ssI∏p-kvXIw

1

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

111

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`ssI∏p-kvXIw

ssI∏p-kvXIw

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]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

22

Ah-Xm-cnI

P\-߃°v `cW˛hnI-k\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ t\cn´v CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\p≈

Hu]-Nm-cnI thZn-I-fm-bmWv C¥y≥ `c-W-L-S\ Kma-k-`sb hn`m-

h\w sNbvXn-´p-≈-Xv. Hcp Kma-Ønse thm´¿am¿ H∂n-®n-cp∂v N¿®

\SØn `cW \n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-hpI F∂ P\m-[n-]-Xy-

Øns‚ D∂X e£y-amWv ChnsS ]mh¿Øn-I-am-hp-∂-Xv. Kma-]-©m-

b-Øp-I-fpsS hnkvXr-Xnbpw P\-kw-Jybpw hep-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬ Kma-]©m-

b-Ønse apgp-h≥ thm´¿am¿°v ]Icw Hcp hm¿Unse thm´¿am-c-S-

ßp-∂-Xm-Wv tIc-f-Øn-se Kma-k-`. 1995 HIvtSm-_¿ 2\v ]©m-b-Øo-

cmPv ÿm]-\-߃ \ne-hn¬ h∂-Xn\v tijw Ign™ 16 h¿j-ambn

tIc-f-Øn¬ Kma-k-`-Iƒ ]mtZ-inI `c-W-Iq-S-amb Kma-]-©m-b-

Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]n¥pW \¬Ip-Ibpw CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXv sIm≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS 9,10,11- ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bkq-XWw

sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \n¿∆-lWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Kma-k-`-I-fpsS Inbm-fl-

I-amb CS-s]-S¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Kma-k-`-Iƒ P\-]-¶m-fnØw Ipd-bp-

∂Xpw kaq-l-Øn¬ A`n-]m-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\pw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-

\-ß-fpsS `c-W-hn-I-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\pw tijn-

bp≈ P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k-`-tbm-Sp≈ hnap-J-Xbpw apJm-apJ P\m-

[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ thZn-bmb Kma-k-`-bpsS Kuchw tNm¿Øn-I-f-bp-

IbmWv.

]mtZ-inI`cWhnI-k\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm≥ thm´¿amsc

]m]vX-cm-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXn-\p≈ at\m-`m-hhpw Xm¬]-cyhpw krjvSn-

°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n Kma-k-`mw-K-߃°v Ine ]cn-io-e\w kwL-Sn-∏n-

®n-cp-∂p. kaq-l-Ønse hnhn[ hn`mKw P\-ß-fpsS ]iv\-߃ ]tXy-

I-ambn a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw ]mtZ-inI`c-W-˛ -

3

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`ssI∏p-kvXIw

No^v FUn-‰¿

tUm. ]n.-]n. _me≥Ub-d-IvS¿, Ine

FUn-‰¿am¿

tUm. ]o‰¿ Fw. cmPvAtkm-kn-tb‰v s]m^-k¿, Ine

]n.-hn. cma-Ir-jvW≥FIvÃ≥j≥ ^m°¬‰n, Ine

Xøm-dm-°n-bh¿

sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥Fw.-Pn. Imfn-Zm-k≥sI.-F¬. kp[m-aWnsI. kpZ¿i-\- mbnB¿.-F-kv. Nµn-Im-tZhn

]km-[\w

tIcf C≥Ãn-‰yq v Hm v tem°¬ AUvan-\n-kvtS-j≥ (In-e)apf-¶p-∂-Øp-Im-hv ]n.-H., Xriq¿

C˛-sa-bn¬ : kila@md2.vsnl.net.in2012 G]n¬

ssI∏p-kvXIw

3

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

34 5

hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. Kma-ß-

fnse P\-ß-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Iq´m-bvabpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw Kmak -

Isf bYm¿∞ P\m-[n-]Xy thZn-I-fm°n am‰p-Ibpw thWw. P\-]Xn-

\n-[n-Ifpw s]mXp ]h¿Ø-Icpw Ah-cpsS ][m-\-s∏´ Npa-X-e-bmbn

CXv Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

Kmak-`-Isf im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]©m-b-Øo-cmPv \nb-a-Øn¬

Kma-k-`°v \¬In-bn-´p≈ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ßsf ^e-]-Z-ambn D]-

tbm-Kn-°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w ]uc≥amsc ]m]vX-cm-°p-∂-Xn\pw \nc-¥-

c-amb ]cn-io-e-\-߃ \¬Im≥ k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Ip´n-Iƒ, bph-P-\-߃, kvXoIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿, am\-kn-I-˛-im-

co-cnI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿ F∂o hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏- -h-cpsS khn-

tij ]iv\-߃ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xnepw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xnepw Xt±-i-`-

cW ÿm]-\-߃°v henb ]¶v hln-°m≥ km[n-°pw. Cu hn`m-K-

ß-fpsS Bh-iy-ßfpw ]iv\-ßfpw N¿® sNøm≥ Ah-cp-tS-Xmb

]tXyI Kmak-`-Iƒ tNtc-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Cu hn`m-K-ß-fpsS

]iv\-߃°v ]cn-lmcw Is≠-tØ-≠Xv Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-

ß-fpsS Npa-X-e-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ h¿≤n® ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS s]mXp Kma-

k` tNcp-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w h¿j-Øn¬ Hcp Xh-W-sb-¶nepw ]tXyI

hn`m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k` hnfn®v tN¿°m≥ i≤n-°-Ww.

s]mXp Kma-k- -bp-tSbpw ]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k- -I-fp-tSbpw

kwLm-S-\hpw \S-Øn∏pw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°epw kw_-‘n®v Ine Xøm-

dm-°nb Cu ssI∏p-kvXIw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-

߃°pw s]mXp-P-\-߃°pw hfsc D]-Imc]Z-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-

Xp-∂p. kwÿm\ hym]-I-ambn Kma-k- mw-K-߃°v ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn

]cn-io-e\w \¬Ip-Ibpw CØ-c-samcp ssI∏p-kvXIw Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw

sNbvX Inesb ]tXyIw A`n-\-µn-°p-∂p.

A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v ]h¿Øn-°p∂ F√m-

hcpw Cu ]pkvXIw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-sa∂ ]Xo-£-tbm-sS,

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tUm.-Fw.-sI. ap\o¿

16.3.2012 ]©m-bØv˛kmaqly t£a hIp∏v a¥n

BapJw

P\-߃°v cW˛hnI-k\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ t\cn v CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn\v Ah-

kcw \¬Ip∂ P\m-[n-]Xy thZn-bmWv Kma-k-`-Iƒ. Kma-k-`°v hn]p-

e-amb A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw tIcf

]©m-bØvcmPv BIvSv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. P\m-[n-]Xy A[n-Imc hntI-

µo-I-c-WsØ ^e-]-Z-am-°m≥ ]©m-bØv `cW kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚

ASn-Ø-d-bmb Kma-k-`-Iƒ i‡n-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. ]¶m-fnØ P\m-[n-

]-Xy-Øns‚ thZn-bmb Kma-k-`-I-fn-eqsS ]mtZ-inI `cW˛hnI-k\

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ P\-߃ t\cn´v CS-s]-Sp-tºmƒ `cW kwhn-[m-\-

Øn¬ P\-߃°p≈ hnizm-ky-Xbpw Xm¬∏-cyhpw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw

sNøpw. P\m-[n-]Xy im‡o-I-c-W-Øn\pw Imcy-£-ahpw kpXm-cy-hp-

amb ]mtZ-inI`cWkwhn-[m-\-Øn\pw AXp-hgn kmaqly\oXn ssIh-

cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw CXn-eqsS km[n-°pw.

tIc-f-Ønse Kma-k`-I-fpsS ]h-¿Ø\w Ct∏mƒ Bim-h-l-amb

coXn-bn-e√ \S-°p-∂Xv. Kma-k-`-Isf im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw kaq-l-

Ønse hnhn[ hn`mKw P\-ß-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°p-∂-

Xn\pw th≠n Kma-k` AwK-߃°p≈ Hcp ]cn-io-e\w 2011 Unkw-

_¿, 2012 P\p-h-cn, s^_p-hcn amk-ß-fn-embn ‘Ine’\S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.

14 e£-Øn¬ ]cw t]¿ Cu Kma-k` ]cn-io-e-\-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-

Øn´p≠v.

ssI∏p-kvXIw

4

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

4

]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p∂ hn`m-K-ß-fpsS ]iv\-߃ s]mXp

Kma-k-`-I-fn¬ Kuc-h-X-c-ambn N¿® sNøm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°m-dn-√.

Cu kml-N-cy-ØnemWv ]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ th≠ Ip´n -Iƒ,

kvXoIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿, imco-cnI˛am\-knI sh√p-hnfnIƒ

t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿, bphP\-߃ F∂n-h-cpsS Kma-k`Iƒ ]tXyIw hnfn-

®p-tN¿°m≥ k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-in-®n-´p-≈-Xv. _lp. ]©m-bØv ˛

kmaqlyt£a hIp∏v a¥n tUm. Fw.-sI. ap\o¿ 2012 s^_p-h-cn-

bn¬ Bcw`n® ‘Kma-bm-X-’bpsS ][m-\-s∏´ e£y-ß-fn¬ H∂v

]tXyI hn`m-K-ß-fpsS ]iv\-߃°v ]mtZ-inI `c-W-X-e-Øn¬ ]cn-

lm-c-ap-≠m-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv.

CXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv s]mXp-Km-a-k-`-bp-tSbpw ]tXyI

hn`m-K-ß-fpsS ]iv\-߃ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \n¿t±-i-߃ Xøm-dm-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-ambn Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬ s] -h-cpsS Kma-k`bptSbpw kwLm-

S\w kw_-‘n-®p≈ Hcp ssI∏p-kvXIw ‘Ine’ Xøm-dm-°n-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

Cu Kma-k-`-I-fpsS kwLm-S-\-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb ]cn-io-e\w F√m Kma-

]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn-tebpw CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´v ]h¿Øn-°p∂ P\-]-

Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ°pw DtZym-K-ÿ¿°pw k∂≤ ]h¿Ø-I¿°pw \¬Im≥

‘Ine’ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fnse P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ°pw DtZym-K-

ÿ¿°pw k∂-≤-]-h¿Ø-I¿°pw Cu ssI∏p-kvXIw D]-I-cn-°p-sa∂v

]Xym-in-°p-∂p.

Xriq¿ tUm.-]n.-]n.-_m-e≥

17.03.2012 Ub-d-IvS¿, Ine

D≈-S°w

1. Kma-k` 11

2. Ip´n-IfpsS Kma-k` 23

3. bph-P-\- Kma-k` 29

4. kvXoIfpsS Kma-k` 35

5. apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amcpsS Kmak` 43

6. imco-cnI am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-hcpsS Kma-k` 50

ssI∏p-kvXIw

5

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

5

`cW Xocp-am-\-ß-fn¬ P\-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-t‚bpw P\m-

[n-]-Xy-Iaw A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂-Xn-t‚bpw B[m-c-in-e-I-fmWv Kma-

k-`-Iƒ. Hmtcm hn`mKw P\-X-bp-tSbpw kzmX-¥yhpw A¥kpw Dd-

∏m-°m≥ Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬ Xpey-X-s°m∏w cmjvSob ]¶m-fnØw km[y-

am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ thZn-Iƒ A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-am-Wv. Ign™ Zim-_vZ-

ß-fn¬ hnI-k-\w, hntI-µo-I-c-Ww, ]¶m-fnØ P\m-[n-]Xyw F∂o

cwK-ß-fn¬ \mw hfsctbsd apt∂-dn-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ s]mXp-k-aq-l-

Øns‚ Nne hn`m-K-߃ ]tXy-In®v imco-cnI am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-

Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿, htbm-P-\-߃, Ip´n-Iƒ, kvXoIƒ, ]´n-I-h¿K-hn-

`m-K-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS khn-ti-j-amb Bh-iy-ßfpw ]iv\-ßfpw

]q¿Æ-amb tXmXn¬ P\-Iob thZn-I-fn¬ ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-

iy-amb ]cn-K-W\ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-hm≥ Ign-™n-´n-s√∂ ]cn-anXn Gsd

i≤n-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.

]uc-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw

kmaq-ly-Np-a-X-e-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ i‡-amb thZn-bmWv

Kma-k-`-Iƒ. Kma-k-`I-sf∂m¬ Hmtcm Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øn-

t‚bpw Hmtcm hm¿Un-tebpw thm´¿ ]´n-I-bn¬ t]cp≈ apgp-h≥ t]cpw

Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu thZn°v ]mtZ-in-I-]-≤-Xn-I-fp-tSbpw hnI-k\

]cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-tSbpw \n¿t±-i-߃°v cq]w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw ap≥K-W\

\n›-bn-°p-∂-Xnepw \n¿Æm-b-I-amb ]¶p-≠v. F∂m¬ s]mXp Kma-

k-`-I-fn¬ Xß-fpsS Imcy-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v kmaq-ly-tijn

Ipd™ Nne hn`m-K-߃°v Ah-kcw e`n-°msX t]mIp∂ kµ¿`-

ß-fp-≠v. CXm-Is´ ]mtZ-inI t£a hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ khn-

tij ]cn-KW\ Bh-iy-amb Cu hn`m-K-ß-fpsS ]iv\-߃ hni-I-

e\w sNøs∏Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-lm-c-Øn-\m-bp≈ ]mtbm-KnI

6 9

ssI∏p-kvXIw

6

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

6

\n¿t±-i-߃ ]≤Xn Bkq-X-W-Øn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°msX t]mIp-∂-

Xn\pw CS-bm-°p-∂p. Cu Ak-¥p-enXm-hÿ Hgn-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v

]tXyI ]cn-K-W\ A¿ln-°p∂ hn`m-K-߃°mbn ]tXyI Kmak`-

Iƒ tNcp-∂-Xn\v k¿°m¿ A\p-aXn \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv Ducp-Iq-´-ßfpw ]n∂oSv imco-cnI am\-

knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿°p≈ ]tXyI Kma-k-`-Ifpw tNcp-

∂-Xn\v k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-i-ap-≠m-b-Xv. IqSp-X¬ hn`m-K-߃°v ]tXyI

Kma-k-`-Iƒ tN¿∂v Ah-cpsS ]iv\-߃, Bh-iy-߃, F∂nh N¿®

sNøp-∂-Xn\pw \n¿t±-i-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw CXv klm-b-I-amIpw.

CXns‚ `mK-ambn Ip´n-Iƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc-∑m¿, kvXoIƒ, imco-cnI

am\-knI sshIeyw t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿, bph-P-\-߃ F∂n-h-cpsS Kma-k-

`-Iƒ IqtS-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-Wv.

Kma-k-

1. Kma-k` F∂m¬

Hcp ]©m-b-Øns‚ Hmtcm \ntbm-PI aWvUehpw (hm¿Uv) Htcm

Kma-k`bm-Wv. Hmtcm \ntbm-PI aWvU-e-Øn-tebpw thm´¿ ]´n-I-

bn¬ t]cp≈ F√m -hcpw Dƒs∏-Sp -∂-XmWv B \ntbm -PI

aWvUeØnse Kma-k-`.

2. hm¿Uvk` F∂m¬

Hcp ap\n-∏m-en-‰n-bnse Hmtcm hm¿Un-te-bpw thm´¿]-´n-I-bn¬

t]cp≈ F√m-hcpw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-XmWv B hm¿Uns‚ hm¿Uvk`.

3. hm¿Uv IΩ‰n F∂m¬

Hcp e£-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ P\-kw-Jy-bp≈ ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-I-fn¬

hm¿Uvk- °v ]pdsa ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n \nb-a-Ønse 43 mw hIp∏v ]Imcw

Hmtcm hm¿Unepw cq]o-I-cn-°p∂ IΩ‰n. ( hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \n¿t±-

in-°p∂ kwK-Xn-bn-sem-gnsI as‰√m kwK-Xn-I-fnepw hm¿Uvk-`-bpsS

AtX A[n-Im-c-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw hm¿UvI-Ω-‰n°v D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv.)

10 11

ssI∏p-kvXIw

7

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

7

4. Kma-k-`/hm¿Uvk` saº¿ BcmWv?

Hcp ]©m-b-Ønse Hcp hm¿Unse thm´¿ B hm¿Unse Kma-k-`-

bnse saº-dm-Wv. AXp-t]mse ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bnse Hcp hm¿Unse

thm´¿ B hm¿Uvk-`bnse saº-dm-Wv.

5. Kma-k-`-bpsS /hm¿Uvk-`bpsS I¨ho-\¿

hm¿Uvsa-º¿am¿ Kma-k-`I-fp-tSbpw hm¿Uv Iu¨kn-e¿am¿

hm¿Uvk-`-I-fp-tSbpw I¨ho-\¿am-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ Hcp I¨ho-\¿°v

Xs‚ IS-a-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ Ign-bmØ kml-Ncyw h∂m¬ Xt±-i-

`cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ A≤y£\v sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp hm¿Unse

AwKsØ B hm¿Unse I¨ho-\-dmbn \nb-an-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.

6. A≤y-£≥

Kma-k`m tbmK-Øn¬ Kma-]-©m-bØv ]kn-U≠pw/hm¿Uvk`m

tbmK-Øn¬ ap\n-kn-∏¬ sNb¿t]-gvkWpw BWv A≤y-£X hln-

t°-≠-Xv. Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ ]kn-U-≠ns‚ Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬

sshkv ]kn-Ut≠m c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ I¨ho-\tdm

A≤y£X hln-°-Ww. AXp-t]mse ap\n -kn -∏m -en -‰n -I -fn¬

sNb¿t]gvks‚ Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ sU]yq´n sNb¿t]-gvktWm

As√-¶n¬ sNb¿t]-g vk¨ \n¿t± -in -°p∂ Ãm‚ nwKv IΩ‰n

sNb¿amt\m Ah-cpsS Akm∂n-≤y-Øn¬ I¨ho-\tdm A≤y-£X

hln-°Ww.

7. Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` IΩ‰n tbmK-߃

Ipd™Xv aq∂p-am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°-se-¶nepw \n›-bn-°p∂ ÿeØv

tbmKw tNc-Ww.

8. tbmKw hnfn-°¬

tbmK-߃ hnfn®v tN¿t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw I¨ho-\¿ IqSn-bmb

hm¿Uv AwK-Øn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-Wv.

9. tbmK Ad-nbn∏v \¬I¬

Kma-k-`-bn¬/hm¿Uvk`-bn¬ AwK-ß-fm-bn-´p≈ apgp-h≥ t]¿°pw

tbmK And-bn∏v \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX Hcp Kma-k` tbmK-Øn-

te°v Kma-k` Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]tZ-isØ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂

tªm°v˛-Pn√m ]©m-bØv saº¿am-tcbpw Fw.-F¬.-F, Fw.-]n. F∂n-

h-tcbpw I¨ho\¿ £Wn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

10. Izmdw

Kma-k-`-bpsS/hm¿Uvk-`-bpsS Izmdw BsI thm´¿am-cpsS 10 iX-

am\w BWv. F∂m¬ Izmdw XnI-bmsX am‰n sh®v ho≠pw tNcp-tºmƒ

A]-Im-c-ap≈ tbmK-Øns‚ Izmdw 50 Bbn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

11. ]tXyI tbmKw hnfn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v thm´¿am¿

°p≈ Ah-Imiw

Hcp hm¿Unse thm´¿am-cn¬ 10 iX-am-\-Øn¬ Ipd-bmØ FÆw

thm´¿am¿ tcJm-aqew Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ Kma-k-`-bpsS/hm¿Uvk-`-bpsS

Hcp ]tXyI tbmKw 15 Znh-k-Øn-\Iw I¨ho-\¿ hnfn®v Iqt´-≠-

XmWv.

12. tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿

Kma-]-©m-bØv/ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ Hcp DtZym-K-ÿ≥

Kma-k`-bpsS/hm¿Uvk-`bpsS tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbn ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. Kma-k-`-bpambn/hm¿Uvk-`-bpambn _‘-s∏´ F√m ]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fnepw I¨ho-\sd tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ klm-bn-t°-≠-XmWv.

13. s^kn-en-t‰-‰¿

Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` \S-Øn∏v Imcy-£-a-am-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n

hm¿Un¬ \n∂pw s^kn-en-t‰-‰¿amsc Is≠Øn Npa-Xe \¬tI≠-

Xm-Wv. hnj-bm-h-X-cWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v, Kq∏v N¿®-Iƒ°v t\XrXzw

\¬Ip-∂-Xn-\v, kwLm-S-\-Øn¬ F√mw Ch-cpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-K-

s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

14. an\pSvkv, Xocp-am-\-߃

Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` tbmK-Øns‚ an\nSvkpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw tbmK-

ÿ-eØv sh®v Xs∂ FgpXn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-t°-≠Xpw Xocp-am-\-߃

tbmKm-h-km\w AwK-ßsf hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

15. k_vI-Ω-‰n-Iƒ

Kma-k`-Iƒ°v/hm¿Uvk`-Iƒ°v GsX-¶nepw ]≤-Xntbm \btam

Xocp-am-\tam s]mXp-hmtbm ]tXy-I-amtbm \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXns\

12 13

ssI∏p-kvXIw

8

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

8

klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-te°pw AXns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw Npa-X-e-Ifpw A`n-

hr-≤n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-te°pambn 10 ¬ Ipd-bmØ AwK-ß-fp≈ Hcp

k_vI-Ω‰n cq]o-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

16. tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃

Kma-k-`bn¬/hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-

i-߃ F∂nh tbmK-Øn\v aptºm tbmKw \S-°p-tºmtgm FgpXn

ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ AwK-߃°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

17. ]ta-b-߃

Kma-k- -bpsS/hm¿Uvk- bpsS A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬s∏´ GXp ]iv\-

sØ-°pdn®pw -AXns‚ tbmK-Øn¬ qcn-]£ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]tabw

]m m-°mhp-∂-Xm-Wv.

18. DtZymK-ÿ-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw

]kn-U≠v/sNb¿t]-gvk¨ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Xt±-i-`-c-

W-ÿm-]\ Hm^okn-tebpw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ \nb-¥-W-

Øn-ep≈ a‰v ÿm]-\-ß-fn-tebpw GsXmcp DtZymK-ÿ-\pw Kma-k-`-

bpsS/hm¿k-`bpsS- tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-XmWv

19. Kma-k-`/hm¿k-` tbmKhpw saº-dpsS Atbm-Ky-Xbpw

Xm≥ I¨ho-\-dm-bn-cn-°p∂ Kma-k-`-bpsS/hm¿k`bpsS- tbmKw

aq∂-am-k-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ hnfn-®p-Iq-´p-∂-Xn¬ c≠p XhW XpS¿®-bmbn

hogvN- h-cp-Øn-bm¬ B hm¿Uv saº-dpsS/Iu¨kn-e-dpsS ÿm\w

\jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

20. Kma-k-`- Xocp-am-\-ßfpw ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw

Kma-k-`-bpsS ip]m¿i-Iƒ°pw \n¿t±i߃°pw Kma˛tªm-°v-˛-

Pn-√m-]-©m-bØp-Iƒ A¿l-amb ]cn-K-W\ \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

21. Xocp-am-\-߃ \S-∏m-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬

Kma-k-`-bpsS/hm¿Uvk-`-bpsS/hm¿UvI-Ωn‰nbpsS GsX-¶nepw

Xocp-am-\-߃ \S-∏m-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ AXn-\p≈ ImcWw Kma-k-`-sb/

hm¿Uvk-`-sb/hm¿UvI-Ωn-‰nsb Adnbn-°m≥ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]\w

_m≤y-ÿ-am-Wv.

Kma-k- -bpsS/hm¿Uvk- -bpsS A[n-Im-c-߃, Ah-Im-i-߃, Npa-X-e-Iƒ

I ]≤Xn BkqXWw, \n¿∆Ww F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´h

1. hnI-k-\- ]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\mh-iy-amb hni-Zmw-

i-߃ tiJ-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°pI.

2. Kma-]-©m-bØv/ap≥kn-∏m-en‰n ]tZiØv \S-∏m-t°≠ ]≤-Xn-

IfptSbpw hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-tSbpw \n¿t±i߃ Xøm-dm-

°pI, ap≥K-W\ \n›-bn°pI. (I-cSv t]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-ß-ƒ

Kma-k`bn¬/hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬ A®-Sn®v hnX-cWw sNøp-Ibpw

Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` Ah ]cn-tim-[n®v ap≥K-W-\m-Iaw \n›-

bn-°p-Ibpw thWw.)

3. hnI-k\]≤-Xn-Iƒ ^e-]-Z-ambn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-߃

\¬Ip-I, kuI-cy-ß-ƒ e`y-am-°p-I, k∂-≤-tk-h\w \¬Ip-I,

]Wtam km[-\-ßtfm klm-bw \¬Ip-I, kam-l-cn-°pI .

4. \S-∏m-°p∂ hnI-k\˛tkh\˛t£a ]-≤-Xn-IfpsS Imcy-£-

aX Dd-∏m-°p-I.

II s]mXp-ku-Icy]-≤-Xn-Ifpambn _‘-s∏-´h

sXcp-hp-hn-f-°p-Iƒ, s]mXp-hm´¿Sm-∏p-Iƒ, s]mXpInW-dp-Iƒ,

s]mXpkm\n-t‰-j≥ bqWn-‰p-Iƒ, Pe-tk-N-\- ku-I-cy-߃, a‰v s]mXp

ku-Icy]-≤-Xn-Iƒ F∂nh FhnsS ÿm]n-°-W-sa∂v \n¿t±in-°pI

III acm-aØv ]Wn-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´h

1. Kma-k`-/hm¿Uvk`-bpsS ]tZ-iØv \S-∏m-°nbtXm \S-∏m-°m≥

Dt±-in-°p-∂tXm Bb ]hr-Øn-I-fpsS FÃn-ta‰v, AXns‚ kma-

Kn-I-fpsS sNe-hns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃ XpS-ßn-bh Adn-bpI (hn-

i-Zmw-i-߃ Kma-k`bn¬/hm¿Uvk-`bn¬ hnX-cWw sNtø≠-

XmWv.)

2. hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-ƒ Gs‰-SpØp \S-Øp∂ KpW-t`m-‡r-I-Ωn-

‰n-Isf \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

3. ]tZ-iØv \S-∏m-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂ ]Wn-Isf kw_-‘n® hni-

Z-amb FÃn-ta‰pIfpsS hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-°pI

14 15

ssI∏p-kvXIw

9

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

9

IV KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS A¿l-Xm -]-cn-tim-[-\bpw Xncs™Sp∏pw

1. s]≥j≥, k_-vknUn t]mep≈ hnhn-[-Xcw t£a klm-b-߃

e`n-°p-∂-h-cpsS A¿lX ]cn-tim-[n-°pI. (KpW-t`m-‡m-°-sf Xnc-

s™-Sp-t°-≠n-h-cp-tºmƒ AXn-\p≈ A¿l-X-bp-sSbpw ap≥K-W-

\-bp-sSbpw am\-Z-WvU-߃ Fs¥ms°sb∂v ap≥°q´n ]c-ky-s∏-

SptØ≠Xpw Kma-k- sb-/hm¿Uvk- -sb Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xpam-Wv.)

2. At]-£-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw At\z-jWw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX

tijw At]-£-I-cpsS IcSv ap≥K-W\m enÃv Kma-k`bn¬/

hm¿Uvk- -bn¬ \¬tI-≠Xpw, At]-£-Isc IqSn ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-

sIm≠v AhnsS sh®v At]-£-I-cpsS A¿lX kw_-‘n®

kq£va ]cn-tim-[\ \S-tØ-≠Xpw, AXn\v tijw A¿l-cmb

KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS ap≥KW\m enÃv A¥n-a-ambn Xøm-dm°n

Kma-]-©m-b-Øn\v/ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n°v Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` ka¿∏n-

t°-≠-Xp-amWv. (Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` AwKo-I-cn® ap≥K-W\m

Iaw Xt±-i- cW ÿm]\w am‰w hcp-Øp-hm≥ ]mSn√)

3. Kma--]-©m-bØv/\K-c-k` \S-∏n-em-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS amX-a-√,

a‰v ]©m-b-Øp-Itfm (tªm°v/Pn√m ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ) a‰v hIp-

∏p-I-tfm \S-∏m-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-I-fp-tSbpw KpW-t`m-‡m-°sf ap≥K-

W\m Ia-Øn¬ sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠Xv Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk -bm-Wv.

4. _n.-]n.-F¬ IpSpw-_-߃, Bib KpW-t`m-‡m-°ƒ s]mXp hnX-

cW kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ ]tXyI B\p-Iqeyw e`n-°p-∂-h¿, t£a

s]≥j-\p-Iƒ, sXmgn-en-√mbva thX\w F∂nh e`n-°p-∂-h¿

hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-

-h¿ F∂n-h¿ Bscm-s°-bm-sW∂ hnhcw (A-ß-s\-bp≈hcpsS

enÃv) Kma-k-`bn¬/hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬ hnX-cWw sNtø-≠-Xm-Wv.

5. A¿l¿°v B\p-Iqeyw e`n-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw A\¿l¿°v e`n-

°p-∂n-√m-sb∂pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI

V DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ]h¿Ø\w kw_-‘n®v

1. ]kn-U≠v/sNb¿t]-gvk¨ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v Kma-

]-©m-b-Øns‚/ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bpsS \nb-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ DtZym-

K-ÿ¿ Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` tbmK-ß-fn¬ \n¿_-‘-ambpw ]s¶-

Sp-°-Ww.

2. Xt±-i-`cW ÿm]\w \ntbm-Kn-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Kma-k-`-

bpsS/hm¿Uvk-`-bpsS tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbn ]h¿Øn-°-Ww.

3. DtZym-K-ÿ¿ Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` tbmK-ß-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØv, \S-

Øn-h-cp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ASpØ 3 amk-ß-fn¬ sNøm-\p-t±-

in-°p∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃ P\-߃°v

e`y-am-°-Ww.

VI hchv ˛ sNehv IW°v kw_-‘n®v

1. ap≥h¿jsØ hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \S-∏p-h¿j-Øn¬ Gs‰-

Sp-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw AXn\v th≠n

hcp∂ sNehpw Hmtcm h¿j-tØbpw BZy Kma-k-`-bn¬/

hm¿Uvk-`bn¬ Ah-X-cn -∏n®v N¿® sNø-Ww. IqSmsX

ap≥h¿jsØ `cW \n¿∆-lW dnt∏m¿´pw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°Ww

2. _P-‰n¬ hI-bn-cp-Øn-bn-´p≈ XpI, ]≤Xn hnln-X-Øns‚ hni-

Zmw-i-߃, ^≠p-I-fp-sS- C\w Xncn-®p≈ IW-°p-Iƒ, t]mP-

IvSp-I-fpsS hchv˛sN-ehv IW-°p-Iƒ F∂nh Kma-k-`-bn¬/

hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°Ww

VII HmUn‰v kw_-‘n®v

1. tem°¬ ≠v HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿ v, s]¿t^m-a≥kv HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿ v-

F-∂nh Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v N¿® sNtø-

≠Xpw A`n-]m-b-ßfpw ip]m¿i-Ifpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Kma-]-

©m-b-Øns\/ap\n-kn∏men‰nsb Adn-bn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

2. hnI-k\˛t£a ]h¿Ø-\-߃ kw_-‘n®v Kma-k-`°v/

hm¿Uvk-`°v tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v \S-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXn-\mbn

Hcp tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v Soans\ \n›-bn-°m-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v Sow kz¥w \ne°v HmUn‰v \SØn dnt∏m¿´v

Kma-k`-bn¬/hm¿Uvk-`-bn¬ sht°-≠Xpw AXv N¿® sNbvXv

\n¿t±-i-߃ Xt±-i`cW ÿm]-\-Øn\v \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

VIII Kma-k-`-/hm¿Uvk-`- Xocp-am-\-ßfpambn _‘s∏´h

1. Kma-k-`bpsS-/hm¿Uvk-`-bpsS ]tZ-isØ kw_-‘n®v Kma-]-

©m-bØv/ap\nkn-∏m-en‰n FSp-Øn- p≈ Htcm Xocp-am-\-Ønt‚bpw

bp‡n Adn-bpI

16 17

ssI∏p-kvXIw

10

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

10

2. Kma-k-`-bpsS/hm¿Uvk-`-bpsS Xocp-am-\-߃ kw_-‘n®v FSp-

Øn-´p≈ XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-Isf°p-dn®pw GsX-¶nepw Xocp-am\w \S-

∏m-°nbn´n-s√¶n¬ AXns‚ Imc-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Adn-bpI.

(Ad-nbn-°pI F∂p-≈Xv Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-

bm-Wv.)

IX s]mXp-hmbh

1. Agn-aXn, hymPhpw IrXn-a-hp-amb CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ F∂n-h-bvs°-

Xnsc kwc-£Ww \¬IpI

2. hnhn[ hn`m -K -߃°n -S -bn¬ kulm¿±hpw sFIyhpw

hf¿ØpI, Iem˛-ImbnI taf-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI

3. s]mXpP-\m-tcmKy˛ipNo-I-cW ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Poh-\-°m-tcm-

sSm∏w kl-I-cn®v k∂≤ tkh\w \¬IpI

4. ip≤-Pe hnX-cWw, sXcphv hnf°v IØn-°¬ F∂n-h-bnse

t]mcm-bva-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw ]cn-lm-c-߃ \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-I, ]n.-Sn.F. ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ klm-bn-°pI

5. ]©m-b-Øns‚/ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-bpsS [\m-Ka am¿§-߃ h¿≤n-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn hn`h-k-am-l-cWw \S-ØpI

Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` kwLm-S\w, \S-Øn∏v

Kma-k`bpsS/hm¿Uvk`bpsS kwLm-S\hpw, \S-Øn∏pw Imcy-£-

a-am°p∂Xn-\p-th≠n Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Imcy-߃ ]tXyIw i≤n-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

1. tbmK-߃ tNcm≥ Xocp-am-\n-°¬

Hmtcm tbmK-Ønepw N¿® sNtø≠ ][m\ AP-≠- C\-߃ Xocp-

am-\n-®-tijw AXp]Imcw Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xpw A®Snt°-≠-Xp-amb

tcJ-Iƒ Xøm-dm -°m-\p≈ aXn-bmb kabw IW-°n-se-SpØp

sIm≠mbncn-°Ww Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` tbmK-߃ tNcm≥ Xocp-

am\nt°-≠-Xv.

2. XobXn, kabw

Ign-hXpw Htc kabw H∂n-e-[nIw tbmK-߃ tNcmXncn-°m≥ i≤n-

°Ww. Ah[n ZnhkßfmWv A`n-Im-ayw.

3. AP≠

BIv‰v ]Imcw \n¿_‘ambn Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ≠ C\-߃, k¿°m¿

\n¿t±i߃, c-W-k-an-Xn°v Bh-iy-sa∂p Icp-Xp∂ C\-߃, DtZym-

K-ÿ-cpsS \n¿t±i߃, s]mXp-P-\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ thWw AP≠ Xocp-am-\n-°m≥. F√m hm¿Un-te°pw

_m[-I-amb s]mXp-hmb AP≠ C\-߃°v ]pdsa Hmtcm hm¿Un-

tebpw thm´¿amtcm hm¿Uvsa-º¿amtcm Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ C\-߃

]kvXpX hm¿Unse AP≠bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-ØWw. (A-P≠ tbmKm-

cw-`-Øn\v apºv tbmK-Øn¬ hmbn-°-Ww)

4. Adn-bn∏v t\m´okv Xøm-dm-°¬

Hmtcm Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` tbmK-Øn\pw ]tXyIw t\m´okv Xøm-

dm-°-Ww. t\m´okn¬ XobXn, kabw, ÿew F∂n-hbv°v ]pdsa

C\w Xncn-®p≈ AP≠bpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.

5. Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°≠/ hnX-cWw sNtø≠ tcJ-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°¬

AP-≠-°-\p-k-cn®v Bhiy-amb tcJ-Iƒ ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°n

Bhiy-amb FÆw ]I¿∏p-Iƒ FSp-°Ww.

6. A®Sn®v hnX-cWw sNtø≠ tcJ-Iƒ A®Sn°¬

Kma-k`bn¬/hm¿Uvk`bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿s°√mw hnX-cWw

sNtø≠Xmb tcJ-Iƒ (DZm: ap≥h¿j hc-hv-˛-sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ,

Hmtcm t]mP-IvSn-t‚bpw hc-hv-˛-sNehv hnh-c-߃, IcSv t]mPIvSv

\n¿t±i߃ XpS-ßn-bh) ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°n A®Sn®n-cn-°-Ww.

7. hm¿UvXe kwLm-SI kanXn cq]o-I-cn°¬

Hmtcm tbmK-Øn\pw apºmbn hm¿UvX-e-Øn¬ kwLm-SI kanXn

cq]o-I-cnt°≠-XmWv. hoSp-ho-Sm-¥cw Ad-nbn-∏p-\¬I¬, Bfp-Isf

]s¶-Sp-∏n-°¬, ]N-c-W-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-ج, cPnkv-tSj≥, Kq∏v

N¿®-I-fn¬ s^kn-en-t‰-j≥ XpS-ßn-bh kwLm-SI kanXnbpsS Npa-

X-e-bn¬ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

8. Adn-bn∏v \¬I¬

tbmK Ad-nbn∏v F√m thm´¿am¿°pw \¬IpI F∂Xv I¨ho-\-

dpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-Wv. kwLm-SI kan-Xn-bpsS tkh\w D]-tbm-K-

18 19

ssI∏p-kvXIw

11

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

11

s∏-SpØn F√m hoSp-I-fn-epw Adn-bn∏v \¬In t\m´okv ssI∏-‰n-b-Xmbn

H∏n´v hmß-Ww. Ign-hXpw 7 Znhkw apsº-¶nepw Ad-nbn∏v \¬I-Ww.

9. ]N-mcWw

km[y-amb F√m coXn-bnepw ]N-mcWw \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Ab¬°q-

´-߃, F.Un.Fkv., hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ, ¢∫p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS

tkh\w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

10. lmƒ, ssa°v, IpSn-sh≈w apX-em-bh

Ch ap≥Iq´n k÷o-I-cn-°Ww. Kq∏v N¿®°v th≠ kuIcyw

IqSn D≈ ÿeØmbn-cn-°Ww tbmKw \S-tØ-≠Xv

11. cPn-kvtS-j≥

hnj-b-Kq∏v ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnhn[ Iu≠-dp-I-fn¬ cPn-kvtS-j≥

\S-Ø-Ww. AXn-\m-h-iy-amb DtZym-K-ÿ-sc/Npa-X-e-°msc ap≥Iq´n

G¿∏m-Sm-°Ww. ]s¶-Sp-t°≠-h¿ t]sc-gpXn H∏n-´m¬ t]mc. t]cv,

ho´vt]cv, hb- v, kvXo/]pcp-j≥, SC/ST, DtZym-K-ÿ-\mtWm, P\-]-

Xn-\n-[n-bmtWm XpS-ßnb hnh-c-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØWw. cPnkvtSjs‚

]q¿Æ Npa-Xe tIm˛Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿°mWv.

12. ka-b-\njvT

cmhnse 8 \pw sshIn´v 6 \pw CS-°p≈ ka-bØv Kma-k` \S-

Ømw. F∂m¬ Ipd-™Xv 4 aWn-°q¿ F¶nepw e`n-°p-sa∂v Dd-∏p-

hcp-Ø-Ww.

13. Imcy-]-cn-]mSn

ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb Imcy-]-cn-]mSn D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. 4 aWn-°q¿

ka-b-Øn¬ Ac aWn-°q-dn-e-[nIw DZvLm-S\ skj\v th≠n D]-tbm-

Kn-°-cp-Xv. 2 aWn-°q-sd-¶nepw Kq∏v N¿®°v e`n-°-Ww. _m°n kabw

hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-߃°pw s]mXp N¿®°pw \¬Imw.

14. hnj-bm-h-X-cWw

Hmtcm tbmK-Øn-t‚bpw AP-≠°v A\p-k-cn-®p≈ hnj-bm-h-X-c-

W-߃ \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. ap≥Iq´n \n›-bn-°-s∏-´, Xøm-sd-Sp∏v

\SØnbh-cm-bn-cn-°Ww hnj-bm-h-X-cWw \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

15. s]mXp N¿®

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ hnj-b-߃, hm¿Unse s]mXp ]iv\-߃, hy‡n-

]-c-amb ]iv\-߃ F∂nh kw_-‘n® s]mXp N¿® A\p-h-Zn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

16. tNmZy-߃, ]ta-b-߃

ap≥Iq´n tNmZy-߃ FgpXn \¬Im-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tbmK-Øn¬ sh®pw

tNmZy-߃ tNmZn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. tNmZy-߃°pw kwi-b-߃°pw

_‘-s∏´ P\-]-Xn-\n-[ntbm DtZym-K-ÿt\m adp-]Sn \¬tI-≠-XmWv.

tbmK-Øn¬ ]ta-b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ A\p-aXn \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

17. Kq∏v N¿®

Kq∏v N¿®-bpsS hnj-b-߃, N¿® sNtø≠ Imcy-߃, N¿®

s^kn-en-t‰‰v sNtø-≠-h¿, Kq∏v N¿®-°m-bp≈ ÿew XpS-ßn-bh

ap≥Iq´n \n›-bn-®ncnt°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kq∏v N¿®°v tijw πo\-dn-bn¬

dnt∏m¿´nwKv D≠m-I-Ww.

18. Xocp-am-\-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃

Xocp-am-\-߃ ssIsIm-t≈-≠Xpw \n¿t±-i-߃ AwKo-I-cn-t°-

≠Xpw ]ta-b-߃ ]mkm-t°-≠Xpw πo\dn skj-\n¬sh®m-bn-cn-

°Ww.

19. Xocp-am-\-߃, an\pSvkv F∂nh tcJ-s∏-Sp-ج

an\pSvkpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw tbmK-ÿ-eØv sh®v Xs∂ tIm˛-Hm¿Un-

t\-‰dmb DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Kma-k` cPn-Ã-dn¬ FgpXn ]q¿Øn-bm-°-Ww.

tbmKw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºmbn Xocp-am-\-߃ AwK-ßsf

hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-°-Ww.

20. an\pSvknepw Xocp-am-\-Ønepw H∏p-sh-°¬

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb an\pSvkv Xocp-am-\-߃ F∂n-h°v Xmsg tbmK-

ÿ-eØv sh®v Xs∂ ]s¶-SpØ P\]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ, DtZym-Kÿ¿, tIm -

Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ F∂n-h¿ H∏n-S-Ww. IqSmsX Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk`

saº¿am-cn¬ (thm-´¿am-cn¬) \n∂v Ipd®v t]cpsS H∏pw hmßn-°-Ww.

]s¶-SpØ GsXmcp thm´dpw Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ H∏p-sh-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-

®n-cn-°-Ww.

20 21

ssI∏p-kvXIw

12

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

12

21. an\pSvkv, Xocp-am\w F∂n-h-bpsS ]I¿∏v

GsXmcp thm´dpw Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` an\p-Svkv,

Xocp-am\w F∂n-h-bpsS ]I¿∏v, t^mt´m tIm∏n Nm¿Pv amXw CuSm°n

skI-´dn \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

22. Kma-k`/hm¿Uvk` tcJ-I-fpsS kq£n∏v

cPn-kvtS-j≥ t^md-߃, Kq∏v N¿®m-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, an\p-Svkv, Xocp-

am-\-߃ F∂nh tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb cPn-ÿ, t^mt´mKm^v XpS-ßn-bh

tbmK-Øns‚ ]nt‰∂v tIm˛Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ skI-´-dnsb Gev]n®v cioXn

hmtß-t≠-Xm-Wv. Ah HuZym-KnI tcJ-I-fmbn IW-°m°n skI-

´dn kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. an\p-Svkv, Xocp-am-\-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS ]I¿s∏-

SpØv tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ kq£n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

23. P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-tSbpw DtZym-K-ÿ-cp-tSbpw ]¶m-fnØw

]kn-U≠v/sNb¿t]-gvk¨ IgnhXpw ]s¶-Sp-°-Ww. F√m

ÿm]\ ta[m-hn-I-fpw \n¿∆-lW DtZym-K-ÿcpw ]s¶-Sp-°-Ww.

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k`

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k` F¥v? F¥n\v?

Ip´n-Iƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ apX¬ap-S°v cmjvS-Øns‚ G‰hpw

tibkvI-c-amb \nt£-]-am-sW∂v Ip´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ tZiob \bw

hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Ip´n-I-fpsS hnI-k\w cmjvS-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI˛kmº-

ØnI ]ptcm-KXn°v A\n-hm-cy-L-S-I-amWv. CXv km≤y-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬

inip-ku-lr-Z]chpw Btcm-Ky-Zm-b-Ihpw BÀm-Z-I-chpw kpc-£n-Xhpw

Bb A¥-co£w hnI-k\˛t£a ]h¿Ø-\-߃s°m-sam∏w Dd-∏m-

t°-≠Xpap-≠v. kaK inip hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ][m\ XXzw CXm-Wv.

Ip´n-I-fpsS t£a-Øn-\p-]p-dsa Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃°v ]m[m\yw

\¬Ins°m-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww Ip´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ Hmtcm kwhn-[m-\hpw

Xt±i-X-e-Øn¬ Hcp-t°-≠-Xv.

inip-ku-lrZ ]©m-bØv km≤y-am-°pI F∂Xv Hmtcm Xt±-i- cW

ÿm]\-Øn-t‚bpw ImgvN-∏m-Sm-bncn-°-Ww. Cu ImgvN-∏mSv ]mtbm-Kn-

I-am-°p-∂-Xn\v Ip´n-Isf ]qPyw apX¬ 18 hb- p-hsc Hcp XpS¿®-bm-

bn-I≠v Hmtcm L´-Ønepw Bh-iy-amb ]n¥p-W-I-ƒ Dd-∏m-°pI F∂-

XmWv Ip´n-I-fpsS kaK hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS e£yw. Hmtcm Xt±i-

kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\hpw ]mY-an-Im-tcm-Ky-tI-µw, A¶-W-hm-Sn, kvIqfp-

Iƒ, _me-k` XpS-ßnb kwhn-[m-\-߃ D]-bp-‡-am°n ]h¿Øn-

22 23

ssI∏p-kvXIw

13

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

13

°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ F√m-bn-SØpw kwc-£n-

°-s∏-Sp-Itbm Nne cwK-ß-fn¬ Ah-cpsS ]iv\-߃ Xncn-®-dn™v ]cn-

l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNøp-∂n-√. Cu Ah-ÿ°v ]cn-lm-c-ap≠m-°pI

F∂ e£y-tØm-sS-bmWv Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k` tNcp-∂Xv.

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k`

kaq-l-Øns‚ `mhnhmKvZm-\-amb Ip´n-Isf ]©m-bØv kwhn-[m-

\-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ip´n-Isf ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Ip´n-

Iƒ°m-bp≈ `c-W-kw-hn-[m\w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ ]cn-]m-Sn-

bmWv Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k-`.

Ip´n-I-fpsS Km-a-k` e£y-߃

1. Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ F√m cwK-ß-fnepw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I.

2. ]©m-bØv `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-sØbpw P\m-[n]Xy ]In-b-sbbpw

Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

3. Ip´n-Isf ]cn-K-Wn-°p∂ Hcp hnI-k\ kao-]\w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw inip-ku-lr-Z-]-c-amb ]©m-bØv imiz-X-am-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI.

4. Ip´n-I-fpsS A`n-]m-b-ßfpw Bh-iy-ßfpw kzX-¥-ambpw \n¿`-

b-ambpw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ thZn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

5. enwK-k-a-Xz-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-amb hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSpw Iq´m-

bvabpw Ip´n-I-fn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I.

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k-`-sb-∂m¬

Hcp Kma-]-©m-b-Øns‚ Hmtcm hm¿Unepw D≈ 8 \pw 18 \pw CS-

bn¬ ]mb-ap≈ apgp-h≥ Ip´n-Ifpw Dƒs∏Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Ip´n-IfpsS Kma-k` I¨ho-\¿ ˛B hm¿Unse ]©m-bØv saº¿

Bbn-cn°pw Kma-k` I¨ho-\¿.

A≤y-£≥ ˛ Km-a-k` tbmK-Øn¬ Kma-]-©m-bØv ]kn-U-≠mWv

A≤y£X hln-t°-≠-Xv. ]kn-U-≠ns‚ Akm∂n≤y-Øn¬ sshkv

]kn-Ut≠m c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ I¨ho-\tdm

A≤y£X hln-°-Ww.

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k` tbmK-߃ ˛ Ipd-™Xv h¿j-Øn¬ Hcn-°-se-

¶nepw \n›-bn-°p∂ ÿeØv tbmKw tNc-Ww.

tbmKw hnfn-°¬ tbmKw hnfn-®p-tN¿t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw I¨ho-

\¿ IqSn-bmb hm¿Uv saº-dn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-Wv.

tbmK Adn-bn∏p \¬I¬, kwLm-S\w, \S-Øn∏v

]©m-bØv `cW kan-Xn- Xocp-am\n-®-Xn\v tijw h\nXm˛inip

hnI-k\ h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-\¿ F.Un-.Fkv., kn.Un-.Fkv. `mc-

hm-ln-Isf Adn-bn-®p-sIm≠v Kma-k` Adn-bn-∏p-Iƒ Xmsg ]dbpw

]Imcw \¬I-Ww.

1. A¶-W-hmSn h¿°¿, Bimh¿°¿, F.Un-.Fkv. `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ

F∂n-h-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS 8 \pw 18 \pw CS-bn¬ ]mb-ap≈

apgp-h≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw (Ip-Spw-_-߃°pw) Adn-bn∏p \¬IWw.

2. Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k` t\m´okv s]mXp ÿe-ß-fnepw A¶-W-hm-Sn-

Iƒ, kvIqfp-Iƒ, Syqj≥ sk‚-dp-Iƒ, k_v sk‚-dp-Iƒ XpS-ßnb

ÿe-ß-fnepw ]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ww.

3. Ipamcn ¢∫p-Iƒ, _me-k-`-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ]h¿Ø-I¿°pw

Adnbn∏p \¬I-Ww.

tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿

Kma-]-©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ D-tZym-K-ÿ≥ Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k-

`-bpsS tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbn ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kma-k-`-bpambn

_‘-s∏´ F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw I¨ho-\sd tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿

klm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Xob-Xn, kabw, ÿew

Ip´n-Iƒ°v FØn-t®-cp-hm≥ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿehpw Xob-Xnbpw

ka-bhpw \n›-bn-°m≥ i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kma-k` tNcp-∂Xv Ah[n

Znh-k-ß-fnem-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv A`n-Im-ayw.

tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃

F∂nh tbmK-Øn\p aptºm tbmKw \S-°p-tºmtgm FgpXn ka¿∏n-

°p-hm≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p∂-XmWv.

24 25

ssI∏p-kvXIw

14

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

14

DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw

]kn-U≠v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚

\nb-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ GsXm-cp-tZym-K-ÿ\pw ]tXy-In®v Btcm-Kyw,

hnZym-`ym-kw, kmaq-ly-t£aw XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS DtZym-K-ÿ¿ Kma-k`

tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

an\pSvkv Xømdm-°¬

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k- -bpsS an\pSvkpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw tbmK-ÿ-eØv

h®v FgptX≠Xpw Xocp-am-\-߃ tbmKm-h-km\w Ip´n-Isf hmbn-®p-

tIƒ∏n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

Xocp-am-\-ßfpw ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k- -IfpsS ip]m¿i-Iƒ°pw \n¿t±ßƒ-°pw ]©m-

b-Øp-Iƒ A¿l-amb ]cn-K-W\ Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

apXn¿∂-h-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]©m-b-Øw-K-߃, \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂

DtZym-K-ÿ¿, s^kn-en-t‰-‰¿am¿ F∂n-h-scm-gnsI a‰v s]mXp-P-\-߃

]s¶-Sp-°p-∂Xv Hgn-hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

AP≠

Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k-`°v hy‡-amb Imcy-]-cn-]mSn D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. cPn-kvtS-j≥, kzmK-Xw, A≤y-£-]-kw-Kw, hnj-bm-h-X-c-Ww,

Kq∏v N¿®, Kq∏v Ah-X-c-Ww, tImUo-I-c-Ww, ]Xn-\n[n Xnc-s™Sp∏v,

IrX-⁄X F∂nh \n›-b-ambpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-

Øn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-ÿ, Ip´n-Iƒ t\cn-Sp∂ ]iv\-߃, Xt±-i-

ÿm-]-\-Ønse Ip´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ kwhn-[m-\-߃, Ip´n-Isf kw_-

‘n® ]©m-b-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏mSv, Ip´n-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ F∂nh

kwK-l-ambn Dƒ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww. DZvLm-S\tbmK-Øn-\p-tijw

Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hnj-b-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn®v

N¿®°v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww.

Kq∏v N¿®-°p≈ hnj-b-߃

• IpSpw-_w, kaqlw ˛ IpSpw -_-_-‘-߃, IpSpw -_m-¥-co -£w,

Ab¬]°w, Np‰p-]m-Sv, kmaqly kml-N-cy-

߃, hoSp-I-fnse kuI-cy-߃

• hnZym-`ymkw ˛ kvIqƒ, A¶-W-hm-Sn˛]-T\kuI-cy-߃,

]h¿Ø-\-߃, kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ, bmXm-ku-I-

cyw, A≤ym-]I at\m-`m-hw, kvIqƒ ¢∫p-Iƒ

• Btcm-Kyw, ipNnXzw˛ t]mj-Ww, Imbn -I -£-a -X, NnIn’m

kuIcyw, kvIqƒ sl¬Øv, Km¿lnI ipNn-

Xzw, ]cn-kc ipNn-Xzw, ÿm]\ ipNnXzw

• ]¶m-fnØw ˛ Ip´n-Iƒ°m-bp≈ Iq´m-bva-Iƒ (AdolescentClub, Balasabha, Iem-kmw-kvIm-cnI ]h¿Ø-

\w), kvIqƒ ]m¿e-sa‚ v, hmb-\-im-e-Iƒ

• kpc-£n-XXzw ˛ A\p-NnX s]cp-am-‰ßƒ, a\w-am‰w D≠m-°p∂

hkvXp-°-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw, Zpkzm-[o\ap≠m-

°p∂ ÿm]-\-߃, C‚¿s\-‰v, samss_¬

t^m¨ Zpcp-]-tbm-Kw, Akp-c-£nX bmX-Iƒ,

BI-a-W-߃, ]tXyI ]cn-c£ Bh-iy-

amb Ip´n-Iƒ, s]mXpÿm]-\-ß-fnse Ip´n-

I-tfm-Sp≈ kao-]\w

Hmtcm Kq∏pw Xß-fpsS hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v A\p-`-h-ß-fpsS

shfn-®-Øn¬ ]iv\-߃, Bh-iy-߃, ]cn-lmc \n¿t±-i-߃ F∂n-

ßs\ Hmtcm ImcysØ kw_-‘n®pw ]´n-I-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv. Bh-iy-߃ ]©m-b-Øn\v ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w

hy‡-ambn Fgp-tX-≠-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm Kq∏n\pw Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Hcp

A≤y-£-t\bpw Ah-Xm-c-I-t\bpw XpS-°-Øn¬Xs∂ sXc-s™-Sp-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

]Xn-\n[n Xnc-s™-Sp∏v

Kq∏v Ah-X-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw Ip´n-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Xm¬∏-cyhpw

]m]vXn-bp-ap≈ c≠v hoXw s]¨Ip-´n-sbbpw B¨Ip-´n-sbbpw Ip´n-

I-fpsS ]©m-bØvk`-bn-te°v sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Ip´n-I-fpsS ]©mbØvk`

F√m Ip´n-I-fpsS Kma-k-`-bn-tebpw ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf tN¿Øv (\mep

hoXw) ]©m-bØv ]kn-U≠v A≤y-£\pw, h\nXm˛inip hnI-k\

h¿°nwKv Kq∏v sNb¿t]-gvk¨ I¨ho-\dpw, h\nXm˛inip hnI-k\

26 27

ssI∏p-kvXIw

15

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

15

h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-\-¿ tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dp-ambn Ip´n-I-fpsS ]©m-

bØvk` hnfn-®p-tN¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ip´nI-fpsS ]©m-bØvk` Hmtcm

Kmak`-bp-tSbpw dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ hnjbmSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tImUo-I-cn-t°-

≠Xpw Ah-bnse \n¿t±-i-߃ ]cn-tim-[n®v A\p-tbm-Py-amb

]h¿Ø\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v cq]w \¬tI-≠-Xp-am-Wv. CXns\ ASn-

ÿm-\-am°n hnjb taJ-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ h¿°nwKv Kq-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-

dm-°p∂ ]h¿Ø\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]©m-bØv `c-W-k-an-Xn°v ssIam-

td-≠Xpw c-W-k-anXn Bh-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xp-amWv.

bph-P\ Kma-k`

tIc-fØn¬ P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 44% bph-P-\-ß-fm-Wv. Hcp \mSns‚

kºØpw `mhn- hmKvZm-\-ßfpw bph-P-\-ß-fm-Wv. hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-

\-ß-fn¬ bphm-°sf ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m-\p≈ Hcp ][m\ thZn-bmWv

Kmak-`. F∂m¬ bph-P-\-߃ CXp ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn¬

Xm¬∏cyw ImWn-°p-∂n√ F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X.- Kma-k-`-I-fn¬ bph-

P-\-ßfpsS ]¶m-fnØw hfsc Ipd™ Ah-ÿ-bmWv C∂v \ne-

\n¬°p∂-Xv. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ bph-P-\-ß-tfbpw bph-P\ Iq´m-

bva-I-tfbpw D]-bp-‡-am°n bph-P-\-t£a ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-

cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ Bkq-XWw sNbvXv \S-∏n-em-°pI hfsc ]bm-

k-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]e t£a ]≤-Xn-Ifpw bph-P-\-߃ Adn-bmsX

t]mIp-∂pap≠v. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ bph-P\ Kma-k-`-bpsS ]k-

‡nbpw Bh-iy-I-Xbpw h¿≤n®p hcp-∂p. P\m-[n-]Xy A[n-Imc hntI-

µo-I-cW ]In-b-bnepw ]mtZ-inI cW˛hnIk\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw,

Inbm-fl-I-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥ Ign-bp∂ bph kaq-l-Øns‚ ]¶m-fnØw

C∂sØ kmaqly kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

bph-P\ Kma-k` F¥v? F¥n\v?

18 \pw 35 \pw at≤y ]mb-ap≈ bphXn bphm-°-sfbmWv bph-P\

Kma-k-`-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xv. \msf-bpsS hmKvZm-\-ß-fmb bph-X-

e-ap-dbv°v \mSns‚ hnI-k-\-˛t£a ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-

28 29

ssI∏p-kvXIw

16

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

16

∂-Xn\pw Bi-b-߃ ]¶phbv°p-∂-Xn\pw Iq´mb Xocp-am-\-߃ FSp-

°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ thZnI-fmWv Kma-k-`-Iƒ. Kma-k-`-I-fn-eqsS bph-P-

\-ß-fn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ hyXykvX Bi-b-ßsf Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb N¿®-

bn-eqsS AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw, CXv \mSns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xnbv°v klm-bI-

am-°m\pw, ]e taJ-e-I-fn-tebpw ]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v D]-

bp-‡-am-°m\pw Ign-tb≠-Xm-Wv. bph-P-\-Iq-´m-bva-bn-eqsS e£y-t_m-

[-ap≈ bph-P-\-Xsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ahsc icn-bmb Zni-bn-

te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw bph-P\ Kma-k-`°v Ign-bp-∂XmWv.

bph-P\ Kma-k-` ˛ e£y-߃

1. bph-P-\-ßsf ]©m-b-Øns‚ hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]¶m-fn-

I-fm-°pI

2. bph-P-\-ß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-sfbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v

Ahsc t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°pI

3. ]©m-b-Øp-ambn _‘-s∏´v bph-P-\-߃°v Fs¥ms° sNøm≥

km[n°pw F∂ hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠m-°pI

4. bph-P-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ taJ-e-I-fn¬ t]mP-IvSp-Iƒ cq]o-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v bph-P-\-ß-sfbpw

bphP\-¢-∫p-I-sfbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØpI

5. bph-P-\-ß-fpsS t£a-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-∏n-

em-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°p∂ ÿm]-\-ßsf°pdn-®p≈ N¿®-Iƒ

Kma-k-`-bn-eqsS \S-Øp-Ibpw Bh-iy-°msc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw

sNøpI

6. ]©m-b-Øn¬ bph-P-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hmtcm taJ-e-I-fnepw

\ne-hn-ep≈ kwhn-[m-\-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bm-sW∂pw IqSp-X¬ sa®-

s∏-Sp-Øm-\mbn Fs¥ms° sNøm≥ Ign-bp-sa∂pw Iq´mb N¿®-

bn-eqsS Xocp-am-\n-°pI

bph-P\ Kma-k`

Hmtcm hm¿Un¬ \n∂pw 18 \pw 35 \pw at≤y ]mb-ap≈ bphXo

bphm-°ƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-XmWv bph-P\ Kma-k-`. hm¿Un¬ \n∂p-

ap≈ bph-P-\-ß-fpsS Bh-iy-߃, ]iv\-߃, ]cn-lm-c \n¿t±i-߃

F∂nh tImUo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnI-k\ skan-\m-dn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ kwhn-[m-\-am-bncn°pw CXv.

bph-P\ Kma-k` I¨ho-\¿

hm¿Unse ]©m-bØv saº¿ hm¿Up-Xe Kma-k-`-bpsS I¨ho\¿

Bbn-cn-°pw.

A≤y-£≥

Kma-k` tbmK-Øn¬ Kma-]-©m-bØv ]kn-U≠v A≤y-£-\m-bn-

cn-°pw. ]kn-U≠ns‚ Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ sshkv ]kn-U-≠pw, c≠p-

t]-cp-tSbpw Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ I¨ho-\dpw A≤y-£X hln-°-Ww.

bph-P-\- Kma-k` tbmK-߃

Ipd-™Xv h¿j-Øn¬ Hcn-°¬ \n›bn-°p∂ ÿeØv tbmKw

tNcWw

tbmKw hnfn-°¬

tbmKw hnfn®p tN¿t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw I¨ho-\-dmb hm¿Uv

saº¿am-cn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-Wv.

tbmK Ad-nbn∏p \¬I¬, kwLm-S\w

]©m-bØv `cW kan-Xn- Xocp-am-\-Øn\v tijw bph-P-\-t£-a-hp-

ambn _‘-s∏´ h¿°nwKv Kq∏ns‚ I¨ho-\¿, bph-i‡n tIm -Hm¿Un-

t\-‰¿am¿, ¢∫v `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ F∂n-hsc Adn-bn®psIm≠v Xmsg

]dbpw ]Imcw Ad-nbn∏v \¬IWw.

1. bph-i‡n tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿, ¢∫v `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ F∂n-h-cpsS

klm-b-tØmsS 18 \pw 35 \pw at≤y ]mb-ap≈ bph-P-\-ß-ƒ°v

Kma-k` Ad-nbn∏v \¬IWw

2. bph-P\ kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v Kma-k` Adn-bn∏p \¬IWw

3. bph-P\ ¢_pIƒ, k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ F∂n-h¿°v t\m´okv

\¬IWw

4. bph-P-\- Kma-k` t\m´okv F√m s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw s]mXp-

ÿ-e-ß-fnepw ]Z¿in-∏n-°Ww

tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿

Kma-]-©m-bØv Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ bph-P-\- Kma-k-`-

bpsS tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbn ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kma-k-`-bp-ambn

30 31

ssI∏p-kvXIw

17

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

17

_‘-s∏´ F√m -]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw I¨ho-\sd tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\‰¿

klm-bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

cPn-kvtS-j≥

tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-h¿ cPn-kvtS-j≥ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Bh-

iy-amb hnh-c-ß-f-S-ßnb t^mdw CXn-\mbn Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kq∏v

Xncn-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ tImUv \º¿ sImSpØv cPn-

kvtS-j≥ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

an\pSvkv Xømdm-°¬

bph-P\ Kma-k-`-bn¬ FSp-°p∂ Xocp-am-\-ß-fpsS an\pSvkv tbmK-

ÿ-eØp h®p Xs∂ FgptX-≠-Xpw, tbmKm-h-km\w AwK-ßsf

hmbn®p tIƒ∏n -t°-≠-Xp -amWv. CXv tIm˛ -Hm¿Un -t\-‰ -dpsS

NpaXebmWv.

tNmZy-߃ \n¿t±-i-߃

bph-P\ Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃

F∂nh tbmK-Øn\p aptºm, tbmKw \S-°p-tºmtgm FgpXn ka¿∏n-

°p-hm≥ Ah-Imiw D≠m-bn-cn°p∂-Xm-Wv.

DZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw

]kn-U≠v Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v Xt±i ÿm]-\-Øns‚ \nb-

¥-W-Øn-ep≈Xpw bph-P-\-t£-a-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ taJ-e-I-fnep≈-

Xp-amb DtZym-K-ÿ¿ Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. DZm: Irjn

Hm^o-k¿, saUn-°¬ Hm^o-k¿, eoUv _m¶v amt\-P¿, hn.-C.-H.,

sF.kn.-Un.-F-kv. kq∏¿ssh-k¿.

Xocp-am-\-ßfpw ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw

bph-P-\-ß-fpsS Kma-k-`-I-fnse ip]m¿i-Iƒ°pw, \n¿t±-i-

߃°pw ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ A¿l-amb ]cn-K-W\ Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

bph-P-\-ß-fpsS Kma-k` kwLm-S-\w, \S-Øn∏v

1. Xob-Xn, ka-bw, ÿew

bph-P-\-߃°v FØp-∂-Xn\v tbmPn® ÿehpw Xob-Xnbpw ka-

bhpw \n›-bn-°m≥ i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ah[n Znh-k-ß-fmWv A`n-

Im-ayw. hm¿Uv saºdmb I¨ho-\¿ ]kn-U-≠p-ambn Iq´mbn

Btem-Nn®v ÿew Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

2. bph-P-\-ß-fpsS Kma-k-`-bn¬ Kma-k-`mw-K-߃, ]©m-b-Øw-K-

߃, ]©m-bØv \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏Sp∂- DtZym-K-ÿ¿, s^kn-en-t‰-

‰¿am¿ F∂n-h-scm-gnsI a‰p s]mXp-P-\-߃ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂Xv Hgn-

hm-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

AP≠

bph-P-\-ß-fpsS Kma-k-`bv°v hy‡-amb Imcy-]-cn-]mSn D≠m-bn-

cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. cPn-kvtS-j≥, kzmK-Xw. A≤y-£-]-kw-Kw, hnj-bm-

h-X-c-Ww, Kq∏v N¿®, Kq∏v Ah-X-c-Ww, tImUo-I-cWw, ]©m-

bØvXe bph-P\ Kma-k-`-bpsS ]Xn-\n[n sXc-s™-Sp-∏v, IrX-RvPX

F∂nh \n›-b-ambpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-Øn¬ bph-P-

\-߃ t\cn-Sp∂ ]iv\-߃, bph-P-\-߃°v ]©m-b-Øp-Ifp-ambn

_‘-s∏´p \S-Øm-hp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-߃, bph-P-\-ßsf kw_-‘n-

®p≈ ]©m-b-Øns‚ ImgvN-∏m-Sv F∂nh ]cm-a¿in-°Ww. DZvLm-S-\-

Øn\p tijw Xmsg ]d-bp∂ hnj-b-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Kq∏p-

Ifmbn Xncn®v N¿®°v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°-Ww.

Kq∏v N¿®-bv°p≈ hnj-b-߃

• k∂≤ tkh\ cwKØv bph-P-\-ß-fpsS ]¶v

• hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfnepw tkh-\-ßfnepw bph-P-\-ß-fpsS ]¶v

• k¶p-NnX hn`m-Kob e£y-߃ ap≥\n-¿Øn-bp≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-

fn¬ F¥p sIm≠v bphm-°ƒ ASn-a-s∏-Sp∂p

• sXmgnepw hyh-kmb kwc-`-I-Xzhpw

• bph-P-\-ßfpw ]cn-ÿnXn ˛ BtcmKy kwc-£-Whpw

• Im¿jnI taJ-ebpw bph-P-\-ßfpw

Hmtcm hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n® ]-iv\-߃, Bh-iy-߃, ]cn-lmc

\n¿t±-i-߃ F∂nh ]´n-I-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Bh-

iy-߃ ]©m-b-Øn\v ]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ Ignbpw hn[w hy‡-ambn Fgp-

tX-≠-Xm-Wv. Kq∏v N¿®°v apºv AwK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Hcp A≤y-£-

t\bpw Ah-Xm-c-I-t\bpw sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

32 33

ssI∏p-kvXIw

18

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

18

]Xn-\n[n sXc-s™-Sp∏v

Kq∏v Ah-X-c-W-Øn\p tijw AwK-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw XmXv]-cyhpw

k∂-≤-X-bp-ap≈ 3 hoXw bph-Xn-Itfbpw bphm-°tfbpw bph-P-\-ß-

fpsS ]©m-bØvk`-bnte°v sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

bph-P-\-ß-fpsS ]©m-bØv k`

bph-P\ Kma-k` ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf tN¿Øv ( Hcp hm¿Unse 3 bph-

Xn-Ifpw bphm-°fpw) ]©m-bØv ]kn-U≠v A≤y-£-\pw, -hn-Zym-

`ymkw˛-bp-h-P-\-t£-aw-˛-kw-kvImcw h¿°nwKv Kq∏v sNb¿am≥ I¨ho-

\-dpw, -hn-Zym-`ym-k-˛-bp-h-P-\-t£-a-˛-kw-kvImc h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-

\¿ tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dp-ambn ]©m-bØvk` hm¿Uv bph-P\ Kma-k-

`Iƒ°v tijw hnfn®p tN¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv. `c-W-k-anXn AwK-ßfpw

bph-P-\-t£-a-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]©m-b-ØvXe DtZym-K-ÿcpw Cu

Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ a‰v hnZ-Kv[-scbpw

Kma-k-`-bn-te°v £Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Kq∏v N¿®-bn¬ Dcp-Øn-cn™p

h∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ ]cn-tim-[n®v hnjbmSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tImUo-I-cn®v

A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]h¿Ø\ ]cn-]m-Sn°v cq]w \¬tI-≠-Xpam-Wv. C]-

Imcw Xøm-dm-°nb ]h¿Ø\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ ]©m-bØv cW kanXn°v

ssIam-td-≠Xpw `cW kanXn Bh-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-t°-

≠-Xp-am-Wv.

kvXoI-fpsS Kma-k`

kvXoI-fpsS Kma-k` F¥v? F¥n\v?

P\-kw-Jy-bn¬ ]Ip-Xn-bn-tesd hcp∂ kvXoIsf IqSn hnI-k-\-

Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-tºmtg hnI-k\w ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-I-bp-≈q. kvXoI-

fpsS A≤zm-\-ti-jnbpw \mSns‚ ]ptcm-K-Xn°v apX¬Iq-´mbn amd-Ww.

kvXoI-fpsS hnI-k\w t]mse-X-s∂-bm-Wv kvXo-Isf hnI-k-\-Øn¬

]¶m-fn-I-fm-°pI F∂-Xv. A[n-Imc hntI-µo-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS ssIh-

∂n-´p≈ Ah-k-c-߃ Hcp ]cn-[n-h-sc-sb-¶nepw kvXoI-fpsS Ah-ÿ-

bn¬ am‰w hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃

]q¿Æ-ambpw \nd-th-‰p -∂-Xn-\v, IpSpw-_-Ønepw kaq-l-Ønepw

kvXoIƒ°v XS- -ß-fp-≠v. AXn-s\mcp ]cn-lm-c-ap≠m-h-W-sa-¶n¬,

IpSpw-_m-¥-co-£hpw kmaq-lnIm-¥-co-£hpw kvXo kulr-Z-ambn amtd-

≠-Xp-≠v. Hcp kvXo kulrZ ]©m-bØv F∂ e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v

Fs¥√mw am‰-ß-fmWv D≠m-tI-≠Xv? GsX√mw coXn-bn-ep≈ CS-s]-

S-ep-Iƒ D≠m-IWw? Bsc-√m-amWv Cu am‰-Øn-\p-th≠n ]cn-i-an-t°-

≠Xv XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-sf√mw hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\v th≠n-

bmWv kvXoI-fpsS Kma-k-`.

34 35

ssI∏p-kvXIw

19

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

19

kvXoI-fpsS Kma-k` e£y-߃

1. kvXoIƒ kz¥w ]Zhn F¥m-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bpI

2. bYm¿∞ im‡o-I-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ah-t_m-[-ap-≠m-°pI

3. \mSns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn¬ kvXoI-fpsS ]q¿Æ-amb ]¶m-fnØw

Dd∏m°pI

4. enwK-coXn Dd-∏m°n sIm≠p≈ Hcp hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠m-°pI

5. kvXoI-fpsS kpÿn-c-amb ]ptcm-K-Xn°v klm-b-I-c-amb Hcp \bw

cq]o-I-cn-°pI

kvXoI-fpsS Kma-k-`-bn¬

• ]©m-b-Ønse Hmtcm hm¿Untebpw 18 \pta¬ ]mb-ap≈

kvXoIƒ Kma-k-`-bn¬ AwK-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.

• hyXykvX cmjvSob˛kmaq-ly˛kmº-ØnI˛hnZym-`ymk ]›m-Ø-

e-Øn¬ \n∂p≈hcpsS ]¶m-fnØw D≠m-IWw (km-aqly

]h¿Ø-I¿, DtZym-K-ÿ¿, dn´. DtZym-K-ÿ¿, kwL-S\m `m-c-hm-

ln-Iƒ, hnZym¿∞n-\nIƒ XpS-ßn-b-h¿)

• I¨ho-\¿ ˛ hm¿Uv saº¿ Bbn-cn°pw Kma-k- -bpsS I¨ho-\¿

• A≤y-£≥ Kma-k` tbmK-Øns‚ A≤y-£≥ ]©m-bØv ]kn-

U≠mbn-cn-°pw. ]kn-U-≠ns‚ Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ sshkv]-kn-

U≠pw c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw Akm∂n≤y-Øn¬ hm¿Uv saºdpw Kma-

k` tbmK-Øn¬ A≤y-£X hln-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

• tbmK And-bn-∏p-\¬I¬, kwLm-S\w ˛ ]©m-bØv `c-W-k-an-

Xn-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-tØmsS h\nXm h¿°nwKv Kq∏ns‚ I¨ho-

\¿- F-.Un.-Fkv., kn.-Un.-Fkv. F∂n-hsc Adn-bn®v sIm≠v Kma-

k` tbmK Ad-nbn-∏p-Iƒ Xmsg-Ø-e-Øn-te°v sImSpt°≠-XmWv.

1. s]mXp-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬, k¿°m¿ Hm^o-kp-I-fn¬ t\m´okv ]Z¿in-

∏nbvt°≠-XmWv

2. hnhn[ k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v And-bn-∏p-sIm-Sp-°Ww

tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ :

]©m-bØv \n›-bn-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Kma-k-`-bpsS tIm˛-Hm¿Un-

t\-‰-dmbn ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kma-k-`-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ F√m

]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw I¨ho-\sd tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ klm-bn-t°-≠-

XmWv.

an\pSvkv :

an\pSvkpw Xocp-am-\-ß-fpw tbmK-ÿ-eØv sh®v Xs∂ FgpXn

tbmKm-h-km\w hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-°Ww

tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃

Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃ F∂nh

tbmK-Øn\v aptºm tbmK-Øn¬ sht®m FgpXn ka¿∏n°m≥ Ah-

Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw

LS-I-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnse _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ¿°v Kma-k-`-bn¬

]s¶-Sp-°m≥ ]kn-U≠v \n¿t±iw \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

Xob-Xn, ÿew, kabw

kvXoIƒ°v FØn-t®-cphm≥ A\p-tbm-Py-amb ÿehpw Xob-

Xnbpw ka-bhpw \n›-bn-°m≥ i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Ac Znhkw

ssZ¿Lyw (3-˛4 aWn-°q¿) e`n-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ cmhn-tetbm D®°v

tijtam tNcp∂ coXn-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww Kma-k-`-bpsS Imcy-]-cn-]mSn

\n›-bn-t°-≠-Xv.

AP≠

kvXoI-fpsS Kma-k- °v hy‡-amb Imcy-]-cn-]mSn D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww.

cPn-kvtS-j≥ ka-bØv Xs∂ F√m hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]mXn-

\n[yw D≠m-IØ° coXn-bn¬ (A, B, C, D/ 1,2,3,4) F∂n-ßs\ tImUv

sImSp-°p∂Xv Kq∏v Xncn-bp-∂-Xn\v kuI-cy-am-bn-cn-°pw. Ipd-™Xv 6

hnjb Kq∏p-Ifmbn Xncn®v N¿® \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. cPn-kvtS-j≥,

kzmKXw, A≤y£ ]kw-Kw, hnj-bm-h-X-c-Ww, Kq∏vN¿®, dnt∏m¿´nwKv,

tImUo-I-c-Ww, IrX-⁄X F∂nh D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-Øn¬ bYm¿∞ im‡o-I-c-Ww, kvXobpsS ]Z-hn

sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-sX-ßs\, kvXoIƒs°-Xnsc \S-°p-∂- A-Xn-I-a-߃,

PmKXm kanXn t]mep≈ kwhn-[m-\-߃ F∂nh Fßs\ ]tbm-

P-\-s∏-SpØmw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ Imcy-߃ Dƒs∏-SpØmw.

36 37

ssI∏p-kvXIw

20

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

20

Hcp kvXo, kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-ambn im‡o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-

tºm-gm-Wv bYm¿∞ im‡o-I-cWw F∂v ]d-bp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.

D¬∏m-Z-\-]-c-amb sXmgn-ep-Iƒ sNbvXv hcp-am-\-ap-≠m-°p-Ibpw B hcp-

am-\sØ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ah-k-chpw kzmX-¥yhpw In´pIbpw

sNøpI F∂-XmWv kº-ØnI im‡o-I-c-Ww. AXp-t]m-se-X-s∂,

Adnhv h¿≤n-°p-I, imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-amb Btcm-Ky-ap-≠m-hpI,

Adnhns\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-I, Adnhv t\Sp-

∂-Xn-eqsS ]Xn-I-cn-°m\pw Bflhnizmkw h¿≤n-∏n-°m\pw Ign-bpI

F∂-XmWv kmaq-lnI im‡o-I-c-Ww. Cu coXn-bn¬ im‡o-I-cn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-eqsS amXta kvXobpsS ]Zhn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ignbq.

\mfn-Xp-hsc \mw \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ hnI-k\ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬, kmaq-

lnI im‡o-I-c-Ww km≤y-amIØ° coXn-bn¬ Btcm-Ky ˛ hnZym-

`ymk ˛ kmwkv°m-cnI taJ-e-I-fn¬ FX-am-Xw, kvXoIƒ°v KpW-

I-c-amb kao-]\w D≠v F∂v hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNø-Ww. s]mXp-cw-K-

ß-fn¬ kvXoIƒ IqSp-X-embn Zriy-cmWv F∂v ]d-bp-tºmgpw KpW-

]-c-amb ]¶m-fn-Øw D≠m-Ip-∂pt≠m? t\Xr-Xz-Øn-te°v kzbw Ibdn

h∂v DØ-cm-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-te°v kvXoIƒ Xøm-dm-Ip∂

A\p-`-h-߃ Ipd-hm-Wv. ASn-t®¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]¶m-fn-Ø-a-√msX

kzm`m-hnI ]¶m-fn-Ø-amWv kvXobpsS ]Zhn Db¿∂p F∂-Xn-\p≈

sXfn-hmbn ImtW-≠-Xv. Cu ]Z-hn-bn-ep≈ Db¿®°v IpSpw-_-Øn¬

AwKo-Imcw In´-Ww. At∏mƒ amXta kaq-l-Øn¬ AwKo-Imcw t\Sn-

sb-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bq.

kvXobpsS X¥-]-c-amb Bh-iy-߃ \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-eqsS amXta

]Zhn sa®-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≈q. kzØn¬ DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw D≠m-I-Ww,

\n¿Æm-b-I-amb Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°m\pw A`n-]mbw ]d-bm\pw Ign-

bp∂ coXn-bn-te°v Adnhv D≠mI-Ww, kmt¶-XnI sshZKv[yw h¿≤n-

°-Ww, kvXoI-fpsS khn-ti-j-amb ]iv\-߃ (B-tcm-Kyw, hnZym-

`ym-kw, XpS-ßnbh) ]cn-l-cn -°m-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-I-Ww.

kvXo]Zhn ]T\w Fßs\ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw F∂pw N¿® sNø-

Ww. Ct∏mƒ \S-∏n-em-°n-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Cu e£yw t\Sp-

∂-h-b-√. ]Icw kvXobpsS ]mtbm-Kn-I-amb Bh-iy-߃ \nd-th-‰p-

∂-Xn-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-I-fmWv \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. IpSn-sh-≈w, km\n-t‰-j≥

kuI-cyw, ASn-ÿm\ kuIcyw sa®-s∏-Sp-ج XpS-ßnb ]≤-Xn-I-

fm-Wn-t∏mƒ D≈-Xv. kvXobpsS Ahÿ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn\v amXta

CXv klm-b-I-am-Iq

kwLw tNcp-∂-Xn-eqsS Adnhpw Ignhpw t\Sn kvXo apt∂-dp∂p

F∂p-]-d-bp-tºmgpw adp-h-iØv kvXo ]oU-\-ßfpw AXn-I-a-ßfpw

h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂p. A[n-Im-cØnt\m \nb-a-Ønt\m kwc-£n-°m≥ Ign-

bmØ coXn-bn-te°v A¥-co£w amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kml-N-

cy-Øn¬ Fßs\ kvXoI-fpsS kpc-£n-XXzw Dd-∏m-°m≥ Ignbpw,

Fs¥ms° Xøm-sd-Sp-∏p-I-fmWv th≠Xv, PmKXm kanXn t]mep≈

thZn-Iƒ Fßns\ ^e-]-Z-ambn CXn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw F∂o Imcy-

ßfpw N¿® sNø-Ww.

Kq∏v N¿®-bv°p≈ hnj-b-߃

a) IpSpw-_w, kaqlw • IpSpw-_-Øn-t‚bpw kaq-l-Øn-t‚bpw DØ-

c-hm-Zn-Ø-߃ Gs‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v apt∂m´v

hcp∂ kvXo°v A¿l-amb AwKo-Imcw

IpSpw-_-Øn¬ \n∂v e`n-°p-∂pt≠m?

• kvXobpsS h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ Adnhpw

Ignhpw AwKo-I-cn-®psIm-≠v, hy‡n F∂

\ne-bn¬ kaqlw kvXosb AwKo-I-cn-°p-

∂pt≠m?

b) BtcmKyw • ]mtZ-in-I-am-bn, C∂sØ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-

ep≈ NnIn’m kuI-cyw, kvXoI-fpsS

khn-tij ]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bp-∂-h-bmtWm?

• ]pXnb Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw `£W coXn-

Ifpw \ΩpsS Btcm-KysØ ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn

_m[n-°p-∂pt≠m?

• IpSpw -_m-¥-co -£hpw Pohn -X-I-ahpw

kvXoI-fpsS am\-kn-Im-tcm-Ky-Øns‚

XI¿®°v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂pt≠m?

• hnizm-k-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw kvXoI-fp-sS

Btcm-KysØ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂pt≠m?

38 39

ssI∏p-kvXIw

21

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

21

c) hnZym-`ymkw • hnZym -`ymk cwKØv kvXo˛]pcpj

hnthN\w \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m?

• D∂X hnZym-`ymk cwKØv, kmt¶XnI

hnZym-`ymk cwK-Øv, s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°v

FX-amXw ]m]yX D≠v?

• t\Sp∂ hnZym -`ymkw Pohn -X -Øn¬

]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂pt≠m?

• hnhc hn\n-ab cwK-Øp-≠m-bn-´p≈ ]ptcm-

KXn (C‚¿s\‰v, samss_¬, Sn.-hn) Zpcp-]-

tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS kvXoI-fpsS A¥ v

tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m?

d) X¥-]-c-amb Bh - • ]Zhn Db¿Øp-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-amb

iy-߃, ]mtbm-KnI coXn-bn¬ Fs¥√mw ]≤-Xn-I-fmWv

Bh-iy-߃ ]©m-b-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-´p-≈Xv?

(Im-cy-]m]vXn h¿≤-\-hv, kmt¶-XnI

sshZKv[yw, icn-bmb BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w, Iuam-c-]m-b-°m-cpsS ]iv\-߃°v]cn-lm-cw, PmKXm kanXn ]h¿Ø-\w,kvXo ]Zhn ]T\w XpS-ßn-bh˛ h\nXm

LSI ]≤Xn ^≠v D]-tbm-Kn®v)

• ]mtbm-KnI Bh-iy-߃ ]q¿Æ-ambn \nd-

th-‰-s∏-Sp-∂pt≠m?

• s]mXp-t]mP-IvSp-I-fn¬ kvXoIƒ°v KpW-

I-c-amb kao-]\w D≠m-Ip-∂pt≠m?

e) kmaqly ]¶m-fnØw • s]mXp-cw-K-Øp-h-cm-\p-≠mb kml-Ncyw

kzm`m-hn-I-amtWm? F¥mWv? \n¿_‘w sIm≠mtWm kz¥w

CjvS-]-ImcamtWm?

• s]mXp-cw-KØv Inbm-fl-I-ambn CS-s]-Sm≥

Ign-bp-∂pt≠m? (Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°m≥, A`n-

]mbw ]d-bm≥)

• ]¶m-fnØw KpW-I-c-am-°m≥ Fs¥√mw

Imcy -߃ i≤n -°p -∂p≠v? (Adnh v

t\Sm≥, ]Xn-I-cn-°m≥, ]Xn-tj-[n-°m≥)

• _mly kΩ¿±-߃ \nß-fpsS CS-s]-S-

ens\ kzm[o-\n-°p-∂pt≠m? (cmjvSo-bw,

aXw, PmXn, A\m-Nm-c-߃)

f) kpc-£n-XXzw • `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb \nß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-

ßfpw \oXnbpw \ntj-[n-°p∂p F∂v

tXm∂n-bn-´pt≠m?

• Ds≠-¶n¬ Cu \ntj-[-߃s°-Xnsc

\n߃°v ]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bptam?

• im‡o-I-cWw \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu

Ime-L-´-Øn¬ kvXoIƒ kpc-£n-X-

cmtWm?

• Bcn¬ \n∂mWv kwc-£Ww th≠Xv?

• Bcm-Wv kwc-£n-t°-≠Xv?

Kq∏p-I-fn¬ Hcp A≤y-£\pw dnt∏m¿´dpw D≠m-I-Ww. N¿®-Iƒ°v

klm-b-I-c-ambn amXw s^kn-en-t‰-‰¿ CS-s]-S-Ww. Kq∏n¬ N¿®

sNbvX Imcy-߃ FgpXn Xøm-dm°n πo\-dn-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww.

A≤y-£≥ Kq∏p-I-fnse dnt∏m¿´-h-X-c-W-Øn\v tijw tImUo-I-cn®v

kwkm-cn-°-Ww. kvXoI-fpsS ]©m-bØvk`-bn-te°v Kma-k-`-bn¬

\n∂pw 5 ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf sXc-s™-Sp-°-Ww.

N¿®-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A\pIqe kml-N-cy-ßsf t]m’m-

ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]Xn-Iqe kml-N-cy-߃°v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-∂-

Xn\pw th≠n-bp≈ \b-k-ao-]\w `c-W-k-an-Xn-bpsS `mKØv \n∂v

cq]s∏-´p-h-c-Ww.

kvXoI-fpsS ]©m-bØvk`

kvXoI-fpsS Kma-k-`-I-fn¬ \n∂pw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ ]Xn-\n-[n-

Iƒ (5 hoXw) tN¿∂-XmWv ]©m-b-ØvXe k`. Kma-]-©m-bØv ]kn-

U≠v Bbn-cn°pw CXns‚ A≤y-£≥. h\nXm hnI-k\ h¿°nwKv

Kq∏v sNb¿t]-gvk¨ I¨ho-\dpw, sF.-kn.-Un.-Fkv. kq∏¿ssh-k¿

tIm -Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dp-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]©m-b-ØvXe k` hnfn-®p-tN¿t°-≠Xv

`c-W-k-anXn Xocp-am-\-Øn\v tijw I¨ho-\-dpsS Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.

40 41

ssI∏p-kvXIw

22

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

22

_‘s∏´ hIp-∏p-I-fnse DtZym-K-ÿ-tcmSv ]©m-b-Øvk-`-bn¬ ]s¶-

Sp-°m≥ ]kn-U≠v \n¿t±-in-t°≠-Xm-Wv. hm¿UvXe Kma-k-`-bp-tS-

Xn\v kam-\-amb AP≠ Chn-tSbpw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. hm¿UvX-

e-Øn¬ e`n-®n-´p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃ hnj-b-Kq-∏-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xncn™v

N¿® \S-Øn dnt∏m¿´v Xøm-dm°n ]©m-b-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°-Ww. hnhn[

hnjb taJe h¿°nwKv Kq∏p-Iƒ \n¿t±-i-߃ ]cn-tim-[n®v A\p-

tbm-Py-amb ]h¿Ø\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v cq]w \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv.

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS Kma-k`

Kma-k- m-th-Zn-Iƒ°v ]pdta apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿°v Ah-cpsS ]iv\-

ßfpw ]cn-lmc \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw htbm-P-\-

߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]cn-c-£W kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw ]h¿Ø\ ]cn-]m-

Sn-Ifpw ]mtZ-in-I-X-e-Øn¬ Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn apXn¿∂

]uc≥am-cpsS ]tXyI Kma-k-`-Iƒ tNcp-∂-Xn\v ka-tbm-Nn-X-ambn

Hmtcm Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\hpw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-t°-≠Xv Bh-

iy-am-Wv.

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS Kma-k` F¥n\v?

tZiob ˛ kwÿm\ htbm-P\ \b-tcJ ]Imcw 60 hb v XnI-

™-hsc apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cmbn IW-°m-°pw. htbm-P-\-߃ Ah-

cpsS hm¿≤-Iym-h-ÿ-bn¬ FØpw apºv kaq-l-Øn\pw cmjvS-Øn\pw

th≠n A\p-jvTn-®n-´p≈ al-Ømb tkh-\-߃ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-tXm-

sSm∏w Ah-tcm-Sp≈ IS-∏mSv Cu \bw hy‡-am-°p-∂p. htbm-P-\-ß-

fpsS ]iv\w kaq-l-Øns‚ ]iv\-am-sW∂pw Ah-cpsS ]cn-N-c-W-

Øn\pw ]cn-c-£°pw D]-cn-bmbn kPo-hhpw D¬∏m-Z-\-£-a-hp-amb ]¶m-

fn-Ø-Øn\pw, kzmX-¥yw, Bfl-kw-Xr-]vXn, A¥ v F∂n-h-°p≈

Ah-cpsS Ah-Imiw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xnepw [m¿Ωn-Ihpw `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-

42 43

ssI∏p-kvXIw

23

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

23

hp-amb _m[y-X-bp-s≠∂v \bw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. htbm-P-\-ßsf

Btcm-Ky-]-chpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-ambn

im‡o-I-cn-°p-I, i≤bpw ]cn-N-c-Whpw Bh-iy-amb htbm-P-\-߃°v

˛ F¨]Xv hb- n\v ta¬ ]mb-ap-f-f-h¿, hn[-h-I-fmb htbm-[n-I¿,

Ahn-hm-ln-X¿, Zp¿∫-e¿, ho´n¬ a‰m-cp-an-√m-Ø-h¿, amc-I-tcm-K-_m-[n-

X¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿°v ]tXyI ]cn-c£ e`y-am-°pI F∂nh Cu \bw

ap≥Iq´n ImWp-∂p.

kmº-ØnI Akp-c-£n-X-Xzw, bp‡-amb BtcmKy tkh-\-ß-fpsS

A`m-hw, IpSpw-_-]-cn-N-c-W-Øns‚ A`m-hw, \nb-a-]-c-amb ]n¥p-W-

°p-d-hv, kz¥w Ign-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-an-

√mbva F∂n-h-s°m∏w hni-a-Øn\pw hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw ]¶m-fn-ØØn\pw

D≈ ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw Zcn-Z-˛k-º∂ hyXym-k-an-√msX Ch-cpsS PohnXw

kt¥m-j-c-ln-X-am-°p-∂p. Ch-cn¬Xs∂ ]mb-ta-dnb kvXoI-fpsS

Ah-ÿ, enwK-]-Z-hn, sshhm-lnI Ah-ÿ, hcp-am-\--an-√mbva F∂nh

IqSn-tN¿∂v hf-sc-tbsd Zpjv°-c-ÿnXn krjvSn-°p-∂p.

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am¿°v kulr-Z-]-c-amb Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]\w

km[y-am-°pI F∂ ImgvN-∏m-SmWv Cu Kma-k-`-Iƒ sIm≠p-t±-in-

°p-∂-Xv. PohnX NI-Ønse Gsd k¶o¿Æ-amb Ime-L-´-amWv hm¿≤-

Iyw. Cu Ime-L-´-Øns‚ ]iv\-߃ XcWw sNøp-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-

amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn®v apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amsc A¥ pw Bfl-kw-

Xr]vXnbpap-≈-h-cm°n am‰n Ah-cpsS PohnX kml-Ncyw kt¥m-j-

]q¿Æ-am-t°-≠Xv kaq-l-Øns‚ IqSn Npa-X-e-bm-Wv.

]tXyI Kma-k`

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS ]iv\-ßfpw Bh-iy-ßfpw `c-W-\n¿∆-

lWw \S-Øp-∂-h-cpsS kPoh i≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn\pw AXp-

hgn Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw t£aw Dd-∏m-°p-

∂-Xn\pw Ign-bp∂ htbm-P\ \bm-[n-jvTnX `cW kwhn-[m\w

cq]s∏Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ thZn-bmWv ]tXyI Kma-k-`.

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS Kma-k-`-bpsS e£y-߃:

tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nb-a-Øn¬ \njv°¿jn-®n´p≈ Kma-k-`-

bpsS A[n-Im-c-߃°pw Ah-Im-i-߃°pw Npa-X-e-Iƒ°pw ]pdsa

Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ ]tXyI \n¿t±-i-ßfpw e£y-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw.

44 45

1) Hmtcm hm¿Un-tebpw Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\- ]tZ-i-tØbpw apXn¿∂

]uc≥am-cpsS \ne-hn-ep≈ Ah-ÿbpw klmb kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw

Xncn-®-dn™v Bh-iym-[n-jvTnX t]mP-IvSm-i-b-߃ \n¿t±-in-°p-

∂-Xn\v Ah-k-c-߃ Hcp-°p-I.

2) htbm-P\ t£a-]-h¿Ø-\-߃ hne-bn-cp-ØpI.

3) ]men-tb-‰ohv sIb¿ kwhn-[m-\-߃ G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm hn]p-eo-

I-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃ Xøm-dm-°pI.

4) htbm-P-\-߃°v FXn-cmb AXn-I-a-ßfpw t\cn-Sp∂ Km¿lnI

]oU-\-ßfpw \nb-a-]-c-ambn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn\pw ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw

kwhn-[m-\-߃ \n¿t±-in-°p-I.

5) htbm-P-\-ß-fpsS Btcm-Ky-kw-c-£-Ww, t]mj-Ww, tkh-\-tijn

]tbm-P-\w, hcp-am-\-Zm-bI ]h¿Ø-\w, kab hn\n-tbm-Kw,

hniaw, hnt\m-Zw, ]¶m-fnØw XpS-ßnb Pohn-Xm-h-iy-߃ N¿®

sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]cn-lmcw km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \n¿t±i߃

cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

6) htbm-P-\-ß-fn¬ Xs∂ kvXoIƒ, sshIey _m[n-X¿, iøm-hew_n-

Iƒ, Kpcp-Xc tcmK-_m-[n-X¿, A\m-Y¿, AK-Xn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS

]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v \ne-hn-ep≈ klmb kwhn-[m-\-

ßfpambn _‘-s∏-SpØn ]≤Xn \n¿t±-i-߃ ka¿∏n-°p-I.

7) htbm-P-\-ß-fpsS Iq´m-bva°v ]h¿Ø\ kan-Xn°v cq]w \¬IpI.

Kma-k`m tbmKw

Hmtcm hm¿Unepw apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS ]tXyI Kma-k` h¿j-

Øn-sem-cn-°-se-¶nepw tNc-Ww. Cu Kma-k-`-Iƒ hnI-k\ skan-\m-

dn\v apºmWv tNtc-≠-Xv.

I¨ho-\¿:

hm¿Uvsa-º¿ hm¿UvXe Kma-k` I¨ho-\-dm-bn-cn°pw

A≤y-£≥:

Xt±-i-kz-bw-` -cW ÿm]-\-Øns‚ ]kn-U-≠mWv apXn¿∂

]uc≥am-cpsS Kma-k`m tbmK-Øn¬ A≤y-£X hln-t°-≠-Xv.

ssI∏p-kvXIw

24

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

24

]knU-≠ns‚ Akm-∂n≤yØn¬ sshkv]-kn-U≠pw c≠p-t]-cp-tSbpw

Akm-∂n-≤y-Øn¬ I¨ho-\dpw tbmK-Øn¬ A≤y-£X hln-°Ww

tbmKw hnfn-°¬ :

tbmKw hnfn®v tN¿t°≠ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw I¨ho-\dmb hm¿Uv

sa-º-dn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-Wv.

kwLm-S-\w, tbmK And-bn∏v \¬I¬ :

]©m-bØv kan-Xn-bn¬ Btem-Nn® tijw kmaqly kpc-£n-XXz

h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-\¿, kn.-Un.-Fkv. mc-hm-ln-Iƒ, htbm-P\ ¢_v

`mc-hm-ln-Iƒ F∂n-hsc Adn-bn-®p-s°m≠v Kma-k` Ad-nbn-∏p-Iƒ

Xmsg-∏-dbpw ]Imcw \¬I-Ww.

1) s]mXp t\m´okv t_m¿Up-Iƒ, s]mXpÿe-߃, ÿm]-\-߃

F∂n-hn-Sßfn¬ t\m´okv ]Z¿in-∏n-°Ww

2) A¶WhmSn h¿°¿, Bi h¿°¿, IpSpw-_io ]h¿Ø-I¿ F∂n-

h-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS F√m htbm-P-\-߃°pw Adn-bn∏v

\¬IWw

3) htbm-P\ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, ¢_p-Iƒ, s]≥j-≥ImcpsS kwL-S-\-

Iƒ, k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ, sdkn-U≥kv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ XpS-

ßn-b-h¿°v And-bn∏v \¬I-Ww. hm¿UvX-e-Øn¬ kwLm-SI

kanXn cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.

tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿:

Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]\w Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥ Kma-k-`-bpsS

tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbn ]h¿Øn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kma-k-`-bp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ F√m ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw I¨ho-\sd tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ klm-

bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

an\p-Svkv :

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS Kma-k-`-bpsS Xocp-am-\-ßfpw an\pSvkpw

tbmK-ÿ-eØv sh®v Xs∂ FgptX-≠Xpw Xocp-am-\-߃ tbmK-Øn¬

hmbn-t°-≠-Xpw H∏v tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃:

]tXyI Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ tNmZy-߃, \n¿t±-i-߃

F∂nh tbmK-Øn\v aptºm tbmK-Øn¬ sht®m FgpXn ka¿∏n-°m≥

AwK-߃°v Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw:

Xt±-i-ÿm-]\ Xe-h≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®v LS-I-ÿm-]-\-

ß-fnse GsXm-cp-tZym-K-ÿ\pw ]tXy-In®v Btcm-Kyw, kmaq-ly-t£aw

XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS DtZym-K-ÿ¿ ]tXyI Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv.

Xocp-am-\-ßfpw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\hpw:

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS ]tXyI Kma-k-`-bpsS \n¿t±-i-߃°pw

ip]m¿i-Iƒ°pw s]mXp-Km-a-k-`-bp-tS-Xn\v Xpey-amb ]cn-KW\ Xt±-

i-`-cW ÿm]\w Dd-∏p-h-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

XobXn, ÿew, kabw ˛ htbm-P-\-߃°v FØn-t®-cp-hm≥ A\p-

tbm-Py-amb ÿew, ka-bw, XobXn F∂nh \n›-bn-°m≥ c-W-kanXn

i≤n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

]¶m-fnØw ˛ apXn¿∂-h-cpsS ]tXyI Kma-k-`-bn¬ B Kma-k`

]tZ-isØ apXn¿∂ ]uc≥amcpw P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw

s^kn-en-t‰-‰¿amcpw BWv ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xv.

AP≠

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS Kma-k-`°v hy‡-amb Imcy-]-cn-]mSn D≠m-

bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. cPn-kvtS-j≥, kzmK-Xw, A≤y£ ]kw-Kw, hnj-

bm-h-X-c-Ww, Kq∏v N¿®, Kq∏v Ah-X-c-Ww, tImUo-I-c-Ww, ]Xn-

\n[n sXc-s™-Sp-∏v, IrX-⁄X F∂nh AP-≠-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-Øn¬ htbm-P-\-ß-fpsS ]mtZ-in-Im-h-ÿ, apXn¿∂

]uc≥am¿°v e`y-am-bn-´p≈ klmb kwhn-[m-\-߃, htbm-P-\-ßsf

kw_-‘n® Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ImgvN-∏mSv XpS-ßn-bh kwK-l-ambn

Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°-Ww. DZvLm-S\ tbmK-Øn\v tijw Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂

hnj-b-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn®v N¿®°v Ah-kcw

Hcp-°-Ww.

46 47

ssI∏p-kvXIw

25

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

25

a) htbm-P-\-ß-fpsS • sXmgn¬\n-e-hm-cw, s]≥j-\p-Iƒ,

kmº-ØnI kpc£ t£a-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ, hcp-am-\-Zm-bI ]h¿Ø-

\-߃

b) BtcmKy tkh\w • ]tXyI ¢n\n -°p -Iƒ, Atem -∏ -Xn˛

Bbpjv NnIn’m kwtbm-P\w, sPdn-bm-

SnIv ¢n\n-°p-Iƒ, Krl-k-º¿° NnIn’m

km[y-X, BtcmKy tkh\ ]mt°-Pv,

t]mj-Im-lmcw XpS-ßn-bh

c) IpSpw-_hpw • Km¿lnI ]iv\-߃, a°-fpsS Dt]-£,

kpc-£bpw IΩyq -Wn‰n Iw tU sIb¿ sk‚¿,

sXmgn¬ ]cn-io-e\ kwhn-[m-\-߃, \nb-

a-k-lmb thZn-Iƒ

d) hni-aw, hnt\m-Zw, • htbm-P-\-߃°m-bp-ff Iq´m-bva-Iƒ,

]¶m-fnØw Iem-˛kmwkv°m-cnI ]h¿Ø\w, hnia

kt¶-X-߃, \m´-dn-hv, ]mc-ºcy Ie-Iƒ,

apØ»n IY-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh D]-bp-‡-am-

°m-\p-ff thZn-Iƒ

e) km¥z\ NnIn • km¥z\ NnIn’m k∂≤ ]h¿Ø\w,

’bpw ]cn-N-c-Whpw htbm-P\ Krl-k-º¿° ]cn-]mSn, htbm-

P\ klmb D]-I-c-W-߃ ]¶p-sh-°p-∂-

Xn-\p≈ thZn-Iƒ, ]c-kv]-cm-inX kwL-

cq-]o-I-cWw

Kq∏v N¿®°v ]tZ-i-Øn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb hnj-b-߃ sXc-s™-

Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. X¿°-߃°pw hntZz-j-߃°pw Imc-W-am-Ip∂ hnj-

b-߃ N¿®-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv. hntI-µo-Ir-Xm-kq-X-W-Øn¬

XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v Gs‰-Sp-°m-hp∂ Imcy-߃, Fw.-]n., Fw.-

F¬.F. ^≠v km[y-X-Iƒ, k¿°m¿ Bhn-jvIrX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ F∂n-

h-bn¬ N¿® Ia-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm Kq∏n\pw Hc-≤y-£\pw

Ah-Xm-c-I\pw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kq∏n¬ \n∂p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃

dnt∏m¿´mbn FgpXn Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

]Xn-\n[n sXc-s™-Sp∏v

Kq∏v Ah-X-c-W-Øn\v tijw k∂-≤-Xbpw Xm¬∏-cy-hp-ap≈ c≠p-

t]sc hnI-k\ skan-\m-dn-te°v ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-

Xm-Wv. CtXm-sSm∏w Kma-k-`°v bp‡-amb htbm-P\ ]h¿ØI

kanXn cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v k∂-≤-X-bp≈htcbpw ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS ]©m-b-Øp-Xe ]h¿ØI kanXn

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS ]iv\-ß-ƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah¿°mbn

kwhn-[m-\-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃°v

amX-ambn Ign-bp-I-bn-√. htbm-P-\-ßfn¬ Xs∂ Hmtcm ]Øv h¿jw

]mb-°q-Sp-X¬ D≈-h¿°pw hyXykvX tijn-Ifpw Bh-iy-ß-fp-amWv

D≈-Xv. CXv Xncn-®-dn™v ]e ]iv\-ßfpw Cu hn`mKw P\-X-bpsS

Xs∂ ]cvkv]c [mc-Wbpw kl--I-c-Whpw hgn ]c-nl-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bpw. CtXm-sSm∏w Cu ]h¿Ø-\-ßsf \nb-am-\p-kr-Xhpw \b-]-c-hp-

ambn klm-bn-°m\pw \ne-\n¿Øm\pw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃°m-

hpw. ta¬∏-d™ c≠v coXn-Ifpw D]-bp-‡-am-°p-hm≥ k∂-≤-Xbpw

Xm¬∏-cy-hp-ap≈ htbm-P-\-ßsf tN¿Øv ]©m-b-Øn\v s]mXp-hmbn

apXn¿∂ ]uc≥am-cpsS Hcp ]h¿ØI kanXn cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v Xt±-

i-`-cW ÿm]\w ap≥ssI FSp-t°-≠Xpw ÿm]\ A≤y-£≥ Cu

]h¿ØI kan-Xn-bpsS c£m-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-am-Wv.

48 49

ssI∏p-kvXIw

26

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

26

imco-cnI ˛ am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒt\cn-Sp-∂-hcpsS Kma-k`

imco-cnI ˛ am\-kn-I sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp∂ (sshI-ey-a-\p-`-hn-

°p-∂) hy‡n-Iƒ cmjvS-Øns‚ hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ a\pjy hn`-ham-

sW∂pw Ah¿°v Xpeym-h-k-c-ß-fpw, Ah-Imi kpc-£bpw ]q¿Æ-]-

¶m-fn-Øhpw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb kml-N-cy-߃ kaq-

l-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-W-sa∂pw tZiob \bw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. ‘B¿Z-

Xbpw Icp-X-tem-sS-bp-ap≈ hnI-k\w’ 12 ˛mw ]≤-Xn-bpsS ]Jym-

]nX \b-am-Wv. Cu \bw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂Xv imco-

cnI am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cpsS s]mXp-[m-cm-h¬°-c-W-

Øn\pw Ah-Imi kwc-£-W-߃°p-am-Wv. CXn-\-Iw Xs∂ hnI-emw-

K¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ kmaqly kpc£m ]≤-Xn-I-ƒ°v Xt±-i-`-c-W

ÿm]-\-߃ cq]w \¬Ip-tºmƒ hnI-emw-K-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-

°m≥ th≠n s]mXp-k` hnfn-®p-Iq-´-W-sa∂v k¿°m¿ \n¿t±-in-®n-cp-

∂p. hy‡-amb \n¿t±-i-ß-fpsS A`m-h-Øm¬ Cu s]mXp-k-`-Iƒ

hnfn-®p-tN¿°p-∂-Xn\v ]e Xt±-i- -cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw Xmev]cyw ImWn-

®n-cp-∂n-√.

]≤Xn cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw KpW-t`m‡r sXcs™Sp∏nepw \n¿∆-

l-W-Ønepw P\-]-¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p∂ thZn-bmWv Kma-k-`. kmaq-

lnI at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ ]Xn-Iqe [mc-W-Iƒ aqew imco-

cnI ˛ am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿°v s]mXp k`-I-fn¬ Ah-

cpsS ]iv\-߃ D∂-bn-°p-∂-Xn\pw A\p-Iqe Xocp-am-\saSp°p∂-

Xn\pw ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ Ds≠-∂Xv hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Cu Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-°p-

∂-Xn\pw Ch-cpsS ]iv\w Ah-cn¬ \n∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw `cW

cwKØv Cu hn`m-K-Øns‚ CS-s]-S¬ km[yX h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-am-

bn-´mWv ]tXyI Kma-k-`-Ifpw (hm¿Uvk-`-I-fpw) s]mXpk`bpw

tNcp∂-Xv.

imcocnI ˛ am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h¿ Bsc√mw?

saUn-°¬ t_m¿Uv k¿´n-^n-°‰v (Xn-cn-®-dn-b¬ tcJ) A\p-k-cn®v

40% Øn¬ A[nIw sshI-ey-ap-s≠∂v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ GXv

hy‡nbpw sshI-ey-ap-≈-bm-fmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Spw. \ne-hn¬ sshI-

ey-ßsf Ggmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. A‘X

2. eLp-Zr-iyX

3. Ne\ sshIeyw

4. _[n-cX

5. am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ (_p-≤n-am-µyw, Hm´n-kw, skdn-_-d¬

]mƒkn, aƒ´n-∏nƒ Unsk-_n-en‰n)

6. IpjvT tcmK hnap-‡ sshI-ey-߃

7. am\-knI hn`m¥n

sshIeyw kw_-‘n® \b-k-ao-]\w

1. sshIey _m[ XS-b¬

]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-sh-bv]v, t]mj-Im-lm-cw, K¿`-Ime ]cn-c-£, Bip-

]Xn ]k-hw, Cfw-]mb hnhmlw XS-b¬, _‘pXz hnhmlw Hgn-hm-

°¬ XpS-ßn-b-h

2. ]p\-c-[n-hmkw

imcocnI ]iv\ ]cn-lmcw ˛ D]-I-c-W-߃/hml-\-߃

hnZym-`ymkw ˛ kvtImf¿jn∏v/_Uvkv kvIqƒ

50 51

ssI∏p-kvXIw

27

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

27

sXmgn¬ ˛ ]cn-io-e\w/sXmgn¬ kwcw`w

]I¬ ]cn-]me\w ˛ ssÃ∏‚ v

]¶m-fnØw ˛ ]tXyI Ab¬°q-´w,

kzbw- k-lmb kwLw

sshI-ey-߃ Imte°q´n

Is≠-ج ˛ XpS¿]-h¿Ø\w

ssii-h-Ime ]tbm-P\ ˛ C‚¿shj≥/Ãnap-te-j≥

kwhn-[m\w tIµ-߃

kmaqly kpc£ - s]≥j≥

imco-cnI am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cpsS Kma-k` ˛

e£y-߃

a) sshI-ey-߃ A\p-`-hn-°p∂ apgp-h≥ t]cp-sSbpw (Ip-´n-Ifpw

apXn¿∂-h-cpw) Ah-Im-i-߃, Xp-ey-\o-Xn, ka-Xzw, kzmX-¥yw,

A¥- v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI.

b) sshI-ey-ap-≈-hsc kzbw-]-cym-]vX-X-bn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-

amb kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw klm-b-ßfpw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw Ah-bpsS

t]mcm-bva-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn-\p≈ \n¿t±-i-

߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw sNøpI

c) sshI-ey-ap≈ apgp-h≥ t]cp-sSbpw ]´nI, sshI-ey-ß-fpsS Xcw,

]mbw, Ah-ÿ, ASn-b-¥nc ]p\-c-[n-hmk Bh-iy-߃, \¬I-

s∏´ B\p-Iq-ey-߃ F∂nh tcJ-s∏-SpØn Kma-k-` -X-e-Øn¬

AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw s]mXp-k-`-X-e-Øn¬ tImUo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-I.

d) s]mXp Kma-k-`-bn-te-Xn\v k-am-\-ambn Cu hn`m-K-Øn-\mbn \S-

∏m-t°≠ ]cn-]m-Sn -Iƒ°v \n¿t±-i-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

ap≥KW\ \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI

e) ]≤Xn am¿§-tc-Jm \n¿t±-i-ß-fn¬ XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ kwtbm-

Pn-X-ambn ^≠v e`y-am-t°≠ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ GtIm-]n-X-ambn \S-

∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-߃°v cq]w \¬IpI

f) sshI-ey-ap-≈-h-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ßfpw Bh-iy-ßfpw kzX-¥-ambpw

\n¿`-b-ambpw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ thZn cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI

g) sshI-ey-a-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-cpsS ÿmbn-bmb ]ptcm-K-Xn°pw ]p\-c-

[n-hm-k-Øn\pw klm-b-I-amb \bw cq]-s∏-Sp-ØpI

imcocnI ˛am-\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cpsS Kma-k`

AwK߃

Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Ønse Hmtcm hm¿Un-tebpw 18 hb- n\v ta¬

]mb-ap≈ sshI-ey-ap≈ apgp-h≥ t]cpw Cu hn`m-K-Øns‚ ]tXyI

Kma-k-`-bnse AwK-ß-fm-Wv. ]mb-t`-Z-at\y am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

t\cn-Sp-∂-hcpsS c£n-Xm-hn\pw 18 hb- n¬ Xmsg-]m-b-ap≈ a‰v sshI-

ey-ap≈ Ip´n-I-fpsS c£n-Xm-hn\pw Cu ]tXyI Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]s¶-

Sp-°mw. Kma-k-`-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°-s∏-´- P\-]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw

DtZym-K-ÿcpw Cu k`-bn¬ ]s¶-Spt°≠-Xm-Wv.

imco-cnI ˛ am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cpsS ]©m-b-Øp-

Xek`

]tXyI hm¿Uvk`/Kma-k` Hmtcm-∂n¬ \n∂pw aq∂v t]sc s]mXp-

k` ]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn sXc-s™-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ Cu hn`m-K-Øns‚

]©m-bØvXe-k` AwK-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. C]-Imcw ]Xn-\n-[n-

Isf sXc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Hcmƒ sshI-ey-ap-≈-bmfpw Hcmƒ c£-

I¿Øm-hpw BIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]©m-b-ØvXe-k`, Kma-k- -I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`y-am-Ip∂ \n¿t±-i-߃

]©m-b-ØvX-e-Øn¬ e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw hnI-k\ skan-\m-dn-te°v

]Xn-\n-[n-Isf \ntbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ kwhn-[m-\-am-bn-cn-°pw.

hnI-emwK Kma-k` LS-\bpw kwLm-S-\hpw

• I¨ho-\¿ ˛ hm¿Uvsa-º¿

• A≤y-£≥ ˛ ]kn -U-≠v , sshkv ]kn -U≠v

Ch-cpsS A-km∂n≤y-Øn¬ I¨ho-\¿

• tIm˛-Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ ˛ Xt± -i -` -c -W-ÿm-]\w \ma -\n¿t±iw

sNøp∂ DtZym-K-ÿ≥

• AP≠ ˛ skI- -dnbpw ]knU≠pw IqSn-bm-tem-Nn®v

`c-W-k-anXn AwKo-Im-c-tØmsS AP≠

\n›-bn-°Ww

52 53

ssI∏p-kvXIw

28

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

28

• tbmK XobXn ˛ ]kn-U≠v I¨ho-\-dp-ambn IqSn-bm-tem

\n›-bn-°¬ -Nn®v `c-W- k-anXn AwKo-Im-c-tØmsS

• tbmK CS-thf ˛ h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬

• tbmKw ˛kwLmS\w ˛ I¨ho-\¿

• Adn-bn-∏p-\¬I¬ ˛ ]©m-bØv `cWkan-Xn-bn¬ Btem-Nn®

tijw kmaqly kpc-£n-X-Xzw, hnZym-`ym-

kw, Btcm-Kyw, h\nXm˛inip-hn-I-k-\w

h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-\¿am¿, kn.-Un.-

Fkv. `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ F∂n-hsc Adnbn-®p-

sIm≠v A¶-W-hmSn h¿°¿, Bi, F.-Un.-

Fkv. ]h¿Ø-I¿ aptJ\ sshI-ey-ap-≈-

h¿°v, c£n-Xm-°ƒ°v Adn-bn∏v \¬IpI.

s]mXp Hm^o-kp-Iƒ, s]mXp ÿe-߃,

A¶-W-hm-Wn-Iƒ, k_v sk‚¿, kvIqƒ

F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ t\m´okv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-

°pI.

• an\pSvkv ˛ an\pSvkpw Xocp-am-\-ßfpw tbmK-ÿ-eØv

sh®v Xs∂ FgpXn tbmKm-h-km\w hmbn®v

tIƒ∏n-°Ww

• tNmZy-߃ ˛ tbmK-Øn\v aptºm tbmK-ÿ-eØv sht®m

Fgp-Xn ka¿∏n-°Ww

• DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ˛ ]kn-U≠ns‚ \n¿t±-ia-\p-k-cn®v taJ-e

]¶m-fnØw -bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ¿ Kma-k-`-

bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-XmWv

• tªm°v˛Pn√m ]©m˛ tªm°v ˛ Pn√m ]©m-bØv ]cn-K-W\

b-Øp-IfpsS ]cn-K Bh-iy-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ Hcm-gvN-°Iw

W\ Bh-iy-amb skI-´dn Ab-®p-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv

hnj-b-߃

• ]ta-b-ßfpw ˛ ]ta-b-ßfpw \n¿t±-i-ßfpw Xt±-i-`-cW

\n¿t±-i-ßfpw ÿm]-\-Øn-t‚bpw Kma-k-`-bp-tSbpw

A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-bn¬s∏-´-Xp-am-X-am-bn-cn-

°Ww

• AP≠ ˛ imcocnI ˛ am\-knI sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-

Sp-∂-h-cpsS Kma-k-`°v hy‡-amb Imcy-

]-cn-]mSn D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. cPn-kvtS-j≥,

kzmK-Xw, A≤y£ ]kw-Kw, hnj-bm-h-X-

c -Ww, Kq∏vN¿®, Kq∏v Ah-X-c -Ww,

tImUoI-c-Ww, tNmtZym-Ø-cw, ]Xn-\n[n

sXc-s™-Sp∏v F∂nh \n›-b-ambpw D≠m-

bn-cn-°-Ww. hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-Øn¬ sshI-

ey-ap-≈-h-cpsS FÆw, Xcw, Kpcp-Xc ]iv\-

߃, ]tXyI Ab¬°q-´w, Ct∏mƒ

B\p-Iqeyw e`n-°p-∂-h¿, s]mXp-tk-h-\-

߃, sshI-ey-ap-≈-hsc kw_-‘n® Xt±-

i-`-cW ÿm]\ ImgvN-∏mSv, Dt±-in-°p∂

]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh FgpXn Xøm-dm°n

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. DZvLm-S-\-Øn\v tijw

Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hnj-b-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-

am°n Kq∏v N¿® \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

Kq∏v N¿®m hnj-b-߃

a sshI-ey-ap-≈-h-cpsS • sshIey \n¿Æb Iymºp-Iƒ,

BtcmKyw ˛ klmb Xncn-®-dn-b¬ Im¿Uv, D]-I-cW

D]-I-c-W-߃, hnX-c-Ww, BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv

C≥jp-d≥kv ˛ ap≥]-h¿Ø\w ˛ X≥h¿j

]h¿Ø\w

b hnZym-`ymkw˛]cn-io-e-\w • kvtImf¿jn∏v / s]≥j≥/

kvtImf¿jn∏v, s]≥j≥, ssÃ∏‚ v/_Uvkv/Fkv.-F-kv.F.

ssÃ∏‚ v, s]≥j≥, klmbw/kzImcy ÿm]-\-ß-ƒ

XnXe kwtbm-P\w

c sXmgn¬kwcw- ]cn-io-e-\w, • ZmcnZy \n¿Ωm¿÷\ sXmgn-ep

]I¬ ]cn-]m-e-\w, kmº ambn _‘-s∏´v \¬In-bXpw

ØnI klm-b-߃/ ]pXn-bXmbn G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ab¬°q´w/Zmcn-Zy- ∂-Xp-amb B\p-Iqeyw

-\n¿Ωm¿÷\w/]m¿∏nSw/

bmXm kuIcyw

54 55

ssI∏p-kvXIw

29

]tXy-I-hn- m-K-ß-fpsS Kma-k`

29

d s]mXp kuI-cy-߃, • ipNn-Xzw, IpSn-sh-≈w,

XS- -hn-ap‡ kao-]-\w, s]mXp˛kzImcy ]¶m-fnØw

kpc-£n-XXzw XpS-ßn-bh

Hmtcm Kq∏pw hnj-bsØ kw_-‘n®v A\p-`-h-߃, ]iv\-߃,

Bh-iy-߃, ]cn-lmc \n¿t±-i-߃-F-∂n-ßs\ Hmtcm ImcysØ

kw_-‘n®pw ]´n-I-s∏-SpØn Ah-X-cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu ]´nI ]©m-

b-ØvXek`-bnepw ]©m-b-Ønepw tImUo-I-cn®pw kwK-ln®pw ]cn-

K-Wn-°m≥ Ignbpw hn[w hy‡-ambn FgpXn \¬tI-≠-Xm-Wv. Hmtcm

Kq∏n\pw Hcp A≤y-£\pw Ah-Xm-c-I\pw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

]©m-b-Øp-Xe s]mXp-k`

Hcp Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Ønse sshI-ey-ap≈ apgp-h≥ t]cp-tSbpw

Hcp Kma-k` tNcp-∂Xv A]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-b-Xn-\m-emWv hm¿Uv k -bnse

]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]©m-b-ØvXe IqSp-∂-Xv. ]kn-U≠v

A≤y-£-\m-bpw kmaqly kpc-£n-XXz h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-\¿

tIm¿Un-t\-‰-dmbpw hm¿Uvk-`-Iƒ°v tijw ]©m-b-ØvXe hnfn®v

Iqt´-≠-Xm-Wv. Cu tbmK-Øn¬ apgp-h≥ saº¿amcpw Pn√m tªm°v

]©m-bØv ]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw Btcm-Kyw, hnZym-`ym-kw, h\n-X, ZmcnZy

\n¿Ωm¿÷\w h¿°nwKv Kq∏v I¨ho-\¿amcpw ]s¶-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

Cu cwKØv tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-°p∂ kzImcy ˛ k∂≤ ÿm]-\-ßsf

]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-Xe ]´nI tImUo-I-

cn-°¬, Cu hn`mKw P\-ß-fpsS KpW-t`m‡r]´nI ]cn-tim-[n-°¬,

ap≥K-W\ \n›-bn-°¬, ]pXnb t]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-߃, XnXe ]≤Xn

kwtbm-P\ \n¿t±-i-߃, sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-IXz \n¿t±-iw, hnZym-`ymk˛

BtcmKy \n¿t±-i-߃ XpS-ßnb Kma-k` \n¿t±-i-߃ tImUo-I-

cn®v Xt±-i-`-c-W-X-e-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv. ]©m-b-ØvXe -k`-

bn¬ \n∂pw 5 ]Xn-\n-[n-Isf hnI-k\ skan-\m-dn-te°v sXc-s™-Sp-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv. A≤y£ ]kw-K-Øn\pw Kma-k` \n¿t±i tImUo-I-c-

W-Øn\pw tijw 4 Kq∏p-I-fmbn Xncn™v N¿® \SØn Xt±i ]≤Xn

cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw `cW \S-]-Sn-I-fnepw ]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn Gs‰-Sp-°m-

hp∂ \n¿t±-i-߃ Xøm-dm°n Ah-X-cn-∏nt°≠-Xpw `c-W-k-an-Xn°v

ssIam-td-≠-Xp-am-Wv. c-W-k-anXn Cu \n¿t±-i-߃°v A¿l-amb ]cn-

K-W\ \¬In \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

******

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