m<d;a yd Èia;%sla n,OdÍka úiska

mj;sk fyda kj lKavdhï ixúOdkh lrkq ,nk w;r tu lKavdhïj,g m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu

iïnkaOfhka uQ,sl;ajh mjrkq we;' fuu ld¾hfha§ ta ta n,OdÍka wjYH mßÈ lïlre wud;HdxYh

iuÕ iïnkaëlrKhka mj;ajkq we;'

fïjd" mj;sk <ud ixj¾Ok lñgq fyda tajdfha Wm lKavdhï úh yelsh' tfukau tajd

nyq-wdxYsl úh hq;= w;r" <ud yd ldka;d ixj¾Ok" lïlre" fi!LHh yd iudc wdrlaIK

ks,OdÍkaf.ka fukau fmd,sia WmfoaYljreka iy fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdkj, iy isú,a iudc

ixúOdkj, ksfhdað;hkaf.ka iukaú; úh hq;=h'

<ud Y%uh ms<sn`o l%shdldÍ uOHia:dk ks,OdÍka Tjqkaf.a m<d;aj, yd Èia;%slalj, isák m<d;a Èia;%sla

mßmd,lhka úiska m;a lrkq ,efí' Tjqyq jevigyka yryd .eg¿ úi£u iy tu úi÷ï l%shdud¾.

l%shdjg kexùu i|yd wdh;ksl iïnkaëlrKhg myiqlï iemhSu ms‚i <ud ixj¾Ok lñgq$lKavdhï

iuÕ tlaj iyfhda.Sj lghq;= lr;s'

7'3 fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdk iuÕ yjq,aldr;ajh

<ud Y%uh wjika lsÍu yd je<elaùu iy fiajfha fhoùfï kS;Hdkql+, jhfiys miqjk ;reK

lïlrejka wdrlaId lsÍu yd iy;sl lsÍu iïnkaOfhka j.lSula o ta i|yd lghq;= lsÍfuys,d jeo.;a

ld¾hNdrhla o fiajH yd fiajl ixúOdk i;= fjhs'

m%;sm;a;sfhys <ud Y%u .eg¿j,g yd Bg iïnkaO jeo.;a lreKqj,g úi÷ï fiùu" fiajH yd fiajl

ixúOdkhkag mejÍ we;s ;SrKd;aul ld¾hNdrhls' lïlre wud;HdxYh iy <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl

fufyhqï lñgqfjys fiajH yd fiajl ksfhdað;hka úiska mqyqKqj yd fï iïnkaOfhka jQ b,lal yd

th l%shd;aul lsÍfuys,d myiqlï ie,iSu we;=¿j úfYaIs; l%shdud¾. y÷kd .kq ,nhs'

mjq,aj, wd¾Ólh iún, .ekaùu" iudc wdrlaIK mshjr yd kS;s" jev lsÍfï kS;Hdkql+, jhfia§

jeäuy¨‍ <uqka Y%u n,ldhg tlajk neúka Tjqkayg bv m%ia:djka yd iqÿiqlï i|yd ;=vqfok

wOHdmkhlg$mqyqKqjlg yd fjk;a ixj¾Ok fiajdjkag ks¾NdÈ;j mßj¾;kh lsÍu uÕska M,odhs

n,d;aul lsÍu yd <ud Y%uh je<elaùu yd <uqka thska uqod .ekSug fya;= jkq we;'

7'4 fm!oa.,sl wxYh iuÕ yjq,aldr;ajh

rdcH wxYfha wdh;khka úiska orkq ,nk j.lSug w;sf¾l jYfhka fm!oa.,sl wxYhg o iajlSh

o¾Ykh ;=< <ud Y%u .eg¿j iuÕ lghq;= lsÍu i|yd Tjqkaf.a ta ta wxY we;=<; m%;sm;a;s iïmdokh

lsÍfï iy wjYH mshjr .ekSfï j.lSula ;sfí' ;jo" cd;sl kS;s iuÕ wkql+,;ajh iy;sl lsÍula o Y%S

,xldfõ ;rÕldÍ;ajh jeä lrñka úêu;a yd wúêu;a iemhqï odufha wvq jhia <uqka fkdue;sj W.;a

yd iqÿiqlï,;a Y%u n,ldhkag odhl;ajh iemhSula o jkq we;' fï iïnkaOfhka m%Odk wxY f,i

ixpdrl" ëjr yd jeú,s l¾udka;h oelaúh yelsh' lïlre wud;HdxYh iy <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl

fufyhqï lñgqfõ fiajH yd fiajl ksfhdað;hka úiska fï iïnkaOfhka mqyqKqj yd b,lal we;=¿

úfYaIs; l%shdud¾. y÷kd .kq ,nk w;r" tajd l%shd;aul lsÍu ms‚i myiqlï imhkq ,nhs'



m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsrSfuys,d m%Odk Wmdh ud¾.

8'1 mq¿,a jQ m%;sm;a;shla yd l%shdldÍ ikao¾Nhla ;=< kj m%fõYhla f.dvkeÕSu

<uqkaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a wjYH;d iy wfmalaIdj,g kj m%fõYhla we;s lsÍug by< m%uqL;djhla

,nd §u i|yd cd;sl ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka ie,iqï lsÍfï§ ta ta whjeh ;=,ska uQ,H

m%;smdok fjka lsÍu iy ta wkqj l%shd;aul lsÍu wfmalaId flf¾'

<ud Y%uh hkq yqfol,d ixisoaêhla fkdjk w;r ta ksid mjq,a úiska wd¾Ól j.lSu ksis l,g fmr

iajlSh orejka fj; mejÍula fkdjk mßÈ È<s÷lu msgqoelsu iy mjq,aj, Ôjk ;;a;ajhka yd wdodhï

kxjd,k fuu m%;sm;a;sj,g yd jevigykaj,g úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l< hq;=h'

fï iïnkaOfhka" úfYaIfhka jeo.;a jkafka"

² cd;sl udkj iïm;a yd fiajd kshqla;s m%;sm;a;sh-2012 iy fh!jkhskaf.a fiajd kshqla;sh

ms<sn| cd;sl l%shdldÍ ie,eiau-2006 hk fïjdhska kshu lr we;s mßÈ jeäysáhka i|yd WÑ;

jev'

² mjq,aj, wjYH;d i|yd wdOdr iemhSu ms‚i —iuDoaê˜ jeks iudc iqNidOk mshjr jHdma;

ùu" <ud Ôúldj iy;sl lsÍu b,lal lr .;a <uqkaf.a §ukd we;=¿ iudc wdrlaIK yd mjq,a

iqNidOk mshjr'

² <uqkaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a wjYH;d i|yd fhda.H wOHdmkh" jD;a;Sh yev.eiaùu yd

mqyqKqj i|yd m%udKj;a myiqlï iemhSu'

² <uqkaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a wdrlaIdj yd iqNidOkh" ;reK mqoa.,hka /lshd.; lsÍu

iy Tjqka ixj¾Okh lsÍu Wfoid fhda.H yd m%udKj;a myiqlï'

mjq,a fkdue;s fyda Tjqkaf.au mjq,a iuÕ Ôj;a fkdjk wkdrlaIs; <uqka" Nø fh!jkhka" ixl%u‚l

fyda kS;s úfrdaë lghq;=j, fhÿKq <uqka iy <ud Y%ufhys fhdojkq ,eîfuys wjodkï iys; <uqka

flfrys <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'

8'2 fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jQ wju jhi jeälsÍug m%h;ak oeÍu'

1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hska yd <uqka fiajfha fhoùfï mk;g wkql+,j" <uqka yd

jhi wjqreÿ 18g wvq ;reK mqoa.,hka i|yd <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh wod< fõ'

fuu mk;g wkqj —<uhl= hkq jhi wjqreÿ 14g wvq ;eke;af;l= jYfhka o ;reK mqoa.,hl= hkq jhi

wjqreÿ 14g t<U we;s kuq;a wjqreÿ 18g wvq hï ;eke;af;la fõ˜' wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis

wod< jkafka <uqka yd jhi wjqreÿ 18g wvq ;reK mqoa.,hka i|yd fõ'

fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jQ wju jhi" wksjd¾h mdie,a hdu iïmQ¾K jk jhig jvd" tkï wjqreÿ 16g

wvq fkdúh hq;=h' wksjd¾h wOHdmk jhi wjqreÿ 16 olajd by< kexùu;a iuÕ" lïlre wud;HdxYh"

wksjd¾h mdie,a hdu iïmQ¾K jk jhig wkql+,j fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd jQ wju jhi ieliSu ms‚i

l%shdud¾. .kq we;'

8'3 wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis M,odhs f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

lïlre wud;HdxYh" wjYH wjia:dj,§" úfYaIfhkau rfÜ Èfkka Èk bÈßhg hk úoHd;aul yd

;dlaI‚l m%.;sh yd fõ.j;a ixj¾Okh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis

ld,dkqrEmSj kej; kej;;a mßlaId lr ixfYdaOkh lrkq we;'

08



mjq,a yd m%cdjka b,lal lr.;a fmdÿ jevigyka yryd wk¾:ldÍ /lshd ms<sn| fr.=,dis iïnkaOfhka

oekqj;aNdjh we;s lsÍu fiajd ia:dk yd wdxYslj l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk hdka;%Kh uÕska isÿ lrkq ,efí'

8'4 fiajd kshqla;s fldkafoais n,d;aul lsÍu

1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uqka fiajfha fhoùfï mkf;ys úêúOdk i,id

we;s mßÈ" wud;HdxYh uÕska /lshd fldkafoais m%j¾Okh lsÍu yd n,d;aul lsÍu isÿ lrkq we;' tfiau"

wúêu;a fiajd ia:dkj,g o m%fõYùug yelsjk mßÈ lïlre mÍlaIK i|yd ;sfnk wmyiq;d u`.yrjd

.ekSu ms‚i Ndú;h" m%;sm;a;s yd uQ,H m%;smdok ie,iSu ;=<ska tlS fldkafoais ;jÿrg;a n,d;aul jkq

we;'

8'4'1 ;reK mqoa.,hska mqyqKq lsÍu

;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a wdrlaIdj yd ixj¾Okh i|yd ̂ jD;a;Sh iqrlaIs;;dj yd fi!LHh we;=<;aj& jD;a;Sh

fyda ;dlaI‚l wOHdmkh" mqyqKq wdh;k yd mdie,a ;=<ska fhduq lsÍu yd tys m%ñ;sh wud;HdxYh

iy;sl lrhs' jevlsÍfuys kS;Hdkql+, jhfiys miqjk ;reK mqoa.,hka i|yd jQ fldkafoais iómj yd

l%ñlj wëlaIKh l< hq;= w;r <uqka yd ;reK mqoa.,hka we;=¿ wod< ish¿ fokdg fhda.H Wmfoia

iemhsh hq;=h'

8'4'2 wka;¾ yd wNHka;r ksfhdað;dh;k wdY%s; iyfhda.s;d hdka;%K

fiajd ia:dkhkays isák ;reK mqoa.,hka tlS jhfiys jQ wfkl=;a ;reK mqoa.,hka fuka <ud wdrlaIKh

yd iq/lSfï fiajdj,ska m%;s,dN ,nk njg ;yjqre lr .ekSfï úfYaIs; jeo.;alu <ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu

ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh úiska y÷kd.kq ,nhs' fuuÕska <uhskaf.a yd ;reK mqoa.,hkaf.a wOHdmkh"

mqyqKqj" iqNidOkh" uÕfmkaùu yd wdrlaIdj i|yd j.lsj hq;= lïlre mßmd,kh yd fomd¾;fïka;=

iy ksfhdað;dh;k w;r ióm iyfhda.S;djhl wjYH;dj Woa.; fõ' fuu wruqKq imqrd .ekSu i|yd

wka;¾ ksfhdað;dh;k iyfhda.S;dj ms‚i meyeÈ<s yd ir, hdka;%K we;s l< hq;=h'

8'5 n,d;aul moaO;sh Yla;su;a lsÍu'

1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùfï mk; iy wk¾:ldÍ

/lshd fr.=,dis yd fiiq wod, jHjia:dms; wKmk;a$kS;s" M,odhS f,i fhdod .ekSu" wëlaIKh lsÍu

iy tys m%;sM, iy;sl flfrk mshjr ia:dms; lsÍu ms‚i by< m%uqL;ajhla ,nd §ug <ud Y%uh ;=rka

lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh woyia lrkq ,nhs'

8'5'1 mqyqKqj

1956 wxl 47 orK ldka;djka" ;reK mqoa.,hka yd <uhska fiajfha fhoùfï mk; uÕska wjir

fokq ,en we;s yd <uhska yd ;reK mqoa.,hka i|yd kS;s wdOdr imhk lKavdhï we;=¿ <ud Y%uh

iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lrk úúO mqoa.,hka yd lKavdhï i|yd mqyqKq yd m%;s-mqyqKq jevigyka

meje;aùu" iïm;a yd WmlrK iemhSu hkdÈh ;=<ska lïlre mÍlaIK iy ta yd iïnkaO fiajdjka

Yla;su;a lrkq we;'

8'5'2 jhi ;yjqre lsÍu

fiajdfhdacl f,aLk uÕska jhi ;yjqre lr .ekSug mj;sk l%u m%dfhda.sl fkdjk wjia:dj,§"

wod< ksfhdað;dh;k iuÕ iyfhda.Sj lghq;= lsÍfuka úYajdiodhl f,i jhi ;yjqre lr .ekSfï

l%ufõohla ilia lsÍug lïlre wud;HdxYh lghq;= lrkq we;' fuys§ wúêu;a wd¾Ól lghq;=j,

ksr; jk <uqkaf.a yd ;reKhkaf.a jhi yd /lshdj i|yd fhda.H;dj ;yjqre lr .ekSug rch uÕska

cd;sl ye÷kqïm;a yd fjk;a wod, f,aLk ksl=;a lsÍug lghq;= lrkq we;'

8'5'3 lïlre mÍlaIK i|yd taldnoaO m%fõYh

lïlre mßmd,kh" <uhska yd iïnkaO fjk;a mÍlaIK isÿlrk wdh;k iy fiajd imhkakka

úfYaIfhkau ;reK mqoa.,hka i|yd wOHdmkh" mqyqKqj" iqNidOkh yd fiajd iemhSu iïnkaOfhka



ikaksfõokh - <`.dùu yd miqúmru

lïlre wud;HdxYh yd <ud Y%uh ms,sn`o cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj Tjqkaf.a wod< wkq.%dylhka yryd

<ud Y%uh ;=rka lsÍu ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;sh ms<sn| oekqj;aNdjh m%j¾Okh lr th l%shd;aul lrhs'

cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj jeäÿrg;a f;dr;=re fyda woyia jHdma; lsßfï yd m%;spdr oelaùfï hdka;%Khla

ia:dms; lrkq we;'

iïm;a

lïlre wud;HdxYh iy <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqfï idudðlhka iïm;a fhoùu ms‚i

ie,iqula ilia lrkq we;' tuÕska <ud Y%u .eg¿j wduka;%Kh lsÍug wod, mj;sk jevigyka

uQ,HlrKh lsÍug;a wjYH mßÈ w;sf¾l m%;smdok fjka lsÍug;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

<ud Y%uh yd iïnkaO úúO m%;sm;a;s iy jevigyka tajd iuÕ iïnkaO;djhla we;s ;sridr ixj¾Ok

b,lal iy fjk;a m%;sm;a;s rduq iuÕ iïnkaOfldg úYaf,aIKh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sl iy ndysr

jYfhka iïm;a ixp,kh lsÍug we;s yelshdj Yla;su;a lrkq we;'

j.lsjhq;= mqoa.,hka yd wdh;k iuÕ ióm iyfhda.S;djhlska lghq;= lrkq we;' iSudiys; jQ

iïm;aj,ska Wmßu m%fhdack .ekSug iy úIh m:h yd wdjrKh lrkq ,nk m%udKh mq¿,a lsÍu

ms‚i m%cd kshduk moaO;s iuÕ iïnkaO;djhka we;s lsÍu ;=<ska o Tjqkag m%;s,dN ie,fikq we;'

8'5'4 kvq mejÍu ld¾hlaIu lsÍu yd o~qjï meñKùu

kS;s úfrdaëj <uhska fiajfha fhoùu iïnkaOfhka ld,Skj kvq mejÍu" ovqjï kshu lsÍu" tu

<uhska ms<s.;a wOHdmk Odrdjlg fhduq lrùu yd Bg wod< ish¿ lghq;= bgqlsÍfï j.lSu lïlre

wud;HdxYh yd tys yjq,alrejka jk fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j" wêlrK wud;HdxYh jeks wdh;kj,

j.lSu fõ'

8'6 meñ‚,s l%shdmámdàka mj;ajd .ekSu

ta ta kS;sj,g wkqj" meñ‚,s l%shdmámdá mj;ajd .kq ,eìh hq;= jkafkah' kS;sfha úêúOdk lvlsÍïj,g

,lajk mqoa.,hkago fjkia fldg ie,lSfuka iy m<s.ekSfuka wdrlaId lsÍu ms‚i úêúOdk ie,fikq

we;' fjk;a ksfhdað;dh;k iuÕ iyfhda.Sj Wmldrl fiajd ia:dms; lsÍug kshñ;h' kS;sh lv

lrkakkag tfrysj lghq;= lsÍfuys,d Tïnqâiaukajrhd f,i cd;sl <udrlaIl wêldßh (NCPA) lïlre wud;HdxYfha ld¾hhka mQrKh lrhs'

Y%uh iqrdlEfï /lshdj,ska <uqka uqod.ekSug lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=j yryd wmrdO kvq úOdk ix.%yh

iy cd;sl <udrlaIl wêldß mk; hgf;a n,h mjrd we;s fmd,sish iy cd;sl <udrlaIl wêldßh

iuÕ lïlre wud;HdxYh iómj lghq;= lrhs'

09

10



iudf,dapkh iy we.hSu

m%;sM, iudf,dapkh" m%.;sh ;lafiare lsÍu iy w;aoelSï u; mokïj wjYH .e,mSï isÿlsÍu ms‚i

lïlre wud;HdxYh úiska jd¾Isl mokula u; wdh;ksl wNHka;r iudf,dapkh isÿ lsÍug kshñ;h'

wjodkï iy wNsfhda.

Èia;%slal iy m%cdjg" n,mEug ,lajQ <uhskag yd mjq,aj,g fiajd iemhSug yelsjk mßÈ lïlre

wud;HdxYfha f,alïf.a m%Odk;ajfhka hq;a <ud Y%uh ms<sn| cd;sl fufyhqï lñgqj úiska ld¾hlaIu

lïlre mÍlaIK l%shdj,shla iy M,odhS" Wmdhud¾.sl m%j¾Okhla yryd iyfhda.h ,ndfokq we;'

úfYaIfhkau m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï uQ,sl wÈhrj,§ we;eï lKavdhï yd wdh;k úiska uqyqK

fokq ,nk wjodkï yd wNsfhda. we;=<;aj ish¨‍ wjodkï iy wNsfhda. wjfndaO lr .ekSu yd

l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSu u; m%;sm;a;sfhys id¾:l;ajh r|d mj;S'

m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfuys,d ;sìh hq;= yelshdj" iïm;a fkdue;s f¾Çh fomd¾;fïka;= yd

ksfhdað;dh;k" <uhska jevl fhdojkq ,nk iy <ud lïlrejkaf.a ixÑ;hla ;jÿrg;a mj;ajdf.k

hdug fkdyels fiajdfhdaclhka" <uhskaf.a bmehSï u; úYajdih ;nd isák yd úl,am lsisjla fkdue;s

mjq,a" w;sf¾l <uqka úYd, m%udKhlg bv myiqlï fkdue;s mdie,a" jevlrk mßirhla ;=< isiqka

taldnoaO lsÍug iy Tjqkag iydh ùug ksmqK;djhla fkdue;s .=rejreka yd mßmd,lhka" m%cdj

mokï lr.;a <ud Y%uh wëlaIKh lsÍfï moaO;s we;=¿ <ud wdrlaIK moaO;s i|yd iydh §u

ms‚i yelshdjka yd hdka;%Kh fkdue;s m%cdjka" iajlSh mqyqKq ks¾kdhl iïmQ¾Kfhka idlaId;a

lr fkd.;a ;reK mqyqKq,dNSkaf.a wjYH;d ms<sn| .eg¿j,g úi÷ï fiùug W;aiql jk l=i,;d

mqyqKqj imhkakka" fiajd kshqla;sh i|yd kS;sfhka wjir we;s jhfiys miqjk ;reK lïlrejka

i|yd jev lsÍfï ;;a;ajhka jeäÈhqKq lsÍug Wjukd fiajd ia:dk" taldnoaO m%;spdrhla ,nd.ekSug

yelsjk mßÈ m%;sm;a;s wkql+,;djhla iy;sl lsÍfï Wjukdjla olajk m%;sm;a;s iïmdolhska" iajlSh

ie,iqïlrKfha§" l%shd;aul lsÍfï§" wëlaIKh lsÍfï§ yd jd¾;d lsÍfï§ talrdYSùfï iy m%udKj;a

fkdjQ fuj,ï yd o;a; fkdue;sj mekkef.k <ud Y%uh ms<sn| ;;a;ajhka fuhg we;=<;a jk kuq;a

tajdg muKla iSud fkdfõ'

11

12



m%;sm;a;s iïmdokfha ndOd

fuu m%;sm;a;s f,aLkfhys fhdod.kq ,enQ o;a;" ck yd ixLHd f,aLK fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

mj;ajkq ,enQ zz<ud l%shdldrlï iólaIh 2008$2009ZZ wdY%fhks' iólaIKfhys § we;s wfmalaIs;

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lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh;e'fm'1519" lïlre uy f,alï ld¾hd,h

kdrdfyakamsg" fld<U 05" Y%S ,xldj'ÿrl:k - 011 2368609*elaia - 011 2368609www.labourmin.gov.lk

lïlre" jD;a;Sh iñ;s in|;d yd inr.uqj ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh;e'fm'1519" lïlre uy f,alï ld¾hd,h

kdrdfyakamsg" fld<U 05" Y%S ,xldj'ÿrl:k - 011 2368609*elaia - 011 2368609www.labourmin.gov.lk

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